1
|
Chen Y, Tang W, Huang X, An Y, Li J, Yuan S, Shan H, Zhang M. Mitophagy in intracerebral hemorrhage: a new target for therapeutic intervention. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:316-323. [PMID: 37488884 PMCID: PMC10503626 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.379019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage is a life-threatening condition with a high fatality rate and severe sequelae. However, there is currently no treatment available for intracerebral hemorrhage, unlike for other stroke subtypes. Recent studies have indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy likely relate to the pathophysiology of intracerebral hemorrhage. Mitophagy, or selective autophagy of mitochondria, is an essential pathway to preserve mitochondrial homeostasis by clearing up damaged mitochondria. Mitophagy markedly contributes to the reduction of secondary brain injury caused by mitochondrial dysfunction after intracerebral hemorrhage. This review provides an overview of the mitochondrial dysfunction that occurs after intracerebral hemorrhage and the underlying mechanisms regarding how mitophagy regulates it, and discusses the new direction of therapeutic strategies targeting mitophagy for intracerebral hemorrhage, aiming to determine the close connection between mitophagy and intracerebral hemorrhage and identify new therapies to modulate mitophagy after intracerebral hemorrhage. In conclusion, although only a small number of drugs modulating mitophagy in intracerebral hemorrhage have been found thus far, most of which are in the preclinical stage and require further investigation, mitophagy is still a very valid and promising therapeutic target for intracerebral hemorrhage in the long run.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Chen
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice (Academy of Forensic Science), Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxuan Tang
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinqi Huang
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yumei An
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shengye Yuan
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiyan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice (Academy of Forensic Science), Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang L, Li J, Reilly S, Xin H, Guo N, Zhang X. Role of organellar Ca2+-activated K+ channels in disease development. Life Sci 2023; 316:121433. [PMID: 36708987 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The organellar Ca2+-activated K+ channels share a similar ability to transfer the alteration of Ca2+ concentration to membrane conductance of potassium. Multiple effects of Ca2+-activated K+ channels on cell metabolism and complex signaling pathways during organ development have been explored. The organellar Ca2+-activated K+ channels are able to control the ionic equilibrium and are always associated with oxidative stress in different organelles and the whole cells. Some drugs targeting Ca2+-activated K+ channels have been tested for various diseases in clinical trials. In this review, the known roles of organellar Ca2+-activated K+ channels were described, and their effects on different diseases, particularly on diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological diseases were discussed. It was attempted to summarize the currently known operational modes with the involvement of organellar Ca2+-activated K+ channels. This review may assist scholars to more comprehensively understand organellar Ca2+-activated K+ channels and related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Svetlana Reilly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hong Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Minhang hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gareev I, Beylerli O, Liang Y, Lu E, Ilyasova T, Sufianov A, Sufianova G, Shi H, Ahmad A, Yang G. The Role of Mitochondria-Targeting miRNAs in Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1065-1080. [PMID: 35524670 PMCID: PMC10286585 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220507021445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most common type of hemorrhagic stroke, most often occurring between the ages of 45 and 60. Arterial hypertension (AH) is most often the cause of ICH, followed by atherosclerosis, blood diseases, inflammatory changes in cerebral vessels, intoxication and vitamin deficiencies. Cerebral hemorrhage can occur by diapedesis or as a result of a ruptured vessel. AH is difficult to treat, requires surgery and can lead to disability or death. One of the important directions in the study of the pathogenesis of ICH is mitochondrial dysfunction and its regulation. The key role of mitochondrial dysfunction in AH and atherosclerosis, as well as in the development of brain damage after hemorrhage, has been acknowledged. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs (about 18-22 nucleotides) that regulate a variety of biological processes including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, etc., primarily through gene repression. There is growing evidence to support dysregulated miRNAs in various cardiovascular diseases, including ICH. Further, the realization of miRNAs within mitochondrial compartment has challenged the traditional knowledge of signaling pathways involved in the regulatory network of cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of miRNAs in mitochondrial dysfunction for ICH is still under-appreciated, with comparatively much lesser studies and investigations reported, than those in other cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize the up-to-date findings on the published role miRNAs in mitochondrial function for ICH, and the potential use of miRNAs in clinical settings, such as potential therapeutic targets and non-invasive diagnostic/prognostic biomarker tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilgiz Gareev
- Federal Centre of Neurosurgery, Tyumen, Russia
- Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Ozal Beylerli
- Federal Centre of Neurosurgery, Tyumen, Russia
- Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Yanchao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Enzhou Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Tatiana Ilyasova
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russia
| | - Albert Sufianov
- Federal Centre of Neurosurgery, Tyumen, Russia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
| | - Galina Sufianova
- Department of Pharmacology, Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Huaizhang Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Interim Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
External Hemin as an Inhibitor of Mitochondrial Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113391. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (mitoBKCa) is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and seems to play a crucial role in cytoprotection. The mitoBKCa channel is regulated by many modulators, including activators, such as calcium ions and inhibitors, such as heme and its oxidized form hemin. Heme/hemin binds to the heme-binding motif (CXXCH) located between two RCK domains present in the mitochondrial matrix. In the present study, we used the patch-clamp technique in the outside-out configuration to record the activity of mitoBKCa channels. This allowed for the application of channel modulators to the intermembrane-space side of the mitoBKCa. We found that hemin applied in this configuration inhibits the activity of mitoBKCa. In addition, we proved that the observed hemin effect is specific and it is not due to its interaction with the inner mitochondrial membrane. Our data suggest the existence of a new potential heme/hemin binding site in the structure of the mitoBKCa channel located on the mitochondrial intermembrane space side, which could constitute a new way for the regulation of mitoBKCa channel activity.
Collapse
|
5
|
Moderate Ethanol-Preconditioning Offers Ischemic Tolerance Against Focal Cerebral Ischemic/Reperfusion: Role of Large Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3647-3658. [PMID: 35790697 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism underlying moderate ethanol (EtOH)-preconditioning (PC) against ischemic brain injury remains unclear. We evaluated the role of large conductance calcium-sensitive potassium (BKCa) channels in EtOH-PC. Almost one hundred and ninety normal adult SD rats (8 to 10 weeks, 320-350 g) were enrolled in this study. Ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) brain injury was induced in rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 h followed by reperfusion for 24 h. EtOH or the BKCa channel opener, NS11021, was administered 24 h before I/R with or without pre-treatment with the BKCa channel blocker, paxilline. Infarct volumes were measured by tissue staining and imaging, and neurological functions were assessed by a scoring system. The expression of BKCa channel subunit α was detected by Western blotting, and cell apoptosis was assessed using staining. Prior (24 h) administration of ethanol that produced a peak plasma concentration of ~ 45 mg/dl in rats would offer neuroprotection after cerebral I/R. In addition, the expression of BKCa channel α-subunit was significantly increased 24 h after EtOH-PC (n = 10; control: 2.00 ± 0.09, EtOH: 1.00 ± 0.06; P < 0.5). Compared to I/R, EtOH-PC enhanced the expression of BKCa channel α-subunit both in the penumbra (n = 10; 24 h: I/R: 1.25 ± 0.10, EtOH-PC + I/R: 1.99 ± 0.12; P < 0.01; 4 h: I/R: 1.03 ± 0.03, EtOH-PC + I/R: 1.49 ± 0.05; P < 0.001) and infarct core (n = 10; 4 h: I/R: 1.04 ± 0.04, EtOH-PC + I/R: 1.42 ± 0.05; P < 0.001), improved the neurological function (n = 10; I/R: 14.00 (12.75-15.00), EtOH-PC + I/R: 7.00 (4.75-8.25); P < 0.001), attenuated the apoptosis (n = 10; I/R: 26.80 ± 0.69, EtOH-PC + I/R: 8.46 ± 0.31; P < 0.001), and decreased the infarct volume (n = 10; I/R: 244.00 ± 26.24, EtOH-PC + I/R: 70.09 ± 14.69; P < 0.001) after experimental cerebral I/R. These changes were reversed by paxilline administration. The moderate EtOH-PC protects against I/R-induced brain damage dependent on the upregulation BKCa channels.
Collapse
|
6
|
Walewska A, Szewczyk A, Krajewska M, Koprowski P. Targeting mitochondrial large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel by hydrogen sulfide via heme-binding site. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 381:137-150. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.001017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
7
|
Wrzosek A, Gałecka S, Żochowska M, Olszewska A, Kulawiak B. Alternative Targets for Modulators of Mitochondrial Potassium Channels. Molecules 2022; 27:299. [PMID: 35011530 PMCID: PMC8746388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial potassium channels control potassium influx into the mitochondrial matrix and thus regulate mitochondrial membrane potential, volume, respiration, and synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has been found that pharmacological activation of mitochondrial potassium channels during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury activates cytoprotective mechanisms resulting in increased cell survival. In cancer cells, the inhibition of these channels leads to increased cell death. Therefore, mitochondrial potassium channels are intriguing targets for the development of new pharmacological strategies. In most cases, however, the substances that modulate the mitochondrial potassium channels have a few alternative targets in the cell. This may result in unexpected or unwanted effects induced by these compounds. In our review, we briefly present the various classes of mitochondrial potassium (mitoK) channels and describe the chemical compounds that modulate their activity. We also describe examples of the multidirectional activity of the activators and inhibitors of mitochondrial potassium channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Wrzosek
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (S.G.); (M.Ż.)
| | - Shur Gałecka
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (S.G.); (M.Ż.)
| | - Monika Żochowska
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (S.G.); (M.Ż.)
| | - Anna Olszewska
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1a Debinki, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Bogusz Kulawiak
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (S.G.); (M.Ż.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
González-Sanabria N, Echeverría F, Segura I, Alvarado-Sánchez R, Latorre R. BK in Double-Membrane Organelles: A Biophysical, Pharmacological, and Functional Survey. Front Physiol 2021; 12:761474. [PMID: 34764886 PMCID: PMC8577798 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.761474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 1970s, calcium-activated potassium currents were recorded for the first time. In 10years, this Ca2+-activated potassium channel was identified in rat skeletal muscle, chromaffin cells and characterized in skeletal muscle membranes reconstituted in lipid bilayers. This calcium- and voltage-activated potassium channel, dubbed BK for “Big K” due to its large ionic conductance between 130 and 300 pS in symmetric K+. The BK channel is a tetramer where the pore-forming α subunit contains seven transmembrane segments. It has a modular architecture containing a pore domain with a highly potassium-selective filter, a voltage-sensor domain and two intracellular Ca2+ binding sites in the C-terminus. BK is found in the plasma membrane of different cell types, the inner mitochondrial membrane (mitoBK) and the nuclear envelope’s outer membrane (nBK). Like BK channels in the plasma membrane (pmBK), the open probability of mitoBK and nBK channels are regulated by Ca2+ and voltage and modulated by auxiliary subunits. BK channels share common pharmacology to toxins such as iberiotoxin, charybdotoxin, paxilline, and agonists of the benzimidazole family. However, the precise role of mitoBK and nBK remains largely unknown. To date, mitoBK has been reported to play a role in protecting the heart from ischemic injury. At the same time, pharmacology suggests that nBK has a role in regulating nuclear Ca2+, membrane potential and expression of eNOS. Here, we will discuss at the biophysical level the properties and differences of mitoBK and nBK compared to those of pmBK and their pharmacology and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naileth González-Sanabria
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Felipe Echeverría
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ignacio Segura
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rosangelina Alvarado-Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ramon Latorre
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Su F, Yang H, Guo A, Qu Z, Wu J, Wang Q. Mitochondrial BK Ca Mediates the Protective Effect of Low-Dose Ethanol Preconditioning on Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reperfusion-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:719753. [PMID: 34759831 PMCID: PMC8573145 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.719753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury contributes to the morbidity and mortality of ischemic strokes. As an in vitro model, oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) exposure induces neuronal injury. Low-dose ethanol preconditioning (EtOH-PC) was reported to alleviate neuronal apoptosis during OGD/R. However, whether the mitochondrial BKCa (mitoBKCa) channel is involved in the neuroprotective effect of EtOH-PC during OGD/R is not clearly defined. This study attempts to explore the mediation of the mitoBKCa channel in the neuroprotective effect of EtOH-PC on OGD/R-induced neuronal apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms. OGD/R model was established using primary cortical neurons that were preincubated with ethanol. Subsequently, the cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay, and the apoptotic cells were determined by TUNEL assay. Annexin V/7-AAD staining and mitochondrial membrane potential using JC-10 were detected by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was performed to check the apoptosis-related proteins. In the mixed primary culture, 95% neurofilament-positive cells were cortical neurons. Low-dose EtOH-PC (10 mmol/L) for 24 h significantly attenuated the OGD2h/R24h-induced neuronal apoptosis through activating the BKCa channel. Further investigations suggested that ethanol pretreatment increased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and downregulated the production of cleaved caspase 3 in OGD/R-injured neurons by activating the mitoBKCa channel. Low-dose ethanol pretreatment significantly attenuated the OGD/R-induced neuronal apoptosis mediated by the mitoBKCa channel which modulated the mitochondrial function by impeding the uncontrolled opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Su
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Huajun Yang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anchen Guo
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyi Qu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gallio A, Fung SSP, Cammack-Najera A, Hudson AJ, Raven EL. Understanding the Logistics for the Distribution of Heme in Cells. JACS AU 2021; 1:1541-1555. [PMID: 34723258 PMCID: PMC8549057 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Heme is essential for the survival of virtually all living systems-from bacteria, fungi, and yeast, through plants to animals. No eukaryote has been identified that can survive without heme. There are thousands of different proteins that require heme in order to function properly, and these are responsible for processes such as oxygen transport, electron transfer, oxidative stress response, respiration, and catalysis. Further to this, in the past few years, heme has been shown to have an important regulatory role in cells, in processes such as transcription, regulation of the circadian clock, and the gating of ion channels. To act in a regulatory capacity, heme needs to move from its place of synthesis (in mitochondria) to other locations in cells. But while there is detailed information on how the heme lifecycle begins (heme synthesis), and how it ends (heme degradation), what happens in between is largely a mystery. Here we summarize recent information on the quantification of heme in cells, and we present a discussion of a mechanistic framework that could meet the logistical challenge of heme distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea
E. Gallio
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Simon S.-P. Fung
- Department
of Chemistry and Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K.
| | - Ana Cammack-Najera
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - Andrew J. Hudson
- Department
of Chemistry and Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K.
| | - Emma L. Raven
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sek A, Kampa RP, Kulawiak B, Szewczyk A, Bednarczyk P. Identification of the Large-Conductance Ca 2+-Regulated Potassium Channel in Mitochondria of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113233. [PMID: 34072205 PMCID: PMC8199365 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in energy metabolism within the cell. Potassium channels such as ATP-sensitive, voltage-gated or large-conductance Ca2+-regulated channels have been described in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Several hypotheses have been proposed to describe the important roles of mitochondrial potassium channels in cell survival and death pathways. In the current study, we identified two populations of mitochondrial large-conductance Ca2+-regulated potassium (mitoBKCa) channels in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. The biophysical properties of the channels were characterized using the patch-clamp technique. We observed the activity of the channel with a mean conductance close to 285 pS in symmetric 150/150 mM KCl solution. Channel activity was increased upon application of the potassium channel opener NS11021 in the micromolar concentration range. The channel activity was completely inhibited by 1 µM paxilline and 300 nM iberiotoxin, selective inhibitors of the BKCa channels. Based on calcium and iberiotoxin modulation, we suggest that the C-terminus of the protein is localized to the mitochondrial matrix. Additionally, using RT-PCR, we confirmed the presence of α pore-forming (Slo1) and auxiliary β3-β4 subunits of BKCa channel in HBE cells. Western blot analysis of cellular fractions confirmed the mitochondrial localization of α pore-forming and predominately β3 subunits. Additionally, the regulation of oxygen consumption and membrane potential of human bronchial epithelial mitochondria in the presence of the potassium channel opener NS11021 and inhibitor paxilline were also studied. In summary, for the first time, the electrophysiological and functional properties of the mitoBKCa channel in a bronchial epithelial cell line were described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Sek
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (R.P.K.); (B.K.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafal P. Kampa
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (R.P.K.); (B.K.); (A.S.)
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogusz Kulawiak
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (R.P.K.); (B.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.); (R.P.K.); (B.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Piotr Bednarczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-593-8620
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gałecka S, Kulawiak B, Bednarczyk P, Singh H, Szewczyk A. Single channel properties of mitochondrial large conductance potassium channel formed by BK-VEDEC splice variant. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10925. [PMID: 34035423 PMCID: PMC8149700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of mitochondrial large conductance calcium-activated potassium (mitoBKCa) channels increases cell survival during ischemia/reperfusion injury of cardiac cells. The basic biophysical and pharmacological properties of mitoBKCa correspond to the properties of the BKCa channels from the plasma membrane. It has been suggested that the VEDEC splice variant of the KCNMA1 gene product encoding plasma membrane BKCa is targeted toward mitochondria. However there has been no direct evidence that this protein forms a functional channel in mitochondria. In our study, we used HEK293T cells to express the VEDEC splice variant and observed channel activity in mitochondria using the mitoplast patch-clamp technique. For the first time, we found that transient expression with the VEDEC isoform resulted in channel activity with the conductance of 290 ± 3 pS. The channel was voltage-dependent and activated by calcium ions. Moreover, the activity of the channel was stimulated by the potassium channel opener NS11021 and inhibited by hemin and paxilline, which are known BKCa channel blockers. Immunofluorescence experiments confirmed the partial colocalization of the channel within the mitochondria. From these results, we conclude that the VEDEC isoform of the BKCa channel forms a functional channel in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Additionally, our data show that HEK293T cells are a promising experimental model for expression and electrophysiological studies of mitochondrial potassium channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shur Gałecka
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogusz Kulawiak
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Bednarczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw, University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chiabrando D, Fiorito V, Petrillo S, Bertino F, Tolosano E. HEME: a neglected player in nociception? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 124:124-136. [PMID: 33545213 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite increasing progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of pain, current management of pain syndromes is still unsatisfactory. The recent discovery of novel pathways associated with pain insensitivity in humans represents a unique opportunity to improve our knowledge on the pathophysiology of pain. Heme metabolism recently emerged as a crucial regulator of nociception. Of note, alteration of heme metabolism has been associated with pain insensitivity as well as with acute and chronic pain in porphyric neuropathy and hemolytic diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms linking heme to the pain pathways still remain unclear. The review focuses on the major heme-regulated processes relevant for sensory neurons' maintenance, peripheral and central sensitization as well as for pain comorbidities, like anxiety and depression. By discussing the body of knowledge on the topic, we provide a novel perspective on the molecular mechanisms linking heme to nociception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Chiabrando
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | - Veronica Fiorito
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Bertino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen W, Guo C, Feng H, Chen Y. Mitochondria: Novel Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets for Secondary Brain Injury After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:615451. [PMID: 33584246 PMCID: PMC7873050 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.615451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a destructive form of stroke that often results in death or disability. However, the survivors usually experience sequelae of neurological impairments and psychiatric disorders, which affect their daily functionality and working capacity. The recent MISTIE III and STICH II trials have confirmed that early surgical clearance of hematomas does not improve the prognosis of survivors of ICH, so it is vital to find the intervention target of secondary brain injury (SBI) after ICH. Mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be induced by oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and autophagy, among others, is considered to be a novel pathological mechanism of ICH. Moreover, mitochondria play an important role in promoting neuronal survival and improving neurological function after a hemorrhagic stroke. This review summarizes the mitochondrial mechanism involved in cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inflammatory activation, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and brain edema underlying ICH. We emphasize the potential of mitochondrial protection as a potential therapeutic target for SBI after stroke and provide valuable insight into clinical strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weixiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Derry PJ, Vo ATT, Gnanansekaran A, Mitra J, Liopo AV, Hegde ML, Tsai AL, Tour JM, Kent TA. The Chemical Basis of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Cell Toxicity With Contributions From Eryptosis and Ferroptosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:603043. [PMID: 33363457 PMCID: PMC7755086 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.603043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a particularly devastating event both because of the direct injury from space-occupying blood to the sequelae of the brain exposed to free blood components from which it is normally protected. Not surprisingly, the usual metabolic and energy pathways are overwhelmed in this situation. In this review article, we detail the complexity of red blood cell degradation, the contribution of eryptosis leading to hemoglobin breakdown into its constituents, the participants in that process, and the points at which injury can be propagated such as elaboration of toxic radicals through the metabolism of the breakdown products. Two prominent products of this breakdown sequence, hemin, and iron, induce a variety of pathologies including free radical damage and DNA breakage, which appear to include events independent from typical oxidative DNA injury. As a result of this confluence of damaging elements, multiple pathways of injury, cell death, and survival are likely engaged including ferroptosis (which may be the same as oxytosis but viewed from a different perspective) and senescence, suggesting that targeting any single cause will likely not be a sufficient strategy to maximally improve outcome. Combination therapies in addition to safe methods to reduce blood burden should be pursued.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Derry
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anh Tran Tram Vo
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Aswini Gnanansekaran
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joy Mitra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anton V Liopo
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Muralidhar L Hegde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ah-Lim Tsai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - James M Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Computer Science, George R. Brown School of Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, George R. Brown School of Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas A Kent
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Burton MJ, Cresser-Brown J, Thomas M, Portolano N, Basran J, Freeman SL, Kwon H, Bottrill AR, Llansola-Portoles MJ, Pascal AA, Jukes-Jones R, Chernova T, Schmid R, Davies NW, Storey NM, Dorlet P, Moody PCE, Mitcheson JS, Raven EL. Discovery of a heme-binding domain in a neuronal voltage-gated potassium channel. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13277-13286. [PMID: 32723862 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The EAG (ether-à-go-go) family of voltage-gated K+ channels are important regulators of neuronal and cardiac action potential firing (excitability) and have major roles in human diseases such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, cancer, and sudden cardiac death. A defining feature of EAG (Kv10-12) channels is a highly conserved domain on the N terminus, known as the eag domain, consisting of a Per-ARNT-Sim (PAS) domain capped by a short sequence containing an amphipathic helix (Cap domain). The PAS and Cap domains are both vital for the normal function of EAG channels. Using heme-affinity pulldown assays and proteomics of lysates from primary cortical neurons, we identified that an EAG channel, hERG3 (Kv11.3), binds to heme. In whole-cell electrophysiology experiments, we identified that heme inhibits hERG3 channel activity. In addition, we expressed the Cap and PAS domain of hERG3 in Escherichia coli and, using spectroscopy and kinetics, identified the PAS domain as the location for heme binding. The results identify heme as a regulator of hERG3 channel activity. These observations are discussed in the context of the emerging role for heme as a regulator of ion channel activity in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Burton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Morgan Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Portolano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jaswir Basran
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel L Freeman
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hanna Kwon
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Bottrill
- Protein Nucleic Acid Chemistry Laboratory, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel J Llansola-Portoles
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Andrew A Pascal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rebekah Jukes-Jones
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Tatyana Chernova
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Schmid
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Noel W Davies
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Nina M Storey
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Dorlet
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Laboratoire de Bioenergetique et d'Ingenierie des Protéines, Marseille, France
| | - Peter C E Moody
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - John S Mitcheson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L Raven
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Signaling pathways targeting mitochondrial potassium channels. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 125:105792. [PMID: 32574707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we describe key signaling pathways regulating potassium channels present in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The signaling cascades covered here include phosphorylation, redox reactions, modulation by calcium ions and nucleotides. The following types of potassium channels have been identified in the inner mitochondrial membrane of various tissues: ATP-sensitive, Ca2+-activated, voltage-gated and two-pore domain potassium channels. The direct roles of these channels involve regulation of mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential and synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Changes in channel activity lead to diverse pro-life and pro-death responses in different cell types. Hence, characterizing the signaling pathways regulating mitochondrial potassium channels will facilitate understanding the physiological role of these proteins. Additionally, we describe in this paper certain regulatory mechanisms, which are unique to mitochondrial potassium channels.
Collapse
|
18
|
Rotko D, Bednarczyk P, Koprowski P, Kunz WS, Szewczyk A, Kulawiak B. Heme is required for carbon monoxide activation of mitochondrial BK Ca channel. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 881:173191. [PMID: 32422186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenously synthesized gaseous mediator and is involved in the regulation of numerous physiological processes. Mitochondria, in which hemoproteins are abundant, are among the targets for CO action. Large-conductance calcium-activated (mitoBKCa) channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane share multiple biophysical similarities with the BKCa channels of the plasma membrane and could be a potential target for CO. To test this hypothesis, the activity of the mitoBKCa channels in human astrocytoma U-87 MG cell mitochondria was assessed with the patch-clamp technique. The effects of CO-releasing molecules (CORMs), such as CORM-2, CORM-401, and CORM-A1, were compared to the application of a CO-saturated solution to the mitoBKCa channels in membrane patches. The applied CORMs showed pleiotropic effects including channel inhibition, while the CO-containing solution did not significantly modulate channel activity. Interestingly, CO applied to the mitoBKCa channels, which were inhibited by exogenously added heme, stimulated the channel. To summarize, our findings indicate a requirement of heme binding to the mitoBKCa channel for channel modulation by CO and suggest that CORMs might have complex unspecific effects on mitoBKCa channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Rotko
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pastuera 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Bednarczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Koprowski
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pastuera 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wolfram S Kunz
- Division of Neurochemistry, Department of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Strasse 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pastuera 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogusz Kulawiak
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pastuera 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dharmalingam P, Talakatta G, Mitra J, Wang H, Derry PJ, Nilewski LG, McHugh EA, Fabian RH, Mendoza K, Vasquez V, Hegde PM, Kakadiaris E, Roy T, Boldogh I, Hegde VL, Mitra S, Tour JM, Kent TA, Hegde ML. Pervasive Genomic Damage in Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Therapeutic Potential of a Mechanistic-Based Carbon Nanoparticle. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2827-2846. [PMID: 32049495 PMCID: PMC7850811 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Therapy for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains elusive, in part dependent on the severity of the hemorrhage itself as well as multiple deleterious effects of blood and its breakdown products such as hemin and free iron. While oxidative injury and genomic damage have been seen following ICH, the details of this injury and implications remain unclear. Here, we discovered that, while free iron produced mostly reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related single-strand DNA breaks, hemin unexpectedly induced rapid and persistent nuclear and mitochondrial double-strand breaks (DSBs) in neuronal and endothelial cell genomes and in mouse brains following experimental ICH comparable to that seen with γ radiation and DNA-complexing chemotherapies. Potentially as a result of persistent DSBs and the DNA damage response, hemin also resulted in senescence phenotype in cultured neurons and endothelial cells. Subsequent resistance to ferroptosis reported in other senescent cell types was also observed here in neurons. While antioxidant therapy prevented senescence, cells became sensitized to ferroptosis. To address both senescence and resistance to ferroptosis, we synthesized a modified, catalytic, and rapidly internalized carbon nanomaterial, poly(ethylene glycol)-conjugated hydrophilic carbon clusters (PEG-HCC) by covalently bonding the iron chelator, deferoxamine (DEF). This multifunctional nanoparticle, DEF-HCC-PEG, protected cells from both senescence and ferroptosis and restored nuclear and mitochondrial genome integrity in vitro and in vivo. We thus describe a potential molecular mechanism of hemin/iron-induced toxicity in ICH that involves a rapid induction of DSBs, senescence, and the consequent resistance to ferroptosis and provide a mechanistic-based combinatorial therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Dharmalingam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Girish Talakatta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Joy Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Paul J Derry
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | | | - Emily A McHugh
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Roderic H Fabian
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, and Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kimberly Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Velmarini Vasquez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Pavana M Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Eugenia Kakadiaris
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Trenton Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Venkatesh L Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Sankar Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - James M Tour
- Departments of Chemistry, Computer Science, Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Smalley-Curl Institute and the NanoCarbon Center, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Thomas A Kent
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Muralidhar L Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Blood Components and Neurotoxicity. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9110316. [PMID: 31717522 PMCID: PMC6896063 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9110316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke which is associated with the highest mortality and morbidity rates of all strokes. Although it is a major public health problem, there is no effective treatment for ICH. As a consequence of ICH, various blood components accumulate in the brain parenchyma and are responsible for much of the secondary brain damage and ICH-induced neurological deficits. Therefore, the strategies that could attenuate the blood component-induced neurotoxicity and improve hematoma resolution are highly needed. The present article provides an overview of blood-induced brain injury after ICH and emphasizes the need to conduct further studies elucidating the mechanisms of hematoma resolution after ICH.
Collapse
|
21
|
Walewska A, Kulawiak B, Szewczyk A, Koprowski P. Mechanosensitivity of mitochondrial large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:797-805. [PMID: 29775559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Potassium channels have been discovered in the inner mitochondrial membrane of various cells. These channels can regulate the mitochondrial membrane potential, the matrix volume, respiration and reactive species generation. Therefore, it is believed that their activation is cytoprotective in various tissues. In our study, the single-channel activity of a large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (mitoBKCa) was measured by the patch-clamp technique on mitoplasts derived from mitochondria isolated from human glioma U-87 MG cells. Here, we show for the first time that mechanical stimulation of mitoBKCa channels results in an increased probability of channel opening. However, the mechanosensitivity of mitoBKCa channels was variable with some channels exhibiting no mechanosensitivity. We detected the expression of mechanosensitive BKCa-STREX exon in U-87 MG cells and hypotesize, based on previous studies demonstrating the presence of multiple BKCa splice variants that variable mechanosensitivity of mitoBKCa could be the result of the presence of diverse BKCa isoforms in mitochondria of U-87 MG cells. Our findings indicate the possible involvement of the mitoBKCa channel in mitochondria activities in which changes in membrane tension and shape play a crucial role, such as fusion/fission and cristae remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Walewska
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogusz Kulawiak
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Koprowski
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dai J, Wu P, Xu S, Li Y, Zhu Y, Wang L, Wang C, Zhou P, Shi H. Changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure in SH-SY5Y cells during apoptosis induced by hemin. Neuroreport 2018; 28:551-554. [PMID: 28489664 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic stroke is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Hemin is a decomposition product of hemoglobin that is related to neuronal apoptosis after hemorrhage, although the molecular basis for this association remains unclear. To address this issue, the present study investigated hemin-induced changes in the apoptotic index and mitochondrial ultrastructure in SH-SY5Y cells. Cell viability was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 and by terminal transferase dUTP nick-end labeling, western blotting, and flow cytometry. Changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure were examined by super-resolution three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy. We found that cleaved-caspase-3 expression and the number of apoptotic cells increased in a time-dependent manner upon hemin treatment, which was associated with mitochondrial fragmentation. Our data suggest that hemin induces apoptosis and mitochondrial fission in neuronal cells. Thus, therapeutic strategies that target hemin could mitigate the damage caused by hemorrhagic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mitochondrial BK Channel Openers CGS7181 and CGS7184 Exhibit Cytotoxic Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020353. [PMID: 29370072 PMCID: PMC5855575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium channel openers (KCOs) have been shown to play a role in cytoprotection through the activation of mitochondrial potassium channels. Recently, in several reports, a number of data has been described as off-target actions for KCOs. In the present study, we investigated the effects of BKCa channel openers CGS7181, CGS7184, NS1619, and NS004 in neuronal cells. For the purpose of this research, we used a rat brain, the mouse hippocampal HT22 cells, and the human astrocytoma U-87 MG cell line. We showed that CGS7184 activated the mitochondrial BKCa (mitoBKCa) channel in single-channel recordings performed on astrocytoma mitoplasts. Moreover, when applied to the rat brain homogenate or isolated rat brain mitochondria, CGS7184 increased the oxygen consumption rate, and can thus be considered a potentially cytoprotective agent. However, experiments on intact neuronal HT22 cells revealed that both CGS7181 and CGS7184 induced HT22 cell death in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. By contrast, we did not observe cell death when NS1619 or NS004 was applied. CGS7184 toxicity was not abolished by BKCa channel inhibitors, suggesting that the observed effects were independent of a BKCa-type channel activity. CGS7184 treatment resulted in an increase of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration that likely involved efflux from internal calcium stores and the activation of calpains (calcium-dependent proteases). The cytotoxic effect of the channel opener was partially reversed by a calpain inhibitor. Our data show that KCOs under study not only activate mitoBKCa channels from brain tissue, but also induce cell death when used in cellular models.
Collapse
|
24
|
Laskowski M, Augustynek B, Kulawiak B, Koprowski P, Bednarczyk P, Jarmuszkiewicz W, Szewczyk A. What do we not know about mitochondrial potassium channels? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1247-1257. [PMID: 26951942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize our knowledge about mitochondrial potassium channels, with a special focus on unanswered questions in this field. The following potassium channels have been well described in the inner mitochondrial membrane: ATP-regulated potassium channel, Ca(2+)-activated potassium channel, the voltage-gated Kv1.3 potassium channel, and the two-pore domain TASK-3 potassium channel. The primary functional roles of these channels include regulation of mitochondrial respiration and the alteration of membrane potential. Additionally, they modulate the mitochondrial matrix volume and the synthesis of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria. Mitochondrial potassium channels are believed to contribute to cytoprotection and cell death. In this paper, we discuss fundamental issues concerning mitochondrial potassium channels: their molecular identity, channel pharmacology and functional properties. Attention will be given to the current problems present in our understanding of the nature of mitochondrial potassium channels. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'EBEC 2016: 19th European Bioenergetics Conference, Riva del Garda, Italy, July 2-6, 2016', edited by Prof. Paolo Bernardi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Laskowski
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Augustynek
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogusz Kulawiak
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Koprowski
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Bednarczyk
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Belyaeva EA. The effect of modulators of large-conductance Ca2+-modulated K+ channels on rat AS-30D ascites hepatoma cells and isolated liver mitochondria treated with Cd2+. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093015040018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
26
|
Hermann A, Sitdikova GF, Weiger TM. Oxidative Stress and Maxi Calcium-Activated Potassium (BK) Channels. Biomolecules 2015; 5:1870-911. [PMID: 26287261 PMCID: PMC4598779 DOI: 10.3390/biom5031870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
All cells contain ion channels in their outer (plasma) and inner (organelle) membranes. Ion channels, similar to other proteins, are targets of oxidative impact, which modulates ion fluxes across membranes. Subsequently, these ion currents affect electrical excitability, such as action potential discharge (in neurons, muscle, and receptor cells), alteration of the membrane resting potential, synaptic transmission, hormone secretion, muscle contraction or coordination of the cell cycle. In this chapter we summarize effects of oxidative stress and redox mechanisms on some ion channels, in particular on maxi calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels which play an outstanding role in a plethora of physiological and pathophysiological functions in almost all cells and tissues. We first elaborate on some general features of ion channel structure and function and then summarize effects of oxidative alterations of ion channels and their functional consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Hermann
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria.
| | - Guzel F Sitdikova
- Department of Physiology of Man and Animals, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia.
| | - Thomas M Weiger
- Department of Cell Biology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kaczara P, Motterlini R, Rosen GM, Augustynek B, Bednarczyk P, Szewczyk A, Foresti R, Chlopicki S. Carbon monoxide released by CORM-401 uncouples mitochondrial respiration and inhibits glycolysis in endothelial cells: A role for mitoBKCa channels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1297-309. [PMID: 26185029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO), a product of heme degradation by heme oxygenases, plays an important role in vascular homeostasis. Recent evidence indicates that mitochondria are among a number of molecular targets that mediate the cellular actions of CO. In the present study we characterized the effects of CO released from CORM-401 on mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in intact human endothelial cells using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry and the Seahorse XF technology. We found that CORM-401 (10-100μM) induced a persistent increase in the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) that was accompanied by inhibition of glycolysis (extracellular acidification rate, ECAR) and a decrease in ATP-turnover. Furthermore, CORM-401 increased proton leak, diminished mitochondrial reserve capacity and enhanced non-mitochondrial respiration. Inactive CORM-401 (iCORM-401) neither induced mitochondrial uncoupling nor inhibited glycolysis, supporting a direct role of CO in the endothelial metabolic response induced by CORM-401. Interestingly, blockade of mitochondrial large-conductance calcium-regulated potassium ion channels (mitoBKCa) with paxilline abolished the increase in OCR promoted by CORM-401 without affecting ECAR; patch-clamp experiments confirmed that CO derived from CORM-401 activated mitoBKCa channels present in mitochondria. Conversely, stabilization of glycolysis by MG132 prevented CORM-401-mediated decrease in ECAR but did not modify the OCR response. In summary, we demonstrated in intact endothelial cells that CO induces a two-component metabolic response: uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration dependent on the activation of mitoBKCa channels and inhibition of glycolysis independent of mitoBKCa channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Kaczara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-348, Poland.
| | - Roberto Motterlini
- INSERM U955, Equipe 12, Créteil, 94000, France; University Paris-Est, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil, 94000, France.
| | - Gerald M Rosen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Bartlomiej Augustynek
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw 02-093, Poland.
| | - Piotr Bednarczyk
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw 02-776, Poland.
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw 02-093, Poland.
| | - Roberta Foresti
- INSERM U955, Equipe 12, Créteil, 94000, France; University Paris-Est, Faculty of Medicine, Créteil, 94000, France.
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-348, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Szewczyk A, Jarmuszkiewicz W, Koziel A, Sobieraj I, Nobik W, Lukasiak A, Skup A, Bednarczyk P, Drabarek B, Dymkowska D, Wrzosek A, Zablocki K. Mitochondrial mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:704-10. [PMID: 26321271 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells play an important physiological role in vascular homeostasis. They are also the first barrier that separates blood from deeper layers of blood vessels and extravascular tissues. Thus, they are exposed to various physiological blood components as well as challenged by pathological stimuli, which may exert harmful effects on the vascular system by stimulation of excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The major sources of ROS are NADPH oxidase and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. Modulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism in endothelial cells is thought to be a promising target for therapy in various cardiovascular diseases. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is a regulator of mitochondrial ROS generation and can antagonise oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction. Several studies have revealed the important role of UCP2 in hyperglycaemia-induced modifications of mitochondrial function in endothelial cells. Additionally, potassium fluxes through the inner mitochondrial membrane, which are involved in ROS synthesis, affect the mitochondrial volume and change both the mitochondrial membrane potential and the transport of calcium into the mitochondria. In this review, we concentrate on the mitochondrial role in the cytoprotection phenomena of endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Koziel
- Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Izabela Sobieraj
- Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wioletta Nobik
- Department of Bioenergetics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lukasiak
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Agata Skup
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Piotr Bednarczyk
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Beata Drabarek
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Dorota Dymkowska
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Antoni Wrzosek
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Zablocki
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warszawa, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Leo A, Citraro R, Constanti A, De Sarro G, Russo E. Are big potassium-type Ca2+-activated potassium channels a viable target for the treatment of epilepsy? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:911-26. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1026258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
30
|
Balderas E, Zhang J, Stefani E, Toro L. Mitochondrial BKCa channel. Front Physiol 2015; 6:104. [PMID: 25873902 PMCID: PMC4379900 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in a glioma cell line 15 years ago, mitochondrial BKCa channel (mitoBKCa) has been studied in brain cells and cardiomyocytes sharing general biophysical properties such as high K+ conductance (~300 pS), voltage-dependency and Ca2+-sensitivity. Main advances in deciphering the molecular composition of mitoBKCa have included establishing that it is encoded by the Kcnma1 gene, that a C-terminal splice insert confers mitoBKCa ability to be targeted to cardiac mitochondria, and evidence for its potential coassembly with β subunits. Notoriously, β1 subunit directly interacts with cytochrome c oxidase and mitoBKCa can be modulated by substrates of the respiratory chain. mitoBKCa channel has a central role in protecting the heart from ischemia, where pharmacological activation of the channel impacts the generation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial Ca2+ preventing cell death likely by impeding uncontrolled opening of the mitochondrial transition pore. Supporting this view, inhibition of mitoBKCa with Iberiotoxin, enhances cytochrome c release from glioma mitochondria. Many tantalizing questions remain open. Some of them are: how is mitoBKCa coupled to the respiratory chain? Does mitoBKCa play non-conduction roles in mitochondria physiology? Which are the functional partners of mitoBKCa? What are the roles of mitoBKCa in other cell types? Answers to these questions are essential to define the impact of mitoBKCa channel in mitochondria biology and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Balderas
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Deparment of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Enrico Stefani
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ligia Toro
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Deparment of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Peers C, Boyle JP. Oxidative modulation of K+ channels in the central nervous system in neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:505-21. [PMID: 25333910 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative stress and damage are well-established components of neurodegenerative diseases, contributing to neuronal death during disease progression. Here, we consider key K(+) channels as target proteins that can undergo oxidative modulation, describe what is understood about how this influences disease progression, and consider regulation of these channels by gasotransmitters as a means of cellular protection. RECENT ADVANCES Oxidative regulation of the delayed rectifier Kv2.1 and the Ca(2+)- and voltage-sensitive BK channel are established, but recent studies contest how their redox sensitivity contributes to altered excitability, progression of neurodegenerative diseases, and healthy aging. CRITICAL ISSUES Both Kv2.1 and BK channels have recently been established as target proteins for regulation by the gasotransmitters carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide. Establishing the molecular basis of such regulation, and exactly how this influences excitability and vulnerability to apoptotic cell death will determine whether such regulation can be exploited for therapeutic benefit. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Developing a more comprehensive picture of the oxidative modulation of K(+) channels (and, indeed, other ion channels) within the central nervous system in health and disease will enable us to better understand processes associated with healthy aging as well as distinct processes underlying progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Advances in the growing understanding of how gasotransmitters can regulate ion channels, including redox-sensitive K(+) channels, are a research priority for this field, and will establish their usefulness in design of future approaches for the treatment of such diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Peers
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds , Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|