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Xiong G, Jean I, Farrugia AM, Metheny H, Johnson BN, Cohen NA, Cohen AS. Temporal and structural sensitivities of major biomarkers for detecting neuropathology after traumatic brain injury in the mouse. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1339262. [PMID: 38356651 PMCID: PMC10865493 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1339262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in teenagers to young adults. In recent decades, different biomarkers and/or staining protocols have been employed to evaluate the post-injury development of pathological structures, but they have produced many contradictory findings. Since correctly identifying the underlying neuroanatomical changes is critical to advancing TBI research, we compared three commonly used markers for their ability to detect TBI pathological structures: Fluoro-Jade C, the rabbit monoclonal antibody Y188 against amyloid precursor protein and the NeuroSilver kit were used to stain adjacent slices from naïve or injured mouse brains harvested at different time points from 30 min to 3 months after lateral fluid percussion injury. Although not all pathological structures were stained by all markers at all time points, we found damaged neurons and deformed dendrites in gray matter, punctate and perivascular structures in white matter, and axonal blebs and Wallerian degeneration in both gray and white matter. The present study demonstrates the temporal and structural sensitivities of the three biomarkers: each marker is highly effective for a set of pathological structures, each of which in turn emerges at a particular time point. Furthermore, the different biomarkers showed different abilities at detecting identical types of pathological structures. In contrast to previous studies that have used a single biomarker at a single time range, the present report strongly recommends that a combination of different biomarkers should be adopted and different time points need to be checked when assessing neuropathology after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ian Jean
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anthony M. Farrugia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hannah Metheny
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brian N. Johnson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Noam A. Cohen
- Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology−Head and Neck Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Akiva S. Cohen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Huang YN, Greig NH, Huang PS, Chiang YH, Hoffer A, Yang CH, Tweedie D, Chen Y, Ou JC, Wang JY. Pomalidomide Improves Motor Behavioral Deficits and Protects Cerebral Cortex and Striatum Against Neurodegeneration Through a Reduction of Oxidative/Nitrosative Damages and Neuroinflammation After Traumatic Brain Injury. Cell Transplant 2024; 33:9636897241237049. [PMID: 38483119 PMCID: PMC10943757 DOI: 10.1177/09636897241237049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuronal damage resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes disruption of neuronal projections and neurotransmission that contribute to behavioral deficits. Cellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is an early event following TBI. ROS often damage DNA, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates while RNS attack proteins. The products of lipid peroxidation 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and protein nitration 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) are often used as indicators of oxidative and nitrosative damages, respectively. Increasing evidence has shown that striatum is vulnerable to damage from TBI with a disturbed dopamine neurotransmission. TBI results in neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and autophagy in the striatum and contribute to motor or behavioral deficits. Pomalidomide (Pom) is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved immunomodulatory drug clinically used in treating multiple myeloma. We previously showed that Pom reduces neuroinflammation and neuronal death induced by TBI in rat cerebral cortex. Here, we further compared the effects of Pom in cortex and striatum focusing on neurodegeneration, oxidative and nitrosative damages, as well as neuroinflammation following TBI. Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to a controlled cortical impact were used as the animal model of TBI. Systemic administration of Pom (0.5 mg/kg, intravenous [i.v.]) at 5 h post-injury alleviated motor behavioral deficits, contusion volume at 24 h after TBI. Pom alleviated TBI-induced neurodegeneration stained by Fluoro-Jade C in both cortex and striatum. Notably, Pom treatment reduces oxidative and nitrosative damages in cortex and striatum and is more efficacious in striatum (93% reduction in 4-HNE-positive and 84% reduction in 3-NT-positive neurons) than in cerebral cortex (42% reduction in 4-HNE-positive and 55% reduction in 3-NT-positive neurons). In addition, Pom attenuated microgliosis, astrogliosis, and elevations of proinflammatory cytokines in cortical and striatal tissue. We conclude that Pom may contribute to improved motor behavioral outcomes after TBI through targeting oxidative/nitrosative damages and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ni Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Department of Nursing, Hsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Taoyuan City
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pen-Sen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Alan Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Ju-Chi Ou
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
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Xiong G, Metheny H, Hood K, Jean I, Farrugia AM, Johnson BN, Tummala SR, Cohen NA, Cohen AS. Detection and verification of neurodegeneration after traumatic brain injury in the mouse: Immunohistochemical staining for amyloid precursor protein. Brain Pathol 2023; 33:e13163. [PMID: 37156643 PMCID: PMC10580020 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies of human traumatic brain injury (TBI) have shown diffuse axonal injury as varicosities or spheroids in white matter (WM) bundles when using immunoperoxidase-ABC staining with 22C11, a mouse monoclonal antibody against amyloid precursor protein (APP). These findings have been interpreted as TBI-induced axonal pathology. In a mouse model of TBI however, when we used immunofluorescent staining with 22C11, as opposed to immunoperoxidase staining, we did not observe varicosities or spheroids. To explore this discrepancy, we performed immunofluorescent staining with Y188, an APP knockout-validated rabbit monoclonal that shows baseline immunoreactivity in neurons and oligodendrocytes of non-injured mice, with some arranged-like varicosities. In gray matter after injury, Y188 intensely stained axonal blebs. In WM, we encountered large patches of heavily stained puncta, heterogeneous in size. Scattered axonal blebs were also identified among these Y188-stained puncta. To assess the neuronal origin of Y188 staining after TBI we made use of transgenic mice with fluorescently labeled neurons and axons. A close correlation was observed between Y188-stained axonal blebs and fluorescently labeled neuronal cell bodies/axons. By contrast, no correlation was observed between Y188-stained puncta and fluorescent axons in WM, suggesting that these puncta in WM did not originate from axons, and casting further doubt on the nature of previous reports with 22C11. As such, we strongly recommend Y188 as a biomarker for detecting damaged neurons and axons after TBI. With Y188, stained axonal blebs likely represent acute axonal truncations that may lead to death of the parent neurons. Y188-stained puncta in WM may indicate damaged oligodendrocytes, whose death and clearance can result in secondary demyelination and Wallerian degeneration of axons. We also provide evidence suggesting that 22C11-stained varicosities or spheroids previously reported in TBI patients might be showing damaged oligodendrocytes, due to a cross-reaction between the ABC kit and upregulated endogenous biotin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Hannah Metheny
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kaitlin Hood
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Neuroscience Graduate GroupUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ian Jean
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Anthony M. Farrugia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Brian N. Johnson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Shanti R. Tummala
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied SciencesUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Noam A. Cohen
- Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryPerelman School of Medicine, University of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Akiva S. Cohen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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Hong YR, Lee EH, Park KS, Han M, Kim KT, Park J. Ultrasound stimulation improves inflammatory resolution, neuroprotection, and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3636. [PMID: 35256617 PMCID: PMC8901758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with limited functional recovery. Despite advances in neuroscience, realistic therapeutic treatments for SCI remain unavailable. In this study, the effects of non-invasive ultrasound (US) treatment on behavior and inflammatory responses were evaluated in a rat model of SCI. Adult female Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to spinal cord contusion injury. Two different US parameters (SCIU5: 5% and SCIU40: 40% duty cycle) were applied, and their effects on behavioral recovery after SCI were quantified. Tissue and neuronal responses were detected. Immunofluorescence was used to detect inflammatory markers. In the rat model of SCI, motor function was more effectively restored, and the lesion cavity area was smaller in the SCIU5 group. Furthermore, the SCIU5 protocol elicited an anti-inflammatory response at the injury site by reducing degenerative FJC-labeled neurons, macrophage/microglia activation, and infiltration. Thus, the lesion area decreased, and tissue density increased. Meanwhile, the SCIU40 protocol did not improve motor function or induce an anti-inflammatory response at the injury site. The SCIU5 protocol effectively accelerated the rate of improved exercise performance in the rat model while reducing inflammation. Accordingly, appropriate US stimulation may represent a promising treatment modality for SCI with beneficial anti-inflammatory effects.
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Dilimulati D, Zhang L, Duan Y, Jia F. Effects of Injury Severity and Brain Temperature on KAT6A Expression after Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. BIO INTEGRATION 2022. [DOI: 10.15212/bioi-2022-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with a range of neural changes. A comprehensive understanding of the injury-induced lysine acetyltransferase 6A (KAT6A) response, particularly the temporal profile of biochemical alterations, is crucial to design effective therapeutic interventions.Methods: Experiments were performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The influence of post-traumatic hypothermia (32°C) or hyperthermia (39°C) on the temporal and regional expression profiles of KAT6A was assessed after moderate or severe TBI. qPCR and western blotting were used to determine the expression of KAT6A in different groups.Results: In the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres, significantly lower protein and mRNA expression of KAT6A was found after TBI than sham injury. Moreover, two expression minima of KAT6A were observed in the cortex and hippocampus of the ipsilateral hemisphere. A decrease in injury severity was associated with lower levels of KAT6A mRNA at 12 h and protein at 24 h, but KAT6A mRNA at 48 h and protein at 72 h had alterations. Compared with normothermia and hyperthermia, post-traumatic hypothermia intensified the decrease in KAT6A at both the mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, hyperthermia, as compared with normothermia, did not significantly affect the levels of KAT6A mRNA at 12 h and protein at 24 h, but triggered a significant increase in levels of KAT6A mRNA at 24 h and protein at 72 h. Furthermore, an overall upregulation of KAT6A after TBI was associated with greater injury severity in a time-dependent manner.Conclusions: Post-traumatic hypothermia plays a key role in the regulation of KAT6A expression and thus may at least partially explain the phenotype of post-traumatic temperature in secondary injury after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilirebati Dilimulati
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yourong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, People’s Republic of China
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17β-Estradiol Abrogates Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation after Cortical Stab Wound Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111682. [PMID: 34829553 PMCID: PMC8615181 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions in brain energy metabolism, oxidative damage, and neuroinflammation are commonly seen in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Microglial activation is the hallmark of neuroinflammation. After brain injury, microglia also act as a double-edged sword with distinctive phenotypic changes. Therefore, therapeutic applications to potentiate microglia towards pro-inflammatory response following brain injury have become the focus of attention in recent years. Here, in the current study, we investigated the hypothesis that 17β-estradiol could rescue the mouse brain against apoptotic cell death and neurodegeneration by suppressing deleterious proinflammatory response probably by abrogating metabolic stress and oxidative damage after brain injury. Male C57BL/6N mice were used to establish a cortical stab wound injury (SWI) model. Immediately after brain injury, the mice were treated with 17β-estradiol (10 mg/kg, once every day via i.p. injection) for one week. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analysis was performed to examine the cortical and hippocampal brain regions. For the evaluation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), we used specific kits. Our findings revealed that 17β-estradiol treatment significantly alleviated SWI-induced energy dyshomeostasis and oxidative stress by increasing the activity of phospho-AMPK (Thr172) and by regulating the expression of an antioxidant gene (Nrf2) and cytoprotective enzymes (HO-1 and GSH) to mitigate ROS. Importantly, 17β-estradiol treatment downregulated gliosis and proinflammatory markers (iNOS and CD64) while significantly augmenting an anti-inflammatory response as evidenced by the robust expression of TGF-β and IGF-1 after brain injury. The treatment with 17β-estradiol also reduced inflammatory mediators (Tnf-α, IL-1β, and COX-2) in the injured mouse. Moreover, 17β-estradiol administration rescued p53-associated apoptotic cell death in the SWI model by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins (Bax and Bcl-2) and caspase-3 activation. Finally, SWI + 17β-estradiol-treated mice illustrated reduced brain lesion volume and enhanced neurotrophic effect and the expression of synaptic proteins. These findings suggest that 17β-estradiol is an effective therapy against the brain secondary injury-induced pathological cascade following trauma, although further studies may be conducted to explore the exact mechanisms.
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Li Z, Zhang H, Cao C, Qian T, Li H. Gangliosides combined with mild hypothermia provides neuroprotection in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. Neuroreport 2021; 32:1113-1121. [PMID: 34284446 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major cause of disability and death in modern society. In this study, we explored the neuroprotection role of the combination of gangliosides (GM) and mild hypothermia (MH) and the potential effect on oxidative stress injuries in a rat model of TBI. All 50 rats were randomized to five groups: (1) NC group: undergoing surgery without hit; (2) TBI group: undergoing surgery with hit; (3) GM group: TBI treated with gangliosides; (4) MHT group: TBI treated with MH; (5) GM+MHT group: TBI treated with gangliosides and MH. Spatial learning impairments, neurological function injury, Evans Blue leakage, brain MRI and oxidative stress injuries were assessed. The protein levels of Cleaved-caspase 3 and CytC were also detected. Both GM and MHT could rescue TBI-induced spatial learning impairments, improve neurological function injury and brain edema. In addition, the combination of them has a better therapeutic effect. Through the MRI, we found that compared with the TBI group, the brain tissue edema area of GM group, MHT group, and GM+MHT group was smaller, the occupancy effect was weakened, and the midline was slightly shifted. Compared with the GM group and MHT group, these changes in the GM+MHT group were much smaller. GM combined with MH-alleviated TBI-induced oxidative stress injuries and apoptosis. Our study reveals that GM and MH potentially provide neuroprotection via the suppression of oxidative stress injuries and apoptosis after TBI in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University
| | - Cangzhu Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University
| | - Tao Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hebei General Hospital, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University
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3,6'-Dithiopomalidomide Ameliorates Hippocampal Neurodegeneration, Microgliosis and Astrogliosis and Improves Cognitive Behaviors in Rats with a Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158276. [PMID: 34361041 PMCID: PMC8348060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. It can instigate immediate cell death, followed by a time-dependent secondary injury that results from disproportionate microglial and astrocyte activation, excessive inflammation and oxidative stress in brain tissue, culminating in both short- and long-term cognitive dysfunction and behavioral deficits. Within the brain, the hippocampus is particularly vulnerable to a TBI. We studied a new pomalidomide (Pom) analog, namely, 3,6′-dithioPom (DP), and Pom as immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiD) for mitigating TBI-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration, microgliosis, astrogliosis and behavioral impairments in a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI in rats. Both agents were administered as a single intravenous dose (0.5 mg/kg) at 5 h post injury so that the efficacies could be compared. Pom and DP significantly reduced the contusion volume evaluated at 24 h and 7 days post injury. Both agents ameliorated short-term memory deficits and anxiety behavior at 7 days after a TBI. The number of degenerating neurons in the CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus after a TBI was reduced by Pom and DP. DP, but not Pom, significantly attenuated the TBI-induced microgliosis and DP was more efficacious than Pom at attenuating the TBI-induced astrogliosis in CA1 and DG at 7D after a TBI. In summary, a single intravenous injection of Pom or DP, given 5 h post TBI, significantly reduced hippocampal neurodegeneration and prevented cognitive deficits with a concomitant attenuation of the neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.
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Sun J, Li X, Gu X, Du H, Zhang G, Wu J, Wang F. Neuroprotective effect of hydrogen sulfide against glutamate-induced oxidative stress is mediated via the p53/glutaminase 2 pathway after traumatic brain injury. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7180-7189. [PMID: 33640879 PMCID: PMC7993660 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Several reports suggest that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exerts multiple biological and physiological effects on the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the exact molecular mechanism involved in this effect is not yet fully known. In this study, we found that H2S alleviated TBI-induced motor and spatial memory deficits, brain pathology, and brain edema. Moreover, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), an H2S donor, treatment markedly increased the expression of Bcl-2, while inhibited the expression of Bax and Cleaved caspase-3 in TBI-challenged rats. Tunnel staining also demonstrated these results. Treatment with NaHS significantly reduced the glutamate and glutaminase 2 (GLS-2) protein levels, and glutamate-mediated oxidative stress in TBI-challenged rats. Furthermore, we demonstrated that H2S treatment inhibited glutamate-mediated oxidative stress through the p53/GLS-2 pathway. Therefore, our results suggested that H2S protects brain injury induced by TBI through modulation of the glutamate-mediated oxidative stress in the p53/GLS-2 pathway-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Gengshen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Jianliang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, P.R. China
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Liu SC, Zhang M, Gan P, Yu HF, Ding CF, Zhang RP, He ZY, Hu WY. Wip1 phosphatase deficiency impairs spatial learning and memory. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:1309-1314. [PMID: 33051059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Spatial learning and memory are typically assessed to evaluate hippocampus-dependent cognitive and memory functions in vivo. Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by kinases and phosphatases play critical roles in spatial learning and memory. Here we report that the Wip1 phosphatase is essential for spatial learning, with knockout mice lacking Wip1 phosphatase exhibiting dysfunctional spatial cognition. Aberrant phosphorylation of the Wip1 substrates p38, ATM, and p53 were observed in the hippocampi of Wip1-/- mice, but only p38 inhibition reversed impairments in long-term potentiation in Wip1-knockout mice. p38 inhibition consistently ameliorated the spatial learning dysfunction caused by Wip1 deficiency. Our results demonstrate that deletion of Wip1 phosphatase impairs hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory, with aberrant downstream p38 phosphorylation involved in this process and providing a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Cheng Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650228, China; Second Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650228, China
| | - Ping Gan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hao-Fei Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Cai-Feng Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Rong-Ping Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhi-Yong He
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650228, China.
| | - Wei-Yan Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650228, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Buyandelger B, Bar EE, Hung KS, Chen RM, Chiang YH, Liou JP, Huang HM, Wang JY. Histone deacetylase inhibitor MPT0B291 suppresses Glioma Growth in vitro and in vivo partially through acetylation of p53. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:3184-3199. [PMID: 33162824 PMCID: PMC7645997 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have emerged as a new class of anti-tumor agents for various types of tumors, including glioblastoma. Methods and results: We found that a novel HDAC inhibitor, MPT0B291, significantly reduced the cell viability and increased cell death of human and rat glioma cell lines, but not in normal astrocytes. We also demonstrated that MPT0B291 suppressed proliferation by inducing G1 phase cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis in human and rat glioma cell lines by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. We further investigated the anti-tumor effects of MPT0B291 in xenograft (mouse) and allograft (rat) models. The IVIS200 images and histological analysis indicated MPT0B291 (25 mg/kg, p. o.) reduced tumor volume. Mechanistically, MPT0B291 increased phosphorylation and acetylation/activation of p53 and increased mRNA levels of the apoptosis related genes PUMA, Bax, and Apaf1 as well as increased protein level of PUMA, Apaf1 in C6 cell line. The expression of cell cycle related gene p21 was also increased and Cdk2, Cdk4 were decreased by MPT0B291. Conclusion: Our study highlights the anti-tumor efficacy of a novel compound MPT0B291 on glioma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batsaikhan Buyandelger
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, 14210 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Eli E Bar
- Department of Pathology and Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 21201 Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kuo-Sheng Hung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 116 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Mei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, 110 Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Lin CT, Lecca D, Yang LY, Luo W, Scerba MT, Tweedie D, Huang PS, Jung YJ, Kim DS, Yang CH, Hoffer BJ, Wang JY, Greig NH. 3,6'-dithiopomalidomide reduces neural loss, inflammation, behavioral deficits in brain injury and microglial activation. eLife 2020; 9:e54726. [PMID: 32589144 PMCID: PMC7375814 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes mortality and disability worldwide. It can initiate acute cell death followed by secondary injury induced by microglial activation, oxidative stress, inflammation and autophagy in brain tissue, resulting in cognitive and behavioral deficits. We evaluated a new pomalidomide (Pom) analog, 3,6'-dithioPom (DP), and Pom as immunomodulatory agents to mitigate TBI-induced cell death, neuroinflammation, astrogliosis and behavioral impairments in rats challenged with controlled cortical impact TBI. Both agents significantly reduced the injury contusion volume and degenerating neuron number evaluated histochemically and by MRI at 24 hr and 7 days, with a therapeutic window of 5 hr post-injury. TBI-induced upregulated markers of microglial activation, astrogliosis and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, iNOS, COX-2, and autophagy-associated proteins were suppressed, leading to an amelioration of behavioral deficits with DP providing greater efficacy. Complementary animal and cellular studies demonstrated DP and Pom mediated reductions in markers of neuroinflammation and α-synuclein-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Tung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Daniela Lecca
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Ling-Yu Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Weiming Luo
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Michael T Scerba
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Pen-Sen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yoo-Jin Jung
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Dong Seok Kim
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
- AevisBio IncGaithersburgUnited States
- AevisBio IncDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreUnited States
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13
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Fouda MA, Leffler KE, Abdel-Rahman AA. Estrogen-dependent hypersensitivity to diabetes-evoked cardiac autonomic dysregulation: Role of hypothalamic neuroinflammation. Life Sci 2020; 250:117598. [PMID: 32243927 PMCID: PMC7202046 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate if autonomic dysregulation is exacerbated in female rats, subjected to diabetes mellitus (DM), via a paradoxical estrogen (E2)-evoked provocation of neuroinflammation/injury of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). MAIN METHODS We measured cardiac autonomic function and conducted subsequent PVN neurochemical studies, in DM rats, and their respective controls, divided as follows: male, sham operated (SO), ovariectomized (OVX), and OVX with E2 supplementation (OVX/E2). KEY FINDINGS Autonomic dysregulation, expressed as sympathetic dominance (higher low frequency, LF, band), only occurred in DM E2-replete (SO and OVX/E2) rats, and was associated with higher neuronal activity (c-Fos) and higher levels of TNFα and phosphorylated death associated protein kinase-3 (p-DAPK3) in the PVN. These proinflammatory molecules likely contributed to the heightened PVN oxidative stress, injury and apoptosis. The PVN of these E2-replete DM rats also exhibited upregulations of estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, and proinflammatory adenosine A1 and A2a receptors. SIGNIFICANCE The E2-dependent autonomic dysregulation likely predisposes DM female rats and women to hypersensitivity to cardiac dysfunction. Further, upregulations of proinflammatory mediators including adenosine A1 and A2 receptors, TNFα and DAPK3, conceivably explain the paradoxical hypersensitivity of DM females to PVN inflammation/injury and the subsequent autonomic dysregulation in the presence of E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Fouda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, United States of America
| | - Korin E Leffler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, United States of America
| | - Abdel A Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, United States of America.
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14
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Greig NH, Lecca D, Hsueh SC, Nogueras-Ortiz C, Kapogiannis D, Tweedie D, Glotfelty EJ, Becker RE, Chiang YH, Hoffer BJ. (-)-Phenserine tartrate (PhenT) as a treatment for traumatic brain injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 26:636-649. [PMID: 31828969 PMCID: PMC7248544 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality of both young adults and the elderly, and is a key contributing factor in about 30% of all injury‐associated deaths occurring within the United States of America. Albeit substantial impact has been made to improve our comprehension of the mechanisms that underpin the primary and secondary injury stages initiated by a TBI incident, this knowledge has yet to successfully translate into the development of an effective TBI pharmacological treatment. Developing consent suggests that a TBI can concomitantly trigger multiple TBI‐linked cascades that then progress in parallel and, if correct, the multifactorial nature of TBI would make the discovery of a single effective mechanism‐targeted drug unlikely. Discussion We review recent data indicating that the small molecular weight drug (−)‐phenserine tartrate (PhenT), originally developed for Alzheimer's disease (AD), effectively inhibits a broad range of mechanisms pertinent to mild (m) and moderate (mod)TBI, which in combination underpin the ensuing cognitive and motor impairments. In cellular and animal models at clinically translatable doses, PhenT mitigated mTBI‐ and modTBI‐induced programmed neuronal cell death (PNCD), oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and effectively reversed injury‐induced gene pathways leading to chronic neurodegeneration. In addition to proving efficacious in well‐characterized animal TBI models, significantly mitigating cognitive and motor impairments, the drug also has demonstrated neuroprotective actions against ischemic stroke and the organophosphorus nerve agent and chemical weapon, soman. Conclusion In the light of its tolerability in AD clinical trials, PhenT is an agent that can be fast‐tracked for evaluation in not only civilian TBI, but also as a potentially protective agent in battlefield conditions where TBI and chemical weapon exposure are increasingly jointly occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel H Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniela Lecca
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shih-Chang Hsueh
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Carlos Nogueras-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Tweedie
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elliot J Glotfelty
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert E Becker
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Aristea Translational Medicine Corporation, Park City, UT, USA
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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15
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Yang LY, Greig NH, Tweedie D, Jung YJ, Chiang YH, Hoffer BJ, Miller JP, Chang KH, Wang JY. The p53 inactivators pifithrin-μ and pifithrin-α mitigate TBI-induced neuronal damage through regulation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, autophagy and mitophagy. Exp Neurol 2019; 324:113135. [PMID: 31778663 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of death and disability worldwide. We investigated whether inhibition of p53 using pifithrin (PFT)-α or PFT-μ provides neuroprotective effects via p53 transcriptional dependent or -independent mechanisms, respectively. Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to controlled cortical impact TBI followed by the administration of PFTα or PFT-μ (2 mg/kg, i.v.) at 5 h after TBI. Brain contusion volume, as well as sensory and motor functions were evaluated at 24 h after TBI. TBI-induced impairments were mitigated by both PFT-α and PFT-μ. Fluoro-Jade C staining was used to label degenerating neurons within the TBI-induced cortical contusion region that, together with Annexin V positive neurons, were reduced by PFT-μ. Double immunofluorescence staining similarly demonstrated that PFT-μ significantly increased HO-1 positive neurons and mRNA expression in the cortical contusion region as well as decreased numbers of 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE)-positive cells. Levels of mRNA encoding for p53, autophagy, mitophagy, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory related genes and proteins were measured by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. PFT-α, but not PFT-μ, significantly lowered p53 mRNA expression. Both PFT-α and PFT-μ lowered TBI-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) mRNA levels as well as TBI-induced autophagic marker localization (LC3 and p62). Finally, treatment with PFT-μ mitigated TBI-induced declines in mRNA levels of PINK-1 and SOD2. Our data suggest that both PFT-μ and PFT-α provide neuroprotective actions through regulation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, autophagy, and mitophagy mechanisms, and that PFT-μ, in particular, holds promise as a TBI treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yoo Jin Jung
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jonathan P Miller
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ke-Hui Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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16
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Evran S, Calis F, Akkaya E, Baran O, Cevik S, Katar S, Gurevin EG, Hanimoglu H, Hatiboglu MA, Armutak EI, Karatas E, Kocyigit A, Kaynar MY. The effect of high mobility group box-1 protein on cerebral edema, blood-brain barrier, oxidative stress and apoptosis in an experimental traumatic brain injury model. Brain Res Bull 2019; 154:68-80. [PMID: 31715313 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the important reason of morbidity and mortality. While the primary injury due to mechanical impact is unavoidable, the secondary injury which is formed as a result of primary injury and thought to occur due to neuroinflammation in the forefront can be prevented and by this way mortality and morbidity can be reduced. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a protein that triggers the neuroinflammatory process by being released from the nucleus of necrotic tissues after primary injury. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of HMGB1 on its receptors TLR4 and RAGE, cerebral edema, blood-brain barrier, oxidative stress and apoptosis causing secondary damage in an experimental traumatic brain injury model. Weighing between 280-320 g, 10 to 12 weeks-old, a total of 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the experiments. The rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: 1) Control, 2) TBI and 3) TBI + ethyl pyruvate group (n = 10 per group). Right parietal cortical contusion was made by using a weight-dropping TBI method. Brain samples were harvested from pericontusional area at 24 h after TBI. HMGB1, TLR4, RAGE, occludin, claudin-5, ZO-1 levels are investigated by western blot analyses and immunohistochemistry examinations. HMGB-1, TLR4 and RAGE expressions increased after TBI. Major tight junction proteins in the blood-brain barrier: occludin, claudin-5 and ZO-1 expressions decreased after TBI. Brain edema increased after TBI. Also, proapoptotic bax and active caspase 3 expressions increased, antiapoptotic bcl-2 levels decreased after TBI. Total oxidant status and oxidative stress increased, total antioxidant status decreased after TBI. HMGB-1 protein plays a key role in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevket Evran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haseki Research and Training Hospital, Medical Faculty, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Calis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goztepe Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Enes Akkaya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Research and Training Hospital, Medical Faculty, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguz Baran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haseki Research and Training Hospital, Medical Faculty, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Cevik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Salim Katar
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Diyarbakir State Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Ebru Gurel Gurevin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Hanimoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Aziz Hatiboglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Ilkay Armutak
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ersin Karatas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahim Kocyigit
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yasar Kaynar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Becker RE, Greig NH, Lahiri DK, Bledsoe J, Majercik S, Ballard C, Aarsland D, Schneider LS, Flanagan D, Govindarajan R, Sano M, Ferrucci L, Kapogiannis D. (-)-Phenserine and Inhibiting Pre-Programmed Cell Death: In Pursuit of a Novel Intervention for Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 15:883-891. [PMID: 29318971 DOI: 10.2174/1567205015666180110120026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concussion (mild) and other moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) share overlapping neuropathologies, including neuronal pre-programmed cell death (PPCD), and clinical impairments and disabilities. Multiple clinical trials targeting mechanisms based on the Amyloid Hypothesis of AD have so far failed, indicating that it is prudent for new drug developments to also pursue mechanisms independent of the Amyloid Hypothesis. To address these issues, we have proposed the use of an animal model of concussion/TBI as a supplement to AD transgenic mice to provide an indication of an AD drug candidate's potential for preventing PPCD and resulting progression towards dementia in AD. METHODS We searched PubMed/Medline and the references of identified articles for background on the neuropathological progression of AD and its implications for drug target identification, for AD clinical trial criteria used to assess disease modification outcomes, for plasma biomarkers associated with AD and concussion/TBI, neuropathologies and especially PPCD, and for methodological critiques of AD and other neuropsychiatric clinical trial methods. RESULTS We identified and address seven issues and highlight the Thal-Sano AD 'Time to Onset of Impairment' Design for possible applications in our clinical trials. Diverse and significant pathological cascades and indications of self-induced neuronal PPCD were found in concussion/TBI, anoxia, and AD animal models. To address the dearth of peripheral markers of AD and concussion/TBI brain pathologies and PPCD we evaluated Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) enriched for neuronal origin, including exosomes. In our concussion/TBI, anoxia and AD animal models we found evidence consistent with the presence of time-dependent PPCD and (-)-phenserine suppression of neuronal self-induced PPCD. We hence developed an extended controlled release formulation of (-)-phenserine to provide individualized dosing and stable therapeutic brain concentrations, to pharmacologically interrogate PPCD as a drug development target. To address the identified problems potentially putting any clinical trial at risk of failure, we developed exploratory AD and concussion/TBI clinical trial designs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings inform the biomarker indication of progression of pathological targets in neurodegenerations and propose a novel approach to these conditions through neuronal protection against self-induced PPCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Becker
- Aristea Translational Medicine Corporation, Park City, UT 84098, United States.,Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Debomoy K Lahiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Joseph Bledsoe
- Surgery-Emergency Medicine, Stanford Medicine and Department of Emergency Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT 84157, United States
| | - Sarah Majercik
- Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, United States
| | - Clive Ballard
- Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, United Kingdom
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Lon S Schneider
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Gerontology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Douglas Flanagan
- College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | | | - Mary Sano
- Department of Psychiatry and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, United States
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore MD, 21224, United States
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18
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Pifithrin-Alpha Reduces Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity in Cultured Dopaminergic Neurons. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:347-356. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00050-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Glotfelty EJ, Delgado TE, Tovar-y-Romo LB, Luo Y, Hoffer BJ, Olson L, Karlsson TE, Mattson MP, Harvey BK, Tweedie D, Li Y, Greig NH. Incretin Mimetics as Rational Candidates for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:66-91. [PMID: 31396586 PMCID: PMC6687335 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is becoming an increasing public health issue. With an annually estimated 1.7 million TBIs in the United States (U.S) and nearly 70 million worldwide, the injury, isolated or compounded with others, is a major cause of short- and long-term disability and mortality. This, along with no specific treatment, has made exploration of TBI therapies a priority of the health system. Age and sex differences create a spectrum of vulnerability to TBI, with highest prevalence among younger and older populations. Increased public interest in the long-term effects and prevention of TBI have recently reached peaks, with media attention bringing heightened awareness to sport and war related head injuries. Along with short-term issues, TBI can increase the likelihood for development of long-term neurodegenerative disorders. A growing body of literature supports the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and glucagon (Gcg) receptor (R) agonists, along with unimolecular combinations of these therapies, for their potent neurotrophic/neuroprotective activities across a variety of cellular and animal models of chronic neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) and acute cerebrovascular disorders (stroke). Mild or moderate TBI shares many of the hallmarks of these conditions; recent work provides evidence that use of these compounds is an effective strategy for its treatment. Safety and efficacy of many incretin-based therapies (GLP-1 and GIP) have been demonstrated in humans for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), making these compounds ideal for rapid evaluation in clinical trials of mild and moderate TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot J. Glotfelty
- Translational
Gerontology Branch, and Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural
Research Program, National Institute on
Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas E. Delgado
- Translational
Gerontology Branch, and Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural
Research Program, National Institute on
Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Luis B. Tovar-y-Romo
- Division
of Neuroscience, Institute of Cellular Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yu Luo
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Barry J. Hoffer
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University
School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Lars Olson
- Department
of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mark P. Mattson
- Translational
Gerontology Branch, and Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural
Research Program, National Institute on
Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Brandon K. Harvey
- Molecular
Mechanisms of Cellular Stress and Inflammation Unit, Integrative Neuroscience
Department, National Institute on Drug Abuse,
National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - David Tweedie
- Translational
Gerontology Branch, and Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural
Research Program, National Institute on
Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Yazhou Li
- Translational
Gerontology Branch, and Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural
Research Program, National Institute on
Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Translational
Gerontology Branch, and Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural
Research Program, National Institute on
Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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20
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Batsaikhan B, Wang JY, Scerba MT, Tweedie D, Greig NH, Miller JP, Hoffer BJ, Lin CT, Wang JY. Post-Injury Neuroprotective Effects of the Thalidomide Analog 3,6'-Dithiothalidomide on Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030502. [PMID: 30682785 PMCID: PMC6387371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Long-term deficits after TBI arise not only from the direct effects of the injury but also from ongoing processes such as neuronal excitotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is known to contribute to these processes. We have previously shown that 3,6′-dithiothalidomide (3,6′-DT), a thalidomide analog that is more potent than thalidomide with similar brain penetration, selectively inhibits the synthesis of TNF-α in cultured cells and reverses behavioral impairments induced by mild TBI in mice. In the present study, we further explored the therapeutic potential of 3,6′-DT in an animal model of moderate TBI using Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to controlled cortical impact. A single dose of 3,6′-DT (28 mg/kg, i.p.) at 5 h after TBI significantly reduced contusion volume, neuronal degeneration, neuronal apoptosis and neurological deficits at 24 h post-injury. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the contusion regions were also suppressed at the transcription and translation level by 3,6′-DT. Notably, neuronal oxidative stress was also suppressed by 3,6′-DT. We conclude that 3,6′-DT may represent a potential therapy to ameliorate TBI-induced functional deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyandelger Batsaikhan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Ya Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Michael T Scerba
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Jonathan P Miller
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Chih-Tung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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Exploring Pharmacological Mechanisms of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction in the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury via a Network Pharmacology Approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8916938. [PMID: 30402137 PMCID: PMC6193325 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8916938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XFZYD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the underlying pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to explore the potential action mechanisms of XFZYD in the treatment of TBI and to elucidate the combination principle of this herbal formula. Methods A network pharmacology approach including ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) evaluation, target prediction, known therapeutic targets collection, network construction, and molecule docking was used in this study. Results A total of 119 bioactive ingredients from XFZYD were predicted to act on 47 TBI associated specific proteins which intervened in several crucial pathological processes including apoptosis, inflammation, antioxidant, and axon genesis. Almost each of the bioactive ingredients targeted more than one protein. The molecular docking simulation showed that 91 pairs of chemical components and candidate targets had strong binding efficiencies. The “Jun”, “Chen”, and “Zuo-Shi” herbs from XFZYD triggered their specific targets regulation, respectively. Conclusion Our work successfully illuminates the “multicompounds, multitargets” therapeutic action of XFZYD in the treatment of TBI by network pharmacology with molecule docking method. The present work may provide valuable evidence for further clinical application of XFZYD as therapeutic strategy for TBI treatment.
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Turcato F, Kim P, Barnett A, Jin Y, Scerba M, Casey A, Selman W, Greig NH, Luo Y. Sequential combined Treatment of Pifithrin-α and Posiphen Enhances Neurogenesis and Functional Recovery After Stroke. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:607-621. [PMID: 29871513 PMCID: PMC6041885 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718766328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Although cerebral ischemia can activate endogenous reparative processes, such as
proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ)
and subgranular zone (SGZ), the majority of these new cells die shortly after injury and
do not appropriately differentiate into neurons, or migrate and functionally integrate
into the brain. The purpose of this study was to examine a novel strategy for treatment
of stroke after injury by optimizing the survival of ischemia-induced endogenous NSCs in
the SVZ and SGZ. Methods: Adult SVZ and SGZ NSCs were grown as neurospheres in culture and treated with a p53
inactivator, pifithrin-α (PFT-α), and an amyloid precursor protein (APP)-lowering drug,
posiphen, and effects on neurosphere number, size and neuronal differentiation were
evaluated. This combined sequential treatment approach was then evaluated in mice
challenged with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Locomotor behavior and
cognition were evaluated at 4 weeks, and the number of new surviving neurons was
quantified in nestin creERT2-YFP mice. Results: PFT-α and posiphen enhanced the self-renewal, proliferation rate and neuronal
differentiation of adult SVZ and SGZ NSCs in culture. Their sequential combination in
mice challenged with MCAo-induced stroke mitigated locomotor and cognitive impairments
and increased the survival of SVZ and SGZ NSCs cells. PFT-α and the combined
posiphen+PFT-α treatment similarly improved locomotion behavior in stroke challenged
mice. Notably, however, the combined treatment provided significantly more potent
cognitive function enhancement in stroke mice, as compared with PFT-α single
treatment. Interpretation: Delayed combined sequential treatment with an inhibitor of p53 dependent apoptosis
(PFT-α) and APP synthesis (posiphen) proved able to enhance stroke-induced endogenous
neurogenesis and improve the functional recovery in stroke animals. Whereas the combined
sequential treatment provided no further improvement in locomotor function, as compared
with PFT-α alone treatment, suggesting a potential ceiling in the locomotion behavioral
outcome in stroke animals, combined treatment more potently augmented cognitive function
recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Turcato
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.,2 Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paul Kim
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Austin Barnett
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Yongming Jin
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Mike Scerba
- 3 National Institute of Aging, Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, USA
| | - Anthony Casey
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Warren Selman
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- 3 National Institute of Aging, Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, USA
| | - Yu Luo
- 1 Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
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Becker RE, Kapogiannis D, Greig NH. Does traumatic brain injury hold the key to the Alzheimer's disease puzzle? Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:431-443. [PMID: 29245000 PMCID: PMC5958613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurodegenerative disorders have been a graveyard for hundreds of well-intentioned efforts at drug discovery and development. Concussion and other traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) share many overlapping pathologies and possible clinical links. METHODS We searched the literature since 1995 using MEDLINE and Google Scholar for the terms concussion, AD, and shared neuropathologies. We also studied a TBI animal model as a supplement to transgenic (Tg) mouse AD models for evaluating AD drug efficacy by preventing neuronal losses. To evaluate TBI/AD pathologies and neuronal self-induced cell death (apoptosis), we are studying brain extracellular vesicles in plasma and (-)-phenserine pharmacology to probe, in animal models of AD and humans, apoptosis and pathways common to concussion and AD. RESULTS Neuronal cell death and a diverse and significant pathological cascade follow TBIs. Many of the developing pathologies are present in early AD. The use of an animal model of concussion as a supplement to Tg mice provides an indication of an AD drug candidate's potential for preventing apoptosis and resulting progression toward dementia in AD. This weight drop supplementation to Tg mouse models, the experimental drug (-)-phenserine, and plasma-derived extracellular vesicles enriched for neuronal origin to follow biomarkers of neurodegenerative processes, each and in combination, show promise as tools useful for probing the progression of disease in AD, TBI/AD pathologies, apoptosis, and drug effects on rates of apoptosis both preclinically and in humans. (-)-Phenserine both countered many subacute post-TBI pathologies that could initiate clinical AD and, in the concussion and other animal models, showed evidence consistent with direct inhibition of neuronal preprogrammed cell death in the presence of TBI/AD pathologies. DISCUSSION These findings may provide support for expanding preclinical Tg mouse studies in AD with a TBI weight drop model, insights into the progression of pathological targets, their relations to apoptosis, and timing of interventions against these targets and apoptosis. Such studies may demonstrate the potential for drugs to effectively and safely inhibit preprogrammed cell death as a new drug development strategy for use in the fight to defeat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Becker
- Aristea Translational Medicine Corporation, Park City, UT, USA; Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Neuroprotective effects of pifithrin-α against traumatic brain injury in the striatum through suppression of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2368. [PMID: 29402897 PMCID: PMC5799311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical and hippocampal neuronal damages caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) are associated with motor and cognitive impairments; however, only little attention paid to the striatal damage. It is known that the p53 tumor-suppressor transcription factor participated in TBI-induced secondary brain damage. We investigated how the p53 inactivator pifithrin (PFT)-α affected TBI-induced striatal neuronal damage at 24 h post-injury. Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to a controlled cortical impact were used as TBI models. We observed that p53 mRNA significantly increased, whereas p53 protein expression was distributed predominantly in neurons but not in glia cells in striatum after TBI. PFT-α improved motor deficit following TBI. PFT-α suppressed TBI-induced striatal glial activation and expression of proinflammatory cytokines. PFT-α alleviated TBI-induced oxidative damage TBI induced autophagy was evidenced by increased protein expression of Beclin-1 and shift of microtubule-associated light chain (LC)3-I to LC3-II, and decreased p62. These effects were reduced by PFT-α. Post-injury PFT-α treatment reduced the number of degenerating (FJC-positive) and apoptotic neurons. Our results suggest that PFT-α may provide neuroprotective effects via p53-dependent or -independent mechanisms depending on the cell type and timing after the TBI and can possibly be developed into a novel therapy to ameliorate TBI-induced neuronal damage.
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25
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Fouda MA, El-Sayed SS, Abdel-Rahman AA. Restoration of Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Cystathionine- γ Lyase Activity Underlies Moxonidine-Evoked Neuroprotection and Sympathoinhibition in Diabetic Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 364:170-178. [PMID: 29133386 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.243865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated a fundamental role for cystathionine-γ lyase (CSE)-derived hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the cardioprotective effect of the centrally acting drug moxonidine in diabetic rats. Whether a downregulated CSE/H2S system in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) underlies neuronal oxidative stress and sympathoexcitation in diabetes has not been investigated. Along with addressing this question, we tested the hypothesis that moxonidine prevents the diabetes-evoked neurochemical effects by restoring CSE/H2S function within its major site of action, the RVLM. Ex vivo studies were performed on RVLM tissues of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.) diabetic rats treated daily for 3 weeks with moxonidine (2 or 6 mg/kg; gavage), H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) (3.4 mg/kg, i.p.), CSE inhibitor DL-propargylglycine (DLP) (37.5 mg/kg, i.p.), a combination of DLP with moxonidine, or their vehicle. Moxonidine alleviated RVLM oxidative stress, neuronal injury, and increased tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (sympathoexcitation) by restoring CSE expression/activity as well as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. A pivotal role for H2S in moxonidine-evoked neuroprotection is supported by the following: 1) NaHS replicated the moxonidine-evoked neuroprotection, and the restoration of RVLM HO-1 expression in diabetic rats; and 2) DLP abolished moxonidine-evoked neuroprotection in diabetic rats, and caused RVLM neurotoxicity, reminiscent of a diabetes-evoked neuronal phenotype, in healthy rats. These findings suggest a novel role for RVLM CSE/H2S/HO-1 in moxonidine-evoked neuroprotection and sympathoinhibition, and as a therapeutic target for developing new drugs for alleviating diabetes-evoked RVLM neurotoxicity and cardiovascular anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Fouda
- Department of Pharmacology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Shaimaa S El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Abdel A Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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26
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Chen YX, Zhu DY, Yin JH, Yin WJ, Zhang YL, Ding H, Yu XW, Mei J, Gao YS, Zhang CQ. The protective effect of PFTα on alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100691-100707. [PMID: 29246013 PMCID: PMC5725055 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have shown alcohol plays a pivotal role in the development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). The aim of this study was to explore the underlying mechanism of alcohol-induced ONFH and the protective effect of pifithrin-α (PFTα). In vitro, we found ethanol treatment significantly activated p53, suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling and inhibited osteogenic-related proteins. Furthermore, by separating the cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins, we found ethanol inhibited osteogenesis by impairing the accumulation of β-catenin in both the cytoplasm and nucleus in human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), which resulted from activating glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Therefore, PFTα, a p53 inhibitor, was introduced in this study to block the ethanol-triggered activation of p53 in hBMSCs and alcohol-induced ONFH in a rat model. In vivo, we established alcohol-induced ONFH in rats and investigated the protective effect of PFTα. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining combined with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemical staining, and micro-CT images revealed substantial ONFH in the alcohol-administered rats, whereas significantly less osteonecrosis developed in the rats injected with PFTα. Osteogenic-related proteins, including osteocalcin, osteopontin and collagen I, were significantly decreased in the alcohol-administered rats, whereas these results were reversed in the PFTα-injected rats. Fluorochrome labeling similarly showed that alcohol significantly reduced the osteogenic activity in the rat femoral head, which was blocked by the injection of PFTα. In conclusion, PFTα had an antagonistic effect against the effects of ethanol on hBMSCs and could be a clinical strategy to prevent the development of alcohol-induced ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Dao-Yu Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jun-Hui Yin
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yue-Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jiong Mei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - You-Shui Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chang-Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai 200233, China
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Gerbatin RDR, Cassol G, Dobrachinski F, Ferreira APO, Quines CB, Pace IDD, Busanello GL, Gutierres JM, Nogueira CW, Oliveira MS, Soares FA, Morsch VM, Fighera MR, Royes LFF. Guanosine Protects Against Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Functional Impairments and Neuronal Loss by Modulating Excitotoxicity, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Inflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7585-7596. [PMID: 27830534 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common types of brain injuries that cause death or persistent neurological disturbances in survivors. Most of the promising experimental drugs were not effective in clinical trials; therefore, the development of TBI drugs represents a huge unmet need. Guanosine, an endogenous neuroprotective nucleoside, has not been evaluated in TBI to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effect of guanosine on TBI-induced neurological damage. Our findings showed that a single dose of guanosine (7.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected 40 min after fluid percussion injury (FPI) in rats protected against locomotor and exploratory impairments 8 h after injury. The treatment also protected against neurochemical damage to the ipsilateral cortex, glutamate uptake, Na+/K+-ATPase, glutamine synthetase activity, and alterations in mitochondrial function. The inflammatory response and brain edema were also reduced by this nucleoside. In addition, guanosine protected against neuronal death and caspase 3 activation. Therefore, this study suggests that guanosine plays a neuroprotective role in TBI and can be exploited as a new pharmacological strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério da Rosa Gerbatin
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Cassol
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dobrachinski
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula O Ferreira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline B Quines
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Iuri D Della Pace
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Busanello
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessié M Gutierres
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina W Nogueira
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauro S Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurotoxicidade e Psicofarmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Félix A Soares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera M Morsch
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Michele R Fighera
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando F Royes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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28
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Tweedie D, Rachmany L, Kim DS, Rubovitch V, Lehrmann E, Zhang Y, Becker KG, Perez E, Pick CG, Greig NH. Mild traumatic brain injury-induced hippocampal gene expressions: The identification of target cellular processes for drug development. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 272:4-18. [PMID: 26868732 PMCID: PMC4977213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI) poses short-term or long-lasting health issues for family members and health care providers. Presently there are no approved medicines to treat TBI. Epidemiological evidence suggests that TBI may cause neurodegenerative disease later in life. In an effort to illuminate target cellular processes for drug development, we examined the effects of a mild TBI on hippocampal gene expression in mouse. METHODS mTBI was induced in a closed head, weight drop-system in mice (ICR). Animals were anesthetized and subjected to mTBI (30g). Fourteen days after injury the ipsilateral hippocampus was utilized for cDNA gene array studies. mTBI animals were compared with sham-operated animals. Genes regulated by TBI were identified to define TBI-induced physiological/pathological processes. mTBI regulated genes were divided into functional groupings to provide gene ontologies. Genes were further divided to identify molecular/cellular pathways regulated by mTBI. RESULTS Numerous genes were regulated after a single mTBI event that mapped to many ontologies and molecular pathways related to inflammation and neurological physiology/pathology, including neurodegenerative disease. CONCLUSIONS These data illustrate diverse transcriptional changes in hippocampal tissues triggered by a single mild injury. The systematic analysis of individual genes that lead to the identification of functional categories, such as gene ontologies and then molecular pathways, illustrate target processes of relevance to TBI pathology. These processes may be further dissected to identify key factors that can be evaluated at the protein level to highlight possible treatments for TBI in human disease and potential biomarkers of neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tweedie
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Lital Rachmany
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dong Seok Kim
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Peptron Inc., 37-24, Yuseong-daero 1628 beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Vardit Rubovitch
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Laboratory of Genetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kevin G Becker
- Laboratory of Genetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Evelyn Perez
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Chaim G Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Hoffer BJ. Editorial. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 272:1-3. [PMID: 27344236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry J Hoffer
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, United States.
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Yang LY, Greig NH, Huang YN, Hsieh TH, Tweedie D, Yu QS, Hoffer BJ, Luo Y, Kao YC, Wang JY. Post-traumatic administration of the p53 inactivator pifithrin-α oxygen analogue reduces hippocampal neuronal loss and improves cognitive deficits after experimental traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 96:216-226. [PMID: 27553877 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus has been detected after TBI. The hippocampal dysfunction may result in cognitive deficits in learning, memory, and spatial information processing. Our previous studies demonstrated that a p53 inhibitor, pifithrin-α oxygen analogue (PFT-α (O)), significantly reduced cortical cell death, which is substantial following controlled cortical impact (CCI) TBI, and improved neurological functional outcomes via anti-apoptotic mechanisms. In the present study, we examined the effect of PFT-α (O) on CCI TBI-induced hippocampal cellular pathophysiology in light of this brain region's role in memory. To investigate whether p53-dependent apoptosis plays a role in hippocampal neuronal loss and associated cognitive deficits and to define underlying mechanisms, SD rats were subjected to experimental CCI TBI followed by the administration of PFT-α or PFT-α (O) (2mg/kg, i.v.) or vehicle at 5h after TBI. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were acquired at 24h and 7days post-injury to assess evolving structural hippocampal damage. Fluoro-Jade C was used to stain hippocampal sub-regions, including CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG), for cellular degeneration. Neurological functions, including motor and recognition memory, were assessed by behavioral tests at 7days post injury. p53, p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), cyclooxygenase-IV (COX IV), annexin V and NeuN were visualized by double immunofluorescence staining with cell-specific markers. Levels of mRNA encoding for caspase-3, p53, PUMA, Bcl-2, Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured by RT-qPCR. Our results showed that post-injury administration of PFT-α and, particularly, PFT-α (O) at 5h dramatically reduced injury volumes in the ipsilateral hippocampus, improved motor outcomes, and ameliorated cognitive deficits at 7days after TBI, as evaluated by novel object recognition and open-field test. PFT-α and especially PFT-α (O) significantly reduced the number of FJC-positive cells in hippocampus CA1 and DG subregions, versus vehicle treatment, and significantly decreased caspase-3 and PUMA mRNA expression. PFT-α (O), but not PFT-α, treatment significantly lowered p53 and elevated SOD2 mRNA expression. Double immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that PFT-α (O) treatment decreased p53, annexin V and 4-HNE positive neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region. Furthermore, PUMA co-localization with the mitochondrial maker COX IV, and the upregulation of PUMA were inhibited by PFT-α (O) after TBI. Our data suggest that PFT-α and especially PFT-α (O) significantly reduce hippocampal neuronal degeneration, and ameliorate neurological and cognitive deficits in vivo via antiapoptotic and antioxidative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ya-Ni Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Hsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsun Hsieh
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qian-Sheng Yu
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yu-Chieh Kao
- Translational Imaging Research Center and Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Wang JY, Huang YN, Chiu CC, Tweedie D, Luo W, Pick CG, Chou SY, Luo Y, Hoffer BJ, Greig NH, Wang JY. Pomalidomide mitigates neuronal loss, neuroinflammation, and behavioral impairments induced by traumatic brain injury in rat. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:168. [PMID: 27353053 PMCID: PMC4924242 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health concern that typically causes emotional disturbances and cognitive dysfunction. Secondary pathologies following TBI may be associated with chronic neurodegenerative disorders and an enhanced likelihood of developing dementia-like disease in later life. There are currently no approved drugs for mitigating the acute or chronic effects of TBI. METHODS The effects of the drug pomalidomide (Pom), an FDA-approved immunomodulatory agent, were evaluated in a rat model of moderate to severe TBI induced by controlled cortical impact. Post-TBI intravenous administration of Pom (0.5 mg/kg at 5 or 7 h and 0.1 mg/kg at 5 h) was evaluated on functional and histological measures that included motor function, fine more coordination, somatosensory function, lesion volume, cortical neurodegeneration, neuronal apoptosis, and the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6). RESULTS Pom 0.5 mg/kg administration at 5 h, but not at 7 h post-TBI, significantly mitigated the TBI-induced injury volume and functional impairments, neurodegeneration, neuronal apoptosis, and cytokine mRNA and protein induction. To evaluate underlying mechanisms, the actions of Pom on neuronal survival, microglial activation, and the induction of TNF-α were assessed in mixed cortical cultures following a glutamate challenge. Pom dose-dependently ameliorated glutamate-mediated cytotoxic effects on cell viability and reduced microglial cell activation, significantly attenuating the induction of TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS Post-injury treatment with a single Pom dose within 5 h significantly reduced functional impairments in a well-characterized animal model of TBI. Pom decreased the injury lesion volume, augmented neuronal survival, and provided anti-inflammatory properties. These findings strongly support the further evaluation and optimization of Pom for potential use in clinical TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ya Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei, 110 Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ni Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei, 110 Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Hsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Chi Chiu
- Department of General Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan and Liouying, Taiwan
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Weiming Luo
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Chaim G. Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Szu-Yi Chou
- Graduate Program on Neuroregeneration, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Barry J. Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei, 110 Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei, 110 Taiwan
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Tweedie D, Fukui K, Li Y, Yu QS, Barak S, Tamargo IA, Rubovitch V, Holloway HW, Lehrmann E, Wood WH, Zhang Y, Becker KG, Perez E, Van Praag H, Luo Y, Hoffer BJ, Becker RE, Pick CG, Greig NH. Cognitive Impairments Induced by Concussive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mouse Are Ameliorated by Treatment with Phenserine via Multiple Non-Cholinergic and Cholinergic Mechanisms. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156493. [PMID: 27254111 PMCID: PMC4890804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), often caused by a concussive impact to the head, affects an estimated 1.7 million Americans annually. With no approved drugs, its pharmacological treatment represents a significant and currently unmet medical need. In our prior development of the anti-cholinesterase compound phenserine for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, we recognized that it also possesses non-cholinergic actions with clinical potential. Here, we demonstrate neuroprotective actions of phenserine in neuronal cultures challenged with oxidative stress and glutamate excitotoxicity, two insults of relevance to TBI. These actions translated into amelioration of spatial and visual memory impairments in a mouse model of closed head mild TBI (mTBI) two days following cessation of clinically translatable dosing with phenserine (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg BID x 5 days initiated post mTBI) in the absence of anti-cholinesterase activity. mTBI elevated levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), a marker of oxidative stress. Phenserine counteracted this by augmenting homeostatic mechanisms to mitigate oxidative stress, including superoxide dismutase [SOD] 1 and 2, and glutathione peroxidase [GPx], the activity and protein levels of which were measured by specific assays. Microarray analysis of hippocampal gene expression established that large numbers of genes were exclusively regulated by each individual treatment with a substantial number of them co-regulated between groups. Molecular pathways associated with lipid peroxidation were found to be regulated by mTBI, and treatment of mTBI animals with phenserine effectively reversed injury-induced regulations in the ‘Blalock Alzheimer’s Disease Up’ pathway. Together these data suggest that multiple phenserine-associated actions underpin this compound’s ability to ameliorate cognitive deficits caused by mTBI, and support the further evaluation of the compound as a therapeutic for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tweedie
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Koji Fukui
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
- Division of Bioscience and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 3378570, Japan
| | - Yazhou Li
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Qian-sheng Yu
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Shani Barak
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | - Ian A. Tamargo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Vardit Rubovitch
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | - Harold W. Holloway
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - William H. Wood
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Kevin G. Becker
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Evelyn Perez
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Henriette Van Praag
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Barry J. Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Becker
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
- Independent Researcher, 7123 Pinebrook Road, Park City, UT 94098, United States of America
| | - Chaim G. Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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33
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Novel pharmaceutical treatments for minimal traumatic brain injury and evaluation of animal models and methodologies supporting their development. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 272:69-76. [PMID: 26868733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The need for effective pharmaceuticals within animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) continues to be paramount, as TBI remains the major cause of brain damage for children and young adults. While preventative measures may act to reduce the incidence of initial blunt trauma, well-tolerated drugs are needed to target the neurologically damaging internal cascade of molecular mechanisms that follow. Such processes, known collectively as the secondary injury phase, include inflammation, excitotoxicity, and apoptosis among other changes still subject to research. In this article positive treatment findings to mitigate this secondary injury in rodent TBI models will be overviewed, and include recent studies on Exendin-4, N-Acetyl-l-cycteine, Salubrinal and Thrombin. CONCLUSIONS These studies provide representative examples of methodologies that can be combined with widely available in vivo rodent models to evaluate therapeutic approaches of translational relevance, as well as drug targets and biochemical cascades that may slow or accelerate the degenerative processes induced by TBI. They employ well-characterized tests such as the novel object recognition task for assessing cognitive deficits. The application of such methodologies provides both decision points and a gateway for implementation of further translational studies to establish the feasibility of clinical efficacy of potential therapeutic interventions.
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34
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Chen C, Qincao L, Xu J, Du S, Huang E, Liu C, Lin Z, Xie WB, Wang H. Role of PUMA in methamphetamine-induced neuronal apoptosis. Toxicol Lett 2015; 240:149-60. [PMID: 26524635 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to methamphetamine (METH), a widely used illicit drug, has been shown to cause neuron apoptosis. p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) is a key mediator in neuronal apoptosis. This study aimed to examine the effects of PUMA in METH-induced neuronal apoptosis. We determined PUMA protein expression in PC12 cells and SH-SY5Y cells after METH exposure using western blot. We also observed the effect of METH on neuronal apoptosis after silencing PUMA expression with siRNA using TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. Additionally, to investigate possible mechanisms of METH-induced PUMA-mediated neuronal apoptosis, we measured the protein expression of apoptotic markers, including cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, Bax, B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and cytochrome c (cyto c), after METH treatment with or without PUMA knockdown. Results showed that METH exposure induced cell apoptosis, increased PUMA protein levels, activated caspase-3 and PARP, elevated Bax and reduced Bcl-2 expression, as well as increased the release of cyto c from mitochondria to the cytoplasm in both PC12 and SH-SY5Y cells. All these effects were attenuated or reversed after silencing PUMA. A schematic depicting the role of PUMA in METH-induced mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was proposed. Our results suggest that PUMA plays an important role in METH-triggered apoptosis and it may be a potential target for ameliorating neuronal injury and apoptosis caused by METH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxiang Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Litao Qincao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtao Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihao Du
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Enping Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou 510030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Wei-Bing Xie
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huijun Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.
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