1
|
Marks K, Ahn SJ, Rai N, Anfray A, Iadecola C, Anrather J. A minimally invasive thrombotic stroke model to study circadian rhythm in awake mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.10.598243. [PMID: 38915621 PMCID: PMC11195071 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.10.598243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Experimental stroke models in rodents are essential for mechanistic studies and therapeutic development. However, these models have several limitations negatively impacting their translational relevance. Here we aimed to develop a minimally invasive thrombotic stroke model through magnetic particle delivery that does not require craniotomy, is amenable to reperfusion therapy, can be combined with in vivo imaging modalities, and can be performed in awake mice. We found that the model results in reproducible cortical infarcts within the middle cerebral artery (MCA) with cytologic and immune changes similar to that observed with more invasive distal MCA occlusion models. Importantly, the injury produced by the model was ameliorated by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administration. We also show that MCA occlusion in awake animals results in bigger ischemic lesions independent of day/night cycle. Magnetic particle delivery had no overt effects on physiologic parameters and systemic immune biomarkers. In conclusion, we developed a novel stroke model in mice that fulfills many requirements for modeling human stroke.
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen Q, Wu M, Tang Q, Yan P, Zhu L. Age-Related Alterations in Immune Function and Inflammation: Focus on Ischemic Stroke. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1046-1074. [PMID: 37728582 PMCID: PMC11081165 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging of the global population poses significant scientific challenges. Moreover, the biological process of aging is the most significant risk factor for most chronic illnesses; therefore, understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these aging-related challenges is crucial for extending the healthy lifespan of older individuals. Preventing brain aging remains a priority public health goal, and integrative and comprehensive aging analyses have revealed that immunosenescence is a potential cause of age-related brain damage and disease (e.g., stroke). Importantly, the neuroinflammatory and immune systems present two-way contact and thus can affect each other. Emerging evidence supports the numerous effects of immunosenescence- and inflammation-mediated immunity in neurologically injured brains. In this study, we briefly outline how aging alters the pathophysiology and transcriptional amplitude in patients who experienced stroke and then discuss how the immune system and its cellular components and molecular mechanisms are affected by age after stroke. Finally, we highlight emerging interventions with the potential to slow down or reduce aging and prevent stroke onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Minmin Wu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Peiyu Yan
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Luwen Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu X, Dang L, Zhang R, Yang W. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the PERK Signaling Pathway in Ischemic Stroke. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:353. [PMID: 38543139 PMCID: PMC10974972 DOI: 10.3390/ph17030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Many pathologic states can lead to the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in cells. This causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), which encompasses three main adaptive branches. One of these UPR branches is mediated by protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), an ER stress sensor. The primary consequence of PERK activation is the suppression of global protein synthesis, which reduces ER workload and facilitates the recovery of ER function. Ischemic stroke induces ER stress and activates the UPR. Studies have demonstrated the involvement of the PERK pathway in stroke pathophysiology; however, its role in stroke outcomes requires further clarification. Importantly, considering mounting evidence that supports the therapeutic potential of the PERK pathway in aging-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases, this pathway may represent a promising therapeutic target in stroke. Therefore, in this review, our aim is to discuss the current understanding of PERK in ischemic stroke, and to summarize pharmacologic tools for translational stroke research that targets PERK and its associated pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Yang
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3094, 303 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Yang H, Hou S, Xia Y, Wang YQ. Influence of the brain‑gut axis on neuroinflammation in cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:30. [PMID: 38299236 PMCID: PMC10852013 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke, a debilitating cerebrovascular ailment, poses significant threats to human life and health. The intricate interplay between the gut‑brain‑microbiota axis (GBMA) and cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion has increasingly become a focal point of scientific exploration, emerging as a pivotal research avenue in stroke pathophysiology. In the present review, the authors delved into the nexus between the GBMA and neuroinflammation observed post‑stroke. The analysis underscored the pivotal roles of histone deacetylase 3 and neutrophil extracellular traps subsequent to stroke incidents. The influence of gut microbial compositions and their metabolites, notably short‑chain fatty acids and trimethylamine N‑oxide, on neuroinflammatory processes, was further elucidated. The involvement of immune cells, especially regulatory T‑cells, and the intricate signaling cascades including cyclic GMP‑AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes/Toll‑like receptor, further emphasized the complex regulatory mechanisms of GBMA in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI). Collectively, the present review offered a comprehensive perspective on the metabolic, immune and inflammatory modulations orchestrated by GBMA, augmenting the understanding of its role in neuroinflammation following CI/RI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology II, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Hou
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Yulei Xia
- Department of Neurology II, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurology II, The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo YS, Bi X. Enriched environment enhanced the astrocyte-derived BDNF and VEGF expression and alleviate white matter injuries of rats with ischemic stroke. Neurol Res 2024; 46:272-283. [PMID: 38145566 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2298136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Numerous studies have shown that an enriched environment can promote ischemic stroke and improve cognitive function. In addition, white matter is closely related to cognitive function. The effects and mechanisms of the enriched environment on white matter recovery after stroke have not been elucidated. This study will analyse the effects of the enriched environment on white matter and cognitive function in the post-stroke brain from the perspective of astrocytes and their secretions. METHODS Stroke models were used for middle cerebral artery occlusion model. post-operative rats were divided into sham-operated, standard and enriched environment groups. The degree of cerebral infarction was assessed by TTC staining and the degree of white matter damage was assessed by Luxol-Fast Blue staining. The prognosis after stroke was assessed using the longa score and Morris water maze test. Western Blot and immunofluorescence were used to quantify and localize astrocytes and their associated secretory factors and myelin protein markers. RESULTS We found that ischemic stroke can cause severe demyelination. After EE treatment, there was a significant increase in cerebral remyelination and a significant improvement in neurological and cognitive functions. Astrocyte, BDNF, and VEGF expression were significantly higher than in rats in the standard circumstances of stroke model. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the enriched environment contributes to brain white matter recovery and improvement of cognitive function after stroke. The mechanism is related to astrocytes and their secretions. EE can activate astrocytes to secrete BDNF and VEGF, which may be crucial to promote white matter recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sha Guo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Affiliated Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of rehabilitation medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Bi
- Department of rehabilitation medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao X, Wang Z, Wang J, Xu F, Zhang Y, Han D, Fang W. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice by regulating microglia polarization via A20/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111396. [PMID: 38134597 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, resident brain immune cells, is critical in inflammation, apoptosis, neurogenesis and neurological recovery during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), a novel identified endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducible neurotrophic factor, can alleviate I/R injury by reducing the inflammatory reaction, but its specific regulatory mechanism on microglia after ischemic stroke has not been fully clarified. To mimic the process of ischemia/reperfusion in vivo and in vitro, middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) was induced in C57BL/6J mice and oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model was established in BV-2 cells. Moreover, MANF small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to silence the expression of endogenous MANF, while recombination human MANF protein (rhMANF) acted as an exogenous supplement. Seventy-two hours after MCAO/R, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium staining, neurological scores, brain water content, immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescent staining, flow cytometry, hematoxylin and eosin staining, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot are applied to evaluate the protective effect and possible mechanism of MANF on cerebral I/R injury. In vitro, cell viability, inflammatory cytokines and the expression of MANF, A20, NF-κB and the markers of microglia were analyzed. The results showed that MANF decreased brain infarct volume, neurological scores, and brain water content. In addition, MANF promoted the polarization of microglia to an anti-inflammatory phenotype both in vivo and in vitro, which are related to A20/NF-κB pathway. In summary, MANF may offer novel therapeutic approaches for ischemic stroke in the process of microglia polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Fenglian Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, China.
| | - Weirong Fang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zeng Y, Xue T, Zhang D, Lv M. Transcriptomic Analysis of lncRNAs and their mRNA Networks in Cerebral Ischemia in Young and Aged Mice. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:823-833. [PMID: 37340753 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230619091603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke comprises 75% of all strokes and it is associated with a great frailty and casualty rate. Certain data suggest multiple long non-coding Ribonucleic Acids (lncRNAs) assist the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic regulation of genes expressed in the CNS (Central Nervous System). However, these studies generally focus on differences in the expression patterns of lncRNAs and Messenger Ribonucleic Acids (mRNAs) in tissue samples before and after cerebral ischemic injury, ignoring the effects of age. METHODS In this study, differentially expressed lncRNA analysis was performed based on RNAseq data from the transcriptomic analysis of murine brain microglia related to cerebral ischemia injury in mice at different ages (10 weeks and 18 months). RESULTS The results showed that the number of downregulate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in aged mice was 37 less than in young mice. Among them, lncRNA Gm-15987, RP24- 80F7.5, XLOC_379730, XLOC_379726 were significantly down-regulated. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that these specific lncRNAs were mainly related to inflammation. Based on the lncRNA/mRNA coexpression network, the mRNA co-expressed with lncRNA was mainly enriched in pathways, such as immune system progression, immune response, cell adhesion, B cell activation, and T cell differentiation. Our results indicate that the downregulation of lncRNA, such as Gm-15987, RP24- 80F7.5, XLOC_379730, and XLOC_379726 in aged mice may attenuate microglial-induced inflammation via the progress of immune system progression immune response, cell adhesion, B cell activation, and T cell differentiation. CONCLUSION The reported lncRNAs and their target mRNA during this pathology have potentially key regulatory functions in the cerebral ischemia in aged mice while being important for diagnosing and treating cerebral ischemia in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Tengteng Xue
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- Department of New Media and Arts, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Manhua Lv
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lino MM, Rondão T, Banerjee A, Aires I, Rodrigues M, Reis T, Santinha A, Fernandes D, Serrenho D, Sobrino T, Sargento-Freitas J, Pereira FC, Carvalho AL, Ferreira L. Small extracellular vesicles administered directly in the brain promote neuroprotection and decreased microglia reactivity in a stroke mouse model. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18212-18217. [PMID: 37933179 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03861k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we investigate the bioactivity of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), focusing on their local effect in the brain. sEVs from mononuclear cells (MNCs) showed superior effects in vitro to sEVs from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and were able to promote neuroprotection and decrease microglia reactivity in a stroke mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel M Lino
- CNC - Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Rondão
- CNC - Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- CNC - Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Inês Aires
- CNC - Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Magda Rodrigues
- CNC - Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Reis
- CNC - Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - António Santinha
- CNC - Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Dominique Fernandes
- CNC - Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Débora Serrenho
- CNC - Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal.
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- NeuroAging Laboratory (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Frederico C Pereira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- iCBR, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Carvalho
- CNC - Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lino Ferreira
- CNC - Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shen G, Xiao H, Huang S, Yuan X, Rongrong Z, Ma Y, Qin X. Knockdown of repulsive guidance molecule a promotes polarization of microglia into an anti-inflammatory phenotype after oxygen-glucose deprivation-reoxygenation in vitro. Neurochem Int 2023; 170:105546. [PMID: 37169181 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Repulsive guidance molecule a (RGMa) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that has been demonstrated to influence neuroinflammatory-related diseases in addition to regulating neuronal differentiation and survival during brain development. However, any function or mechanism of RGMa in the polarization of microglia after ischemic stroke remains unclear. In the current study, RGMa was found to be expressed at reduced levels in microglia after oxygen-glucose deprivation-reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro. RGMa overexpression induced HAPI microglia to predominantly polarize to the M1 phenotype, promoting the release of proinflammatory cytokines and knockdown induced the M2 phenotype, promoting the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. RGMa overexpression also regulated the polarization of HAPI microglia by inhibiting the transportation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) from the nucleus to cytoplasm. The opposite effect resulted from RGMa-knockdown and was reversed by the PPARγ antagonist, GW9662. In addition, RGMa-knockdown HAPI microglial conditioned medium improved the survival of oligodendrocytes after OGD/R in vitro. Thus, inhibition of RGMa may constitute a therapeutic strategy for reducing neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanru Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hongmei Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaofan Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhang Rongrong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinyue Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hirano Y, Nakagomi T, Nakano-Doi A, Kubo S, Minato Y, Sawano T, Sakagami M, Tsuzuki K. Microglia Negatively Regulate the Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Isolated from Poststroke Mouse Brains. Cells 2023; 12:2040. [PMID: 37626850 PMCID: PMC10453473 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) were induced within and around the ischemic areas in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. These injury/ischemia-induced NSPCs (iNSPCs) differentiated to electrophysiologically functional neurons in vitro, indicating the presence of a self-repair system following injury. However, during the healing process after stroke, ischemic areas were gradually occupied by inflammatory cells, mainly microglial cells/macrophages (MGs/MΦs), and neurogenesis rarely occurred within and around the ischemic areas. Therefore, to achieve neural regeneration by utilizing endogenous iNSPCs, regulation of MGs/MΦs after an ischemic stroke might be necessary. To test this hypothesis, we used iNSPCs isolated from the ischemic areas after a stroke in our mouse model to investigate the role of MGs/MΦs in iNSPC regulation. In coculture experiments, we show that the presence of MGs/MΦs significantly reduces not only the proliferation but also the differentiation of iNSPCs toward neuronal cells, thereby preventing neurogenesis. These effects, however, are mitigated by MG/MΦ depletion using clodronate encapsulated in liposomes. Additionally, gene ontology analysis reveals that proliferation and neuronal differentiation are negatively regulated in iNSPCs cocultured with MGs/MΦs. These results indicate that MGs/MΦs negatively impact neurogenesis via iNSPCs, suggesting that the regulation of MGs/MΦs is essential to achieve iNSPC-based neural regeneration following an ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Hirano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (Y.H.); (M.S.); (K.T.)
| | - Takayuki Nakagomi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (A.N.-D.); (S.K.)
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Akiko Nakano-Doi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (A.N.-D.); (S.K.)
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Shuji Kubo
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (A.N.-D.); (S.K.)
| | - Yusuke Minato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan;
| | - Toshinori Sawano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan;
| | - Masafumi Sakagami
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (Y.H.); (M.S.); (K.T.)
| | - Kenzo Tsuzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (Y.H.); (M.S.); (K.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xue Y, Tang J, Zhang M, He Y, Fu J, Ding F. Durative sleep fragmentation with or without hypertension suppress rapid eye movement sleep and generate cerebrovascular dysfunction. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106222. [PMID: 37419254 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Either hypertension or chronic insomnia is the risk factor of developing vascular dementia. Durative hypertension can induce vascular remodeling and is used for modeling small vessel disease in rodents. It remains undetermined if the combination of hypertension and sleep disturbance exacerbates vascular dysfunction or pathologies. Previously, we found chronic sleep fragmentation (SF) dampened cognition in young mice without disease predispositions. In the current study, we superimposed SF with hypertension modeling in young mice. Angiotensin II (AngII)-releasing osmotic mini pumps were subcutaneously implanted to generate persistent hypertension, while sham surgeries were performed as controls. Sleep fragmentation with repetitive arousals (10 s every 2 min) during light-on 12 h for consecutive 30 days, while mice undergoing normal sleep (NS) processes were set as controls. Sleep architectures, whisker-stimulated cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes, vascular responsiveness as well as vascular pathologies were compared among normal sleep plus sham (NS + sham), SF plus sham (SF + sham), normal sleep plus AngII (NS + AngII), and SF plus AngII (SF + AngII) groups. SF and hypertension both alter sleep structures, particularly suppressing REM sleep. SF no matter if combined with hypertension strongly suppressed whisker-stimulated CBF increase, suggesting the tight association with cognitive decline. Hypertension modeling sensitizes vascular responsiveness toward a vasoactive agent, Acetylcholine (ACh, 5 mg/ml, 10 μl) delivered via cisterna magna infusion, while SF exhibits a similar but much milder effect. None of the modeling above was sufficient to induce arterial or arteriole vascular remodeling, but SF or SF plus hypertension increased vascular network density constructed by all categories of cerebral vessels. The current study would potentially help understand the pathogenesis of vascular dementia, and the interconnection between sleep and vascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xue
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Miaoyi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yifan He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianhui Fu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Fengfei Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nguyen JN, Chauhan A. Bystanders or not? Microglia and lymphocytes in aging and stroke. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1397-1403. [PMID: 36571333 PMCID: PMC10075112 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.360345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As the average age of the world population increases, more people will face debilitating aging-associated conditions, including dementia and stroke. Not only does the incidence of these conditions increase with age, but the recovery afterward is often worse in older patients. Researchers and health professionals must unveil and understand the factors behind age-associated diseases to develop a therapy for older patients. Aging causes profound changes in the immune system including the activation of microglia in the brain. Activated microglia promote T lymphocyte transmigration leading to an increase in neuroinflammation, white matter damage, and cognitive impairment in both older humans and rodents. The presence of T and B lymphocytes is observed in the aged brain and correlates with worse stroke outcomes. Preclinical strategies in stroke target either microglia or the lymphocytes or the communications between them to promote functional recovery in aged subjects. In this review, we examine the role of the microglia and T and B lymphocytes in aging and how they contribute to cognitive impairment. Additionally, we provide an important update on the contribution of these cells and their interactions in preclinical aged stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin N Nguyen
- University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anjali Chauhan
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zeng Q, Huang P, Wang Z, Wei L, Lin K. Remote ischemic conditioning in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction: A case control study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18181. [PMID: 37496897 PMCID: PMC10367274 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This paired case-control study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) in patients with acute cerebral infarction (CI) and explore potential serological markers of RIC. Methods Patients with acute CI (<72 h) were matched 1:1 according to age, sex, and CI conditions and were divided into the RIC group and the control group. The RIC group received RIC intervention for 7 days on top of routine treatment, while the control group received a sham RIC. The curative effects and adverse reactions were observed. Result A total of 66 patients (mean age 60.00 ± 11.37 years; mean time of acute CI onset 32.91 ± 17.94 h) completed the study. The National Institute of Health stroke scale score on day 7, modified Rankin Scale scores on day 7 and day 90 were significantly lower than the baseline in the RIC group (P < 0.001, P = 0.003, P = 0.004, respectively) but not in the control group (P = 0.056, P = 0.169, P = 0.058, respectively). RIC was well-tolerated, and no adverse events were reported. Both plasma hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor increased in the RIC group from day 0 to day 7, while they decreased in the control group. The changes in plasma HIF-1α in the RIC group were statistically different from those in the control group (P = 0.006). Conclusion Early and short-term RIC treatment was well-tolerated and effective in improving the prognosis in acute CI. HIF-1α can be recognized as a biomarker for evaluating the efficacy of RIC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China
| | - Peiqi Huang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China
| | - Ziteng Wang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China
| | - Liling Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China
| | - Kun Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Smith J, Menéndez Méndez A, Alves M, Parras A, Conte G, Bhattacharya A, Ceusters M, Nicke A, Henshall DC, Jimenez-Mateos EM, Engel T. The P2X7 receptor contributes to seizures and inflammation-driven long-lasting brain hyperexcitability following hypoxia in neonatal mice. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:1710-1729. [PMID: 36637008 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neonatal seizures represent a clinical emergency. However, current anti-seizure medications fail to resolve seizures in ~50% of infants. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is an important driver of inflammation, and evidence suggests that P2X7R contributes to seizures and epilepsy in adults. However, no genetic proof has yet been provided to determine what contribution P2X7R makes to neonatal seizures, its effects on inflammatory signalling during neonatal seizures, and the therapeutic potential of P2X7R-based treatments on long-lasting brain excitability. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Neonatal seizures were induced by global hypoxia in 7-day-old mouse pups (P7). The role of P2X7Rs during seizures was analysed in P2X7R-overexpressing and knockout mice. Treatment of wild-type mice after hypoxia with the P2X7R antagonist JNJ-47965567 was used to determine the effects of the P2X7R on long-lasting brain hyperexcitability. Cell type-specific P2X7R expression was analysed in P2X7R-EGFP reporter mice. RNA sequencing was used to monitor P2X7R-dependent hippocampal downstream signalling. KEY RESULTS P2X7R deletion reduced seizure severity, whereas P2X7R overexpression exacerbated seizure severity and reduced responsiveness to anti-seizure medication. P2X7R deficiency led to an anti-inflammatory phenotype in microglia, and treatment of mice with a P2X7R antagonist reduced long-lasting brain hyperexcitability. RNA sequencing identified several pathways altered in P2X7R knockout mice after neonatal hypoxia, including a down-regulation of genes implicated in inflammation and glutamatergic signalling. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Treatments based on targeting the P2X7R may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for neonatal seizures with P2X7Rs contributing to the generation of neonatal seizures, driving inflammatory processes and long-term hyperexcitability states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Smith
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aida Menéndez Méndez
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mariana Alves
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alberto Parras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giorgia Conte
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Marc Ceusters
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
- The Marc Ceusters Company BV, Diest, Belgium
| | - Annette Nicke
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - David C Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eva M Jimenez-Mateos
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tobias Engel
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Niu X, Xia Y, Luo L, Chen Y, Yuan J, Zhang J, Zheng X, Li Q, Deng Z, Wang Y. iPSC-sEVs alleviate microglia senescence to protect against ischemic stroke in aged mice. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100600. [PMID: 36936398 PMCID: PMC10020681 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The polarization of microglia plays an important role in the outcome of ischemic stroke (IS). In the aged population, senescent microglia show a predominant pro-inflammatory phenotype, which leads to worse outcomes in aged ischemic stroke compared to young ischemic stroke. Recent research demonstrated that inducible pluripotent stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (iPSC-sEVs) possess the significant anti-ageing ability. We hypothesized that iPSC-sEVs could alleviate microglia senescence to regulate microglia polarization in aged ischemic stroke. In this study, we showed that treatment with iPSC-sEVs significantly alleviated microglia senescence as indicated by the decreased senescence-associated proteins including P16, P21, P53, and γ-H2AX as well as the activity of SA-β-gal, and inhibited pro-inflammatory activation of microglia both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, iPSC-sEVs shifted microglia from pro-inflammatory phenotype to anti-inflammatory phenotype, which reduced the apoptosis of neurons, and improved the outcome of aged stroke mice. Mechanism studies showed that iPSC-sEVs reversed the loss of Rictor and downstream p-AKT (s473) in senescent microglia, which was involved in the senescence and pro-inflammatory phenotype regulation of microglia. Inhibition of Rictor abolished the iPSC-sEVs-afforded phosphorylation of AKT and alleviation of inflammation of senescent microglia. Proteomics results indicated that iPSC-sEVs carried transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) to upregulate Rictor and p-AKT in senescent microglia, which could be hindered by blocking TGF-β1. Taken together, our work demonstrates iPSC-sEVs reverse the senescent characteristic of microglia in aged brains and therefore improve the outcome after stroke, at least, via delivering TGF-β1 to upregulate Rictor and p-AKT. Our data suggest that iPSC-sEVs might be a novelty therapeutic method for aged ischemic stroke and other diseases involving senescent microglia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yuguo Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Lei Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954, Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yu Chen
- The Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ji Yuan
- The Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Juntao Zhang
- The Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xianyou Zheng
- The Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
- Corresponding author. Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qing Li
- The Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
- Corresponding author. Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhifeng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Neurosurgery Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ohya Y, Matsuo R, Sato N, Irie F, Wakisaka Y, Ago T, Kamouchi M, Kitazono T. Modification of the effects of age on clinical outcomes through management of lifestyle-related factors in patients with acute ischemic stroke. J Neurol Sci 2023; 446:120589. [PMID: 36807976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study examined the association between age and clinical outcomes after ischemic stroke, and whether the effect of age on post-stroke outcomes can be modified by various factors. METHODS We included 12,171 patients with acute ischemic stroke, who were functionally independent before stroke onset, in a multicenter hospital-based study conducted in Fukuoka, Japan. Patients were categorized into six groups according to age: ≤ 45, 46-55, 56-65, 66-75, 76-85, and > 85 years. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate an odds ratio for poor functional outcome (modified Rankin scale score of 3-6 at 3 months) for each age group. Interaction effects of age and various factors were analyzed using a multivariable model. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 70.3 ± 12.2 years, and 63.9% were men. Neurological deficits at onset were more severe in the older age groups. The odds ratio of poor functional outcome linearly increased (P for trend <0.001), even after adjusting for potential confounders. Sex, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus significantly modified the effect of age on the outcome (P < 0.05). The unfavorable effect of older age was greater in female patients and those with low body weight, whereas the protective effect of younger age was smaller in patients with hypertension or diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS Functional outcome worsened with age in patients with acute ischemic stroke, especially in females and those with low body weight, hypertension, or hyperglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Ohya
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryu Matsuo
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumi Irie
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Wakisaka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ago
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kamouchi
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Boboc IKS, Rotaru-Zavaleanu AD, Calina D, Albu CV, Catalin B, Turcu-Stiolica A. A Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Behavior Testing in Mice Models of Ischemic Stroke. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020567. [PMID: 36836924 PMCID: PMC9964520 DOI: 10.3390/life13020567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains one of the most important causes of death and disability. Preclinical research is a powerful tool for understanding the molecular and cellular response to stroke. However, a lack of standardization in animal evaluation does not always ensure reproducible results. In the present study, we wanted to identify the best strategy for evaluating animal behavior post-experimental stroke. As such, a meta-analysis was made, evaluating behavioral tests done on male C57BL/6 mice subjected to stroke or sham surgery. Overall, fifty-six studies were included. Our results suggest that different types of tests should be used depending on the post-stroke period one needs to analyze. In the hyper-acute, post-stroke period, the best quantifier will be animal examination scoring, as it is a fast and inexpensive way to identify differences between groups. When evaluating stoke mice in the acute phase, a mix of animal examination and motor tests that focus on movement asymmetry (foot-fault and cylinder testing) seem to have the best chance of picking up differences between groups. Complex tasks (the rotarod test and Morris water maze) should be used within the chronic phase to evaluate differences between the late-subacute and chronic phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ianis Kevyn Stefan Boboc
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- U.M.F. Doctoral School Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Alexandra Daniela Rotaru-Zavaleanu
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Carmen Valeria Albu
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital of Neuropsychiatry, 200473 Craiova, Romania
| | - Bogdan Catalin
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Adina Turcu-Stiolica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Management and Marketing, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Guo Y, Zhang P, Zhao H, Xu C, Lin S, Mei X, Tian H. Melatonin promotes microglia toward anti-inflammatory phenotype after spinal cord injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109599. [PMID: 36538849 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microglia, immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), mediate inflammatory responses and provide support to the microenvironment. Neurotoxic microglia predominantly locate in the injured spinal cord that delay spinal cord injury (SCI) repair. We previously found that melatonin could suppress SCI-induced neuronal inflammatory activation. However, the effect of melatonin in microglia responses remains unclear. In this study, isolated primary microglia and neurons were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or melatonin-containing medium. We found that melatonin supported the beneficial polarization from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammation, downrehulated ROS activity, and recovered mitochondrial metabolism in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, melatonin downregulated pro-inflammatory-related mRNA levels. These results suggested that melatonin may be therapeutic potential for neuroinflammation-related neurological disorders, such as SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Guo
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China; Key Laboratory of medical tissue engineering, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of medical tissue engineering, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P. R. China
| | - Haosen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China; Department of Orthopedic, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
| | - Xifan Mei
- Department of Orthopedic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China; Department of Orthopedic, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
| | - He Tian
- School of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jiao Y, Ren S, Wang L, Wu G. PPARγ/RAD21 alleviates peripheral secondary brain injury in rat cerebral hemorrhage model through promoting M2 polarization of microglial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109572. [PMID: 36538854 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PPARγ has been reported to participate in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) progression, and recruit RAD21 through binding DNA. Our study aimed to explore the roles of PPARγ/RAD21 in ICH and their related mechanisms. METHODS ICH models in vitro and in vivo were established using thrombin and autologous blood injection, respectively. After that, rosiglitazone (RSG), GW9662, and RAD21 knockdown/overexpression plasmids were used to treat the ICH models. The cell apoptosis, the related inflammatory cytokines levels, and the neurological function of the rats were examined. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), western blot and immunofluorescence were employed to determine the expression of the M1/M2 polarization-related markers. Finally, the interaction of PPARγ and RAD21 in microglial cells was observed using double labeled immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS After thrombin induction, the cell apoptosis, and TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 contents were all significantly increased (P < 0.05); whereas RSG and RAD21 overexpression evidently inhibited the apoptosis of thrombin-caused microglial cells, reduced TNF-α and IL-1β contents, further increased IL-10 content (P < 0.05). The combination of RAD21 and PPARγ was enhanced by RSG and RAD21 overexpression. In vivo experiments showed that RSG and RAD21 overexpression decreased neurological deficit score, brain water content and hematoma volume. Additionally, RSG and RAD21 overexpression up-regulated the expression of PPARγ, RAD21, Arg1, KLF4, and TGF-β, whereas down-regulated iNOS and CD32 expression. The actions of GW9662 and RAD21 knockdown were opposite to those of RSG and RAD21 overexpression. CONCLUSION PPARγ/RAD21 may alleviate ICH progression through promoting M2-type polarization of microglial cells and inhibiting inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiao
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Siying Ren
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Likun Wang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Guofeng Wu
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tang M, Zhao S, Liu JX, Liu X, Guo YX, Wang GY, Wang XL. Paclitaxel induces cognitive impairment via necroptosis, decreased synaptic plasticity and M1 polarisation of microglia. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1556-1565. [PMID: 35944285 PMCID: PMC9367659 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2108064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Paclitaxel (PTX) leads to chemotherapy brain (chemo-brain) which is characterised by cognitive impairment. It has been reported that necroptosis is associated with cognitive impairment in some neurodegenerative diseases, but it is not clear whether it is related to the development of chemo-brain. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of necroptosis and related changes in PTX-induced cognitive impairment. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57bl/6n mice were randomly divided into five groups: control, vehicle, and different concentrations of PTX (6, 8, 10 mg/kg). Two additional groups received pre-treatment with Gdcl3 or PBS through Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection before PTX-treatment. Cognitive function, necroptosis, synaptic plasticity and microglia polarisation were analysed. RESULTS PTX (10 mg/kg) induced significant cognitive impairment, accompanied by changes in synaptic plasticity, including decreased density of PSD95 (0.65-fold), BDNF (0.44-fold) and dendritic spines (0.57-fold). PTX induced necroptosis of 53.41% (RIP3) and 61.91% (MLKL) in hippocampal neurons, with high expression of RIP3 (1.58-fold) compared with the control group. MLKL (1.87-fold) exhibited the same trend, reaching a peak on the 14th day. The increased expression of iNOS (1.63-fold) and inflammatory factors such as TNF-α (1.85-fold) and IL-β (1.89-fold) compared to the control group suggests that M1 polarisation of microglia is involved in the process of cognitive impairment. Pre-treatment with Gdcl3 effectively reduced the number of microglia (0.50-fold), inhibited the release of TNF-α (0.73-fold) and IL-β (0.56-fold), and improved cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION We established a stable animal model of PTX-induced cognitive impairment and explored the underlying pathophysiological mechanism. These findings can guide the future treatment of chemo-brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jia-Xin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yue-Xian Guo
- Department of Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Gui-Ying Wang
- Department of Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li Q, Fadoul G, Ikonomovic M, Yang T, Zhang F. Sulforaphane promotes white matter plasticity and improves long-term neurological outcomes after ischemic stroke via the Nrf2 pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:292-303. [PMID: 36244590 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a common condition following ischemic stroke. Neuronal loss and white matter injury are among the most common neuropathological characteristics in patients with PSCI. The present study tested our hypothesis that activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) reduces neuronal loss, white matter injury, and neurobehavioral deficits in a mouse model of PSCI and investigated the underlying protective mechanisms. METHODS PSCI was modeled in wildtype (WT) and Nrf2 knockout (KO), male and female mice, by distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO), with intraperitoneal injections of the Nrf2 activator sulforaphane (Sfn) or vehicle. Long-term (35 days) sensorimotor and cognitive performances, white matter integrity, oligodendrogenesis by BrdU incorporation, and neurite sprouting using anterograde tract-tracing were evaluated up to 35 days after dMCAO. Neuronal apoptosis was evaluated three days after dMCAO. In vitro, primary neuronal cultures were applied to validate the in vivo findings. RESULTS Compared to vehicle-injected controls, Sfn treatment improved long-term sensorimotor and cognitive deficits after dMCAO in WT male and female mice. Sfn-treated WT mice also had less myelin loss/axonal injury and showed evidence of Nrf2 activation. Sfn treatment failed to provide the same level of protection in Nrf2 KO mice. Mechanistically, the ability of Sfn to reduce neuronal death after ischemia in vitro and in vivo, augment axonal sprouting and enhance oligodendrogenesis after dMCAO was dependent on Nrf2 activation. CONCLUSION Our results support that Nrf2 is critical for Sfn-afforded neuroprotection after ischemic stroke. Thus, targeting Nrf2 may be a promising strategy for the treatment of PSCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - George Fadoul
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Milos Ikonomovic
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fernandez N, Petit A, Pianos A, Haddad L, Schumacher M, Liere P, Guennoun R. Aging Is Associated With Lower Neuroactive Steroids and Worsened Outcomes Following Cerebral Ischemia in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6779564. [PMID: 36306407 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and death, and aging is the main nonmodifiable risk factor. Following ischemia, neuroactive steroids have been shown to play a key role in cerebroprotection. Thus, brain steroid concentrations at the time of injury as well as their regulation after stroke are key factors to consider. Here, we investigated the effects of age and cerebral ischemia on steroid levels, behavioral outcomes, and neuronal degeneration in 3- and 18-month-old C57BL/6JRj male mice. Ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 1 hour followed by reperfusion (MCAO/R) and analyses were performed at 6 hours after MCAO. Extended steroid profiles established by gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry revealed that (1) brain and plasma concentrations of the main 5α-reduced metabolites of progesterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, and corticosterone were lower in old than in young mice; (2) after MCAO/R, brain concentrations of progesterone, 5α-dihydroprogesterone, and corticosterone increased in young mice; and (3) after MCAO/R, brain concentrations of 5α-reduced metabolites of progesterone, 3α5α-tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, and 3β5α-tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone were lower in old than in young mice. After ischemia, old mice showed increased sensori-motor deficits and more degenerating neurons in the striatum than young mice. Altogether, these findings strongly suggest that the decreased capacity of old mice to metabolize steroids toward the 5α-reduction pathway comparatively to young mice may contribute to the worsening of their stroke outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neïké Fernandez
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Anthony Petit
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Antoine Pianos
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Léna Haddad
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Michael Schumacher
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Philippe Liere
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Rachida Guennoun
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu L, Liu J, Li M, Lyu J, Su W, Feng S, Ji X. Selective brain hypothermia attenuates focal cerebral ischemic injury and improves long-term neurological outcome in aged female mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:129-139. [PMID: 36341958 PMCID: PMC9804044 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the effects of mild selective brain hypothermia on aged female ischemic mice. METHODS A distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) model was established in aged female mice, who were then subjected to mild selective brain hypothermia immediately after the dMCAO procedure. Neurological behavioral examinations were conducted prior to and up to 35 days post-ischemia. Infarct volume, brain atrophy, pro-inflammation, and anti-inflammation microglia/macrophages phenotype and white matter injury were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. Correlations between neurological behaviors and histological parameters were evaluated by Pearson product linear regression analysis. RESULTS Sensorimotor and cognitive function tests confirmed the protective effect of mild selective brain hypothermia in elderly female ischemic mice. In addition, hypothermia decreased the infarct volume and brain atrophy induced by focal cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, hypothermia alleviated ischemia-induced short-term and long-term white matter injury, which was correlated with behavioral deficits. Finally, hypothermia suppressed the harmful immunological response by promoting the transformation of pro-inflammatory microglia/macrophages to anti-inflammatory phenotype. This polarization was negatively correlated with neuronal loss and white matter injury. CONCLUSION Mild selective brain hypothermia promoted long-term functional recovery by alleviating white matter damage in an aged female mouse model of ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Liu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ming Li
- Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Junxuan Lyu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tsing Hua Chang Gung Hospital, School of Clinical MedicineTsing Hua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shejun Feng
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Laser Speckle Flowmetry for the Prognostic Estimation Study of Permanent Focal Ischemia in Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1729255. [PMID: 36177058 PMCID: PMC9514945 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1729255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) model that mainly targets the cortex and causes low mortality is developed for the study of permanent focal ischemia, and it is highly appropriate for the study in the aged population. The two most common methods used to establish dMCAO models are dMCAO alone and dMCAO plus ipsilateral common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO). Up to now, studies on the prognosis of the two types of dMCAO models and the accuracy of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in predicting prognosis have not yet been reported. In the present study, we established permanent focal ischemia models in two groups of aged mice by dMCAO alone or by dMCAO plus ipsilateral common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO). CBF was evaluated by laser speckle flowmetry (LSF) before and after surgery. Cerebral infarction was assessed by TTC staining at day 2 after surgery and MAP2 staining at day 21 after surgery. In addition, behavioral outcomes were evaluated using the modified Garcia scoring system, adhesive removal test, and foot-fault test. Our results showed that compared with those in the dMCAO alone group, the mice in the dMCAO plus CCAO group had a larger cerebral infarct size and more severe neurological deficits. According to the results of the correlation analysis, the area of the ischemic core region on CBF imaging in the dMCAO group was helpful in predicting the infarct volume. In addition, the total CBF of the ischemic area in the dMCAO plus CCAO group showed a significant correlation with Garcia scores 3 days after surgery, but there was no significant correlation of CBF imaging with the foot-fault test 7 days after surgery. These results suggest that the total CBF of the ischemic area might be helpful to predict the severity of neurological damage at the acute stage.
Collapse
|
25
|
Spatiotemporal dynamics of the cellular components involved in glial scar formation following spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
26
|
Wang Y, Leak RK, Cao G. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity after stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:980722. [PMID: 36052339 PMCID: PMC9426757 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.980722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains a major cause of long-term disability and mortality worldwide. The immune system plays an important role in determining the condition of the brain following stroke. As the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system, microglia are the primary responders in a defense network covering the entire brain parenchyma, and exert various functions depending on dynamic communications with neurons, astrocytes, and other neighboring cells under both physiological or pathological conditions. Microglia activation and polarization is crucial for brain damage and repair following ischemic stroke, and is considered a double-edged sword for neurological recovery. Microglia can exist in pro-inflammatory states and promote secondary brain damage, but they can also secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors and facilitate recovery following stroke. In this review, we focus on the role and mechanisms of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity after ischemia and relevant potential microglia-based interventions for stroke therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Guodong Cao Yuan Wang
| | - Rehana K. Leak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Guodong Cao
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Guodong Cao Yuan Wang
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tian Y, Zheng Y, Wang Q, Yan F, Tao Z, Zhao F, Wang Y, Huang Y, Li F, Du Y, Wang N, Luo Y. Berberine Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment by Regulating Microglial Polarization and Increasing Expression of Anti-inflammatory Factors following Permanent Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Rats. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 21:869-879. [PMID: 35142272 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220124140323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is associated with vascular cognitive impairment, and there are no specific therapeutic agents for use in clinical practice. Berberine has demonstrated good neuroprotective effects in models of acute cerebral ischemia; however, whether it can alleviate cognitive impairment caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion has rarely been investigated. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to explore the mechanism by which berberine alleviates cognitive impairment resulting from chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. METHODS Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham, model, and berberine. The models of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion were established via permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze, while neuronal damage and microglial activation and polarization were evaluated using western blotting and immunofluorescence, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect the expression of anti-inflammatory factors including interleukin- 4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). RESULTS Rats exhibited cognitive dysfunction after BCCAO, which was significantly attenuated following the berberine intervention. Levels of synaptophysin and NeuN were decreased in states of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, during which microglial activation and a transition from the M2 to M1 phenotype were observed. Berberine treatment also significantly reversed these features. Moreover, levels of IL-4 and IL-10 expression increased significantly after berberine treatment. CONCLUSION Berberine may mitigate vascular cognitive dysfunction by promoting neuronal plasticity, inhibiting microglial activation, promoting transformation from an M1 to an M2 phenotype, and increasing levels of IL-4 and IL-10 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tian
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yangmin Zheng
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Zhao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyou Huang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjuan Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Du
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ningqun Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Irisin, An Exercise-induced Bioactive Peptide Beneficial for Health Promotion During Aging Process. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 80:101680. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
29
|
Zhong Y, Gu L, Ye Y, Zhu H, Pu B, Wang J, Li Y, Qiu S, Xiong X, Jian Z. JAK2/STAT3 axis intermediates microglia/macrophage polarization during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Neuroscience 2022; 496:119-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
30
|
Abstract
Stroke remains a significant unmet clinical need with few treatment options that have a very narrow therapeutic window, thereby causing massive mortality and morbidity in the United States and around the world. Accordingly, finding safe and effective novel treatments with a wider therapeutic window stands as an urgent need in stroke. The progressive inflammation that occurs centrally and peripherally after stroke serves as a unique therapeutic target to retard and even halt the secondary cell death. Stem cell therapy represents a potent approach that can diminish inflammation in both the stroke brain and periphery (eg, spleen), advancing a paradigm shift from a traditionally brain-focused therapy to treating stroke as a neurological disorder with a significant peripheral pathology. The purpose of this review article is to highlight the inflammation-mediated secondary cell death that plagues both brain and spleen in stroke and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of stem cell therapy in dampening these inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Anthony
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Dorothy Cabantan
- Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, 965 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Molly Monsour
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Cesario V. Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
The Novel Nrf2 Activator Omaveloxolone Regulates Microglia Phenotype and Ameliorates Secondary Brain Injury after Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4564471. [PMID: 35308167 PMCID: PMC8933082 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4564471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The polarization of microglia is recognized as a crucial factor in reducing neuroinflammation and promoting hematoma clearance after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Previous studies have revealed that redox components participate in the regulation of microglial polarization. Recently, the novel Nrf2 activator omaveloxolone (Omav) has been validated to improve neurological function in patients with neurodegenerative disorders by regulating antioxidant responses. In this study, we examined the efficacy of Omav in ICH. Omav significantly promoted Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and the expression of HO-1 and NQO1 in BV2 cells. In addition, both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that Omav treatment inhibited M1-like activation and promoted the activation of the M2-like microglial phenotype. Omav inhibited OxyHb-induced ROS generation and preserved the function of mitochondria in BV2 cells. Intraperitoneal administration of Omav improved sensorimotor function in the ICH mouse model. Importantly, these effects were blocked by pretreatment with ML385, a selective inhibitor of Nrf2. Collectively, Omav modulated microglial polarization by activating Nrf2 and inhibiting ROS generation in ICH models, suggesting that it might be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of ICH.
Collapse
|
32
|
Guo X, Jin X, Han K, Kang S, Tian S, Lv X, Feng M, Zheng H, Zuo Y, Xu G, Hu M, Xu J, Lv P, Chang YZ. Iron promotes neurological function recovery in mice with ischemic stroke through endogenous repair mechanisms. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 182:59-72. [PMID: 35202785 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous repair mechanisms play an important role in the recovery of nerve function after stroke, such as gliosis, synaptic plasticity, remyelination and nerve regeneration. Iron is the most abundant trace metal element in the brain and plays a crucial role in the maintenance of normal cerebral function. It is an important coenzyme factor in the process of cell metabolism, DNA synthesis, purine catabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis and decomposition. However, it is unclear what role iron plays in the long-term recovery of neurological function after stroke. In this study, we first observed that changes in iron metabolism occurred during neurological function recovery in the mice with distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO). Our data showed that plasticity changes due to endogenous repair mechanisms resulted in improvements in cerebral cortex function. These changes involved gliosis, synaptic function reconstruction, remyelination, and activation of neural stem cells. In order to examine the potential role of iron, we synthesized liposomal-encapsulated deferoxamine (DFO) nanoparticles to further explore the effect and the mechanism of iron on the recovery of neurological function in dMCAO mice. Our results showed that liposome-DFO decreased iron deposition and reversed plasticity changes in cerebral cortex function after stroke, which delayed neurological function recovery. This experiment shows that the increasing iron level promotes endogenous repair in ischemic stroke. Our finding reveals the change regularity of iron and emphasizes the beneficial role of iron in the recovery process of neurological function, which provides an important basis for the prevention and/or treatment of ischemia-reperfusion and recovery after stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China; Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaofang Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Kang Han
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Shaomeng Kang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Siyu Tian
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Mudi Feng
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Huiwen Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Yong Zuo
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital; Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital; Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital; Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Peiyuan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China; Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital; Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei, China.
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li X, Cai Y, Zhang Z, Zhou J. Glial and Vascular Cell Regulation of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Diabetes. Diabetes Metab J 2022; 46:222-238. [PMID: 35299293 PMCID: PMC8987684 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a structural barrier, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is located at the interface between the brain parenchyma and blood, and modulates communication between the brain and blood microenvironment to maintain homeostasis. The BBB is composed of endothelial cells, basement membrane, pericytes, and astrocytic end feet. BBB impairment is a distinguishing and pathogenic factor in diabetic encephalopathy. Diabetes causes leakage of the BBB through downregulation of tight junction proteins, resulting in impaired functioning of endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, nerve/glial antigen 2-glia, and oligodendrocytes. However, the temporal regulation, mechanisms of molecular and signaling pathways, and consequences of BBB impairment in diabetes are not well understood. Consequently, the efficacy of therapies diabetes targeting BBB leakage still lags behind the requirements. This review summarizes the recent research on the effects of diabetes on BBB composition and the potential roles of glial and vascular cells as therapeutic targets for BBB disruption in diabetic encephalopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Li
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Cai
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zuo Zhang
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiyin Zhou
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Blood-Brain Barrier Transporters: Opportunities for Therapeutic Development in Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031898. [PMID: 35163820 PMCID: PMC8836701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability. Over the past decades, several efforts have attempted to discover new drugs or repurpose existing therapeutics to promote post-stroke neurological recovery. Preclinical stroke studies have reported successes in identifying novel neuroprotective agents; however, none of these compounds have advanced beyond a phase III clinical trial. One reason for these failures is the lack of consideration of blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport mechanisms that can enable these drugs to achieve efficacious concentrations in ischemic brain tissue. Despite the knowledge that drugs with neuroprotective properties (i.e., statins, memantine, metformin) are substrates for endogenous BBB transporters, preclinical stroke research has not extensively studied the role of transporters in central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery. Here, we review current knowledge on specific BBB uptake transporters (i.e., organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs in humans; Oatps in rodents); organic cation transporters (OCTs in humans; Octs in rodents) that can be targeted for improved neuroprotective drug delivery. Additionally, we provide state-of-the-art perspectives on how transporter pharmacology can be integrated into preclinical stroke research. Specifically, we discuss the utility of in vivo stroke models to transporter studies and considerations (i.e., species selection, co-morbid conditions) that will optimize the translational success of stroke pharmacotherapeutic experiments.
Collapse
|
35
|
Homans C, Yalcin EB, Tong M, Gallucci G, Bautista D, Moriel N, de la Monte S. Therapeutic Effects of Myriocin in Experimental Alcohol-Related Neurobehavioral Dysfunction and Frontal Lobe White Matter Biochemical Pathology. JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2022; 12:23-42. [PMID: 36815096 PMCID: PMC9942847 DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2022.122003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background & Objective Chronic excessive alcohol consumption causes white matter degeneration with myelin loss and impaired neuronal conductivity. Subsequent rarefaction of myelin accounts for the sustained deficits in cognition, learning, and memory. Correspondingly, chronic heavy or repeated binge alcohol exposures in humans and experimental models alter myelin lipid composition leading to build-up of ceramides which can be neurotoxic and broadly inhibitory to brain functions. Methods This study examined the effects of chronic + binge alcohol exposures (8 weeks) and intervention with myriocin, a ceramide inhibitor, on neurobehavioral functions (Open Field, Novel Object Recognition, and Morris Water Maze tests) and frontal lobe white matter myelin lipid biochemical pathology in an adult Long-Evans rat model. Results The ethanol-exposed group had significant deficits in executive functions with increased indices of anxiety and impairments in spatial learning acquisition. Myriocin partially remediated these effects of ethanol while not impacting behavior in the control group. Ethanol-fed rats had significantly smaller brains with broadly reduced expression of sulfatides and reduced expression of two of the three sphingomyelins detected in frontal white matter. Myriocin partially resolved these effects corresponding with improvements in neurobehavioral function. Conclusion Therapeutic strategies that support cerebral white matter myelin expression of sulfatide and sphingomyelin may help remediate cognitive-behavioral dysfunction following chronic heavy alcohol consumption in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Homans
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Emine B. Yalcin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Liver Research Center, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ming Tong
- Liver Research Center, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gina Gallucci
- Liver Research Center, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - David Bautista
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Natalia Moriel
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Suzanne de la Monte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vespakinin-M, a natural peptide from Vespa magnifica, promotes functional recovery in stroke mice. Commun Biol 2022; 5:74. [PMID: 35058552 PMCID: PMC8776894 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke triggers complex systemic pathological responses for which the exploration of drug resources remains a challenge. Wasp venom extracted from Vespa magnifica (Smith, 1852) is most commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis as well as neurological disorders. Vespakinin-M (VK), a natural peptide from wasp venom, has remained largely unexplored for stroke. Herein, we first confirmed the structure, stability, toxicity and distribution of VK as well as its penetration into the blood–brain barrier. VK (150 and 300 µg/kg, i.p.) was administered to improve stroke constructed by middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Our results indicate that VK promote functional recovery in mice after ischemia stroke, including an improvement of neurological impairment, reduction of infarct volume, maintenance of blood-brain barrier integrity, and an obstruction of the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. In addition, VK treatment led to reduced neuroinflammation and apoptosis associated with the activation of PI3K–AKT and inhibition of IκBα–NF-κB signaling pathways. Simultaneously, we confirmed that VK can combine with bradykinin receptor 2 (B2R) as detected by molecular docking, the B2R antagonist HOE140 could counteract the neuro-protective effects of VK on stroke in mice. Overall, targeting the VK–B2R interaction can be considered as a practical strategy for stroke therapy. Zhao et al establish the structure, stability, toxicity and distribution of vespakinin-M (VK) as well as its penetration into the blood–brain barrier in mice. They go on to show that VK promotes functional recovery in mice after ischemia stroke and shed light on the potential underlying mechanisms, which together indicates the potential therapeutic value of targeting VK in stroke therapy.
Collapse
|
37
|
Post-stroke treatment with argon preserved neurons and attenuated microglia/macrophage activation long-termly in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Sci Rep 2022; 12:691. [PMID: 35027642 PMCID: PMC8758662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04666-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study from our group, argon has shown to significantly attenuate brain injury, reduce brain inflammation and enhance M2 microglia/macrophage polarization until 7 days after ischemic stroke. However, the long-term effects of argon have not been reported thus far. In the present study, we analyzed the underlying neuroprotective effects and potential mechanisms of argon, up to 30 days after ischemic stroke. Argon administration with a 3 h delay after stroke onset and 1 h after reperfusion demonstrated long-term neuroprotective effect by preserving the neurons at the ischemic boundary zone 30 days after stroke. Furthermore, the excessive microglia/macrophage activation in rat brain was reduced by argon treatment 30 days after ischemic insult. However, long-lasting neurological improvement was not detectable. More sensorimotor functional measures, age- and disease-related models, as well as further histological and molecular biological analyses will be needed to extend the understanding of argon’s neuroprotective effects and mechanism of action after ischemic stroke.
Collapse
|
38
|
Polaryzacja mikrogleju i makrofagów w wybranych chorobach degeneracyjnych i zapalnych układu nerwowego. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2021-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstrakt
Makrofagi to komórki efektorowe układu odpornościowego zdolne do polaryzacji, czyli zmiany fenotypu powiązanej ze zmianą aktywności. Można wyróżnić: polaryzację klasyczną (M1), która służy obronie przed patogenami, a makrofagi M1 mają aktywność ogólnie prozapalną, oraz polaryzację alternatywną (M2), która sprzyja wygaszaniu stanu zapalnego i regeneracji tkanki. Makrofagi zasiedlają niemal cały organizm, więc zjawisko ich polaryzacji ma wpływ na wiele procesów zachodzących w różnych tkankach. W układzie nerwowym reprezentacją osiadłych makrofagów jest mikroglej. Jednak w wielu sytuacjach patologicznych w mózgu pojawiają się także makrofagi rekrutowane z monocytów krążących we krwi. Choroby neurodegeneracyjne, urazy i choroby autoimmunologiczne są związane z reakcją układu odpornościowego, która może mieć istotny wpływ na dalszy przebieg choroby i na tempo regeneracji tkanki. Polaryzacja makrofagów ma w związku z tym znaczenie w chorobach centralnego układu nerwowego. Aktywność komórek M1 i M2 może bowiem różnie wpływać na przeżywalność neuronów i oligodendrocytów, na wzrost aksonów, na proces demielinizacji czy na szczelność bariery krew–mózg. Wynika to z różnic między fenotypami w wytwarzaniu reaktywnych form tlenu i tlenku azotu, wydzielaniu cytokin i czynników wzrostu, bezpośrednich oddziaływaniach na sąsiednie komórki i zdolnościach do fagocytozy. W artykule omówiono to zagadnienie w: udarze mózgu, urazie rdzenia kręgowego, chorobie Alzheimera, stwardnieniu zanikowym bocznym i stwardnieniu rozsianym. W wielu spośród tych patologii obserwuje się gradient czasowy lub przestrzenny rozmieszczenia w tkance poszczególnych fenotypów mikrogleju i/lub makrofagów. Wydaje się zatem, że zmiany polaryzacji makrofagów mogą potencjalnie sprzyjać regeneracji tkanki lub hamować rozwój chorób neurodegeneracyjnych.
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang J, Jiang H, Wu F, Chi X, Pang Y, Jin H, Sun Y, Zhang S. Neuroprotective Effects of Hesperetin in Regulating Microglia Polarization after Ischemic Stroke by Inhibiting TLR4/NF- κB Pathway. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:9938874. [PMID: 34956584 PMCID: PMC8709759 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9938874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the influence of hesperidin on the polarization of microglia to clarify the key mechanism of regulating the polarization of M2 microglia. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into middle cerebral artery occlusion model group (MCAO group), MCAO + hesperidin treatment group (MCAO + hesperidin group), and sham group (sham operation group). The mice were assessed with neurological scores for their functional status. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazole chloride (TTC) was used to determine the volume of cerebral infarction. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to detect brain loss. The system with 1% O2, 5% CO2, and 92% N2 was applied to establish BV2 in vitro model induced by MCAO. TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β, and IL-10 levels of cytokines in the supernatant were detected by ELISA. RT-qPCR was used to detect mRNA levels of M1 iNOS, CD11b, CD32, and CD86, and mRNA levels of M2 CD206, Arg-1, and TGF-β. The Iba-1, iNOS, and Arg-1 of microglia and protein levels of TLR4 and p-NF-κB related to the pathway were detected by Western blot. After treatment with hesperidin, BV2 cells induced by MCAO in vitro can reduce the proinflammatory cytokines of TNF-α and IL-1β significantly, further upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokines of TGF-β, IL-10 while inhibiting TLR4 and p-NF-κB expression. The MCAO-induced BV2 cells treated by TLR-4 inhibitor TAK-242 and NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 had similar polarization effects to those treated with hesperidin. This study found that hesperetin gavage treatment can improve the neurological deficit and regulate the polarization of microglia in MCAO mice. In vitro experiments further verified that hesperidin plays a neuroprotective role by inhibiting the TLR4-NF-κB pathway, thus providing new targets and strategies for neuroprotection and nerve repair after ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Neurology Four Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Division of Liver Disease, Qiqihar Seventh Hospital, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Xiaofei Chi
- Department of Neurology Four Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Neurology Four Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Hongwei Jin
- Department of Neurology Four Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Yuyang Sun
- Department of Neurology Four Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| | - Shicun Zhang
- Department of Neurology Four Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161000, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Stuckey SM, Ong LK, Collins-Praino LE, Turner RJ. Neuroinflammation as a Key Driver of Secondary Neurodegeneration Following Stroke? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313101. [PMID: 34884906 PMCID: PMC8658328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic stroke involves the rapid onset of focal neurological dysfunction, most commonly due to an arterial blockage in a specific region of the brain. Stroke is a leading cause of death and common cause of disability, with over 17 million people worldwide suffering from a stroke each year. It is now well-documented that neuroinflammation and immune mediators play a key role in acute and long-term neuronal tissue damage and healing, not only in the infarct core but also in distal regions. Importantly, in these distal regions, termed sites of secondary neurodegeneration (SND), spikes in neuroinflammation may be seen sometime after the initial stroke onset, but prior to the presence of the neuronal tissue damage within these regions. However, it is key to acknowledge that, despite the mounting information describing neuroinflammation following ischaemic stroke, the exact mechanisms whereby inflammatory cells and their mediators drive stroke-induced neuroinflammation are still not fully understood. As a result, current anti-inflammatory treatments have failed to show efficacy in clinical trials. In this review we discuss the complexities of post-stroke neuroinflammation, specifically how it affects neuronal tissue and post-stroke outcome acutely, chronically, and in sites of SND. We then discuss current and previously assessed anti-inflammatory therapies, with a particular focus on how failed anti-inflammatories may be repurposed to target SND-associated neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M. Stuckey
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia; (S.M.S.); (L.E.C.-P.)
| | - Lin Kooi Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Lyndsey E. Collins-Praino
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia; (S.M.S.); (L.E.C.-P.)
| | - Renée J. Turner
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia; (S.M.S.); (L.E.C.-P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8313-3114
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wasan H, Singh D, Joshi B, Sharma U, Dinda AK, Reeta KH. Post Stroke Safinamide Treatment Attenuates Neurological Damage by Modulating Autophagy and Apoptosis in Experimental Model of Stroke in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6121-6135. [PMID: 34453687 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exploring and repurposing a drug have become a lower risk alternative. Safinamide, approved for Parkinson's disease, has shown neuroprotection in various animal models of neurological disorders. The present study aimed to explore the potential of safinamide in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were used in middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke. The effective dose of safinamide was selected based on the results of neurobehavioral parameters and reduction in infarct size assessed 24 h post-reperfusion. For sub-acute study, the treatment with effective dose was extended for 3 days and effects on neurobehavioral parameters, infarct size (TTC staining and MRI), oxidative stress parameters (MDA, GSH, SOD, NOX-2), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10), apoptosis (Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3 expression, and TUNEL staining), and autophagy (pAMPK, Beclin-1, LC3-II expression) were studied. The results of dose selection study showed significant reduction (p < 0.05) in infarct size and improvement in neurobehavioral parameters with safinamide (80 mg/kg). In sub-acute study, safinamide showed significant (p < 0.05) improvement in motor coordination and infarct size reduction. Additionally, safinamide treatment significantly normalized altered redox homeostasis and inflammatory cytokine levels. However, no change was observed in expression of NOX-2 in I/R or safinamide treatment group when compared with sham. I/R induced deranged expression of apoptotic markers and increased TUNEL positive cells in cortex were significantly normalized with safinamide treatment. Further, safinamide significantly (p < 0.05) induced the expressions of autophagic proteins (Beclin-1 and LC3-II) in cortex. Overall, the results demonstrated neuroprotective potential of safinamide via anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and autophagy inducing properties. Thus, safinamide can be explored for repurposing in ischemic stroke after further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himika Wasan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Devendra Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Balu Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Sharma
- Department of NMR, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A K Dinda
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - K H Reeta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mun J, Jung J, Park C. Effects of cerebral hypoperfusion on the cerebral white matter: a meta‑analysis. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2021; 81:295-306. [PMID: 34672300 DOI: 10.21307/ane-2021-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in aging is known to induce aging‑related cerebral deteriorations, such as neuronal degeneration, white matter (WM) alterations, and vascular deformations. However, the effects of cerebral hypoperfusion on WM alterations remain unclear. This study investigates the relationship between cerebral hypoperfusion and WM total volume changes by assessing the trends in CBF and WM changes by meta‑analysis. In this meta‑analysis, the differences in CBF were compared according to cerebral hypoperfusion type and the effect of cerebral hypoperfusion on the total volume of WM changes in rodents. Using subgroup analysis, 13 studies were evaluated for comparing CBF according to the type of cerebral hypoperfusion; 12 studies were evaluated for comparing the effects of cerebral hypoperfusion on the total volume of WM changes. Our meta‑analysis shows that the total volume of WM decreases with a decrease in CBF. However, the reduction in\r\nthe total volume of WM was greater in normal aging mice than in the cerebral hypoperfusion model mice. These results suggest that the reduction of cerebral WM volume during the aging process is affected by other factors in addition to a decrease in CBF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Mun
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyang Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hao S, Zhong Z, Qu W, Huang Z, Sun F, Qiu M. Melatonin supplementation in the subacute phase after ischemia alleviates postischemic sleep disturbances in rats. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2366. [PMID: 34520636 PMCID: PMC8553311 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders are highly prevalent among stroke survivors and impede stroke recovery. It is well established that melatonin has neuroprotective effects in animal models of ischemic stroke. However, as a modulator of endogenous physiological circadian rhythms, the effects of melatonin on poststroke sleep disorders remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated how melatonin delivered intraperitoneally once daily in the subacute phase after stroke onset, influencing neuronal survival, motor recovery, and sleep-wake profiles in rats. METHODS Transient ischemic stroke in male Sprague-Dawley rats was induced with 30 min occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Melatonin or vehicle was delivered intraperitoneally once daily in the subacute phase, from 2 to 7 days after stroke. Electroencephalogram and electromyogram recordings were obtained simultaneously. RESULTS Compared to the effects observed in the vehicle-treated ischemic group, after 6 daily consecutive treatment of melatonin at 10 mg/kg starting at ischemic/reperfusion day 2, the infarct volume was significantly decreased (from 39.6 to 26.2%), and the degeneration of axons in the ipsilateral striatum and the contralateral corpus callosum were significantly alleviated. Sensorimotor performances were obviously improved as evidenced by significant increases in the latency to falling off the wire and in the use of the impaired forelimb. In addition to those predictable results of reducing brain tissue damage and mitigating behavioral deficits, repeated melatonin treatment during the subacute phase of stroke also alleviated sleep fragmentation through reducing sleep-wake stage transitions and stage bouts, together with increasing stage durations. Furthermore, daily administration of melatonin at 9 a.m. significantly increased the nonrapid eye movement sleep delta power during both the light and dark periods and decreased the degree of reduction of the circadian index. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin promptly reversed ischemia-induced sleep disturbances. The neuroprotective effects of melatonin on ischemic injury may be partially associated with its role in sleep modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu‐Mei Hao
- Department of NeurobiologyInstitute for Basic Research on Aging and MedicineSchool of Basic Medical ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhi‐Gang Zhong
- Department of NeurobiologyInstitute for Basic Research on Aging and MedicineSchool of Basic Medical ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei‐Min Qu
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhi‐Li Huang
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Feng‐Yan Sun
- Department of NeurobiologyInstitute for Basic Research on Aging and MedicineSchool of Basic Medical ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Mei‐Hong Qiu
- Department of NeurobiologyInstitute for Basic Research on Aging and MedicineSchool of Basic Medical ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Desai A, Chen H, Kevala K, Kim HY. Higher n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Diet Improves Long-Term Neuropathological and Functional Outcome after Repeated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:2622-2632. [PMID: 33913741 PMCID: PMC8403198 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause persistent neuropathological effects and is a major risk factor for chronic traumatic encephalopathy. PUFAs (n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) were shown to improve acute TBI outcomes in single-injury models in most cases. In this study, we demonstrate positive effects of dietary n-3 PUFA on long-term neuropathological and functional outcome in a clinically relevant model of repeated mild TBI using the Closed-Head Impact Model of Engineered Rotational Acceleration (CHIMERA). Adult mice, reared on n-3 PUFA adequate (higher n-3 PUFA) or deficient (lower n-3 PUFA) diets, were given a mild CHIMERA daily for 3 consecutive days. At 2 months after injury, visual function and spatial memory were evaluated. Glia cell activation was assessed by immunostaining using antibodies of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, and axonal damage was examined using silver staining. Repeated CHIMERA (rCHIMERA)-induced gliosis was significantly suppressed in the optic tract, corpus callosum, and hippocampus of mice fed the n-3 PUFA adequate diet compared to the deficient diet group. Considerable axonal damage was detected in the optic tract after rCHIMERA, but the adequate diet group displayed less axonal damage compared to the deficient diet group. rCHIMERA induced a drastic reduction in N1 amplitude of the visual evoked potential in both diet groups and the a-wave amplitude of the electroretinogram in the deficient diet group. However, reduction of N1 and a-wave amplitude were less severe in the adequate diet group. The Morris water maze probe test indicated a significant decrease in the number of platform crossings in the deficient diet group compared to the adequate group. In summary, dietary n-3 PUFA can attenuate persistent glial cell activation and axonal damage and improve deficits in visual function and spatial memory after repeated mild TBI. These data support the neuroprotective potential of a higher n-3 PUFA diet in ameliorating the adverse outcome of repeated mild TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Desai
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Huazhen Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Karl Kevala
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hee-Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroimmune Crosstalk in the Pathogenesis of Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179486. [PMID: 34502395 PMCID: PMC8431165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke disrupts the homeostatic balance within the brain and is associated with a significant accumulation of necrotic cellular debris, fluid, and peripheral immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Additionally, cells, antigens, and other factors exit the brain into the periphery via damaged blood–brain barrier cells, glymphatic transport mechanisms, and lymphatic vessels, which dramatically influence the systemic immune response and lead to complex neuroimmune communication. As a result, the immunological response after stroke is a highly dynamic event that involves communication between multiple organ systems and cell types, with significant consequences on not only the initial stroke tissue injury but long-term recovery in the CNS. In this review, we discuss the complex immunological and physiological interactions that occur after stroke with a focus on how the peripheral immune system and CNS communicate to regulate post-stroke brain homeostasis. First, we discuss the post-stroke immune cascade across different contexts as well as homeostatic regulation within the brain. Then, we focus on the lymphatic vessels surrounding the brain and their ability to coordinate both immune response and fluid homeostasis within the brain after stroke. Finally, we discuss how therapeutic manipulation of peripheral systems may provide new mechanisms to treat stroke injury.
Collapse
|
46
|
Microglia as the Critical Regulators of Neuroprotection and Functional Recovery in Cerebral Ischemia. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2505-2525. [PMID: 34460037 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microglial activation is considered as the critical pathogenic event in diverse central nervous system disorders including cerebral ischemia. Proinflammatory responses of activated microglia have been well reported in the ischemic brain and neuroinflammatory responses of activated microglia have been believed to be the potential therapeutic strategy. However, despite having proinflammatory roles, microglia can have significant anti-inflammatory roles and they are associated with the production of growth factors which are responsible for neuroprotection and recovery after ischemic injury. Microglia can directly promote neuroprotection by preventing ischemic infarct expansion and promoting functional outcomes. Indirectly, microglia are involved in promoting anti-inflammatory responses, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis in the ischemic brain which are crucial pathophysiological events for ischemic recovery. In fact, anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors produced by microglia can promote neuroprotection and attenuate neurobehavioral deficits. In addition, microglia regulate phagocytosis, axonal regeneration, blood-brain barrier protection, white matter integrity, and synaptic remodeling, which are essential for ischemic recovery. Microglia can also regulate crosstalk with neurons and other cell types to promote neuroprotection and ischemic recovery. This review mainly focuses on the roles of microglia in neuroprotection and recovery following ischemic injury. Furthermore, this review also sheds the light on the therapeutic potential of microglia in stroke patients.
Collapse
|
47
|
Li W, Chopp M, Zacharek A, Yang W, Chen Z, Landschoot-Ward J, Venkat P, Chen J. SUMO1 Deficiency Exacerbates Neurological and Cardiac Dysfunction after Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Aged Mice. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 12:631-642. [PMID: 32761461 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO1) reduces cardiac hypertrophy and induces neuroprotective effects. Previous studies have found that intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) provokes cardiac deficit in the absence of primary cardiac diseases in mice. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that SUMO1 deficiency leads to worse brain and heart dysfunction after ICH and SUMO1 plays a key role in regulating brain-heart interaction after ICH in aged mice. Aged (18-20 months) female SUMO1 null (SUMO1-/-) mice and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8/group): (1) WT-sham group, (2) SUMO1-/--sham group, (3) WT-ICH group, and (4) SUMO1-/--ICH group. Cardiac function was measured by echocardiography. Neurological and cognitive functional tests were performed. Mice were sacrificed at 10 days after ICH for histological and immunohistochemically staining. Compared with WT-sham mice, WT-ICH mice exhibited (1) significantly (P < 0.05) decreased SUMO1 expression in heart tissue, (2) evident neurological and cognitive dysfunction as well as brain white matter deficits, (3) significantly increased cardiac dysfunction, and (4) inflammatory factor expression in the heart and brain. Compared with WT-ICH mice, SUMO1-/--ICH mice exhibited significantly increased: (1) brain hemorrhage volume, worse neurological and cognitive deficits, and increased white matter deficits; (2) cardiac dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis; (3) inflammatory response both in heart and brain tissue. Aged SUMO1-deficient female mice subjected to ICH not only exhibit increased neurological and cognitive functional deficit but also significantly increased cardiac dysfunction and inflammatory cell infiltration into the heart and brain. These data suggest that SUMO1 plays an important role in brain-heart interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI-48309, USA
| | - Alex Zacharek
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC-27710, USA
| | - Zhili Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
| | | | - Poornima Venkat
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI-48202, USA
| | - Jieli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI-48202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Huang JT, Mao YQ, Han B, Zhang ZY, Chen HL, Li ZM, Kong CY, Xu JQ, Cai PR, Zeng YP, Zhao J, Zhao YP, Wang LS. Calorie restriction conferred improvement effect on long-term rehabilitation of ischemic stroke via gut microbiota. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105726. [PMID: 34126228 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction can modulate the gut microbiota and protect against many diseases including ischemic stroke. However, the role of calorie-restriction-induced microbiota alteration remained unknown in ischemic stroke rehabilitation. Here we conducted 30% reduction of caloric intake on mice for four weeks, to evaluate its role on ischemic stroke rehabilitation. Significantly, this calorie restriction led to better long-term rehabilitation in comparison of normal control. Notably, the transplantation of gut microbiome from calorie-restriction-treated mice to post-stroke mice was eligible to obtain better long-term rehabilitation of stroke mice. Bifidobacterium identified by 16 S ribosomal RNA sequencing were enriched in those of calorie-restriction mice. Then we administrated Bifidobacterium to stroke mice and found Bifidobacterium treatment could successfully improve the long-term rehabilitation of cerebral ischemia mice. Furthermore, the metabolomics analysis revealed a panel of upshifting metabolites, suggesting that calorie restriction greatly altered the gut microbiota composition and its metabolism. Hence, we discovered the novel effect of CR on long-term rehabilitation of ischemic stroke and the underlying role of gut microbiota, which might provide novel thoughts for the clinical post-stroke rehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China; Department of General Medicine, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu-Qin Mao
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China.
| | - Bing Han
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China.
| | - Zheng-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui-Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhan-Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China.
| | - Chao-Yue Kong
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China.
| | - Jia-Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China.
| | - Pei-Ran Cai
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Peng Zeng
- Department of General Medicine, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan-Ping Zhao
- Department of General Medicine, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China.
| | - Li-Shun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Whole-Period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Alzheimer Disease. From Dysbiosis to Neurodegeneration: Focus on the Central Nervous System Glial Cells. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112358. [PMID: 34072107 PMCID: PMC8199461 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota-gut system can be thought of as a single unit that interacts with the brain via the "two-way" microbiota-gut-brain axis. Through this axis, a constant interplay mediated by the several products originating from the microbiota guarantees the physiological development and shaping of the gut and the brain. In the present review will be described the modalities through which the microbiota and gut control each other, and the main microbiota products conditioning both local and brain homeostasis. Much evidence has accumulated over the past decade in favor of a significant association between dysbiosis, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Presently, the pathogenetic mechanisms triggered by molecules produced by the altered microbiota, also responsible for the onset and evolution of Alzheimer disease, will be described. Our attention will be focused on the role of astrocytes and microglia. Numerous studies have progressively demonstrated how these glial cells are important to ensure an adequate environment for neuronal activity in healthy conditions. Furthermore, it is becoming evident how both cell types can mediate the onset of neuroinflammation and lead to neurodegeneration when subjected to pathological stimuli. Based on this information, the role of the major microbiota products in shifting the activation profiles of astrocytes and microglia from a healthy to a diseased state will be discussed, focusing on Alzheimer disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
50
|
IL-2/IL-2R Antibody Complex Enhances Treg-Induced Neuroprotection by Dampening TNF-α Inflammation in an In Vitro Stroke Model. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 23:540-548. [PMID: 33830475 PMCID: PMC8613084 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present in vitro study showed that IL-2/IL-2R antibody complex facilitates Treg-induced neuroprotection in the oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model of stroke. First, we examined the role of IL-2/IL-2R-treated Tregs in OGD/R-exposed rat primary cortical cells (PCCs), which represent the cell type of the ischemic gray matter in the stroke brain. Here, OGD/R induced cell death, which was attenuated by Tregs and more robustly by IL-2/IL-2R-treated Tregs, but not by IL-2/IL-2R treatment alone. Second, we next assessed IL-2/IL-2R effects in OGD/R-exposed human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), which correspond to the white matter injury after stroke. Results revealed that a similar pattern neuroprotection as seen in the gray matter, in that OGD/R triggered cell death, which was ameliorated by Tregs and more effectively by IL-2/IL-2R-treated Tregs, but IL-2/IL-2R treatment alone was not therapeutic. Third, as we begin to understand the mechanism underlying IL-2/IL-2R engagement of Tregs, we investigated the inflammatory response in OGD/R-exposed human neural progenitor cells (NPCs), which recapitulate both ischemic gray and white matter damage in stroke. Similar to PCCs and OPCs, OGD/R produced cell death and was blocked by Tregs and more efficiently by IL-2/IL-2R-treated Tregs, whereas IL-2/IL-2R treatment alone did not alter the ischemic insult. Moreover, the inflammatory marker, TNF-α, was upregulated after OGD/R, dampened by both Tregs and more efficiently by IL-2/IL-2R-treated Tregs but more pronounced in the latter, and not affected by IL-2/IL-2R treatment alone, suggesting IL-2/IL-2R-Treg-mediated modulation of inflammatory response in stroke. Altogether, these observations support the use of IL-2/IL-2R treatment in enhancing the anti-inflammatory effects of Tregs in stroke.
Collapse
|