1
|
Bonacina F, Zhang X, Manel N, Yvan-Charvet L, Razani B, Norata GD. Lysosomes in the immunometabolic reprogramming of immune cells in atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-01072-4. [PMID: 39304748 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes have a central role in the disposal of extracellular and intracellular cargo and also function as metabolic sensors and signalling platforms in the immunometabolic reprogramming of macrophages and other immune cells in atherosclerosis. Lysosomes can rapidly sense the presence of nutrients within immune cells, thereby switching from catabolism of extracellular material to the recycling of intracellular cargo. Such a fine-tuned degradative response supports the generation of metabolic building blocks through effectors such as mTORC1 or TFEB. By coupling nutrients to downstream signalling and metabolism, lysosomes serve as a crucial hub for cellular function in innate and adaptive immune cells. Lysosomal dysfunction is now recognized to be a hallmark of atherogenesis. Perturbations in nutrient-sensing and signalling have profound effects on the capacity of immune cells to handle cholesterol, perform phagocytosis and efferocytosis, and limit the activation of the inflammasome and other inflammatory pathways. Strategies to improve lysosomal function hold promise as novel modulators of the immunoinflammatory response associated with atherosclerosis. In this Review, we describe the crosstalk between lysosomal biology and immune cell function and polarization, with a particular focus on cellular immunometabolic reprogramming in the context of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicolas Manel
- Immunity and Cancer Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Yvan-Charvet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU), Oncoage, Nice, France
| | - Babak Razani
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Asimakidou E, Reynolds R, Barron AM, Lo CH. Autolysosomal acidification impairment as a mediator for TNFR1 induced neuronal necroptosis in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1869-1870. [PMID: 38227498 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Evridiki Asimakidou
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard Reynolds
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna M Barron
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chih Hung Lo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun X, Gu R, Bai J. Differentiation and regulation of CD4 + T cell subsets in Parkinson's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:352. [PMID: 39153043 PMCID: PMC11335276 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, and its hallmark pathological features are the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn). It has been shown that the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is damaged in PD patients, and a large number of infiltrating T cells and inflammatory cytokines have been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain parenchyma of PD patients and PD animal models, including significant change in the number and proportion of different CD4+ T cell subsets. This suggests that the neuroinflammatory response caused by CD4+ T cells is an important risk factor for the development of PD. Here, we systematically review the differentiation of CD4+ T cell subsets, and focus on describing the functions and mechanisms of different CD4+ T cell subsets and their secreted cytokines in PD. We also summarize the current immunotherapy targeting CD4+ T cells with a view to providing assistance in the diagnosis and treatment of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Sun
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Rou Gu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Peng Q, Wang X, Xiao X, Shi K. Nanotherapeutics targeting autophagy regulation for improved cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2447-2474. [PMID: 38828133 PMCID: PMC11143539 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical efficacy of current cancer therapies falls short, and there is a pressing demand to integrate new targets with conventional therapies. Autophagy, a highly conserved self-degradation process, has received considerable attention as an emerging therapeutic target for cancer. With the rapid development of nanomedicine, nanomaterials have been widely utilized in cancer therapy due to their unrivaled delivery performance. Hence, considering the potential benefits of integrating autophagy and nanotechnology in cancer therapy, we outline the latest advances in autophagy-based nanotherapeutics. Based on a brief background related to autophagy and nanotherapeutics and their impact on tumor progression, the feasibility of autophagy-based nanotherapeutics for cancer treatment is demonstrated. Further, emerging nanotherapeutics developed to modulate autophagy are reviewed from the perspective of cell signaling pathways, including modulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, autophagy-related (ATG) and its complex expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitophagy, interference with autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and inhibition of hypoxia-mediated autophagy. In addition, combination therapies in which nano-autophagy modulation is combined with chemotherapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy are also described. Finally, the prospects and challenges of autophagy-based nanotherapeutics for efficient cancer treatment are envisioned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunmeng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qikai Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiyue Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Kai Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu Q, Ding J, Li S, Li Y. Autophagy in cancer immunotherapy: Perspective on immune evasion and cell death interactions. Cancer Lett 2024; 590:216856. [PMID: 38583651 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Both the innate and adaptive immune systems work together to produce immunity. Cancer immunotherapy is a novel approach to tumor suppression that has arisen in response to the ineffectiveness of traditional treatments like radiation and chemotherapy. On the other hand, immune evasion can diminish immunotherapy's efficacy. There has been a lot of focus in recent years on autophagy and other underlying mechanisms that impact the possibility of cancer immunotherapy. The primary feature of autophagy is the synthesis of autophagosomes, which engulf cytoplasmic components and destroy them by lysosomal degradation. The planned cell death mechanism known as autophagy can have opposite effects on carcinogenesis, either increasing or decreasing it. It is autophagy's job to maintain the balance and proper functioning of immune cells like B cells, T cells, and others. In addition, autophagy controls whether macrophages adopt the immunomodulatory M1 or M2 phenotype. The ability of autophagy to control the innate and adaptive immune systems is noteworthy. Interleukins and chemokines are immunological checkpoint chemicals that autophagy regulates. Reducing antigen presentation to induce immunological tolerance is another mechanism by which autophagy promotes cancer survival. Therefore, targeting autophagy is of importance for enhancing potential of cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yu
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiajun Ding
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shisen Li
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang JB, Wang F, Tang YT, Pang MZ, Li D, Liu CF. Inhibition of GluN2D-Containing NMDA Receptors Protects Dopaminergic Neurons against 6-OHDA-Induced Neurotoxicity via Activating ERK/NRF2/HO-1 Signaling. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:572-581. [PMID: 38277219 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal glutamate signaling is implicated in the heightened vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). NMDA receptors are ion-gated glutamate receptors with high calcium permeability, and their GluN2D subunits are prominently distributed in the basal ganglia and brainstem nuclei. Previous studies have reported that dopamine depletion led to the dysfunctions of GluN2D-containing NMDA receptors in PD animal models. However, it remains unknown whether selective modulation of GluN2D could protect dopaminergic neurons against neurotoxicity in PD. In this study, we found that allosteric activation of GluN2D-containing NMDA receptors decreased the cell viability of MES23.5 dopaminergic cells and the GluN2D inhibitor, QNZ46, showed antioxidant effects and significantly relieved apoptosis in 6-OHDA-treated cells. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that QNZ46 might act via activation of the ERK/NRF2/HO-1 pathway. We also verified that QNZ46 could rescue abnormal behaviors and attenuate dopaminergic cell loss in a 6-OHDA-lesioned rat model of PD. Although the precise mechanisms underlying the efficacy of QNZ46 in vivo remain elusive, the inhibition of the GluN2D subunit should be a considerable way to treat PD. More GluN2D-selective drugs, which present minimal side effects and broad therapeutic windows, need to be developed for PD treatment in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Bao Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Yu-Ting Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Pang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Neurology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
- Department of Neurology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian 223800, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang D, Gu X, Ma X, Chen J, Zhang Q, Yu Z, Li J, Hu M, Tan X, Tang Y, Xu J, Xu M, Song Q, Song H, Jiang G, Tang Z, Gao X, Chen H. Nanopolyphenol rejuvenates microglial surveillance of multiple misfolded proteins through metabolic reprogramming. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:834-851. [PMID: 36873190 PMCID: PMC9978858 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial surveillance plays an essential role in clearing misfolded proteins such as amyloid-beta, tau, and α-synuclein aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases. However, due to the complex structure and ambiguous pathogenic species of the misfolded proteins, a universal approach to remove the misfolded proteins remains unavailable. Here, we found that a polyphenol, α-mangostin, reprogrammed metabolism in the disease-associated microglia through shifting glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, which holistically rejuvenated microglial surveillance capacity to enhance microglial phagocytosis and autophagy-mediated degradation of multiple misfolded proteins. Nanoformulation of α-mangostin efficiently delivered α-mangostin to microglia, relieved the reactive status and rejuvenated the misfolded-proteins clearance capacity of microglia, which thus impressively relieved the neuropathological changes in both Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease model mice. These findings provide direct evidences for the concept of rejuvenating microglial surveillance of multiple misfolded proteins through metabolic reprogramming, and demonstrate nanoformulated α-mangostin as a potential and universal therapy against neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao Gu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xinyi Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhihua Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Meng Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaofang Tan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuyun Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jianrong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Minjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qingxiang Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Huahua Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Gan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zaiming Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang Y, Wen D, Yuan Y, Chen W. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Genetic Experiment Reveal Changes in Cell Signaling Pathways Induced by α-Synuclein Overexpression. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020263. [PMID: 36830800 PMCID: PMC9953658 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of alpha synuclein (α-Syn) in sporadic and familial Parkinson's disease (PD) may be a key step in its pathogenesis. In this study, the expression matrix of the GSE95427 dataset after α-Syn overexpression in human glioma cell line H4 was obtained from the GEO database. We used the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) method to reanalyze this dataset to evaluate the possible functions of α-Syn. The results showed that the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) signal was significantly activated in α-Syn-overexpressing cells, and oxidative phosphorylation signal, extracellular matrix signal, cell cycle related signal and fatty acid metabolism signal were significantly inhibited. Moreover, we employed the α-Syn-expressing transgenic Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease and knocked-down eiger, a TNF superfamily ligand homologue, indicating that the TNF-α pathway plays a role in the common pathogenesis of synucleinopathies. Our analysis based on GSEA data provides more clues for a better understanding of α-Syn function.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sarkar A, Kumar L, Hameed R, Nazir A. Multiple checkpoints of protein clearance machinery are modulated by a common microRNA, miR-4813-3p, through its putative target genes: Studies employing transgenic C. elegans model. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119342. [PMID: 35998789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to maintain cellular homeostasis and a healthy state, aberrant and aggregated proteins are to be recognized and rapidly cleared from cells. Parkinson's disease, known to be associated with multiple factors; presents with impaired clearance of aggregated alpha synuclein as a key factor. We endeavored to study microRNA molecules with potential role on regulating multiple checkpoints of protein quality control within cells. Carrying out global miRNA profiling in a transgenic C. elegans model that expresses human alpha synuclein, we identified novel miRNA, miR-4813-3p, as a significantly downregulated molecule. Further studying its putative downstream target genes, we were able to mechanistically characterize six genes gbf-1, vha-5, cup-5, cpd-2, acs-1 and C27A12.7, which relate to endpoints associated with alpha synuclein expression, oxidative stress, locomotory behavior, autophagy and apoptotic pathways. Our study reveals the novel role of miR-4813-3p and provides potential functional characterization of its putative target genes, in regulating the various pathways associated with PQC network. miR-4813-3p modulates ERUPR, MTUPR, autophagosome-lysosomal-pathway and the ubiquitin-proteasomal-system, making this molecule an interesting target for further studies towards therapeutically addressing multifactorial aspect of Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunabh Sarkar
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Rohil Hameed
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Aamir Nazir
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Autophagy in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192996. [PMID: 36230955 PMCID: PMC9564118 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a stress-induced process that eliminates damaged organelles and dysfunctional cargos in cytoplasm, including unfolded proteins. Autophagy is involved in constructing the immunosuppressive microenvironment during tumor initiation and progression. It appears to be one of the most common processes involved in cancer immunotherapy, playing bidirectional roles in immunotherapy. Accumulating evidence suggests that inducing or inhibiting autophagy contributes to immunotherapy efficacy. Hence, exploring autophagy targets and their modifiers to control autophagy in the tumor microenvironment is an emerging strategy to facilitate cancer immunotherapy. This review summarizes recent studies on the role of autophagy in cancer immunotherapy, as well as the molecular targets of autophagy that could wake up the immune response in the tumor microenvironment, aiming to shed light on its immense potential as a therapeutic target to improve immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
11
|
Lang M, Pramstaller PP, Pichler I. Crosstalk of organelles in Parkinson's disease - MiT family transcription factors as central players in signaling pathways connecting mitochondria and lysosomes. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:50. [PMID: 35842725 PMCID: PMC9288732 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00555-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms constantly need to adapt to their surrounding environment and have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to deal with stress. Mitochondria and lysosomes are central organelles in the response to energy and nutrient availability within a cell and act through interconnected mechanisms. However, when such processes become overwhelmed, it can lead to pathologies. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder (NDD) characterized by proteinaceous intracellular inclusions and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, which causes motor and non-motor symptoms. Genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the disease etiology. Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been recognized as a hallmark of PD pathogenesis, and several aspects of mitochondrial biology are impaired in PD patients and models. In addition, defects of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway have extensively been observed in cell and animal models as well as PD patients' brains, where constitutive autophagy is indispensable for adaptation to stress and energy deficiency. Genetic and molecular studies have shown that the functions of mitochondria and lysosomal compartments are tightly linked and influence each other. Connections between these organelles are constituted among others by mitophagy, organellar dynamics and cellular signaling cascades, such as calcium (Ca2+) and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling and the activation of transcription factors. Members of the Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor family (MiT), including MITF, TFE3 and TFEB, play a central role in regulating cellular homeostasis in response to metabolic pressure and are considered master regulators of lysosomal biogenesis. As such, they are part of the interconnection between mitochondria and lysosome functions and therefore represent attractive targets for therapeutic approaches against NDD, including PD. The activation of MiT transcription factors through genetic and pharmacological approaches have shown encouraging results at ameliorating PD-related phenotypes in in vitro and in vivo models. In this review, we summarize the relationship between mitochondrial and autophagy-lysosomal functions in the context of PD etiology and focus on the role of the MiT pathway and its potential as pharmacological target against PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lang
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Irene Pichler
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chin M, Ang KH, Davies J, Alquezar C, Garda VG, Rooney B, Leng K, Kampmann M, Arkin MR, Kao AW. Phenotypic Screening Using High-Content Imaging to Identify Lysosomal pH Modulators in a Neuronal Cell Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1505-1516. [PMID: 35522480 PMCID: PMC9121341 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are intracellular organelles responsible for the degradation of diverse macromolecules in a cell. A highly acidic pH is required for the optimal functioning of lysosomal enzymes. Loss of lysosomal intralumenal acidity can disrupt cellular protein homeostasis and is linked to age-related diseases such as neurodegeneration. Using a new robust lysosomal pH biosensor (FIRE-pHLy), we developed a cell-based fluorescence assay for high-throughput screening (HTS) and applied it to differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The goal of this study was twofold: (1) to screen for small molecules that acidify lysosomal pH and (2) to identify molecular targets and pathways that regulate lysosomal pH. We conducted a screen of 1835 bioactive compounds with annotated target information to identify lysosomal pH modulators (both acidifiers and alkalinizers). Forty-five compounds passed the initial hit selection criteria, using a combined analysis approach of population-based and object-based data. Twenty-three compounds were retested in dose-response assays and two compounds, OSI-027 and PP242, were identified as top acidifying hits. Overall, data from this phenotypic HTS screen may be used to explore novel regulatory pathways of lysosomal pH regulation. Additionally, OSI-027 and PP242 may serve as useful tool compounds to enable mechanistic studies of autophagy activation and lysosomal acidification as potential therapeutic pathways for neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus
Y. Chin
- Memory
and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San
Francisco, California, California 94158, United States
- Small
Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Kean-Hooi Ang
- Small
Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Julia Davies
- Small
Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Carolina Alquezar
- Memory
and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San
Francisco, California, California 94158, United States
| | - Virginia G. Garda
- Memory
and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San
Francisco, California, California 94158, United States
- Small
Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Brendan Rooney
- Institute
for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Kun Leng
- Institute
for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Biomedical
Sciences Graduate Program, University of
California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Medical
Scientist Training Program, University of
California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute
for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michelle R. Arkin
- Small
Molecule Discovery Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Aimee W. Kao
- Memory
and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San
Francisco, California, California 94158, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang Q, Cao S, Qiu F, Kang N. Incomplete autophagy: Trouble is a friend. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1545-1587. [PMID: 35275411 DOI: 10.1002/med.21884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Incomplete autophagy is an impaired self-eating process of intracellular macromolecules and organelles in which accumulated autophagosomes do not fuse with lysosomes for degradation, resulting in the blockage of autophagic flux. In this review, we summarized the literature over the past decade describing incomplete autophagy, and found that different from the double-edged sword effect of general autophagy on promoting cell survival or death, incomplete autophagy plays a crucial role in disrupting cellular homeostasis, and promotes only cell death. What matters is that incomplete autophagy is closely relevant to the pathogenesis and progression of various human diseases, which, meanwhile, intimately linking to the pharmacologic and toxicologic effects of several compounds. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the latest progress of incomplete autophagy on molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. Moreover, implications of incomplete autophagy for pharmacotherapy are also discussed, which has great relevance for our understanding of the distinctive role of incomplete autophagy in cellular physiology and disease. Consequently, targeting incomplete autophagy may contribute to the development of novel generation therapeutic agents for diverse human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Stahl-Meyer J, Holland LKK, Liu B, Maeda K, Jäättelä M. Lysosomal Changes in Mitosis. Cells 2022; 11:875. [PMID: 35269496 PMCID: PMC8909281 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery demonstrating that the leakage of cathepsin B from mitotic lysosomes assists mitotic chromosome segregation indicates that lysosomal membrane integrity can be spatiotemporally regulated. Unlike many other organelles, structural and functional alterations of lysosomes during mitosis remain, however, largely uncharted. Here, we demonstrate substantial differences in lysosomal proteome, lipidome, size, and pH between lysosomes that were isolated from human U2OS osteosarcoma cells either in mitosis or in interphase. The combination of pharmacological synchronization and mitotic shake-off yielded ~68% of cells in mitosis allowing us to investigate mitosis-specific lysosomal changes by comparing cell populations that were highly enriched in mitotic cells to those mainly in the G1 or G2 phases of the cell cycle. Mitotic cells had significantly reduced levels of lysosomal-associated membrane protein (LAMP) 1 and the active forms of lysosomal cathepsin B protease. Similar trends were observed in levels of acid sphingomyelinase and most other lysosomal proteins that were studied. The altered protein content was accompanied by increases in the size and pH of LAMP2-positive vesicles. Moreover, mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics of purified lysosomes revealed elevated levels of sphingolipids, especially sphingomyelin and hexocylceramide, and lysoglyserophospholipids in mitotic lysosomes. Interestingly, LAMPs and acid sphingomyelinase have been reported to stabilize lysosomal membranes, whereas sphingomyelin and lysoglyserophospholipids have an opposite effect. Thus, the observed lysosomal changes during the cell cycle may partially explain the reduced lysosomal membrane integrity in mitotic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stahl-Meyer
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.K.K.H.); (B.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Lya Katrine Kauffeldt Holland
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.K.K.H.); (B.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Bin Liu
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.K.K.H.); (B.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.K.K.H.); (B.L.); (K.M.)
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.K.K.H.); (B.L.); (K.M.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lai TT, Kim YJ, Ma HI, Kim YE. Evidence of Inflammation in Parkinson’s Disease and Its Contribution to Synucleinopathy. J Mov Disord 2022; 15:1-14. [PMID: 35124957 PMCID: PMC8820875 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.21078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) protein in neurons is a renowned pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In addition, accumulating evidence indicates that activated inflammatory responses are involved in the pathogenesis of PD. Thus, achieving a better understanding of the interaction between inflammation and synucleinopathy in relation to the PD process will facilitate the development of promising disease-modifying therapies. In this review, the evidence of inflammation in PD is discussed, and human, animal, and laboratory studies relevant to the relationship between inflammation and αSyn are explored as well as new therapeutic targets associated with this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thi Lai
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
- Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Yun Joong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Hyeo-il Ma
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
- Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Young Eun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
- Hallym Neurological Institute, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
- Corresponding author: Young Eun Kim, MD Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 22 Gwanpyeong-ro 170beon-gil, Dongangu, Anyang 14068, Korea / Tel: +82-31-380-3740 / E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Choezom D, Gross JC. Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 controls exosomes secretion via counteracting V-ATPase-mediated endosome acidification. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274565. [PMID: 35050379 PMCID: PMC8919340 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During endosome maturation, neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2, encoded by SMPD3) is involved in budding of intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) into late endosomes or multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Fusion of these with the plasma membrane results in secretion of exosomes or small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Here, we report that nSMase2 activity controls sEV secretion through modulation of vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) activity. Specifically, we show that nSMase2 inhibition induces V-ATPase complex assembly that drives MVB lumen acidification and consequently reduces sEV secretion. Conversely, we further demonstrate that stimulating nSMase2 activity with the inflammatory cytokine TNFα (also known as TNF) decreases acidification and increases sEV secretion. Thus, we find that nSMase2 activity affects MVB membrane lipid composition to counteract V-ATPase-mediated endosome acidification, thereby shifting MVB fate towards sEV secretion. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Changing neutral sphingomyelinase 2 activity regulates small extracellular vesicle secretion through modulation of V-ATPase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dolma Choezom
- Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Julia Christina Gross
- Developmental Biochemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Health and Medical University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou T, Zhang M, Xie Y, Chen Y, Peng S, Jing X, Lei M, Tao E, Liang Y. Effects of miRNAs in exosomes derived from α-synuclein overexpressing SH-SY5Y cells on autophagy and inflammation of microglia. Cell Signal 2021; 89:110179. [PMID: 34715309 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study has revealed that GFP-α-synuclein overexpressing SH-SY5Y cells-derived exosomes (GFP-SNCA Exo) decrease autophagy in microglia via their load of miRNAs. However, it is unclear whether GFP-SNCA Exo can affect microglial inflammation via modulation of autophagy. In order to investigate the effects of miRNAs carried by GFP-SNCA Exo on autophagy and inflammation of microglia. SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with lentivirus expressing α-synuclein and then their exosomes were collected. Western blot and laser confocal images showed that α-synuclein transferred between SH-SY5Y cells and microglia through exosomes. Differentially expressed miRNAs between GFP-SNCA Exo and the vector exosomes were detected by microarray analysis. After bioinformatics analysis of the differentially expressed miRNAs, we found that their target genes were enriched in the MAPK and autophagy-associated signaling pathway. The expression of P62, p-JNK/JNK, and p-ERK/ERK and the release of IL-6 significantly increased whereas LC3 II/I decreased in microglia exposed to GFP-SNCA Exo for 48 h when compared to the control group. But rapamycin could reverse the increasing expression of p-JNK/JNK, p-ERK/ERK and the release of IL-6 induced by GFP-SNCA Exo. Dual immunofluorescence staining for LC3B and LAMP1 showed that the fluorescence density of LC3B decreased and the fluorescence of LC3B and LAMP1 were not co-located in microglia after 48 h co-culture with GFP-SNCA Exo compared with the control group, which indicated that these exosomes decreased autophagy and impaired the autophagy flux in recipient microglia. Taken together, our results indicate that GFP-SNCA Exo activate the MAPK signaling pathway and inflammation by decreasing autophagy in microglia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianen Zhou
- Department of Emergency, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of General Practice, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yingyu Xie
- Department of Neurology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Sudan Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiuna Jing
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Enxiang Tao
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China.
| | - Yanran Liang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xu C, Wu J, Wu Y, Ren Z, Yao Y, Chen G, Fang EF, Noh JH, Liu YU, Wei L, Chen X, Sima J. TNF-α-dependent neuronal necroptosis regulated in Alzheimer's disease by coordination of RIPK1-p62 complex with autophagic UVRAG. Theranostics 2021; 11:9452-9469. [PMID: 34646380 PMCID: PMC8490500 DOI: 10.7150/thno.62376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuronal death is a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Necroptosis, as a programmed necrotic process, is activated in AD. However, what signals and factors initiate necroptosis in AD is largely unknown. Methods: We examined the expression levels of critical molecules in necroptotic signaling pathway by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and immunoblotting using brain tissues from AD patients and AD mouse models of APP/PS1 and 5×FAD. We performed brain stereotaxic injection with recombinant TNF-α, anti-TNFR1 neutralizing antibody or AAV-mediated gene expression and knockdown in APP/PS1 mice. For in vitro studies, we used TNF-α combined with zVAD-fmk and Smac mimetic to establish neuronal necroptosis models and utilized pharmacological or molecular biological approaches to study the signaling pathways. Results: We find that activated neuronal necroptosis is dependent on upstream TNF-α/TNFR1 signaling in both neuronal cell cultures and AD mouse models. Upon TNF-α stimulation, accumulated p62 recruits RIPK1 and induces its self-oligomerization, and activates downstream RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL cascade, leading to neuronal necroptosis. Ectopic accumulation of p62 is caused by impaired autophagy flux, which is mediated by UVRAG downregulation during the TNF-α-promoted necroptosis. Notably, UVRAG overexpression inhibits neuronal necroptosis in cell and mouse models of AD. Conclusions: We identify a finely controlled regulation of neuronal necroptosis in AD by coordinated TNF-α signaling, RIPK1/3 activity and autophagy machinery. Strategies that could fine-tune necroptosis and autophagy may bring in promising therapeutics for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Xu
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jialin Wu
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhichu Ren
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuyuan Yao
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guobing Chen
- Institute of Geriatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Evandro F. Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
- The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), Oslo, Norway
| | - Ji Heon Noh
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daehak-ro 99, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon
| | - Yong U. Liu
- Laboratory for Neuroscience in Health and Disease, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Libin Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xijing Chen
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jian Sima
- Laboratory of Aging Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Burtscher J, Syed MMK, Keller MA, Lashuel HA, Millet GP. Fatal attraction - The role of hypoxia when alpha-synuclein gets intimate with mitochondria. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 107:128-141. [PMID: 34428721 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction are main pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) and several other neurodegenerative diseases, collectively known as synucleinopathies. However, increasing evidence suggests that they may not be sufficient to cause PD. Here we propose the role of hypoxia as a missing link that connects the complex interplay between alpha-synuclein biochemistry and pathology, mitochondrial dysfunctions and neurodegeneration in PD. We review the partly conflicting literature on alpha-synuclein binding to membranes and mitochondria and its impact on mitochondrial functions. From there, we focus on adverse changes in cellular environments, revolving around hypoxic stress, that may trigger or facilitate PD progression. Inter-dependent structural re-arrangements of mitochondrial membranes, including increased cytoplasmic exposure of mitochondrial cardiolipins and changes in alpha-synuclein localization and conformation are discussed consequences of such conditions. Enhancing cellular resilience could be an integral part of future combination-based therapies of PD. This may be achieved by boosting the capacity of cellular and specifically mitochondrial processes to regulate and adapt to altered proteostasis, redox, and inflammatory conditions and by inducing protective molecular and tissue re-modelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Muhammed Muazzam Kamil Syed
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Markus A Keller
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hypoxia, Acidification and Inflammation: Partners in Crime in Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis? IMMUNO 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno1020006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Like in other neurodegenerative diseases, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Differentiating characteristics of PD include the central role of α-synuclein in the aggregation pathology, a distinct vulnerability of the striato-nigral system with the related motor symptoms, as well as specific mitochondrial deficits. Which molecular alterations cause neurodegeneration and drive PD pathogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we summarize evidence of the involvement of three interdependent factors in PD and suggest that their interplay is likely a trigger and/or aggravator of PD-related neurodegeneration: hypoxia, acidification and inflammation. We aim to integrate the existing knowledge on the well-established role of inflammation and immunity, the emerging interest in the contribution of hypoxic insults and the rather neglected effects of brain acidification in PD pathogenesis. Their tight association as an important aspect of the disease merits detailed investigation. Consequences of related injuries are discussed in the context of aging and the interaction of different brain cell types, in particular with regard to potential consequences on the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. A special focus is put on the identification of current knowledge gaps and we emphasize the importance of related insights from other research fields, such as cancer research and immunometabolism, for neurodegeneration research. The highlighted interplay of hypoxia, acidification and inflammation is likely also of relevance for other neurodegenerative diseases, despite disease-specific biochemical and metabolic alterations.
Collapse
|
21
|
Burtscher J, Syed MMK, Lashuel HA, Millet GP. Hypoxia Conditioning as a Promising Therapeutic Target in Parkinson's Disease? Mov Disord 2021; 36:857-861. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.28544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Muhammed Muazzam Kamil Syed
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration Brain Mind Institute, EPFL Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Hilal A. Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration Brain Mind Institute, EPFL Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P. Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pérez-Stuardo D, Espinoza A, Tapia S, Morales-Reyes J, Barrientos C, Vallejos-Vidal E, Sandino AM, Spencer E, Toro-Ascuy D, Rivas-Pardo JA, Reyes-López FE, Reyes-Cerpa S. Non-Specific Antibodies Induce Lysosomal Activation in Atlantic Salmon Macrophages Infected by Piscirickettsia salmonis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:544718. [PMID: 33281810 PMCID: PMC7688784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.544718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Piscirickettsia salmonis, an aggressive intracellular pathogen, is the etiological agent of salmonid rickettsial septicemia (SRS). This is a chronic multisystemic disease that generates high mortalities and large losses in Chilean salmon farming, threatening the sustainability of the salmon industry. Previous reports suggest that P. salmonis is able to survive and replicate in salmonid macrophages, inducing an anti-inflammatory environment and a limited lysosomal response that may be associated with host immune evasion mechanisms favoring bacterial survival. Current control and prophylaxis strategies against P. salmonis (based on the use of antibiotics and vaccines) have not had the expected success against infection. This makes it urgent to unravel the host-pathogen interaction to develop more effective therapeutic strategies. In this study, we evaluated the effect of treatment with IgM-beads on lysosomal activity in Atlantic salmon macrophage-enriched cell cultures infected with P. salmonis by analyzing the lysosomal pH and proteolytic ability through confocal microscopy. The impact of IgM-beads on cytotoxicity induced by P. salmonis in infected cells was evaluated by quantification of cell lysis through release of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Bacterial load was determined by quantification of 16S rDNA copy number by qPCR, and counting of colony-forming units (CFU) present in the extracellular and intracellular environment. Our results suggest that stimulation with antibodies promotes lysosomal activity by lowering lysosomal pH and increasing the proteolytic activity within this organelle. Additionally, incubation with IgM-beads elicits a decrease in bacterial-induced cytotoxicity in infected Atlantic salmon macrophages and reduces the bacterial load. Overall, our results suggest that stimulation of cells infected by P. salmonis with IgM-beads reverses the modulation of the lysosomal activity induced by bacterial infection, promoting macrophage survival and bacterial elimination. This work represents a new important evidence to understand the bacterial evasion mechanisms established by P. salmonis and contribute to the development of new effective therapeutic strategies against SRS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Pérez-Stuardo
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Allison Espinoza
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Tapia
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Consorcio Tecnológico de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Claudio Barrientos
- Consorcio Tecnológico de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., Santiago, Chile
| | - Eva Vallejos-Vidal
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana M Sandino
- Consorcio Tecnológico de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenio Spencer
- Consorcio Tecnológico de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Toro-Ascuy
- Laboratorio de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Andrés Rivas-Pardo
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe E Reyes-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sebastián Reyes-Cerpa
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tan X, Guan H, Yang Y, Luo S, Hou L, Chen H, Li J. Cu(II) disrupts autophagy-mediated lysosomal degradation of oligomeric Aβ in microglia via mTOR-TFEB pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 401:115090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
24
|
Zhou T, Lin D, Chen Y, Peng S, Jing X, Lei M, Tao E, Liang Y. α-synuclein accumulation in SH-SY5Y cell impairs autophagy in microglia by exosomes overloading miR-19a-3p. Epigenomics 2019; 11:1661-1677. [PMID: 31646884 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To reveal whether miRNAs in exosomes from α-synuclein transgenic SH-SY5Y cells are able to regulate autophagy in recipient microglia. Materials & methods: Microarray analysis and experimental verification were adopted to assess the significance of autophagy-associated miRNAs in exosomes from neuronal model of α-synucleinopathies. Results: We found that miR-19a-3p increased remarkably in the exosomes from α-synuclein gene transgenic SH-SY5Y cells. Further study inferred that α-synuclein gene transgenic SH-SY5Y cell-derived exosomes and miR-19a-3p mimic consistently inhibited the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog and increased the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR, both of which ultimately lead to the dysfunction of autophagy in recipient microglia. Conclusion: The data suggested that enhanced expression of miR-19a-3p in exosomes suppress autophagy in recipient microglia by targeting the phosphatase and tensin homolog/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianen Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Danyu Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Sudan Peng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Xiuna Jing
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Enxiang Tao
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Yanran Liang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rifampicin attenuates rotenone-treated microglia inflammation via improving lysosomal function. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 63:104690. [PMID: 31648047 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that lysosome dysfunction promotes the progression of several neurodegenerative diseases via hampering autophagy flux. While regulation of autophagy in microglia may affect chronic inflammation involved in Parkinson's disease (PD). Our previous studies have reported rifampicin inhibits rotenone-induced microglia inflammation by enhancing autophagy, however the precise mechanism remains unclear. Human microglia (HM) cells were pretreated with 100 μM rifampicin for 2 h followed by exposure to 0.1 μM rotenone. We found that rifampicin pretreatment suppressed the gene expression of IL-1β and IL-6 via inhibiting activation of JNK after rotenone induction, but the anti-inflammatory effect of rifampicin was reversed by chloroquine. Moreover, rifampicin pretreatment not only improved the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I in rotenone-treated cells, but also increased autolysosomes and decreased autophagosomes in RFP-GFP-LC3B transfected HM cells exposed to rotenone, thus indicating rifampicin improves autophagy flux in rotenone-treated HM cells. Finally, we verified rifampicin pretreatment enhanced ATP6V0A1 expression when compared to that exposed to rotenone alone. ATP6V0A1 knockdown inhibited the effect of rifampicin on maintaining lysosome acidification and autophagosome-lysosome fusion in rotenone-treated microglia. Taken together, our results indicated that rifampicin attenuates rotenone-induced microglia inflammation partially via elevating ATP6V0A1. Modulation of lysosomal function by rifampicin may be a novel therapeutic strategy for PD.
Collapse
|
26
|
Cui D, Ma J, Liang T, Sun L, Meng L, Liang T, Li Q. Selenium nanoparticles fabricated in laminarin polysaccharides solutions exert their cytotoxicities in HepG2 cells by inhibiting autophagy and promoting apoptosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:829-835. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
27
|
Hong X, Min SN, Zhang YY, Lin YT, Wang F, Huang Y, Yu GY, Wu LL, Yang HY. TNF-α Suppresses Autophagic Flux in Acinar Cells in IgG4-Related Sialadenitis. J Dent Res 2019; 98:1386-1396. [PMID: 31461632 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519871890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IgG4-related sialadenitis (IgG4-RS) is a newly recognized immune-mediated systemic fibroinflammatory disease that affects salivary glands and leads to hyposalivation. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a critical proinflammatory cytokine involved in several salivary gland disorders, but its role and mechanism regarding acinar cell injury in IgG4-RS are unknown. Here, we found that TNF-α level was significantly increased in serum and submandibular gland (SMG) of patients and that serum TNF-α level was negatively correlated with saliva flow rate. Ultrastructural observations of IgG4-RS SMGs revealed accumulation of large autophagic vacuoles, as well as dense fibrous bundles, decreased secretory granules, widened intercellular spaces, swollen mitochondria, and expanded endoplasmic reticulum. Expression levels of LC3 and p62 were both increased in patients' SMGs. TNF-α treatment led to elevated levels of LC3II and p62 in both SMG-C6 cells and cultured human SMG tissues but did not further increase their levels when combined with bafilomycin A1 treatment. Moreover, transfection of Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B in SMG-C6 cells confirmed the suppression of autophagic flux after TNF-α treatment. Immunofluorescence imaging revealed that costaining of LC3 and the lysosomal marker LAMP2 was significantly decreased in patients, TNF-α-treated SMG-C6 cells, and cultured human SMGs, indicating a reduction in autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Furthermore, the ratio of pro/mature cathepsin D was elevated in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro. TNF-α also appeared to induce abnormal acidification of lysosomes in acinar cells, as assessed by lysosomal pH and LysoTracker DND-26 fluorescence intensity. In addition, TNF-α treatment induced transcription factor EB (TFEB) redistribution in SMG-C6 cells, which was consistent with the changes observed in IgG4-RS patients. TNF-α increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and inhibition of ERK1/2 by U0126 reversed TNF-α-induced TFEB redistribution, lysosomal dysfunction, and autophagic flux suppression. These findings suggest that TNF-α is a key cytokine related to acinar cell injury in IgG4-RS through ERK1/2-mediated autophagic flux suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Hong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - S N Min
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Y Y Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Y T Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - F Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Y Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - G Y Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - L L Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - H Y Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Luo H, Han L, Xu J. Apelin/APJ system: A novel promising target for neurodegenerative diseases. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:638-657. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaiqing Luo
- Department of Physiology Changsha Medical University Changsha Hunan China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Physiology Changsha Medical University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Changsha Medical University Changsha Hunan China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pérez-Stuardo D, Morales-Reyes J, Tapia S, Ahumada DE, Espinoza A, Soto-Herrera V, Brianson B, Ibaceta V, Sandino AM, Spencer E, Vallejos-Vidal E, Reyes-López FE, Valdés J, Reyes-Cerpa S. Non-lysosomal Activation in Macrophages of Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar) After Infection With Piscirickettsia salmonis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:434. [PMID: 30941123 PMCID: PMC6433878 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Piscirickettsia salmonis is a facultative intracellular pathogen and etiological agent of the systemic disease salmonid rickettsial septicemia. It has been suggested that P. salmonis is able to survive in host macrophages, localized within a vacuole like-compartment which prevents lysosomal degradation. However, the relevant aspects of the pathogenesis of P. salmonis as the host modulation that allow its intracellular survival have been poorly characterized. In this study, we evaluated the role of lysosomes in the response to P. salmonis infection in macrophage-enriched cell cultures established from Atlantic salmon head kidneys. Bacterial infection was confirmed using confocal microscopy. A gentamicin protection assay was performed to recover intracellular bacteria and the 16S rDNA copy number was quantified through quantitative polymerase chain reaction in order to determine the replication of P. salmonis within macrophages. Lysosomal activity in Atlantic salmon macrophage-enriched cell cultures infected with P. salmonis was evaluated by analyzing the lysosomal pH and proteolytic ability through confocal microscopy. The results showed that P. salmonis can survive ≥120 h in Atlantic salmon macrophage-enriched cell cultures, accompanied by an increase in the detection of the 16S rDNA copy number/cell. The latter finding suggests that P. salmonis also replicates in Atlantic salmon macrophage-enriched cell cultures. Moreover, this bacterial survival and replication appears to be favored by a perturbation of the lysosomal degradation system. We observed a modulation in the total number of lysosomes and lysosomal acidification following infection with P. salmonis. Collectively, the results of this study showed that infection of Atlantic salmon macrophages with P. salmonis induced limited lysosomal response which may be associated with host immune evasion mechanisms of P. salmonis that have not been previously reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Pérez-Stuardo
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Sebastián Tapia
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego E Ahumada
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Allison Espinoza
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Bernardo Brianson
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Ibaceta
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana M Sandino
- Consorcio de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenio Spencer
- Consorcio de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eva Vallejos-Vidal
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe E Reyes-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Valdés
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Reyes-Cerpa
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jiang GM, Tan Y, Wang H, Peng L, Chen HT, Meng XJ, Li LL, Liu Y, Li WF, Shan H. The relationship between autophagy and the immune system and its applications for tumor immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:17. [PMID: 30678689 PMCID: PMC6345046 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0944-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a genetically well-controlled cellular process that is tightly controlled by a set of core genes, including the family of autophagy-related genes (ATG). Autophagy is a “double-edged sword” in tumors. It can promote or suppress tumor development, which depends on the cell and tissue types and the stages of tumor. At present, tumor immunotherapy is a promising treatment strategy against tumors. Recent studies have shown that autophagy significantly controls immune responses by modulating the functions of immune cells and the production of cytokines. Conversely, some cytokines and immune cells have a great effect on the function of autophagy. Therapies aiming at autophagy to enhance the immune responses and anti-tumor effects of immunotherapy have become the prospective strategy, with enhanced antigen presentation and higher sensitivity to CTLs. However, the induction of autophagy may also benefit tumor cells escape from immune surveillance and result in intrinsic resistance against anti-tumor immunotherapy. Increasing studies have proven the optimal use of either ATG inducers or inhibitors can restrain tumor growth and progression by enhancing anti-tumor immune responses and overcoming the anti-tumor immune resistance in combination with several immunotherapeutic strategies, indicating that induction or inhibition of autophagy might show us a prospective therapeutic strategy when combined with immunotherapy. In this article, the possible mechanisms of autophagy regulating immune system, and the potential applications of autophagy in tumor immunotherapy will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Min Jiang
- Department of Clinical laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China. .,Central Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuan Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Clinical laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Tao Chen
- Department of Clinical laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling-Ling Li
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Clinical laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Fang Li
- Department of Clinical laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Shan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Carvedilol attenuates liver fibrosis by suppressing autophagy and promoting apoptosis in hepatic stellate cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1617-1627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
32
|
Jin MM, Wang F, Qi D, Liu WW, Gu C, Mao CJ, Yang YP, Zhao Z, Hu LF, Liu CF. A Critical Role of Autophagy in Regulating Microglia Polarization in Neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:378. [PMID: 30515090 PMCID: PMC6256089 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and autophagy dysfunction are closely related to the development of neurodegeneration such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the role of autophagy in microglia polarization and neuroinflammation is poorly understood. TNF-α, which is highly toxic to dopaminergic neurons, is implicated as a major mediator of neuroinflammation in PD. In this study, we found that TNF-α resulted in an impairment of autophagic flux in microglia. Concomitantly, an increase of M1 marker (iNOS/NO, IL-1β, and IL-6) expression and reduction of M2 marker (Arginase1, Ym1/2, and IL-10) were observed in TNF-α challenged microglia. Upregulation of autophagy via serum deprivation or pharmacologic activators (rapamycin and resveratrol) promoted microglia polarization toward M2 phenotype, as evidenced by suppressed M1 and elevated M2 gene expression, while inhibition of autophagy with 3-MA or Atg5 siRNA consistently aggravated the M1 polarization induced by TNF-α. Moreover, Atg5 knockdown alone was sufficient to trigger microglia activation toward M1 status. More important, TNF-α stimulated microglia conditioned medium caused neurotoxicity when added to neuronal cells. The neurotoxicity was further aggravated when Atg5 knockdown in BV2 cells but alleviated when microglia pretreatment with rapamycin. Activation of AKT/mTOR signaling may contribute to the changes of autophagy and inflammation as the AKT specific inhibitor perifosine prevented the increase of LC3II (an autophagic marker) in TNF-α stimulated microglia. Taking together, our results demonstrate that TNF-α inhibits autophagy in microglia through AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and autophagy enhancement can promote microglia polarization toward M2 phenotype and inflammation resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Jin
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, Suzhou Municipal Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Di Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wen-Wen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Mao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ya-Ping Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, Suzhou Municipal Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Fang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, Suzhou Municipal Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Enhanced neutrophil autophagy and increased concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and MCP-1 in rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 65:119-128. [PMID: 30312880 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a high morbidity and disability disease with numerous inflammatory cells infiltrating in interstitial of articular cartilages and bones. As the most abundant inflammatory cells, neutrophil has been reported that their apoptosis changed gradually in the circumstance of RA. Apoptosis, one modality of programmed cell death (PCD), is closely associated with autophagy, which indicates neutrophil autophagy may also alter in RA. Flow cytometry, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscope and multiplex antibody microarray were used to comparative investigate the status of neutrophil autophagy in patients with RA and in vitro. The results showed that the expression of autophagy related LC3 protein was up-regulated with lower lysosomal pH in neutrophils from synovial fluid of RA and changed under stimulation of CQ and small RNA interferences (siRNAs) Atg5 transfection, which proved in acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cell lines, predominantly a neutrophilic promyelocyte, treated by plasma and synovial fluid from RA. We further found out the concentration of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and MCP-1 was higher in their synovial fluid which may mediate neutrophil autophagy in RA via cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and IL-17 signaling pathway. Our results indicate that neutrophil autophagy may be a novel perspective to understand the pathology which may provide a new maker to diagnose RA and IL-8, IL-10, MCP-1 specific antagonists and neutrophil autophagy target inhibitors may improve the therapeutic effect of RA someday.
Collapse
|
34
|
Chatterjee D, Bhatt M, Butler D, De Genst E, Dobson CM, Messer A, Kordower JH. Proteasome-targeted nanobodies alleviate pathology and functional decline in an α-synuclein-based Parkinson's disease model. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2018; 4:25. [PMID: 30155513 PMCID: PMC6105584 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-018-0062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutics designed to target α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation may be critical in halting the progression of pathology in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Nanobodies are single-domain antibody fragments that bind with antibody specificity, but allow readier genetic engineering and delivery. When expressed intracellularly as intrabodies, anti-α-syn nanobodies fused to a proteasome-targeting proline, aspartate or glutamate, serine, and threonine (PEST) motif can modulate monomeric concentrations of target proteins. Here we aimed to validate and compare the in vivo therapeutic potential of gene therapy delivery of two proteasome-directed nanobodies selectively targeting α-syn in a synuclein overexpression-based PD model: VH14*PEST (non-amyloid component region) and NbSyn87*PEST (C-terminal region). Stereotaxic injections of adeno-associated viral 5-α-syn (AAV5-α-syn) into the substantia nigra (SN) were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats that were sorted into three cohorts based on pre-operative behavioral testing. Rats were treated with unilateral SN injections of vectors for VH14*PEST, NbSyn87*PEST, or injected with saline 3 weeks post lesion. Post-mortem assessments of the SN showed that both nanobodies markedly reduced the level of phosphorylated Serine-129 α-syn labeling relative to saline-treated animals. VH14*PEST showed considerable maintenance of striatal dopaminergic tone in comparison to saline-treated and NbSyn87*PEST-treated animals as measured by tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (optical density), DAT immunoreactivity (optical density), and dopamine concentration (high-performance liquid chromatography). Microglial accumulation and inflammatory response, assessed by stereological counts of Iba-1-labeled cells, was modestly increased in NbSyn87*PEST-injected rats but not in VH14*PEST-treated or saline-treated animals. Modest behavioral rescue was also observed, although there was pronounced variability among individual animals. These data validate in vivo therapeutic efficacy of vector-delivered intracellular nanobodies targeting α-syn misfolding and aggregation in synucleinopathies such as PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diptaman Chatterjee
- 1Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL c60612 USA
| | - Mansi Bhatt
- 1Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL c60612 USA
| | - David Butler
- 2Neural Stem Cell Institute, Regenerative Research Foundation, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA.,3Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Erwin De Genst
- 4Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Christopher M Dobson
- 4Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Anne Messer
- 2Neural Stem Cell Institute, Regenerative Research Foundation, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA.,3Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Jeffrey H Kordower
- 1Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL c60612 USA.,5Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Model Senescent Microglia Induce Disease Related Changes in α-Synuclein Expression and Activity. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8030067. [PMID: 30071596 PMCID: PMC6164966 DOI: 10.3390/biom8030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the most prominent risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases. However, incorporating aging-related changes into models of neurodegeneration rarely occurs. One of the significant changes that occurs in the brain as we age is the shift in phenotype of the resident microglia population to one less able to respond to deleterious changes in the brain. These microglia are termed dystrophic microglia. In order to better model neurodegenerative diseases, we have developed a method to convert microglia into a senescent phenotype in vitro. Mouse microglia grown in high iron concentrations showed many characteristics of dystrophic microglia including, increased iron storage, increased expression of proteins, such as ferritin and the potassium channel, Kv1.3, increased reactive oxygen species production and cytokine release. We have applied this new model to the study of α-synuclein, a protein that is closely associated with a number of neurodegenerative diseases. We have shown that conditioned medium from our model dystrophic microglia increases α-synuclein transcription and expression via tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and mediated through nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). The conditioned medium also decreases the formation of α-synuclein tetramers, associated ferrireductase activity, and increases aggregates of α-synuclein. The results suggest that we have developed an interesting new model of aged microglia and that factors, including TNFα released from dystrophic microglia could have a significant influence on the pathogenesis of α-synuclein related diseases.
Collapse
|
36
|
Ge Y, Huang M, Yao YM. Autophagy and proinflammatory cytokines: Interactions and clinical implications. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 43:38-46. [PMID: 30031632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a ubiquitous cellular process that regulates cell growth, survival, development and death. Its process is closely associated with diverse conditions, such as liver diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, myopathy, heart diseases, cancer, immunization, and inflammatory diseases. Thus, understanding the modulation of autophagy may provide novel insight into potential therapeutic targets. Autophagy is closely intertwined with inflammatory and immune responses, and cytokines may help mediate this interaction. Autophagy has been shown to regulate, and be regulated by, a wide range of proinflammatory cytokines. This review aims to summarize recent progress in elucidating the interplay between autophagy and proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, and cytokines of the IL-1 family (e.g., IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-33, and IL-36).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ge
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Man Huang
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.51 Fu-Cheng Road, Beijing 100048, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dastrù W, Menchise V, Ferrauto G, Fabretto S, Carrera C, Terreno E, Aime S, Castelli DD. Modulation of the Prototropic Exchange Rate in pH-Responsive Yb-HPDO3A Derivatives as ParaCEST Agents. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Dastrù
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; Molecular Imaging Center; University of Torino; Via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| | - Valeria Menchise
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; via Mezzocannone 16 80134 Napoli Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferrauto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; Molecular Imaging Center; University of Torino; Via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| | - Serena Fabretto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; Molecular Imaging Center; University of Torino; Via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| | - Carla Carrera
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; Molecular Imaging Center; University of Torino; Via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| | - Enzo Terreno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; Molecular Imaging Center; University of Torino; Via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; Molecular Imaging Center; University of Torino; Via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| | - Daniela Delli Castelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences; Molecular Imaging Center; University of Torino; Via Nizza 52 10126 Torino Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
de Araújo FM, Ferreira RS, Souza CS, Dos Santos CC, Rodrigues TLRS, E Silva JHC, Gasparotto J, Gelain DP, El-Bachá RS, D Costa MDF, Fonseca JCM, Segura-Aguilar J, Costa SL, Silva VDA. Aminochrome decreases NGF, GDNF and induces neuroinflammation in organotypic midbrain slice cultures. Neurotoxicology 2018; 66:98-106. [PMID: 29588162 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence shows that aminochrome induces glial activation related to neuroinflammation. This dopamine derived molecule induces formation and stabilization of alpha-synuclein oligomers, mitochondria dysfunction, oxidative stress, dysfunction of proteasomal and lysosomal systems, endoplasmic reticulum stress and disruption of the microtubule network, but until now there has been no evidence of effects on production of cytokines and neurotrophic factors, that are mechanisms involved in neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study examines the potential role of aminochrome on the regulation of NGF, GDNF, TNF-α and IL-1β production and microglial activation in organotypic midbrain slice cultures from P8 - P9 Wistar rats. We demonstrated aminochrome (25 μM, for 24 h) induced reduction of GFAP expression, reduction of NGF and GDNF mRNA levels, morphological changes in Iba1+ cells, and increase of both TNF-α, IL-1β mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, aminochrome (25 μM, for 48 h) induced morphological changes in the edge of slices and reduction of TH expression. These results demonstrate neuroinflammation, as well as negative regulation of neurotrophic factors (GDNF and NGF), may be involved in aminochrome-induced neurodegeneration, and they contribute to a better understanding of PD pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fillipe M de Araújo
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Rafael S Ferreira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cleide S Souza
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cleonice Creusa Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Tácio L R S Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Juliana Helena C E Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Juciano Gasparotto
- Centro de estudos em Estresse oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquimica, PPG Bioquimica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Centro de estudos em Estresse oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquimica, PPG Bioquimica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ramon S El-Bachá
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima D Costa
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - José Claudio M Fonseca
- Centro de estudos em Estresse oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquimica, PPG Bioquimica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juan Segura-Aguilar
- Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Silvia L Costa
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Victor Diogenes A Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Biologia Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Guo X, Tang P, Chen L, Liu P, Hou C, Zhang X, Liu Y, Chong L, Li X, Li R. Amyloid β-Induced Redistribution of Transcriptional Factor EB and Lysosomal Dysfunction in Primary Microglial Cells. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:228. [PMID: 28769785 PMCID: PMC5515861 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired clearance of Amyloid β (Aβ) by microglia in the brain may be associated with the senile plaque formation, a pathological hallmark relevant to Alzheimer's disease. Microglial cells in the brain are not able to efficiently degrade Aβ, suggesting that microglial lysosome impairment may occur. However, the mechanism of Aβ-induced impairment of microglia remains poorly understood. We observed the effects of Aβ on the trafficking of nuclear transcriptional factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosome biogenesis, and the expression of a downstream osteoporosis-associated transmembrane protein 1 (OSTM1), a vital molecule involved in lysosome acidification in primary microglial cells. Aβ1−42 but not Aβ42−1 resulted in a significant release of tumor necrosis factor-α in primary microglia, but the total cellular TFEB was not changed. Further, Aβ induced a dose-dependent reduction of the TFEB in the nucleus of primary microglial cells, coincident with the increase in the plasma, as revealed by Western blot and confocal microscopy. In addition, a dramatic decrease of OSTM1 expression was observed in the Aβ-challenged microglial cells, along with the intracellular pH steady state, indicating the inadequate lysosomal acidification. These data suggest that Aβ might result in a lysosomal dysfunction via inhibiting nuclear TFEB translocation in microglial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, and the Third Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of MedicineXi'an, China
| | - Peng Tang
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, and the Third Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of MedicineXi'an, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, and the Third Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of MedicineXi'an, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, and the Third Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of MedicineXi'an, China
| | - Chen Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, and the Third Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of MedicineXi'an, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, and the Third Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of MedicineXi'an, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, and the Third Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of MedicineXi'an, China
| | - Li Chong
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, and the Third Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of MedicineXi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, and the Third Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of MedicineXi'an, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, and the Third Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of MedicineXi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ogasawara M, Yano T, Tanno M, Abe K, Ishikawa S, Miki T, Kuno A, Tobisawa T, Muratsubaki S, Ohno K, Tatekoshi Y, Nakata K, Ohwada W, Miura T. Suppression of autophagic flux contributes to cardiomyocyte death by activation of necroptotic pathways. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017. [PMID: 28647341 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of necroptosis in myocardial injury has not been fully characterized. Here we examined roles of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and autophagy in necroptosis of cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS In H9c2 cells, necroptosis was induced by treatment with TNF-α (TNF) and z-VAD-fmk (zVAD) for 24h, and necroptotic death was determined by LDH release (as % of total). TNF/zVAD increased LDH release from 16.6±4.3% to 60.6±2.7%, and the LDH release was suppressed by necrostatin-1 (29.4±4.0%), a RIP1 inhibitor, and by siRNA-mediated knockdown of RIP3 (27.7±2.0%), confirming RIP1-RIP3-dependent necroptosis. TNF/zVAD-induced necroptosis was not attenuated by mPTP inhibitors or GSK-3β inhibitors. TNF/zVAD increased LC3-II level, but the change was not further enhanced by bafilomycin A1. The increase of LC3-II by TNF/zVAD was associated with suppression of both autophagic flux and LC3-LAMP1 co-localization. TNF/zVAD did not modify phosphorylation of Akt, p70s6K, AMPK, ULK1 or VASP but significantly increased RIP1-p62 binding and conversely reduced p62-LC3 binding. Rapamycin inhibited RIP1-p62 and RIP1-RIP3 interactions induced by TNF/zVAD and partly restored autophagic flux and suppressed LDH release in TNF/zVAD-treated cells. The effect of rapamycin on LDH release was reduced by knockdown of Atg5 expression. Knockdown of p62 by siRNA augmented LDH release by TNF/zVAD. CONCLUSION Suppression of autophagic flux contributes to RIP1-RIP3 interaction and necroptosis of cardiomyocytes, and sequestration of p62 from its interaction with LC3-II by p62-RIP1 interaction possibly underlies the suppressed autophagy. The mPTP is unlikely to play a major role in execution of necroptosis in cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ogasawara
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yano
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaya Tanno
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koki Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoko Ishikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miki
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Tobisawa
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shingo Muratsubaki
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Ohno
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tatekoshi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kei Nakata
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wataru Ohwada
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mild hypothermia protects hippocampal neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced injury by improving lysosomal function and autophagic flux. Exp Cell Res 2017. [PMID: 28624412 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mild hypothermia has been proven to be useful to treat brain ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. The present study was undertaken to determine whether mild hypothermia protects hippocampal neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion(OGD/R)-induced injury via improving lysosomal function and autophagic flux. The results showed that OGD/R induced the occurrence of autophagy, while the acidic environment inside the lysosomes was altered. The autophagic flux assay with RFP-GFP tf-LC3 was impeded in hippocampal neurons after OGD/R. Mild hypothermia recovered the lysosomal acidic fluorescence and the lysosomal marker protein expression of LAMP2, which decreased after OGD/R.Furthermore, we found that mild hypothermia up-regulated autophagic flux and promoted the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes in hippocampal neurons following OGD/R injury, but could be reversed by treatment with chloroquine, which acts as a lysosome inhibitor. We also found that mild hypothermia improved mitochondrial autophagy in hippocampal neurons following OGD/R injury. Finally,we found that chloroquine blocked the protective effects of mild hypothermia against OGD/R-induced cell death and injury. Taken together, the present study indicates that mild hypothermia protects hippocampal neurons against OGD/R-induced injury by improving lysosomal function and autophagic flux.
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhang C, Yan J, Xiao Y, Shen Y, Wang J, Ge W, Chen Y. Inhibition of Autophagic Degradation Process Contributes to Claudin-2 Expression Increase and Epithelial Tight Junction Dysfunction in TNF-α Treated Cell Monolayers. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010157. [PMID: 28106723 PMCID: PMC5297790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junction dysfunction plays a vital role in some chronic inflammatory diseases. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), act as important factors in intestinal epithelial tight junction dysfunction during inflammatory conditions. Autophagy has also been shown to be crucial in tight junction function and claudin-2 expression, but whether autophagy has an effect on the change of claudin-2 expression and tight junction function induced by TNF-α is still unknown. To answer this question, we examined the expression of claudin-2 protein, transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), and permeability of cell monolayers, autophagy flux change, and lysosomal pH after TNF-α with or without PP242 treatment. Our study showed that claudin-2 expression, intestinal permeability, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B II (LC3B-II) and sequestosome 1 (P62) expression largely increased while TER values decreased in TNF-α treated cell monolayers. Further research using 3-methyladenine (3-MA), bafilomycin A1, and ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B adenovirus demonstrated that LC3B-II increase induced by TNF-α was attributed to the inhibition of autophagic degradation. Moreover, both qualitative and quantitative method confirmed the increase of lysosomal pH, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor PP242 treatment relieved this elevation. Moreover, PP242 treatment also alleviated the change of autophagy flux, TER, and claudin-2 expression induced by TNF-α. Therefore, we conclude that increase of claudin-2 levels and intestinal epithelial tight junction dysfunction are partly caused by the inhibition of autophagic degradation in TNF-α treated cell monolayers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Junkai Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yongtao Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yujie Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jiazheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Wensong Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yingwei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang C, Yu X, Yan Y, Yang W, Zhang S, Xiang Y, Zhang J, Wang W. Tumor necrosis factor-α: a key contributor to intervertebral disc degeneration. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:1-13. [PMID: 27864283 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is the most common cause leading to low back pain (LBP), which is a highly prevalent, costly, and crippling condition worldwide. Current treatments for IDD are limited to treat the symptoms and do not target the pathophysiology. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is one of the most potent pro-inflammatory cytokines and signals through its receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2. TNF-α is highly expressed in degenerative IVD tissues, and it is deeply involved in multiple pathological processes of disc degeneration, including matrix destruction, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, autophagy, and cell proliferation. Importantly, anti-TNF-α therapy has shown promise for mitigating disc degeneration and relieving LBP. In this review, following a brief description of TNF-α signal transduction, we mainly focus on the expression pattern and roles of TNF-α in IDD, and summarize the emerging progress regarding its inhibition as a promising biological therapeutic approach to disc degeneration and associated LBP. A better understanding will help to develop novel TNF-α-centered therapeutic interventions for degenerative disc disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Medical Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yiguo Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Hand and Micro-surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yongxiao Xiang
- Department of Hand and Micro-surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Hand and Micro-surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lysosomal Re-acidification Prevents Lysosphingolipid-Induced Lysosomal Impairment and Cellular Toxicity. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002583. [PMID: 27977664 PMCID: PMC5169359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are severe and untreatable, and mechanisms underlying cellular dysfunction are poorly understood. We found that toxic lipids relevant to three different LSDs disrupt multiple lysosomal and other cellular functions. Unbiased drug discovery revealed several structurally distinct protective compounds, approved for other uses, that prevent lysosomal and cellular toxicities of these lipids. Toxic lipids and protective agents show unexpected convergence on control of lysosomal pH and re-acidification as a critical component of toxicity and protection. In twitcher mice (a model of Krabbe disease [KD]), a central nervous system (CNS)-penetrant protective agent rescued myelin and oligodendrocyte (OL) progenitors, improved motor behavior, and extended lifespan. Our studies reveal shared principles relevant to several LSDs, in which diverse cellular and biochemical disruptions appear to be secondary to disruption of lysosomal pH regulation by specific lipids. These studies also provide novel protective strategies that confer therapeutic benefits in a mouse model of a severe LSD.
Collapse
|
45
|
López de Maturana R, Lang V, Zubiarrain A, Sousa A, Vázquez N, Gorostidi A, Águila J, López de Munain A, Rodríguez M, Sánchez-Pernaute R. Mutations in LRRK2 impair NF-κB pathway in iPSC-derived neurons. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:295. [PMID: 27863501 PMCID: PMC5116223 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0761-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) contribute to both familial and idiopathic forms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Neuroinflammation is a key event in neurodegeneration and aging, and there is mounting evidence of LRRK2 involvement in inflammatory pathways. In a previous study, we described an alteration of the inflammatory response in dermal fibroblasts from PD patients expressing the G2019S and R1441G mutations in LRRK2. Methods Taking advantage of cellular reprogramming, we generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines and neurons thereafter, harboring LRRK2G2019S and LRRK2R1441G mutations. We used gene silencing and functional reporter assays to characterize the effect of the mutations. We examined the temporal profile of TNFα-induced changes in proteins of the NF-κB pathway and optimized western blot analysis to capture α-synuclein dynamics. The effects of the mutations and interventions were analyzed by two-way ANOVA tests with respect to corresponding controls. Results LRRK2 silencing decreased α-synuclein protein levels in mutated neurons and modified NF-κB transcriptional targets, such as PTGS2 (COX-2) and TNFAIP3 (A20). We next tested whether NF-κB and α-synuclein pathways converged and found that TNFα modulated α-synuclein levels, although we could not detect an effect of LRRK2 mutations, partly because of the individual variability. Nevertheless, we confirmed NF-κB dysregulation in mutated neurons, as shown by a protracted recovery of IκBα and a clear impairment in p65 nuclear translocation in the LRRK2 mutants. Conclusions Altogether, our results show that LRRK2 mutations affect α-synuclein regulation and impair NF-κB canonical signaling in iPSC-derived neurons. TNFα modulated α-synuclein proteostasis but was not modified by the LRRK2 mutations in this paradigm. These results strengthen the link between LRRK2 and the innate immunity system underscoring the involvement of inflammatory pathways in the neurodegenerative process in PD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0761-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakel López de Maturana
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neural Repair, Inbiomed, Paseo Mikeletegi, 81, E-20009, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Valérie Lang
- Laboratory of Ubiquitylation and Cancer Molecular Biology, Inbiomed, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Amaia Zubiarrain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neural Repair, Inbiomed, Paseo Mikeletegi, 81, E-20009, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Amaya Sousa
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neural Repair, Inbiomed, Paseo Mikeletegi, 81, E-20009, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Nerea Vázquez
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neural Repair, Inbiomed, Paseo Mikeletegi, 81, E-20009, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ana Gorostidi
- Genomics Platform and Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Julio Águila
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neural Repair, Inbiomed, Paseo Mikeletegi, 81, E-20009, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Neurology Department, Donostia Universitary Hospital, Neuroscience Area, Instituto Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research Network in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Ubiquitylation and Cancer Molecular Biology, Inbiomed, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Rosario Sánchez-Pernaute
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neural Repair, Inbiomed, Paseo Mikeletegi, 81, E-20009, San Sebastian, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Qin Y, Liu Y, Hao W, Decker Y, Tomic I, Menger MD, Liu C, Fassbender K. Stimulation of TLR4 Attenuates Alzheimer’s Disease–Related Symptoms and Pathology in Tau-Transgenic Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3281-3292. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
47
|
Surendranathan A, Rowe JB, O'Brien JT. Neuroinflammation in Lewy body dementia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015; 21:1398-406. [PMID: 26493111 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized as a key factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative conditions. However, it remains unclear whether it has a protective or damaging role. Studies of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease have provided much of the evidence for inflammatory pathology in neurodegeneration. Here we review the evidence for inflammation in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia. Neuroinflammation has been confirmed in vivo using PET imaging, with microglial activation seen in Parkinson's disease dementia and recently in dementia with Lewy bodies. In Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's disease dementia, microglial activation suggests a chronic inflammatory process, although there is also evidence of its association with cognitive ability and neuronal function. Alpha-synuclein in various conformations has also been linked to activation of microglia, with a broad range of components of the innate and adaptive immune systems associated with this interaction. Evidence of neuroinflammation in Lewy body dementia is further supported by pathological and biomarker studies. Genetic and epidemiological studies support a role for inflammation in Parkinson's disease, but have yet to provide the same for Lewy body dementia. This review highlights the need to identify whether the nature and extent of microglial activation in Lewy body dementia can be linked to structural change, progression of domain specific cognitive symptoms and peripheral inflammation as a marker of central microglial pathology. Answers to these questions will enable the evaluation of immunotherapies as potential therapeutic options for prevention or treatment of dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - John T O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|