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Borie-Guichot M, Lan Tran M, Garcia V, Oukhrib A, Rodriguez F, Turrin CO, Levade T, Génisson Y, Ballereau S, Dehoux C. Multivalent pyrrolidines acting as pharmacological chaperones against Gaucher disease. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107295. [PMID: 38513326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
A concise asymmetric synthesis of clickable enantiomeric pyrrolidines was achieved using Crabbé-Ma allenation. The synthesized iminosugars were grafted by copper-free strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition onto phosphorus dendrimers. The hexavalent and dodecavalent pyrrolidines were evaluated as β-glucocerebrosidase inhibitors. The level of inhibition suggests that monofluorocyclooctatriazole group may contribute to the affinity for the protein leading to potent multivalent inhibitors. Docking studies were carried out to rationalize these results. Then, the iminosugars clusters were evaluated as pharmacological chaperones in Gaucher patients' fibroblasts. An increase in β-glucocerebrosidase activity was observed with hexavalent and dodecavalent pyrrolidines at concentrations as low as 1 µM and 0.1 µM, respectively. These iminosugar clusters constitute the first example of multivalent pyrrolidines acting as pharmacological chaperones against Gaucher disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Borie-Guichot
- Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III CNRS SPCMIB, UMR5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - My Lan Tran
- Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III CNRS SPCMIB, UMR5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Garcia
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Paul Sabatier, France
| | | | - Frédéric Rodriguez
- Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III CNRS SPCMIB, UMR5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric-Olivier Turrin
- IMD-Pharma, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France; LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS 31013 Toulouse CEDEX 6, France
| | - Thierry Levade
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Paul Sabatier, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, F-31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Génisson
- Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III CNRS SPCMIB, UMR5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Ballereau
- Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III CNRS SPCMIB, UMR5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Dehoux
- Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III CNRS SPCMIB, UMR5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
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Pornsukjantra T, Saikachain N, Sutjarit N, Khongkrapan A, Tubsuwan A, Bhukhai K, Tim-Aroon T, Anurathapan U, Hongeng S, Asavapanumas N. An increase in ER stress and unfolded protein response in iPSCs-derived neuronal cells from neuronopathic Gaucher disease patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9177. [PMID: 38649404 PMCID: PMC11035702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a mutation in the GBA1 gene, responsible for encoding the enzyme Glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Although neuronal death and neuroinflammation have been observed in the brains of individuals with neuronopathic Gaucher disease (nGD), the exact mechanism underlying neurodegeneration in nGD remains unclear. In this study, we used two induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived neuronal cell lines acquired from two type-3 GD patients (GD3-1 and GD3-2) to investigate the mechanisms underlying nGD by biochemical analyses. These iPSCs-derived neuronal cells from GD3-1 and GD3-2 exhibit an impairment in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium homeostasis and an increase in unfolded protein response markers (BiP and CHOP), indicating the presence of ER stress in nGD. A significant increase in the BAX/BCL-2 ratio and an increase in Annexin V-positive cells demonstrate a notable increase in apoptotic cell death in GD iPSCs-derived neurons, suggesting downstream signaling after an increase in the unfolded protein response. Our study involves the establishment of iPSCs-derived neuronal models for GD and proposes a possible mechanism underlying nGD. This mechanism involves the activation of ER stress and the unfolded protein response, ultimately leading to apoptotic cell death in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanapat Pornsukjantra
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Nongluk Saikachain
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Pla, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, 10540, Thailand
| | - Nareerat Sutjarit
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Arthaporn Khongkrapan
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Alisa Tubsuwan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Kanit Bhukhai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Thipwimol Tim-Aroon
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Usanarat Anurathapan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Nithi Asavapanumas
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Pla, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, 10540, Thailand.
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Kojima R, Paslawski W, Lyu G, Arenas E, Zhang X, Svenningsson P. Secretome Analyses Identify FKBP4 as a GBA1-Associated Protein in CSF and iPS Cells from Parkinson's Disease Patients with GBA1 Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:683. [PMID: 38203854 PMCID: PMC10779269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the GBA1 gene increase the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). However, most carriers of GBA1 mutations do not develop PD throughout their lives. The mechanisms of how GBA1 mutations contribute to PD pathogenesis remain unclear. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is used for detecting pathological conditions of diseases, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we utilized the proximity extension assay to examine the levels of metabolism-linked protein in the CSF from 17 PD patients carrying GBA1 mutations (GBA1-PD) and 17 idiopathic PD (iPD). The analysis of CSF secretome in GBA1-PD identified 11 significantly altered proteins, namely FKBP4, THOP1, GLRX, TXNDC5, GAL, SEMA3F, CRKL, APLP1, LRP11, CD164, and NPTXR. To investigate GBA1-associated CSF changes attributed to specific neuronal subtypes responsible for PD, we analyzed the cell culture supernatant from GBA1-PD-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. The secretome analysis of GBA1-PD iPSC-derived mDA neurons revealed that five differently regulated proteins overlapped with those identified in the CSF analysis: FKBP4, THOP1, GLRX, GAL, and CRKL. Reduced intracellular level of the top hit, FKPB4, was confirmed via Western Blot. In conclusion, our findings identify significantly altered CSF GBA1-PD-associated proteins with FKPB4 being firmly attributed to mDA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Kojima
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (R.K.)
| | - Wojciech Paslawski
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (R.K.)
| | - Guochang Lyu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoqun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (R.K.)
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (R.K.)
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4
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Zhou ZD, Yi LX, Wang DQ, Lim TM, Tan EK. Role of dopamine in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:44. [PMID: 37718439 PMCID: PMC10506345 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A pathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and decreased dopamine (DA) content in the substantia nigra pars compacta in PD brains. DA is the neurotransmitter of dopaminergic neurons. Accumulating evidence suggests that DA interacts with environmental and genetic factors to contribute to PD pathophysiology. Disturbances of DA synthesis, storage, transportation and metabolism have been shown to promote neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in various PD models. DA is unstable and can undergo oxidation and metabolism to produce multiple reactive and toxic by-products, including reactive oxygen species, DA quinones, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde. Here we summarize and highlight recent discoveries on DA-linked pathophysiologic pathways, and discuss the potential protective and therapeutic strategies to mitigate the complications associated with DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Dong Zhou
- National Neuroscience Institute of Singapore, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore.
- Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Ling Xiao Yi
- National Neuroscience Institute of Singapore, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Dennis Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Tit Meng Lim
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Eng King Tan
- National Neuroscience Institute of Singapore, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore.
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.
- Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
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5
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Menozzi E, Toffoli M, Schapira AHV. Targeting the GBA1 pathway to slow Parkinson disease: Insights into clinical aspects, pathogenic mechanisms and new therapeutic avenues. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108419. [PMID: 37080432 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The GBA1 gene encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), which is involved in sphingolipid metabolism. Biallelic variants in GBA1 cause Gaucher disease (GD), a lysosomal storage disorder characterised by loss of GCase activity and aberrant intracellular accumulation of GCase substrates. Carriers of GBA1 variants have an increased risk of developing Parkinson disease (PD), with odds ratio ranging from 2.2 to 30 according to variant severity. GBA1 variants which do not cause GD in homozygosis can also increase PD risk. Patients with PD carrying GBA1 variants show a more rapidly progressive phenotype compared to non-carriers, emphasising the need for disease modifying treatments targeting the GBA1 pathway. Several mechanisms secondary to GCase dysfunction are potentially responsible for the pathological changes leading to PD. Misfolded GCase proteins induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and subsequent unfolded protein response and impair the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. This results in α-synuclein accumulation and spread, and promotes neurodegenerative changes. Preclinical evidence also shows that products of GCase activity can promote accumulation of α-synuclein, however there is no convincing evidence of substrate accumulation in GBA1-PD brains. Altered lipid homeostasis secondary to loss of GCase activity could also contribute to PD pathology. Treatments that target the GBA1 pathway could reverse these pathological processes and halt/slow the progression of PD. These range from augmentation of GCase activity via GBA1 gene therapy, restoration of normal intracellular GCase trafficking via molecular chaperones, and substrate reduction therapy. This review discusses the pathways associated with GBA1-PD and related novel GBA1-targeted interventions for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Menozzi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America
| | - Marco Toffoli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America.
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Smith LJ, Bolsinger MM, Chau KY, Gegg ME, Schapira AHV. The GBA variant E326K is associated with alpha-synuclein aggregation and lipid droplet accumulation in human cell lines. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:773-789. [PMID: 36130205 PMCID: PMC9941838 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence variants or mutations in the GBA gene are numerically the most important risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD). The GBA gene encodes for the lysosomal hydrolase enzyme, glucocerebrosidase (GCase). GBA mutations often reduce GCase activity and lead to the impairment of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, which is important in the turnover of alpha-synuclein, accumulation of which is a key pathological hallmark of PD. Although the E326K variant is one of the most common GBA variants associated with PD, there is limited understanding of its biochemical effects. We have characterized homozygous and heterozygous E326K variants in human fibroblasts. We found that E326K variants did not cause a significant loss of GCase protein or activity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention or ER stress, in contrast to the L444P GBA mutation. This was confirmed in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines overexpressing GCase with either E326K or L444P protein. Despite no loss of the GCase activity, a significant increase in insoluble alpha-synuclein aggregates in E326K and L444P mutants was observed. Notably, SH-SY5Y overexpressing E326K demonstrated a significant increase in the lipid droplet number under basal conditions, which was exacerbated following treatment with the fatty acid oleic acid. Similarly, a significant increase in lipid droplet formation following lipid loading was observed in heterozygous and homozygous E326K fibroblasts. In conclusion, the work presented here demonstrates that the E326K mutation behaves differently to the common loss of function GBA mutations; however, lipid dyshomeostasis and alpha-synuclein pathology are still evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Smith
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Magdalena M Bolsinger
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK
- Division of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai-Yin Chau
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Matthew E Gegg
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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Tripathi P, Ganeshpurkar A, Singh SK, Krishnamurthy S. Identification of novel glucocerebrosidase chaperone for potential treatment of Parkinson's disease: An approach using in silico virtual screening, molecular docking and molecular dynamics, and in vitro studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:453-466. [PMID: 36565835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glucocerebrosidase (GCase), a GBA1 gene-encoded lysosomal enzyme, is a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Chaperones that increase GCase activity can potentially be disease-modifying agents in PD. To date, none of the registered treatments has demonstrated disease-modifying effects. Thus, chaperones for GCase were identified using in-silico virtual screening, molecular property filtering, and molecular dynamics and validated by circular dichroism, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopies. In-vitro enzyme kinetics, thermal denaturation assay (TDA), and cell-line model were used to test their potential for GCase In-silico investigation revealed four compounds as candidate chaperones with adequate brain penetrability and binding energy (BE). Of them, GC466 showed ideal chaperoning characteristics, including potent BE -8.92 ± 0.68 Kcal/mol and binding affinity (Ki) 0.64 ± 0.12 μM against rGCase (Asp146, Phe265, and His329 residues) at pH 7.0 than at 4.5 (BE: -5.06 Kcal/mol, Ki: not found). Spectroscopic results confirmed the stability of GCase by GC466. TDA determined its chaperoning behavior, signified by improved rGCase thermal stabilization with stabilization ratio of 10.20 at 10 μM. In addition, it demonstrated GCase restorative, neurorestorative, and ROS scavenging activity in 6-OHDA treated cell-line model. Therefore, the present study may offer a novel chaperone with the potential to be a disease-modifying agent for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratigya Tripathi
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Ankit Ganeshpurkar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering &Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering &Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Neurotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India.
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GBA1 Gene Mutations in α-Synucleinopathies-Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Pathology and Their Clinical Significance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032044. [PMID: 36768367 PMCID: PMC9917178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synucleinopathies comprise a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by altered accumulation of a protein called α-synuclein inside neurons and glial cells. This aggregation leads to the formation of intraneuronal inclusions, Lewy bodies, that constitute the hallmark of α-synuclein pathology. The most prevalent α-synucleinopathies are Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). To date, only symptomatic treatment is available for these disorders, hence new approaches to their therapy are needed. It has been observed that GBA1 mutations are one of the most impactful risk factors for developing α-synucleinopathies such as PD and DLB. Mutations in the GBA1 gene, which encodes a lysosomal hydrolase β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), cause a reduction in GCase activity and impaired α-synuclein metabolism. The most abundant GBA1 gene mutations are N370S or N409S, L444P/L483P and E326K/E365K. The mechanisms by which GCase impacts α-synuclein aggregation are poorly understood and need to be further investigated. Here, we discuss some of the potential interactions between α-synuclein and GCase and show how GBA1 mutations may impact the course of the most prevalent α-synucleinopathies.
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The Consequences of GBA Deficiency in the Autophagy-Lysosome System in Parkinson's Disease Associated with GBA. Cells 2023; 12:cells12010191. [PMID: 36611984 PMCID: PMC9818455 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
GBA gene variants were the first genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease. GBA encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GBA), which is involved in sphingolipid metabolism. GBA exhibits a complex physiological function that includes not only the degradation of its substrate glucosylceramide but also the metabolism of other sphingolipids and additional lipids such as cholesterol, particularly when glucocerebrosidase activity is deficient. In the context of Parkinson's disease associated with GBA, the loss of GBA activity has been associated with the accumulation of α-synuclein species. In recent years, several hypotheses have proposed alternative and complementary pathological mechanisms to explain why lysosomal enzyme mutations lead to α-synuclein accumulation and become important risk factors in Parkinson's disease etiology. Classically, loss of GBA activity has been linked to a dysfunctional autophagy-lysosome system and to a subsequent decrease in autophagy-dependent α-synuclein turnover; however, several other pathological mechanisms underlying GBA-associated parkinsonism have been proposed. This review summarizes and discusses the different hypotheses with a special focus on autophagy-dependent mechanisms, as well as autophagy-independent mechanisms, where the role of other players such as sphingolipids, cholesterol and other GBA-related proteins make important contributions to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis.
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Smith LJ, Lee CY, Menozzi E, Schapira AHV. Genetic variations in GBA1 and LRRK2 genes: Biochemical and clinical consequences in Parkinson disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:971252. [PMID: 36034282 PMCID: PMC9416236 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.971252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants in the GBA1 and LRRK2 genes are the most common genetic risk factors associated with Parkinson disease (PD). Both genes are associated with lysosomal and autophagic pathways, with the GBA1 gene encoding for the lysosomal enzyme, glucocerebrosidase (GCase) and the LRRK2 gene encoding for the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 enzyme. GBA1-associated PD is characterized by earlier age at onset and more severe non-motor symptoms compared to sporadic PD. Mutations in the GBA1 gene can be stratified into severe, mild and risk variants depending on the clinical presentation of disease. Both a loss- and gain- of function hypothesis has been proposed for GBA1 variants and the functional consequences associated with each variant is often linked to mutation severity. On the other hand, LRRK2-associated PD is similar to sporadic PD, but with a more benign disease course. Mutations in the LRRK2 gene occur in several structural domains and affect phosphorylation of GTPases. Biochemical studies suggest a possible convergence of GBA1 and LRRK2 pathways, with double mutant carriers showing a milder phenotype compared to GBA1-associated PD. This review compares GBA1 and LRRK2-associated PD, and highlights possible genotype-phenotype associations for GBA1 and LRRK2 separately, based on biochemical consequences of single variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Smith
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Chiao-Yin Lee
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Elisa Menozzi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Anthony H. V. Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
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LRRK2 kinase activity regulates GCase level and enzymatic activity differently depending on cell type in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:92. [PMID: 35853899 PMCID: PMC9296523 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a kinase involved in different cellular functions, including autophagy, endolysosomal pathways, and immune function. Mutations in LRRK2 cause autosomal-dominant forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Heterozygous mutations in GBA1, the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), are the most common genetic risk factors for PD. Moreover, GCase function is altered in idiopathic PD and in other genetic forms of the disease. Recent work suggests that LRRK2 kinase activity can regulate GCase function. However, both a positive and a negative correlation have been described. To gain insights into the impact of LRRK2 on GCase, we performed a comprehensive analysis of GCase levels and activity in complementary LRRK2 models, including (i) LRRK2 G2019S knock in (GSKI) mice, (ii) peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs), plasma, and fibroblasts from PD patients carrying LRRK2 G2019S mutation, (iii) patient iPSCs-derived neurons; (iv) endogenous and overexpressed cell models. In some of these models we found a positive correlation between the activities of LRRK2 and GCase, which was further confirmed in cell lines with genetic and pharmacological manipulation of LRRK2 kinase activity. GCase protein level is reduced in GSKI brain tissues and in G2019S iPSCs-derived neurons, but increased in fibroblasts and PBMCs from patients, suggesting cell-type-specific effects. Overall, our study indicates that LRRK2 kinase activity affects both the levels and the catalytic activity of GCase in a cell-type-specific manner, with important implications in the context of therapeutic application of LRRK2 inhibitors in GBA1-linked and idiopathic PD.
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12
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Sergi CM. Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) for Parkinson's Disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:1029-1041. [PMID: 35748799 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the last couple of decades, we have experienced increased use of nutraceuticals worldwide with a demand for organic foods, which has been elevated to an extent probably unmatched with other periods of our civilization. One of the nutraceuticals that gained attention is epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol in green tea. It has been suggested that diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) can benefit from consuming some antioxidants, despite current results showing little evidence for their use in preventing and treating these diseases. ECGC may be beneficial in delaying the neurodegeneration of the substantia nigra (SN) regardless of the origin of Parkinson's disease (PD). This review covers the effect of EGCG on vitro and animal models of PD, the potential mechanisms of neuroprotection involved and summaries recent clinical trials in human PD. This review also aims to provide an investigative analysis of the current knowledge in this field and identify putative crucial issues. Environmental factors such as dietary habits, drug use, and social interaction are all factors that influence the evolution of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the use of nutraceuticals requires further investigation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consolato M Sergi
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Anatomic Pathology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Orthopedics, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, AB, Canada
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13
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Schalkamp AK, Rahman N, Monzón-Sandoval J, Sandor C. Deep phenotyping for precision medicine in Parkinson's disease. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049376. [PMID: 35647913 PMCID: PMC9178512 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in medical genomics is to understand why individuals with the same disorder have different clinical symptoms and why those who carry the same mutation may be affected by different disorders. In every complex disorder, identifying the contribution of different genetic and non-genetic risk factors is a key obstacle to understanding disease mechanisms. Genetic studies rely on precise phenotypes and are unable to uncover the genetic contributions to a disorder when phenotypes are imprecise. To address this challenge, deeply phenotyped cohorts have been developed for which detailed, fine-grained data have been collected. These cohorts help us to investigate the underlying biological pathways and risk factors to identify treatment targets, and thus to advance precision medicine. The neurodegenerative disorder Parkinson's disease has a diverse phenotypical presentation and modest heritability, and its underlying disease mechanisms are still being debated. As such, considerable efforts have been made to develop deeply phenotyped cohorts for this disorder. Here, we focus on Parkinson's disease and explore how deep phenotyping can help address the challenges raised by genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. We also discuss recent methods for data collection and computation, as well as methodological challenges that have to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cynthia Sandor
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University,Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Haydn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
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14
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Generation of wild-type rat Glucocerebrosidase homology modeling: Identification of putative interactions site and mechanism for chaperone using combined in-silico and in-vitro studies. Bioorg Chem 2022; 126:105871. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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GBA Variants and Parkinson Disease: Mechanisms and Treatments. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081261. [PMID: 35455941 PMCID: PMC9029385 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The GBA gene encodes for the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), which maintains glycosphingolipid homeostasis. Approximately 5–15% of PD patients have mutations in the GBA gene, making it numerically the most important genetic risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD). Clinically, GBA-associated PD is identical to sporadic PD, aside from the earlier age at onset (AAO), more frequent cognitive impairment and more rapid progression. Mutations in GBA can be associated with loss- and gain-of-function mechanisms. A key hallmark of PD is the presence of intraneuronal proteinaceous inclusions named Lewy bodies, which are made up primarily of alpha-synuclein. Mutations in the GBA gene may lead to loss of GCase activity and lysosomal dysfunction, which may impair alpha-synuclein metabolism. Models of GCase deficiency demonstrate dysfunction of the autophagic-lysosomal pathway and subsequent accumulation of alpha-synuclein. This dysfunction can also lead to aberrant lipid metabolism, including the accumulation of glycosphingolipids, glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine. Certain mutations cause GCase to be misfolded and retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), activating stress responses including the unfolded protein response (UPR), which may contribute to neurodegeneration. In addition to these mechanisms, a GCase deficiency has also been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. This review discusses the pathways associated with GBA-PD and highlights potential treatments which may act to target GCase and prevent neurodegeneration.
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16
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Tönges L, Kwon EH, Klebe S. Monogenetic Forms of Parkinson’s Disease – Bridging the Gap Between Genetics and Biomarkers. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:822949. [PMID: 35317530 PMCID: PMC8934414 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.822949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapy of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) is still limited to the treatment of symptoms and primarily aimed at compensating for dopaminergic hypofunction. Numerous disease-modifying therapies currently in the pipeline attempt to modify the underlying pathomechanisms. In recent decades, the results of molecular genetics and biomarker research have raised hopes of earlier diagnosis and new neuroprotective therapeutic approaches. As the disease-causing processes in monogenetic forms of PD are better understood than in sporadic PD, these disease subsets are likely to benefit first from disease-modifying therapies. Recent studies have suggested that disease-relevant changes found in genetically linked forms of PD (i.e., PARK-LRRK2, PARK-GBA) can also be reproduced in patients in whom no genetic cause can be found, i.e., those with sporadic PD. It can, therefore, be assumed that as soon as the first causal therapy for genetic forms of PD is approved, more patients with PD will undergo genetic testing and counseling. Regarding future neuroprotective trials in neurodegenerative diseases and objective parameters such as biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis and course of the disease are needed. These biomarkers will also serve to monitor treatment success in clinical trials. Promising examples in PD, such as alpha-synuclein species, lysosomal enzymes, markers of amyloid and tau pathology, and neurofilament light chain, are under investigation in blood and CSF. This paper provides an overview of the opportunities and current limitations of monogenetic diagnostic and biomarker research in PD and aims to build a bridge between current knowledge and association with PD genetics and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Tönges
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eun Hae Kwon
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan Klebe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Stephan Klebe,
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17
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Al-Azzawi ZAM, Arfaie S, Gan-Or Z. GBA1 and The Immune System: A Potential Role in Parkinson's Disease? JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:S53-S64. [PMID: 36057834 PMCID: PMC9535551 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is clear that the immune system and inflammation have a role in Parkinson's disease (PD), including sporadic PD and some genetic forms such as LRRK2-associated PD. One of the most important genes associated with PD is GBA1, as variants in this gene are found in 5-20% of PD patients in different populations worldwide. Biallelic variants in GBA1 may cause Gaucher disease, a lysosomal storage disorder with involvement of the immune system, and other lines of evidence link GBA1 to the immune system and inflammation. In this review, we discuss these different pieces of evidence and whether the interplay between GBA1 and the immune system may have a role in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid A M Al-Azzawi
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Saman Arfaie
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- The Neuro - Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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18
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Barootes HC, Prasad C, Rupar CA, Ashok D. An Unexpected Finding of Hepatosplenomegaly in a Pediatric Patient. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2022; 61:81-85. [PMID: 34789027 PMCID: PMC8679167 DOI: 10.1177/00099228211059668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder. It is characterized by a deficiency of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase, which results in the accumulation of glycosphingolipid substrates, primarily glucosylceramide, in the phagocyte system. In GD Type 1, the liver, spleen, and bone marrow are typically affected. We report the case of a 7-year-old female with GD Type 1 who presented with hepatosplenomegaly detected incidentally following a motor vehicle accident. She was found to have concomitant thrombocytopenia and Erlenmeyer flask deformities of her lower limbs. Diagnosis was made on the basis of very low leukocyte β-glucocerebrosidase activity and elevated plasma chitotriosidase. DNA mutation studies revealed both c.1226A>G and c.116_1505 deletion (exons 3-11). The patient is currently managed with biweekly intravenous imiglucerase (Cerezyme) replacement therapy. She demonstrated resolution of thrombocytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly at 2-year follow-up. Physicians must consider this rare diagnosis in children presenting with hepatosplenomegaly to prompt timely management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey C. Barootes
- Children’s Hospital, London Health
Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chitra Prasad
- Children’s Health Research Institute,
Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - C. Anthony Rupar
- Children’s Hospital, London Health
Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dhandapani Ashok
- Children’s Hospital, London Health
Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada,Dhandapani Ashok, Department of
Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital,
London Health Sciences Centre, 800 Commissioners Rd E, London, Ontario, Canada
N6A 5W9.
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19
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Vieira SRL, Schapira AHV. Glucocerebrosidase mutations: A paradigm for neurodegeneration pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 175:42-55. [PMID: 34450264 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biallelic (homozygous or compound heterozygous) glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) mutations cause Gaucher disease, whereas heterozygous mutations are numerically the most important genetic risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD) and are associated with the development of other synucleinopathies, notably Dementia with Lewy Bodies. This phenomenon is not limited to GBA, with converging evidence highlighting further examples of autosomal recessive disease genes increasing neurodegeneration risk in heterozygous mutation carriers. Nevertheless, despite extensive research, the cellular mechanisms by which mutations in GBA, encoding lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), predispose to neurodegeneration remain incompletely understood. Alpha-synuclein (A-SYN) accumulation, autophagic lysosomal dysfunction, mitochondrial abnormalities, ER stress and neuroinflammation have been proposed as candidate pathogenic pathways in GBA-linked PD. The observation of GCase and A-SYN interactions in PD initiated the development and evaluation of GCase-targeted therapeutics in PD clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia R L Vieira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
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20
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Guadagnolo D, Piane M, Torrisi MR, Pizzuti A, Petrucci S. Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Monogenic Parkinson Disease: A Review on Clinical and Molecular Findings. Front Neurol 2021; 12:648588. [PMID: 34630269 PMCID: PMC8494251 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.648588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder, usually with multifactorial etiology. It is characterized by prominent movement disorders and non-motor symptoms. Movement disorders commonly include bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor. Non-motor symptoms can include behavior disorders, sleep disturbances, hyposmia, cognitive impairment, and depression. A fraction of PD cases instead is due to Parkinsonian conditions with Mendelian inheritance. The study of the genetic causes of these phenotypes has shed light onto common pathogenetic mechanisms underlying Parkinsonian conditions. Monogenic Parkinsonisms can present autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or even X-linked inheritance patterns. Clinical presentations vary from forms indistinguishable from idiopathic PD to severe childhood-onset conditions with other neurological signs. We provided a comprehensive description of each condition, discussing current knowledge on genotype-phenotype correlations. Despite the broad clinical spectrum and the many genes involved, the phenotype appears to be related to the disrupted cell function and inheritance pattern, and several assumptions about genotype-phenotype correlations can be made. The interest in these assumptions is not merely speculative, in the light of novel promising targeted therapies currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Guadagnolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto i Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Piane
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics Unit, S. Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Torrisi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics Unit, S. Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto i Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Petrucci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics Unit, S. Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
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21
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Rodrigues PS, Kale PP. Mini review - The role of Glucocerebrosidase and Progranulin as possible targets in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2021; 177:1082-1089. [PMID: 34175090 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
As per recent reports, there is an association between glucocerebrosidase (Gcase) enzyme and Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition, certain mutations in the Gcase gene (GBA) and the progranulin (PGRN) gene are found to be linked with the imbalance in the levels of Gcase enzyme. This imbalance or decrease or impairment in Gcase activity can lead to Gaucher disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), dementia, etc. Recent evidences suggest that the drugs used to treat these diseases can be used for PD. The present review has focused on the therapeutic approaches used for diseases linked with Gcase enzyme, which can be used for PD. The review also considered possible target specific novel strategies, which may help to meet the unmet needs in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle west, 400056 Mumbai, India
| | - P P Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle west, 400056 Mumbai, India.
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22
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Savolainen MJ, Karlsson A, Rohkimainen S, Toppila I, Lassenius MI, Falconi CV, Uusi-Rauva K, Elomaa K. The Gaucher earlier diagnosis consensus point-scoring system (GED-C PSS): Evaluation of a prototype in Finnish Gaucher disease patients and feasibility of screening retrospective electronic health record data for the recognition of potential undiagnosed patients in Finland. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 27:100725. [PMID: 33604241 PMCID: PMC7875822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare inherited multiorgan disorder, yet a diagnosis can be significantly delayed due to a broad spectrum of symptoms and lack of disease awareness. Recently, the prototype of a GD point-scoring system (PSS) was established by the Gaucher Earlier Diagnosis Consensus (GED-C) initiative, and more recently, validated in Gaucher patients in UK. In our study, the original GED-C PSS was tested in Finnish GD patients. Furthermore, the feasibility of point scoring large electronic health record (EHR) data set by data mining to identify potential undiagnosed GD cases was evaluated. Methods This biobank study was conducted in collaboration with two Finnish biobanks. Five previously diagnosed Finnish GD patients and ~ 170,000 adult biobank subjects were included in the study. The original PSS was locally adjusted due to data availability issues and applied to the Finnish EHR data representing special health care recordings. Results All GD patients had high levels of the biomarker lyso-Gb1 and deleterious GBA mutations. One patient was a compound heterozygote with a novel variant, potentially pathogenic mutation. Finnish EHR data allowed the retrospective assessment of 27–30 of the 32 original GED-C signs/co-variables. Total point scores of GD patients were high but variable, 6–18.5 points per patient (based on the available data on 28–29 signs/co-variables per patient). All GD patients had been recorded with anaemia while only three patients had a record of splenomegaly. 0.72% of biobank subjects were assigned at least 6 points but none of these potential “GD suspects” had a point score as high as 18.5. Splenomegaly had been recorded for 0.25% of biobank subjects and was associated with variable point score distribution and co-occurring ICD-10 diagnoses. Discussion This study provides an indicative GED-C PSS score range for confirmed GD patients, also representing potential mild cases, and demonstrates the feasibility of scoring Finnish EHR data by data mining in order to screen for undiagnosed GD patients. Further prioritisation of the “GD suspects” with more developed algorithms and data-mining approaches is needed. Funding This study was funded by Shire (now part of Takeda).
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Key Words
- Biobank study
- DBS, dried blood spot
- EHR, Electronic health record
- Electronic health record
- GBA
- GBA1/GBA, β-glucocerebrosidase gene
- GD, Gaucher disease
- GED-C, The Gaucher Earlier Diagnosis Consensus
- Gaucher disease
- Gaucher earlier diagnosis consensus point-scoring system
- GlcCer, β-glucosylceramide
- GlcCerase, β-glucosylceramidase
- GlcSph/Lyso-Gb1, β-glucosylsphingosine
- HDSF, Hospital District of Southwest Finland
- Lyso-Gb1
- NOHD, Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District
- PSS, Point-scoring system
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antti Karlsson
- Auria Biobank, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, PO Box 52, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Samppa Rohkimainen
- Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland, PO Box 50, 90029 OYS, Oulu, Finland
| | - Iiro Toppila
- Medaffcon Oy, Tietäjäntie 2, 02130 Espoo, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Kaisa Elomaa
- Takeda Oy, Ilmalantori 1, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Karatas M, Dogan S, Spahiu E, Ašić A, Bešić L, Turan Y. Enzyme kinetics and inhibition parameters of human leukocyte glucosylceramidase. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05191. [PMID: 33163670 PMCID: PMC7609449 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosylceramidase (GCase) is a lysosomal enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of β-glucosidic linkage of glucocerebroside (GC) into glucose and ceramide; thereby, plays an essential function in the degradation of complex lipids and the turnover of cellular membranes. The growing list of 460 mutations in the gene coding for it-glucosylceramidase beta acid 1 (GBA1)-is reported to abolish its catalytic activity and decrease its enzyme stability, associating it with severe health conditions such as Gaucher disease (GD), Parkinson Disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Although the three-dimensional structure of wild type glucosylceramidase is elucidated, little is known about its features in human cells. Moreover, alternative sources of GCase that prove to be effective in the treatment of diseases with enzyme treatment therapies, impose the need for a simple and cost-effective procedure to study the enzyme behavior. This work, for the first time, shows a well-established, yet simple, cost- and time-efficient protocol for the study of GCase enzyme in human leukocytes by the artificial substrate p-Nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG). Characterization of the enzyme in human leukocytes for activation parameters (optimal pH, Km, and Vmax) and enzyme inhibition was done. The results indicate that the optimum pH of GCase enzyme with PNPG is 5.0. The Km and Vmax values are 12.6mM and 333 U/mg, respectively. Gluconolactone competitively inhibits GCase, with a Ki value of 0.023 mM and IC50 of 0.047 mM. Glucose inhibition is uncompetitive with a Ki of 1.94 mM and IC50 of 55.3 mM. This is the first report for the inhibitory effect of glucose, δ-gluconolactone on human leukocyte GCase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Karatas
- International Burch University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Francuske revolucije bb, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Senol Dogan
- Leipzig University, Faculty for Physics and Earth Sciences, Peter Debye Institute, Linnéstraße 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emrulla Spahiu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adna Ašić
- International Burch University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Francuske revolucije bb, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Larisa Bešić
- International Burch University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Francuske revolucije bb, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Yusuf Turan
- International Burch University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Francuske revolucije bb, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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24
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Menkovic I, Boutin M, Alayoubi A, Mercier FE, Rivard GÉ, Auray-Blais C. Identification of a Reliable Biomarker Profile for the Diagnosis of Gaucher Disease Type 1 Patients Using a Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217869. [PMID: 33114153 PMCID: PMC7660648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare autosomal recessive multisystemic lysosomal storage disorder presenting a marked phenotypic and genotypic variability. GD is caused by a deficiency in the glucocerebrosidase enzyme. The diagnosis of GD remains challenging because of the large clinical spectrum associated with the disease. Moreover, GD biomarkers are often not sensitive enough and can be subject to polymorphic variations. The main objective of this study was to perform a metabolomic study using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography system coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to identify novel GD biomarkers. Following the analysis of plasma samples from patients with GD, and age- and gender-matched control samples, supervised statistical analyses were used to find the best molecules to differentiate the two groups. Targeted biomarkers were structurally elucidated using accurate mass measurements and tandem mass spectrometry. This metabolomic study was successful in highlighting seven biomarkers associated with GD. Fragmentation tests revealed that these latter biomarkers were lyso-Gb1 (glucosylsphingosine) and four related analogs (with the following modifications on the sphingosine moiety: -C2H4, -H2, -H2+O, and +H2O), sphingosylphosphorylcholine, and N-palmitoyl-O-phosphocholineserine. Based on the plasma biomarker distribution, we suggest the evaluation of this GD biomarker profile, which might facilitate early diagnosis, monitoring, and follow-up of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskren Menkovic
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche-CHUS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (I.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Michel Boutin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche-CHUS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (I.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Abdulfatah Alayoubi
- Divisions of Experimental Medicine and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755, Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (A.A.); (F.E.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, University Road, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - François E. Mercier
- Divisions of Experimental Medicine and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755, Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (A.A.); (F.E.M.)
| | - Georges-Étienne Rivard
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
| | - Christiane Auray-Blais
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche-CHUS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (I.M.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Lepe-Balsalobre E, Santotoribio JD, Nuñez-Vazquez R, García-Morillo S, Jiménez-Arriscado P, Hernández-Arévalo P, Delarosa-Rodríguez R, Guerrero JM, Macher HC. Genotype/phenotype relationship in Gaucher disease patients. Novel mutation in glucocerebrosidase gene. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 58:2017-2024. [PMID: 32589593 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Gaucher disease (GD) is the most common inherited lysosomal storage disease, caused by mutations in acid β-glucosidase (GBA) gene. This study aimed to identify mutations in Andalusia patients with GD and their genotype-phenotype correlation. Methods Descriptive observational study. University Hospital Virgen del Rocio patients diagnosed from GD from 1999 to 2019 were included. Demographic and clinical data, β-glucocerebrosidase activity, variants pathogenic in GBA gene and biomarkers for monitoring treatment were collected from digital medical record. Results Twenty-six patients with aged between 1 day and 52 years were studied. A total of six mutations described as pathogenic and one mutation not described above [c.937T>C (p.Tyr313His)] were identified in the GBA gene, four patients were homozygotes and 22 compound heterozygotes. Twenty-four patients were diagnosed in non-neuropathic form (type 1) and two cases presented neurological involvement (type 2 or 3). The most common variant was c.1226A>G (p.Asn409Ser), which was detected in 24 patients, followed by c.1448T>C (p.Leu483Pro) variant, identified in 13 patients. The c.1448T>C (p.Leu483Pro) mutation has been presented in the most severe phenotypes with neurological involvement associated with type 2 and 3 GD, while c.1226A>G (p.Asn409Ser) mutation has not been associated with neurological alterations. Splenomegaly and bone disease were the most frequent clinical manifestations, and thrombocytopenia was the most common hematological disorder. Conclusions The c.1226A>G (p.Asn409Ser) and c.1448T>C (p.Leu483Pro) mutations were the most common. The c.937T>C (p.Tyr313His) was identified as a novel mutation. The c.1448T>C (p.Leu483Pro) mutation was associated with neurological alterations and c.1226A>G (p.Asn409Ser) mutation has not been associated it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Lepe-Balsalobre
- Molecular Diagnosis and Rare Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain.,Fundación JL Castaño, Sociedad Española de Medicina de Laboratorio, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José D Santotoribio
- Molecular Diagnosis and Rare Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Ramiro Nuñez-Vazquez
- Unidad de Hemofilia, Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Salvador García-Morillo
- Unidad de Colagenosis y Enfermedades Minoritarias, Unidad Experimental de Riesgo Cardiovascular, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Pilar Jiménez-Arriscado
- Molecular Diagnosis and Rare Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Paula Hernández-Arévalo
- Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Gestión de la Investigación en Salud de Sevilla (FISEVI), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Delarosa-Rodríguez
- Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Gestión de la Investigación en Salud de Sevilla (FISEVI), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan M Guerrero
- Molecular Diagnosis and Rare Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Hada C Macher
- Molecular Diagnosis and Rare Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
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26
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Toffoli M, Vieira SRL, Schapira AHV. Genetic causes of PD: A pathway to disease modification. Neuropharmacology 2020; 170:108022. [PMID: 32119885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The underline neuropathology of Parkinson disease is pleiomorphic and its genetic background diverse. Possibly because of this heterogeneity, no effective disease modifying therapy is available. In this paper we give an overview of the genetics of Parkinson disease and explain how this is relevant for the development of new therapies. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'The Quest for Disease-Modifying Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Toffoli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - S R L Vieira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - A H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
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27
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Kartha RV, Joers J, Terluk MR, Travis A, Rudser K, Tuite PJ, Weinreb NJ, Jarnes JR, Cloyd JC, Öz G. Neurochemical abnormalities in patients with type 1 Gaucher disease on standard of care therapy. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:564-573. [PMID: 31613991 PMCID: PMC7156305 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 Gaucher disease (GD1), a glycosphingolipid storage disorder caused by deficient activity of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase, is classically considered non-neuronopathic. However, current evidence challenges this view. Multiple studies show that mutations in GBA1 gene and decreased glucocerebrosidase activity are associated with increased risk for Parkinson disease. We tested the hypothesis that subjects with GD1 will show neurochemical abnormalities consistent with cerebral involvement. We performed Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 7 T to quantify neurochemical profiles in participants with GD1 (n = 12) who are on stable therapy. Age and gender matched healthy participants served as controls (n = 13). Neurochemical profiles were obtained from parietal white matter (PWM), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and putamen. Further, in the GD1 group, the neurochemical profiles were compared between individuals with and without a single L444P allele. We observed significantly lower levels of key neuronal markers, N-acetylaspartate, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate and glutamate-to-glutamine ratio in PCC of participants with GD1 compared to healthy controls (P < .015). Glutamate concentration was also lower in the putamen in GD1 (P = .01). Glucose + taurine concentration was significantly higher in PWM (P = .04). Interestingly, individuals without L444P had significantly lower aspartate and N-acetylaspartylglutamate in PCC (both P < .001), although this group was 7 years younger than those with an L444P allele. This study demonstrates neurochemical abnormalities in individuals with GD1, for which clinical and prognostic significance remains to be determined. Further studies in a larger cohort are required to confirm an association of neurochemical levels with mutation status and glucocerebrosidase structure and function. SYNOPSIS: Ultrahigh field magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals abnormalities in neurochemical profiles in patients with GD1 compared to matched healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena V. Kartha
- Center for Orphan Drug Research; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - James Joers
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Marcia R. Terluk
- Center for Orphan Drug Research; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Abigail Travis
- Center for Orphan Drug Research; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Kyle Rudser
- Division of Biostatistics; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Paul J. Tuite
- Department of Neurology; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Neal J. Weinreb
- Department of Human Genetics and Medicine (Hematology), Leonard Miller School of Medicine of University of Miami, Miami, Florida USA
| | - Jeanine R. Jarnes
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- University of Minnesota Medical Center/Fairview Health Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455
| | - James C. Cloyd
- Center for Orphan Drug Research; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Human Genetics and Medicine (Hematology), Leonard Miller School of Medicine of University of Miami, Miami, Florida USA
| | - Gülin Öz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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28
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Plotegher N, Perocheau D, Ferrazza R, Massaro G, Bhosale G, Zambon F, Rahim AA, Guella G, Waddington SN, Szabadkai G, Duchen MR. Impaired cellular bioenergetics caused by GBA1 depletion sensitizes neurons to calcium overload. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:1588-1603. [PMID: 31685979 PMCID: PMC7206133 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) represent the major genetic risk for Parkinson's disease (PD), while homozygous GBA1 mutations cause Gaucher disease, a lysosomal storage disorder, which may involve severe neurodegeneration. We have previously demonstrated impaired autophagy and proteasomal degradation pathways and mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons from GBA1 knockout (gba1-/-) mice. We now show that stimulation with physiological glutamate concentrations causes pathological [Ca2+]c responses and delayed calcium deregulation, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and an irreversible fall in the ATP/ADP ratio. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake was reduced in gba1-/- cells as was expression of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. The rate of free radical generation was increased in gba1-/- neurons. Behavior of gba1+/- neurons was similar to gba1-/- in terms of all variables, consistent with a contribution of these mechanisms to the pathogenesis of PD. These data signpost reduced bioenergetic capacity and [Ca2+]c dysregulation as mechanisms driving neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Plotegher
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University College London, London, WC1E6XA, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Dany Perocheau
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, WC1E6HU, UK
| | - Ruggero Ferrazza
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, 38123, Povo (TN), Italy
| | - Giulia Massaro
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N1AX, UK
| | - Gauri Bhosale
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University College London, London, WC1E6XA, UK
| | - Federico Zambon
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University College London, London, WC1E6XA, UK
| | - Ahad A Rahim
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N1AX, UK
| | - Graziano Guella
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, 38123, Povo (TN), Italy
| | - Simon N Waddington
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, WC1E6HU, UK
- MRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University College London, London, WC1E6XA, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University College London, London, WC1E6XA, UK.
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29
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Glucocerebrosidase: Functions in and Beyond the Lysosome. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030736. [PMID: 32182893 PMCID: PMC7141376 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocerebrosidase (GCase) is a retaining β-glucosidase with acid pH optimum metabolizing the glycosphingolipid glucosylceramide (GlcCer) to ceramide and glucose. Inherited deficiency of GCase causes the lysosomal storage disorder named Gaucher disease (GD). In GCase-deficient GD patients the accumulation of GlcCer in lysosomes of tissue macrophages is prominent. Based on the above, the key function of GCase as lysosomal hydrolase is well recognized, however it has become apparent that GCase fulfills in the human body at least one other key function beyond lysosomes. Crucially, GCase generates ceramides from GlcCer molecules in the outer part of the skin, a process essential for optimal skin barrier property and survival. This review covers the functions of GCase in and beyond lysosomes and also pays attention to the increasing insight in hitherto unexpected catalytic versatility of the enzyme.
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30
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Martínez-Bailén M, Carmona AT, Cardona F, Matassini C, Goti A, Kubo M, Kato A, Robina I, Moreno-Vargas AJ. Synthesis of multimeric pyrrolidine iminosugar inhibitors of human β-glucocerebrosidase and α-galactosidase A: First example of a multivalent enzyme activity enhancer for Fabry disease. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 192:112173. [PMID: 32146376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a chemical library of multimeric pyrrolidine-based iminosugars by incorporation of three pairs of epimeric pyrrolidine-azides into different alkyne scaffolds via CuAAC is presented. The new multimers were evaluated as inhibitors of two important therapeutic enzymes, human α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A) and lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Structure-activity relationships were established focusing on the iminosugar inhitope, the valency of the dendron and the linker between the inhitope and the central scaffold. Remarkable is the result obtained in the inhibition of α-Gal A, where one of the nonavalent compounds showed potent inhibition (0.20 μM, competitive inhibition), being a 375-fold more potent inhibitor than the monovalent reference. The potential of the best α-Gal A inhibitors to act as pharmacological chaperones was analyzed by evaluating their ability to increase the activity of this enzyme in R301G fibroblasts from patients with Fabry disease, a genetic disorder related with a reduced activity of α-Gal A. The best enzyme activity enhancement was obtained for the same nonavalent compound, which increased 5.2-fold the activity of the misfolded enzyme at 2.5 μM, what constitutes the first example of a multivalent α-Gal A activity enhancer of potential interest in the treatment of Fabry disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Martínez-Bailén
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana T Carmona
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Francesca Cardona
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale di Ricerca in Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi (CINMPIS), 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Camilla Matassini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Andrea Goti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale di Ricerca in Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi (CINMPIS), 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Moemi Kubo
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Inmaculada Robina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio J Moreno-Vargas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
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31
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Toffoli M, Smith L, Schapira AHV. The biochemical basis of interactions between Glucocerebrosidase and alpha-synuclein in GBA1 mutation carriers. J Neurochem 2020; 154:11-24. [PMID: 31965564 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of genes involved in familial as well as sporadic forms of Parkinson disease (PD) constitutes an important milestone in understanding this disorder's pathophysiology and potential treatment. Among these genes, GBA1 is one of the most common and well-studied, but it is still unclear how mutations in GBA1 translate into an increased risk for developing PD. In this review, we provide an overview of the biochemical and structural relationship between GBA1 and PD to help understand the recent advances in the development of PD therapies intended to target this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Toffoli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Laura Smith
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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32
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Losada Díaz JC, Cepeda del Castillo J, Rodriguez-López EA, Alméciga-Díaz CJ. Advances in the Development of Pharmacological Chaperones for the Mucopolysaccharidoses. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010232. [PMID: 31905715 PMCID: PMC6981736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of 11 lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) produced by mutations in the enzymes involved in the lysosomal catabolism of glycosaminoglycans. Most of the mutations affecting these enzymes may lead to changes in processing, folding, glycosylation, pH stability, protein aggregation, and defective transport to the lysosomes. It this sense, it has been proposed that the use of small molecules, called pharmacological chaperones (PCs), can restore the folding, trafficking, and biological activity of mutated enzymes. PCs have the advantages of wide tissue distribution, potential oral administration, lower production cost, and fewer issues of immunogenicity than enzyme replacement therapy. In this paper, we will review the advances in the identification and characterization of PCs for the MPS. These molecules have been described for MPS II, IVA, and IVB, showing a mutation-dependent enhancement of the mutated enzymes. Although the results show the potential of this strategy, further studies should focus in the development of disease-specific cellular models that allow a proper screening and evaluation of PCs. In addition, in vivo evaluation, both pre-clinical and clinical, should be performed, before they can become a real therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Camilo Losada Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia; (J.C.L.D.); (J.C.d.C.); (E.A.R.-L.)
| | - Jacobo Cepeda del Castillo
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia; (J.C.L.D.); (J.C.d.C.); (E.A.R.-L.)
| | - Edwin Alexander Rodriguez-López
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia; (J.C.L.D.); (J.C.d.C.); (E.A.R.-L.)
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia
| | - Carlos J. Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C. 110231, Colombia; (J.C.L.D.); (J.C.d.C.); (E.A.R.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-1-3208320 (ext. 4140); Fax: +57-1-3208320 (ext. 4099)
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33
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Do MA, Levy D, Brown A, Marriott G, Lu B. Targeted delivery of lysosomal enzymes to the endocytic compartment in human cells using engineered extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17274. [PMID: 31754156 PMCID: PMC6872767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery of lysosomal enzymes to the endocytic compartment of human cells represents a transformative technology for treating a large family of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). Gaucher disease is one of the most common types of LSDs caused by mutations to the lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase (GBA). Here, we describe a genetic strategy to produce engineered exosomes loaded with GBA in two different spatial configurations for targeted delivery to the endocytic compartment of recipient cells. By fusing human GBA to an exosome-anchoring protein: vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG), we demonstrate that the chimeric proteins were successfully integrated into exosomes which were secreted as extracellular vesicles (EVs) by producer cells. Isolation and molecular characterization of EVs confirmed that the fusion proteins were loaded onto exosomes without altering their surface markers, particle size or distribution. Further, enzyme-loaded exosomes/EVs added to cultured medium were taken up by recipient cells. Further, the endocytosed exosomes/EVs targeted to endocytic compartments exhibited a significant increase in GBA activity. Together, we have developed a novel method for targeting and delivery of lysosomal enzymes to their natural location: the endocytic compartment of recipient cells. Since exosomes/EVs have an intrinsic ability to cross the blood-brain-barrier, our technology may provide a new approach to treat severe types of LSDs, including Gaucher disease with neurological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Anh Do
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California, 95053, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California, 95053, USA
| | - Annie Brown
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California, 95053, USA
| | - Gerard Marriott
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA94720, USA
| | - Biao Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California, 95053, USA.
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34
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Comprehensive clinical, biochemical and genetic screening reveals four distinct GBA genotypes as underlying variable manifestation of Gaucher disease in a single family. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2019; 21:100532. [PMID: 31709146 PMCID: PMC6831897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2019.100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disorder that is associated with bi-allelic pathogenic variants in GBA. Its wide clinical spectrum, ranging from mild organomegaly to significant skeletal and neurological involvement, is partially explained by genotype-phenotype correlations. We present a family, in which all members over two generations presented with at least splenomegaly. Comprehensive clinical, biochemical and genetic workup was required to diagnose GD, which is caused by as many as four distinct GBA genotypes.
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35
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Structural basis of the inhibition of GH1 β-glucosidases by multivalent pyrrolidine iminosugars. Bioorg Chem 2019; 89:103026. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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36
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The Link between Gaucher Disease and Parkinson's Disease Sheds Light on Old and Novel Disorders of Sphingolipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133304. [PMID: 31284408 PMCID: PMC6651136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid metabolism starts with the biosynthesis of ceramide, a bioactive lipid and the backbone for the biosynthesis of complex sphingolipids such as sphingomyelin and glycosphingolipids. These are degraded back to ceramide and then to sphingosine, which enters the ceramide–sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway or is further degraded. Several enzymes with multiple catalytic properties and subcellular localizations are thus involved in such metabolism. Hereditary defects of lysosomal hydrolases have been known for several years to be the cause of lysosomal storage diseases such as gangliosidoses, Gaucher disease, Niemann–Pick disease, Krabbe disease, Fabry disease, and Farber disease. More recently, many other inborn errors of sphingolipid metabolism have been recognized, involving enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of ceramide, sphingomyelin, and glycosphingolipids. Concurrently, epidemiologic and biochemical evidence has established a link between Gaucher disease and Parkinson’s disease, showing that glucocerebrosidase variants predispose individuals to α-synuclein accumulation and neurodegeneration even in the heterozygous status. This appears to be due not only to lysosomal overload of non-degraded glucosylceramide, but to the derangement of vesicle traffic and autophagy, including mitochondrial autophagy, triggered by both sphingolipid intermediates and misfolded proteins. In this review, old and novel disorders of sphingolipid metabolism, in particular those of ganglioside biosynthesis, are evaluated in light of recent investigations of the link between Gaucher disease and Parkinson’s disease, with the aim of better understanding their pathogenic mechanisms and addressing new potential therapeutic strategies.
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GBA, Gaucher Disease, and Parkinson's Disease: From Genetic to Clinic to New Therapeutic Approaches. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040364. [PMID: 31010158 PMCID: PMC6523296 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common degenerative disorder. Although the disease was described more than 200 years ago, its pathogenetic mechanisms have not yet been fully described. In recent years, the discovery of the association between mutations of the GBA gene (encoding for the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase) and PD facilitated a better understating of this disorder. GBA mutations are the most common genetic risk factor of the disease. However, mutations of this gene can be found in different phenotypes, such as Gaucher’s disease (GD), PD, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and rapid eye movements (REM) sleep behavior disorders (RBDs). Understanding the pathogenic role of this mutation and its different manifestations is crucial for geneticists and scientists to guide their research and to select proper cohorts of patients. Moreover, knowing the implications of the GBA mutation in the context of PD and the other associated phenotypes is also important for clinicians to properly counsel their patients and to implement their care. With the present review we aim to describe the genetic, clinical, and therapeutic features related to the mutation of the GBA gene.
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Compain P. Multivalent Effect in Glycosidase Inhibition: The End of the Beginning. CHEM REC 2019; 20:10-22. [PMID: 30993894 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycosidases are ubiquitous enzymes involved in a diversity of key biological processes such as energy uptake or cell wall degradation. The design of specific glycosidase inhibitors has been therefore the subject of intense research efforts in academia and pharmaceutical industry. However, until recently, the study of the impact of multivalency on glycosidase inhibition was almost completely neglected. The following account will review our ten year journey on the design of multivalent glycomimetics within our research group, from the discovery of the first strong multivalent effect in glycosidase inhibition to the high-resolution crystal structures of Jack bean α-mannosidase in complex with the multimeric inhibitor displaying the largest binding enhancements reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Compain
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Univ. de Strasbourg, Univ. de Haute-Alsace, CNRS (UMR 7042), Equipe de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO), ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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Liou B, Zhang W, Fannin V, Quinn B, Ran H, Xu K, Setchell KDR, Witte D, Grabowski GA, Sun Y. Combination of acid β-glucosidase mutation and Saposin C deficiency in mice reveals Gba1 mutation dependent and tissue-specific disease phenotype. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5571. [PMID: 30944381 PMCID: PMC6447580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease is caused by mutations in GBA1 encoding acid β-glucosidase (GCase). Saposin C enhances GCase activity and protects GCase from intracellular proteolysis. Structure simulations indicated that the mutant GCases, N370S (0 S), V394L (4L) and D409V(9V)/H(9H), had altered function. To investigate the in vivo function of Gba1 mutants, mouse models were generated by backcrossing the above homozygous mutant GCase mice into Saposin C deficient (C*) mice. Without saposin C, the mutant GCase activities in the resultant mouse tissues were reduced by ~50% compared with those in the presence of Saposin C. In contrast to 9H and 4L mice that have normal histology and life span, the 9H;C* and 4L;C* mice had shorter life spans. 9H;C* mice developed significant visceral glucosylceramide (GC) and glucosylsphingosine (GS) accumulation (GC»GS) and storage macrophages, but lesser GC in the brain, compared to 4L;C* mice that presents with a severe neuronopathic phenotype and accumulated GC and GS primarily in the brain. Unlike 9V mice that developed normally for over a year, 9V;C* pups had a lethal skin defect as did 0S;C* mice resembled that of 0S mice. These variant Gaucher disease mouse models presented a mutation specific phenotype and underscored the in vivo role of Saposin C in the modulation of Gaucher disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Liou
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wujuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Venette Fannin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brian Quinn
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Huimin Ran
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kui Xu
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth D R Setchell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David Witte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gregory A Grabowski
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ying Sun
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Monzani E, Nicolis S, Dell'Acqua S, Capucciati A, Bacchella C, Zucca FA, Mosharov EV, Sulzer D, Zecca L, Casella L. Dopamin, oxidativer Stress und Protein‐Chinonmodifikationen bei Parkinson und anderen neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Monzani
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pavia 27100 Pavia Italien
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabio A. Zucca
- Institute of Biomedical TechnologiesNational Research Council of Italy Segrate (Mailand) Italien
| | - Eugene V. Mosharov
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Medical CenterNew York State Psychiatric Institute New York NY USA
- Departments Neurology, PharmacologyColumbia University Medical Center New York NY USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Medical CenterNew York State Psychiatric Institute New York NY USA
- Departments Neurology, PharmacologyColumbia University Medical Center New York NY USA
| | - Luigi Zecca
- Institute of Biomedical TechnologiesNational Research Council of Italy Segrate (Mailand) Italien
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Medical CenterNew York State Psychiatric Institute New York NY USA
| | - Luigi Casella
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Pavia 27100 Pavia Italien
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41
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Monzani E, Nicolis S, Dell'Acqua S, Capucciati A, Bacchella C, Zucca FA, Mosharov EV, Sulzer D, Zecca L, Casella L. Dopamine, Oxidative Stress and Protein-Quinone Modifications in Parkinson's and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6512-6527. [PMID: 30536578 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is the most important catecholamine in the brain, as it is the most abundant and the precursor of other neurotransmitters. Degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta in Parkinson's disease represents the best-studied link between DA neurotransmission and neuropathology. Catecholamines are reactive molecules that are handled through complex control and transport systems. Under normal conditions, small amounts of cytosolic DA are converted to neuromelanin in a stepwise process involving melanization of peptides and proteins. However, excessive cytosolic or extraneuronal DA can give rise to nonselective protein modifications. These reactions involve DA oxidation to quinone species and depend on the presence of redox-active transition metal ions such as iron and copper. Other oxidized DA metabolites likely participate in post-translational protein modification. Thus, protein-quinone modification is a heterogeneous process involving multiple DA-derived residues that produce structural and conformational changes of proteins and can lead to aggregation and inactivation of the modified proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Monzani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Nicolis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Bacchella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio A Zucca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate (Milano), Italy
| | - Eugene V Mosharov
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luigi Zecca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate (Milano), Italy.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luigi Casella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Exploring substituent diversity on pyrrolidine-aryltriazole iminosugars: Structural basis of β-glucocerebrosidase inhibition. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:652-664. [PMID: 30825709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a library of pyrrolidine-aryltriazole hybrids through CuAAC between two epimeric dihydroxylated azidomethylpyrrolidines and differently substituted phenylacetylenes is reported. The evaluation of the new compounds as inhibitors of lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase showed the importance of the substitution pattern of the phenyl moiety in the inhibition. Crystallization and docking studies revealed key interactions of the pyrrolidine motif with aminoacid residues of the catalytic site while the aryltriazole moiety extended along a hydrophobic surface groove. Some of these compounds were able to increase the enzyme activity in Gaucher patient fibroblasts, acting as a new type of chemical chaperone for Gaucher disease.
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Blandini F, Cilia R, Cerri S, Pezzoli G, Schapira AHV, Mullin S, Lanciego JL. Glucocerebrosidase mutations and synucleinopathies: Toward a model of precision medicine. Mov Disord 2018; 34:9-21. [PMID: 30589955 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocerebrosidase is a lysosomal enzyme. The characterization of a direct link between mutations in the gene coding for glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) with the development of Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies has heightened interest in this enzyme. Although the mechanisms through which glucocerebrosidase regulates the homeostasis of α-synuclein remains poorly understood, the identification of reduced glucocerebrosidase activity in the brains of patients with PD and dementia with Lewy bodies has paved the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies directed at enhancing glucocerebrosidase activity and reducing α-synuclein burden, thereby slowing down or even preventing neuronal death. Here we reviewed the current literature relating to the mechanisms underlying the cross talk between glucocerebrosidase and α-synuclein, the GBA1 mutation-associated clinical phenotypes, and ongoing therapeutic approaches targeting glucocerebrosidase. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Blandini
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Cilia
- Parkinson Institute, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Cerri
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Parkinson Institute, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Hampstead, UK
| | - Stephen Mullin
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Hampstead, UK.,Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, Plymouth University Peninsula School of Medicine, Plymouth, UK
| | - José L Lanciego
- Programa de Neurociencias, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada (FIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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Mullin S, Hughes D, Mehta A, Schapira AHV. Neurological effects of glucocerebrosidase gene mutations. Eur J Neurol 2018; 26:388-e29. [PMID: 30315684 PMCID: PMC6492454 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The association between Gaucher disease (GD) and Parkinson disease (PD) has been described for almost two decades. In the biallelic state (homozygous or compound heterozygous) mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) may cause GD, in which glucosylceramide, the sphingolipid substrate of the glucocerebrosidase enzyme (GCase), accumulates in visceral organs leading to a number of clinical phenotypes. In the biallelic or heterozygous state, GBA mutations increase the risk for PD. Mutations of the GBA allele are the most significant genetic risk factor for idiopathic PD, found in 5%–20% of idiopathic PD cases depending on ethnicity. The neurological consequences of GBA mutations are reviewed and the proposition that GBA mutations result in a disparate but connected range of clinically and pathologically related neurological features is discussed. The literature relating to the clinical, biochemical and genetic basis of GBA PD, type 1 GD and neuronopathic GD is considered highlighting commonalities and distinctions between them. The evidence for a unifying disease mechanism is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mullin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth School of Medicine, Plymouth, UK
| | - D Hughes
- LSD Unit/Department of Haematology, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, UCL, London, UK
| | - A Mehta
- LSD Unit/Department of Haematology, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, UCL, London, UK
| | - A H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Thirumal Kumar D, Eldous HG, Mahgoub ZA, George Priya Doss C, Zayed H. Computational modelling approaches as a potential platform to understand the molecular genetics association between Parkinson's and Gaucher diseases. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1835-1847. [PMID: 29978341 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gaucher's disease (GD) is a genetic disorder in which glucocerebroside accumulates in cells and specific organs. It is broadly classified into type I, type II and type III. Patients with GD are at high risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), and the clinical and pathological presentation of GD patients with PD is almost identical to idiopathic PD. Several experimental models like cell culture, animal models, and transgenic mice models were used to understand the molecular mechanism behind GD and PD association; however, such mechanism remains unclear. In this context, based on literature reports, we identified the most common mutations K198T, E326K, T369M, N370S, V394L, D409H, L444P, and R496H, in the Glucosylceramidase (GBA) protein that are known to cause GD1, and represent a risk of developing PD. However, to date, no computational analyses have designed to elucidate the potential functional role of GD mutations with increased risk of PD. The present computational pipeline allows us to understand the structural and functional significance of these GBA mutations with PD. Based on the published data, the most common and severe mutations were E326K, N370S, and L444P, which further selected for our computational analysis. PredictSNP and iStable servers predicted L444P mutant to be the most deleterious and responsible for the protein destabilization, followed by the N370S mutation. Further, we used the structural analysis and molecular dynamics approach to compare the most frequent deleterious mutations (N370S and L444P) with the mild mutation E326K. The structural analysis demonstrated that the location of E326K and N370S in the alpha helix region of the protein whereas the mutant L444P was in the starting region of the beta sheet, which might explain the predicted pathogenicity level and destabilization effect of the L444P mutant. Finally, Molecular Dynamics (MD) at 50 ns showed the highest deviation and fluctuation pattern in the L444P mutant compared to the two mutants E326K and N370S and the native protein. This was consistent with more loss of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and less compaction of the radius of gyration in the L444P mutant. The proposed study is anticipated to serve as a potential platform to understand the mechanism of the association between GD and PD, and might facilitate the process of drug discovery against both GD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Thirumal Kumar
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Hend Ghasan Eldous
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zainab Alaa Mahgoub
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - C George Priya Doss
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | - Hatem Zayed
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Balestrino R, Schapira AHV. Glucocerebrosidase and Parkinson Disease: Molecular, Clinical, and Therapeutic Implications. Neuroscientist 2018; 24:540-559. [PMID: 29400127 DOI: 10.1177/1073858417748875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease characterised by multiple motor and non-motor symptoms. In the last 20 years, more than 20 genes have been identified as causes of parkinsonism. Following the observation of higher risk of PD in patients affected by Gaucher disease, a lysosomal disorder caused by mutations in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene, it was discovered that mutations in this gene constitute the single largest risk factor for development of idiopathic PD. Patients with PD and GBA mutations are clinically indistinguishable from patients with idiopathic PD, although some characteristics emerge depending on the specific mutation, such as slightly earlier onset. The molecular mechanisms which lead to this increased PD risk in GBA mutation carriers are multiple and not yet fully elucidated, they include alpha-synuclein aggregation, lysosomal-autophagy dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Moreover, dysfunction of glucocerebrosidase has also been demonstrated in non-GBA PD, suggesting its interaction with other pathogenic mechanisms. Therefore, GBA enzyme function represents an interesting pharmacological target for PD. Cell and animal models suggest that increasing GBA enzyme activity can reduce alpha-synuclein levels. Clinical trials of ambroxol, a glucocerebrosidase chaperone, are currently ongoing in PD and PD dementia, as is a trial of substrate reduction therapy. The aim of this review is to summarise the main features of GBA-PD and discuss the implications of glucocerebrosidase modulation on PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- 2 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
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Moskot M, Bocheńska K, Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka J, Banecki B, Gabig-Cimińska M. Abnormal Sphingolipid World in Inflammation Specific for Lysosomal Storage Diseases and Skin Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E247. [PMID: 29342918 PMCID: PMC5796195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in recent years has shown that sphingolipids are essential signalling molecules for the proper biological and structural functioning of cells. Long-term studies on the metabolism of sphingolipids have provided evidence for their role in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. As many inflammatory diseases, such as lysosomal storage disorders and some dermatologic diseases, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and ichthyoses, are associated with the altered composition and metabolism of sphingolipids, more studies precisely determining the responsibilities of these compounds for disease states are required to develop novel pharmacological treatment opportunities. It is worth emphasizing that knowledge from the study of inflammatory metabolic diseases and especially the possibility of their treatment may lead to insight into related metabolic pathways, including those involved in the formation of the epidermal barrier and providing new approaches towards workable therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moskot
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Kadki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland.
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Bocheńska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | | | - Bogdan Banecki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Gabig-Cimińska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Kadki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland.
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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48
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Cenci MA, Olanow CW. Translating scientific advances into disease-modifying therapies for Parkinson's Disease. Exp Neurol 2017; 298:135-136. [PMID: 29145992 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Dept. Exp. Med. Science, Lund University, Lund (Sweden)
| | - C Warren Olanow
- Clintrex LLC; Department of Neurology and Department of Neurosciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York
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