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Fei X, Dou Y, Yang Y, Zheng B, Luo P, Dai S, Zhang J, Peng K, Jiang X, Yu Y, Wei J. Lipocalin-2 inhibition alleviates neural injury by microglia ferroptosis suppression after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in mice via enhancing ferritin light chain expression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167435. [PMID: 39067535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microglia play pivotal roles in post-intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) neural injury. Iron metabolism, which is dysregulated after ICH, participates in microglial dysfunction. Previous studies have shown that iron metabolism-related lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is involved in regulating microglial function following ICH. In this study, we investigated the role of LCN2 in microglial function following ICH. METHODS The BV2 (microglia) cell line, transfected with LCN2 for overexpression/interference, received a blood infusion from C57BL/6 mice in vitro. For the in vivo study of LCN2 function, an LCN2 knockout was conducted in mice. Liproxstatin-1 and RSL3 were used to manipulate ferroptosis and to study the effects of LCN2 on microglia after ICH. A BV2 (microglia) cell line, transfected with ferritin light chain (FTL) for overexpression/interference, was co-cultured with primary cultured neurons for a study on the mechanism of LCN2. Behavioral tests were conducted pre-ICH and on days 3, 7, and 28 post-ICH, and the brains and cultured cells were collected for protein, histological, and morphological studies. RESULTS Brain LCN2 expression was upregulated in microglia, astrocytes, and neurons and played hazardous roles after ICH. In microglia, LCN2 promoted ferroptosis, which facilitated neural injury after ICH. LCN2-mediated FTL deficiency was shown to be responsible for microglial ferroptosis-induced neural injury. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that LCN2-enhanced microglial ferroptosis plays a detrimental role by inducing FTL deficiency after ICH. The current study reveals a novel molecular mechanism involved in the pathophysiological progression of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanan Dou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuefan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Buyi Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuhui Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kang Peng
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jialiang Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Health Service, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Luo Y, Zhu J, Hu Z, Luo W, Du X, Hu H, Peng S. Progress in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Encephalopathy: The Key Role of Neuroinflammation. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3841. [PMID: 39295168 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is a severe complication that occurs in the central nervous system (CNS) and leads to cognitive impairment. DE involves various pathophysiological processes, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. This review summarised current research on the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy, which involves neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, iron homoeostasis, blood-brain barrier disruption, altered gut microbiota, insulin resistance, etc. Among these pathological mechanisms, neuroinflammation has been focused on. This paper summarises some of the molecular mechanisms involved in neuroinflammation, including the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2), Pyroptosis, Advanced Glycosylation End Products (AGEs), and some common pro-inflammatory factors. In addition, we discuss recent advances in the study of potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of DE against neuroinflammation. The current research on the pathogenesis of DE is progressing slowly, and more research is needed in the future. Further study of neuroinflammation as a mechanism is conducive to the discovery of more effective treatments for DE in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinxi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ziyan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haijun Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shengliang Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Wang H, Wang Z, Gao Y, Wang J, Yuan Y, Zhang C, Zhang X. STZ-induced diabetes exacerbates neurons ferroptosis after ischemic stroke by upregulating LCN2 in neutrophils. Exp Neurol 2024; 377:114797. [PMID: 38670252 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic is a major contributor to the unfavorable prognosis of ischemic stroke. However, intensive hypoglycemic strategies do not improve stroke outcomes, implying that diabetes may affect stroke outcomes through other ways. Ferroptosis is a novel programmed cell death pathway associated with the development of diabetes and ischemic stroke. This study aimed to investigate the effect of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes on ferroptosis after stroke from the immune cell perspective, and to provide a theoretical foundation for the clinical management of ischemic stroke in patients with diabetes. The results revealed that STZ-induced diabetes not only facilitates the infiltration of neutrophils into the brain after stroke, but also upregulates the expression of lipocalin 2 (LCN2) in neutrophils. LCN2 promotes lipid peroxide accumulation by increasing intracellular ferrous ions, which intensify ferroptosis in major brain cell populations, especially neurons. Our findings suggest that STZ-induced diabetes aggravates ischemic stroke partially by mediating ferroptosis through neutrophil-derived LCN2. These data contribute to improved understanding of post-stroke immune regulation in diabetes, and offer a potentially novel therapeutic target for the management of acute-stage ischemic stroke complicated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China
| | - Yuxiao Gao
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China
| | - Yujia Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, PR China.
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Jin MH, Liu XD, Sun HN, Han YH, Kwon T. Peroxiredoxin II exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress-induced neuronal pyroptosis. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:607. [PMID: 38704801 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a critical neurological condition with few treatment options, where secondary immune responses and specific cell death forms, like pyroptosis, worsen brain damage. Pyroptosis involves gasdermin-mediated membrane pores, increasing inflammation and neural harm, with the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway being central to this process. Peroxiredoxin II (Prx II), recognized for its mitochondrial protection and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging abilities, appears as a promising neuronal pyroptosis modulator. However, its exact role and action mechanisms need clearer definition. This research aims to explore Prx II impact on neuronal pyroptosis and elucidate its mechanisms, especially regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage modulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Utilizing MTT assays, Microscopy, Hoechst/PI staining, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence, we found Prx II effectively reduces LPS/ATP-induced pyroptosis and neuroinflammation in HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells. Our results indicate Prx II's neuroprotective actions are mediated through PI3K/AKT activation and ER stress pathway inhibition, diminishing mitochondrial dysfunction and decreasing neuronal pyroptosis through the ROS/MAPK/NF-κB pathway. These findings highlight Prx II potential therapeutic value in improving intracerebral hemorrhage outcomes by lessening secondary brain injury via critical signaling pathway modulation involved in neuronal pyroptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study not only underlines Prx II importance in neuroprotection but also opens new therapeutic intervention avenues in intracerebral hemorrhage, stressing the complex interplay between redox regulation, ER stress, and mitochondrial dynamics in neuroinflammation and cell death management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hua Jin
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Ying-Hao Han
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk, 56216, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Applied Biological Engineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Zhao Y, Xiao Q, Sun T, Yu H, Luo M. Knockdown of LCN2 Attenuates Brain Injury After Intracerebral Hemorrhage via Suppressing Pyroptosis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2024; 20:83-99. [PMID: 38249526 PMCID: PMC10800110 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s440065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aims of this study are to screen novel differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and reveal the role of Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) in ICH. Methods We constructed the ICH model by injection of autologous whole blood into the right basal ganglia in rats. RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify the DEGs between ICH and sham rats, and some important ones were confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). LCN shRNA was used to knockdown of LCN2 in ICH rats. Pathological examination was carried out using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Immunohistochemistry detected Caspase-3, and co-staining of Terminal dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and NEUN staining were performed for neuron apoptosis assessment. Western blot analysis was performed to quantify pyroptosis-related proteins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure inflammatory cytokine levels. Results ICH rats exhibited significant hematomas, higher brain water content, obvious interstitial edema, and inflammatory infiltration, as well as more apoptotic cells in brain tissues. RNA-seq analysis identified 103 upregulated and 81 downregulated DEGs. The expression of LCN2, HSPB1, CXCL10, and MEF2B were upregulated in ICH rats. ICH triggered the release of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-18, and promoted the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins Caspase-1, GSDMD, NLRP3, and ASC. LCN2 knockdown attenuated the pathological characteristics of ICH, and also reduced pyroptosis in brain tissues. Conclusion Inhibition of LCN2 attenuates brain injury after ICH via suppressing pyroptosis, which provide guidance for ICH management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuxiang Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyun Yu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Muyun Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Song X, Qi T, Gao S, Sun C, Yang J, Zhou X. Association between lipocalin-2 levels and diabetic retinopathy in patients with overweight/obese type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:2785-2792. [PMID: 37069380 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The study aimed to investigate the association between lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) levels and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with overweight/obese type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), and to explore the mechanism of LCN-2 in overweight/obese DR. METHODS The study involved 237 T2DM inpatients divided into the normal group and overweight/obese group, and the two groups were further divided into two subgroups according to the presence or absence of DR. The demographic data and biochemical parameters were measured. RESULTS LCN-2 levels in overweight/obese groups were higher than those in normal groups (P < 0.001 for all), and patients with DR had higher levels of LCN-2 than those without DR(P < 0.05 for all) in normal groups and overweight/obese groups. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that no significant significance was observed for LCN-2 levels compared to those below the median in the normal group, but individuals with LCN-2 levels above the median had 4.198 times higher risk of developing DR than those below the median (OR = 4.198, 95% CI = 1.676-10.516) after adjustment for potential confounding factors in the overweight/obese group. In the total, normal and overweight/obese groups, the prediction capacity of LCN-2 for DR was 1.56, 1.58 and 1.65 times, respectively. Conclusionsː In conclusion, our study found that LCN-2 levels were higher in overweight/obese patients with DR, and LCN-2 was an independent predictor of DR in T2DM patients with overweight/obese. In addition, LCN-2 may be a valuable predictor of DR-like factors such as the duration of diabetes and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojun Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tianying Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaxuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinli Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Ye F, Yang J, Holste KG, Koduri S, Hua Y, Keep RF, Garton HJL, Xi G. Characteristics of activation of monocyte-derived macrophages versus microglia after mouse experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1475-1489. [PMID: 37113078 PMCID: PMC10414013 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231173187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Both monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and brain resident microglia participate in hematoma resolution after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Here, we utilized a transgenic mouse line with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) labeled microglia (Tmem119-EGFP mice) combined with a F4/80 immunohistochemistry (a pan-macrophage marker) to visualize changes in MDMs and microglia after ICH. A murine model of ICH was used in which autologous blood was stereotactically injected into the right basal ganglia. The autologous blood was co-injected with CD47 blocking antibodies to enhance phagocytosis or clodronate liposomes for phagocyte depletion. In addition, Tmem119-EGFP mice were injected with the blood components peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) or thrombin. MDMs entered the brain and formed a peri-hematoma cell layer by day 3 after ICH and giant phagocytes engulfed red blood cells were found. CD47 blocking antibody increased the number of MDMs around and inside the hematoma and extended MDM phagocytic activity to day 7. Both MDMs and microglia could be diminished by clodronate liposomes. Intracerebral injection of Prx2 but not thrombin attracted MDMs into brain parenchyma. In conclusion, MDMs play an important role in phagocytosis after ICH which can be enhanced by CD47 blocking antibody, suggesting the modulation of MDMs after ICH could be a future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghui Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jinting Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Sravanthi Koduri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ya Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hugh JL Garton
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guohua Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Zhao RY, Wei PJ, Sun X, Zhang DH, He QY, Liu J, Chang JL, Yang Y, Guo ZN. Role of lipocalin 2 in stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 179:106044. [PMID: 36804285 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide; however, the treatment choices available to neurologists are limited in clinical practice. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is a secreted protein, belonging to the lipocalin superfamily, with multiple biological functions in mediating innate immune response, inflammatory response, iron-homeostasis, cell migration and differentiation, energy metabolism, and other processes in the body. LCN2 is expressed at low levels in the brain under normal physiological conditions, but its expression is significantly up-regulated in multiple acute stimulations and chronic pathologies. An up-regulation of LCN2 has been found in the blood/cerebrospinal fluid of patients with ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke, and could serve as a potential biomarker for the prediction of the severity of acute stroke. LCN2 activates reactive astrocytes and microglia, promotes neutrophil infiltration, amplifies post-stroke inflammation, promotes blood-brain barrier disruption, white matter injury, and neuronal death. Moreover, LCN2 is involved in brain injury induced by thrombin and erythrocyte lysates, as well as microvascular thrombosis after hemorrhage. In this paper, we review the role of LCN2 in the pathological processes of ischemic stroke; intracerebral hemorrhage; subarachnoid hemorrhage; and stroke-related brain diseases, such as vascular dementia and post-stroke depression, and their underlying mechanisms. We hope that this review will help elucidate the value of LCN2 as a therapeutic target in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Yu Zhao
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Peng-Ju Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Dian-Hui Zhang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Qian-Yan He
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Jun-Lei Chang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China; Neuroscience Research Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China; Neuroscience Research Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Changchun, China.
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Bian C, Wan Y, Koduri S, Hua Y, Keep RF, Xi G. Iron-Induced Hydrocephalus: the Role of Choroid Plexus Stromal Macrophages. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:238-249. [PMID: 35543803 PMCID: PMC9794223 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that erythrocyte-derived iron and inflammation both play a role in intraventricular hemorrhage-induced brain injury including hydrocephalus. Many immune-associated cells, primarily stromal macrophages, reside at the choroid plexus where they are involved in inflammatory responses and antigen presentation. However, whether intraventricular iron impacts those stromal cells is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between choroid plexus stromal macrophages and iron-induced hydrocephalus in rats and the impact of minocycline and clodronate liposomes on those changes. Aged (18-month-old) and young (3-month-old) male Fischer 344 rats were used to study choroid plexus stromal macrophages. Rats underwent intraventricular iron injection to induce hydrocephalus and treated with either minocycline, a microglia/macrophage inhibitor, or clodronate liposomes, a macrophage depleting agent. Ventricular volume was measured using magnetic resonance imaging, and stromal macrophages were quantified by immunofluorescence staining. We found that stromal macrophages accounted for about 10% of the total choroid plexus cells with more in aged rats. In both aged and young rats, intraventricular iron injection resulted in hydrocephalus and increased stromal macrophage number. Minocycline or clodronate liposomes ameliorated iron-induced hydrocephalus and the increase in stromal macrophages. In conclusion, stromal macrophages account for ~10% of all choroid plexus cells, with more in aged rats. Treatments targeting macrophages (minocycline and clodronate liposomes) are associated with reduced iron-induced hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyi Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingfeng Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sravanthi Koduri
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ya Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guohua Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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10
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Wan Y, Holste KG, Hua Y, Keep RF, Xi G. Brain edema formation and therapy after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105948. [PMID: 36481437 PMCID: PMC10013956 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for about 10% of all strokes in the United States of America causing a high degree of disability and mortality. There is initial (primary) brain injury due to the mechanical disruption caused by the hematoma. There is then secondary injury, triggered by the initial injury but also the release of various clot-derived factors (e.g., thrombin and hemoglobin). ICH alters brain fluid homeostasis. Apart from the initial hematoma mass, ICH causes blood-brain barrier disruption and parenchymal cell swelling, which result in brain edema and intracranial hypertension affecting patient prognosis. Reducing brain edema is a critical part of post-ICH care. However, there are limited effective treatment methods for reducing perihematomal cerebral edema and intracranial pressure in ICH. This review discusses the mechanisms underlying perihematomal brain edema formation, the effects of sex and age, as well as how edema is resolved. It examines progress in pharmacotherapy, particularly focusing on drugs which have been or are currently being investigated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Ya Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Guohua Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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11
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Tang K, Zhang J, Cao H, Xiao G, Wang Z, Zhang X, Zhang N, Wu W, Zhang H, Wang Q, Xu H, Cheng Q. Identification of CD73 as a Novel Biomarker Encompassing the Tumor Microenvironment, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Responses in Various Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5663. [PMID: 36428755 PMCID: PMC9688912 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD73 is essential in promoting tumor growth by prohibiting anti-tumor immunity in many cancer types. While the mechanism remains largely unknown, our paper comprehensively confirmed the onco-immunological characteristics of CD73 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of pan-cancer. This paper explored the expression pattern, mutational profile, prognostic value, tumor immune infiltration, and response to immunotherapy of CD73 in a continuous cohort of cancers through various computational tools. The co-expression of CD73 on cancer cells, immune cells, and stromal cells in the TME was also detected. Especially, we examined the correlation between CD73 and CD8+ (a marker of T cell), CD68+ (a marker of macrophage), and CD163+ (a marker of M2 macrophage) cells using multiplex immunofluorescence staining of tissue microarrays. CD73 expression is significantly associated with a patient's prognosis and could be a promising predictor of these cancers. High CD73 levels are strongly linked to immune infiltrations, neoantigens, and immune checkpoint expression in the TME. In particular, enrichment signaling pathway analysis demonstrated that CD73 was obviously related to activation pathways of immune cells, including T cells, macrophages, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Meanwhile, single-cell sequencing algorithms found that CD73 is predominantly co-expressed on cancer cells, CAFs, M2 macrophages, and T cells in several cancers. In addition, we explored the cellular communication among 14 cell types in glioblastoma (GBM) based on CD73 expression. Based on the expression of CD73 as well as macrophage and T cell markers, we predicted the methylation and enrichment pathways of these markers in pan-cancer. Furthermore, a lot of therapeutic molecules sensitive to these markers were predicted. Finally, potential anticancer inhibitors, immunotherapies, and gene therapy responses targeting CD73 were identified from a series of immunotherapy cohorts. CD73 is closely linked to clinical prognosis and immune infiltration in many cancers. Targeting CD73-dependent signaling pathways may be a promising therapeutic strategy for future tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Tang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of Discipline Construction, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha 410007, China
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Gelei Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- One-Third Lab, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Wantao Wu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Qianrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410011, China
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Huilan Xu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
- Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Center for Glioma of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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12
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Zhang H, Li S, Li J, Liu H, Cheng Q. The role of lipocalin 2 in brain injury and recovery after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:930526. [PMID: 36187347 PMCID: PMC9520288 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.930526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke (including intracerebral hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage) is the dominating cause of disability and death worldwide. Neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, neuronal death are the main pathological progress, which eventually causes brain injury. Increasing evidence indicated that lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a 25k-Da acute phase protein from the lipocalin superfamily, significantly increased immediately after the stroke and played a vital role in these events. Meanwhile, there exists a close relationship between LCN2 levels and the worse clinical outcome of patients with stroke. Further research revealed that LCN2 elimination is associated with reduced immune infiltrates, infarct volume, brain edema, BBB leakage, neuronal death, and neurological deficits. However, some studies revealed that LCN2 might also act as a beneficial factor in ischemic stroke. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism of LCN2 and its primary receptors (24p3R and megalin) involving in brain injury remains unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the mechanism of LCN2 induced brain damage after stroke. This review focuses on the role of LCN2 and its receptors in brain injury and aiming to find out possible therapeutic targets to reduce brain damage following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Shuwang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Hongwei Liu,
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
- Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Center for Glioma of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Cheng,
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13
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Zhang X, Dai Z, Zhi-Peng W, Yu J, Peng Y, Wu W, Zhang N, Luo P, Zhang J, Liu Z, Feng S, Zhang H, Cheng Q. Large-Scale Single-Cell and Bulk Sequencing Analyses Reveal the Prognostic Value and Immune Aspects of CD147 in Pan-Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:810471. [PMID: 35464411 PMCID: PMC9019465 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.810471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CD147 plays an important role in promoting tumor proliferation and inhibiting cancer cell apoptosis in the tumor microenvironment. However, the mechanisms by which CD147 is involved in tumorigenesis remains unclear. This study systematically analyzed the prognostic value and immune characteristics of CD147 in 31 cancer types. The expression levels and mutant landscapes of CD147 in pan-cancer were explored. The Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis was applied to analyze the prognostic value of CD147. The immune characteristics of CD147 in the tumor microenvironment were evaluated via TIMER 2.0 and R package (immunedeconv). We also explored the expression of CD147 on tumor cells and stromal cells through Gene Set Variation Analysis and single-cell sequencing analysis. The co-expression of CD147 and macrophage markers CD68 and CD163 in pan-cancer was detected using multiplex immunofluorescence staining on tissue microarrays. CD147 was found to be overexpressed in almost all cancer types, which was related to poor outcome. CD147 expression exhibited a strong association with immune infiltrates, immune checkpoint molecules, and neoantigen levels in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, CD147 was expressed on various cell types in the tumor microenvironment, including tumor cells, macrophages, T cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, etc. Furthermore, multiplex immunofluorescence revealed the co-expression pattern of CD147 and macrophage markers CD68 and CD163 in many tumor types. Finally, the immunotherapy response and sensitive small molecule drugs based on CD147 expression were predicted. In sum, CD147 has a significant relationship with the clinical outcome and immune infiltrates in multiple cancer types. Inhibiting the CD147-dependent signaling pathways might be a promising therapeutic strategy for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyu Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Zhi-Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wantao Wu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- One-third Lab, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Songshan Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Center for Glioma of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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Luo C, Zhou S, Yin S, Jian L, Luo P, Dong J, Liu E. Lipocalin-2 and Cerebral Stroke. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:850849. [PMID: 35493318 PMCID: PMC9039332 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.850849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a common and devastating disease with an escalating prevalence worldwide. The known secondary injuries after stroke include cell death, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, oxidative stress, iron dysregulation, and neurovascular unit dysfunction. Lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) is a neutrophil gelatinase-associated protein that influences diverse cellular processes during a stroke. The role of LCN-2 has been widely recognized in the peripheral system; however, recent findings have revealed that there are links between LCN-2 and secondary injury and diseases in the central nervous system. Novel roles of LCN-2 in neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and endothelial cells have also been demonstrated. Here, we review the evidence on the regulatory roles of LCN-2 in secondary injuries following a stroke from various perspectives and the pathological mechanisms involved in the modulation of stroke. Overall, our review suggests that LCN-2 is a promising target to promote a better understanding of the neuropathology of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Shi Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lipeng Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Pengren Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jigeng Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Erheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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15
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Wang X, Zhang C, Zou N, Chen Q, Wang C, Zhou X, Luo L, Qi H, Li J, Liu Z, Yi J, Li J, Liu W. Lipocalin-2 silencing suppresses inflammation and oxidative stress of acute respiratory distress syndrome by ferroptosis via inhibition of MAPK/ERK pathway in neonatal mice. Bioengineered 2022; 13:508-520. [PMID: 34969358 PMCID: PMC8805876 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2009970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, but there is a lack of pharmacologic treatment and clinical targeted therapies. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) on ferroptosis-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress in neonatal ARDS and the potential mechanism. In this study, we established an in vivo ARDS mouse model and an in vitro ARDS cell model by LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) stimulation. Lung tissue injury was evaluated by wet/dry ratios and histopathological examination. LCN2 expression was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Inflammatory factors, oxidative stress and apoptosis were also detected. Ferroptosis was identified by detection of Fe2+ level and ferroptosis-associated protein expressions. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway signaling was examined by Western blot analysis. The data revealed that LCN2 expression was significantly upregulated in neonatal mice with ARDS. Interference with LCN2 protected LPS-induced lung in neonatal mouse by reducing the radio of wet/dry and alleviating pathological damages. In addition, LCN2 silencing repressed LPS-induced inflammation, oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro, as well as apoptosis. Meanwhile, decreased level of Fe2+ and transferrin while increased levels of ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were observed. The expression MAPK/ERK pathway was inhibited by depletion of LCN2. The present results suggest that LCN2 knockdown protected LPS-induced ARDS model via inhibition of ferroptosis-related inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibiting the MAPK/ERK pathway, thereby presenting a novel target for the treatment of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Yichang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Women and Children, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Yichang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Women and Children, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Na Zou
- Department of Neonatology, Yichang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Women and Children, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Yichang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Women and Children, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Chaojun Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Yichang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Women and Children, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Yichang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Women and Children, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Yichang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Women and Children, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Haibin Qi
- Department of Neonatology, Yichang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Women and Children, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Junhua Li
- Department of Neonatology, Yichang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Women and Children, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Ultrasonographic Department, Yichang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Women and Children, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jinghong Yi
- Department of Neonatology, Yichang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Women and Children, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Science and Education, Yichang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Women and Children, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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16
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Wei L, Du Y, Xie Y, Yu X, Chen H, Qiu Y. Lipocalin-2 Regulates Hippocampal Microglial Activation in Poststroke Depression. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:798335. [PMID: 34966272 PMCID: PMC8710735 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.798335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Microglia play important role in poststroke depression (PSD), however, the exact mechanism was still unclear. The purpose of the study was to study the mechanism of microglial activation in PSD. Methods: 24 rats were randomly divided into three groups: the PSD group (n = 10), the poststroke (PS) group (n = 7), and the sham group (n = 7). Primary hippocampal microglia were isolated and cultured, and recombined LCN2 protein was used to stimulate the cultured microglia. The protein expression of Iba1, P38 MAPK and PP38 MAPK was analyzed by western blotting; the LCN2 expression was measured by RT-qPCR, the serum LCN2 level and the NO level were analyzed by ELISA. Results: Open field test scores (horizontal score, vertical score, and self-grooming score) and the serum LCN2 level were significantly decreased in the PSD group compared with the other two groups (P < 0.05). The serum LCN2 level was positively correlated with the horizontal score and negatively correlated with the self-grooming score in the open field test (P < 0.05). The relative protein level of Iba1 and the LCN2 mRNA level were significantly increased in the hippocampal region compared with other brain regions (P < 0.05), while the relative protein level of Iba1 and the LCN2 mRNA level were significantly increased in the PSD group compared with the other two groups (P < 0.05). The length, supernatant NO level, phagocytic ability and migration ability of LCN2-treated microglia were significantly increased compared with those of untreated microglia (P < 0.05). The relative protein levels of P38 MAPK and the PP38 MAPK significantly increased in hippocampal region in the PSD group and LCN2-treated hippocampal microglia (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Hippocampal microglia are activated during PSD; LCN2 may regulate hippocampal microglial activation by the P38 MAPK pathway in the process of PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yupeng Du
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yirui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunqing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Dekens DW, Eisel ULM, Gouweleeuw L, Schoemaker RG, De Deyn PP, Naudé PJW. Lipocalin 2 as a link between ageing, risk factor conditions and age-related brain diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101414. [PMID: 34325073 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic (neuro)inflammation plays an important role in many age-related central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and vascular dementia. Inflammation also characterizes many conditions that form a risk factor for these CNS disorders, such as physical inactivity, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is an inflammatory protein shown to be involved in different age-related CNS diseases, as well as risk factor conditions thereof. Lcn2 expression is increased in the periphery and the brain in different age-related CNS diseases and also their risk factor conditions. Experimental studies indicate that Lcn2 contributes to various neuropathophysiological processes of age-related CNS diseases, including exacerbated neuroinflammation, cell death and iron dysregulation, which may negatively impact cognitive function. We hypothesize that increased Lcn2 levels as a result of age-related risk factor conditions may sensitize the brain and increase the risk to develop age-related CNS diseases. In this review we first provide a comprehensive overview of the known functions of Lcn2, and its effects in the CNS. Subsequently, this review explores Lcn2 as a potential (neuro)inflammatory link between different risk factor conditions and the development of age-related CNS disorders. Altogether, evidence convincingly indicates Lcn2 as a key constituent in ageing and age-related brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doortje W Dekens
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L M Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie Gouweleeuw
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Regien G Schoemaker
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Petrus J W Naudé
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute, Brain Behaviour Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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18
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Wang M, Xia F, Wan S, Hua Y, Keep RF, Xi G. Role of Complement Component 3 in Early Erythrolysis in the Hematoma After Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Stroke 2021; 52:2649-2660. [PMID: 34176310 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.034372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.W., F.X., S.W., Y.H., R.F.K., G.X.).,Brain Center, Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China (M.W., S.W.)
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.W., F.X., S.W., Y.H., R.F.K., G.X.)
| | - Shu Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.W., F.X., S.W., Y.H., R.F.K., G.X.).,Brain Center, Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China (M.W., S.W.)
| | - Ya Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.W., F.X., S.W., Y.H., R.F.K., G.X.)
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.W., F.X., S.W., Y.H., R.F.K., G.X.)
| | - Guohua Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.W., F.X., S.W., Y.H., R.F.K., G.X.)
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Yoneshige A, Hagiyama M, Takashima Y, Ueno S, Inoue T, Kimura R, Koriyama Y, Ito A. Elevated Hydrostatic Pressure Causes Retinal Degeneration Through Upregulating Lipocalin-2. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664327. [PMID: 34136483 PMCID: PMC8201777 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.664327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevation of intraocular pressure is a major risk factor for glaucoma development, which causes the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is upregulated in glaucomatous retinae; however, whether Lcn2 is directly involved in glaucoma is debated. In this study, retinal explant cultures were subjected to increased water pressure using a two-chamber culture device, and Lcn2 protein levels were examined by immunoblotting. In situ TdT-mediated dUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemical assays were performed to assess apoptosis and gliosis, respectively. The neurotoxicity of Lcn2 in the retinal explant culture was determined with exogenous administration of recombinant Lcn2. The Lcn2 protein levels, percentage of TUNEL-positive cells, and GFAP-positive area were significantly higher in retinae cultured under 50 cm H2O pressure loads compared to those cultured under 20 cm H2O. We found that Lcn2 exhibited neurotoxicity in retinae at dose of 1 μg/ml. The negative effects of increased hydrostatic pressure were attenuated by the iron chelator deferoxamine. This is the first report demonstrating the direct upregulation of Lcn2 by elevating hydrostatic pressure. Modulating Lcn2 and iron levels may be a promising therapeutic approach for retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Yoneshige
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Man Hagiyama
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Takashima
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Ueno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Kimura
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Koriyama
- Graduate School and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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