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Oesch F, Fruth D, Hengstler JG, Fabian E, Berger FI, Landsiedel R. Enigmatic mechanism of the N-vinylpyrrolidone hepatocarcinogenicity in the rat. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3717-3744. [PMID: 34595563 PMCID: PMC8536644 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) is produced up to several thousand tons per year as starting material for the production of polymers to be used in pharmaceutics, cosmetics and food technology. Upon inhalation NVP was carcinogenic in the rat, liver tumor formation is starting already at the rather low concentration of 5 ppm. Hence, differentiation whether NVP is a genotoxic carcinogen (presumed to generally have no dose threshold for the carcinogenic activity) or a non-genotoxic carcinogen (with a potentially definable threshold) is highly important. In the present study, therefore, the existing genotoxicity investigations on NVP (all showing consistently negative results) were extended and complemented with investigations on possible alternative mechanisms, which also all proved negative. All tests were performed in the same species (rat) using the same route of exposure (inhalation) and the same doses of NVP (5, 10 and 20 ppm) as had been used in the positive carcinogenicity test. Specifically, the tests included an ex vivo Comet assay (so far not available) and an ex vivo micronucleus test (in contrast to the already available micronucleus test in mice here in the same species and by the same route of application as in the bioassay which had shown the carcinogenicity), tests on oxidative stress (non-protein-bound sulfhydryls and glutathione recycling test), mechanisms mediated by hepatic receptors, the activation of which had been shown earlier to lead to carcinogenicity in some instances (Ah receptor, CAR, PXR, PPARα). No indications were obtained for any of the investigated mechanisms to be responsible for or to contribute to the observed carcinogenicity of NVP. The most important of these exclusions is genotoxicity. Thus, NVP can rightfully be regarded and treated as a non-genotoxic carcinogen and threshold approaches to the assessment of this chemical are supported. However, the mechanism underlying the carcinogenicity of NVP in rats remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Oesch
- Oesch-Tox Toxicological Consulting and Expert Opinions GmbH&CoKG, Rheinblick 21, 55263, Ingelheim, Germany.,Institute of Toxicology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniela Fruth
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.,Knoell Germany GmbH, Eastsite XII, Konrad-Zuse-Ring 25, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Eric Fabian
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Franz Ingo Berger
- Regulatory Toxicology Chemicals, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Robert Landsiedel
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
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2
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Li S, Wang X, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Wan Y, Li X, Li Q, Tang X, Cai D, Ran B, Wu C. Curcumin ameliorates mercuric chloride-induced liver injury via modulating cytochrome P450 signaling and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111426. [PMID: 33096358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental mercury is a concern for coastal ecosystem health, and exerts adverse effects on human health. Despite the growing body of evidence showing the hepatoprotective roles of curcumin on mercury, the knowledge between the macroscopic descriptions and the actual mechanism(s) underlying these processes is getting larger remains elusive. Herein, mice received single injection of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) (5 mg/kg body weight) and/or curcumin (50 mg/kg, body weight, p.o.). Firstly, the results showed curcumin could decline HgCl2-induced up-regulated the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Additionally, we also found that curcumin could suppress inflammatory damage, unbalance of trace elements (including sodium, magnesium, kalium, calcium overload), oxidative burst induced by HgCl2, which could be associated with cytochrome P450 (CYP450) signaling. Secondly, we found that curcumin could prevent HgCl2-induced cell death both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, curcumin significantly increased the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and consequently upregulated the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) under HgCl2 treatment. Meanwhile, inhibition of HO-1 by zinc protoporphyria could abolish the cytoprotective effects of curcumin in HgCl2-treated L02 hepatocytes. In conclusion, our data identify that curcumin could enhance Nrf2-mediated HO-1 to upregulate antioxidant ability, which might be associate with CYP450 signaling to suppress liver damage induced by HgCl2. The present study further enriches and perfects the mechanism theory of HgCl2 toxicity and suggest that the CYP450 signaling and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway is important in shedding light on curcumin's hepatoprotective effects in HgCl2 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Xiali Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Yewei Xiao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Ying Wan
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Xinlian Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Qiuyue Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Tang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Daihong Cai
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Bing Ran
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, PR China.
| | - Chunling Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, PR China.
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Rached A, Moriceau MA, Serfaty X, Lefebvre S, Lattard V. Biomarkers Potency to Monitor Non-target Fauna Poisoning by Anticoagulant Rodenticides. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:616276. [PMID: 33426034 PMCID: PMC7785832 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.616276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of pesticides to control agricultural pests is a hot topic on the public scene of environmental health. Selective pest control for minimum environmental impact is a major goal of the environmental toxicology field, notably to avoid unintended poisoning in different organisms. Anticoagulant rodenticides cause abnormal blood coagulation process; they have been widely used to control rodents, allowing inadvertent primary and secondary exposure in domestic animals and non-target predatory wildlife species through direct ingestion of rodenticide-containing bait or by consumption of poisoned prey. To report toxic effect, the most common approach is the measurement of liver or plasma residues of anticoagulant rodenticides in dead or intoxicated animals showing clinical symptoms. However, one major challenge is that literature currently lacks a hepatic or plasma concentration threshold value for the differentiation of exposure from toxicity. Regarding the variation in pharmacology properties of anticoagulant rodenticides inter- and intra-species, the dose-response relationship must be defined for each species to prejudge the relative risk of poisoning. Beyond that, biomarkers are a key solution widely used for ecological risk assessment of contaminants. Since anticoagulant rodenticides (AR) have toxic effects at the biochemical level, biomarkers can serve as indicators of toxic exposure. In this sense, toxicological knowledge of anticoagulant rodenticides within organisms is an important tool for defining sensitive, specific, and suitable biomarkers. In this review, we provide an overview of the toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic parameters of anticoagulant rodenticides in different animal species. We examine different types of biomarkers used to characterize and differentiate the exposure and toxic effects of anticoagulant rodenticide, showing the strengths and weaknesses of the assays. Finally, we describe possible new biomarkers and highlight their capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Virginie Lattard
- USC 1233 RS2GP, VetAgro Sup, INRA, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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Bioaccumulation of heavy metals and their toxicity assessment in Mystus species. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 28:1459-1464. [PMID: 33613073 PMCID: PMC7878687 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted on two native fish species namely Mystus vittatus and Mystus tengara inhabiting challenging environment of Yamuna River. The heavy metals concentrations in the river water were found to be as follows: Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Cd, all above the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The high metal pollution index in gill, liver, and kidney of M. vittatus was recorded compared to M. tengara. The pathology caused by the accumulation of heavy metals resulted significantly (p < 0.05) higher enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatinine kinase (CK) in M. tengara as compared to M. vittatus. However, albumin: globulin ratio was found to be below 0.8 in both fishes. Higher total leukocyte (TLC) (48.5 × 103/mm3), lymphocytes (40%), respiratory burst activity (1.9), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity (13.11 U/L) in M. vittatus reflect high immune response. In addition, chromosomal breakage study showed significantly (p < 0.05) low micronuclei frequency, lobed nuclei, and kidney-shaped nuclei (KSN) in M. vittatus. These results indicate that under the same challenging conditions M. vittatus have more capability of resistance and its continuous survival points towards its suitability to serve as a bioindicator than M. tengara.
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Kumari M, Ghosh P, Swati, Thakur IS. Development of artificial consortia of microalgae and bacteria for efficient biodegradation and detoxification of lindane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zhao X, Zhang X, Li M, Sun S, Yao L, Cao D, Huang X, Guo H, Liu X, Yu F. Repeated exposure to the irrigative wastewater in Shijiazhuang induced precancerous lesion associated with cytochrome P450. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124467. [PMID: 31549677 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the carcinogenic effects of the wastewater sample collected from the Dongming Canal in Shijiazhuang city were first detected by the rat medium-term liver bioassay. The experiment contained five groups: a negative control group, a DEN-alone group, 25% wastewater, 50% wastewater, and 100% wastewater. The body weight of rats decreased significantly as the dose increased. Morphologically, we also found that the damage of the hepatic lobule was more serious and the proliferation of liver cells was more obvious as the dose increased. In addition, we observed a significantly increased liver organ coefficient in rat. With the increase in dose, the damage of the hepatocytes was more serious, which was manifested in significantly elevated of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gammaglutamyl transfer peptide enzyme (γ-GT). And, the irrigative wastewater significantly increased GST-p in the liver of rats at both the transcriptional and translational levels dose-dependently, eventually causing precancerous lesions in the liver tissues. CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expressions in the rat liver cells at the level of transcription and translation were also significantly increased dose-dependently. Our data clearly demonstrated that the irrigative wastewater had a carcinogenetic effect that was associated with CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. The risk of carcinogenic potential to human health might be due to joint action and accumulative effects over a long period of exposure. We can also concluded that the medium-term liver bioassay could be used as an effective method for evaluating the carcinogenicity of complex water mixtures such as irrigative wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujun Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Hygienic Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Hygienic Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Suju Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Liya Yao
- Foreign Language Teaching Department of Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Dandan Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Hygienic Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xinli Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Huicai Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xuehui Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Zhongshan East Road 361, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, PR China.
| | - Fengxue Yu
- Department of Science and Technology, The Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Heping West Road 215, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei, PR China.
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7
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Park M, Lee Y, Khan A, Aleta P, Cho Y, Park H, Park YH, Kim S. Metabolite tracking to elucidate the effects of environmental pollutants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 376:112-124. [PMID: 31128390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether behavioral tests and metabolic profiling of organisms can be promising alternatives for assessing the health of aquatic systems. Water samples from four potential pollution sources in South Korea were collected for toxicity evaluation. First, conventional acute toxicity test in Daphnia magna and behavioral test in zebrafish was conducted to assess water quality. Second, metabolomic analysis was performed on zebrafish exposed to water samples and on environmental fish collected from the same source. Acute toxicity test in D. magna showed that none of the water samples exerted significant adverse effects. However, activity of zebrafish larvae exposed to samples from the zinc smelter (ZS) and industrial complex (IND) sites decreased compared to those exposed to samples from the reference site (RS). Metabolomic analysis using the Manhattan plot and Partial Least Square (PLS)/Orthogonal PLS Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) showed differences in metabolic profiles between RS and ZS, and between IND and abandoned mine site (M). Interestingly, applying the same metabolomic analysis to environmental fish revealed patterns similar to those for zebrafish, despite the uncontrollable variables involved in environmental sampling. This study shows that metabolomics is a promising tool in assessing the health of aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseung Park
- Bio Monitoring Laboratory, Program in Environmental Technology and Policy, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, Chungnam 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseung Lee
- Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, Chungnam 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Adnan Khan
- Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, Chungnam 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Prince Aleta
- Bio Monitoring Laboratory, Program in Environmental Technology and Policy, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, Chungnam 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunchul Cho
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 300-716, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Youngja Hwang Park
- Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, Chungnam 30019, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungpyo Kim
- Bio Monitoring Laboratory, Program in Environmental Technology and Policy, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, Chungnam 30019, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Varjani S, Kumar G, Rene ER. Developments in biochar application for pesticide remediation: Current knowledge and future research directions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 232:505-513. [PMID: 30502618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of pesticides due to modern agricultural practices has received special attention from the scientific community to address the persistence, recalcitrance and multi-faceted toxicity of several pesticides. Pesticides are hazardous/toxic and can accumulate easily into non-target organisms including humans and other life forms. Several studies have been performed to investigate the effect of biochar addition for pesticide remediation. This review provides a comprehensive information on biochar amendment for the remediation of persistent organic pollutants such as pesticides. The types of pesticides and their hazards to life forms are briefly introduced before detailing biochar production, its characteristics and applications. Biochar addition in pesticide polluted environment offers the following advantages: (a) increases the soil water holding capacity, (b) improves aeration conditions in soil, and (c) provides habitat for the growth of microorganisms, thereby facilitating microbial community for metabolic activities and pesticide degradation. This paper also provides an up-to-date review on remediation of pesticides using biochar, the knowledge gaps and the future research directions in this field to evaluate the effect of biochar addition on agricultural and environmental performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Sector-10A, Gandhinagar 382010, Gujarat, India.
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Box 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE - Delft, Institute of Water Education 2601 DA, Delft, the Netherlands
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9
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Du ZH, Qin L, Lin J, Sun YC, Xia J, Zhang C, Li XN, Li JL. Activating nuclear xenobiotic receptors and triggering ER stress and hepatic cytochromes P450 systems in quails (Coturnix C. coturnix) during atrazine exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1813-1822. [PMID: 28186385 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR) is one of the most widely detected contaminant in the ecosystem. Nuclear xenobiotic receptors are activated by herbicides and induce the transcription of CYP450 isoforms involved in xenobiotic metabolism and transport. However, little is known about hepatic nuclear xenobiotic receptors in birds are responsible for ATR-induced hepatotoxicity via regulating the cytochrome P450 enzyme systems (CYP450s). The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of ATR hepatotoxicity in quails. For this purpose, male quails were dosed by oral gavage from sexual immaturity to maturity with 0, 50, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day ATR for 45 days. The results showed that ATR exposure caused the hepatotoxicity damage and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) degeneration. It suggested that ER is a target organelle of ATR toxicity in hepatocytes. ATR exposure disrupted the hepatic CYP450s homeostasis. This study also demonstrated that ATR triggered the CYP450 isoforms transcription via activating the hepatic CAR/PXR pathway. The present study provides new insights regarding the mechanism of the ATR-induced hepatotoxicity through activating nuclear xenobiotic receptors and triggering ER stress and hepatic CYP450s in quails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hai Du
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Qin
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory animal centre, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Chun Sun
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xia
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
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Zhang J, Sun QL, Luan ZD, Lian C, Sun L. Comparative transcriptome analysis of Rimicaris sp. reveals novel molecular features associated with survival in deep-sea hydrothermal vent. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2000. [PMID: 28515421 PMCID: PMC5435735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Shrimp of the family Alvinocarididae are the predominant megafauna of deep-sea hydrothermal vents. However, genome information on this family is currently unavailable. In the present study, by employing Illumina sequencing, we performed the first de novo transcriptome analysis of the gills of the shrimp Rimicaris sp. from the hydrothermal vent in Desmos, Manus Basin. The analysis was conducted in a comparative manner with the shrimp taken directly from the vent (GR samples) and the shrimp that had been maintained for ten days under normal laboratory condition (mGR samples). Among the 128,938 unigenes identified, a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the GR and mGR samples were detected, including 2365 and 1607 genes significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in GR. The DEGs covered diverse functional categories. Most of the DEGs associated with immunity were downregulated in GR, while most of the DEGs associated with sulfur metabolism and detoxification were upregulated in GR. These results provide the first comprehensive transcriptomic resource for hydrothermal vent Rimicaris and revealed varied categories of genes likely involved in deep-sea survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Deep Sea Research Center, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qing-Lei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Luan
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Deep Sea Research Center, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chao Lian
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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Effect of Naringenin, Quercetin, and Sesamin on Xenobiotica-Metabolizing CYP1A and CYP3A in Mice Offspring after Maternal Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8472312. [PMID: 28567424 PMCID: PMC5439065 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8472312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro effects of dietary phytochemicals naringenin, quercetin, and sesamin on the activities of ethoxy- (EROD; CYP1A) and benzyloxy- (BROD; CYP3A) resorufin O-dealkylases after the exposure to the cocktail of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). CD-1 mice were exposed from weaning, through gestation and lactation to a defined mixture of POPs. Hepatic microsomes were prepared from their female offspring at postnatal day 42. Hepatic EROD and BROD activity were evaluated in the presence of quercetin, naringenin, and sesamin at nine concentrations from 5 to 100000 nM. EROD activity was strongly inhibited by quercetin with Ki values from 1.7 to 2.6 μM. BROD activity was inhibited by quercetin with Ki values from 64.9 to 75.3 μM and naringenin with Ki values from 39.3 to 45.8 μM. The IC50 and Ki values did not differ between the groups of mice with different levels of POPs exposure in any of the experimental sets. Sesamin did not inhibit either EROD or BROD. We concluded that the interactions of quercetin and naringenin with CYP1A and CYP3A in mice liver were not affected by the levels of POPs exposure.
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Zaidi SK, Ansari SA, Tabrez S, Hoda MN, Ashraf GM, Khan MS, Alnohair S, Banu N, Al-Qahtani MH. Garlic extract attenuates immobilization stress-induced alterations in plasma antioxidant/oxidant parameters and hepatic function in rats. Chin J Integr Med 2017:10.1007/s11655-016-2644-5. [PMID: 28197933 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the oxidative stress induced by 6 h of immobilization stress in Albino Wistar rats. Further, the pre- and post-treatment of aqueous garlic extract was studied to evaluate its preventive and curative efficacy on stress-induced altered oxidative parameters in rats. METHODS Albino Wistar rats were exposed to 6 h of immobilization stress, and received garlic extract (100 mg/kg body weight) treatment pre- or post-stress exposure. The oxidative status of plasma after various treatments were evaluated by determining the levels of reduced glutathione, glucose, uric acid, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase by standardized procedures. RESULTS Immobilization of rats generated oxidative stress in rat plasma, by decreasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione levels and glucose, while increasing the lipid peroxidation, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, ALP and uric acid compared to the non-stressed controls (P<0.01). The garlic extract administration both pre- and post-stress exposure significantly prevented the rise in the diagnostic liver enzymes and reverted the decrease of antioxidant enzymatic activities compared to the stressed group (P<0.05 or P <0.01). Post-stress treatment of extract was found more effective than pre-stress treatment in reverting the values back to normal (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Garlic extract seems promising as a nutritional supplement for scavenging free radicals generated in the plasma and to prevent resulting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Kashif Zaidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shakeel Ahmed Ansari
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Nasrul Hoda
- Departments of Medical Laboratory, Imaging and Radiologic Sciences and Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alnohair
- Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51431, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Naheed Banu
- College of Medical Rehabilitation, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Hussain Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Li MH. Development of in vivo biotransformation enzyme assays for ecotoxicity screening: In vivo measurement of phases I and II enzyme activities in freshwater planarians. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 130:19-28. [PMID: 27062342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of a high-throughput tool is required for screening of environmental pollutants and assessing their impacts on aquatic animals. Freshwater planarians can be used in rapid and sensitive toxicity bioassays. Planarians are known for their remarkable regeneration ability but much less known for their metabolic and xenobiotic biotransformation abilities. In this study, the activities of different phase I and II enzymes were determined in vivo by directly measuring fluorescent enzyme substrate disappearance or fluorescent enzyme metabolite production in planarian culture media. For phase I enzyme activity, O-deethylation activities with alkoxyresorufin could not be detected in planarian culture media. By contrast, O-deethylation activities with alkoxycoumarin were detected in planarian culture media. Increases in 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD) activities was only observed in planarians exposed to 1μM, but not 10μM, β-naphthoflavone for 24h. ECOD activity was inhibited in planarians exposed to 10 and 100μM rifampicin or carbamazepine for 24h. For phase II enzyme activity, DT-diaphorase, arylsulfatases, uridine 5'-diphospho (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase or catechol-O-methyltransferase activity was determined in culture media containing planarians. The results of this study indicate that freshwater planarians are a promising model organism to monitor exposure to environmental pollutants or assess their impacts through the in vivo measurement of phase I and II enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hui Li
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Xing H, Zhang Z, Yao H, Liu T, Wang L, Xu S, Li S. Effects of atrazine and chlorpyrifos on cytochrome P450 in common carp liver. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 104:244-250. [PMID: 24530164 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR) and chlorpyrifos (CPF), widely used in agriculture, have resulted in a series of toxicological and environmental problems. We investigated the activities of the biotransformation enzymes ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and pentoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (PROD), total cytochrome P450 (CYP), CYP1A mRNA level and level of tissue ATR, CPF, and their metabolites in the liver of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after a 40-d exposure to CPF and ATR, alone or in combination, and a 20-d recovery. In the present study, juvenile common carp was exposed to ATR (at concentrations of 4.28, 42.8 and 428 μg L(-1)), CPF (1.16, 11.6 and 116 μg L(-1)), and ATR/CPF mixture (at concentrations of 1.13, 11.3 and 113 μg L(-1)). A general increasing trend for the activity of the biotransformation enzymes (EROD and PROD), CYP and CYP1A mRNA level was observed in the liver of common carp exposed to ATR, CPF and the ATR/CPF mixture. In addition, ATR, CPF, and their metabolites demonstrated a high accumulation in the liver. These results demonstrated that the CYP system in fish could be used as a biomarkers in evaluating the impact of ATR and CPF exposure on the common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houjuan Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China; Animal Health Supervision Institute of Heilongjiang Province, 243 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150069, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Haidong Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Zaidi SK, Hoda MN, Tabrez S, Ansari SA, Jafri MA, Shahnawaz Khan M, Hasan S, Alqahtani MH, Mohammed Abuzenadah A, Banu N. Protective Effect of Solanum nigrum Leaves Extract on Immobilization Stress Induced Changes in Rat's Brain. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:912450. [PMID: 24665335 PMCID: PMC3934381 DOI: 10.1155/2014/912450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The prophylactic or curative antioxidant efficacy of crude extract and the active constituent of S. nigrum leaves were evaluated in modulating inherent antioxidant system altered due to immobilization stress in rat brain tissues, in terms of measurement of glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS), and free radical scavenging enzymes activities. Rats were treated with single dose of crude extract of S. nigrum prior to and after 6 h of immobilization stress exposure. Exposure to immobilization stress resulted in a decrease in the brain levels of glutathione, SOD, GST, and catalase, with an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels. Treatment of S. nigrum extract and its active constituents to both pre- and poststressed rats resulted in significant modulation in the above mentioned parameters towards their control values with a relative dominance by the latter. Brain is vulnerable to stress induced prooxidant insult due to high levels of fat content. Thus, as a safe herbal medication the S. nigrum leaves extract or its isolated constituents can be used as nutritional supplement for scavenging free radicals generated in the brain due to physical or psychological stress or any neuronal diseases per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Kashif Zaidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Nasrul Hoda
- Department of Neurology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakeel Ahmed Ansari
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alam Jafri
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shirin Hasan
- Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Mohammed H. Alqahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Mohammed Abuzenadah
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naheed Banu
- College of Medical Rehabilitation, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Xing H, Wang H, Sun G, Wu H, Zhang J, Xing M, Xu S. Antioxidant response, CYP450 system, and histopathological changes in the liver of nitrobenzene-treated drakes. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:1088-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tabrez S, Ahmad M. Cytochrome P450 system as potential biomarkers of certain toxicants: comparison between plant and animal models. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:2977-2987. [PMID: 22773083 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2765-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In present study, we measured the activities of some selected cytochrome P450 isozymes like ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD), pentoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (PROD), and N-nitrosodimethylamine demethylase (NDMA-d) treating experimental rats with different environmental toxicants, namely trichloroethylene (TCE), heavy metal mixture, and ethyl alcohol individually or in combination and by exposing the Allium cepa bulbs to increasing concentration of TCE for 48 h. In animal system, NDMA-d activity displayed a remarkable amplification by 4.2-fold in the liver of alcohol ingested rats compared with control animals. TCE intake also resulted in a marked increase of around 3.8-fold and 1.2-fold in rats' NDMA-d activity in the liver and kidney, respectively. In onion bulbs, an amazing rise in the activity of test enzymes was recorded in a dose-dependent manner. Among the said enzymes, PROD showed maximum increase up to the extent of 22-fold in comparison with control at 20 ppm of TCE exposure, whereas NDMA-d and EROD showed 11- and 9-fold increase in enzymatic activity, respectively, compared with the control. Based on this study, we conclude and advocate that all the selected isozymes of CYP450 system, viz. PROD, NDMA-d, and EROD can act as potent biomarkers in plant system for assessing the TCE pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Wasi S, Tabrez S, Ahmad M. Toxicological effects of major environmental pollutants: an overview. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:2585-93. [PMID: 22763655 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The last quarter of the twentieth century had witnessed a global surge in awakening against the unabated menace of environmental pollution. Among the various types of environmental pollution, water pollution is an age-old problem but it has gained an alarming dimension lately because of the problems of population increase, sewage disposal, industrial waste, radioactive waste, etc. Present scenario of water pollution calls for immediate attention towards the remediation and detoxification of these hazardous agents in order to have a healthy living environment. The present communication will deal with the toxicological effects of major environmental pollutants, viz. heavy metals, pesticides, and phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Wasi
- College of Medicine, University of Dammam, P.O. Box 2114, Dammam, 31451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Szaefer H, Krajka-Kuźniak V, Bartoszek A, Baer-Dubowska W. Modulation of Carcinogen Metabolizing Cytochromes P450 in Rat Liver and Kidney by Cabbage and Sauerkraut Juices: Comparison with the Effects of Indole-3-carbinol and Phenethyl Isothiocyanate. Phytother Res 2011; 26:1148-55. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Szaefer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; University of Medical Sciences; Poznań; Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Bartoszek
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology; Gdańsk University of Technology; Gdańsk; Poland
| | - Wanda Baer-Dubowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; University of Medical Sciences; Poznań; Poland
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Tabrez S, Shakil S, Urooj M, Damanhouri GA, Abuzenadah AM, Ahmad M. Genotoxicity testing and biomarker studies on surface waters: an overview of the techniques and their efficacies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2011; 29:250-275. [PMID: 21929382 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2011.601849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization, use of modern agriculture practices, and fast urbanization vis-a-vis indiscriminate use of xenobiotics have led to the serious problems of water pollution in India and abroad. The complexicity of the pollutants in environmental samples demands a multitude of genotoxicity testing with increasing simplicity, sensitivity, and affordability. Moreover, various pollutants mutually affect their own toxic behavior, which complicates the problem of risk assessment. An overview, highlighting the genotoxicity testing system, such as Ames plate incorporation test, Ames fluctuation test, E. coli survival assay, Allium cepa toxicity/genotoxicity test, comet assay, and plasmid nicking assay, is presented in this article, and a comparison has been made to estimate the efficacy of these genotoxicity bioassays performed on some surface waters. Some work on toxicity biomarkers vis-a-vis studies on surface waters has also been included in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Tabrez S, Ahmad M. Mutagenicity of industrial wastewaters collected from two different stations in northern India. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 31:783-9. [PMID: 21264884 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mutagenicity of wastewaters taken from two different cities was compared by means of Ames plate test and Ames fluctuation test. TA100 and TA98 strains of S. typhimurium exhibited the highest sensitivity against the Saharanpur sample (SWW) in terms of the slope (m) of the dose-response curve in the plate incorporation assay. However, the most sensitive strain against the test samples from Aligarh (AWW) was TA98. Interestingly, TA100 and TA98 strains also displayed the highest susceptibility towards the samples from Saharanpur in the fluctuation test. However, TA102 and TA100 responded maximally to AWW in this bioassay. Interestingly, S9 supplementation resulted in the decline in mutagenic potential of SWW contrary to significant increase with AWW by both the tests. Both samples were found to generate different types of ROS as predominant species. While SWW were shown to generate a high concentration of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals were predominantly occurring in AWW. From our result, we conclude that both the test water samples were highly genotoxic. In view of the complementary nature of these two testing systems, we recommend both bioassays for the genotoxicity assessment of complex water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Tabrez
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, AMU, Aligarh, 202002, India
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