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Singh M, Chadha P. Assessment of synthetic food dye erythrosine induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, biochemical and molecular alterations in Allium cepa root meristematic cells: insights from in silico study. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae126. [PMID: 39132191 PMCID: PMC11311706 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Synthetic food dyes are being exponentially used in food products and scarce studies regarding their toxicities and safety raise concern. Erythrosine is one of the synthetic food dyes being used in jams, fig, pineapple marmalades, dairy products, soft drinks, pickles, relishes, smoked fish, cheese, ketchup, maraschino cherries and a variety of other foods. Methodology In this study the cyto-genotoxic effect of erythrosine was evaluated, using root meristematic cells of Allium cepa for the cellular and molecular alternations at concentrations 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/mL. Results The results revealed a significant decrease of 57.81% in the mitotic index after 96 h at the 0.1 mg/mL concentration. In biochemical analysis, the malondialdehyde content increased significantly (5.47-fold), while proline content, catalase activity and superoxide dismutase activity decreased gradually in a concentration-dependent manner showing a maximum decrease of 78.11%, 64.68% and 61.73% respectively at the highest concentration after 96 h duration. The comet assay revealed increased DNA damage with increasing concentration and attenuated total reflectance- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis showed significant alterations in biomolecules as indicated by multivariate analysis, i.e. Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Furthermore, molecular docking demonstrated a strong binding energy (Gbest = -11.46 kcal/mol) and an inhibition constant (Ki) of 3.96 nM between erythrosine and the DNA minor groove. Conclusion The present study's findings revealed the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of erythrosine on A. cepa root cells. Further, the study also proposed the usefulness of A. cepa as a model system for studying the toxicity of food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Singh
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Pooja Chadha
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
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de Oliveira ZB, Silva da Costa DV, da Silva dos Santos AC, da Silva Júnior AQ, de Lima Silva A, de Santana RCF, Costa ICG, de Sousa Ramos SF, Padilla G, da Silva SKR. Synthetic Colors in Food: A Warning for Children's Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:682. [PMID: 38928929 PMCID: PMC11203549 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This study addressed the harmful effects of artificial colors in pediatric populations, including children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), as well as those without behavioral disorders. There is a consensus that synthetic food colorings have several impacts on consumers, especially pediatrics, due to their influence on sensory appeal, which can encourage preference for certain foods. The results revealed that these color additives are directly linked to a series of health problems, with a greater impact on children, including a predisposition to pathological conditions such as carcinogenic, allergenic, mutagenic, cytotoxic, and clastogenic activities, as well as gastrointestinal and respiratory problems, in addition to behavioral changes in children with and without diagnosed disorders. The harms of synthetic dyes in children with or without comorbidities are worrying and require a careful and proactive approach from parents, caregivers and public authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zandleme Birino de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil; (D.V.S.d.C.); (A.C.d.S.d.S.); (A.d.L.S.); (R.C.F.d.S.); (I.C.G.C.); (S.F.d.S.R.)
| | - Darlene Vitória Silva da Costa
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil; (D.V.S.d.C.); (A.C.d.S.d.S.); (A.d.L.S.); (R.C.F.d.S.); (I.C.G.C.); (S.F.d.S.R.)
| | - Ana Caroline da Silva dos Santos
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil; (D.V.S.d.C.); (A.C.d.S.d.S.); (A.d.L.S.); (R.C.F.d.S.); (I.C.G.C.); (S.F.d.S.R.)
| | - Antônio Quaresma da Silva Júnior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil;
| | - Amanda de Lima Silva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil; (D.V.S.d.C.); (A.C.d.S.d.S.); (A.d.L.S.); (R.C.F.d.S.); (I.C.G.C.); (S.F.d.S.R.)
| | - Raphael Carlos Ferrer de Santana
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil; (D.V.S.d.C.); (A.C.d.S.d.S.); (A.d.L.S.); (R.C.F.d.S.); (I.C.G.C.); (S.F.d.S.R.)
| | - Isabella Cristhina Gonçalves Costa
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil; (D.V.S.d.C.); (A.C.d.S.d.S.); (A.d.L.S.); (R.C.F.d.S.); (I.C.G.C.); (S.F.d.S.R.)
| | - Sara Freitas de Sousa Ramos
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil; (D.V.S.d.C.); (A.C.d.S.d.S.); (A.d.L.S.); (R.C.F.d.S.); (I.C.G.C.); (S.F.d.S.R.)
| | - Gabriel Padilla
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Silvia Katrine Rabelo da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Microbiologia, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil; (D.V.S.d.C.); (A.C.d.S.d.S.); (A.d.L.S.); (R.C.F.d.S.); (I.C.G.C.); (S.F.d.S.R.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil
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Bhatt D, Vyas K, Singh S, John PJ, Soni IP. Sunset Yellow induced biochemical and histopathological alterations in rat brain sub-regions. Acta Histochem 2024; 126:152155. [PMID: 38489857 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2024.152155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Sunset Yellow, a synthetic orange azo food dye was examined in this study for its impact on the Wistar rat brain sub-regions. The dye was administered orally to weanling rats at the Acceptable Daily Intake level (4 mg/kg/bw) for 40 days, and brain sub-regions viz., frontal cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus were examined for biochemical and histopathological changes. The results showed a significant decrease in tissue protein levels, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity, as well as a significant increase in lipid peroxide levels in all brain sub-regions. Glutathione-S-transferase and Glutathione Reductase activities decreased, while Glutathione peroxidase activity increased. The biogenic amine levels and Acetylcholinesterase activity were also altered, with the frontal cortex and hippocampus being the most affected. Additionally, the dye caused histopathological damage in all brain sub-regions examined. This study indicates that the ADI level of Sunset Yellow may adversely affect brain tissue by causing oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Bhatt
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India.
| | - Krati Vyas
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - Shakuntala Singh
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - P J John
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - I P Soni
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
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Bourbour S, Darbandi A, Bostanghadiri N, Ghanavati R, Taheri B, Bahador A. Effects of Antimicrobial Photosensitizers of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) to Treat Periodontitis. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1209-1229. [PMID: 37475551 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230720104516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy or aPDT is an alternative therapeutic approach in which lasers and different photosensitizing agents are used to eradicate periodontopathic bacteria in periodontitis. Periodontitis is a localized infectious disease caused by periodontopathic bacteria and can destroy bones and tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. The aPDT system has been shown by in vitro studies to have high bactericidal efficacy. It was demonstrated that aPDT has low local toxicity, can speed up dental therapy, and is cost-effective. Several photosensitizers (PSs) are available for each type of light source which did not induce any damage to the patient and are safe. In recent years, significant advances have been made in aPDT as a non-invasive treatment method, especially in treating infections and cancers. Besides, aPDT can be perfectly combined with other treatments. Hence, this survey focused on the effectiveness and mechanism of aPDT of periodontitis by using lasers and the most frequently used antimicrobial PSs such as methylene blue (MB), toluidine blue ortho (TBO), indocyanine green (ICG), malachite green (MG) (Triarylmethanes), erythrosine dyes (ERY) (Xanthenes dyes), rose bengal (RB) (Xanthenes dyes), eosin-Y (Xanthenes dyes), radachlorin group and curcumin. The aPDT with these PSs can reduce pathogenic bacterial loads in periodontitis. Therefore, it is clear that there is a bright future for using aPDT to fight microorganisms causing periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Bourbour
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Darbandi
- Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narjess Bostanghadiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghanavati
- Department of Microbiology, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Behrouz Taheri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hochma E, Hovor I, Nakonechny F, Nisnevitch M. Photo- and Sono-Active Food Colorants Inactivating Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15126. [PMID: 37894807 PMCID: PMC10607222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Food colorants are commonly used as excipients in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields, but they have a wide range of other potential applications, for instance, as cytotoxic drugs or mediators of physical antimicrobial treatments. The photodynamic antibacterial activity of several edible food colorants is reported here, including E127, E129, E124, E122, E133, and E150a, alongside Rhein, a natural lipophilic antibacterial and anticancer compound found in medicinal plants. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for S. aureus and E. coli showed that E127 and Rhein were effective against both bacteria, while other colorants exhibited low activity against E. coli. In some cases, dark pre-incubation of the colorants with Gram-positive S. aureus increased their photodynamic activity. Adding Rhein to E127 increased the photodynamic activity of the latter in a supportive mode. Optional sensing mechanism pathways of combined E127/Rhein action were suggested. The antibacterial activity of the studied colorants can be ranged as follows: E127/Rhein >> E127 >> E150a > E122 > E124 >> E129 ≈ E133. E127 was also found to exhibit photodynamic properties. Short ultrasonic treatment before illumination caused intensification of E127 photodynamic activity against E. coli when applied alone and especially in combination with Rhein. Food colorants exhibiting photo- and sonodynamic properties may have good potential in food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marina Nisnevitch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (E.H.); (I.H.); (F.N.)
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Mohammed Mohammed HA, Souhaila M, Eddine LS, Hasan GG, Kir I, Mahboub MS. A novel biosynthesis of MgO/PEG nanocomposite for organic pollutant removal from aqueous solutions under sunlight irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:57076-57085. [PMID: 36928702 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26422-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The novel synthesis of MgO from Laurus nobilis L. leaves was prepared using the green synthesis method. It is using direct blending process to decorate MgO/PEG nanocomposite to enhance the photodegradation properties and examine its physical properties using diverse characterization techniques, including XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and UV-Vis. X-ray diffraction reveals a cubic phase of MgO with a 37-nm grain size. SEM images confirm spherical nanoparticles with a diameter size of 22.9 nm. The optical energy gap of MgO NPs was 4.4 eV, and the MgO/PEG nanocomposite was 4.1 eV, which made it an efficient catalyst under sunlight. The photocatalytic activity of Rose Bengal (RB) and Toluidine Blue (TB) dyes at 5 × 10-5 mol/l dye concentration indicates excellent degradation efficiencies of 98% and 95% in 120 min, respectively, under sunlight irradiation. MgO/PEG is an excellent candidate nanocomposite for applications of photodegradation and could be used for its potential capability to develop conventionally used techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Ali Mohammed Mohammed
- Department of Process Engineering and Petrochemical, Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, 39000, El Oued, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biotechnology Biomaterials and Condensed Matter, Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, 39000, El Oued, Algeria
| | - Meneceur Souhaila
- Department of Process Engineering and Petrochemical, Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, 39000, El Oued, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biotechnology Biomaterials and Condensed Matter, Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, 39000, El Oued, Algeria
| | - Laouini Salah Eddine
- Department of Process Engineering and Petrochemical, Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, 39000, El Oued, Algeria.
- Laboratory of Biotechnology Biomaterials and Condensed Matter, Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, 39000, El Oued, Algeria.
| | - Gamil Gamal Hasan
- Department of Process Engineering and Petrochemical, Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, 39000, El Oued, Algeria
| | - Iman Kir
- Department of Process Engineering and Petrochemical, Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, 39000, El Oued, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biotechnology Biomaterials and Condensed Matter, Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, 39000, El Oued, Algeria
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Insight into Green Extraction for Roselle as a Source of Natural Red Pigments: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031336. [PMID: 36771003 PMCID: PMC9919762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a source of anthocyanins as red pigments that is extensively farmed in tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia, Malaysia, China, Thailand, Egypt, Mexico, and West India. The roselle plant contains a variety of nutrients, including anthocyanins, organic acids, pectin, etc. Due to the toxicity and combustibility of the solvents, traditional extraction methods for these compounds are restricted. Obtaining pure extracts is typically a lengthy procedure requiring many processes. Supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) extraction as a green technology is rapidly improving and extending its application domains. The advantages of this method are zero waste production, quicker extraction times, and reduced solvent consumption. The ScCO2 extraction of natural pigments has great promise in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and textiles, among other uses. The ScCO2 technique for natural pigments may also be advantageous in a variety of other contexts. Due to their minimal environmental risk, the high-quality red pigments of roselle rich in anthocyanins extracted using ScCO2 extraction have a high sustainability potential. Therefore, the objective of this review is to increase knowledge related to the natural colorant of roselle as a substitute for chemically manufactured colorants using ScCO2 as a green method. This article covers ScCO2 extraction, particularly as it relates to the optimization of pigments that promote health. This article focuses on the high extraction efficiency of ScCO2 extraction. Natural colorants extracted via ScCO2 are regarded as safe compounds, especially for human consumption, such as novel functional food additives and textile and pharmaceutical colors.
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Dos Santos JR, de Sousa Soares L, Soares BM, de Gomes Farias M, de Oliveira VA, de Sousa NAB, Negreiros HA, da Silva FCC, Peron AP, Pacheco ACL, Marques MMM, Gonçalves JCR, Montenegro RC, Islam MT, Sharifi-Rad J, Mubarak MS, de Melo Cavalcante AAC, de Castro E Sousa JM. Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of the food additive tartrazine on eukaryotic cells. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:95. [PMID: 36564854 PMCID: PMC9789615 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the food additives used in the food industry, food dyes are considered the most toxic. For instance, tartrazine (TRZ) is a food colorant commercially available with conflicting data regarding its cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of TRZ using different eukaryotic cells (in vitro). METHODS This study employed 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), brine shrimp lethality, Allium cepa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae tests. Different concentrations of TRZ and different exposure times were used in this study. RESULTS The results demonstrate that TRZ induced a concentration-dependent toxic effect on the test systems. It also exerted cytotoxicity in fibroblasts and human gastric cells. In addition, TRZ showed mutagenic effects on the A. cepa test system. However, its toxicogenic effects may not relate to the oxidizing activity, which was confirmed by the S. cerevisiae test model. CONCLUSION Taken together, TRZ exerted toxicogenic effects on the test systems. Therefore, it may be harmful to health, especially its prolonged use may trigger carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa de Sousa Soares
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis of the Federal University of Piauí, Picos, Brazil
| | - Bruno Moreira Soares
- Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Marlene de Gomes Farias
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis of the Federal University of Piauí, Picos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Helber Alves Negreiros
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis of the Federal University of Piauí, Picos, Brazil
| | - Felipe Cavalcanti Carneiro da Silva
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis of the Federal University of Piauí, Picos, Brazil
- Cytogenetic and Mutagenesis Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Peron
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis of the Federal University of Piauí, Picos, Brazil
- Cytogenetic and Mutagenesis Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Improvement of the Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | | | | | | | - João Marcelo de Castro E Sousa
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis of the Federal University of Piauí, Picos, Brazil
- Cytogenetic and Mutagenesis Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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Thakur M, Modi VK. Biocolorants in food: Sources, extraction, applications and future prospects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4674-4713. [PMID: 36503345 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2144997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Color of a food is one of the major factors influencing its acceptance by consumers. At presently synthetic dyes are the most commonly used food colorant in food industry by providing more esthetically appearance and as a means to quality control. However, the growing concern about health and environmental due to associated toxicity with synthetic food colorants has accelerated the global efforts to replace them with safer and healthy food colorants obtained from natural resources (plants, microorganisms, and animals). Further, many of these biocolorants not only provide myriad of colors to the food but also exert biological properties, thus they can be used as nutraceuticals in foods and beverages. In order to understand the importance of nature-derived pigments as food colorants, this review provides a thorough discussion on the natural origin of food colorants. Following this, different extraction methods for isolating biocolorants from plants and microbes were also discussed. Many of these biocolorants not only provide color, but also have many health promoting properties, for this reason their physicochemical and biological properties were also reviewed. Finally, current trends on the use of biocolorants in foods, and the challenges faced by the biocolorants in their effective utilization by food industry and possible solutions to these challenges were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Thakur
- Amity Institute of Food Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V K Modi
- Amity Institute of Food Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Marine algae colorants: Antioxidant, anti-diabetic properties and applications in food industry. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Elfadil D, Della Pelle F, Compagnone D, Amine A. Green Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Dispersive Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction of Erythrosine B Associated with Smartphone Detection in Food Samples. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7653. [PMID: 36363243 PMCID: PMC9655850 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring synthetic colorants in foods is important due to their potential toxicity and pathogenicity. We propose here a new and simple method for the extraction and determination of erythrosine B (ERT-B) in food samples. A composite of polydopamine-based molecularly imprinted polymers coating magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PDA@MIP) was synthesized using a green approach and exploited for the magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction (MDSPE) of ERT-B. Fe3O4@PDA@MIP provides a rapid extraction of ERT-B, exhibiting good reusability and preconcentration ability. Moreover, the MIP showed a relatively good imprinting factor (3.0 ± 0.05), demonstrating excellent selectivity against patent blue (an interfering dye) and other food matrix components. The proposed MDSPE was coupled to colorimetric smartphone-based detection that allowed us to obtain similar performances of UV-Vis spectroscopy detection. The smartphone-based optical detection facilitated the determination of ERT-B in the 0.5-10 mg/L range, with a limit of detection of 0.04 mg/L. The developed method was successfully employed to determine ERT-B in food samples (juice, candy, and candied cherries) with good recovery values (82-97%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dounia Elfadil
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia 20650, Morocco
| | - Flavio Della Pelle
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Dario Compagnone
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Aziz Amine
- Laboratory of Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia 20650, Morocco
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Khan Z, AL‐Thabaiti SA, Singh B, Rafiquee MZA. Effects of cationic and anionic micelles on the redox reaction of Erythrosine B by H
2
O
2
in presence of Cu‐Fe nanoparticles. INT J CHEM KINET 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zaheer Khan
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Bhawana Singh
- Department of Applied Chemistry Z.H. College of Engineering and Technology Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
| | - M. Z. A. Rafiquee
- Department of Applied Chemistry Z.H. College of Engineering and Technology Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India
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Ribeiro M, Gomes IB, Saavedra MJ, Simões M. Photodynamic therapy and combinatory treatments for the control of biofilm-associated infections. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:548-564. [PMID: 35689422 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The advent of antimicrobial resistance has added considerable impact to infectious diseases both in the number of infections and healthcare costs. Furthermore, the relentless emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, particularly in the biofilm state, has made mandatory the discovery of new alternative antimicrobial therapies that are capable to eradicate resistant bacteria and impair the development of new forms of resistance. Amongst the therapeutic strategies for treating biofilms, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has shown great potential in inactivating several clinically relevant micro-organisms, including antibiotic-resistant 'priority bacteria' declared by the WHO as critical pathogens. Its antimicrobial effect is centred on the basis that harmless low-intensity light stimulates a non-toxic dye named photosensitizer, triggering the production of reactive oxygen species upon photostimulation. In addition, combination therapies of aPDT with other antimicrobial agents (e.g. antibiotics) have also drawn considerable attention, as it is a multi-target strategy. Therefore, the present review highlights the recent advances of aPDT against biofilms, also covering progress on combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ribeiro
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - I B Gomes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M J Saavedra
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.,Centre for the Research and Technology for Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - M Simões
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Pratibha, Rajput JK. Synergistically Enhanced Solar‐light Driven Degradation of Hazardous Food Colorants by Ultrasonically Derived MgFe
2
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/S‐doped g‐C
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Nanocomposite: A Z‐Scheme System Based Heterojunction Approach. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B. R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar Punjab India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. B. R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar Punjab India
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15
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A metal-free, dual catalyst for the removal of Rhodamine B using novel carbon quantum dots from muskmelon peel under sunlight and ultrasonication: A green way to clean the environment. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Development of erythrosine-based photodynamic therapy with a targeted drug delivery system to induce HepG2 cell apoptosis in vitro. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Red Tomato Products as an Alternative to Reduce Synthetic Dyes in the Food Industry: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237125. [PMID: 34885711 PMCID: PMC8659080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most dyes used in the food industry are synthetic and can be a health hazard. Red tomato may serve as a natural alternative dye to replace synthetic colorants. This study aimed to review the literature on the addition of red tomato products (powder tomato, paste, freeze-dried, tomato peel powder, tomato pomace) to reduce the usage of synthetic dyes in the food industry. Red tomato products have been used as coloring in pasta, bologna, sausages, cookies, crackers, macaroons, hamburgers, breads, muffins, cheeses, and nuggets. The trans-cis isomerization of lycopene by oxidative processes directly affects the color of the pigment. The lycopene contained in tomato has antioxidant activity and could reduce or eliminate other oxidants and/or synthetic preservatives in food. Moreover, tomatoes in foods have high sensory scores, nutritional appeal, and marketing potential. However, its use as a food colorant has been not extensively explored. Therefore, further studies are still required, especially on the stability of carotenoids in tomatoes used in processed foods.
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Lohar S, Prajapati DK, Sharma A, Bhardwaj S. Wastewater treatment using nanomaterial quaternary photocatalyst ZrCdPbO4 - Removal of colour pollutant by an eco friendly process. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Bergmann EV, Capeloto OA, Catanio ATS, Flizikowski GAS, Kimura NM, Freitas CF, Herculano LS, Astrath NGC, Malacarne LC. Photoactivation of Erythrosine in simulated body fluids. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 259:119867. [PMID: 33991815 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a powerful technique for the treatment of cancer and non-cancerous diseases. The precise PDT treatment protocol definition must consider the performance difference between in vitroand in vivoapplications. This also occurs in other biological studies, and to partially overcome this difficulty, the simulated body fluids are generally applied as a prior understanding of the particularities of the different systems. However, in PDT these studies are scarce. In this work, we investigated the photoactivation of Erythrosine, a photosensitizer widely used in PDT, in different simulated body fluids. Differences in the photodegradation kinetics, triplet lifetime, and singlet oxygen generation were observed. The results can help to explain and to define PDT application protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo V Bergmann
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Otávio A Capeloto
- Instituto de Saúde e Biotecnologia de Coari, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Coari, AM 69460-000, Brazil
| | - Angelo T S Catanio
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | - Newller M Kimura
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Camila F Freitas
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro S Herculano
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Medianeira, PR 85884-000, Brazil
| | - Nelson G C Astrath
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Luis C Malacarne
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil.
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Azevedo AMO, Vilaranda AG, Neves AFDC, Sousa MJ, Santos JLM, Saraiva MLMFS. Development of an automated yeast-based spectrophotometric method for toxicity screening: Application to ionic liquids, GUMBOS, and deep eutectic solvents. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130227. [PMID: 33794429 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as a eukaryotic model organism for studying the toxic effects of various compounds. In this context, an automated spectrophotometric method based on the enzymatic reduction of methylene blue dye to a colorless product by living yeast cells was implemented in a sequential injection analysis system. Loss of yeast viability/impaired metabolic activity was monitored by an increase in optical density at 664 nm. To prove the usefulness of this approach, the toxicity of ILs (ionic liquids), GUMBOS (group of uniform materials based on organic salts), and DESs (deep eutectic solvents) was examined. Differences obtained between IC50 values confirmed the impact of structural elements on each compounds' toxicity. While DESs appeared to be less toxic than ILs, GUMBOS were found to be among the most toxic compounds to yeast cells and thus can be viewed as promising antimicrobial candidates. The automated methodology showed satisfactory repeatability and reproducibility (RSD < 9%), which is in good agreement with Green Chemistry principles. In fact, the method required consumption of only 40 μL of reagents and produced less than 2 mL of effluents per cycle. Thus, the developed assay can be used as an alternative tool for toxicity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M O Azevedo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André G Vilaranda
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana F D C Neves
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Sousa
- CBMA, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - João L M Santos
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Lúcia M F S Saraiva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Dayana PN, Abel MJ, Inbaraj PFH, Sivaranjani S, Thiruneelakandan R, prince JJ. Zirconium Doped Copper Ferrite (CuFe2O4) Nanoparticles for the Enhancement of Visible Light-Responsive Photocatalytic Degradation of Rose Bengal and Indigo Carmine Dyes. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Potential of triblock copolymers Pluronic® P-84 and F-108 with erythrosine B and its synthetic ester derivatives for photodynamic applications. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Shaikh KA, Chaudhar UN. Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Xanthene Derivatives Mediated by Lanthanum(Iii) Nitrate Hexahydrate under Solvent Free Conditions. CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MOLDOVA 2020. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2020.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper shows that lanthanum(III) nitrate hexahydrate can be used as mild and environment friendly homogeneous catalyst for an efficient one-pot multi-component synthesis of biologically active 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene and 14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene derivatives. The solvent free condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes and dimedone or β-naphthol was carried out at 70-80ºC during 10-30 min. The advantages of this eco-friendly synthesis route are numerous, and include the use of an inexpensive catalyst, high to excellent yield, short reaction time and high catalytic activity that can make this method an interesting alternative to multi-step approaches.
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DEMIRKOL O, GÜMÜŞAY ÖA, CERIT İ. Effect of erythrosine and phloxine from xanthene food dyes on oxidative stress in Chinese hamster ovary cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.27819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Weiskirchen S, Weiper K, Tolba RH, Weiskirchen R. All You Can Feed: Some Comments on Production of Mouse Diets Used in Biomedical Research with Special Emphasis on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010163. [PMID: 31936026 PMCID: PMC7019265 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The laboratory mouse is the most common used mammalian research model in biomedical research. Usually these animals are maintained in germ-free, gnotobiotic, or specific-pathogen-free facilities. In these facilities, skilled staff takes care of the animals and scientists usually don’t pay much attention about the formulation and quality of diets the animals receive during normal breeding and keeping. However, mice have specific nutritional requirements that must be met to guarantee their potential to grow, reproduce and to respond to pathogens or diverse environmental stress situations evoked by handling and experimental interventions. Nowadays, mouse diets for research purposes are commercially manufactured in an industrial process, in which the safety of food products is addressed through the analysis and control of all biological and chemical materials used for the different diet formulations. Similar to human food, mouse diets must be prepared under good sanitary conditions and truthfully labeled to provide information of all ingredients. This is mandatory to guarantee reproducibility of animal studies. In this review, we summarize some information on mice research diets and general aspects of mouse nutrition including nutrient requirements of mice, leading manufacturers of diets, origin of nutrient compounds, and processing of feedstuffs for mice including dietary coloring, autoclaving and irradiation. Furthermore, we provide some critical views on the potential pitfalls that might result from faulty comparisons of grain-based diets with purified diets in the research data production resulting from confounding nutritional factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.W.); (K.W.)
| | - Katharina Weiper
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.W.); (K.W.)
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - René H. Tolba
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.W.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)241-80-88683
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Dubenska L, Dmukhailo A, Tvorynska S, Rydchuk P, Dubenska L. Synthetic Food Dyes – Some Aspects Of Use And Methods Of Determination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.17721/moca.2020.5-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Color is one of the key ingredients for increasing the appetizing of food, so food dyes have become firmly established in food production technologies. However, with the acquisition of toxicity data of synthetic food dyes (SFD), there were restrictions and standards for their content in food have emerged. Numerous papers published in recent years demonstrate the importance of the problem of the use and definition of SFD. The review contains over 180 literary references in the field of usage and methods of determination of synthetic food dyes, among them regulatory documents (regulations), official internet resources of international and Ukrainian organizations, review articles and original works. Varieties of chromatography, enzyme-linked immunoassay, optical and electrochemical methods are used to identify and determine SFD. Special attention was paid to voltammetry (VA) as a method that is cheaper than chromatography and completely satisfies selectivity, sensitivity, reliability requirements and is compatible with the concept of green analytical chemistry, as it doesn't need organic solvents. Moreover, single sweep voltammetry can be considered as a screening method with low limits of determination and rapid respons
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Antiproliferative and genotoxic potential of xanthen-3-one derivatives. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:683-694. [PMID: 31639090 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Twelve previously synthesized, biologically active 2,6,7-trihydroxyxanthen-3-one derivatives were evaluated in vitro for antiproliferative activity. Compounds were screened against HeLa, SW620, HepG2 and A549 tumor cell lines. Compound with the trifluormethyl group on C-4' position of the phenyl ring showed the best inhibitory activity towards HeLa and A549 tumor cells with IC50 of 0.7 and 4.1 µmol L-1, resp. Compound with chlorine and fluorine substituents on aryl ring showed the best antiproliferative activity against SW620 with IC50 of 4.1 µmol L-1 and against HepG2 tumor cell line with IC50 of 4.2 µmol L-1. Analyses of cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the trifluormethyl derivative were performed with cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay in human lymphocyte culture and revealed no genotoxic and cytotoxic effects. The most potent compounds were subjected to molecular docking simulations in order to analyse bindings to molecular targets and, at the same time, further support the results of experimental cytotoxic tests. Docking studies showed sites of importance in forming hydrogen bonds of the most potent compounds with targets of interest.
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Gupta R, Ranjan S, Yadav A, Verma B, Malhotra K, Madan M, Chopra O, Jain S, Gupta S, Joshi A, Bhasin C, Mudgal P. Toxic Effects of Food Colorants Erythrosine and Tartrazine on Zebrafish Embryo Development. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.7.3.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Erythrosine and tartrazine are common artificial food additives which have become a part of daily human consumption. Advised daily intake values for these agents are set strictly, however, the actual intake is much higher than the recommended ADI. A higher intake of erythrosine and tartrazine is shown to exhibit adverse effects in mammalian models, and is thus a matter of public health concern. In this study we have assessed and compared the dose-dependent effects of erythrosine and tartrazine on inducing oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos. We performed the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity assay to test the effect of the two food colorants on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Erythrosine and tartrazine treated embryos showed significantly increased SOD activity in an enzyme assay. Additionally SOD mRNA transcripts in the treated embryos were found to be upregulated. Erythrosine and tartrazine treatment specifically altered SOD1 mRNA transcript levels while it had no effect on SOD2 mRNA, the other isoform found in zebrafish. Our study shows that erythrosine at a concentration of 0.05% is embryotoxic in a dose and time dependent manner. Tartrazine treated embryos exhibit similar toxicity at a concentration of 0.5%. Erythrosine treated zebrafish embryos hatch much slower when compared to tartrazine treated embryos and control embryos. While erythrosine affects the yolk utilization, tartrazine exhibits teratogenic effects on early zebrafish embryos. The mRNA expression as well as biochemical analysis indicates that exposure to food colorants induces cytoplasmic SOD transcription to combat the ROS toxicity in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
| | | | - Aanchal Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
| | - Bhawana Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
| | - Kangana Malhotra
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
| | - Mahima Madan
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
| | - Ojasvi Chopra
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
| | - Shefali Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
| | - Sonali Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
| | | | - Chitra Bhasin
- Department of Zoology, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
| | - Padmshree Mudgal
- Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
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Terrazas SIBM, Galan BSM, De Carvalho FG, Venancio VP, Antunes LMG, Papoti M, Toro MJU, da Costa IF, de Freitas EC. Açai pulp supplementation as a nutritional strategy to prevent oxidative damage, improve oxidative status, and modulate blood lactate of male cyclists. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:2985-2995. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Singh DP, Khattar JS, Rajput A, Chaudhary R, Singh R. High production of carotenoids by the green microalga Asterarcys quadricellulare PUMCC 5.1.1 under optimized culture conditions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221930. [PMID: 31490970 PMCID: PMC6730905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since carotenoids are important as natural colorants, antioxidants, neutraceutics and pharmaceutics, the aim of the present study was to find a new good source of these pigments. We hereby report a green microalga Asterarcys quadricellulare PUMCC 5.1.1 as a new and good producer of carotenoids. The organism produced 35±1.75 μg carotenoids mg-1 dry biomass during stationary phase in control cultures. The growth and carotenoids production by the test microalga were optimized by varying nutrient growth media, pH, nitrogen and phosphate source, salinity, light quality, intensity and duration. The optimized conditions for carotenoid production were: Bold basal (BB) medium with pH 8.5, containing with10 mM nitrate, 3.5 mM phosphate and 0.17 mM salinity and illuminated with blue light with 60 μmol m-2 s-1 photon flux light intensity. Cultivation of cultures in the above mentioned optimized conditions resulted in nearly 3.0 fold increase in carotenoid production compared to the control cultures grown in unmodified BB medium. Using HPTLC, four carotenoids have been identified as β-carotene, lutein, astaxanthin and canthaxanthin. Further, carotenoids were also separated and purified by flash chromatography and the amounts of purified carotenoids were determined by HPLC. The organism produced 47.0, 28.7, 15.5 and 14.0 μg β-carotene, lutein, astaxanthin and canthaxanthin mg-1 dry biomass, respectively, under optimized conditions. The amount of total carotenoids (118 μg mg-1 dry biomass) produced by Asterarcys quadricellulare PUMCC 5.1.1 under optimized culture conditions was significantly higher than control cultures. Thus, this microalgal strain is a promising candidate for carotenoid production at commercial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinder Pal Singh
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Alka Rajput
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Rajni Chaudhary
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Ramsarup Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Biological Effects of Food Coloring in In Vivo and In Vitro Model Systems. Foods 2019; 8:foods8050176. [PMID: 31137639 PMCID: PMC6560448 DOI: 10.3390/foods8050176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The suitability of certain food colorings is nowadays in discussion because of the effects of these compounds on human health. For this reason, in the present work, the biological effects of six worldwide used food colorings (Riboflavin, Tartrazine, Carminic Acid, Erythrosine, Indigotine, and Brilliant Blue FCF) were analyzed using two model systems. (2) Methods: In vivo toxicity, antitoxicity, and longevity assays using the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and in vitro cytotoxicity, DNA fragmentation, and methylation status assays using HL-60 tumor human cell line were carried out. (3) Results: Our in vivo results showed safe effects in Drosophila for all the food coloring treatments, non-significant protective potential against an oxidative toxin, and different effects on the lifespan of flies. The in vitro results in HL-60 cells, showed that the tested food colorings increased tumor cell growth but did not induce any DNA damage or modifications in the DNA methylation status at their acceptable daily intake (ADI) concentrations. (4) Conclusions: From the in vivo and in vitro studies, these results would support the idea that a high chronic intake of food colorings throughout the entire life is not advisable.
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Berlina AN, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. ELISA and Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Detection of Food Colorants: State of the Art. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 49:209-223. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1503942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna N. Berlina
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly V. Zherdev
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris B. Dzantiev
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Budimir M, Marković Z, Jovanović D, Vujisić M, Mičušík M, Danko M, Kleinová A, Švajdlenková H, Špitalský Z, Marković BT. Gamma ray assisted modification of carbon quantum dot/polyurethane nanocomposites: structural, mechanical and photocatalytic study. RSC Adv 2019; 9:6278-6286. [PMID: 35517258 PMCID: PMC9060942 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00500e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, water pollution and contamination had become a major threat to the ecosystem. However, the use of nanostructured materials has been proven as a very promising approach in the treatment of polluted water. The present study reports the results of the gamma ray-assisted modification of hydrophobic carbon quantum dot (hCQD)/polyurethane nanocomposites for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes. Different characterization methods were applied to investigate the influence of the different doses of gamma irradiation (1, 10 and 200 kGy) on the physical and chemical properties of nanocomposites (morphology, chemical content, mechanical properties, wettability, and potential for singlet oxygen generation). Surface morphology and mechanical properties analyses showed that gamma rays induced insignificant changes in the structure of nanocomposites, but the potential for singlet oxygen generation increased significantly. Here we also explore, in detail, the photocatalytic properties of gamma-ray modified hCQDs/polyurethane nanocomposites. UV-vis analysis showed that the removal efficiency of the rose bengal dye reached up to 97% for the nanocomposite irradiated with the dose of 200 kGy. The present study reports the results of the gamma ray-assisted modification of hydrophobic carbon quantum dots (hCQDs)/polyurethane nanocomposites for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Budimir
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences
- University of Belgrade
- 11001 Belgrade
- Serbia
- School of Electrical Engineering
| | - Zoran Marković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences
- University of Belgrade
- 11001 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Dragana Jovanović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences
- University of Belgrade
- 11001 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Miloš Vujisić
- School of Electrical Engineering
- University of Belgrade
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Matej Mičušík
- Polymer Institute
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 84541 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Martin Danko
- Polymer Institute
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 84541 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Angela Kleinová
- Polymer Institute
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 84541 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | | | - Zdeno Špitalský
- Polymer Institute
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 84541 Bratislava
- Slovakia
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34
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Ahmad KS, Jaffri SB. Phytosynthetic Ag doped ZnO nanoparticles: Semiconducting green remediators. OPEN CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2018-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHighly stable semiconducting silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized via facile, biomimetic and sustainable route, through utilization of Zinc acetate dihydrate (C4H6O4Zn · 2H2O) as host, Silver nitrate (AgNO3) as dopant and phytochemicals of angiospermic medicinal plant Prunus cerasifera as the reducing agents. Synthesis of Ag doped ZnO nanoparticles was done in a one pot synthetic mode by varying the amount of dopant from 0.2 – 2.0%. Synthesized photocatalyst nanoparticles were analyzed via UV-vis, FTIR, XRD and SEM. Commendable alleviation in the direct band gap i.e. 2.81 eV was achieved as a result of doping. Silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles size ranged between 72.11 – 100 nm with rough surface morphology and higher polydispersity degree. The XRD patterns revealed the hexagonal wurtzite geometry of crystals with an average crystallite size of 2.99 nm. Persistent organic dyes Methyl Orange, Safranin O and Rhodamine B were sustainably photodegraded in direct solar irradiance with remarkable degradation percentages up to 81.76, 74.11 and 85.52% in limited time with pseudo first order reaction kinetics (R2 =0.99, 0.99 and 0.97). Furthermore, efficient inhibition against nine microbes of biomedical and agriculturally significance was achieved. Synthesized nanoparticles are potential green remediators of polluted water and perilous pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuram Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, 46000, Rawalpindi,
| | - Shaan Bibi Jaffri
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, 46000, Rawalpindi,
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35
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Ramasamy Raja V, Rani Rosaline D, Suganthi A, Rajarajan M. Ultrasonic assisted synthesis with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of NiO/Ag 3VO 4 nanocomposite and its antibacterial activity. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:73-85. [PMID: 29680630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The NiO/Ag3VO4 nanocomposite photocatalysts were developed by ultrasonic assisted preparation method to study the photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. The samples were characterized by UV-DRS, XRD, FT-IR, XPS, SEM, EDX, TEM, EIS and BET analysis. The photocatalytic activity of NiO/Ag3VO4 nanocomposite for the photodegradation of 4-Nitro Phenol (4-NP) and Rose Bengal (RB) under visible light irradiation was studied and it is observed that the activity has been much higher than that of the pure Ag3VO4. DRS spectrum shows the absorption edge of NiO-Ag3VO4 in visible region of spectrum. The formation of cubic structured NiO and orthorhombic structured Ag3VO4 was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of XPS analysis confirmed the coexistence of NiO and Ag3VO4 in the NiO/Ag3VO4 composite. The specific surface area and pore structure of the prepared samples were measured by BET. Enhanced charge separation efficiency was confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The kinetics of the NiO/Ag3VO4 nanocomposite was proposed to investigate the intervened effects of NiO to Ag3VO4 on the promotion of photocatalytic property. NiO/Ag3VO4 was found to be stable and reusable without appreciable loss of catalytic activity up to four consecutive cycles. A possible electron-hole transfer mechanism at the NiO/Ag3VO4 interface is proposed. It also showed effective and efficient bactericidal activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Proteus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Our results provide some new insights on the performance of visible light photocatalysts on environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ramasamy Raja
- P.G & Research Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College, Madurai 625 009, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Rani Rosaline
- P.G & Research Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College, Madurai 625 009, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Suganthi
- P.G & Research Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College, Madurai 625 009, Tamil Nadu, India; Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal 624 102, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - M Rajarajan
- Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamilnadu, India
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36
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Costa Pedro MF, Kalck AS, dos Santos KF, Sousa MS, Romio KB, Souto PC, Silva JR, de Souza NC. Immobilization of triclosan and erythrosine in layer-by-layer films applied to inactivation of microorganisms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 22:158-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Adam M, Bajer T, Bajerová P, Ventura K. Modified QuEChERS Approach for Analysis of Synthetic Food Dyes in Jellies and Smarties. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-1130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Karlsson JKG, Woodford OJ, Al-Aqar R, Harriman A. Effects of Temperature and Concentration on the Rate of Photobleaching of Erythrosine in Water. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8569-8576. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b06440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K. G. Karlsson
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory,
School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J. Woodford
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory,
School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Roza Al-Aqar
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory,
School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Harriman
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory,
School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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39
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Chequer FM, Venancio VP, Almeida MR, Aissa AF, Bianchi MLP, Antunes LM. Erythrosine B and quinoline yellow dyes regulate DNA repair gene expression in human HepG2 cells. Toxicol Ind Health 2017; 33:765-774. [PMID: 28893156 DOI: 10.1177/0748233717715186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Erythrosine B (ErB) is a cherry pink food colorant and is widely used in foods, drugs, and cosmetics. Quinoline yellow (QY) is a chinophthalon derivative used in cosmetic compositions for application to the skin, lips, and/or body surface. Previously, ErB and QY synthetic dyes were found to induce DNA damage in HepG2 cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular basis underlying the genotoxicity attributed to ErB and QY using the RT2 Profiler polymerase chain reaction array and by analyzing the expression profile of 84 genes involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and DNA repair in HepG2 cells. ErB (70 mg/L) significantly decreased the expression of two genes ( FEN1 and REV1) related to DNA base repair. One gene ( LIG1) was downregulated and 20 genes related to ATR/ATM signaling ( ATR, RBBP8, RAD1, CHEK1, CHEK2, TOPB1), nucleotide excision repair ( ERCC1, XPA), base excision repair ( FEN1, MBD4), mismatch repair ( MLH1, MSH3, TP73), double strand break repair ( BLM), other DNA repair genes ( BRIP1, FANCA, GADD45A, REV1), and apoptosis ( BAX, PPP1R15A) were significantly increased after treatment with QY (20 mg/L). In conclusion, our data suggest that the genotoxic mechanism of ErB and QY dyes involves the modulation of genes related to the DNA repair system and cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Md Chequer
- 1 Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,2 Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vinicius P Venancio
- 1 Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,3 Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, TX, USA
| | - Mara R Almeida
- 1 Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre F Aissa
- 1 Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Lourdes P Bianchi
- 1 Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lusânia Mg Antunes
- 1 Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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40
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Raposa B, Pónusz R, Gerencsér G, Budán F, Gyöngyi Z, Tibold A, Hegyi D, Kiss I, Koller Á, Varjas T. Food additives: Sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, azorubine, and tartrazine modify the expression of NFκB, GADD45α, and MAPK8 genes. Physiol Int 2017; 103:334-343. [PMID: 28229641 DOI: 10.1556/2060.103.2016.3.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that some of the food additives may cause sensitization, inflammation of tissues, and potentially risk factors in the development of several chronic diseases. Thus, we hypothesized that expressions of common inflammatory molecules - known to be involved in the development of various inflammatory conditions and cancers - are affected by these food additives. We investigated the effects of commonly used food preservatives and artificial food colorants based on the expressions of NFκB, GADD45α, and MAPK8 (JNK1) from the tissues of liver. RNA was isolated based on Trizol protocol and the activation levels were compared between the treated and the control groups. Tartrazine alone could elicit effects on the expressions of NFκB (p = 0.013) and MAPK8 (p = 0.022). Azorubine also resulted in apoptosis according to MAPK8 expression (p = 0.009). Preservatives were anti-apoptotic in high dose. Sodium benzoate (from low to high doses) dose-dependently silenced MAPK8 expression (p = 0.004 to p = 0.002). Addition of the two preservatives together elicited significantly greater expression of MAPK8 at half-fold dose (p = 0.002) and at fivefold dose (p = 0.008). This study suggests that some of the food preservatives and colorants can contribute to the activation of inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Raposa
- 1 Institute of Public Health, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary.,2 Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
| | - R Pónusz
- 3 Institute of Health Insurance, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
| | - G Gerencsér
- 1 Institute of Public Health, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
| | - F Budán
- 1 Institute of Public Health, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
| | - Z Gyöngyi
- 1 Institute of Public Health, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
| | - A Tibold
- 1 Institute of Public Health, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
| | - D Hegyi
- 1 Institute of Public Health, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
| | - I Kiss
- 1 Institute of Public Health, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
| | - Á Koller
- 4 Institute of Natural Sciences, University of Physical Education , Budapest, Hungary
| | - T Varjas
- 1 Institute of Public Health, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs, Hungary
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41
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Martins N, Roriz CL, Morales P, Barros L, Ferreira IC. Food colorants: Challenges, opportunities and current desires of agro-industries to ensure consumer expectations and regulatory practices. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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42
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43
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Nagao Y, Kimura K, Wang S, Fujiwara T, Mizoguchi A. Real-time histological imaging of kidneys stained with food dyes using multiphoton microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:847-58. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Nagao
- Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication; Mie University Graduate School of Medicine; Tsu Japan
| | - Kazushi Kimura
- Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication; Mie University Graduate School of Medicine; Tsu Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy Faculty of Human Science; Hokkaido Bunkyo University; Eniwa Japan
| | - Shujie Wang
- Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication; Mie University Graduate School of Medicine; Tsu Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujiwara
- Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication; Mie University Graduate School of Medicine; Tsu Japan
| | - Akira Mizoguchi
- Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication; Mie University Graduate School of Medicine; Tsu Japan
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44
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Wang L, Tao M, Zhang G, Li S, Gong D. Partial intercalative binding of the food colorant erythrosine to herring sperm DNA. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19626d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythrosine partially inserts into the G–C rich region of hsDNA and induces moderate conformational perturbation of the DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Mo Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Guowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Deming Gong
- School of Biological Sciences
- The University of Auckland
- Auckland 1142
- New Zealand
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45
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Carocho M, Barreiro MF, Morales P, Ferreira ICFR. Adding Molecules to Food, Pros and Cons: A Review on Synthetic and Natural Food Additives. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014; 13:377-399. [PMID: 33412697 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The pressing issue to feed the increasing world population has created a demand to enhance food production, which has to be cheaper, but at the same time must meet high quality standards. Taste, appearance, texture, and microbiological safety are required to be preserved within a foodstuff for the longest period of time. Although considerable improvements have been achieved in terms of food additives, some are still enveloped in controversy. The lack of uniformity in worldwide laws regarding additives, along with conflicting results of many studies help foster this controversy. In this report, the most important preservatives, nutritional additives, coloring, flavoring, texturizing, and miscellaneous agents are analyzed in terms of safety and toxicity. Natural additives and extracts, which are gaining interest due to changes in consumer habits are also evaluated in terms of their benefits to health and combined effects. Technologies, like edible coatings and films, which have helped overcome some drawbacks of additives, but still pose some disadvantages, are briefly addressed. Future trends like nanoencapsulation and the development of "smart" additives and packages, specific vaccines for intolerance to additives, use of fungi to produce additives, and DNA recombinant technologies are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Carocho
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO) ESA, Polytechnic Inst. of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.,Dept. of Nutrition and Bromatology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense Univ. of Madrid, Pza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Filomena Barreiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering (LSRE), Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Polytechnic Inst. of Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia Apartado 1134, 5301-857 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Patricia Morales
- Dept. of Nutrition and Bromatology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense Univ. of Madrid, Pza Ramón y Cajal s/n, E-28040 Madrid s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO) ESA, Polytechnic Inst. of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal
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46
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Ganesan L, Buchwald P. The promiscuous protein binding ability of erythrosine B studied by metachromasy (metachromasia). J Mol Recognit 2013; 26:181-9. [PMID: 23456742 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to elucidate aspects of the protein binding ability of erythrosine B (ErB), a poly-iodinated xanthene dye and an FDA-approved food colorant (FD&C Red No. 3), which we have identified recently as a promiscuous inhibitor of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) with a remarkably consistent median inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) in the 5- to 30-μM range. Because ErB exhibits metachromasy, that is, color change upon binding to several proteins, we exploited this property to quantify its binding to proteins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) and CD40L (CD154) and to determine the corresponding binding constants (Kd ) and stoichiometry (nb ) using spectrophotometric methods. Binding was reversible, and the estimated affinities for both protein targets obtained here (Kd values of 14 and 20 μM for BSA and CD40L, respectively) were in good agreement with that expected from the PPI inhibitory activity of ErB. A stoichiometry greater than one was observed both for CD40L and BSA binding (nb of 5-6 and 8-9 for BSA and CD40L, respectively), indicating the possibility of nonspecific binding of the flat and rigid ErB molecule at multiple sites, which could explain the promiscuous PPI inhibitory activity if some of these overlap with the binding site of the protein partner and interfere with the binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Ganesan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology and Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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