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de Oliveira E Silva AM, Pereira RO, Oliveira AKDS, Harris FS, de Melo ILP, Almeida-Souza TH, Yoshime LT, Dos Santos Melo C, Lopes Dos Santos J, de Andrade-Wartha ERS, Cogliati B, Granato D, Mancini-Filho J. Ameliorative effects of aqueous extract from rosemary on oxidative stress and inflammation pathways caused by a high-fat diet in C57BL/6 mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:459-472. [PMID: 38048548 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Rosemary is an herb exhibits biological properties, attenuates inflammation, oxidative stress, and improves lipid profile. Here, we evaluated the effects of rosemary aqueous extract (RE) on mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6 mice were administered a control diet or HFD for 10 weeks. The treated groups received RE in the diet at different concentrations: 25, 250, and 500 mg/100 g. After 10 weeks, serum concentrations of glucose, lipid, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and cytokines were evaluated and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity was determined. Histological analysis was performed to determine the concentrations of triacylglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, cytokines, and antioxidant enzymes as well as the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The dietary RE ameliorated HFD-induced weight gain, adipose tissue weight, glucose intolerance, and insulin, leptin, and free fatty acid levels. Reduction in hepatic TG deposition was observed. The levels of inflammatory cytokines decreased, and the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism increased. RE mitigated oxidative stress and reduced the production of reactive oxygen species in HepG2 and 3T3-L1 cells. Therefore, RE is a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of inflammation and oxidative stress outcomes associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mara de Oliveira E Silva
- Nutrition Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Raquel Oliveira Pereira
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Santana Harris
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Lipids, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Illana Louise Pereira de Melo
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Lipids, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Tedesco Yoshime
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Lipids, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Dos Santos Melo
- Nutrition Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jymmys Lopes Dos Santos
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Granato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Jorge Mancini-Filho
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Laboratory of Lipids, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wan SS, Li XY, Liu SR, Tang S. The function of carnosic acid in lipopolysaccharides-induced hepatic and intestinal inflammation in poultry. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103415. [PMID: 38215508 PMCID: PMC10821594 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes are often accompanied by oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, which might lead to cellular and organ damage. Carnosic acid (CA), an active component found in rosemary, exhibits pharmacological properties including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral effects. The aim of this research was to investigate whether CA can mitigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in poultry and to understand its underlying mechanisms. We administered CA to broiler chickens via oral gavage and treated them with LPS, followed by analysis of the effects of different dosages of CA on body weight, antioxidative capacity, and inflammatory factors. Carnosic acid had no significant impact on the body weight of broiler chickens. However, serum analysis indicated that the middle dose of CA effectively enhanced the antioxidative capacity and reduced levels of oxidative stress and inflammation-related factors. Moreover, in the liver, CA demonstrated the ability to regulate the expression of proteins such as heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38), suggesting its protective role against liver damage induced by LPS. In the intestinal tract of broiler chickens, CA regulated the expression and localization of proteins including HSP60, HSP70, NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 (Nrf2), and P38, while also influencing the expression of inflammatory markers such as protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C (CD45), and connexin (Cx). These findings revealed the potential protective mechanisms of CA in alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory damage induced by LPS in poultry. Carnosic acid notably enhanced the chickens' antioxidative capacity by modulating the expression of key proteins, thereby reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory response levels. This study provides a deeper comprehension of the protective mechanisms of CA and its potential impact on avian health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Shuang Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Si-Rui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shu Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Asejeje FO, Akinola KD, Abiola MA. Sodium benzoate exacerbates hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023; 45:558-564. [PMID: 36927185 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2191818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver damage is a global health concern associated with a high mortality rate. Sodium benzoate (SB) is a widely used preservative in the food industry with a wide range of applications. However, there's a lack of scientific reports on its effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic dysfunction. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the influence of SB on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight rats were randomly allocated into four groups: control (received distilled water), SB (received 600 mg/kg), LPS (received 0.25 mg/kg), and LPS + SB (received LPS, 0.25 mg/kg, and SB, 600 mg/kg). SB was administered orally for 14 days while LPS was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days. RESULTS Administration of SB to rats with hepatocyte injury exacerbated liver damage with a significant increase in the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). We also observed that SB aggravated LPS-mediated hepatic oxidative stress occasioned by a marked decrease in antioxidant status with a concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, LPS - mediated increase in inflammatory biomarkers as well as histological deterioration in the liver was exacerbated following the administration of SB to rats. CONCLUSION Taken together, the study provides experimental evidence that SB exacerbates hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in LPS-mediated liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folake Olubukola Asejeje
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Khalid Damilare Akinola
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Michael Abayomi Abiola
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Habtemariam S. Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Mechanisms of Natural Products: Insight from Rosemary Diterpenes, Carnosic Acid and Carnosol. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020545. [PMID: 36831081 PMCID: PMC9953345 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CAR) are two major diterpenes of the rosemary plant (Rosmarinus officinalis). They possess a phenolic structural moiety and are endowed with the power to remove cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) either through direct scavenging reaction or indirectly through upregulation of antioxidant defences. Hand in hand with these activities are their multiple biological effects and therapeutic potential orchestrated through modulating various signalling pathways of inflammation, including the NF-κB, MAPK, Nrf2, SIRT1, STAT3 and NLRP3 inflammasomes, among others. Consequently, they ameliorate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6), adhesion molecules, chemokines and prostaglandins. These anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action as a therapeutic link to various effects of these compounds, as in many other natural products, are scrutinised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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Francis MR, El-Sheakh AR, Suddek GM. Saroglitazar, a dual PPAR-α/γ agonist, alleviates LPS-induced hepatic and renal injury in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109688. [PMID: 36681027 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin within gram-negative bacteria, is associated with systemic acute inflammatory response after invading living tissues and results in sepsis. The liver and kidney are both major target organs in sepsis. Septic acute hepatic-renal injury is a serious clinical condition with high risk of morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, effective treatment is still lacking. AIM This study highlights saroglitazar (SAR), a dual PPAR-α/γ agonist, as a proposed prophylactic drug against LPS-induced hepatic-renal injury. MAIN METHODS Rats were pretreated with SAR (2 and 4 mg/kg/day) for 15 days, while sepsis was induced by LPS injection (10 mg/kg) on day 15 one hour following SAR oral administration. KEY FINDINGS SAR pretreatment could successfully mitigate LPS-induced hepatic-renal injury, evidenced by enhancement of renal and hepatic functions and a decrease of tissue pathological injury. Meanwhile, SAR alleviated LPS-induced oxidative stress; it reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and ameliorated decreased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). LPS-induced elevations in hepatic and renal nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), phosphorylated inhibitor of kappa B alpha (p-IκBα), interferon-beta (IFN-β), and hepatic high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) contents were significantly attenuated in SAR-treated groups. SAR showed an advantageous impact against LPS-induced activation of non-canonical inflammasome and pyroptosis via a significant reduction in cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-11 (Caspase-11) and gasdermin D (GSDMD) expressions. Moreover, Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain (NOD)-Like Receptor Protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation with concomitant expression and activation of caspase-1 and release of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) were considerably diminished following SAR pretreatment. SIGNIFICANCE SAR could be considered a prophylactic anti-inflammatory antioxidant drug against LPS-induced liver and kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina R Francis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed R El-Sheakh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Multi-Target Effects of ß-Caryophyllene and Carnosic Acid at the Crossroads of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration: From Oxidative Stress to Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061199. [PMID: 35740096 PMCID: PMC9220155 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are interlinked and interdependent processes involved in many chronic diseases, including neurodegeneration, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Therefore, targeting inflammatory pathways may represent a potential therapeutic strategy. Emerging evidence indicates that many phytochemicals extracted from edible plants have the potential to ameliorate the disease phenotypes. In this scenario, ß-caryophyllene (BCP), a bicyclic sesquiterpene, and carnosic acid (CA), an ortho-diphenolic diterpene, were demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, as well as neuroprotective and mitoprotective effects in different in vitro and in vivo models. BCP essentially promotes its effects by acting as a selective agonist and allosteric modulator of cannabinoid type-2 receptor (CB2R). CA is a pro-electrophilic compound that, in response to oxidation, is converted to its electrophilic form. This can interact and activate the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE transcription pathway, triggering the synthesis of endogenous antioxidant “phase 2” enzymes. However, given the nature of its chemical structure, CA also exhibits direct antioxidant effects. BCP and CA can readily cross the BBB and accumulate in brain regions, giving rise to neuroprotective effects by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibiting activated microglia, substantially through the activation of pro-survival signalling pathways, including regulation of apoptosis and autophagy, and molecular mechanisms related to mitochondrial quality control. Findings from different in vitro/in vivo experimental models of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease reported the beneficial effects of both compounds, suggesting that their use in treatments may be a promising strategy in the management of neurodegenerative diseases aimed at maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and ameliorating glia-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Jin B, Li H, Zhang H, Yang J, Ma W, Lv M, Zheng X, Li X, Liu L, Wang K. Effects of carnosic acid on arsenic-induced liver injury in mice: A comparative transcriptomics analysis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 71:126953. [PMID: 35202923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term chronic exposure to arsenic can cause different degrees of liver injury. Till date, its molecular mechanism has not meant fully elucidated. Evidence indicates that Carnosic acid (CA) has a protective role in arsenic-induced liver injury. This study aimed to reveal the potential targets and evaluate the potential effect of CA intervention at transcriptional level, and provide reference for the intervention of arsenic-induced liver injury. METHODS Arsenic-induced liver injury and CA intervention models were established in C57BL/6 mice. RNA sequencing technique was carried out to obtain the differentially expressed gene (DEG) profiles. The common covariant DEGs between arsenic induction and CA intervention was screened by comparative transcriptomic analysis methods. QRT-PCR was used to verify the covariant DEGs. RESULTS Transcriptome results showed that 220 DEGs were identified after arsenic induction. 267 DEGs were identified after CA intervention (|fold change| > 2.0 and adjusted P < 0.05). 42 covariant DEGs were discovered between the comparison of "AS vs Control" and "AS & CA vs AS". In addition, hub gene analysis revealed a total of 8 covariant DEGs (Ehhadh, Fgf21, Cyp2b10, Plin2, Aacs, Cyp7a1, Per2 and Mylip). The mRNA expressions of Fgf21 and Plin2 were significantly increased (P < 0.05) and the mRNA expressions of Cyp2b10, Cyp7a1, Per2 and Mylip were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) after arsenic induction. On the contrary, the changes of these DEGs were reversed after CA intervention. CONCLUSION The present study would be helpful to understand the potential health effects of arsenic-induced liver injury and identify new potential targets, and provide a reference for the intervention of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiming Jin
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin 150081, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health,Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; Institute of Cell Biotechnology, China and Russia Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; Department of Preventive Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, PR China.
| | - Haonan Li
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin 150081, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health,Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; Institute of Cell Biotechnology, China and Russia Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin 150081, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health,Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; Institute of Cell Biotechnology, China and Russia Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin 150081, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health,Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; Institute of Cell Biotechnology, China and Russia Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin 150081, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health,Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; Institute of Cell Biotechnology, China and Russia Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
| | - Man Lv
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin 150081, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health,Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; Institute of Cell Biotechnology, China and Russia Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
| | - Xiujuan Zheng
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin 150081, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health,Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; Institute of Cell Biotechnology, China and Russia Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; Harbin Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin 150056, PR China.
| | - Xuying Li
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin 150081, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health,Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; Institute of Cell Biotechnology, China and Russia Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
| | - Lele Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin 150081, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health,Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; Institute of Cell Biotechnology, China and Russia Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
| | - Kewei Wang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin 150081, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health,Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; Institute of Cell Biotechnology, China and Russia Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
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Hybertson BM, Gao B, McCord JM. Effects of the Phytochemical Combination PB123 on Nrf2 Activation, Gene Expression, and the Cholesterol Pathway in HepG2 Cells. OBM INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLIMENTARY MEDICINE 2022; 7. [PMID: 35252766 PMCID: PMC8896855 DOI: 10.21926/obm.icm.2201002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There has been a long history of human usage of the biologically-active phytochemicals in Salvia rosmarinus, Zingiber officinale, and Sophora japonica for health purposes, and we recently reported on a combination of those plant materials as the PB123 dietary supplement. In the present work we extended those studies to evaluate activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor and differential gene expression in cultured HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) cells treated with PB123. We determined transcriptome changes using mRNA-seq methods, and analyzed the affected pathways using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and BioJupies, indicating that primary effects included increasing the Nrf2 pathway and decreasing the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Pretreatment of cultured HepG2 cells with PB123 upregulated Nrf2-dependent cytoprotective genes and increased cellular defenses against cumene hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress. In contrast, pretreatment of cultured HepG2 cells with PB123 downregulated cholesterol biosynthesis genes and decreased cellular cholesterol levels. These findings support the possible beneficial effects of PB123 as a healthspan-promoting dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks M Hybertson
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Bifeng Gao
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joe M McCord
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Rosmarinus officinalis in Preclinical In Vivo Models of Inflammation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030609. [PMID: 35163873 PMCID: PMC8840442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory effect of Rosmarinus officinalis in preclinical in vivo models of inflammation. A search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, with related keywords. The inclusion criteria were inflammation, plant, and studies on rats or mice; while, the exclusion criteria were reviews, studies with in vitro models, and associated plants. The predominant animal models were paw edema, acute liver injury, and asthma. Rosemary was more commonly used in its entirety than in compounds, and the prevalent methods of extraction were maceration and hydrodistillation. The most common routes of administration reported were gavage, intraperitoneal, and oral, on a route-dependent dosage. Treatment took place daily, or was single-dose, on average for 21 days, and it more often started before the induction. The most evaluated biomarkers were tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The best results emerged at a dose of 60 mg/kg, via IP of carnosic acid, a dose of 400 mg/kg via gavage of Rosmarinus officinalis, and a dose of 10 mg/kg via IP of rosmarinic acid. Rosmarinus officinalis L. showed anti-inflammatory activity before and after induction of treatments.
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Wang T, Ishikawa T, Sasaki M, Chiba T. Oral and Gut Microbial Dysbiosis and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Central Role of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:822190. [PMID: 35308549 PMCID: PMC8924514 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.822190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota play many important roles, such as the regulation of immunity and barrier function in the intestine, and are crucial for maintaining homeostasis in living organisms. The disruption in microbiota is called dysbiosis, which has been associated with various chronic inflammatory conditions, food allergies, colorectal cancer, etc. The gut microbiota is also affected by several other factors such as diet, antibiotics and other medications, or bacterial and viral infections. Moreover, there are some reports on the oral-gut-liver axis indicating that the disruption of oral microbiota affects the intestinal biota. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the systemic diseases caused due to the dysregulation of the oral-gut-liver axis. NAFLD is the most common liver disease reported in the developed countries. It includes liver damage ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and cancer. Recently, accumulating evidence supports an association between NAFLD and dysbiosis of oral and gut microbiota. Periodontopathic bacteria, especially Porphyromonas gingivalis, have been correlated with the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD based on the clinical and basic research, and immunology. P. gingivalis was detected in the liver, and lipopolysaccharide from this bacteria has been shown to be involved in the progression of NAFLD, thereby indicating a direct role of P. gingivalis in NAFLD. Moreover, P. gingivalis induces dysbiosis of gut microbiota, which promotes the progression of NAFLD, through disrupting both metabolic and immunologic pathways. Here, we review the roles of microbial dysbiosis in NAFLD. Focusing on P. gingivalis, we evaluate and summarize the most recent advances in our understanding of the relationship between oral-gut microbiome symbiosis and the pathogenesis and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as discuss novel strategies targeting both P. gingivalis and microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
- Ting Wang
| | - Taichi Ishikawa
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Minoru Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Toshimi Chiba
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Toshimi Chiba
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Kim JY, Hong HL, Kim GM, Leem J, Kwon HH. Protective Effects of Carnosic Acid on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247589. [PMID: 34946671 PMCID: PMC8705858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Septic acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important medical problem worldwide, but current treatments are limited. During sepsis, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates various signaling pathways involved in multiorgan failure. Carnosic acid is a natural phenolic diterpene and has multiple bioactivities, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects. However, the effect of carnosic acid on septic AKI has not been explored. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether carnosic acid has a therapeutic effect on LPS-induced kidney injury. Administration of carnosic acid after LPS injection ameliorated histological abnormalities and renal dysfunction. Cytokine production, immune cell infiltration, and nuclear factor-κB activation after LPS injection were also alleviated by carnosic acid. The compound suppressed oxidative stress with the modulation of pro-oxidant and antioxidant enzymes. Tubular cell apoptosis and caspase-3 activation were also inhibited by carnosic acid. These data suggest that carnosic acid ameliorates LPS-induced AKI via inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis and could serve as a useful treatment agent for septic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yeon Kim
- Department of Immunology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - Hyo-Lim Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - Gyun Moo Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Immunology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (H.H.K.)
| | - Hyun Hee Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (H.H.K.)
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12
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Zhang Y, Deng ZX, He ML, Pastor JJ, Tedo G, Liu JX, Wang HF. Olive oil cake extract stabilizes the physiological condition of lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and modulating the ileal microbiome. Food Funct 2021; 12:10171-10183. [PMID: 34529747 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03012k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Olives are a rich source of compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study was designed to investigate whether a standardized olive cake extract was able to alleviate oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal villus damage in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglets. Thirty weaned piglets (6.9 ± 0.9 kg) were assigned to five groups using a randomized complete block design. Piglets were fed a basal diet before intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of physiological saline (C); fed a basal diet alone (CL) or fed a basal diet plus an olive cake extract (OL), antibiotics (AL), or olive cake extract plus antibiotics (OAL) before i.p. injection of LPS. The feeding period lasted for 2 weeks. Piglets were euthanized 4 h after the LPS injection. Systemic oxidative and inflammatory status and intestinal morphology were evaluated. LPS challenge significantly lowered the serum levels of GSH-Px, SOD and ALB and increased the serum concentration of MDA, NO, LDH, ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-6, DAO and D-xylose (P < 0.05), as extracted from the comparison of piglets in the C and CL groups. Intestinal morphology was altered in the duodenum and ileum, displaying that the CL group had significantly lower villus height (VH), higher crypt depth (CD) and lower VH/CD compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, feed supplementation was able to partially mitigate the negative effects of LPS challenge in all groups (OL, AL, and OAL), as evidenced by the significantly increased serum levels of GSH-Px, SOD, ALB and IL-10 and decreased concentration of MDA, NO, LDH, ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-6, DAO and D-xylose, compared with the CL group (P < 0.05). Alterations in intestinal morphology were also prevented and the OL, AL, and OAL groups had significantly lower CD and higher VH/CD compared with the CL group (P < 0.05), both in the ileum and duodenum. Furthermore, the positive effect in the relative abundance of intestinal Lactobacillus and Clostridium at the genus level was also observed for the OL group compared to the CL group. In summary, dietary supplementation with an olive cake extract stabilized the physiological condition of piglets subjected to an acute LPS challenge by reducing oxidative stress and the inflammatory status, improving intestinal morphology and increasing the abundance of beneficial intestinal bacteria. This trial was registered at Zhejiang University (http://www.lac.zju.edu.cn) as No. ZJU20170529.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhao-Xi Deng
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Mao-Long He
- Innovation Division, Lucta (Guangzhou) Flavours Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jose J Pastor
- Innovation Division, Lucta S. A., UAB Research Park, Edifici Eureka, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Gemma Tedo
- Innovation Division, Lucta S. A., UAB Research Park, Edifici Eureka, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Hai-Feng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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13
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Ren Z, Poopal RK, Ramesh M. Synthetic organic chemicals (flame retardants and pesticides) with neurotoxic potential induced behavioral impairment on zebrafish (Danio rerio): a non-invasive approach for neurotoxicology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:37534-37546. [PMID: 33713268 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Behavior responses of organisms can be used as a non-invasive method for neurotoxicology studies since it directly links the nervous system's functioning and biochemical activities. Among different behavioral activities, aquatic organisms' swimming behavior (fitness) is the essential factor for health assessment; thus, it is practiced routinely in neurotoxicological studies. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are excellent models for neurotoxicology studies. Based on the above information, we hypothesized that zebrafish's swimming behavior is a potential biomarker for neurotoxic effect assessment. We exposed zebrafish (length, 3-4 cm; weight, 0.2-0.3 g) to different synthetic organic chemicals (organophosphorus flame retardants (tri-cresyl phosphate and cresyl diphenyl phosphate) and neurotoxic pesticides (cypermethrin and methomyl) for 15 days. For each test chemical, we chose two different concentrations (Treatment-I 5 μL/L and Treatment-II 25 μL/L) to study their eco-toxicity. The swimming strength of zebrafish was quantified using an online monitoring system. The swimming strength of zebrafish decreased under different treatments (Treatment-I (5 μL/L) and -II (25 μL/L)) of target chemicals. The circadian rhythm of zebrafish was predominantly not affected in this study. Higher neurotoxic effect (behavioral impairment) was observed in Treatment-II when compare to Treatment-I of organophosphorus flame retardants and pesticides groups. Responses of zebrafish under organophosphorus flame retardant (tri-cresyl phosphate and cresyl diphenyl phosphate) treatments were identical with pesticide (cypermethrin and methomyl) treatments. Based on the results, we conclude that swimming behavior could be an ideal non-invasive biomarker to assess waterborne contaminants' neurotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongming Ren
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China
| | - Rama-Krishnan Poopal
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China.
| | - Mathan Ramesh
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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14
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Ali I, Mu Y, Atif M, Hussain H, Li J, Li D, Shabbir M, Bankeu JJK, Cui L, Sajjad S, Wang D, Wang X. Separation and anti-inflammatory evaluation of phytochemical constituents from Pleurospermum candollei (Apiaceae) by high-speed countercurrent chromatography with continuous sample load. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2663-2673. [PMID: 33914393 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pleurospermum (Apiaceae) species possess a wide range of biological properties viz. analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, and so on. Pleurospermum candollei (DC.) Benth. Ex C. B. Clark. is reported to cure diarrhea, gastric, respiratory, stomach, abdominal, joint, and back pain problems. In addition, it is also used for both male and female infertility. The present study deals with an efficient technique using high-speed countercurrent chromatography for separation of chemical components from the methanol extract of P. candollei. Notably, nine main compounds namely luteolin 7-O-glucoside (1), oxypeucedanin hydrate (2), pabulenol (3), bergapten (4), heptadecanoic acid (5), (E)-isoelemicin (6), trans-asarone (7), α-linolenic acid (8), and isoimperatorin (9) were very efficiently separated and isolated in pure form. Multiple injections were applied followed by two off-line recycling high-speed countercurrent chromatography. The inhibitory effect of nitric oxide production of all compounds was tested in the presence of 200 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide in RAW264.7 mice macrophage cells. The results demonstrated that compounds 7 and 8 effectively inhibited nitric oxide production, with IC50 values of 28.44 and 53.18 μM, respectively. This study thus validates the traditional claim of using P. candollei. Taken together, these findings will be useful in future research to find a potential candidate with anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Ali
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu Universit of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Yan Mu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu Universit of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Chemistry Department, University of Education Lahore, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jinping Li
- International Cooperation Service, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Li
- International Cooperation Service, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Shabbir
- Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | | | - Li Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu Universit of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Shahida Sajjad
- Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Daijie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu Universit of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu Universit of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, P. R. China
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15
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Khalid A, Abbasi UA, Amber S, Sumera, Mirza FJ, Asif M, Javed A, Zahid S. Methylphenidate and Rosmarinus officinalis improves cognition and regulates inflammation and synaptic gene expression in AlCl 3-induced neurotoxicity mouse model. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7861-7870. [PMID: 33011892 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH), a psychotropic medication is commonly used for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study we elucidated the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of MPH and Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) extract, an ancient aromatic herb with several applications in traditional medicine. Briefly, six groups of mice (n = 8 each group), were specified for the study and behavioral analysis was performed to analyze spatial memory followed by histological assessment and gene expression analysis of synaptic (Syn I, II and III) and inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNFα and GFAP) via qRT-PCR, in an AlCl3-induced mouse model for neurotoxicity. The behavioral analysis demonstrated significant cognitive decline, memory defects and altered gene expression in AlCl3-treated group. Rosemary extract significantly decreased the expression of inflammatory and synaptic markers to the similar levels as that of MPH. The present findings suggested the neuroprotective potential of Rosmarinus officinalis extract. However, further characterization of its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties and MPH is required to strategize future treatments for several neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anibah Khalid
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Umme Aimen Abbasi
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sanila Amber
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumera
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Javed Mirza
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Javed
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Zahid
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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16
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Donmez DB, Kacar S, Bagci R, Sahinturk V. Protective effect of carnosic acid on acrylamide-induced liver toxicity in rats: Mechanistic approach over Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22524. [PMID: 32383547 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide is a food contaminant with a range of toxic effects. Carnosic acid (C20 H28 O4 ) is a phenolic compound found in plants and has many beneficial effects. In this study, we aimed at investigating the effect of carnosic acid on acrylamide-induced liver damage. Rats (n = 7) were allotted to control, carnosic acid, acrylamide, acrylamide + carnosic acid groups. Animals were euthanized. Their blood was taken for biochemical analysis, and liver tissue was excised for morphological, immunohistochemical, and immunoblotting analyses. As a result, acrylamide reduced bodyweight, liver weight, catalase, and total antioxidant capacity levels but increased alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, malondialdehyde, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index levels, Nrf2, and Keap1 protein levels. In addition, acrylamide disrupted liver histology leading to vascular congestion, cellular infiltration, necrotic cells, and so forth. Carnosic acid cotreatment ameliorated the altered biochemical parameters, liver histology, Nrf2, and Keap1 enzyme levels. In conclusion, carnosic acid has the potential to be used as a protective agent against acrylamide-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek B Donmez
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Sedat Kacar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ridvan Bagci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Varol Sahinturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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17
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Wang Z, Zhao Y, Zhao H, Zhou J, Feng D, Tang F, Li Y, Lv L, Chen Z, Ma X, Tian X, Yao J. Inhibition of p66Shc Oxidative Signaling via CA-Induced Upregulation of miR-203a-3p Alleviates Liver Fibrosis Progression. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 21:751-763. [PMID: 32781430 PMCID: PMC7417942 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously found that inhibition of p66Shc confers protection against hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation during liver fibrosis. However, the effect of p66Shc on HSC proliferation, as well as the mechanism by which p66Shc is modulated, remains unknown. Here, we elucidated the effect of p66Shc on HSC proliferation and evaluated microRNA (miRNA)-p66Shc-mediated reactive oxidative species (ROS) generation in liver fibrosis. An in vivo model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats and an LX-2 cell model were developed. p66Shc expression was significantly upregulated in rats with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and in human fibrotic livers. Additionally, p66Shc knockdown in vitro attenuated mitochondrial ROS generation and HSC proliferation. Interestingly, p66Shc promoted HSC proliferation via β-catenin dephosphorylation in vitro. MicroRNA (miR)-203a-3p, which was identified by microarray and bioinformatics analyses, directly inhibited p66Shc translation and attenuated HSC proliferation in vitro. Importantly, p66Shc was found to play an indispensable role in the protective effect of miR-203a-3p. Furthermore, carnosic acid (CA), the major antioxidant compound extracted from rosemary leaves, protected against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis through the miR-203a-3p/p66Shc axis. Collectively, these results suggest that p66Shc, which is directly suppressed by miR-203a-3p, is a key regulator of liver fibrosis. This finding may lead to the development of therapeutic targets for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhecheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Huanyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Junjun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Dongcheng Feng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fan Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Li Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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18
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Hamed H, Boulila S, Ghrab F, Kallel R, Boudawara T, El Feki A. The preventive effect of aqueous extract of Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis) leaves against the nephrotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride in mice. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:201-208. [PMID: 30501137 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1508236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the performance effect of aqueous extract of Rosmarinus officinalis (AERO) against the kidney toxicity induced by CCl4 in mice. The results showed that the renal damage induced by CCl4 was associated with a rise in oxidative stress monitored by a significant increase of TBARS and PCO levels (+89% and +136% respectively, p < .001) and a significant decrease of GSH level (-68%, p < .001) and antioxidants enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and GPX activities (-41.7%, -47.8%, and -50.5%; p < .001, respectively). Also, the nephropathology parameters including creatinine, BUN, and urea (+68.9%, +47%, +48·6% respectively, p < .05) were remarkably increased. These findings were substantiated by histological study. Pretreatment with Rosemary extract significantly attenuated the CCl4 related toxic effects via more than one mechanism such as the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, the stimulation of the synthesis of cellular antioxidants, the decrease of the biomarker kidney and the correction of the kidney structure. We can conclude that the Rosemary is efficient in the prevention of kidney function against CCl4 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Hamed
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Salha Boulila
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ferdaws Ghrab
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rim Kallel
- Anatomopathology Laboratory, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tahia Boudawara
- Anatomopathology Laboratory, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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19
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AlKahtane AA, Ghanem E, Bungau SG, Alarifi S, Ali D, AlBasher G, Alkahtani S, Aleya L, Abdel-Daim MM. Carnosic acid alleviates chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in mice cerebral and ocular tissues. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:11663-11670. [PMID: 31965510 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide whose exposure leads to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme and induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotoxicity. The current study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of carnosic acid (CA) in ameliorating CPF-induced cytotoxicity in mice brain and eye tissues. We allocated 40 male Swiss albino mice to receive DMSO 1% solution, oral CA 60 mg/kg/day bw, CPF 12 mg/kg/day bw via gastric gavage, or CPF plus CA at 30 and 60 mg/kg/day bw. Carnosic acid was administered once/day for 14 days, while CPF was administered in the last 7 days of the experiment. Biochemical analysis showed that CPF administration was associated with significant increases in the serum concentrations of interleukin-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, while it was associated with significant reductions in serum AChE levels in mice. Moreover, CPF-intoxicated mice exhibited significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide in the brain and eye tissues. However, they had significantly lower levels of reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in comparison with normal controls. Pretreatment with CA at 30 and 60 mg/kg/day bw for 14 days significantly alleviated all the aforementioned CPF-induced alterations in a dose-dependent manner; more frequent restorations of the normal control ranges were observed in the higher dose group. In conclusion, CA offers a neuroprotective effect against CPF-induced oxidative stress and inflammation and should be further studied in upcoming experimental and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A AlKahtane
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esraa Ghanem
- Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Simona G Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gadah AlBasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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20
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Chen Z, Yang Y, Mi S, Fan Q, Sun X, Deng B, Wu G, Li Y, Zhou Q, Ruan Z. Hepatoprotective effect of chlorogenic acid against chronic liver injury in inflammatory rats. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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21
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Li Q, Liu L, Sun H, Cao K. Carnosic acid protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3707-3714. [PMID: 31611929 PMCID: PMC6781802 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a well-known inflammatory disease associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality due to a lack of effective treatment methods. Carnosic acid (CA) is a phenolic diterpene compound that serves a central role in cytoprotective responses to inflammation. In the present study, the protective mechanism of CA on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated. Mice were randomly assigned to the following five groups: Control group, LPS group, and LPS plus CA groups (at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg doses). Following pre-treatment with vehicle or CA, ALI was induced by the administration of LPS. At 6 h after LPS treatment, mice were sacrificed and lung tissues were harvested for histologic analysis and the determination of wet-to-dry ratio, myeloperoxidase activity and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and NF-κB expression. Additionally, the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues, as well as the rate of apoptosis of the isolated neutrophils from BALF. The alleviation of LPS-induced ALI by CA was confirmed by histologic results and a reduction in the wet-to-dry ratio of lung tissues. Additionally, CA was revealed to significantly suppress the inhibitory effect of LPS on neutrophil apoptosis and the promoting effects of LPS on IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TLR4 and NF-κB expression, and NF-κB phosphorylation. The current results indicated that CA protects against LPS-induced ALI via a mechanism that inhibits inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Haijun Sun
- Intensive Care Unit, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
| | - Kunyue Cao
- Intensive Care Unit, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, P.R. China
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22
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Hybertson BM, Gao B, Bose S, McCord JM. Phytochemical Combination PB125 Activates the Nrf2 Pathway and Induces Cellular Protection against Oxidative Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8050119. [PMID: 31058853 PMCID: PMC6563026 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive phytochemicals in Rosmarinus officinalis, Withania somnifera, and Sophora japonica have a long history of human use to promote health. In this study we examined the cellular effects of a combination of extracts from these plant sources based on specified levels of their carnosol/carnosic acid, withaferin A, and luteolin levels, respectively. Individually, these bioactive compounds have previously been shown to activate the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor, which binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE) and regulates the expression of a wide variety of cytoprotective genes. We found that combinations of these three plant extracts act synergistically to activate the Nrf2 pathway, and we identified an optimized combination of the three agents which we named PB125 for use as a dietary supplement. Using microarray, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and RNA-seq technologies, we examined the gene expression induced by PB125 in HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) cells, including canonical Nrf2-regulated genes, noncanonical Nrf2-regulated genes, and genes which appear to be regulated by non-Nrf2 mechanisms. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified Nrf2 as the primary pathway for gene expression changes by PB125. Pretreatment with PB125 protected cultured HepG2 cells against an oxidative stress challenge caused by cumene hydroperoxide exposure, by both cell viability and cell injury measurements. In summary, PB125 is a phytochemical dietary supplement comprised of extracts of three ingredients, Rosmarinus officinalis, Withania somnifera, and Sophora japonica, with specified levels of carnosol/carnosic acid, withaferin A, and luteolin, respectively. Each ingredient contributes to the activation of the Nrf2 pathway in unique ways, which leads to upregulation of cytoprotective genes and protection of cells against oxidative stress and supports the use of PB125 as a dietary supplement to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks M Hybertson
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Bifeng Gao
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | | | - Joe M McCord
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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23
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Yang YQ, Yan XT, Wang K, Tian RM, Lu ZY, Wu LL, Xu HT, Wu YS, Liu XS, Mao W, Xu P, Liu B. Triptriolide Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Injury by Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:999. [PMID: 30210350 PMCID: PMC6124152 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 (Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 Related Factor 2) transcription factor not only regulates oxidative stress response, but also represses inflammation by regulating cytokines production and cross-talking with NF-κB signaling pathways. Nrf2 plays an essential role in liver injury induced by oxidative stress and inflammation. Triptriolide (T11) is a minor component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. (TwHF), which can be obtained by hydrolysis reaction of triptolide (T9). The major purpose of this study is to clarify the regulating effects of T11 on oxidative stress and inflammation in vivo and in vitro. LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were used to verify the regulating effects of T11 on oxidative stress (ROS and Nrf2 signaling pathway) and inflammatory cytokines production (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β). The antioxidant responsive element (ARE) luciferase assay was employed to evaluate Nrf2 activation effect of T11 in HEK-293T cells. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced acute liver injury (ALI) in BALB/c mice were used to study the protective effects (ALT, AST, MDA, SOD, histopathology and neutrophils/macrophages filtration) and the underlying protection mechanisms of ALI amelioration (Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathway) of T11. Firstly, the results showed that T11 can not only effectively decrease the productions of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β), ROS and NO in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, but also further significantly increase the activity of Nrf2 in HEK-293T cells. Secondly, the results suggested that T11 could dramatically decrease the oxidative stress responses (SOD and MDA) and inflammation (histopathology, neutrophils/macrophages filtration, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β production) in LPS-induced ALI in BALB/c mice. Finally, the results implied that T11 could dramatically increase Nrf2 protein expression and decrease p-TAK1, p-IκBα and NF-κB protein expression both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, our findings indicated that T11 could alleviate LPS induced oxidative stress and inflammation by regulating Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo, which offers a novel insights for the application of TwHF in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qi Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Teng Yan
- Affiliated Huai'an Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Kai Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Min Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Lan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Tao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Shan Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Bahri S, Ben Ali R, Gasmi K, Mlika M, Fazaa S, Ksouri R, Serairi R, Jameleddine S, Shlyonsky V. Prophylactic and curative effect of rosemary leaves extract in a bleomycin model of pulmonary fibrosis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:462-471. [PMID: 28093019 PMCID: PMC6130597 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1247881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disease without effective treatment. Rosemary is appreciated since ancient times for its medicinal properties, while biomolecules originated from the plant have an antioxidant and antifibrotic effect. OBJECTIVE The effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) leaves extract (RO) on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were given a single dose of bleomycin (BLM, 4 mg/kg, intratracheal), while RO (75 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was administered 3 days later and continued for 4 weeks (BLM/RO1-curative group). Alternatively, RO was administered 2 weeks before BLM and continued 15 days thereafter (BLM/RO2-prophylactic group). Antioxidant activities of RO and lung tissues were studied by standard methods. Histological staining revealed lung architecture and collagen deposition. RO was characterized for its polyphenol content and by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS RO polyphenol content was 60.52 mg/g of dry weight, carnosic and rosmarinic acids being major components (6.886 and 2.351 mg/g). Antioxidant effect of RO (DPPH and FRAP assay) expressed as IC50 values were 2.23 μg/mL and 0.074 μg/mL, respectively. In BLM/RO1 and BLM/RO2 lung architecture was less compromised compared to BLM, which was reflected in lower fibrosis score (2.33 ± 0.33 and 1.8 ± 0.32 vs 3.7 ± 0.3). Malondialdehyde levels were attenuated (141% and 108% vs 258% of normal value). Catalase and glutathione-S-transferase activities were normalized (103% and 117% vs 59%, 85% and 69% vs 23%, respectively). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION RO has a protective effect against BLM-induced oxidative stress and lung fibrosis due to its phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Bahri
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Physiopathology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ridha Ben Ali
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khaoula Gasmi
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mona Mlika
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Pathology, Abderhaman Mami Hospital, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Saloua Fazaa
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Ksouri
- Laboratory of Eco-Process and Valorization of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center for Biotechnology, Technopole Borj Cédria (CBBC), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raja Serairi
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- High School of Health Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saloua Jameleddine
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Vadim Shlyonsky
- Laboratory of Physiopathology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Nguyen NU, Stamper BD. Polyphenols reported to shift APAP-induced changes in MAPK signaling and toxicity outcomes. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 277:129-136. [PMID: 28918124 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to its widespread availability, acetaminophen (APAP) is the leading cause for drug-induced liver injury in many countries including United States and United Kingdom. When used as recommended, APAP is relatively safe. However, in overdose cases, increased metabolism of APAP to N-acetyl-para-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI), a reactive metabolite, leads to glutathione (GSH) depletion, oxidative stress, and cellular injury. Throughout this process, a variety of factors play important roles in propagating toxicity, including c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. Because of its involvement in multiple cellular processes, biomarkers associated with MAPK signaling have generated interest as a mechanistic target for protecting against APAP-induced liver injury and hepatocellular injury, in general. This review summarizes mechanistic details by which natural products, specifically those containing polyphenolic moieties, are capable of attenuating APAP-induced toxicity, at least in part through an ability to modulate MAPKs. These compounds include carnosic acid, chlorogenic acid, davallialactone, extracts from Hibiscus sabdariffa, quercetin-based compounds, and resveratrol. Despite variations in the experimental designs across these studies, common pathways and biomarkers were implicated in cytoprotection when polyphenolic compounds were given with APAP, such as enhanced antioxidant gene expression and reversal of APAP-induced changes in oxidative stress markers and MAPK signaling. Overall, an emphasis should be placed on method standardization for future studies if we are to gain a more in-depth understanding of how polyphenolic moieties contribute to cytoprotection during an APAP overdose event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Uy Nguyen
- Pacific University College of Arts & Sciences, 2043 College Way UC #4882, Forest Grove, OR 97116, USA.
| | - Brendan David Stamper
- Pacific University School of Pharmacy, 222 S.E. 8th Avenue #451, Hillsboro, OR 97123, USA.
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26
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Song YO, Kim M, Woo M, Baek JM, Kang KH, Kim SH, Roh SS, Park CH, Jeong KS, Noh JS. Chondroitin Sulfate-Rich Extract of Skate Cartilage Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Damage in Mice. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15060178. [PMID: 28617322 PMCID: PMC5484128 DOI: 10.3390/md15060178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effects of a chondroitin sulfate-rich extract (CSE) from skate cartilage against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic damage were investigated, and its mechanism of action was compared with that of chondroitin sulfate (CS) from shark cartilage. ICR mice were orally administrated 200 mg/kg body weight (BW) of CS or 400 mg/kg BW of CSE for 3 consecutive days, followed by a one-time intraperitoneal injection of LPS (20 mg/kg BW). The experimental groups were vehicle treatment without LPS injection (NC group), vehicle treatment with LPS injection (LPS group), CS pretreatment with LPS injection (CS group), and CSE pretreatment with LPS injection (CSE group). Hepatic antioxidant enzyme expression levels in the CS and CSE groups were increased relative to those in the LPS group. In LPS-insulted hepatic tissue, inflammatory factors were augmented relative to those in the NC group, but were significantly suppressed by pretreatment with CS or CSE. Moreover, CS and CSE alleviated the LPS-induced apoptotic factors and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In addition, CS and CSE effectively decreased the serum lipid concentrations and downregulated hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding proteins expression. In conclusion, the skate CSE could protect against LPS-induced hepatic dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, probably through the regulation of MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Ok Song
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Mijeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Minji Woo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | | | | | - Sang-Ho Kim
- Yeongsan Skate Co. Ltd., Busan 48531, Korea.
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea.
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 55365, Korea.
| | - Kap-Seop Jeong
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Tongmyong University, Busan 48520, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Sook Noh
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Tongmyong University, Busan 48520, Korea.
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Ganesan K, Jayachandran M, Xu B. A critical review on hepatoprotective effects of bioactive food components. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1165-1229. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1244154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Ganesan
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University–Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Muthukumaran Jayachandran
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University–Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University–Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, China
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28
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Nepali S, Ki HH, Lee JH, Lee HY, Kim DK, Lee YM. Wheatgrass-Derived Polysaccharide Has Antiinflammatory, Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Apoptotic Effects on LPS-Induced Hepatic Injury in Mice. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1107-1116. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarmila Nepali
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical School; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Jeonbuk 54907 Korea
| | - Hyeon-Hui Ki
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical School; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Jeonbuk 54907 Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical School; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Jeonbuk 54907 Korea
| | - Hoon-Yeon Lee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute; Wonkwang University; Iksan Jeonbuk 54538 Korea
| | - Dae-Ki Kim
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical School; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Jeonbuk 54907 Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute; Wonkwang University; Iksan Jeonbuk 54538 Korea
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29
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Liu H, Ren C, Liu W, Jiang X, Wang L, Zhu B, Jia W, Lin J, Tan J, Liu X. Embryotoxicity estimation of commonly used compounds with embryonic stem cell test. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:263-271. [PMID: 28487962 PMCID: PMC5482095 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The embryonic stem cell test (EST), an alternative model to animal studies, is a reliable and scientifically validated in vitro system for testing embryotoxicity. In contrast to most in vivo animal tests, two permanent cell lines, murine fibroblasts (BALB/c-3T3 cells) and murine embryonic stem cells (mES-D3 cells), are used in EST instead of animals in standard tests of toxicity. The embryotoxic potential of compounds (non, weak or strong embryotoxicity) may be obtained with a biostatistics-based prediction model and calculated from three different experimental endpoint values: The potency to inhibit growth of i) BALB/c-3T3 cells and ii) mES-D3 cells (IC503T3 and IC50ES) as presented using a cell cytotoxicity assay, and iii) the potency to inhibit differentiation of mES-D3 cells into contracting cardiomyocytes (ID50 D3) as demonstrated in a mES-D3 cell differentiation assay. In the present study, a model of EST with mES-D3 cells and BALB/c-3T3 cells was established, according to the standard EST system of the EU Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods, and verified it with 5-fluorouracil (strong embryotoxicity) as a positive control and penicillin G (non-embryotoxic) as a negative control. In addition, the authors further assessed the embryotoxicity of four compounds (eugenol, carnosic acid, procyanidin and dioctyl phthalate) with this model. The embryotoxic potentials of the four compounds were successfully classified by the EST system. Eugenol exhibited strong embryotoxicity, carnosic acid and dioctyl phthalate exhibited weak embryotoxicity, while procyanidin exhibited non-embryotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jia
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Jianxing Lin
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiuying Liu
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
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30
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Bahri S, Jameleddine S, Shlyonsky V. Relevance of carnosic acid to the treatment of several health disorders: Molecular targets and mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:569-582. [PMID: 27694001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosic acid is a phenolic diterperne compound found in abundance in sage and rosemary, which are both widely used in traditional medicine. Research over the past decade indicates that carnosic acid has multiple bioactive properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities among others. This review summarizes the current in vitro and in vivo data about the efficacy of carnosic acid in the prevention or treatment of various experimental health disorders. The analysis of the literature allows an insight into the participation of numerous signaling pathways modulated by carnosic acid, into its synergistic potential and, thus, into the divergence in cellular mechanisms of action of this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Bahri
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, La Rabta 1007, Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratory of Physiopathology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Saloua Jameleddine
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, La Rabta 1007, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Vadim Shlyonsky
- Laboratory of Physiopathology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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31
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Najeeb S, Zafar MS, Khurshid Z, Zohaib S, Almas K. The Role of Nutrition in Periodontal Health: An Update. Nutrients 2016; 8:E530. [PMID: 27589794 PMCID: PMC5037517 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal health is influenced by a number of factors such as oral hygiene, genetic and epigenetic factors, systemic health, and nutrition. Many studies have observed that a balanced diet has an essential role in maintaining periodontal health. Additionally, the influences of nutritional supplements and dietary components have been known to affect healing after periodontal surgery. Studies have attempted to find a correlation between tooth loss, periodontal health, and nutrition. Moreover, bone formation and periodontal regeneration are also affected by numerous vitamins, minerals, and trace elements. The aim of this review is to critically appraise the currently available data on diet and maintenance of periodontal health and periodontal healing. The effects of nutritional intervention studies to improve the quality of life and well-being of patients with periodontal disease have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariq Najeeb
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi College, Riyadh 361724, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sana Zohaib
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid Almas
- Division of Periodontology, University of Dammam, College of Dentistry, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
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Gao L, Shan W, Zeng W, Hu Y, Wang G, Tian X, Zhang N, Shi X, Zhao Y, Ding C, Zhang F, Liu K, Yao J. Carnosic acid alleviates chronic alcoholic liver injury by regulating the SIRT1/ChREBP and SIRT1/p66shc pathways in rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1902-11. [PMID: 27125489 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gao
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Wen Shan
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
- Department of Pharmacy; Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Wenjing Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy; Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery; Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Xiaofeng Tian
- Department of General Surgery; Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy; Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Xue Shi
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Chunchun Ding
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery; Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
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PARK JIEUN, PARK BYOUNGDUCK, CHAE INGYEONG, KIM DOHEE, KUNDU JUTHIKA, KUNDU JOYDEBKUMAR, CHUN KYUNGSOO. Carnosic acid induces apoptosis through inactivation of Src/STAT3 signaling pathway in human renal carcinoma Caki cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2723-32. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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The Therapeutic Potential of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) Diterpenes for Alzheimer's Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2680409. [PMID: 26941822 PMCID: PMC4749867 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2680409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is one of the most economically important species of the family Lamiaceae. Native to the Mediterranean region, the plant is now widely distributed all over the world mainly due to its culinary, medicinal, and commercial uses including in the fragrance and food industries. Among the most important group of compounds isolated from the plant are the abietane-type phenolic diterpenes that account for most of the antioxidant and many pharmacological activities of the plant. Rosemary diterpenes have also been shown in recent years to inhibit neuronal cell death induced by a variety of agents both in vitro and in vivo. The therapeutic potential of these compounds for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is reviewed in this communication by giving special attention to the chemistry of the compounds along with the various pharmacological targets of the disease. The multifunctional nature of the compounds from the general antioxidant-mediated neuronal protection to other specific mechanisms including brain inflammation and amyloid beta (Aβ) formation, polymerisation, and pathologies is discussed.
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Guo Q, Shen Z, Yu H, Lu G, Yu Y, Liu X, Zheng P. Carnosic acid protects against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by potentiating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant capacity in mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 20:15-23. [PMID: 26807019 PMCID: PMC4722187 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is one of the most common causes of acute liver failure. The study aimed to investigate the protective effect of carnosic acid (CA) on APAP-induced acute hepatotoxicity and its underlying mechanism in mice. To induce hepatotoxicity, APAP solution (400 mg/kg) was administered into mice by intraperitoneal injection. Histological analysis revealed that CA treatment significantly ameliorated APAP-induced hepatic necrosis. The levels of both alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in serum were reduced by CA treatment. Moreover, CA treatment significantly inhibited APAP-induced hepatocytes necrosis and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) releasing. Western blot analysis showed that CA abrogated APAP-induced cleaved caspase-3, Bax and phosphorylated JNK protein expression. Further results showed that CA treatment markedly inhibited APAP-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1 mRNA expression and the levels of phosphorylated IκBα and p65 protein in the liver. In addition, CA treatment reduced APAP- induced hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Conversely, hepatic glutathione (GSH) level was increased by administration of CA in APAP-treated mice. Mechanistically, CA facilitated Nrf2 translocation into nuclear through blocking the interaction between Nrf2 and Keap1, which, in turn, upregulated anti-oxidant genes mRNA expression. Taken together, our results indicate that CA facilitates Nrf2 nuclear translocation, causing induction of Nrf2-dependent genes, which contributes to protection from acetaminophen hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyang Shen
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P. R. China
| | - Gaofeng Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P. R. China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P. R. China
| | - Pengyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P. R. China
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Li S, Tan HY, Wang N, Zhang ZJ, Lao L, Wong CW, Feng Y. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26087-124. [PMID: 26540040 PMCID: PMC4661801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 951] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex antioxidant system has been developed in mammals to relieve oxidative stress. However, excessive reactive species derived from oxygen and nitrogen may still lead to oxidative damage to tissue and organs. Oxidative stress has been considered as a conjoint pathological mechanism, and it contributes to initiation and progression of liver injury. A lot of risk factors, including alcohol, drugs, environmental pollutants and irradiation, may induce oxidative stress in liver, which in turn results in severe liver diseases, such as alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Application of antioxidants signifies a rational curative strategy to prevent and cure liver diseases involving oxidative stress. Although conclusions drawn from clinical studies remain uncertain, animal studies have revealed the promising in vivo therapeutic effect of antioxidants on liver diseases. Natural antioxidants contained in edible or medicinal plants often possess strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging abilities as well as anti-inflammatory action, which are also supposed to be the basis of other bioactivities and health benefits. In this review, PubMed was extensively searched for literature research. The keywords for searching oxidative stress were free radicals, reactive oxygen, nitrogen species, anti-oxidative therapy, Chinese medicines, natural products, antioxidants and liver diseases. The literature, including ours, with studies on oxidative stress and anti-oxidative therapy in liver diseases were the focus. Various factors that cause oxidative stress in liver and effects of antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases were summarized, questioned, and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lixing Lao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chi-Woon Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Justo OR, Simioni PU, Gabriel DL, Tamashiro WMDSC, Rosa PDTV, Moraes ÂM. Evaluation of in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of crude ginger and rosemary extracts obtained through supercritical CO2 extraction on macrophage and tumor cell line: the influence of vehicle type. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:390. [PMID: 26511466 PMCID: PMC4625945 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous plants from have been investigated due to their anti-inflammatory activity and, among then, extracts or components of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), sources of polyphenolic compounds. 6-gingerol from ginger rhizome and carnosic acid and carnosol from rosemary leaves present anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, the evaluation of the mechanisms of action of these and other plant extracts is limited due to their high hydrophobicity. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is commonly used as a vehicle of liposoluble materials to mammalian cells in vitro, presenting enhanced cell penetration. Liposomes are also able to efficiently deliver agents to mammalian cells, being capable to incorporate in their structure not only hydrophobic molecules, but also hydrophilic and amphiphilic compounds. Another strategy is based on the use of Pluronic F-68, a biocompatible low-foaming, non-ionic surfactant, to disperse hydrophobic components. Here, these three delivery approaches were compared to analyze their influence on the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of ginger and rosemary extracts, at different concentrations, on primary mammalian cells and on a tumor cell line. METHODS Ginger and rosemary extracts free of organic solvents were obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and dispersed in DMSO, Pluronic F-68 or liposomes, in variable concentrations. Cell viability, production of inflammatory mediators and nitric oxide (NO) release were measured in vitro on J774 cell line and murine macrophages primary culture stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ after being exposed or not to these extracts. RESULTS Ginger and rosemary extracts obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the release of NO by peritoneal macrophages and J774 cells. The delivery vehicles influenced the anti-inflammatory effects. Comparatively, the ginger extract showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity on the tumor cell line. Controversially, rosemary extract dispersed on DMSO induced a more significant IL-1 and TNF-α reduction than ginger extract in primary macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Amongst the tested delivery vehicles, DMSO was the most suitable, presenting reduced cytotoxicity, followed by Pluronic F-68 and liposomes, provably due to differences in their form of absorption, distribution and cellular metabolism. Co-administration of liposomes and plant extracts may cause death of macrophages cells and induction of NO production. It can be concluded that some of the beneficial effects attributed to extracts of ginger and rosemary may be associated with the inhibition of inflammatory mediators due to their high antioxidant activity. However, these effects were influenced by the type of delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oselys Rodriguez Justo
- Department of Engineering of Materials and of Bioprocesses - School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-852, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Ucelli Simioni
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents - Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Dirce Lima Gabriel
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents - Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo de Tarso Vieira Rosa
- Departament of Physical Chemistry - Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ângela Maria Moraes
- Department of Engineering of Materials and of Bioprocesses - School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-852, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Tian X, Hu Y, Li M, Xia K, Yin J, Chen J, Liu Z. Carnosic acid attenuates acute ethanol-induced liver injury via a SIRT1/p66Shc-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 94:416-25. [PMID: 26845416 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol-induced liver injury is associated with oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis. We previously demonstrated that SIRT1/p66Shc pathway activation attenuates hepatocyte apoptosis in liver ischemia/reperfusion. The current study aimed to investigate whether carnosic acid (CA), a natural antioxidant, can inhibit acute ethanol-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes and to determine the effect of SIRT1/p66Shc on this process. Our results showed that CA pretreatment significantly reduced ethanol-induced histologic damage, serum aminotransferase activity, and oxidative stress in rats. Importantly, CA pretreatment increased SIRT1 expression following ethanol exposure. Furthermore, p66Shc expression was negatively correlated with SIRT1 expression. Consistent with the results demonstrating p66Shc inhibition, CA pretreatment inhibited the release of cytochrome C and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria. After exposing L02 cells to ethanol, the increased SIRT1 expression induced by CA was abrogated by pharmacologic SIRT1 inhibition or the use of siRNA against SIRT1. Additionally, SIRT1 inhibition significantly abrogated the suppression of p66Shc expression and mitochondrial translocation induced by CA. Accordingly, CA-induced decreases in the release of cytochrome C and AIF and in mitochondrial apoptosis were nearly abolished by SIRT1 knockdown. These data indicated that CA-activated SIRT1 is protective against ethanol treatment. In summary, CA attenuates acute ethanol-induced liver injury via a SIRT1/p66Shc-mediated mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Tian
- a Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hu
- b Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- c Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, P.R. China
| | - Kun Xia
- a Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jiye Yin
- d Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China.,e Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
| | - Juan Chen
- d Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China.,e Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- d Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P.R. China.,e Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha 410078, P.R. China
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Kim DH, Park KW, Chae IG, Kundu J, Kim EH, Kundu JK, Chun KS. Carnosic acid inhibits STAT3 signaling and induces apoptosis through generation of ROS in human colon cancer HCT116 cells. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1096-110. [PMID: 26152521 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA), the main antioxidant compound of Rosmarinus officinalis L., has been reported to possess anticancer activity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of CA remain poorly understood. Our study revealed that CA treatment significantly reduced the viability of human colon cancer HCT116, SW480, and HT-29 cells. Treatment with CA induced apoptosis, which was associated with the induction of p53 and Bax, inhibition of Mdm2, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xl expression, activation of caspase-9, and -3, and the cleavage of PARP in HCT116 cells. CA inhibited the constitutive phosphorylation, the DNA binding and the reporter gene activity of STAT3 in HCT116 cells by blocking the phosphorylation of upstream JAK2 and Src kinases. Moreover, CA attenuated the expression of STAT3 target gene products, such as survivin, cyclin D1, D2, and D3. In STAT3-overexpressed HCT116 cells, CA inhibited cell viability and the expression of cyclin D1 and survivin. Furthermore, CA treatment induced the generation of ROS in these colon cancer cells. Pretreatment of cells with ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine abrogated the inhibitory effect of CA on the JAK2-STAT3/Src-STAT3 signaling and rescued cells from CA-induced apoptosis by blocking the induction of p53 and the cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP in HCT116 cells. However, L-buthionine-sulfoximine, a pharmacological inhibitor of GSH synthesis, increased CA-induced ROS production, thereby potentiating apoptotic effect of CA. In conclusion, our study provides the first report that CA induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells via generation of ROS, induction of p53, activation of caspases, and inhibition of STAT3 signaling pathway. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Woong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - In Gyeong Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Juthika Kundu
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- CHA Cancer Institute, CHA University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Kyung-Soo Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
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El-Tanbouly DM, Abdelsalam RM, Attia AS, Abdel-Aziz MT. Pretreatment with magnesium ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:914-20. [PMID: 26398385 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis. LPS administration induces systemic inflammation that mimics many of the initial clinical features of sepsis and has deleterious effects on several organs including the liver and eventually leading to septic shock and death. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of magnesium (Mg), a well known cofactor in many enzymatic reactions and a critical component of the antioxidant system, on hepatic damage associated with LPS-induced endotoxima in mice. METHODS Mg (20 and 40mg/kg, po) was administered for 7 consecutive days. Systemic inflammation was induced 1h after the last dose of Mg by a single dose of LPS (2mg/kg, ip) and 3h thereafter plasma was separated, animals were sacrificed and their livers were isolated. RESULTS LPS-treated mice suffered from hepatic dysfunction revealed by histological observation, elevation in plasma transaminases activities, C-reactive protein content and caspase-3, a critical marker of apoptosis. Liver inflammation was evident by elevation in liver cytokines contents (TNF-α and IL-10) and MPO activity. Additionally, oxidative stress was manifested by increased liver lipoperoxidation, glutathione depletion, elevated total nitrate/nitrite (NOx) content and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Pretreatment with Mg largely mitigated these alternations. CONCLUSION Pretreatment with Mg protects the liver from the acute injury which occurs shortly after septicemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia M El-Tanbouly
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rania M Abdelsalam
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amina S Attia
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T Abdel-Aziz
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang Y, Jiang ZZ, Chen M, Wu MJ, Guo HL, Sun LX, Wang H, Zhang S, Wang T, Zhang LY. Protective effect of total flavonoid C-glycosides from Abrus mollis extract on lipopolysaccharide-induced lipotoxicity in mice. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:461-8. [PMID: 24969528 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Abrus mollis is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine for treating acute and chronic hepatitis, steatosis, and fibrosis. It was found that the total flavonoid C-glycosides from Abrus mollis extract (AME) showed potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities. To further investigate the hepatoprotective effect of AME and its possible mechanisms, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury models were applied in the current study. The results indicated that AME significantly attenuated LPS-induced lipid accumulation in mouse primary hepatocytes as measured by triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) assays and Oil Red O staining. Meanwhile, AME exerted a protective effect on LPS-induced liver injury as shown by decreased liver index, serum aminotransferase levels, and hepatic lipid accumulation. Real-time PCR and immunoblot data suggested that AME reversed the LPS-mediated lipid metabolism gene expression, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). In addition, LPS-induced overexpression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), X-box-binding protein-1 (XBP-1), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were dramatically reversed by AME. Furthermore, AME also decreased the expression of LPS-enhanced interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Here, it is demonstrated for the first time that AME ameliorated LPS-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and that this effect of AME can be attributed to its modulation of hepatic de novo fatty acid synthesis. This study also suggested that the hepatoprotective effect of AME may be related to its down-regulation of unfolded protein response (UPR) activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhen-Zhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mi Chen
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mei-Juan Wu
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong-Li Guo
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li-Xin Sun
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 21009, China
| | - Lu-Yong Zhang
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Silva AMDOE, Machado ID, Santin JR, de Melo ILP, Pedrosa GV, Genovese MI, Farsky SHP, Mancini-Filho J. Aqueous Extract ofRosmarinus officinalisL. Inhibits Neutrophil Influx and Cytokine Secretion. Phytother Res 2014; 29:125-33. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of São Paulo; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl 14 05508-900 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Isabel Daufenback Machado
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of São Paulo; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl 13B 05508-900 São Paulo Brazil
| | - José Roberto Santin
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of São Paulo; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl 13B 05508-900 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Illana Louise Pereira de Melo
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of São Paulo; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl 14 05508-900 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Gabriela Vieira Pedrosa
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of São Paulo; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl 14 05508-900 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria Ines Genovese
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of São Paulo; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl 14 05508-900 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Poliselli Farsky
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of São Paulo; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl 13B 05508-900 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Jorge Mancini-Filho
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of São Paulo; Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl 14 05508-900 São Paulo Brazil
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Xiang Q, Ma Y, Dong J, Shen R. Carnosic acid induces apoptosis associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and Akt inactivation in HepG2 cells. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 66:76-84. [PMID: 25265205 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.953452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA), a phenolic diterpene isolated from rosemary, shows potential benefits in health promotion and disease prevention. In the present study, the cytotoxic and apoptotic-inducing effects of CA on human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were investigated. The MTT assay results indicated that CA decreased cell viability in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with CA caused a rapid Caspase-3 activation and subsequently proteolytic cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), both of which were markers of cells undergoing apoptosis. CA also dissipated mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax protein, which mediated cytosolic translocation of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. Furthermore, CA reduced the phosphorylation of Akt, which was partially inhibited by insulin, an activator of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling pathway. In conclusion, our data suggest that the mitochondrial dysfunction and deactivation of Akt may contribute to the apoptosis-inducing effects of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisen Xiang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry , Zhengzhou , China
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Park MY, Mun ST. Carnosic acid inhibits TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:516-20. [PMID: 25324930 PMCID: PMC4198963 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.5.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Carnosic acid (CA), found in rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis) leaves, is known to exhibit anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory activities. However, whether its anti-inflammatory potency can contribute to the amelioration of obesity has not been elucidated. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of CA on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with CA (0-20 µM) for 1 h, followed by treatment with LPS for 30 min; mRNA expression of adipokines and protein expression of TLR4-related molecules were then measured. RESULTS LPS-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes showed elevated mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and CA significantly inhibited the expression of these adipokine genes. LPS-induced up regulation of TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88, TNF receptor-associated factor 6, and nuclear factor-κB, as well as phosphorylated extracellular receptor-activated kinase were also suppressed by pre-treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with CA. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study suggest that CA directly inhibits TLR4-MyD88-dependent signaling pathways and decreases the inflammatory response in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Young Park
- Department of Food & Nutrition Education, Graduate School of Education, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 336-745, Korea
| | - Seong Taek Mun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang-6-gil 31, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 330-721, Korea
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Sirtuin 1-Mediated Inhibition of p66shc Expression Alleviates Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:e373-81. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Smith K, Zeng X, Lin J. Discovery of bile salt hydrolase inhibitors using an efficient high-throughput screening system. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85344. [PMID: 24454844 PMCID: PMC3891821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The global trend of restricting the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in animal production necessitates the need to develop valid alternatives to maintain productivity and sustainability of food animals. Previous studies suggest inhibition of bile salt hydrolase (BSH), an intestinal bacteria-produced enzyme that exerts negative impact on host fat digestion and utilization, is a promising approach to promote animal growth performance. To achieve the long term goal of developing novel alternatives to AGPs, in this study, a rapid and convenient high-throughput screening (HTS) system was developed and successfully used for identification of BSH inhibitors. With the aid of a high-purity BSH from a chicken Lactobacillus salivarius strain, we optimized various screening conditions (e.g. BSH concentration, reaction buffer pH, incubation temperature and length, substrate type and concentration) and establish a precipitation-based screening approach to identify BSH inhibitors using 96-well or 384-well microplates. A pilot HTS was performed using a small compound library comprised of 2,240 biologically active and structurally diverse compounds. Among the 107 hits, several promising and potent BSH inhibitors (e.g. riboflavin and phenethyl caffeate) were selected and validated by standard BSH activity assay. Interestingly, the HTS also identified a panel of antibiotics as BSH inhibitor; in particular, various tetracycline antibiotics and roxarsone, the widely used AGP, have been demonstrated to display potent inhibitory effect on BSH. Together, this study developed an efficient HTS system and identified several BSH inhibitors with potential as alternatives to AGP. In addition, the findings from this study also suggest a new mode of action of AGP for promoting animal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Smith
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ximin Zeng
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Liu XQ, Hu XJ, Xu HX, Zeng XY. Xiaochaihu Decoction attenuates the vicious circle between the oxidative stress and the ALP inactivation through LPS-catecholamines interactions in gut, liver and brain during CCI4+ethanol-induced mouse HCC. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:375. [PMID: 24373196 PMCID: PMC3884004 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xiaochaihu Decoction (XCHD) prevents hepatocarcinogenesis in association with inhibition of oxidative stress. However, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-catecholamines (CA) interactions in gut, liver and brain may play an important role in the status of oxidative stress. This study was to assess whether XCHD attenuates the vicious circle between oxidative stress and ALP inactivation through LPS-CA interactions. METHODS Hepatocellular carcinoma group (HCC) were induced by CCI4 + ethanol; HCC with Liver Depression and Spleen Deficiency (HCC + LDSD) were induced by squeezing tails (30 min/day), solitary breeding and intermittent fasting on the basis of HCC; XCHD was administered after 4 weeks of the HCC + LDSD. The degree of tissue injury were studied using a scoring system, and brain weights were measured. Peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (VMA, CA metabolites), lipopolysaccharide-phosphate (LPS-P), ALP activity (ALP-A) and Concanavalin A (ConA)-binding rate of ALP (ALP-C) were determined by colorimetric method and lectin (ConA) affinity precipitation method. RESULTS More injuries and ONOO(-), MDA, VMA, LPS-P, ALP-C were increased, ALP-A were decreased in the gut, liver and brain of HCC group, the most in HCC + LDSD group, after treatment with XCHD, all of which were improved. A positive association found between gut-liver-brain injury and ONOO(-), MDA, VMA, LPS-P, ALP-C, between ONOO(-), MDA, VMA, LPS-P and ALP-C in the gut, liver and brain, and a negative association found between gut-liver-brain injury and ALP-A, between ALP-A and ONOO(-), MDA, VMA, LPS-P, ALP-C in the gut, liver and brain. CONCLUSIONS XCHD can attenuates the vicious circle between the oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, N-glycan deficiency and inactivation of ALP through LPS-CA interactions in gut, liver and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-qiu Liu
- Piwei Research Institutes, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-jian Hu
- The Fourth People’s Hospital, Zhanjiang 524008, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Xing Xu
- Piwei Research Institutes, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zeng
- Piwei Research Institutes, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
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Romo-Vaquero M, Larrosa M, Yáñez-Gascón MJ, Issaly N, Flanagan J, Roller M, Tomás-Barberán FA, Espín JC, García-Conesa MT. A rosemary extract enriched in carnosic acid improves circulating adipocytokines and modulates key metabolic sensors in lean Zucker rats: Critical and contrasting differences in the obese genotype. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:942-53. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Romo-Vaquero
- Research Group on Quality; Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; Department of Food Science and Technology; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - Mar Larrosa
- Research Group on Quality; Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; Department of Food Science and Technology; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - María J. Yáñez-Gascón
- Research Group on Quality; Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; Department of Food Science and Technology; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | | | | | | | - Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán
- Research Group on Quality; Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; Department of Food Science and Technology; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - Juan C. Espín
- Research Group on Quality; Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; Department of Food Science and Technology; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - María-Teresa García-Conesa
- Research Group on Quality; Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; Department of Food Science and Technology; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
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