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Adam G, Cojocaru FD, Verestiuc L, Cioanca O, Vasilache IA, Adam AM, Mircea C, Nechita A, Harabor V, Huzum B, Harabor A, Hancianu M. Assessing the Antioxidant Properties, In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Antitumoral Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Perilla leaves Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:58. [PMID: 38247482 PMCID: PMC10812795 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to outline the antioxidant, antitumoral, and cytotoxic proprieties of various types of Perilla frutescens extracts obtained from the leaves of the species. (2) Methods: We determined total polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins contents, as well as the in vitro antioxidant, antitumoral, and cytotoxic actions in three types of ethanolic extracts (E1, E2, E3) and in three types of acetone: ethanol extracts (A1, A2, A3) of Perilla frutescens according to standardized procedures. (3) Results: We found that Perilla frutescens ethanolic extracts had the highest total phenol and anthocyanins concentrations. The flavonoids concentration was not statistically different between the extracts. The iron chelating capacity, hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity, and lipoxygenase inhibition capacity showed a significant increase with higher concentrations of Perilla frutescens extracts, particularly the ethanolic extracts. Perillyl alcohol had greater cytotoxic capacity in the MG-63 cell line and E1 extract showed similar significant cytotoxic effects in the A431 cell line. (4) Conclusions: Both ethanolic and acetone-ethanol extracts from Perilla frutescens exhibited important antioxidant and antitumoral actions in vitro, which proportionally increased with concentration. The cytotoxic threshold determined in this study for various types of extracts could help determine the best dosage with the maximum antioxidant and antitumoral potential. Our results could serve as a basis for further studies that will investigate the cytotoxic effects of Perilla frutescens variants on various types of cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gigi Adam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania (C.M.); (M.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University, 35 Al. I. Cuza Street, 800216 Galati, Romania; (A.N.); (V.H.); (A.H.)
| | - Florina Daniela Cojocaru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi, 700454 Iasi, Romania; (F.D.C.); (L.V.)
| | - Liliana Verestiuc
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi, 700454 Iasi, Romania; (F.D.C.); (L.V.)
| | - Oana Cioanca
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania (C.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Ingrid-Andrada Vasilache
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Adam
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University, 35 Al. I. Cuza Street, 800216 Galati, Romania; (A.N.); (V.H.); (A.H.)
| | - Cornelia Mircea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania (C.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Aurel Nechita
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University, 35 Al. I. Cuza Street, 800216 Galati, Romania; (A.N.); (V.H.); (A.H.)
| | - Valeriu Harabor
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University, 35 Al. I. Cuza Street, 800216 Galati, Romania; (A.N.); (V.H.); (A.H.)
| | - Bogdan Huzum
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - AnaMaria Harabor
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University, 35 Al. I. Cuza Street, 800216 Galati, Romania; (A.N.); (V.H.); (A.H.)
| | - Monica Hancianu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania (C.M.); (M.H.)
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Huang S, Nan Y, Chen G, Ning N, Du Y, Lu D, Yang Y, Meng F, Yuan L. The Role and Mechanism of Perilla frutescens in Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2023; 28:5883. [PMID: 37570851 PMCID: PMC10421205 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Perilla frutescens is an annual herb of the Labiatae family and is widely grown in several countries in Asia. Perilla frutescens is a plant that is used medicinally in its entirety, as seen in its subdivision into perilla seeds, perilla stalks, and perilla leaves, which vary more markedly in their chemical composition. Several studies have shown that Perilla frutescens has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, detoxifying, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective. In the absence of a review of Perilla frutescens for the treatment of cancer. This review provides an overview of the chemical composition and molecular mechanisms of Perilla frutescens for cancer treatment. It was found that the main active components of Perilla frutescens producing cancer therapeutic effects were perilla aldehyde (PAH), rosmarinic acid (Ros A), lignan, and isoestrogen (IK). In addition to these, extracts of the leaves and fruits of Perilla frutescens are also included. Among these, perilla seed oil (PSO) has a preventive effect against colorectal cancer due to the presence of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. This review also provides new ideas and thoughts for scientific innovation and clinical applications related to Perilla frutescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicong Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (S.H.); (Y.N.); (G.C.); (N.N.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yi Nan
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (S.H.); (Y.N.); (G.C.); (N.N.); (Y.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (S.H.); (Y.N.); (G.C.); (N.N.); (Y.D.)
| | - Na Ning
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (S.H.); (Y.N.); (G.C.); (N.N.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yuhua Du
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (S.H.); (Y.N.); (G.C.); (N.N.); (Y.D.)
| | - Doudou Lu
- Clinical Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China;
| | - Yating Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (Y.Y.); (F.M.)
| | - Fandi Meng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (Y.Y.); (F.M.)
| | - Ling Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (S.H.); (Y.N.); (G.C.); (N.N.); (Y.D.)
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Zhang J, Wang R, Qin Y, Feng C. Defining the Potential Targets for Biological Activity of Isoegomaketone Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Methods. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122115. [PMID: 36556480 PMCID: PMC9788221 DOI: 10.3390/life12122115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Isoegomaketone is a water-soluble natural ketone compound that is commonly present in Rabdosia angustifolia and Perilla frutescens. At present, it is known that isoegomaketone has a wide range of pharmacological activity, but there has been no thorough investigation of its potential targets. As a result, we examined the potential targets of isoegomaketone using the network pharmacology approach. In our study, the TCM Database@Taiwan was utilized to search for the chemical formula. The pharmacological characteristics of isoegomaketone were then evaluated in silico using the Swiss Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (Swiss ADME) and Deep Learning-Acute Oral Toxicity (DL-AOT) methods, and the potential isoegomaketone target genes were identified using a literature study. Additionally, using the clusterProfiler R package 3.8.1, the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of target genes were performed. In order to obtain the protein interaction network, we simultaneously submitted the targets to the STRING database. After this, we performed molecular docking with respect to targets and isoegomaketone. Finally, we created visual networks of protein-protein interactions (PPI) and examined these networks. Our results showed that isoegomaketone had good drug-likeness, bioavailability, medicinal chemistry friendliness, and acceptable toxicity. Subsequently, through the literature analysis, 48 target genes were selected. The bioinformatics analysis and network analysis found that these target genes were closely related to the biological processes of isoegomaketone, such as atherosclerotic formation, inflammation, tumor formation, cytotoxicity, bacterial infection, virus infection, and parasite infection. These findings show that isoegomaketone may interact with a wide range of proteins and biochemical processes to form a systematic pharmacological network, which has good value for the creation and use of drugs.
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Advances in the Pharmacological Activities and Effects of Perilla Ketone and Isoegomaketone. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8809792. [PMCID: PMC9635969 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8809792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As components of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with many physiological activities, perilla ketone and isoegomaketone isolated from perilla essential oil are important active components of Perilla frutescens. Recent studies have shown that these two compounds have promising antitumor, antifungal, antirheumatoid arthritis, antiobesity, anti-inflammatory, healing-promoting, and other activities and can be used to combat toxicity from immunotherapy. Therefore, the multitude of pharmacological activities and effects demonstrate the broad research potential of perilla ketone and isoegomaketone. However, no reviews have been published related to the pharmacological activities or effects of perilla ketone and isoegomaketone. The purpose of this review is as follows: (1) outline the recent advances made in understanding the pharmacological activities of perilla ketone and isoegomaketone; (2) summarize their effects; and (3) discuss future research perspectives.
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Liu Y, Cao W, Wang J, Zhang L, Yang Y, Liu M, Wang H, Wang S. Preparation and characterization of Perilla essential oil composite microcapsule based on the complex coacervation and interface polymerization. J Food Sci 2022; 87:5017-5028. [PMID: 36222191 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we prepared a novel double-layer Perilla essential oil composite membrane microcapsule (PEOCM) by the composite methods of complex coacervation and interface polymerization. The particle size distribution, morphology, pressure resistance, thermal stability, and elemental proportions of the microcapsule shell of the obtained microcapsules were characterized by laser particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic rheometer, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and energy spectrometer. In order to further examine the application effect of the PEOCM, we carried out a fresh-keeping experiment on nectarines. The results showed that the average volume diameter of the microcapsules was 226.9 µm, with a completely spherical shape and a slight depression on the surface and had good pressure resistance and thermal stability. The results also demonstrated that microencapsulation does not change the composition of Perilla essential oil, and the polyurea membrane with amide structure (-NH-CO-NH-) was formed successfully. Furthermore, the total soluble solids content and peroxidase activity of nectarines indicated that the PEOCM can be a preservative of food. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: We prepared a double-layer Perilla essential oil composite membrane microcapsule by the composite methods of complex coacervation and interface polymerization. The encapsulation conditions of the microcapsules were optimized, the structure of the microcapsule was characterized, and the fresh-keeping effects of the microcapsule on nectarine were studied. The results showed that microcapsules had a completely spherical shape and a slight depression on the surface and had good pressure resistance, good thermal stability, and good fresh-keeping ability. The above characteristics indicated that the double-layer microcapsules have good application prospect and plays an important role in food fresh-keeping and the preservation of essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wanqi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yajiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Mengyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Hou T, Netala VR, Zhang H, Xing Y, Li H, Zhang Z. Perilla frutescens: A Rich Source of Pharmacological Active Compounds. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113578. [PMID: 35684514 PMCID: PMC9182122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, an important pharmaceutical and nutraceutical crop, is widely cultivated in East Asian countries. In this review, we present the latest research findings on the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of P. frutescens. Different databases, including PubMed, Scopus, CNKI, Agricola, Scifinder, Embase, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, and Web of Science, were searched to present the best review. In this review, we clearly represent the active constituents responsible for each and every pharmacological activity, plausible mechanism of action, and maximum inhibitory concentrations, as well as IC50 values. Approximately 400 different bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, terpenoids, quinines, phenylpropanoids, polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, coumarins, anthocyanins, carotenoids, neolignans, fatty acids, polycosanols, tocopherols, and sitosterols, have been reported in the leaves, seeds, roots, and aerial parts of P. frutescens. The bioactive constituents of P. frutescens exhibited different enzyme-inhibition properties, including antihyaluronidase effects and aldose reductase inhibitory, α-glucosidase inhibitory, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, and tyrosinase inhibitory properties. P. frutescens showed strong anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, anti-spasmodic, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, insecticidal, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. Hence, the active constituents of P. frutescens used in the treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy), prevention of hyperuricemia in gout patients, hyper pigmentation, allergic conditions, skin inflammation, skin allergy, atopic dermatitis, periodontosis, androgenic alopecia, gastric inflammation, oesophagitis, carcinogenesis, cardiovascular, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and cerebral ischemic disorders. Furthermore, we revealed the most active constituents and possible mechanisms of the pharmacological properties of P. frutescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (V.R.N.); (H.Z.); (H.L.)
- Jinzhong Institute of Industrial Technology and Innovation, North University of China, Jinzhong 030600, China
- Correspondence: or (T.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Vasudeva Reddy Netala
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (V.R.N.); (H.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongjiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (V.R.N.); (H.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Yun Xing
- Graduate School of Humanities, Nagoya University, Nagoya 4648601, Japan;
| | - Huizhen Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (V.R.N.); (H.Z.); (H.L.)
- Jinzhong Institute of Industrial Technology and Innovation, North University of China, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (V.R.N.); (H.Z.); (H.L.)
- Jinzhong Institute of Industrial Technology and Innovation, North University of China, Jinzhong 030600, China
- Correspondence: or (T.H.); (Z.Z.)
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ROS as Regulators of Cellular Processes in Melanoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1208690. [PMID: 34725562 PMCID: PMC8557056 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1208690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we examine the multiple roles of ROS in the pathogenesis of melanoma, focusing on signal transduction and regulation of gene expression. In recent years, different studies have analyzed the dual role of ROS in regulating the redox system, with both negative and positive consequences on human health, depending on cell concentration of these agents. High ROS levels can result from an altered balance between oxidant generation and intracellular antioxidant activity and can produce harmful effects. In contrast, low amounts of ROS are considered beneficial, since they trigger signaling pathways involved in physiological activities and programmed cell death, with protective effects against melanoma. Here, we examine these beneficial roles, which could have interesting implications in melanoma treatment.
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Di Martile M, Garzoli S, Ragno R, Del Bufalo D. Essential Oils and Their Main Chemical Components: The Past 20 Years of Preclinical Studies in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092650. [PMID: 32948083 PMCID: PMC7565555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the last years, targeted therapy and immunotherapy modified the landscape for metastatic melanoma treatment. These therapeutic approaches led to an impressive improvement in patients overall survival. Unfortunately, the emergence of drug resistance and side effects occurring during therapy strongly limit the long-term efficacy of such treatments. Several preclinical studies demonstrate the efficacy of essential oils as antitumoral agents, and clinical trials support their use to reduce side effects emerging during therapy. In this review we have summarized studies describing the molecular mechanism through which essential oils induce in vitro and in vivo cell death in melanoma models. We also pointed to clinical trials investigating the use of essential oils in reducing the side effects experienced by cancer patients or those undergoing anticancer therapy. From this review emerged that further studies are necessary to validate the effectiveness of essential oils for the management of melanoma. Abstract The last two decades have seen the development of effective therapies, which have saved the lives of a large number of melanoma patients. However, therapeutic options are still limited for patients without BRAF mutations or in relapse from current treatments, and severe side effects often occur during therapy. Thus, additional insights to improve treatment efficacy with the aim to decrease the likelihood of chemoresistance, as well as reducing side effects of current therapies, are required. Natural products offer great opportunities for the discovery of antineoplastic drugs, and still represent a useful source of novel molecules. Among them, essential oils, representing the volatile fraction of aromatic plants, are always being actively investigated by several research groups and show promising biological activities for their use as complementary or alternative medicine for several diseases, including cancer. In this review, we focused on studies reporting the mechanism through which essential oils exert antitumor action in preclinical wild type or mutant BRAF melanoma models. We also discussed the latest use of essential oils in improving cancer patients’ quality of life. As evidenced by the many studies listed in this review, through their effect on apoptosis and tumor progression-associated properties, essential oils can therefore be considered as potential natural pharmaceutical resources for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Di Martile
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.M.); (D.D.B.); Tel.: +39-0652666891 (M.D.M.); +39-0652662575 (D.D.B.)
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.G.); (R.R.)
| | - Rino Ragno
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.G.); (R.R.)
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.M.); (D.D.B.); Tel.: +39-0652666891 (M.D.M.); +39-0652662575 (D.D.B.)
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Shi Y, Li Q, Sun F, Zhu C, Ma S, Qin D, Li Q, Li T. Lamprey PHB2 maintains mitochondrial stability by tanslocation to the mitochondria under oxidative stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:613-621. [PMID: 32592929 PMCID: PMC7311904 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Before we have reported lamprey PHB2 could enhance the cellular oxidative-stressed tolerance, here the aim was to explore its mechanisms. We used flow cytometry analysis to identify a Lampetra morii homologue of PHB2 (Lm-PHB2) that could significantly decrease the levels of ROS generation in HEK293T cells. According to confocal microscopy observations, Lm-PHB2 contributed to maintain the mitochondrial morphology of HEK293T cells, and then both cellular nuclear location and translocation from the nucleus to mitochondria of Lm-PHB2 were also examined in HEK293T cells under oxidative stress. We also examined the expressions and locations of various Lm-PHB2 deletion mutants and the amino acid mutant by confocal microscopy and the results showed that the translocation of Lm-PHB2 into mitochondria was dependent on the Lm-PHB21-50aa region and the 17th, 48th and 57th three arginines (R) of N-terminal were very critical. In addition, the analyses of QRT-PCR and Western blot demonstrated that Lm-PHB2 increased the expression levels of OPA1 and HAX1 in HEK293T cells treated with H2O2. The analyses of immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation showed that Lm-PHB2 could interact with OPA1 and HAX1, respectively. The above mentioned results indicate that Lm-PHB2 could assist OPA1 and HAX1 to maintain mitochondrial morphology and decrease ROS levels by the translocation from the nucleus to mitochondria under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China
| | - Feng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Chenyue Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Sainan Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Di Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Tiesong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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Won YS, Seo KI. Sanggenol L promotes apoptotic cell death in melanoma skin cancer cells through activation of caspase cascades and apoptosis-inducing factor. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138:111221. [PMID: 32084496 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sanggenol L is one component of root bark of Morus alba. The molecular and cellular mechanisms of sanggenol L effects on melanoma cells are not well known. Recently, melanoma is the most common skin cancer with a high mortality rate not only in United States, but also in East Asia. Therefore, safe and effective treatments for melanoma treatment are required. In this study, we investigated whether or not sanggenol L possesses anti-cancer activity in human and mouse melanoma skin cancer cells. Sanggenol L treatment exerted significant cell growth inhibitory effects and inhibited colony formation capacity against B16, SK-MEL-2, and SK-MEL-28 melanoma skin cancer cells, whereas HaCaT human epithelial keratinocyte cells was unaffected by sanggenol L treatment. Sanggenol L treatment resulted in apoptotic cell death in melanoma skin cancer cells, which was characterized by accumulation of apoptotic cells, nuclear condensation, and apoptotic bodies. We also showed that sanggenol L treatment induced caspase-dependent apoptosis (up-regulation of Bax and cleaved-PARP or down-regulation of Bid, Bcl-2, procaspse-3, -8, and -9), induction of caspase-independent apoptosis (up-regulation of AIF and Endo G on cytosol) in melanoma skin cancer cells. These results suggest that sanggenol L induces caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis in melanoma skin cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Seon Won
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Il Seo
- Department of Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Recent advances in α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds as mitochondrial toxins. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111687. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Ailanthone Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Melanoma B16 and A375 Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9070275. [PMID: 31336757 PMCID: PMC6681521 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most lethal type of skin cancer. Previous studies have shown that ailanthone has potent antitumor activity in a variety of cell lines. However, the anti-tumor effect of ailanthone on malignant melanoma remains unclear. To investigate the anti-tumor mechanisms of ailanthone in human melanoma B16 and mouse melanoma A375 cells, the cell counting kit-8 assay, colony formation assay, DNA content analysis, Hoechst 33258, and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining were used to assess cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and cell apoptosis, respectively. Western blotting was performed to evaluate the expression of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related proteins and regulatory molecules. The results showed that ailanthone significantly inhibited melanoma B16 and A375 cell proliferation as well as remarkably induced cell cycle arrest at the G0–G1 phase in B16 cells and the G2–M phase in A375 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Further investigation revealed that ailanthone promoted the expression of p21 and suppressed the expression of cyclin E in B16 cells or cyclin B in A375 cells through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In addition, ailanthone induced B16 and A375 cell apoptosis via a caspase-dependent mechanism. Further studies showed that ailanthone remarkably downregulated Bcl-2 and upregulated Apaf-1 and Bax, and subsequently increased mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and released cytochrome c from the mitochondria in B16 cells and A375 cells. Taken together, ailanthone induces cell cycle arrest via the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway as well as cell apoptosis via the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway. Ailanthone may be potentially utilized as an anti-tumor agent in the management of malignant melanoma.
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13
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Byun EB, Kim HM, Song HY, Kim WS. Hesperidin structurally modified by gamma irradiation induces apoptosis in murine melanoma B16BL6 cells and inhibits both subcutaneous tumor growth and metastasis in C57BL/6 mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 127:19-30. [PMID: 30844437 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hesperidin is a flavonoid which occurs in citrus fruits. Hesperidin was gamma-irradiated at doses of 0, 30, 70, and 150 kGy. Gamma irradiation induced a decreased hesperidin peak, and a new radiolytic peak that gradually increased up to 150 kGy. The new radiolytic peak was fractionated, and the fractionated hesperidin derivative was used for subsequent experiments. Hesperidin gamma-irradiated at 150 kGy was toxic toward B16BL6 cells, but not toward bone marrow-derived macrophages. This cytotoxicity was exerted via induction of apoptosis, as reflected by the high population of double-positive cells, increased sub-G1 phase cells, depolarization of matrix metalloproteinase, production of reactive oxygen species, weakness of cell adhesion, changes in cell morphology, and inhibition of B16BL6 cell migration. Furthermore, 150 kGy gamma-irradiated hesperidin decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and pro-caspases-3 and -9, increased the expression of Bax and cytosolic cytochrome c, and increased the cleavage of poly ADP ribose polymerase. In vitro mechanistic study revealed that 150 kGy gamma-irradiated hesperidin achieved significantly greater inhibition of lung metastasis and growth of melanoma B16BL6 cells in C57BL/6 mice than non-irradiated intact hesperidin did. These results suggest that the structural modification of hesperidin induced by gamma irradiation could facilitate the development of anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Baek Byun
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Min Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea; Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Yeon Song
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sik Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
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14
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Handali S, Moghimipour E, Rezaei M, Ramezani Z, Kouchak M, Amini M, Angali KA, Saremy S, Dorkoosh FA. A novel 5-Fluorouracil targeted delivery to colon cancer using folic acid conjugated liposomes. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1259-1273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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15
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Baldivia DDS, Leite DF, Castro DTHD, Campos JF, Santos UPD, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Carollo CA, Silva DB, de Picoli Souza K, Dos Santos EL. Evaluation of In Vitro Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties of the Aqueous Extract from the Stem Bark of Stryphnodendron adstringens. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082432. [PMID: 30126115 PMCID: PMC6121951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (Fabaceae) is a tree species native to the Brazilian Cerrado commonly known as barbatimão. In traditional medicine, decoctions or infusions of the stem bark of this plant are used in the treatment of several diseases. The objective of this study was to analyze the chemical composition of Stryphnodendron adstringens aqueous extracts (SAAE) prepared from the stem bark to assess their antioxidant activity and anticancer effects as well as characterize cell death mechanisms against murine B16F10Nex-2 melanoma cells. From the SAAE, gallic acid, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, dimeric and trimeric proanthocyanidins mainly composed of prodelphinidin units and the isomeric chromones C-hexosyl- and O-pentosyl-5,7-dihydroxychromone were identified. The SAAE showed antioxidant activity through direct free-radical scavenging as well as through oxidative hemolysis and lipid peroxidation inhibition in human erythrocytes. Furthermore, SAAE promoted apoptosis-induced cell death in melanoma cells by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, inducing mitochondrial membrane potential dysfunction and activating caspase-3. Together, these data show the antioxidant and anticancer effects of Stryphnodendron adstringens. These results open new perspectives for studies against other tumor cell lines and in vivo models as well as for the identification and isolation of the chemical constituents responsible for these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora da Silva Baldivia
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism (GEBBAM), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados Itahum, Km 12, CEP: 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Ferreira Leite
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism (GEBBAM), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados Itahum, Km 12, CEP: 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - David Tsuyoshi Hiramatsu de Castro
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism (GEBBAM), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados Itahum, Km 12, CEP: 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline Ferreira Campos
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism (GEBBAM), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados Itahum, Km 12, CEP: 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Uilson Pereira Dos Santos
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism (GEBBAM), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados Itahum, Km 12, CEP: 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | | | - Carlos Alexandre Carollo
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, University City, s/n, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, University City, s/n, 79070-900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | - Kely de Picoli Souza
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism (GEBBAM), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados Itahum, Km 12, CEP: 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Edson Lucas Dos Santos
- Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism (GEBBAM), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados Itahum, Km 12, CEP: 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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Wang X, Yao X, Fan S, Xiang C, Liu R, Feng J, Huang J, Liu S. A LY-15, a novel cyclic pentapeptide that inhibits B16 cell proliferation and migration and induces cell apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5887-5892. [PMID: 29552219 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is highly resistant to most traditional treatments; therefore, its incidence and mortality rates are rapidly increasing. The effect of a novel sansalvamide A analogue named LY-15 on the growth and induction of apoptosis in B16 cancer cells was investigated in vitro. The inhibitory effects of LY-15 on B16 cells occurred in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The B16 cells were cultured in various concentrations of LY-15 (5, 15 and 25 µM), and the ameliorating effect of LY-15 was evaluated using apoptotic protein markers B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), caspase-3 and caspase-9. Furthermore, LY-15 effectively inhibited the B16 cell migration, increased the expressions levels of caspase-3, caspase-9 and the pro-apoptotic Bax, and reduced that of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. These findings suggested that LY-15 is a promising chemotherapeutic agent against melanoma by inducing apoptosis through the mitochondrial-associated death pathway. In addition, sansalvamide A analogue LY-15 may a significant therapeutic target for the treatment of malignant melanoma cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P.R. China
| | - Xiangli Yao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P.R. China
| | - Shiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P.R. China
| | - Chenshuang Xiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P.R. China
| | - Runjiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P.R. China
| | - Juan Feng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P.R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P.R. China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drug, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, P.R. China
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17
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Jin CH, Park HC, So Y, Nam B, Han SN, Kim JB. Comparison of the Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide versus Ethanol Extracts from Leaves of Perilla frutescens Britt. Radiation Mutant. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020311. [PMID: 28218690 PMCID: PMC6155756 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to compare supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and ethanol extraction for isoegomaketone (IK) content in perilla leaf extracts and to identify the optimal method. We measured the IK concentration using HPLC and inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells from the extracts. The IK concentration was 10-fold higher in perilla leaf extracts by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE) compared with that in perilla leaf extracts by ethanol extraction (EE). When the extracts were treated in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells at 25 µg/mL, the SFE inhibited the expression of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleutkin-6 (IL-6), interferon-β (IFN-β), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) to a much greater extent compared with EE. Taken together, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is considered the optimal process for obtaining high IK content and anti-inflammatory activities in leaf extracts from the P. frutescens Britt. radiation mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Jin
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea.
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Han Chul Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea.
| | - Yangkang So
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea.
| | - Bomi Nam
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea.
| | - Sung Nim Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Jin-Baek Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea.
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Betulinic Acid Induces Apoptosis in Differentiated PC12 Cells Via ROS-Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1130-1140. [PMID: 28124213 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpene of natural origin, has been demonstrated to have varied biologic activities including anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-malarial effects; it has also been found to induce apoptosis in many types of cancer. However, little is known about the effect of BA on normal cells. In this study, the effects of BA on normal neuronal cell apoptosis and the mechanisms involved were studied using differentiated PC12 cells as a model. Treatment with 50 μM BA for 24 h apparently induced PC12 cell apoptosis. In the early stage of apoptosis, the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased. Afterwards, the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspase-3 occurred. Treatment with antioxidants could significantly reduce BA-induced PC12 cell apoptosis. In conclusion, we report for the first time that BA induced the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in differentiated PC12 cells through ROS.
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Lin JJ, Hsu SC, Lu KW, Ma YS, Wu CC, Lu HF, Chen JC, Lin JG, Wu PP, Chung JG. Alpha-phellandrene-induced apoptosis in mice leukemia WEHI-3 cells in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1640-1651. [PMID: 26174008 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although reports have shown that α-phellandrene (α-PA) is one of the monoterpenes and is often used in the food and perfume industry, our previous studies have indicated that α-PA promoted immune responses in normal mice in vivo. However, there is no available information to show that α-PA induced cell apoptosis in cancer cells, thus, we investigated the effects of α-PA on the cell morphology, viability, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis in mice leukemia WEHI-3 cells in vitro. Results indicated that α-PA induced cell morphological changes and decreased viability, induced G0/G1 arrest and sub-G1 phase (apoptosis) in WEHI-3 cells. α-PA increased the productions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ and decreased the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm ) in dose- and time-dependent manners in WEHI-3 cells that were analyzed by flow cytometer. Results from confocal laser microscopic system examinations show that α-PA promoted the release of cytochrome c, AIF, and Endo G from mitochondria in WEHI-3 cells. These results are the first findings to provide new information for understanding the mechanisms by which α-PA induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in WEHI-3 cells in vitro. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1640-1651, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Jyh Lin
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Wen Lu
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 84001, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, 711, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Chyun Chen
- Department of Medicinal Botany and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, 51591, Taiwan
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ping Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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20
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Jin CH, So YK, Han SN, Kim JB. Isoegomaketone Upregulates Heme Oxygenase-1 in RAW264.7 Cells via ROS/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 Pathway. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:510-6. [PMID: 27582555 PMCID: PMC5012876 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoegomaketone (IK) was isolated from Perilla frutescens, which has been widely used as a food in Asian cuisine, and evaluated for its biological activity. We have already confirmed that IK induced the HO-1 expression via Nrf2 activation in RAW264.7 cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of IK on the mechanism of HO-1 expression. IK upregulated HO-1 mRNA and protein expression in a dose dependent manner. The level of HO-1 mRNA peaked at 4 h after 15 μM IK treatment. To investigate the mechanisms of HO-1 expression modulation by IK, we used pharmacological inhibitors for the protein kinase C (PKC) family, PI3K, and p38 MAPK. IK-induced HO-1 mRNA expression was only suppressed by SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK. ROS scavengers (N-acetyl-L-cysteine, NAC, and glutathione, GSH) also blocked the IK-induced ROS production and HO-1 expression. Furthermore, both NAC and SB203580 suppressed the IK-induced Nrf2 activation. In addition, ROS scavengers suppressed other oxidative enzymes such as catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and NADH quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1) in IK-treated RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, it can be concluded that IK induced the HO-1 expression through the ROS/p38 MAPK/ Nrf2 pathway in RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Jin
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Kang So
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Nim Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Baek Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
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Anantharaman A, Hemachandran H, Mohan S, Manikoth Ayyathan D, D TK, C GPD, Siva R. Induction of apoptosis by apocarotenoids in B16 melanoma cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial-dependent pathway. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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