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Huang HT, Lo IW, Lin YC, Geng-You L, Lin YS, Zhang LJ, Li TL, Liaw CC, Kuo YH. Kaguacidine A: a novel spirohydantoin-containing cucurbitane glycoside from vines of Momordica charantia L. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:2179-2186. [PMID: 36606546 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2164278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The spirohydantoin-containing cucurbitane-type triterpenoid, kaguacidine A (1), was isolated and purified from 95% ethanol extract of vines of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae). Its unprecedented chemical structure, a spirohydantoin substituent at C-23 of cucurbitane, was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including HRESIMS, IR, optical rotation, 1 D- and 2 D-NMR spectra. The possible biosynthetic pathway is deduced and may be attributed to the metabolic activity of microbial symbionts in M. charantia L. Compound 1 was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity against LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells and anti-proliferative activity against four cancer cell lines, including HEp-2, MCF-7, Hep-G2, and WiDr. Compound 1 showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity with an IC50 value of 18.5 ± 0.4 μg/mL and weak anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7, HEp-2, Hep-G2, and WiDr with IC50 values of >40, 33.8 ± 0.6, 31.0 ± 0.7, and 27.0 ± 0.7 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Tse Huang
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Lo
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Lin
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liao Geng-You
- School of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Sheng Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jie Zhang
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Liaw
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Haur Kuo
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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2
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Deng Y, Liu G, Zhang H, Zhou P, Tang X, Li P, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wei Z, Zhang M. Effects of wall materials on the physicochemical properties of spray-dried bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) powders. NPJ Sci Food 2024; 8:37. [PMID: 38902297 PMCID: PMC11190200 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Bitter gourd has numerous health-promoting effects on the human body. However, its use has been greatly limited due to its poor acceptance by consumers, resulting from its strong bitterness. This study investigated the effects of five wall materials, namely, soybean protein isolate, gum arabic, maltodextrin, resistant starch, and a soybean lecithin calcium caseinate mixture, on the physicochemical properties of spray-dried bitter gourd powders. The results showed that all five wall materials reduced the moisture content, water activity, browning degree, agglomeration, and bitterness of the spray-dried bitter gourd powder. Maltodextrin was found to be the most effective at reducing water activity, while soybean protein isolate was best at protecting the colour, and the soybean lecithin calcium caseinate mixture was best at reducing hygroscopicity and masking bitterness. Additionally, all five wall materials improved the preservation of flavonoids, saponins, and vitamin C, with soybean protein isolate being the most effective in improving the total flavonoid retention ratio and the soybean lecithin calcium caseinate mixture being the best in improving the retention ratios of total saponins and vitamin C. The spray-dried bitter gourd powder prepared with soybean protein isolate had the highest antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. These results are significant for understanding the relationship between wall materials and the physicochemical properties of spray-dried powder. Additionally, these materials provide bitter gourd product manufacturers with useful guidance for producing high-quality products. Furthermore, the results could provide useful insights for processing fruits with similar product characteristics, thus contributing to the enrichment of food processing knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Deng
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Guang Liu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Ping Li
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Zhihao Zhao
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Zhangying Wang
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhencheng Wei
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China.
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China.
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Romo-Tovar J, Belmares Cerda R, Chávez-González ML, Rodríguez-Jasso RM, Lozano-Sepulveda SA, Govea-Salas M, Loredo-Treviño A. Importance of Certain Varieties of Cucurbits in Enhancing Health: A Review. Foods 2024; 13:1142. [PMID: 38672815 PMCID: PMC11048896 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Cucurbitaceae family is an extensive group of fruits and vegetables that exhibit common characteristics; for example, they are farmed on a global scale and exhibit a wide range of applications, including fresh consumption and use in various food and beverage products. As is frequent, many species or genera share a common name, and this can lead to some confusion when looking for information about a specific variety. In this review, we describe the findings about the biological activity, like antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties, of two genera of this family, Cucumis and Momordica, which have been characterized and evaluated in several research studies and regarding which information is readily accessible. Those activities rely on the various physicochemical qualities and nutritional content of each variety, including factors like β-carotene and polyphenols, among others. The goal of this review is to provide a rapid search for each activity examined in the literature, enabling future research on their potential uses in functional foods and nutraceutical supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Romo-Tovar
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Mexico; (J.R.-T.); (R.B.C.); (M.L.C.-G.); (R.M.R.-J.); (M.G.-S.)
| | - Ruth Belmares Cerda
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Mexico; (J.R.-T.); (R.B.C.); (M.L.C.-G.); (R.M.R.-J.); (M.G.-S.)
| | - Mónica L. Chávez-González
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Mexico; (J.R.-T.); (R.B.C.); (M.L.C.-G.); (R.M.R.-J.); (M.G.-S.)
| | - Rosa M. Rodríguez-Jasso
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Mexico; (J.R.-T.); (R.B.C.); (M.L.C.-G.); (R.M.R.-J.); (M.G.-S.)
| | - Sonia A. Lozano-Sepulveda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Mayela Govea-Salas
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Mexico; (J.R.-T.); (R.B.C.); (M.L.C.-G.); (R.M.R.-J.); (M.G.-S.)
| | - Araceli Loredo-Treviño
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Mexico; (J.R.-T.); (R.B.C.); (M.L.C.-G.); (R.M.R.-J.); (M.G.-S.)
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Laczkó-Zöld E, Csupor-Löffler B, Kolcsár EB, Ferenci T, Nan M, Tóth B, Csupor D. The metabolic effect of Momordica charantia cannot be determined based on the available clinical evidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1200801. [PMID: 38274207 PMCID: PMC10808600 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1200801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae, bitter melon) has beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome (MetS) parameters and exerts antidiabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-obesity activities. Since the findings of these studies are contradictory, the goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of bitter melon in the treatment of metabolic syndrome, with special emphasis on the anti-diabetic effect. Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched for randomized controlled human trials (RCTs). The meta-analysis was reported according to the PRISMA statement. The primary outcomes of the review are body weight, BMI, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1c, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride, HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol levels. Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis with 414 patients in total and 4-16 weeks of follow-up. In case of the meta-analysis of change scores, no significant effect could be observed for bitter melon treatment over placebo on fasting blood glucose level (MD = -0.03; 95% CI: -0.38 to 0.31; I2 = 34%), HbA1c level (MD = -0.12; 95% CI: -0.35 to 0.11; I2 = 56%), HDL (MD = -0.04; 95% CI: -0.17 to 0.09; I2 = 66%), LDL (MD = -0.10; 95% CI: -0.28 to 0.08; I2 = 37%), total cholesterol (MD = -0.04; 95% CI: -0.17 to 0.09; I2 = 66%,), body weight (MD = -1.00; 95% CI: -2.59-0.59; I2 = 97%), BMI (MD = -0.42; 95% CI: -0.99-0.14; I2 = 95%), systolic blood pressure (MD = 1.01; 95% CI: -1.07-3.09; I2 = 0%) and diastolic blood pressure levels (MD = 0.24; 95% CI: -1.04-1.53; I2 = 0%). Momordica treatment was not associated with a notable change in ALT, AST, and creatinine levels compared to the placebo, which supports the safety of this plant. However, the power was overall low and the meta-analyzed studies were also too short to reliably detect long-term metabolic effects. This highlights the need for additional research into this plant in carefully planned clinical trials of longer duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Laczkó-Zöld
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Boglárka Csupor-Löffler
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Szentágothai Research Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Edina-Blanka Kolcsár
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Tamás Ferenci
- Physiological Controls Research Center, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Statistics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Monica Nan
- Pharmacy Department, Encompass Health Rehabilitation Hospital of Round Rock, Round Rock, TX, United States
| | - Barbara Tóth
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Szentágothai Research Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Brahma S, Goyal AK, Dhamodhar P, Kumari MR, Jayashree S, Usha T, Middha SK. Can Polyherbal Medicine be used for the Treatment of Diabetes? - A Review of Historical Classics, Research Evidence and Current Prevention Programs. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e140323214600. [PMID: 36918778 DOI: 10.2174/1573399819666230314093721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic medical condition, has attained a global pandemic status over the last few decades affecting millions of people. Despite a variety of synthetic drugs available in the market, the use of herbal medicines for managing diabetes is gaining importance because of being comparatively safer. This article reviews the result of a substantial literature search on polyherbal formulations (PHFs) developed and evaluated with potential for DM. The accumulated data in the literature allowed us to enlist 76PHFs consisting of different parts of 147 plant species belonging to 58 botanical families. The documented plant species are laden with bioactive components with anti-diabetic properties and thus draw attention. The most favoured ingredient for PHFs was leaves of Gymnema sylvestre and seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum used in 27 and 22 formulations, respectively. Apart from herbs, shilajit (exudates from high mountain rocks) formed an important component of 9 PHFs, whereas calcined Mytilus margaritiferus and goat pancreas were used in Dolabi, the most commonly used tablet form of PHF in Indian markets. The healing properties of PHFs against diabetes have been examined in both pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. However, the mechanism(s) of action of PHFs are still unclear and considered the pitfalls inherent in understanding the benefits of PHFs. From the information available based on experimental systems, it could be concluded that plant-derived medicines will have a considerable role to play in the control of diabetes provided the challenges related to their bioavailability, bioefficacy, optimal dose, lack of characterization, ambiguous mechanism of action, and clinical efficiency are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudem Brahma
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar-783370, BTR, Assam, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar-783370, BTR, Assam, India
| | - Prakash Dhamodhar
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangaluru-560054, Karnataka, India
| | - Mani Reema Kumari
- Department of Botany, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru-560012, Karnataka, India
| | - S Jayashree
- School of Allied Health Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Talambedu Usha
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru-560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Middha
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru-560012, Karnataka, India
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Carvalho F, Lahlou RA, Pires P, Salgado M, Silva LR. Natural Functional Beverages as an Approach to Manage Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16977. [PMID: 38069300 PMCID: PMC10707707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, commonly associated with unhealthy habits and obesity, and it is becoming a serious health issue worldwide. As a result, new approaches to treat diabetes are required, and a movement towards more natural approaches is emerging. Consuming fruit and vegetables is advised to prevent diabetes since they contain several bioactive compounds. A simple and effective strategy to include them in the diets of diabetic and obese people is through beverages. This review aims to report the anti-diabetic potentials of different vegetable and fruit beverages. These functional beverages demonstrated in vitro potential to inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes and to improve glucose uptake. In vivo, beverage consumption showed a reduction of blood glucose, increase of insulin tolerance, improvement of lipid profile, control of obesity, and reduction of oxidative stress. This suggests the potential of vegetable- and fruit-based functional beverages to be used as a natural innovative therapy for the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Carvalho
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (F.C.); (R.A.L.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Radhia Aitfella Lahlou
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (F.C.); (R.A.L.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Paula Pires
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (F.C.); (R.A.L.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Manuel Salgado
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (F.C.); (R.A.L.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (F.C.); (R.A.L.); (P.P.); (M.S.)
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- CIEPQPF—Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II—Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Anshika, Pandey RK, Singh L, Kumar S, Singh P, Pathak M, Jain S. Plant bioactive compounds and their mechanistic approaches in the treatment of diabetes: a review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00443-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing disease across the world; diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder in which blood glucose concentration level increases and continue for a prolonged period due to a decrease secretion of insulin or action, resulting in the disorder of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. The plant-related bioactive compounds have proven their efficacy with least toxicities and can be utilized for the disease treatment. Our objective is to elucidate the mechanism of action of plant bioactive compounds which can give future direction in diabetes treatment.
Main body
In this review paper, we briefly study more than 200 research papers related to disease and bioactive compounds that have therapeutic applicability in treatment. The plant contains many bio-active compounds which possess in vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic effect which may be responsible for the hypoglycaemic property by inhibiting the digestive enzyme i.e. alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, by producing mimetic action of insulin, by reducing the oxidative stress, by showing antihyperglycemic activity and hypolipidemic activity, by inhibition of aldose reductase, and by increasing or enhancing glucose uptake and insulin secretion.
Conclusion
Our study revealed that terpenes, tannin, flavonoids, saponin, and alkaloids are important bioactive constituents for anti-diabetic activity. The mechanistic approach on alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase, hypolipidemic activity, and AR inhibitory action clear-cut explain the therapeutic applicability of these bioactive compounds in disease. Plants that contain these bioactive compounds can be good drug candidates for future research on diabetes treatment.
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Chen Z, Luo J, Jia M, Chai Y, Bao Y. Polygonatum sibiricum saponin Exerts Beneficial Hypoglycemic Effects in Type 2 Diabetes Mice by Improving Hepatic Insulin Resistance and Glycogen Synthesis-Related Proteins. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245222. [PMID: 36558381 PMCID: PMC9786127 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a systemic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. Recently, it has become a significant threat to public health. Polygonatum sibiricum saponin (PSS) has potential hypoglycemic effects, but its specific mechanism needs further study. In this study, PSS significantly decreased the level of blood glucose, water intake, and the organ index in diabetic mice. Meanwhile, PSS effectively reduced the content of total triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the blood, and increased the content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). This suggests that PSS could reduce the content of blood lipids and initially improve the damage of hepatocytes. We found that PSS alleviated hepatic insulin resistance, repaired islet beta cells, and enabled insulin to play its biological role normally. It also improved oral glucose tolerance and abated serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in T2DM mice. Furthermore, studies have found that PSS increased the content of phosphorylated protein kinase B (AKT), thereby promoting the effect of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4), and activating glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3β) and glycogen synthase (GS) proteins to promote hepatic glycogen synthesis. Finally, we found that PSS could promote the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, reduce the growth of harmful bacteria such as Enterococcus and Enterobacter, and preliminarily improve the composition of important bacteria in the intestine. These studies indicate that PSS has an excellent hypoglycemic effect, which provides a potential new treatment for T2DM and guidance for more in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefu Chen
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiayuan Luo
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Mingjie Jia
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yangyang Chai
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Food Resources Utilization of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150040, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yihong Bao
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Food Resources Utilization of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150040, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (Y.B.)
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Zhou Q, Lei X, Fu S, Li Z, Chen Y, Long C, Li S, Chen Q. Efficacy of cinnamon supplementation on glycolipid metabolism in T2DM diabetes: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Front Physiol 2022; 13:960580. [PMID: 36505061 PMCID: PMC9731104 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.960580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cinnamon is a spice used in cooking and in large quantities as a medical complement with hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering properties. The potential pharmacological mechanisms underlying cinnamon's anti-diabetic properties and its active ingredients have not been adequately determined. The current meta-analysis aims to systematically review the potential pharmacological mechanisms underlying the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic efficacy of cinnamon administration and summarize clinical recommendations of cinnamon and its active ingredients. Method: Relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were identified through a literature search that spanned the years January 2005 to April 2022. Retrieve electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Library. To obtain standardized mean differences (SMDs), continuous outcomes were pooled and 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs) were provided. Categorical outcomes were aggregated to calculate relative risks (RRs) and were accompanied by 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was measured using the Cochrane Q-test and I2 statistics, with a p < 0.05 considered as substantial heterogeneity. If I2 was less than 50%, a fixed effect model was employed; otherwise, a random effect model was used. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to identify the origins of heterogeneity. Publication bias was retrieved by means of a funnel-plot analysis and Egger's test. The data were analyzed using revman (V.5.3) and stata (V.15) software packages. Results: These 16 RCTs included a total of 1,020 patients who were followed for a duration ranging from 40 days to 4 months. According to the current meta-analysis results, glycolipid levels in diabetic individuals who received cinnamon were significantly improved as compared to those who got placebo (All p < 0.05). An adverse effect was only detected in one patient. Conclusion: These findings imply that cinnamon has a significant influence on lipid and glucose metabolism regulation. An even more pronounced effect was observed in patients with HbA1c of 8%. The results of this study suggested that cinnamon may be utilized as hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering supplement in clinical settings with a guaranteed safety profile.Systematic Review Registration: [PROSPERO], identifier [CRD42022322735].
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Liu YH, Lu YL, Chang YC, Chyuan JH, Lee TH, Hou WC. Anti-adipogenic activities of pheophorbide a and pyropheophorbide a isolated from wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviata Seringe) in vitro. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:6771-6779. [PMID: 35638177 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The wild bitter gourd (WBG) is a commonly consumed vegetable in Asia that has antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-adipogenic activities of isolated compounds from WBG on 8-day differentiated cultures of 3 T3-L1 adipocytes that were then stained with Oil Red O (ORO) or diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). RESULTS ORO stains of the methanol extracts of de-seeded HM86 cultivar of WBG (WBG-M) and the ethyl acetate fractions (WBG-M-EA) showed anti-adipogenic activities against differentiated adipocytes. Two chlorophyll-degraded compounds, pheophorbide a (1) and pyropheophorbide a (2), were isolated from WBG-M-EA. Treatments with 1 (5, 10, and 20 μmol L-1 ) and 2 (2.5, 5, and 10 μmol L-1 ) showed dose-dependent reductions in lipid accumulations and reduced nuclear DAPI stains in differentiated 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. The concentrations for 50% inhibition against lipid accumulations of 1 and 2, respectively, were 16.05 and 7.04 μmol L-1 . Treatments with 1 and 2 showed enhanced lactate dehydrogenase release in the first 4-day cell mitotic clonal expansions during the differentiating cultural processes, although the effect was less on the non-differentiating cultural processes. Thus, 1 and 2 were more toxic to differentiating adipocytes than to non-differentiated pre-adipocytes, which partly resulted in anti-adipogenic activities with lowered lipid accumulations. CONCLUSION Both 1 and 2 showed anti-adipogenic activities in cell models. These chlorophyll-degraded compounds commonly exist in several vegetables during storage or edible seaweeds, which will provide resources for further investigations aiming to test anti-obesity in animal studies. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Hwa Liu
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeh-Lin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chih Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Ho Chyuan
- Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Huei Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Hou
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Prasopthum A, Insawek T, Pouyfung P. Herbal medicine use in Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with glycemic control: A cross-sectional evaluation. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10790. [PMID: 36212012 PMCID: PMC9535297 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Herbal medicine has been integrated into Thai culture for many centuries. However, studies on using herbal medicine in combination with antidiabetic agents for glycemic control in managing diabetes are limited. Herein, we aimed to assess the use of herbal medicines with different dosages of antidiabetic agents and their association with glycemic control in Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods This hospital-based study included 739 patients with T2DM who consecutively visited four district hospitals in Thailand. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect patient-specific information, including hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations and predictors, respectively. Results The prevalence of herbal medicine use was 37.5% (n = 264); 70.5% of the patients received information about herbal medicine usage for glycemic control from their relatives and friends, and 21 herbal plants were consumed in combination with their prescribed antidiabetic drugs. The use of herbal medicine was associated with the patients’ educational level (p = 0.001), income (p < 0.001), and duration of diabetes (p < 0.001). Good glycemic control (HbA1c < 7.0%) was associated with the use of bitter gourd in combination with 500 mg/day of the antidiabetic drug metformin (adjusted odds ratio = 8.33, 95% confidence interval = 1.04–66.49, p = 0.046). These patients were 2.92 times more likely to have good glycemic control than those who relied solely on 500 mg/day of metformin (adjusted OR = 2.921, 95% CI = 1.227–6.952, p = 0.015). Conclusions The prevalence of herbal plant use was associated with different variables, including age, BMI, T2DM duration, and metformin dosage. Among the 21 herbal plants, the consumption of bitter gourd with 500 mg/day of metformin was associated with good glycemic control.
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Lee JJ, Yoon KY. Ultrasound-Assisted Extractions for Improving the Recovery of Phenolics and Charantin from Bitter Melon and for Increasing the Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Anti-Obesity Activities of Its Extracts. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/149434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Liaw CC, Lo IW, Lin YC, Huang HT, Zhang LJ, Hsiao PC, Li TL, Kuo YH. Four cucurbitane glycosides taimordisins A–D with novel furopyranone skeletons isolated from the fruits of Momordica charantia. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100286. [PMID: 35330883 PMCID: PMC8938282 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new cucurbitane-type triterpenoids glycosides were isolated from the fresh fruit of Momordica charantia and determined by NMR, HRESIMS, and biosynthesis. Taimordisins A and B possess rare bicyclic-fused and trifuso-centro-fused ring systems at side chain of the cucurbitane-type triterpenoids at the first time. Taimordisins A-D showed the inhibition of NO production by LPS-stimulated in RAW264.7 macrophage cells.
Four novel triterpene glycosides, taimordisins A–D (1–4), were discovered from fresh fruits of Taiwanese Momordica charantia. The chemical framework and relative stereochemistry of these four natural products were isolated, purified, and determined by using various separation and spectroscopy techniques. Each of them features a unique bicyclic-fused or trifuso-centro-fused ring system. Notably, 1 and 2 are cucurbitane-based compounds possessing a new C-24 and C-2″ carbon–carbon linkage with 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one and 6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-4H-pyran-3,4,4-triol units, respectively, and represented an unprecedented molecular skeleton. In terms of biosynthesis, they all originate from a common precursor 3-hydroxycucurbita-5,24-dien-19-al-7,23-di-O-β-glucopyranoside. Of two sugar moieties, the one at 23-O-β-glucopyranoside grants each individual congener uniqueness likely through microbial symbiont-mediated intramolecular transformation into two major types of furo[2,3-b]pyranone and furo[3,2-c]pyranone derivatives. These new products possess desirable anti-inflammatory biological activities in addition to being generally regarded as safe.
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Sun W, Zhang Y, Jia L. Polysaccharides from Agrocybe cylindracea residue alleviate type 2-diabetes-induced liver and colon injuries by p38 MAPK signaling pathway. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Tung YT, Zeng JL, Ho ST, Xu JW, Lin IH, Wu JH. Djulis Hull Improves Insulin Resistance and Modulates the Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Hyperglycaemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:45. [PMID: 35052549 PMCID: PMC8772896 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we annotated the major flavonoid glycoside, rutin, of djulis hull crude extract using a Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) library and its MS/MS spectra. To evaluate the protective effect of djulis hull crude extract and rutin on glucose tolerance, we fed mice a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks to induce hyperglycaemia. These results showed that crude extract significantly decreased HFD-induced elevation in the area under the curve (AUC) of weekly random blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), and advanced glycation end product (AGE) levels, and significantly increased pIRS1 and Glut4 protein expression in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and liver. Furthermore, the HFD-induced reduction in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) was reversed by crude extract. In addition, ZO-1 and occludin protein expression in the colon was markedly downregulated in HFD-fed mice, resulting in decreased intestinal permeability and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation, but were restored following crude extract. Moreover, the crude extract intervention had a profound effect on the alpha diversity and microbial community in the gut microbiota. Therefore, djulis hull crude extract could improve blood glucose and increase insulin receptor sensitivity in HFD-induced hyperglycaemia, which is likely due to its modulation of the gut microbiota, preservation of the integrity of the intestinal barrier to reduce body inflammation, increased antioxidant activity, and modulation of insulin signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Lan Zeng
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.-L.Z.); (J.-W.X.)
| | - Shang-Tse Ho
- Department of Wood Based Materials and Design, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan;
| | - Jin-Wei Xu
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.-L.Z.); (J.-W.X.)
| | - I-Hsuan Lin
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Wu
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.-L.Z.); (J.-W.X.)
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Xu T, Li G, Wang X, Lv C, Tian Y. Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide ameliorates serum profiling in STZ-induced diabetic mice model. BMC Chem 2021; 15:64. [PMID: 34920751 PMCID: PMC8684258 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-021-00789-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease mainly caused by the disorder of metabolism, which has become huge threat to human health. Polysaccharides are the main active substance from Inonotus obliquus (I. obliquus) with hypoglycemic effect. This study aims to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity and investigate the molecular mechanism of I. obliquus polysaccharide (IOP) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice using metabolomics based on UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS method. RESULTS The results showed that the oral administration of IOP in high dose (1.2 g/kg) can significantly reduce the blood glucose with 31% reduction comparing with the diabetic model and relieve dyslipidemia in diabetic mice. By UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS method and multivariate statistical analysis, a total of 15 differential metabolites were identified, including 4 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated biomarkers, of which L-tryptophan, L-leucine, uric acid, 12-HETE, arachidonic acid, PC(20:1(11Z)/14:1(9Z)) and SM(d18:0/24:1(15Z)) were exhibited an important variation, as the potential biomarkers in diabetes. Pathway analysis indicated that phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis and arachidonic acid metabolism were prone to interference in diabetes. Moreover, leucine and proline were reversed and phytosphingosine was further reduced in diabetic mice under the intervention of IOP. CONCLUSION IOP has predominant hyperglycemic effect on STZ-induced diabetic mice via ameliorating serum profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanye Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
- Pharmacy Department, The 967Th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, No. 80 Shengli Road, Xigang District, Dalian, 116021, Liaoning, China
| | - Guodao Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Pharmacy Department, The 967Th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, No. 80 Shengli Road, Xigang District, Dalian, 116021, Liaoning, China.
| | - Chongning Lv
- Pharmacy Department, The 967Th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, No. 80 Shengli Road, Xigang District, Dalian, 116021, Liaoning, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanyong Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
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Physicochemical and Functional Characterization of Newly Designed Biopolymeric-Based Encapsulates with Probiotic Culture and Charantin. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112677. [PMID: 34828958 PMCID: PMC8620448 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of novel sources of synbiotic agents with desirable functionality is an emerging concept. In the present study, novel encapsulates containing probiotic L. acidophilus LA-05® (LA) and Charantin (CT) were produced by freeze-drying technique using pure Whey Protein Isolate (WPI), pure Maltodextrin (MD), and their combination (WPI + MD) in 1:1 core ratio, respectively. The obtained microparticles, namely WPI + LA + CT, MD + LA + CT, and WPI + MD + LA + CT were tested for their physicochemical properties. Among all formulations, combined carriers (WPI + MD) exhibited the highest encapsulation yields for LA (98%) and CT (75%). Microparticles showed a mean d (4, 3) ranging from 50.393 ± 1.26 to 68.412 ± 3.22 μm. The Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed uniformly amorphous and glass-like structures, with a noticeably reduced porosity when materials were combined. In addition, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy highlighted the formation of strong hydrogen bonds supporting the interactions between the carrier materials (WPI and MD) and CT. In addition, the thermal stability of the combined WPI + MD was superior to that of pure WPI and pure MD, as depicted by the Thermogravimetric and Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis. More interestingly, co-encapsulation with CT enhanced LA viability (8.91 ± 0.3 log CFU/g) and Cells Surface Hydrophobicity (82%) in vitro, in a prebiotic-like manner. Correspondingly, CT content was heightened when co-encapsulated with LA. Besides, WPI + MD + LA + CT microparticles exhibited higher antioxidant activity (79%), α-amylase inhibitory activity (83%), and lipase inhibitory activity (68%) than single carrier ones. Furthermore, LA viable count (7.95 ± 0.1 log CFU/g) and CT content (78%) were the highest in the blended carrier materials after 30 days of storage at 4 °C. Synbiotic microparticle WPI + MD + LA + CT represents an effective and promising approach for the co-delivery of probiotic culture and bioactive compounds in the digestive tract, with enhanced functionality and storage properties.
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Sharma S, Katoch V, Kumar S, Chatterjee S. Functional relationship of vegetable colors and bioactive compounds: Implications in human health. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 92:108615. [PMID: 33705954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables are essential protective diet ingredients that supply ample amounts of minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fiber, and various nutraceutical compounds for protection against various disease conditions. Color is the most important quality parameter for the farmers to access the harvest maturity while for the consumer's reliable indices to define acceptability or rejection. The colored vegetables contain functional compounds like chlorophylls, carotenoids, betalains, anthocyanins, etc. well recognized for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, neuroprotective, antiaging, diuretic, and antidiabetic properties. Recently, there has been a shift in food consumption patterns from processed to semi-processed or fresh fruits and vegetables to ensure a healthy disease-free life. This shifted the focus of agriculture scientists and food processors from food security to nutrition security. This has resulted in recent improvements to existing crops like blue tomato, orange cauliflower, colored and/or black carrots, with improved color, and thus enriched bioactive compounds. Exhaustive laboratory trials though are required to document and establish their minimum effective concentrations, bioavailability, and specific health benefits. Efforts should also be directed to breed color-rich cultivars or to improve the existing varieties through conventional and molecular breeding approaches. The present review has been devoted to a better understanding of vegetable colors with specific health benefits and to provide in-hand information about the effect of specific pigment on body organs, the effect of processing on their bioavailability, and recent improvements in colors to ensure a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sharma
- Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur-176062 (H.P.), India; MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan-173229 (H.P.), India.
| | - Viveka Katoch
- Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur-176062 (H.P.), India
| | - Satish Kumar
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag, Mandi, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, 173230 (H.P.), India
| | - Subhrajyoti Chatterjee
- Department of Horticulture, MSSSOA, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India
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The Effect of Momordica charantia in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3796265. [PMID: 33510802 PMCID: PMC7826218 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3796265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, many studies of Momordica charantia (MC) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications have been reported. This article reviewed the effect and mechanism of MC against diabetes, including the results from in vitro and in vivo experiments and clinical trials. The common side effects of MC were also summarized. We hope that it might open up new ideas for further mechanism exploration and clinical application as well as provide a scientific theoretical basis for the development of drugs or foods derived from MC.
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Busuioc AC, Botezatu AVD, Furdui B, Vinatoru C, Maggi F, Caprioli G, Dinica RM. Comparative Study of the Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant Activities of Fresh Juices from Romanian Cucurbitaceae Varieties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225468. [PMID: 33238389 PMCID: PMC7700580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitaceae is a family of health-promoting plants due to their compounds with beneficial effects. The aim of this study was to analyze, for the first time, the chemical composition, the antioxidant activity and the metal chelating properties of fruit juices obtained from four different species of the Cucurbitaceae family cultivated in Romania, namely Momordica charantia, Cucumis metuliferus, Benincasa hispida and Trichosanthes cucumerina. The samples of juice were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and all the four species displayed high levels of the two triterpenes, oleanolic and ursolic acids, and also in phenolic compounds, including catechin, (−)-epicatechin and gallic acid. The juices demonstrated significant antioxidant activity against the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (ranging from 20 to 95%,), a good iron binding ability (ranging from 7.45 ± 0.28% to 86.95 ± 0.97%) and also promising antioxidant potential against the ABTS radical (ranging from 4.97 to 32.60 μETx/mL juice). Our findings raise interesting questions for further research on Cucurbitaceae fruit juices and, consequently, their very good antioxidant potential suggests these fruits should be further explored for their protective effect against oxidative damage. This is the first time the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of fruit juices from these four Romanian Cucurbitaceae varieties have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cazanevscaia Busuioc
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (A.C.B.); (A.-V.D.B.)
| | - Andreea-Veronica Dediu Botezatu
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (A.C.B.); (A.-V.D.B.)
| | - Bianca Furdui
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (A.C.B.); (A.-V.D.B.)
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (R.-M.D.)
| | - Costel Vinatoru
- Buzău Vegetable Research and Development Station, 23, Mesteacănului Street, 120024 Buzau, Romania;
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (F.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (F.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Rodica-Mihaela Dinica
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (A.C.B.); (A.-V.D.B.)
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (R.-M.D.)
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Xia ZH, Zhang SY, Chen YS, Li K, Chen WB, Liu YQ. Curcumin anti-diabetic effect mainly correlates with its anti-apoptotic actions and PI3K/Akt signal pathway regulation in the liver. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111803. [PMID: 33035629 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of curcumin on type 2 diabetes and its underlying mechanisms. A type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model was established by providing high-fat diet and low doses of streptozotocin. Type 2 diabetes mellitus rats were treated with low dose and high dose of curcumin for 8 weeks. The results showed that high-dose curcumin significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate transaminase, liver coefficient, and malondialdehyde levels, and BCL2-Associated X expression in the type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. High-dose curcumin increased the levels of liver superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione; as well as the expression of liver B-cell lymphoma-2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase B, and phosphorylated protein kinase B in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. Furthermore, it ameliorated the histological structure of the liver and pancreas in diabetes mellitus model rats. However, low-dose curcumin had no significant effect on diabetes mellitus model rats. The results suggest that adequate doses of curcumin controls type 2 diabetes mellitus development as well as the mechanism involved in its anti-apoptotic actions and phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase/protein kinase B signal pathway regulation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hong Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Sai-Ya Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu-Si Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wen-Bo Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yan-Qiang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Semwal DK, Kumar A, Aswal S, Chauhan A, Semwal RB. Protective and therapeutic effects of natural products against diabetes mellitus via regenerating pancreatic β-cells and restoring their dysfunction. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1218-1229. [PMID: 32987447 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a growing public health concern and an increasing interest has been raised to search for new compounds with therapeutic effects on β-cells. There are chronic insulin resistance and loss of β-cell mass in the case of type-2 diabetes which covers about 90% of total diabetic patients. This work aims to critically review the protective and regenerative effects of various antidiabetic natural products on pancreatic β-cells. A thorough literature survey was conducted on the natural molecules and extracts having a protective, regenerative, and repairing effect on β-cells. The primary source of the literature was online scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Besides, selected relevant textbooks were also consulted. Various natural molecules including berberine, curcumin, mangiferin, stevioside and capsaicin, and extracts obtained from the plants like Capsicum annum, Gymnema sylvestre, Stevia rebaudiana and Nymphaea stellate, were found to produce regenerative and anti-apoptosis effects on β-cells. These natural products were also found to increase insulin secretion by stimulating β-cells. The present review concluded that a large number of molecules and extracts, abundantly found in nature, possess antidiabetic effect via targeting β-cells. Further research is warranted to use these agents as a drug against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Semwal
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Research and Development Centre, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sonali Aswal
- Research and Development Centre, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ashutosh Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ruchi Badoni Semwal
- Department of Chemistry, Pt. Lalit Mohan Sharma Government Postgraduate College, Rishikesh, India
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Peter EL, Nagendrappa PB, Kaligirwa A, Ogwang PE, Sesaazi CD. The safety and efficacy of Momordica charantia L. in animal models of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2020; 35:637-656. [PMID: 32929814 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic hyperglycemic condition due to progressively impaired glucose regulation. Momordica charantia L. could potentially improve hyperglycemia because its fruit extracts can alleviate insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction, and increase serum insulin level. We evaluated the effect of M. charantia L. in comparison with a vehicle on glycemic control in animal models of type 2 diabetes mellitus. MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched without language restriction through April 2019. About 66 studies involving 1861 animals that examined the effect of M. charantia L. on type 2 diabetes mellitus were included. Fruits and seed extracts reduced fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c in comparison to vehicle control: (42 studies, 815 animals; SMD, -6.86 [95% CI; -7.95, -5.77], 3 studies, 59 animals; SMD; -7.76 [95% CI; -12.50, -3.01]) respectively. Also, the extracts have hepato-renal protective effects at varying doses and duration of administration. Despite the observed significant glycemic control effect, poor methodological quality calls for future researches to focus on standardizing extract based on chemical markers and adopt measures to improve the quality of preclinical studies such as sample size calculation, randomization, and blinding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel L Peter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.,Department of Innovation, Technology Transfer & Commercialization, National Institute for Medical Research, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Prakash B Nagendrappa
- Centre for Local Health Traditions & Policy, Trans-Disciplinary University (TDU), Bengaluru, India
| | - Anita Kaligirwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Patrick Engeu Ogwang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Crispin Duncan Sesaazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Momordica charantia Suppresses Inflammation and Glycolysis in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated RAW264.7 Macrophages. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173783. [PMID: 32825228 PMCID: PMC7504525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation is a key event that triggers inflammatory response. The activation is accompanied by metabolic shift such as upregulated glucose metabolism. There are accumulating evidences showing the anti-inflammatory activity of Momordica charantia. However, the effects of M. charantia on inflammatory response and glucose metabolism in activated macrophages have not been fully established. The present study aimed to examine the effect of M. charantia in modulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and perturbed glucose metabolism in RAW264.7 murine macrophages. The results showed that LPS-induced NF-κB (p65) nuclear translocation was inhibited by M. charantia treatment. In addition, M. charantia was found to reduce the expression of inflammatory genes including IL6, TNF-α, IL1β, COX2, iNOS, and IL10 in LPS-treated macrophages. Furthermore, the data showed that M. charantia reduced the expression of GLUT1 and HK2 genes and lactate production (-28%), resulting in suppression of glycolysis. Notably, its effect on GLUT1 gene expression was found to be independent of LPS-induced inflammation. A further experiment also indicated that the bioactivities of M. charantia may be attributed to its key bioactive compound, charantin. Taken together, the study provided supporting evidences showing the potential of M. charantia for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Targeting type II diabetes with plant terpenes: the new and promising antidiabetic therapeutics. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bai X, Pei R, Lei W, Zhao M, Zhang J, Tian L, Shang J. Antidiabetic Effect of Artemether in Db/Db Mice Involves Regulation of AMPK and PI3K/Akt Pathways. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:568864. [PMID: 33101203 PMCID: PMC7545317 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.568864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional Chinese medicine has long been used in the treatment of diabetes, one major disease threatening the public health. It has been reported that artemether exerts antidiabetic effects on type 2 diabetes in db/db mice, however the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, we show that artemether regulates expression of related enzymes participating in the glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver of db/db mice, which could at least partly explain the improved glucose and lipid metabolism in artemether-treated mice. Additionally, artemether also regulates expression of glycogen synthesis related enzymes in the skeletal muscle of db/db mice, supporting its promotive role in glycogen synthesis. Mechanistically, artemether activates AMPK pathway as well as PI3K/Akt pathway in the liver and skeletal muscle of db/db mice, suggesting that these two signaling pathways are both involved in the antidiabetic effects of artemether on type 2 diabetes in db/db mice. In conclusion, our study connects the antidiabetic effects of artemether to the regulation of metabolic enzymes and signaling pathways, and also provides molecular basis for the potential application of artemether in treating type 2 diabetes.
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Salehi B, Ata A, V. Anil Kumar N, Sharopov F, Ramírez-Alarcón K, Ruiz-Ortega A, Abdulmajid Ayatollahi S, Valere Tsouh Fokou P, Kobarfard F, Amiruddin Zakaria Z, Iriti M, Taheri Y, Martorell M, Sureda A, N. Setzer W, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Santini A, Capasso R, Adrian Ostrander E, -ur-Rahman A, Iqbal Choudhary M, C. Cho W, Sharifi-Rad J. Antidiabetic Potential of Medicinal Plants and Their Active Components. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E551. [PMID: 31575072 PMCID: PMC6843349 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health problems in the world, the incidence and associated mortality are increasing. Inadequate regulation of the blood sugar imposes serious consequences for health. Conventional antidiabetic drugs are effective, however, also with unavoidable side effects. On the other hand, medicinal plants may act as an alternative source of antidiabetic agents. Examples of medicinal plants with antidiabetic potential are described, with focuses on preclinical and clinical studies. The beneficial potential of each plant matrix is given by the combined and concerted action of their profile of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran;
| | - Athar Ata
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada;
| | - Nanjangud V. Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India;
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan;
| | - Karina Ramírez-Alarcón
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
| | - Ana Ruiz-Ortega
- Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andrés Bello, Autopista Concepción—Talcahuano, Concepción 7100, Chile;
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran; (S.A.A.); (F.K.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran
| | - Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon;
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran; (S.A.A.); (F.K.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor 42300, Malaysia
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Yasaman Taheri
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran; (S.A.A.); (F.K.); (Y.T.)
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Laboratory of Physical Activity Sciences, and CIBEROBN—Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, CB12/03/30038, University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA;
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (M.L.)
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Elise Adrian Ostrander
- Medical Illustration, Kendall College of Art and Design, Ferris State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA;
| | - Atta -ur-Rahman
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (A.-u.-R.); (M.I.C.)
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; (A.-u.-R.); (M.I.C.)
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft 7861756447, Iran
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Lankatillake C, Huynh T, Dias DA. Understanding glycaemic control and current approaches for screening antidiabetic natural products from evidence-based medicinal plants. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:105. [PMID: 31516543 PMCID: PMC6731622 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has reached epidemic proportions as a result of over-nutrition and increasingly sedentary lifestyles. Current therapies, although effective, are not without limitations. These limitations, the alarming increase in the prevalence of diabetes, and the soaring cost of managing diabetes and its complications underscores an urgent need for safer, more efficient and affordable alternative treatments. Over 1200 plant species are reported in ethnomedicine for treating diabetes and these represents an important and promising source for the identification of novel antidiabetic compounds. Evaluating medicinal plants for desirable bioactivity goes hand-in-hand with methods in analytical biochemistry for separating and identifying lead compounds. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of current methods used in antidiabetic plant research to form a useful resource for researchers beginning in the field. The review summarises the current understanding of blood glucose regulation and the general mechanisms of action of current antidiabetic medications, and combines knowledge on common experimental approaches for screening plant extracts for antidiabetic activity and currently available analytical methods and technologies for the separation and identification of bioactive natural products. Common in vivo animal models, in vitro models, in silico methods and biochemical assays used for testing the antidiabetic effects of plants are discussed with a particular emphasis on in vitro methods such as cell-based bioassays for screening insulin secretagogues and insulinomimetics. Enzyme inhibition assays and molecular docking are also highlighted. The role of metabolomics, metabolite profiling, and dereplication of data for the high-throughput discovery of novel antidiabetic agents is reviewed. Finally, this review also summarises sample preparation techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction, and the critical function of nuclear magnetic resonance and high resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the dereplication, putative identification and structure elucidation of natural compounds from evidence-based medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintha Lankatillake
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083 Australia
| | - Tien Huynh
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083 Australia
| | - Daniel A. Dias
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083 Australia
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Yue J, Sun Y, Xu J, Zhang X, Zhao Y. Four new cucurbitane-type triterpenes from Momordica charantia L. with their cytotoxic activities and protective effects on H 2O 2-damaged pancreatic cells. J Nat Med 2019; 74:34-40. [PMID: 31256310 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-019-01336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Four new cucurbitane-type triterpenes were isolated from the fruit of Momordica charantia L. The structures of the new compounds were identified based on HR-ESI-MS and 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic methods. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds was evaluated using three human cancer cell lines, HeLa, Caco2, and U87. Compound 3 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 11.18 μM. Additionally, the cytoprotective activity of these compounds was determined in vitro against H2O2-induced pancreatic injury. The results revealed that all the compounds obtained possess cytoprotective effects against H2O2-induced injury in MIN6 β-cells at a concentration of 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Yue
- The Precise Medicine Center, Key Laboratory of Microbiology College of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshu Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Wang L, Clardy A, Hui D, Gao A, Wu Y. Antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of Chinese and Indian bitter melons (Momordica charantia L.). FOOD BIOSCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Polysaccharide from Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) Improves Antioxidant Capacity via PI3K/AKT Pathways and Nrf2 Translocation in a Type 2 Diabetes Model. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101906. [PMID: 31108940 PMCID: PMC6571734 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide extracted from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), a traditional functional food, is a biologically active substance reported to possess hypoglycemic and anti-oxidative qualities. However, it is unknown which polysaccharides play a role and have the potential mechanism. This present study is to assess the possible impacts of a novel polysaccharide isolated from okra (OP) on mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with an intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of 100 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) twice, to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We found that an eight-week administration of OP at 200 or 400 mg/kg body weight significantly alleviated the symptoms, with elevations in blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as reducing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), body weight, food, and water consumption. The OP treatment increased the hepatic glycogen and decreased the mussy hepatic cords and liver fibrosis in the T2DM mice. The decreases of ROS and MDA and the increases of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT in liver were observed after administration of OP. OP alleviated the T2DM characteristics through the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) pathway, and enhanced the nuclear factor erythroid-2 (Nrf2) expression and promoted Nrf2-medicated heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression. OP also relieved mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting NOX2 activation. Taken together, these findings suggest that a polysaccharide isolated from okra exerts anti-T2DM effects partly by modulating oxidative stress through PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway-medicated Nrf2 transport. We have determined that a polysaccharide possesses hypoglycemic activity, as well as its underlying mechanism.
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Postprandial Glucose Levels Are Better Associated with the Risk Factors for Diabetes Compared to Fasting Glucose and Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels in Elderly Prediabetics: Beneficial Effects of Polyherbal Supplements-A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7923732. [PMID: 31118970 PMCID: PMC6500635 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7923732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Backgrounds Prediabetes is a condition in which a person's blood glucose levels are higher than normal physiological levels but lower compared to patients with diabetes. Up to 70% of individuals with prediabetes will eventually develop diabetes. To date, there have been no pharmaceutical drugs to treat diabetes. It is believed that early diagnosis and nonpharmacological intervention for prediabetes are critical for effective prevention of diabetes. Most individuals with prediabetes remain undiagnosed even after being evaluated using the standard tests for fasting glucose (FG) and HbA1c. We investigated if postprandial glucose levels (2h-PG) were associated with pre/diabetes and if polyherbal supplements could be beneficial for individuals with prediabetes. Materials and Methods 100 elderly individuals with impaired 2h-PG or fasting glucose levels were recruited to receive either a 12-week supplement of GlucoVita (an antioxidative polyherbal formulation) (n=50) or placebo (n=50). Results No baseline differences were observed for FG, HbA1c, or 2h-PG. Individuals who received a twelve-week administration of GlucoVita supplements had significantly reduced 2h-PG (8.15±1.67 versus 7.35±2.06 mmol/l, P<0.05) levels compared to individuals in the placebo group. In addition, HbA1c levels were lower in individuals who received GlucoVita (5.81±0.49 %) compared to the individuals in the placebo group (6.00±0.51%) (P=0.08) after 12-weeks. Stratified analysis, based on impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 2h-PG, metabolic symptom, and age, demonstrated that, after the 12-week intervention, HbA1c levels were significantly lower in the GlucoVita administered group compared to the placebo group (IFG subgroup; 5.85±0.46%, n= 27 versus 6.14±0.50, n=33, P<0.05) and the metabolic symptom-free subgroup (5.73±0.45%, n=23 versus 6.04±0.52%, n=24, P<0.05). GlucoVita also reduced FG in individuals with normal 2h-PG (6.37±0.27 versus 6.08±0.38 mmol/l, P<0.05). Baseline 2h-PG levels, but not HbA1c or FG levels, were significantly correlated with body weight, waist circumference, and BMI (r=0.25, P<0.05; r=0.31, P<0.01; r=0.22, P<0.05, respectively). Conclusion 2h-PG levels were better associated with body weight, waist circumference, and BMI risk factors compared to FG and HbA1c levels in elderly individuals with prediabetes. Polyherbal formulation GlucoVita supplements improved 2h-PG and HbA1c levels only in elderly individuals who were overweight but were symptom-free and under 65 years of age. Due to the small cohort size of this pilot study, future studies are required to validate our findings.
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Wang Q, Wu X, Shi F, Liu Y. Comparison of antidiabetic effects of saponins and polysaccharides from Momordica charantia L. in STZ-induced type 2 diabetic mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:744-750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Role of medicinal plants in the management of diabetes mellitus: a review. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:4. [PMID: 30555770 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have a vast potential in the treatment of various ailments due to the presence of therapeutically important phytochemicals. Diabetes is a serious metabolic disorder and several marketed medications are available to alleviate the symptoms of diabetes. However, these over the counter drugs are expensive and associated with several complications. Herbal medicines are gaining importance as they are cost-effective and also display improved therapeutic effects with lesser side effects. The present review includes the reports available on medicinal plants used for treating diabetes complications. The aim of the review is to categorize and summarize the available information on medicinal plants with anti-diabetic properties and suggesting outlooks for future research. A systematic search was performed on medicinal plants with anti-diabetic properties using several search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and other online journals and books. All the plants listed in this review are native to Asian countries and are routinely used by the traditional practitioners for the treatment of various ailments. Based on the literature data available, a total of 81 medicinal plants with anti-diabetic, anti-hyperglycemic, hypoglycemic, anti-lipidemic and insulin mimetic properties have been compiled in this review. This review provides useful information about the different medicinal plants for treating diabetes-associated complications. Further research can be carried out to study the active constituents and mechanism of these plants.
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Zhao H, Lai Q, Zhang J, Huang C, Jia L. Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Effects of Acidic-Extractable Polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris on Type 2 Diabetes Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9150807. [PMID: 30595798 PMCID: PMC6286747 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9150807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present work was performed to evaluate the effect of acidic-extractable polysaccharides (AE-PS) from fruit bodies of Cordyceps militaris on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its structural characteristics. The T2DM mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) were administered with 100 and 400 mg/kg AE-PS for 4 weeks. Our work proved that AE-PS decreased the levels of serum lipid, lipid peroxidation, and blood glucose; improved glucose and insulin resistance; enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities; and attenuated the injuries of the liver, kidney, and pancreas in T2DM mice. These results might offer references for the exploitation of AE-PS as functional foods or natural drug source for preventing and treating HFD- and STZ-induced T2DM. Moreover, gas chromatography (GC) results revealed that AE-PS was heterogeneous and composed of fucose, ribose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and glucose with mass percentages of 1.23%, 0.57%, 0.29%, 2.12%, 2.73%, 4.66%, and 88.4%, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis indicated that AE-PS was a pyran-type polysaccharide with α- and β-configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Zhao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Qiangqiang Lai
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Chunyan Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Le Jia
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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Mozaniel SDO, Wanessa ADC, Fernanda WFB, Marilena EA, Gracialda CF, Raul NDCJ. Phytochemical profile and biological activities of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae): A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2017.16374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Eugenosedin-A improves glucose metabolism and inhibits MAPKs expression in streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2018; 34:142-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Xiang L, Li J, Wang Y, Tang R, Wang Q, Wu Q, Qi J. Tetradecyl 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoate Improves the Symptoms of Diabetic Mice by Modulation of Insulin and Adiponectin Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:806. [PMID: 29180962 PMCID: PMC5693855 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tetradecyl 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate (ABG-001) derived from Chinese medicine, gentiana regescens Franch is a leading compound with NGF mimic effect, it can induce neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells via the IGF-1/PI3K/ERK signaling pathway. Thus, we inferred that this compound had anti-diabetic effect and used streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice to indicate it. Methods: ABG-001 was synthesized with 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid and tetradecyl alcohol under certain reaction conditions. STZ-induced diabetic mice were used to investigate anti-diabetic effect. Oral glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, RT-PCR, Western blot, ELISA assays and histological section were performed to do the analysis of action mechanism. Results: ABG-001 showed anti-diabetic effect in STZ-induced diabetic mice. In diabetic mice, the anti-diabetic effect of ABG-001 at a dose of 20 mg/kg was equal with metformin at a dose of 140 mg/kg. Moreover, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were significantly improved on diabetic mice. The plasma insulin, adiponectin and leptin were notably increased, whereas glucagon remarkably decreased. The gene expressions of adiponectin and leptin in adipose tissue, glucose transporter 4 and adiponectin receptor 1 in liver and gastrocnemius, ADR2 in hypothalamus and pancreas were obviously increased. Conclusion: ABG-001 exerts antidiabetic effects via modulation of insulin and adiponectin signaling pathways. This new type of molecule could be a promising drug candidate for treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaobei Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Qi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Anti-diabetic effects of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice and potential mechanism via PI3K-Akt signal pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1669-1677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Protein extract from the fruit pulp of Momordica charantia potentiate glucose uptake by up-regulating GLUT4 and AMPK. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Cuong DM, Jeon J, Morgan AMA, Kim C, Kim JK, Lee SY, Park SU. Accumulation of Charantin and Expression of Triterpenoid Biosynthesis Genes in Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7240-7249. [PMID: 28737900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Charantin, a natural cucurbitane type triterpenoid, has been reported to have beneficial pharmacological functions such as anticancer, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities. However, accumulation of charantin in bitter melon has been little studied. Here, we performed a transcriptome analysis to identify genes involved in the triterpenoid biosynthesis pathway in bitter melon seedlings. A total of 88,703 transcripts with an average length of 898 bp were identified in bitter melon seedlings. On the basis of a functional annotation, we identified 15 candidate genes encoding enzymes related to triterpenoid biosynthesis and analyzed their expression in different organs of mature plants. Most genes were highly expressed in flowers and/or fruit from the ripening stages. An HPLC analysis confirmed that the accumulation of charantin was highest in fruits from the ripening stage, followed by male flowers. The accumulation patterns of charantin coincide with the expression pattern of McSE and McCAS1, indicating that these genes play important roles in charantin biosynthesis in bitter melon. We also investigated optimum light conditions for enhancing charantin biosynthesis in bitter melon and found that red light was the most effective wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Manh Cuong
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jin Jeon
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Abubaker M A Morgan
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University , Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-772, Korea
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Regional Innovation Center for Dental Science & Engineering, Chosun University , 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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HSIAO CY, CHEN YM, HSU YJ, HUANG CC, SUNG HC, CHEN SS. Supplementation with Hualian No. 4 wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata ser.) extract increases anti-fatigue activities and enhances exercise performance in mice. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1110-1119. [PMID: 28458274 PMCID: PMC5487792 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hualian No. 4 wild bitter gourd (WBG) is a specific vegetable cultivated by the Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station in Taiwan. WBG is commonly consumed as a vegetable and used as a popular folk medicine. However, few studies have demonstrated the effects of WBG supplementation on exercise performance, physical fatigue and the biochemical profile. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of WBG extract on fatigue and ergogenic functions following physiological challenge. Three groups of male ICR mice (n=8 per group) were orally administered 0, 1 or 2.5 g/kg/day of WBG for 4 weeks. They were respectively designated the vehicle, WBG-1X and WBG-2.5X groups. WBG significantly decreased body weight (BW) and epididymal fat pad (EFP) weight. Concerning physical performance, WBG supplementation dose-dependently increased grip strength and endurance swimming time. Concerning anti-fatigue activity, WBG decreased levels of serum lactate, ammonia, creatine kinase and blood urea nitrogen, and economized glucose metabolism after acute exercise challenge. Glycogen in the liver and gastrocnemius muscle dose-dependently increased with WBG treatment. Concerning the biochemical profile, WBG treatment significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and urea acid (UA), and increased total protein (TP). Therefore, 4-week supplementation with WBG may decrease white adipose weight, enhance energy economy, increase glycogen storage to enhance exercise performance and reduce fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu HSIAO
- Department of Nutrition and Health
Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
- Research Center for Food and
Cosmetic Safety, and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human
Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming CHEN
- Graduate Institute of Sports
Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju HSU
- Graduate Institute of Sports
Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang HUANG
- Graduate Institute of Sports
Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ching SUNG
- Department of Anatomy, College of
Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Shih CHEN
- Department of General Surgery,
Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
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Lo HY, Li TC, Yang TY, Li CC, Chiang JH, Hsiang CY, Ho TY. Hypoglycemic effects of Trichosanthes kirilowii and its protein constituent in diabetic mice: the involvement of insulin receptor pathway. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:53. [PMID: 28100206 PMCID: PMC5242006 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a serious chronic metabolic disorder. Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. (TK) is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the clinical application of TK on diabetic patients and the hypoglycemic efficacies of TK are still unclear. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the usage of Chinese herbs in patients with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan. Glucose tolerance test was performed to analyze the hypoglycemic effect of TK. Proteomic approach was performed to identify the protein constituents of TK. Insulin receptor (IR) kinase activity assay and glucose tolerance tests in diabetic mice were further used to elucidate the hypoglycemic mechanisms and efficacies of TK. RESULTS By a retrospective cohort study, we found that TK was the most frequently used Chinese medicinal herb in type 2 diabetic patients in Taiwan. Oral administration of aqueous extract of TK displayed hypoglycemic effects in a dose-dependent manner in mice. An abundant novel TK protein (TKP) was further identified by proteomic approach. TKP interacted with IR by docking analysis and activated the kinase activity of IR. In addition, TKP enhanced the clearance of glucose in diabetic mice in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study applied a bed-to-bench approach to elucidate the hypoglycemic efficacies and mechanisms of TK on clinical usage. In addition, we newly identified a hypoglycemic protein TKP from TK. Our findings might provide a reasonable explanation of TK on the treatment of diabetes in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Lo
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chung Li
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Yen Yang
- Molecular and Genomic Epidemiology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Li
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Huai Chiang
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yun Hsiang
- Department of Microbiology, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Tin-Yun Ho
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.
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Anti-diabetic effects of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides-chromium (III) complex in type 2 diabetic mice and its sub-acute toxicity evaluation in normal mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:498-509. [PMID: 28087233 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are important bioactive ingredients from Inonotus obliquus. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize a novel I. obliquus polysaccharides-chromium (III) complex (UIOPC) and investigate the anti-diabetic effects in streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice and sub-acute toxicity in normal mice. The molecular weight of UIOPC was about 11.5 × 10 4 Da with the chromium content was 13.01% and the chromium was linked with polysaccharides through coordination bond. After treatment of UIOPC for four weeks, the body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, plasma insulin levels of the diabetic mice were significantly reduced when compared with those of the diabetic mice (p < 0.05). The results on serum profiles and antioxidant enzymes activities revealed that UIOPC had a positive effect on hypoglycemic and antioxidant ability. Histopathology results showed that UIOPC could effectively alleviate the STZ-lesioned tissues in diabetic mice. Furthermore, high dose administration of UIOPC had no obviously influence on serum profiles levels and antioxidant ability of the normal mice and the organ tissues maintained organized and integrity in the sub-acute toxicity study. These results suggested that UIOPC might be a good candidate for the functional food or pharmaceuticals in the treatment of T2DM.
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Yu SH, Dubey NK, Li WS, Liu MC, Chiang HS, Leu SJ, Shieh YH, Tsai FC, Deng WP. Cordyceps militaris Treatment Preserves Renal Function in Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166342. [PMID: 27832180 PMCID: PMC5104498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is derived from long-term effects of high blood glucose on kidney function in type 2 diabetic patients. Several antidiabetic drugs and herbal medications have failed to prevent episodes of DN. Hence, this study aimed to further investigate the renal injury-reducing effect of antidiabetic CmNo1, a novel combination of powders of fruiting bodies and mycelia of Cordyceps militaris. After being administered with streptozotocin-nicotinamide and high-fat-diet, the diabetic nephropathy mouse model displayed elevated blood glucose and renal dysfunction markers including serum creatinine and kidney-to-body weight ratio. These elevated markers were significantly mitigated following 8 weeks CmNo1 treatment. Moreover, the chronic hyperglycemia-induced pathological alteration in renal tissue were also ameliorated. Besides, immunohistochemical study demonstrated a substantial reduction in elevated levels of carboxymethyl lysine, an advanced glycation end product. Elevated collagenous deposition in DN group was also attenuated through CmNo1 administration. Moreover, the enhanced levels of transforming growth factor-β1, a fibrosis-inducing protein in glomerulus were also markedly dampened. Furthermore, auxiliary risk factors in DN like serum triglycerides and cholesterol were found to be increased but were decreased by CmNo1 treatment. Conclusively, the results suggests that CmNo1 exhibit potent and efficacious renoprotective action against hyperglycemia-induced DN.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biological Products/chemistry
- Biological Products/therapeutic use
- Collagen/analysis
- Cordyceps/chemistry
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/blood
- Diabetic Nephropathies/complications
- Diabetic Nephropathies/drug therapy
- Diabetic Nephropathies/physiopathology
- Fruiting Bodies, Fungal/chemistry
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/analysis
- Glycogen/analysis
- Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/physiopathology
- Kidney Function Tests
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mycelium/chemistry
- Streptozocin
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hsun Yu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Navneet Kumar Dubey
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shan Li
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Sun Chiang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Sy-Jye Leu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hua Shieh
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Win-Ping Deng
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Cicero AFG, Colletti A. Role of phytochemicals in the management of metabolic syndrome. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1134-44. [PMID: 26778479 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) for some years has been focusing on what is now commonly referred to as an "epidemic of obesity and diabetes" ("diabesity"): behind this outbreak, there are several risk factors grouped in what is called "metabolic syndrome" (MetS). The basis of this "epidemic" is either a diet too often characterized by excessive consumption of saturated and trans-esterified fatty acids, simple sugars and salt, either a sedentary lifestyle. PURPOSE The aim of this review is to focus on the phytochemicals that have a more positive effect on the treatment and/or prevention of MetS. CHAPTERS Treatment strategies for MetS include pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic options, with varying degrees of success rate. The first is indicated for patients with high cardiovascular risk, while the second one is the most cost-effective preventive approach for subjects with borderline parameters and for patients intolerant to pharmacological therapy. MetS non-pharmacological treatments could involve the use of nutraceuticals, most of which has plant origins (phytochemicals), associated with lifestyle improvement. The chapter will discuss the available evidence on soluble fibres from psyllium and other sources, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid and other cinnamon phytochemicals, berberine, corosolic acid from banaba, charantin from bitter gourd, catechins and flavonols from green tea and cocoa. Vegetable omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, alliin from garlic, soy peptides, and curcumin from curcuma longa. CONCLUSION Some nutraceuticals, when adequately dosed, should improve a number of the MetS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Diseases Research Center, Medicine & Surgery Dept., Alma Mater Studiorum Atherosclerosis and Metabolic University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Diseases Research Center, Medicine & Surgery Dept., Alma Mater Studiorum Atherosclerosis and Metabolic University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Dandawate PR, Subramaniam D, Padhye SB, Anant S. Bitter melon: a panacea for inflammation and cancer. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 14:81-100. [PMID: 26968675 PMCID: PMC5276711 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(16)60002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nature is a rich source of medicinal plants and their products that are useful for treatment of various diseases and disorders. Momordica charantia, commonly known as bitter melon or bitter gourd, is one of such plants known for its biological activities used in traditional system of medicines. This plant is cultivated in all over the world, including tropical areas of Asia, Amazon, east Africa, and the Caribbean and used as a vegetable as well as folk medicine. All parts of the plant, including the fruit, are commonly consumed and cooked with different vegetables, stir-fried, stuffed or used in small quantities in soups or beans to give a slightly bitter flavor and taste. The plant is reported to possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, anti-obesity, and immunomodulatory activities. The plant extract inhibits cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy and inhibiting cancer stem cells. The plant is rich in bioactive chemical constituents like cucurbitane type triterpenoids, triterpene glycosides, phenolic acids, flavonoids, essential oils, saponins, fatty acids, and proteins. Some of the isolated compounds (Kuguacin J, Karaviloside XI, Kuguaglycoside C, Momordicoside Q-U, Charantin, α-eleostearic acid) and proteins (α-Momorcharin, RNase MC2, MAP30) possess potent biological activity. In the present review, we are summarizing the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities of Momordica charantia along with a short account of important chemical constituents, providing a basis for establishing detail biological activities of the plant and developing novel drug molecules based on the active chemical constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad R Dandawate
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Dharmalingam Subramaniam
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Subhash B Padhye
- Interdisciplinary Science & Technology Research Academy, Abeda Inamdar Senior College, Azam Campus, Pune, 411001, India
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Singh G, Passsari AK, Leo VV, Mishra VK, Subbarayan S, Singh BP, Kumar B, Kumar S, Gupta VK, Lalhlenmawia H, Nachimuthu SK. Evaluation of Phenolic Content Variability along with Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Potential of Selected Traditional Medicinal Plants from India. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:407. [PMID: 27066046 PMCID: PMC4815358 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants have been used since ancient times as an important source of biologically active substances. The aim of the present study was to investigate the phytochemical constituents (flavonoids and phenolics), antioxidant potential, cytotoxicity against HepG2 (human hepato carcinoma) cancer cell lines, and the antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract of selected traditional medicinal plants collected from Mizoram, India. A number of phenolic compounds were detected using HPLC-DAD-ESI-TOF-MS, mainly Luteolin, Kaempferol, Myricetin, Gallic Acid, Quercetin and Rutin, some of which have been described for the first time in the selected plants. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents showed high variation ranging from 4.44 to 181.91 μg of Gallic Acid equivalent per milligram DW (GAE/mg DW) and 3.17 to 102.2 μg of Quercetin/mg, respectively. The antioxidant capacity was determined by DPPH (IC50 values ranges from 34.22 to 131.4 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50 values ranges from 24.08 to 513.4 μg/mL), and reducing power assays. Antimicrobial activity was assayed against gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus), gram negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and yeast (Candida albicans) demonstrating that the methanol extracts of some plants were efficacious antimicrobial agents. Additionally, cytotoxicity was assessed on human hepato carcinoma (HepG2) cancer cell lines and found that the extracts of Albizia lebbeck, Dillenia indica, and Bombax ceiba significantly decreased the cell viability at low concentrations with IC50 values of 24.03, 25.09, and 29.66 μg/mL, respectively. This is the first report of detection of phenolic compounds along with antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of selected medicinal plants from India, which indicates that these plants might be valuable source for human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram UniversityAizawl, India
| | | | - Vincent V. Leo
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram UniversityAizawl, India
| | | | | | - Bhim P. Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram UniversityAizawl, India
- *Correspondence: Bhim P. Singh
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research InstituteLucknow, India
| | - Vijai K. Gupta
- Molecular Glyco-Biotechnology Group, Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland GalwayGalway, Ireland
- Vijai K. Gupta
| | - Hauzel Lalhlenmawia
- Department of Pharmacy, Regional Institute of Paramedical and Nursing Sciences ZemabawkAizawl, India
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Anti-diabetic properties of Momordica charantia L. polysaccharide in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:538-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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