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Akiyama H, Suzuki Y, Adachi R, Kadokura M, Takei A, Tomiki M, Nakamura K, Ito R, Iwasaki Y, Mills C, Ohya Y, Fukuie T. Egg protein exposure estimation in risk assessment for Japanese food allergy labeling. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33545. [PMID: 39035498 PMCID: PMC11259865 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
To assess the risk of food allergies in foods processed under the Japanese food labeling system, estimating exposure to hidden allergens is necessary. We assessed exposure to egg protein in foods processed according to the Japanese food labeling system. First, we estimated the concentration distribution of egg protein by Bayesian methods using data from the literature and the measurement of food products with precautional declarations in the labeling margin. We then estimated the food-intake portion-size distribution under two scenarios: soft drink consumption as an example of single, high-intake consumption, and confections, which are frequently consumed by children, as a realistic example of low-intake consumption. Finally, we estimated the distribution of unexpected intake of egg proteins in the form of single consumption. The mean exposure to egg protein under the high-intake scenario was estimated to be 0.0164 mg for 1-15-year-olds, 0.0171 mg for 4-15-year-olds, 0.0181 mg for 7-15-year-olds, and ≥0.0188 mg for 16-year-olds. The mean exposure to egg protein under the low-intake scenario was estimated to be 0.0018 mg for 1-15-year-olds, 0.0019 mg for 4-15-year-olds, 0.0020 mg for 7-15-year-olds, and ≥0.0022 mg for 16-year-olds. Compared to the reference dose of 2.0 mg proposed by the Joint the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee, the risk of onset of food allergies due to egg protein contamination from foods without egg labeling is considered to be extremely low under the current Japanese food labeling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Akiyama
- Hoshi University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Division of Foods, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Suzuki
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Division of Foods, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Reiko Adachi
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Momoka Kadokura
- Hoshi University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Asaka Takei
- Hoshi University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tomiki
- Hoshi University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
- Morinaga Institute of Biological Science, Inc., 2-1-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-8504, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nakamura
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Division of Foods, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Rie Ito
- Hoshi University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke Iwasaki
- Hoshi University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Clare Mills
- The University of Surry, School of Biosciences, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Yukihiro Ohya
- National Center for Child Health and Development, Allergy Center, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fukuie
- National Center for Child Health and Development, Allergy Center, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
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Abu Risha M, Rick EM, Plum M, Jappe U. Legume Allergens Pea, Chickpea, Lentil, Lupine and Beyond. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2024:10.1007/s11882-024-01165-7. [PMID: 38990406 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-024-01165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW In the last decade, an increasing trend towards a supposedly healthier vegan diet could be observed. However, recently, more cases of allergic reactions to plants and plant-based products such as meat-substitution products, which are often prepared with legumes, were reported. Here, we provide the current knowledge on legume allergen sources and the respective single allergens. We answer the question of which legumes beside the well-known food allergen sources peanut and soybean should be considered for diagnostic and therapeutic measures. RECENT FINDINGS These "non-priority" legumes, including beans, pea, lentils, chickpea, lupine, cowpea, pigeon pea, and fenugreek, are potentially new important allergen sources, causing mild-to-severe allergic reactions. Severe reactions have been described particularly for peas and lupine. An interesting aspect is the connection between anaphylactic reactions and exercise (food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis), which has only recently been highlighted for legumes such as soybean, lentils and chickpea. Most allergic reactions derive from IgE cross-reactions to homologous proteins, for example between peanut and lupine, which is of particular importance for peanut-allergic individuals ignorant to these cross-reactions. From our findings we conclude that there is a need for large-scale studies that are geographically distinctive because most studies are case reports, and geographic differences of allergic diseases towards these legumes have already been discovered for well-known "Big 9" allergen sources such as peanut and soybean. Furthermore, the review illustrates the need for a better molecular diagnostic for these emerging non-priority allergen sources to evaluate IgE cross-reactivities to known allergens and identify true allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marua Abu Risha
- Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Rick
- Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany
| | - Melanie Plum
- Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany
| | - Uta Jappe
- Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Allergy Outpatient Clinic, Department of Pneumology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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Villa C, Costa J, Mafra I. First nanoplate digital PCR method to trace allergenic foods: Improved sensitivity for the detection of sesame. Food Chem 2024; 444:138650. [PMID: 38330611 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important allergenic food whose presence can be the cause of severe allergic reactions in sensitised individuals. In this work, nanoplate digital PCR (ndPCR) was used to develop two methods to detect trace amounts of sesame in processed foods and compared with previously proposed real-time PCR assays. Two independent ndPCR approaches were successfully advanced, achieving sensitivities of 5 and 0.1 mg/kg of sesame in dough/biscuits, targeting the CO6b-1 and ITS regions, respectively. The sensitivity using both targets was improved by one order of magnitude comparing with real-time PCR and was not affected by food processing. CO6b-1 system was not influenced by food matrix, exhibiting similar performance regardless the use of complex matrix extracts or serial diluted DNA. Herein, ndPCR was proposed for the first time for the detection of allergenic foods with the advantage of providing better performance than real-time PCR regarding sensitivity and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Villa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Isabel Mafra
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
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Lu Y, Zhang H, Gao H, Zhang X, Ji H, Gao C, Chen Y, Xiao J, Li Z. Quantification of Allergic Crustacean Tropomyosin Using Shared Signature Peptides in Processed Foods with a Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Strategy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11672-11681. [PMID: 38713521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Crustacean shellfish are major allergens in East Asia. In the present study, a major allergic protein in crustaceans, tropomyosin, was detected accurately using multiple reaction monitoring mode-based mass spectrometry, with shared signature peptides identified through proteomic analysis. The peptides were deliberately screened through thermal stability and enzymatic digestion efficiency to improve the suitability and accuracy of the developed method. Finally, the proposed method demonstrated a linear range of 0.15 to 30 mgTM/kgfood (R2 > 0.99), with a limit of detection of 0.15 mgTM/kg food and a limit of quantification of 0.5mgTM/kgfood and successfully applied to commercially processed foods, such as potato chips, biscuits, surimi, and hot pot seasonings, which evidenced the applicability of proteomics-based methodology for food allergen analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shhezi University, Shihezi City 832003, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, P. R. China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Technology Center of Qingdao Customs District, 83 Xinye Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266114, China
| | - Hongyan Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Technology Center of Qingdao Customs District, 83 Xinye Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266114, China
| | - Hua Ji
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shhezi University, Shihezi City 832003, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Chunyu Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (No. 2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, No.2 Building, No.37 Guangqu Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100022, PR China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
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Mortz CG, Eller E, Garvik OS, Kjaer HF, Zuberbier T, Bindslev-Jensen C. Challenge-verified thresholds for allergens mandatory for labeling: How little is too much for the most sensitive patient? Allergy 2024; 79:1306-1316. [PMID: 37661296 DOI: 10.1111/all.15870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is mandatory to label food products with the 14 main allergens in the EU. Reasonable allergen labeling requires knowledge of population-based thresholds derived from food challenges. The aim of this study was to evaluate the threshold-distribution in clinically verified food allergic patients for allergens mandatory for labeling. METHODS All positive open oral food challenges and double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFC) performed at the Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (2000-2022) were included. For each included challenge, the cumulative threshold (LOAEL) was obtained and NOAEL estimated. Data were modelled as an interval censored log-normal distribution. RESULTS Overall, 38 of all 2612 challenges (1.5%) in 1229 patients (717 male, 986 children) reacted to <5 mg protein. The majority of the most sensitive patients reacted with a Sampson severity score of 2-3. Using interval censored log-normal models only five groups (hens´ egg, fish, peanut, milk, tree-nuts) elicited reactions after ingestion of 0.5 mg protein and in low frequencies of the population. Hen's egg was the most potent allergen, with reactivity to <0.5 mg protein in 0.24% [0.13-0.44%] of egg allergic patients while the estimated fraction of allergic patients reacting to a eliciting dose on 0.5 mg protein for most other allergens were below 0.04%. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrates that the majority of food allergic patients as expected tolerating traces of allergenic foods without developing severe allergic symptoms and signs. Hen's egg appears to be the food most likely to elicit reactions in the most sensitive individuals at very low doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte G Mortz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense Research Centre for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Esben Eller
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense Research Centre for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Olav Sivertsen Garvik
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik Fomsgaard Kjaer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense Research Centre for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Allergology and Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP Allergology and Immunology Paul-Ehrlich-Haus Hindenburgdamm 27, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Bindslev-Jensen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense Research Centre for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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Kalb B, Meixner L, Heller S, Dölle-Bierke S, Roll S, Tissen-Diabaté T, Lau S, Forslund S, Marenholz I, Lee YA, Thiel A, Babina M, Scheffel J, Worm M, Beyer K. Tolerance induction through early feeding to prevent food allergy in infants and children with sensitization against food allergens (TIFFANI): rationale, study design, and methods of a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2024; 25:272. [PMID: 38641837 PMCID: PMC11031852 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with sensitization against foods have to be orally food-challenged before eating these foods for the first time. However, the waiting time for an oral food challenge (OFC) in Germany is about 3-6 months. In contrast, there are hints that an early introduction of allergenic foods might be protective regarding the development of food allergy. The aim of this clinical trial is therefore to investigate, whether an introduction and regular consumption of small amounts of food allergens is safe and will result in an increase of tolerance in children with sensitization against food allergens with unknown clinical relevance. METHODS In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, single-center trial, 138 children (8 months to 4 years of age) sensitized to the target allergen(s) hen's egg, cow's milk, peanuts, and/or hazelnuts with unknown clinical relevance will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either an active or a placebo group, daily receiving a rusk-like biscuit powder with or without the target allergen(s) for 3-6 months until an OFC will be performed in routine diagnostics. The primary endpoint is an IgE-mediated food allergy to the primary target allergen, after the interventional period. DISCUSSION Children with sensitization against food allergens with unknown clinical relevance often have to avoid the corresponding foods for several months until an OFC is performed. Therefore, the "window of opportunity" for an early preventive introduction of allergenic foods might be missed. This trial will assess whether an introduction of small allergen amounts will favor tolerance development in these children. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00032769. Registered on 02 October 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Kalb
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lara Meixner
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Heller
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Dölle-Bierke
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Roll
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, , Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatjana Tissen-Diabaté
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, , Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Lau
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sofia Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité -, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Marenholz
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité -, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Young-Ae Lee
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité -, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Thiel
- Si-M/"Der Simulierte Mensch" a science framework of Technische Universität Berlin and Charité - , Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Immunomics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Magda Babina
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, a corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Scheffel
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, a corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Margitta Worm
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirsten Beyer
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Adedeji AA, Priyesh PV, Odugbemi AA. The Magnitude and Impact of Food Allergens and the Potential of AI-Based Non-Destructive Testing Methods in Their Detection and Quantification. Foods 2024; 13:994. [PMID: 38611300 PMCID: PMC11011628 DOI: 10.3390/foods13070994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Reaction to food allergens is on the increase and so is the attending cost on consumers, the food industry, and society at large. According to FDA, the "big-eight" allergens found in foods include wheat (gluten), peanuts, egg, shellfish, milk, tree nuts, fish, and soybeans. Sesame was added to the list in 2023, making the target allergen list nine instead of eight. These allergenic foods are major ingredients in many food products that can cause severe reactions in those allergic to them if found at a dose that can elicit a reaction. Defining the level of contamination that can elicit sensitivity is a work in progress. The first step in preventing an allergic reaction is reliable detection, then an effective quantification method. These are critical steps in keeping contaminated foods out of the supply chain of foods with allergen-free labels. The conventional methods of chemical assay, DNA-PCR, and enzyme protocols like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are effective in allergen detection but slow in providing a response. Most of these methods are incapable of quantifying the level of allergen contamination. There are emerging non-destructive methods that combine the power of sensors and machine learning to provide reliable detection and quantification. This review paper highlights some of the critical information on the types of prevalent food allergens, the mechanism of an allergic reaction in humans, the measure of allergenic sensitivity and eliciting doses, and the conventional and emerging AI-based methods of detection and quantification-the merits and downsides of each type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinbode A. Adedeji
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Paul V. Priyesh
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA;
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Li JC, Rotter NS, Stieb ES, Stockbridge JL, Theodorakakis MD, Shreffler WG. Utility of food allergy thresholds. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024; 132:321-327. [PMID: 38114041 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Food allergy is a prevalent disease worldwide that is a significant quality-of-life burden, and accidental exposures to food allergens may elicit severe, life-threatening reactions such as anaphylaxis. The threshold level, or the dose that triggers an allergic reaction determined by oral food challenges, varies considerably among individuals suffering from food allergies. Moreover, IgE concentration, diversity, or function can only partially explain this variation in threshold; pathogenic effector TH2 cells have also been found to contribute to the eliciting dose. Though very sensitive to cofactors such as physical activity/stress, the threshold is a stable and reproducible feature of an individual's allergy over periods of many months, made clear in the past several years from treatment studies in which repeated threshold determination has been used as a treatment outcome; however, there also seem to be age-related changes at a population level. More routine determination of food allergy thresholds may help patients stratify risk to improve the management of their food allergy. Precautionary allergen labeling, such as "may contain" labels, often causes confusion since they are inconsistent and regularly contain little to trace allergen residues; thus, food products with such labeling may be unnecessarily avoided. Population-based eliciting dose levels have been determined in the literature; patients at lower risk with higher thresholds may be more confident with introducing foods with precautionary allergen labels. Understanding a patient's threshold level could aid in shared decision-making to determine the most suitable treatment options for patients, including the starting dose for oral immunotherapy and/or the use of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Li
- Food Allergy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy S Rotter
- Food Allergy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elisabeth S Stieb
- Food Allergy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer L Stockbridge
- Food Allergy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria D Theodorakakis
- Food Allergy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wayne G Shreffler
- Food Allergy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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9
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Schaible A, Kabourek J, Elverson W, Venter C, Cox A, Groetch M. Precautionary Allergen Labeling: Avoidance for All? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2024; 24:81-94. [PMID: 38270804 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-024-01129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Precautionary allergen labeling (PAL) suggests the risk of unintended allergen presence (UAP) in food but is unregulated in most countries and inconsistently applied by food manufacturers. This review evaluates the current use of PAL, its relevance to allergic consumers, and weighs possible advantages and disadvantages of avoiding products with PAL. RECENT FINDINGS In most countries, manufacturers are free to decide whether, when, and how to apply PAL resulting in inconsistencies and consumer confusion. Patients with food allergy often interpret PAL incorrectly and without guidance from their health care providers. Health care providers are also prone to misinterpreting PAL, indicating a need for better education. Consumers desire guidance on whether to avoid products with PAL or not. Until further regulatory guidance is available, shared decision-making between patient and provider is required to offer individualized, rather than one-size-fits-all, approaches to PAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Schaible
- Division of Pediatric Allergy & Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1198, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jamie Kabourek
- Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Wendy Elverson
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carina Venter
- Section of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Denver, Co, USA
| | - Amanda Cox
- Division of Pediatric Allergy & Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1198, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Marion Groetch
- Division of Pediatric Allergy & Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1198, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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10
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Yan Y, Li L, Long C, Dong Y, Li J, Shen C, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Wang J, Xiong A, Li X, Chen H, He S. A novel IgE epitope-specific antibodies-based sandwich ELISA for sensitive measurement of immunoreactivity changes of peanut allergen Ara h 2 in processed foods. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1323553. [PMID: 38439921 PMCID: PMC10910080 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1323553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Peanut is an important source of dietary protein for human beings, but it is also recognized as one of the eight major food allergens. Binding of IgE antibodies to specific epitopes in peanut allergens plays important roles in initiating peanut-allergic reactions, and Ara h 2 is widely considered as the most potent peanut allergen and the best predictor of peanut allergy. Therefore, Ara h 2 IgE epitopes can serve as useful biomarkers for prediction of IgE-binding variations of Ara h 2 and peanut in foods. This study aimed to develop and validate an IgE epitope-specific antibodies (IgE-EsAbs)-based sandwich ELISA (sELISA) for detection of Ara h 2 and measurement of Ara h 2 IgE-immunoreactivity changes in foods. Methods DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow anion-exchange chromatography combining with SDS-PAGE gel extraction were applied to purify Ara h 2 from raw peanut. Hybridoma and epitope vaccine techniques were employed to generate a monoclonal antibody against a major IgE epitope of Ara h 2 and a polyclonal antibody against 12 IgE epitopes of Ara h 2, respectively. ELISA was carried out to evaluate the target binding and specificity of the generated IgE-EsAbs. Subsequently, IgE-EsAbs-based sELISA was developed to detect Ara h 2 and its allergenic residues in food samples. The IgE-binding capacity of Ara h 2 and peanut in foods was determined by competitive ELISA. The dose-effect relationship between the Ara h 2 IgE epitope content and Ara h 2 (or peanut) IgE-binding ability was further established to validate the reliability of the developed sELISA in measuring IgE-binding variations of Ara h 2 and peanut in foods. Results The obtained Ara h 2 had a purity of 94.44%. Antibody characterization revealed that the IgE-EsAbs recognized the target IgE epitope(s) of Ara h 2 and exhibited high specificity. Accordingly, an IgE-EsAbs-based sELISA using these antibodies was able to detect Ara h 2 and its allergenic residues in food samples, with high sensitivity (a limit of detection of 0.98 ng/mL), accuracy (a mean bias of 0.88%), precision (relative standard deviation < 16.50%), specificity, and recovery (an average recovery of 98.28%). Moreover, the developed sELISA could predict IgE-binding variations of Ara h 2 and peanut in foods, as verified by using sera IgE derived from peanut-allergic individuals. Conclusion This novel immunoassay could be a user-friendly method to monitor low level of Ara h 2 and to preliminary predict in vitro potential allergenicity of Ara h 2 and peanut in processed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Caiyun Long
- Department of Laboratory, Ganzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yaping Dong
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Caiyi Shen
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yiqian Zhao
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jiangqiang Zhao
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Anqi Xiong
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shengfa He
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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11
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Holcombe G, Walker MJ, Singh M, Gray K, Cowen S, Ellison SLR, Rogers A, Balasundaram A, Burns M, Clare Mills EN. Clinically and industrially relevant incurred reference materials to improve analysis of food allergens, milk, egg, almond, hazelnut and walnut. Food Chem 2024; 434:137391. [PMID: 37703777 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of food allergen protein concentrations against thresholds can improve allergen risk management and precautionary allergen labelling. Such measurement suffers well known problems which could be ameliorated by well characterised reference materials (RMs) providing meaningful information for risk assessors. We investigated the preparation and characterisation of the first consensus informed industrially and clinically relevant multi-allergen matrix RM kit for five priority allergens. It is a medium analytical difficulty processed food chocolate paste matrix (a) devoid of allergens, and (b) incurred with five allergens at the clinically relevant concentration of 10 mg kg-1 expressed as protein. The allergen raw materials: hens' egg white powder, skimmed cows' milk powder, almond powder (full fat), hazelnut powder (partially defatted), and walnut powder (partially defatted), are also available as RMs. The preparation, gravimetric traceability to the SI, homogeneity, and stability were found to be fit-for-purpose and the RMs are now available to the analytical community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gill Holcombe
- LGC Ltd, Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LY, UK.
| | - Michael J Walker
- LGC Ltd, Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LY, UK; Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK.
| | | | - Kirstin Gray
- LGC Ltd, Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LY, UK
| | - Simon Cowen
- LGC Ltd, Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LY, UK
| | | | - Adrian Rogers
- Romer Labs UK Ltd., The Heath Business & Technical Park, Runcorn, Cheshire WA7 4QX, UK
| | - Anuradha Balasundaram
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Malcolm Burns
- LGC Ltd, Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LY, UK
| | - E N Clare Mills
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK; School of Biosciences and Medicine, The University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
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12
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Tinsley J, Griffin C, Sheinberg G, Griffin J, Cross E, Gagné J, Romero A. An open-label clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of an elemental diet for the diagnosis of adverse food reactions in dogs. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:40-50. [PMID: 37621253 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of cutaneous adverse food reactions (CAFR) in dogs is dependent on a diet trial and provocative challenge. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of an elemental diet for the diagnosis of CAFR in dogs. ANIMALS Sixty-two client-owned nonseasonally pruritic dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective, uncontrolled, observational elimination diet trial study. Dogs were fed a commercially available elemental canine diet (Pro Plan Veterinary Diets EL Elemental Canine Formula, Nestlé Purina PetCare Company) for up to eight weeks. Pruritus was assessed using a validated Visual Analog Scale (PVAS), lesions with the Canine Atopic Dermatitis and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI-04) and gastrointestinal (GI) signs with a client questionnaire. All dogs were challenged with their previous diet for up to 14 days. Treats were added from Day (D)7 to D14. RESULTS Forty-five dogs completed the study. Eighteen (40%) of these were diagnosed with CAFR and 27 (60%) were diet-nonresponsive (NR). Dogs with CAFR flared on provocative challenges within 14 days. The smallest volume of previous diet that induced a CAFR flare was one teaspoon in two dogs (11.1%). The mean number of days leading to a provocation of clinical signs was 4.88 days. Gastrointestinal signs improved in both groups. Eight of the dogs with CAFR (44.4%) were subsequently maintained on the elemental diet alone. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Pro Plan Veterinary Diets EL Elemental Canine Formula is efficacious for the diagnosis of canine CAFR. One teaspoon of the offending diet may induce clinical signs in some dogs with CAFR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Galia Sheinberg
- Dermatología Especializada Centro Veterinario Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Joya Griffin
- Animal Dermatology Clinic, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Emily Cross
- Nestlé Purina PetCare Company, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jason Gagné
- Nestlé Purina PetCare Company, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Anahi Romero
- Dermatología Especializada Centro Veterinario Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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13
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Dias C, Costa J, Mafra I, Fernandes D, Brandão ATSC, Silva AF, Pereira CM, Costa R. Electrochemical immunosensor for point-of-care detection of soybean Gly m TI allergen in foods. Talanta 2024; 268:125284. [PMID: 37866307 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is a legume with high technological functionality, commonly used by the food industry as an ingredient in different products. However, soybean is an allergenic food whose undeclared presence in processed foods may represent a public health risk. In this work, it was developed an efficient electrochemical immunosensor, targeting the soybean trypsin inhibitor (Gly m TI) allergen using commercial anti-Gly m TI IgG, aiming at detecting/quantifying minute amounts of soybean in different food formulations. For this purpose, model mixtures of different foods (sausages, cooked-hams, biscuits) were prepared to contain known amounts of soybean protein isolate (100,000-0.1 mg kg-1) and submitted to specific thermal treatments (autoclaving, oven-cooking, baking). The electrochemical immunosensor allowed quantifying down to 0.1 mg kg-1 of soybean in the three food matrices, raw and processed (0.0012 mg of Gly m TI/kg of matrix). Accordingly, the immunosensor is suitable for detecting traces of soybean in raw, processed, and complex foods, thus protecting 99 % of soybean-allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Dias
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto/Instituto de Ciências Moleculares (CIQUP-IMS), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Mafra
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto/Instituto de Ciências Moleculares (CIQUP-IMS), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana T S C Brandão
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto/Instituto de Ciências Moleculares (CIQUP-IMS), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Fernando Silva
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto/Instituto de Ciências Moleculares (CIQUP-IMS), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Pereira
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto/Instituto de Ciências Moleculares (CIQUP-IMS), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Costa
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto/Instituto de Ciências Moleculares (CIQUP-IMS), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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14
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Ito N, Yamamoto-Hanada K, Yang L, Inuzuka Y, Ishikawa F, Fukuie T, Ohya Y. Predictors of oral food challenge outcome in young children. Clin Exp Allergy 2024; 54:64-66. [PMID: 37940623 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagisa Ito
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Limin Yang
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inuzuka
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Fumi Ishikawa
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fukuie
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ohya
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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de Weger WW, Jansen D, van Lente L, van der Meulen GN, Kamps AWA. Eliciting and stop dose during oral food challenges for peanut and common tree nuts in different age groups. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1152. [PMID: 38270304 PMCID: PMC10797649 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral food challenges (OFCs) are used to confirm or reject a diagnosis of food allergy. However, younger children may encounter difficulties in consuming all offered doses during an OFC in the absence of symptoms, resulting in inconclusive outcomes. Our aim is to assess the eliciting dose for objective symptoms among various age groups and determine the necessity of consuming the final dose step during an uneventful OFC to avoid false negative outcomes. METHODS OFCs for common food allergens performed between 2012 and 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The primary outcome was the association of age with stop dose for OFCs with inconclusive outcome. Secondary outcome measures were the association of age with eliciting dose and the potential number of false negative outcomes. RESULTS A total of 1327 OFCs were performed in 707 patients. Of these, 514 (38.7%) were positive, 589 (44.4%) negative, and 224 (16.9%) inconclusive. In OFCs with inconclusive outcome, age appeared to be a significant predictor of the stop dose only for almond (p = .005). Objective symptoms occurred after the last dose step in 2%-13% of all OFCs with positive outcome. In our cohort, potential false negative outcomes may have been drawn in 27.6% of uneventful OFCs. CONCLUSIONS Two third of children under 6 years of age successfully consumed all the provided doses during OFCs with a negative outcome. The eliciting dose for objective symptoms was not associated with age, and in a substantial number of OFCs with positive outcome, symptoms occurred after eating the final dose. These findings suggest that in case of an uneventful OFC, the outcome should be drawn only after a cumulative dose of 4.4 g has been consumed to avoid the risk of a potential false negative outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diede Jansen
- Department of PaediatricsMartini HospitalGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Lidy van Lente
- Department of EpidemiologyMartini HospitalGroningenThe Netherlands
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16
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Kim K, Kim Y, Lee H, Lee C, Kim S, Oh S, Park ZY. Discovery, verification, and validation of walnut protein marker peptides using LC-MS approaches. Food Chem 2023; 429:136889. [PMID: 37467671 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
A key requirement of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based allergenic food protein analysis methods is to use protein marker peptides with good analytical performances in LC-MS analysis of commercial processed foods. In this study, we developed a multi-stage walnut protein marker peptide selection strategy involving marker peptide discovery and verification and LC-MS validation of chemically equivalent stable isotope-labeled peptides. This strategy proposed three walnut protein marker peptides, including two new marker peptides. Our LC-MS-based walnut protein analysis method using the three stable isotope-labeled peptides showed acceptable linearity (R2 >0.99), matrix effects (coefficient of variation <±15%), sensitivity (limit of detection >0.3 pg/μL, limit of quantification >0.8 pg/μL), recovery (85.1-103.4%), accuracy, and precision (coefficient of variation <10%). In conclusion, our multi-stage marker peptide selection strategy effectively selects specific protein marker peptides for sensitive detection and absolute quantification of walnut proteins in LC-MS analysis of commercial processed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungdo Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Cheomdangwagiro123, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yourim Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Cheomdangwagiro123, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hana Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Cheomdangwagiro123, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chaeyoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sooyeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangsuk Oh
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zee-Yong Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Cheomdangwagiro123, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Nachshon L, Westerhout J, Blom WM, Remington B, Levy MB, Goldberg MR, Epstein-Rigbi N, Katz Y, Elizur A. Sesame eliciting and safe doses in a large sesame allergic population. Allergy 2023; 78:3212-3220. [PMID: 37606275 DOI: 10.1111/all.15863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sesame is a significant food allergen causing severe and even fatal reactions. Given its increasing prevalence in western diet, sesame is listed as an allergenic food requiring labeling in the United States and EU. However, data on the population reaction doses to sesame are limited. METHODS All sesame oral food challenges (OFCs), performed either for diagnosis or for threshold identification before the beginning of sesame oral immunotherapy (OIT) between November 2011 and July 2021 in Shamir medical center were analyzed for reaction threshold distribution. Safe-dose challenges with 90-120 min intervals were also analyzed. RESULTS Two hundred and fifty patients underwent 338 positive OFCs, and additional 158 safe-dose OFCs were performed. The discrete and cumulative protein amounts estimated to elicit an objective reaction in 1% (ED01) of the entire cohort (n = 250) were 0.8 mg (range 0.3-6.3) and 0.7 mg (range 0.1-7.1), respectively, and those for 5% of the population (ED05) were 3.4 mg (range 1.2-20.6) and 4.5 mg (range 1.2-28.8), respectively. Safe-dose OFCs showed similar values of ED01 (0.8, 0.4-7.5 mg) and ED05 (3.4, 1.2-22.9 mg). While doses of ≤1 mg sesame protein elicited oral pruritus in 11.6% of the patients, no objective reaction was documented to this amount in any of the challenges, including safe-dose OFCs. CONCLUSIONS This study provides data on sesame reaction threshold distribution in the largest population of allergic patients studied, with no right or left censored data, and with validation using a safe-dose OFC. It further supports the current methods for ED determination as appropriate for establishing safety precautions for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Nachshon
- Institute of Allergy, Immunology and Pediatric Pulmonology, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Joost Westerhout
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W Marty Blom
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Remington
- Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Michael B Levy
- Institute of Allergy, Immunology and Pediatric Pulmonology, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
| | - Michael R Goldberg
- Institute of Allergy, Immunology and Pediatric Pulmonology, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naama Epstein-Rigbi
- Institute of Allergy, Immunology and Pediatric Pulmonology, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Katz
- Institute of Allergy, Immunology and Pediatric Pulmonology, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arnon Elizur
- Institute of Allergy, Immunology and Pediatric Pulmonology, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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18
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Jessen FB, Mortz CG, Eller E, Gudichsen JH, Baekdal EA, Bindslev-Jensen C. A comparison of double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge and open food challenge. Allergy 2023; 78:3204-3211. [PMID: 37539617 DOI: 10.1111/all.15834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) remains the gold standard for diagnosing food allergy, despite sparse comparisons to open food challenges (OpenFCs). The objective of this retrospective study was to compare severity of symptoms and threshold values (cumulative dose of food allergen eliciting a clinical reaction) in children and adults with peanut allergy, challenged in an open and/or double-blind, placebo-controlled protocol. METHODS This study included patients from the Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital with a positive oral food challenge, defined as strict objective signs, with peanut during the period 2001-2022. Severity of symptoms was graded using the Sampson's severity score. Distribution models of threshold values were calculated using log-normal interval-censored survival analysis, and the number of placebo reactions was evaluated. RESULTS In total, 318 positive OpenFCs and 86 DBPCFCs were included. There was no difference in severity of symptoms nor threshold values comparing the two challenge types, neither when stratified for age groups. However, a higher proportion of children experienced Grade 3 symptoms in the double-blind group. Only one patient had a positive reaction to a placebo challenge. CONCLUSION Our findings do not advocate for DBPCFC being superior to OpenFC, if the latter is performed with strict objective stop criteria by trained staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Bloch Jessen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte G Mortz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Esben Eller
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Julie H Gudichsen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Emil A Baekdal
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carsten Bindslev-Jensen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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19
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Smits NG, De Dominicis E, Koops AJ, Kraan R, Saner S, Van Der Fels-Klerx H, Hoek-van den Hil E. Comparison of commercial allergen ELISA kits for egg detection in food matrices. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19687. [PMID: 37780752 PMCID: PMC10539936 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of low levels of egg already can evoke harmful physiological responses in humans in those allergic to eggs. By detection of egg in food products, using Egg ELISA kits to determine its unintended presence, food producers can respond to avoid potential safety or quality risks of their products. Selection of an ELISA kit fit for the issue at hand is challenging due to, amongst others, lack of information on assay performances with specified matrices. In this study, performances of seven commercial egg ELISA kits are compared for nine different relevant matrices: cookie, chocolate, pasta, dressing, stock cube, wine, vegetable drink and milk, ice cream and meat/meat replacers. The presence of egg was unified for all ELISA kits to mg total egg protein kg-1 food product. In every matrix, kit performances for recovery, intra- and interassay were compared, and also processing is accounted for by determination of egg in incurred samples. All seven kits were able to detect egg qualitatively at the VITAL3 ED01 level of 0.2 mg total egg protein and the corresponding relevant portion size for each matrix. For quantitative results, each ELISA kit showed an increase in detected egg concentration with increased egg levels and performed within the set criteria for recovery for the cookie, chocolate, stock cube and wine. For pasta, vegetable drink and milk, ice cream, and salad dressing, recovery of egg was within the set criteria for at least 4 ELISA kits. Most challenging matrices were meat/meat replacers, showing high matrix effects which could not be explained by the possible egg presence in the cognate blank. Only one ELISA kit was able to recover egg within the set criteria for the meat/meat replacer matrix. Results enable food industry to choose for ELISA kits suitable for egg detection in the matrix of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie G.E. Smits
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700, AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Andries J. Koops
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700, AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rian Kraan
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700, AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Samim Saner
- Mérieux NutriSciences R&D, Quality, Operation, France
| | - H.J. Van Der Fels-Klerx
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700, AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elise Hoek-van den Hil
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700, AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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20
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Blom WM, Westerhout J, Houben GF. The 50th percentile of the general population single eating occasion intake of food is optimal for the calculation of action levels for precautionary allergen labelling. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113953. [PMID: 37481229 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Lack of guidance regarding selection of food intake values for allergen risk assessment can lead to different outcomes for similar levels of allergens in food products. Several food consumption survey databases (United States, North-West Europe, and Netherlands) were analyzed to identify optimal food intake percentiles using a sensitivity analysis. Deterministic risk assessment scenarios using the 50th percentile up to the maximum intake per food group were compared with probabilistic risk assessment outcomes. The optimal intake percentile is the lowest percentile that results in a deterministic risk assessment outcome compliant with the predefined safety objective, i.e., the predefined risk of an objective allergic reaction at ED01, ED2.5, ED05 or ED10 doses of 14 allergenic foods. The P50 intake met these criteria in more than 99.9% of all 28,784 scenarios tested. The P50 is therefore recommended for deterministic allergen risk assessment and calculation of action levels for precautionary allergen labelling. In case a P50 value is not available, the mean is a good alternative, as analyses of the intake data showed that the mean generally is between the P50 and P65.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Marty Blom
- TNO, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Joost Westerhout
- TNO, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Geert F Houben
- TNO, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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21
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Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, Hirsch‐Ernst KI, Knutsen HK, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Marchelli R, Van Loveren H, Valtueña Martínez S, de Henauw S. Re-evaluation of behenic acid from mustard seeds to be used in the manufacturing of certain emulsifiers pursuant to Article 21(2) of Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 - for permanent exemption from labelling. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08240. [PMID: 37753350 PMCID: PMC10518752 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to review a scientific assessment related to a notification from DuPont Nutrition Biosciences Aps on behenic acid from mustard seeds to be used in the manufacturing of certain emulsifiers pursuant to Article 21(2) of Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 - for permanent exemption from labelling. The EC requested EFSA to consider comments raised by the German authorities in relation to: (a) the maximum amount of mustard protein that could be consumed from the emulsifiers manufactured from behenic acid (E470a, E471 and E477) on a single occasion and (b) the minimal observed eliciting dose (MOED) triggering allergic reactions in mustard-allergic individuals. The maximum amount of mustard protein content in behenic acid was re-assessed in view of new analytical data provided by the applicant. Intake estimates by the EFSA ANS Panel for E471 (adults) were used as a proxy for the combined intake (E470a, E471 and E477). Food challenge data and systematic reviews thereof deriving population minimal observed eliciting dose distributions for mustard protein were used to calculate the MOED and estimate the risk. The margin of exposure between the MOED (0.26 mg mustard protein) and the maximum amount of mustard protein that could be consumed from the emulsifiers on a single occasion (0.00895475 mg) is 29. It is predicted that between 0.1% and 1% of the mustard allergic population would react with mild objective symptoms to that dose. Overall, the assessment is conservative, particularly in relation to the exposure. Based on the information and data available, the NDA Panel concludes that it is extremely unlikely (≤ 1% probability) that oral consumption of emulsifiers to be manufactured using behenic acid from mustard seeds (i.e. E470a, E471 and E477) will trigger an allergic reaction in mustard-allergic individuals under the proposed conditions of use.
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22
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Fiocchi A, Monaci L, De Angelis E, Calandrelli V, Dahdah L, Valluzzi R, Urbani S, Mazzuca C, Arasi S, Cafarotti A, Riccardi C, Artesani MC, Putignani L, Pecora V, Marzano V, Fierro V. Reactivity to allergenic food contaminants: A study on products on the market. Clin Transl Allergy 2023; 13:e12301. [PMID: 37746792 PMCID: PMC10515704 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency and severity of reactions in food-allergic consumers exposed to unintentional food allergen contamination during production is unknown. To warn allergic consumers, it has been suggested for pre-packaged foods to be precautionary labelled when the food allergen contamination may exceed the amount to which 1%-5% of the population could react (ED01-ED05). ED01 for hazelnut and milk have been estimated at 0.1 and 0.2 mg, respectively, by the Voluntary Incidental Trace Allergen Labelling (VITAL) initiative. The respective reference doses recommended by the FAO/WHO Codex consultation are 3 and 2 mg. We evaluated the reactivity to potential traces of milk and hazelnut allergens in allergen-free pre-packaged products by children affected by severe allergies to milk and hazelnuts. METHODS Oral Food Challenges with commercially available hazelnut-free wafer biscuits and milk-free chocolate pralines were administered to patients with severe food allergies to hazelnut and cow's milk, respectively. Contamination levels of milk or hazelnut allergens were measured using chromatographic separation interfaced with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. RESULTS No hazelnut allergic patient showed allergic reactions to exposure to biscuits, nor any milk allergic patient displayed allergic reactions to the dark chocolate praline. While no hazelnut trace was detected in biscuits, the praline was found to be contaminated by milk at concentrations ranging between 8 and 35 mg total protein/kg food. In our dose model, these amounts exceeded 1.5-10 times the VITAL ED01 and reached the threshold suggested by the FAO/WHO Codex consultation. CONCLUSIONS Upon the consumption of food products available on the market, many patients with severe food allergies tolerate significantly higher doses of allergen than reference doses indicated in the VITAL system used for precautionary allergen labelling. These doses support the safety of the FAO/WHO recommended reference doses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Monaci
- Institute of Sciences of Food ProductionCNR‐ISPABariItaly
| | | | | | - Lamia Dahdah
- Allergy DptBambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Rocco Valluzzi
- Allergy DptBambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Sara Urbani
- Allergy DptBambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Carmen Mazzuca
- Allergy DptBambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Stefania Arasi
- Allergy DptBambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | | | - Carla Riccardi
- Allergy DptBambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | | | - Lorenza Putignani
- Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic ImmunologyBambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
- Unit of Human MicrobiomeDepartment of Diagnostics and Laboratory MedicineBambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | | | - Valeria Marzano
- Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic ImmunologyBambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
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23
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Blaschke V, Berten A, Sprenger H, Zagon J, Winkel M. Filling Analytical Gaps in Allergen Detection─Real-Time PCR for the Detection of Commercially Relevant Cephalopods and Gastropods in Food. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12029-12042. [PMID: 37500067 PMCID: PMC10416776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Mollusks belong to the group of shellfish, which are considered to be among the elicitors of severe food allergies worldwide. In recent years, numerous PCR detection methods have been developed for other shellfish such as crustaceans. However, cephalopods and gastropods were not considered in the development of these shellfish detection systems. In this study, we have developed highly specific real-time PCR methods for the comprehensive detection of all commercially relevant cephalopod species and the gastropod families Helicidae, Buccinidae, and Muricidae in food matrices. In total, we cross-tested over 100 animal and plant species to show the specificity of our systems. The limit of detection (LOD12) was set at 1 pg of cephalopod and gastropod DNA or 10 ppm (mg/kg) spiked in a vegetarian food product. The robustness of the protocol was confirmed by testing multiple parameters while cooking and autoclaving of samples ensured the practical applicability of the systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Blaschke
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), P.O. Box 330013, D-14191 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alea Berten
- Technische
Universität Berlin, Institute for
Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), P.O. Box 330013, D-14191 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jutta Zagon
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), P.O. Box 330013, D-14191 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Winkel
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), P.O. Box 330013, D-14191 Berlin, Germany
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24
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Krutz NL, Kimber I, Winget J, Nguyen MN, Limviphuvadh V, Maurer-Stroh S, Mahony C, Gerberick GF. Application of AllerCatPro 2.0 for protein safety assessments of consumer products. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1209495. [PMID: 37497076 PMCID: PMC10367106 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1209495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Foreign proteins are potentially immunogenic, and a proportion of these are able to induce immune responses that result in allergic sensitization. Subsequent exposure of sensitized subjects to the inducing protein can provoke a variety of allergic reactions that may be severe, or even fatal. It has therefore been recognized for some time that it is important to determine a priori whether a given protein has the potential to induce allergic responses in exposed subjects. For example, the need to assess whether transgene products expressed in genetically engineered crop plants have allergenic properties. This is not necessarily a straightforward exercise (as discussed elsewhere in this edition), but the task becomes even more challenging when there is a need to conduct an overall allergenicity safety assessment of complex mixtures of proteins in botanicals or other natural sources that are to be used in consumer products. This paper describes a new paradigm for the allergenicity safety assessment of proteins that is based on the use of AllerCatPro 2.0, a new version of a previously described web application model developed for the characterization of the allergenic potential of proteins. Operational aspects of AllerCatPro 2.0 are described with emphasis on the application of new features that provide improvements in the predictions of allergenic properties such as the identification of proteins with high allergenic concern. Furthermore, the paper provides a description of strategies of how AllerCatPro 2.0 can best be deployed as a screening tool for identifying suitable proteins as ingredients in consumer products as well as a tool, in conjunction with label-free proteomic analysis, for identifying and semiquantifying protein allergens in complex materials. Lastly, the paper discusses the steps that are recommended for formal allergenicity safety assessment of novel consumer products which contain proteins, including consideration and integration of predicted consumer exposure metrics. The article therefore provides a holistic perspective of the processes through which effective protein safety assessments can be made of potential allergenic hazards and risks associated with exposure to proteins in consumer products, with a particular focus on the use of AllerCatPro 2.0 for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora L. Krutz
- NV Procter & Gamble Services Company SA, Global Product Stewardship, Strombeek-Bever, Belgium
| | - Ian Kimber
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Winget
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, United States
| | - Minh N. Nguyen
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- IFCS Programme, Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vachiranee Limviphuvadh
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- IFCS Programme, Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- IFCS Programme, Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- YLL School of Medicine and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Catherine Mahony
- Procter & Gamble, Global Product Stewardship, Reading, United Kingdom
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25
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Anagnostou A, Lieberman J, Greenhawt M, Mack DP, Santos AF, Venter C, Stukus D, Turner PJ, Brough HA. The future of food allergy: Challenging existing paradigms of clinical practice. Allergy 2023; 78:1847-1865. [PMID: 37129472 DOI: 10.1111/all.15757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of food allergy has seen tremendous change over the past 5-10 years with seminal studies redefining our approach to prevention and management and novel testing modalities in the horizon. Early introduction of allergenic foods is now recommended, challenging the previous paradigm of restrictive avoidance. The management of food allergy has shifted from a passive avoidance approach to active interventions that aim to provide protection from accidental exposures, decrease allergic reaction severity and improve the quality of life of food-allergic patients and their families. Additionally, novel diagnostic tools are making their way into clinical practice with the goal to reduce the need for food challenges and assist physicians in the-often complex-diagnostic process. With all the new developments and available choices for diagnosis, prevention and therapy, shared decision-making has become a key part of medical consultation, enabling patients to make the right choice for them, based on their values and preferences. Communication with patients has also become more complex over time, as patients are seeking advice online and through social media, but the information found online may be outdated, incorrect, or lacking in context. The role of the allergist has evolved to embrace all the above exciting developments and provide patients with the optimal care that fits their needs. In this review, we discuss recent developments as well as the evolution of the field of food allergy in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Anagnostou
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Immunology, Allergy and Retrovirology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Section of Allergy, Immunology & Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jay Lieberman
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, LeBonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew Greenhawt
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Food Challenge and Research Unit, Children's Hospital Colorado, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Douglas Paul Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra F Santos
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Courses Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Children's Allergy Service and Children's Allergy Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Carina Venter
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - David Stukus
- Section of Allergy, Immunology & Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul J Turner
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Helen A Brough
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Courses Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Children's Allergy Service and Children's Allergy Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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26
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Anagnostou A, Muraro A. Can we identify patients at risk of severe reactions to food? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:1427-1430. [PMID: 37753864 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2265069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Anagnostou
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Retrovirology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonella Muraro
- UOSD Department of Pediatric and Adult Food Allergies, University Hospital of Padua
- Center for the Study and Cure of Allergies and Food Intolerance of the Veneto Region, University Hospital of Padua
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27
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Moreira P, Costa J, Villa C, Mafra I, Brandão ATSC, Dias C, Silva AF, Pereira CM, Costa R. Plasmonic genosensor for detecting hazelnut Cor a 14-encoding gene for food allergen monitoring. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1259:341168. [PMID: 37100473 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
A plasmonic nanostructure was constructed as a biorecognition element coupled to an optical sensing platform in sandwich format, targeting the hazelnut Cor a 14 allergen-encoding gene. The analytical performance of the genosensor presented a linear dynamic range between 100 amol L-1 and 1 nmol L-1, a limit of detection (LOD) < 19.9 amol L-1, and a sensitivity of 13.4 ± 0.6 m°. The genosensor was successfully hybridized with hazelnut PCR products, tested with model foods, and further validated by real-time PCR. It reached a LOD <0.001% (10 mg kg-1) of hazelnut in wheat material (corresponding to 1.6 mg kg-1 of protein) and a sensitivity of -17.2 ± 0.5 m° for a linear range of 0.001%-1%. Herein, a new genosensing approach is proposed as a highly sensitive and specific alternative tool with potential application in monitoring hazelnut as an allergenic food, protecting the health of sensitized/allergic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Moreira
- Instituto de Ciências Moleculares/Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto (IMS/CIQUP), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV/Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - Caterina Villa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV/Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Mafra
- REQUIMTE-LAQV/Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana T S C Brandão
- Instituto de Ciências Moleculares/Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto (IMS/CIQUP), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Dias
- Instituto de Ciências Moleculares/Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto (IMS/CIQUP), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Fernando Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Moleculares/Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto (IMS/CIQUP), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências Moleculares/Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto (IMS/CIQUP), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Moleculares/Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto (IMS/CIQUP), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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28
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Xiao C, Ross G, Nielen MWF, Eriksson J, Salentijn GI, Mak WC. A portable smartphone-based imaging surface plasmon resonance biosensor for allergen detection in plant-based milks. Talanta 2023; 257:124366. [PMID: 36863294 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Food allergies are hypersensitivity immune responses triggered by (traces of) allergenic compounds in foods and drinks. The recent trend towards plant-based and lactose-free diets has driven an increased consumption of plant-based milks (PBMs) with the risk of cross-contamination of various allergenic plant-based proteins during the food manufacturing process. Conventional allergen screening is usually performed in the laboratory, but portable biosensors for on-site screening of food allergens at the production site could improve quality control and food safety. Here, we developed a portable smartphone imaging surface plasmon resonance (iSPR) biosensor composed of a 3D-printed microfluidic SPR chip for the detection of total hazelnut protein (THP) in commercial PBMs and compared its instrumentation and analytical performance with a conventional benchtop SPR. The smartphone iSPR shows similar characteristic sensorgrams compared with the benchtop SPR and enables the detection of trace levels of THP in spiked PBMs with the lowest tested concentration of 0.625 μg/mL THP. The smartphone iSPR achieved LoDs of 0.53, 0.16, 0.14, 0.06, and 0.04 μg/mL THP in 10x-diluted soy, oat, rice, coconut, and almond PBMs, respectively, with good correlation with the conventional benchtop SPR system (R2 0.950-0.991). The portability and miniaturized characteristics of the smartphone iSPR biosensor platform make it promising for the future on-site detection of food allergens by food producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Xiao
- Division of Sensor and Actuator Systems, IFM - Linköping University, S58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Georgina Ross
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700, AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Helix Building 124, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700, AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Helix Building 124, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jens Eriksson
- Division of Sensor and Actuator Systems, IFM - Linköping University, S58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gert Ij Salentijn
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700, AE, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Helix Building 124, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Wing Cheung Mak
- Division of Sensor and Actuator Systems, IFM - Linköping University, S58183, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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29
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Versluis A, Le TM, Houben GF, Knulst AC, Van Os-Medendorp H. Accidental allergic reactions to food in adolescents and adults: An overview of the factors involved and implications for prevention. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1062049. [PMID: 36970066 PMCID: PMC10036762 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1062049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Accidental allergic reactions to food are one of the major problems in adult patients diagnosed with food allergy. Such reactions occur frequently, are often severe and are associated with higher medical and non-medical costs. The aim of this Perspective is to provide insight into the different factors involved in the occurrence of accidental allergic reactions and to present an overview of practical implications for effective preventive measures. Several factors affect the occurrence of accidental reactions. These factors are related to the patient, health care, or food. The most important patient-related factors are age, social barriers to disclosing their allergy and non-adherence to the elimination diet. With regards to healthcare, the degree to which clinical practice is tailored to the individual patient is an important factor. The major food-related factor is the absence of adequate precautionary allergen labeling (PAL) guidelines. Since many factors are involved in accidental allergic reactions, different preventive strategies are needed. It is highly recommended that health care be tailored to the individual patient, with regard to education about the elimination diet, support on behavioral and psychosocial aspects, usage of shared decision-making and taking into account health literacy. In addition, it is crucial that steps are taken to improve policies and guidelines for PAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Versluis
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Correspondence: Astrid Versluis Harmieke Van Os-Medendorp
| | - Thuy-My Le
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Geert F. Houben
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- TNO, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - André C. Knulst
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Harmieke Van Os-Medendorp
- School of Health, Saxion University of Applied Sciences, Enschede, Netherlands
- Correspondence: Astrid Versluis Harmieke Van Os-Medendorp
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Sharma GM, Ma Y, Luccioli S. Recalls Associated with Food Allergens and Gluten in FDA-Regulated Foods from Fiscal Years 2013 to 2019. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100069. [PMID: 36940660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Allergens are one of the leading causes of food recalls in the US. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) enforces requirements relating to major food allergens (MFAs) and gluten-free labeling to ensure food safety for allergic and celiac patients, respectively. Violative foods are subject to recalls. In this study, recall data for FDA-regulated foods were analyzed for fiscal years (FYs) 2013-2019 to identify trends and root causes associated with 1471 food allergen and gluten recalls. Of the 1471 recalls, 1415 recalls were due to MFAs, 34 recalls were due to gluten-free labeling violation and 23 recalls involved other allergens. Recalls due to MFAs overall increased during the study period with a peak incidence in FY 2017. MFA recall health hazard classifications were assessed as Class I (51.2%), Class II (45.5%), and Class III (3.3%). A majority of MFA recalls involved one allergen (78.8%). Milk was the most common MFA involved in MFA recalls (37.5%), followed by soy (22.5%) and tree nuts (21.6%). Almond, anchovy, and shrimp were the most common allergens recalled within the MFA groups of tree nuts, fish, and Crustacean shellfish, respectively. About 97% of MFA recalls involved one product category and among them, the category of 'bakery products, dough, bakery mixes and icings' ranked first (367 recalls), followed by the category of 'chocolate and cocoa products' (120 recalls). Labeling-associated errors accounted for 71.1% of MFA recalls with known root causes (914 out of 1286). It is important for the industry to develop and implement appropriate allergen controls to reduce the number of MFA recalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girdhari M Sharma
- Office of Food Safety, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Yinqing Ma
- Office of Compliance, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Stefano Luccioli
- Office of Compliance, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
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Geng Q, Zhang Y, Song M, Zhou X, Tang Y, Wu Z, Chen H. Allergenicity of peanut allergens and its dependence on the structure. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:1058-1081. [PMID: 36624611 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Food allergies are a global food safety problem. Peanut allergies are common due, in part, to their popular utilization in the food industry. Peanut allergy is typically an immunoglobulin E-mediated reaction, and peanuts contain 17 allergens belonging to different families in peanut. In this review, we first introduce the mechanisms and management of peanut allergy, followed by the basic structures of associated allergens. Subsequently, we summarize methods of epitope localization for peanut allergens. These methods can be instrumental in speeding up the discovery of allergenicity-dependent structures. Many attempts have been made to decrease the allergenicity of peanuts. The structures of hypoallergens, which are manufactured during processing, were analyzed to strengthen the desensitization process and allergen immunotherapy. The identification of conformational epitopes is the bottleneck in both peanut and food allergies. Further, the identification and modification of such epitopes will lead to improved strategies for managing and preventing peanut allergy. Combining traditional wet chemistry research with structure simulation studies will help in the epitopes' localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Yanagida N, Sato S, Nagakura KI, Takahashi K, Fusayasu N, Miura Y, Itonaga T, Ogura K, Ebisawa M. Relationship between serum allergen-specific immunoglobulin E and threshold dose in an oral food challenge. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e13926. [PMID: 36974646 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported threshold doses for food allergens. However, evidence regarding potential risk factors for low threshold doses is limited. Moreover, the relationship between threshold dose and specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels to causative foods remains unclear. This study examined the relationship and the risk factors for a low threshold dose. METHODS We recruited children with food allergies and examined the risk factors for a positive oral food challenge (OFC) with a low threshold dose and anaphylaxis. RESULTS We evaluated 2501 children with food allergies (1667 [67%] boys; median age, 4.9 years) to eggs (n = 1096), milk (n = 671), wheat (n = 370), peanuts (n = 258), walnuts (n = 65), and cashews (n = 41). Of these patients, 234 (9%) reacted to ≤30 mg protein of causative foods and 620 (25%) reacted to ≤100 mg protein of causative foods. The sIgE level to causative foods was a significant independent factor for positive OFCs with a threshold dose of ≤30 mg for milk, wheat, and peanuts; ≤ 100 mg for eggs, milk, wheat, peanuts, and cashews; and anaphylaxis from eggs, milk, wheat, peanuts, and walnuts. High sIgE levels to causative foods were associated with a lower threshold dose of the OFC and anaphylaxis during the OFC. CONCLUSIONS Approximately 9% of patients reacted to ≤30 mg protein of causative foods. The potential risks of anaphylaxis should be considered during OFCs for patients with elevated sIgE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Yanagida
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sakura Sato
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nagakura
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kyohei Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoko Fusayasu
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takaaki Itonaga
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyotake Ogura
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motohiro Ebisawa
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Villa C, Costa J, Mafra I. Detection and quantification of white and black sesame as potential allergenic ingredients in processed foods: A comparative gene marker study. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Magnan A, Nicolas JF, Caimmi D, Vocanson M, Haddad T, Colas L, Scurati S, Mascarell L, Shamji MH. Deciphering Differential Behavior of Immune Responses as the Foundation for Precision Dosing in Allergen Immunotherapy. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020324. [PMID: 36836557 PMCID: PMC9964800 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Like in many fields of medicine, the concept of precision dosing has re-emerged in routine practice in allergology. Only one retrospective study on French physicians' practice has addressed this topic so far and generated preliminary data supporting dose adaptation, mainly based on experience, patient profile understanding and response to treatment. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors shape the individual immune system response to allergen immunotherapy (AIT). Herein, we focus on key immune cells (i.e., dendritic cells, innate lymphoid cells, B and T cells, basophils and mast cells) involved in allergic disease and its resolution to further understand the effect of AIT on the phenotype, frequency or polarization of these cells. We strive to discriminate differences in immune responses between responders and non-responders to AIT, and discuss the eligibility of a non/low-responder subset for dose adaptation. A differential behavior in immune cells is clearly observed in responders, highlighting the importance of conducting clinical trials with large cohorts of well-characterized subjects to decipher the immune mechanism of AIT. We conclude that there is a need for designing new clinical and mechanistic studies to support the scientific rationale of dose adaptation in the interest of patients who do not properly respond to AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Magnan
- INRAe UMR 0892, Hôpital Foch, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, Paris-Saclay, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Jean-François Nicolas
- CIRI-International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, Lyon1 University, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Davide Caimmi
- Allergy Unit, Department Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Vocanson
- CIRI-International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, Lyon1 University, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Haddad
- Dermatology, Allergology and Vascular Medicine, Tenon Hospital, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Luc Colas
- Plateforme Transversale d’Allergologie, Clinique Dermatologique, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
- UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, INSERM, Nantes Université, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Silvia Scurati
- Stallergenes Greer, 92160 Antony, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-6-12-88-40-93
| | | | - Mohamed H. Shamji
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London W2 1NY, UK
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A sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (sELISA) for the detection of walnut residues in processed food. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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36
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Visual inspection of surface sanitation: Defining the conditions that enhance the human threshold for detection of food residues. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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La Vieille S, Hourihane JO, Baumert JL. Precautionary Allergen Labeling: What Advice Is Available for Health Care Professionals, Allergists, and Allergic Consumers? THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:977-985. [PMID: 36682535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In most countries, the use of precautionary allergen labeling (PAL) is not governed by regulation. PAL was initially identified as a judicious risk management measure to address instances of "unavoidable" cross-contact with priority food allergens during food processing. However, PAL has gradually been devalued in part due to overuse and inconsistent application by the food industry. Currently, most food products do not contain detectable allergen residue or contain only low concentrations of residue of the allergens declared using PAL; however, occasionally, high concentrations of allergen residue are reported, rendering it an ineffective risk communication tool for allergic consumers. In this context, several reasons exist that make the consumption of products bearing a PAL statement not advisable for people with food allergies. The main reason is that the risk is generally not correlated with the statement used by manufacturers. Because of the increased use of PAL on prepackaged food products, and to maximize food choices for allergic individuals, health care professionals increasingly advise some patients considered to be "not highly allergic" to consume products bearing a PAL statement. This article explains why the consumption of products with PAL is not advisable without having a full clinical evaluation and knowledge that an allergen risk assessment has been conducted. It also discusses the perspectives for a better use of PAL on the basis of the recent Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization recommendations on food allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien La Vieille
- Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Food Science Department, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | | | - Joseph L Baumert
- Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb
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Cafarotti A, Giovannini M, Begìn P, Brough HA, Arasi S. Management of IgE-mediated food allergy in the 21st century. Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:25-38. [PMID: 36200952 PMCID: PMC10092460 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The 21st century has seen the propulsion of research in the field of food allergy, which has driven real changes in the clinical approach. Allergen immunotherapy has been recommended for the active management of food allergy. Data have shown promising additional methods of treatment, including biologics. Efforts have been devoted to the risk stratification of food allergy and the standardization of the assessment of food-allergic severity. Alternative routes of administration of epinephrine are under investigation to minimize any mechanical issue and the fear of injections. Evidence-based guidelines have been published by the main international societies in the field of anaphylaxis and food allergy management and new updates are in preparation. In the coming years, treatment options that are currently in pre-clinical or early clinical evaluation will hopefully lead to safe and effective disease-modifying therapies for food allergy in clinical practice. The identification of reliable biomarkers and the standardization of definitions and measurement approaches, alongside a shared decision-making with patients and families, will be key for the development of personalized care and to help minimize the substantial burden of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Cafarotti
- Allergy Unit - Area of Translational Research in Pediatric Specialities, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Giovannini
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Philippe Begìn
- Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Division, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Allergy and Clinical Immunology Division, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Helen A Brough
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Hospital, London, UK.,Paediatric Allergy Group, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stefania Arasi
- Allergy Unit - Area of Translational Research in Pediatric Specialities, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Villa C, Costa J, Mafra I. Sesame as a source of food allergens: clinical relevance, molecular characterization, cross-reactivity, stability toward processing and detection strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4746-4762. [PMID: 36377716 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2145263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sesame is an allergenic food with an increasing allergy prevalence among the European/USA population. Sesame allergy is generally life-persisting, being the cause of severe/systemic adverse immune responses in sesame-allergic individuals. Herein, clinical data about sesame allergy, including prevalence, diagnosis, relevance, and treatments are described, with focus on the molecular characterization of sesame allergens, their cross-reactivity and co-sensitization phenomena. The influence of food processing and digestibility on the stability/immunoreactivity of sesame allergens is critically discussed and the analytical approaches available for their detection in foodstuffs. Cross-reactivity between sesame and tree nuts or peanuts is frequent because of the high similarities among proteins of the same family. However, cross-reactivity phenomena are not always correlated with true clinical allergy in sensitized patients. Data suggest that sesame allergens are resistant to heat treatments and digestibility, with little effect on their immunoreactivity. Nevertheless, data are scarce, evidencing the need for more research to understand the effect of food processing on sesame allergenicity modulation. The demands for identifying trace amounts of sesame in foods have prompted the development of analytical methods, which have targeted both protein and DNA markers, providing reliable, specific, and sensitive tools, crucial for the effective management of sesame as an allergenic food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Villa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Mafra
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, Portugal
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40
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Detection of cumin powder adulteration with allergenic nutshells using FT-IR and portable NIRS coupled with chemometrics. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kopko C, Garthoff J, Zhou K, Meunier L, O'Sullivan A, Fattori V. Are alternative proteins increasing food allergies? Trends, drivers and future perspectives. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Blaschke VM, Tran TU, Naneh M, Zagon J, Winkel M. An improved duplex real-time PCR method for the systematic detection of commercially relevant crustaceans in food. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yanagida N, Takei M, Saito A, Sato S, Ebisawa M. Clinical cross-reactivity of wheat and barley in children with wheat allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13878. [PMID: 36433849 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported in vitro cross-reactivity between wheat and barley. However, evidence regarding the clinical cross-reactivity of wheat and barley is limited. This study examined the clinical cross-reactivity of barley and wheat among children with immediate-type wheat allergies. METHODS We examined the threshold dose of a wheat oral food challenge for wheat-allergic children. We examined the reactivity of barley, and the oral food challenges of barley tea and barley rice were implemented as needed. We measured the specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels in wheat, ω-5 gliadin, and barley. RESULTS We evaluated 53 children (39 [74%] boys) with a median age of 6.6 years. Among them, 39 (74%) patients had a history of anaphylaxis to wheat. The median wheat-, barley-, and ω-5 gliadin-sIgE levels were 57.3, 12.1, and 3.2 kUA /L, respectively. Twelve patients reacted to barley tea (1.8 mg), 14 reacted to barley rice (220-440 mg), and 27 were tolerant to barley tea and barley rice. Barley-allergic patients had significantly higher wheat- and ω-5 gliadin- and barley-sIgE levels and significantly lower threshold doses of wheat than barley-tolerant patients. Omega-5 gliadin-sIgE was the most useful predictor of barley allergy among wheat-allergic patients; the ω-5 gliadin-sIgE 95% positive predictive value for barley allergy was 4.6 kUA /L. CONCLUSIONS Half of wheat-allergic children reacted to barley. A lower threshold dose of wheat is related to cross-reactive barley allergies. Omega-5 gliadin-sIgE predicts cross-reactive barley allergy in children allergic to wheat. Clinical cross-reactivity to barley should be considered in the management of wheat-allergic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Yanagida
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Mari Takei
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Akemi Saito
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Sakura Sato
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Motohiro Ebisawa
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
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Valluzzi RL, Riccardi C, Arasi S, Piscitelli AL, Calandrelli V, Dahdah L, Fierro V, Mennini M, Fiocchi A. Cow's milk and egg protein threshold dose distributions in children tolerant to beef, baked milk, and baked egg. Allergy 2022; 77:3052-3060. [PMID: 35652800 PMCID: PMC9796240 DOI: 10.1111/all.15397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of eliciting doses (EDs) for food allergens is necessary to inform individual dietary advice and food allergen risk-management. The Eliciting Dose 01 (ED01) for milk and egg, calculated from populations of allergic subjects undergoing oral food challenges (OFCs), are 0.2 mg total protein. The respective Eliciting Dose 05 (ED05) is 2.4 mg for milk and 2.3 mg for egg. As about 70% children allergic to such foods may tolerate them when baked, we sought to verify the EDs of that subpopulation of milk and egg-allergic children. METHODS We retrospectively assessed consecutive OFC for fresh milk and egg between January 2018 and December 2020 in a population of baked food-tolerant children. RESULTS Among 288 children (median age 56 - IQR 36-92.5 months, 67.1% male) included, 87 (30.2%) returned positive OFC results, 38 with milk and 49 with egg. The most conservative ED01 was 0.3 mg total protein (IQR 0.03-2.9) for milk and 14.4 mg total protein (IQR 3.6-56.9) for egg. The respective ED05 was 4.2 (IQR 0.9-19.6) mg for milk and 87.7 (IQR 43-179) mg for egg. Such thresholds are, respectively, 1.5 (milk ED01), 1.75 (milk ED05), 72 (egg ED01), and 38.35 (egg ED05) times higher than the currently used thresholds. CONCLUSIONS The subpopulation of children allergic to milk and egg, but tolerant to baked proteins, displays higher reactivity thresholds than the general population of children allergic to milk and egg. Their risk stratification, in both individual and population terms, should consider this difference. In baked milk-tolerant children, milk causes reactions at lower doses than egg in our group of egg-tolerant children. This could be associated with the relative harmlessness of egg compared with milk in the determinism of fatal anaphylactic reactions in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Luigi Valluzzi
- Translational Research in Paediatric Specialities Area, Allergy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Carla Riccardi
- Translational Research in Paediatric Specialities Area, Allergy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Stefania Arasi
- Translational Research in Paediatric Specialities Area, Allergy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Anna Lucia Piscitelli
- Translational Research in Paediatric Specialities Area, Allergy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Veronica Calandrelli
- Translational Research in Paediatric Specialities Area, Allergy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Lamia Dahdah
- Translational Research in Paediatric Specialities Area, Allergy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Vincenzo Fierro
- Translational Research in Paediatric Specialities Area, Allergy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Maurizio Mennini
- Translational Research in Paediatric Specialities Area, Allergy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Alessandro Fiocchi
- Translational Research in Paediatric Specialities Area, Allergy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
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Graham F, Fiocchi A. The importance of threshold dose-distribution data for priority allergens and the need for future studies. Allergy 2022; 77:2886-2887. [PMID: 35608990 DOI: 10.1111/all.15387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- François Graham
- Division of Adult Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alessandro Fiocchi
- Translational Research in Pediatric Specialities Area, Division of Allergy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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Turner PJ, Gretzinger M, Patel N, Brough HA, Chinthrajah RS, Ebisawa M, Elizur A, Koplin JJ, Peters RL, Purington N, Nowak‐Wegrzyn A, Saf S, Sampson HA, Westerhout J, Blom WM, Baumert JL, Houben GF, Remington BC. Updated threshold dose-distribution data for sesame. Allergy 2022; 77:3124-3162. [PMID: 35531634 PMCID: PMC9790362 DOI: 10.1111/all.15364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Turner
- National Heart & Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Nandinee Patel
- National Heart & Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Helen A. Brough
- Children's Allergy ServiceEvelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation HospitalLondonUK,Department of Paediatric AllergyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - R. Sharon Chinthrajah
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma ResearchStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Motohiro Ebisawa
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and RheumatologyNational Hospital Organization Sagamihara National HospitalSagamiharaJapan
| | - Arnon Elizur
- Institute of Allergy, Immunology and Pediatric PulmonologyYitzhak Shamir Medical CenterZerifinIsrael,Department of Pediatrics, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Jennifer J. Koplin
- Population HealthThe Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Rachel L. Peters
- Population HealthThe Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Natasha Purington
- Department of Medicine, Quantitative Sciences UnitStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Anna Nowak‐Wegrzyn
- Allergy and Immunology, Department of PediatricsNew York University Langone HealthNew YorkNYUSA,Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Collegium MedicumUniversity of Warmia and MazuryOlsztynPoland
| | - Sarah Saf
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and ImmunologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA,Department of Allergology‐Centre de l'Asthme et des AllergiesHôpital d'Enfants Armand TrousseauParisFrance
| | - Hugh A. Sampson
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and ImmunologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Joost Westerhout
- TNO, The Netherlands Organisation of Applied Scientific ResearchUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - W. Marty Blom
- TNO, The Netherlands Organisation of Applied Scientific ResearchUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Joseph L. Baumert
- Food Allergy Research and Resource ProgramUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Geert F. Houben
- TNO, The Netherlands Organisation of Applied Scientific ResearchUtrechtThe Netherlands
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47
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Blom WM, Westerhout J, Baumert JL, Meima MY, Turner PJ, Ebisawa M, Yanagida N, Remington BC, Houben GF. Updated full range of Eliciting Dose values for Cow's milk for use in food allergen risk assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 168:113381. [PMID: 35995077 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Access to Eliciting Doses (ED) for allergens enables advanced food allergen risk assessment. Previously, the full ED range for 14 allergenic foods, including milk, and recommendations for their use were provided (Houben et al., 2020). Additional food challenge studies with cow's milk-allergic patients added 247 data points to the original dataset. Using the Stacked Model Averaging statistical method for interval-censored data on the 697 individual NOAELs and LOAELs for milk generated an updated full ED distribution. The ED01 and ED05, the doses at which 1% and 5% of the milk-allergic population would be predicted to experience any objective allergic reaction, were 0.3 and 3.2 mg milk protein for the discrete and 0.4 mg and 4.3 mg milk protein for the cumulative dose distribution, respectively. These values are slightly higher but remain within the 95% confidence interval of previously published EDs. We recommend using the updated EDs for future characterization of risks of exposure of milk-allergic individuals to milk protein. This paper contributes to the discussion on the Reference Dose for milk in the recent Ad hoc Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Risk Assessment of Food Allergens. It will also benefit harmonization of food allergen risk assessment and risk management globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Marty Blom
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Joost Westerhout
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joseph L Baumert
- Food Allergy Research and Resources Program, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Food Innovation Center, 1901 N 21 Street, PO Box 886207, USA
| | - Marie Y Meima
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J Turner
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Motohiro Ebisawa
- National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1, Sakuradai, Minami-ku Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0392, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Yanagida
- National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1, Sakuradai, Minami-ku Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0392, Japan
| | - Benjamin C Remington
- Food Allergy Research and Resources Program, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Food Innovation Center, 1901 N 21 Street, PO Box 886207, USA
| | - Geert F Houben
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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48
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Henrottin J, Pilolli R, Huet AC, van Poucke C, Nitride C, De Loose M, Tranquet O, Larré C, Adel-Patient K, Bernard H, Mills EC, Gillard N, Monaci L. Optimization of a sample preparation workflow based on UHPLC-MS/MS method for multi-allergen detection in chocolate: An outcome of the ThRAll project. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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49
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Zhao J, Li Y, Li R, Timira V, Dasanayaka BP, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Lin H, Li Z. Evaluation of poly- and monoclonal antibody-based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for their performance to detect crustacean residues in processed foods. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Single-tube nested real-time PCR versus normalised real-time PCR for the quantification of allergenic cashew nut in foods: Impact of thermal processing and matrix. Food Chem 2022; 397:133778. [PMID: 35908469 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, three allergen-encoding genes (Ana o 1, Ana o 2, Ana o 3) were investigated for the detection of cashew nut as an allergenic food. Normalised and single-tube nested real-time PCR approaches targeting the Ana o 2 or Ana o 3 genes are proposed and compared. Normalised real-time PCR detected 10 pg, while single-tube nested real-time PCR achieved 1 pg of cashew nut DNA. Single-tube nested real-time PCR targeting Ana o 3 allowed the best relative sensitivities (10 mg/kg cashew nut in dough/biscuit), being successfully validated regarding precision/accuracy. The normalised real-time PCR did not show acceptable accuracy for both targets. Sensitivity of single-tube nested real-time PCR was affected by the matrix (pasta), but not by thermal processing (dough/biscuit). Herein, two highly sensitive and specific single-tube nested real-time PCR targeting allergen-encoding genes are proposed for the first time as quantitative/validated tools for cashew nut analysis as an allergenic food.
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