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Mushtaq U, Bashir M, Nabi S, Khanday FA. Epidermal growth factor receptor and integrins meet redox signaling through P66shc and Rac1. Cytokine 2021; 146:155625. [PMID: 34157521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the concerted role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and integrins in regulating Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through different signaling pathways. ROS as such are not always deleterious to the cells but they also act as signaling molecules, that regulates numerous indespensible physiological fuctions of life. Many adaptor proteins, particularly Shc and Grb2, are involved in mediating the downstream signaling pathways stimulated by EGFR and integrins. Integrin-induced activation of EGFR and subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation of a class of acceptor sites on EGFR leads to alignment and tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc, PLCγ, the p85 subunit of PI-3 K, and Cbl, followed by activation of the downstream targets Erk and Akt/PKB. Functional interactions between these receptors result in the activation of Rac1 via these adaptor proteins, thereby leading to Reactive Oxygen Species. Both GF and integrin activation can produce oxidants independently, however synergistically there is increased ROS generation, suggesting a mutual cooperation between integrins and GFRs for redox signalling. The ROS produced further promotes feed-forward stimulation of redox signaling events such as MAPK activation and gene expression. This relationship has not been reviewed previously. The literature presented here can have multiple implications, ranging from looking at synergistic effects of integrin and EGFR mediated signaling mechanisms of different proteins to possible therapeutic interventions operated by these two receptors. Furthermore, such mutual redox regulation of crosstalk between EGFR and integrins not only add to the established models of pathological oxidative stress, but also can impart new avenues and opportunities for targeted antioxidant based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Mushtaq
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, JK 190006, India; Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, JK 191201, India
| | - Muneesa Bashir
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, JK 190006, India; Department of Higher Education, Government of Jammu & Kashmir, 190001, India
| | - Sumaiya Nabi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, JK 190006, India
| | - Firdous A Khanday
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, JK 190006, India.
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2
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Pestoni JC, Klingeman Plati S, Valdivia Camacho OD, Fuse MA, Onatunde M, Sparrow NA, Karajannis MA, Fernández-Valle C, Franco MC. Peroxynitrite supports a metabolic reprogramming in merlin-deficient Schwann cells and promotes cell survival. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11354-11368. [PMID: 31171721 PMCID: PMC6663865 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by the development of bilateral vestibular schwannomas. The NF2 gene encodes the tumor suppressor merlin, and loss of merlin activity promotes tumorigenesis and causes NF2. Cellular redox signaling has been implicated in different stages of tumor development. Among reactive nitrogen species, peroxynitrite is the most powerful oxidant produced by cells. We recently showed that peroxynitrite-mediated tyrosine nitration down-regulates mitochondrial metabolism in tumor cells. However, whether peroxynitrite supports a metabolic shift that could be exploited for therapeutic development is unknown. Here, we show that vestibular schwannomas from NF2 patients and human, merlin-deficient (MD) Schwann cells have high levels of endogenous tyrosine nitration, indicating production of peroxynitrite. Furthermore, scavenging or inhibiting peroxynitrite formation significantly and selectively decreased survival of human and mouse MD-Schwann cells. Using multiple complementary methods, we also found that merlin deficiency leads to a reprogramming of energy metabolism characterized by a peroxynitrite-dependent decrease of oxidative phosphorylation and increased glycolysis and glutaminolysis. In MD-Schwann cells, scavenging of peroxynitrite increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption and membrane potential, mediated by the up-regulation of the levels and activity of mitochondrial complex IV. This increase in mitochondrial activity correlated with a decrease in the glycolytic rate and glutamine dependence. This is the first demonstration of a peroxynitrite-dependent reprogramming of energy metabolism in tumor cells. Oxidized proteins constitute a novel target for therapeutic development not only for the treatment of NF2 schwannomas but also other tumors in which peroxynitrite plays a regulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine C Pestoni
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Stephani Klingeman Plati
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Oliver D Valdivia Camacho
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Marisa A Fuse
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Maria Onatunde
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Nicklaus A Sparrow
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Matthias A Karajannis
- Department of Pediatrics and Otolaryngology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York 10016
| | - Cristina Fernández-Valle
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827
| | - Maria Clara Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
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Randriamboavonjy V, Kyselova A, Fleming I. Redox Regulation of Calpains: Consequences on Vascular Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1011-1026. [PMID: 30266074 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Calpains (CAPNs) are a family of calcium-activated cysteine proteases. The ubiquitous isoforms CAPN1 and CAPN2 have been involved in the maintenance of vascular integrity, but uncontrolled CAPN activation plays a role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Recent Advances: It is well accepted that chronic and acute overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with the development of vascular diseases. There is increasing evidence that ROS can also affect the CAPN activity, suggesting CAPN as a potential link between oxidative stress and vascular disease. CRITICAL ISSUES The physiopathological relevance of ROS in regulating the CAPN activity is not fully understood but seems to involve direct effects on CAPNs, redox modifications of CAPN substrates, as well as indirect effect on CAPNs via changes in Ca2+ levels. Finally, CAPNs can also stimulate ROS production; however, data showing in which context ROS are the causes or the consequences of CAPN activation are missing. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Detailed characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of the different members of the CAPN system by specific ROS would help understanding the pathophysiological role of CAPN in the modulation of the vascular function. Moreover, given that CAPNs have been found in different cellular compartments such as mitochondria and nucleus as well as in the extracellular space, identification of new CAPN targets as well as their functional consequences would add new insights in the function of these enigmatic proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voahanginirina Randriamboavonjy
- 1 Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,2 German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kyselova
- 1 Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,2 German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- 1 Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,2 German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Raman D, Pervaiz S. Redox inhibition of protein phosphatase PP2A: Potential implications in oncogenesis and its progression. Redox Biol 2019; 27:101105. [PMID: 30686777 PMCID: PMC6859563 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular processes are dictated by the active signaling of proteins relaying messages to regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, signal transduction and cell communications. An intricate web of protein kinases and phosphatases are critical to the proper transmission of signals across such cascades. By governing 30–50% of all protein dephosphorylation in the cell, with prominent substrate proteins being key regulators of signaling cascades, the phosphatase PP2A has emerged as a celebrated player in various developmental and tumorigenic pathways, thereby posing as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in various pathologies wherein its activity is deregulated. This review is mainly focused on refreshing our understanding of the structural and functional complexity that cocoons the PP2A phosphatase, and its expression in cancers. Additionally, we focus on its physiological regulation as well as into recent advents and strategies that have shown promise in countering the deregulation of the phosphatase through its targeted reactivation. Finally, we dwell upon one of the key regulators of PP2A in cancer cells-cellular redox status-its multifarious nature, and its integration into the reactome of PP2A, highlighting some of the significant impacts that ROS can inflict on the structural modifications and functional aspect of PP2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Raman
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Medical Science Cluster Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Monteiro HP, Ogata FT, Stern A. Thioredoxin promotes survival signaling events under nitrosative/oxidative stress associated with cancer development. Biomed J 2017; 40:189-199. [PMID: 28918907 PMCID: PMC6136292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating mutations may drive cells into the acquisition of abnormal phenotypes that are characteristic of cancer cells. Cancer cells feature profound alterations in proliferation programs that result in a new population of cells that overrides normal tissue construction and maintenance programs. To achieve this goal, cancer cells are endowed with up regulated survival signaling pathways. They also must counteract the cytotoxic effects of high levels of nitric oxide (NO) and of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are by products of cancer cell growth. Accumulating experimental evidence associates cancer cell survival with their capacity to up-regulate antioxidant systems. Elevated expression of the antioxidant protein thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) has been correlated with cancer development. Trx1 has been characterized as a multifunctional protein, playing different roles in different cell compartments. Trx1 migrates to the nucleus in cells exposed to nitrosative/oxidative stress conditions. Trx1 nuclear migration has been related to the activation of transcription factors associated with cell survival and cell proliferation. There is a direct association between the p21Ras-ERK1/2 MAP Kinases survival signaling pathway and Trx1 nuclear migration under nitrosative stress. The expression of the cytoplasmic protein, the thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip), determines the change in Trx1 cellular compartmentalization. The anti-apoptotic actions of Trx1 and its denitrosylase activity occur in the cytoplasm and serve as important regulators of cell survival. Within this context, this review focuses on the participation of Trx1 in cells under nitrosative/oxidative stress in survival signaling pathways associated with cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo P Monteiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy - CTCMol, Paulista Medical School/Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando T Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapy - CTCMol, Paulista Medical School/Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Division of Biochemistry, Medical Biochemistry & Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arnold Stern
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Yin F, Sancheti H, Patil I, Cadenas E. Energy metabolism and inflammation in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:108-122. [PMID: 27154981 PMCID: PMC5094909 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The high energy demand of the brain renders it sensitive to changes in energy fuel supply and mitochondrial function. Deficits in glucose availability and mitochondrial function are well-known hallmarks of brain aging and are particularly accentuated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. As important cellular sources of H2O2, mitochondrial dysfunction is usually associated with altered redox status. Bioenergetic deficits and chronic oxidative stress are both major contributors to cognitive decline associated with brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neuroinflammatory changes, including microglial activation and production of inflammatory cytokines, are observed in neurodegenerative diseases and normal aging. The bioenergetic hypothesis advocates for sequential events from metabolic deficits to propagation of neuronal dysfunction, to aging, and to neurodegeneration, while the inflammatory hypothesis supports microglia activation as the driving force for neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, growing evidence suggests that these diverse mechanisms have redox dysregulation as a common denominator and connector. An independent view of the mechanisms underlying brain aging and neurodegeneration is being replaced by one that entails multiple mechanisms coordinating and interacting with each other. This review focuses on the alterations in energy metabolism and inflammatory responses and their connection via redox regulation in normal brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. Interaction of these systems is reviewed based on basic research and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90089 9121, USA.
| | - Harsh Sancheti
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90089 9121, USA
| | - Ishan Patil
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90089 9121, USA
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90089 9121, USA
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The GTPase ARF6 Controls ROS Production to Mediate Angiotensin II-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148097. [PMID: 26824355 PMCID: PMC4732744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and enhanced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) proliferation are observed in numerous cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms by which hormones such as angiotensin II (Ang II) acts to promote these cellular responses remain poorly understood. We have previously shown that the ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6), a molecular switch that coordinates intracellular signaling events can be activated by the Ang II receptor (AT1R). Whether this small GTP-binding protein controls the signaling events leading to ROS production and therefore Ang II-dependent VSMC proliferation, remains however unknown. Here, we demonstrate that in rat aortic VSMC, Ang II stimulation led to the subsequent activation of ARF6 and Rac1, a key regulator of NADPH oxidase activity. Using RNA interference, we showed that ARF6 is essential for ROS generation since in conditions where this GTPase was knocked down, Ang II could no longer promote superoxide anion production. In addition to regulating Rac1 activity, ARF6 also controlled expression of the NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox 1) as well as the ability of the EGFR to become transactivated. Finally, ARF6 also controlled MAPK (Erk1/2, p38 and Jnk) activation, a key pathway of VSMC proliferation. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that Ang II promotes activation of ARF6 to controls ROS production by regulating Rac1 activation and Nox1 expression. In turn, increased ROS acts to activate the MAPK pathway. These signaling events represent a new molecular mechanism by which Ang II can promote proliferation of VSMC.
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Arsenic causes aortic dysfunction and systemic hypertension in rats: Augmentation of angiotensin II signaling. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 237:104-14. [PMID: 26079204 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The groundwater pollutant arsenic can cause various cardiovascular disorders. Angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, plays an important role in vascular dysfunction by promoting changes in endothelial function, vascular reactivity, tissue remodeling and oxidative stress. We investigated whether modulation of angiotensin II signaling and redox homeostasis could be a mechanism contributing to arsenic-induced vascular disorder. Rats were exposed to arsenic at 25, 50 and 100ppm of sodium arsenite through drinking water consecutively for 90 days. Blood pressure was recorded weekly. On the 91st day, the rats were sacrificed for blood collection and isolation of thoracic aorta. Angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin II levels were assessed in plasma. Aortic reactivity to angiotensin II was assessed in organ-bath system. Western blot of AT1 receptors and G protein (Gαq/11), ELISA of signal transducers of MAP kinase pathway and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were assessed in aorta. Arsenic caused concentration-dependent increase in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure from the 10th, 8th and 7th week onwards, respectively. Arsenic caused concentration-dependent enhancement of the angiotensin II-induced aortic contractile response. Arsenic also caused concentration-dependent increase in the plasma levels of angiotensin II and angiotensin converting enzyme and the expression of aortic AT1 receptor and Gαq/11 proteins. Arsenic increased aortic protein kinase C activity and the concentrations of protein tyrosine kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Further, arsenic increased aortic mRNA expression of Nox2, Nox4 and p22phox, NADPH oxidase activity and ROS generation. The results suggest that arsenic-mediated enhancement of angiotensin II signaling could be an important mechanism in the arsenic-induced vascular disorder, where ROS could augment the angiotensin II signaling through activation of MAP kinase pathway.
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Yeo WS, Kim YJ, Kabir MH, Kang JW, Ahsan-Ul-Bari M, Kim KP. Mass spectrometric analysis of protein tyrosine nitration in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:166-183. [PMID: 24889964 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the significance of protein tyrosine nitration (PTN) in signal transduction pathways, the progress achieved in analytical methods, and the implication of nitration in the cellular pathophysiology of aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Although mass spectrometry of nitrated peptides has become a powerful tool for the characterization of nitrated peptides, the low stoichiometry of this modification clearly necessitates the use of affinity chromatography to enrich modified peptides. Analysis of nitropeptides involves identification of endogenous, intact modification as well as chemical conversion of the nitro group to a chemically reactive amine group and further modifications that enable affinity capture and enhance detectability by altering molecular properties. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in chemical derivatization of nitropeptides for enrichment and mass analysis, and for detection and quantification using various analytical tools. PTN participates in physiological processes, such as aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulation of 3-nitrotyrosine has been found to occur during the aging process; this was identified through mass spectrometry. Further, there are several studies implicating the presence of nitrated tyrosine in age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon-Seok Yeo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Yin F, Boveris A, Cadenas E. Mitochondrial energy metabolism and redox signaling in brain aging and neurodegeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:353-71. [PMID: 22793257 PMCID: PMC3887431 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The mitochondrial energy-transducing capacity is essential for the maintenance of neuronal function, and the impairment of energy metabolism and redox homeostasis is a hallmark of brain aging, which is particularly accentuated in the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. RECENT ADVANCES The communications between mitochondria and the rest of the cell by energy- and redox-sensitive signaling establish a master regulatory device that controls cellular energy levels and the redox environment. Impairment of this regulatory devise is critical for aging and the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. CRITICAL ISSUES This review focuses on a coordinated metabolic network-cytosolic signaling, transcriptional regulation, and mitochondrial function-that controls the cellular energy levels and redox status as well as factors which impair this metabolic network during brain aging and neurodegeneration. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Characterization of mitochondrial function and mitochondria-cytosol communications will provide pivotal opportunities for identifying targets and developing new strategies aimed at restoring the mitochondrial energy-redox axis that is compromised in brain aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
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11
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Price I, Ermentrout B, Zamora R, Wang B, Azhar N, Mi Q, Constantine G, Faeder JR, Luckhart S, Vodovotz Y. In vivo, in vitro, and in silico studies suggest a conserved immune module that regulates malaria parasite transmission from mammals to mosquitoes. J Theor Biol 2013; 334:173-86. [PMID: 23764028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human malaria can be caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum that is transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes. "Immunological crosstalk" between the mammalian and anopheline hosts for Plasmodium functions to control parasite numbers. Key to this process is the mammalian cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). In mammals, TGF-β1 regulates inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) both positively and negatively. In some settings, high levels of NO activate latent TGF-β1, which in turn suppresses iNOS expression. In the mosquito, ingested TGF-β1 induces A. stephensi NOS (AsNOS), which limits parasite development and which in turn is suppressed by activation of the mosquito homolog of the mitogen-activated protein kinases MEK and ERK. Computational models linking TGF-β1, AsNOS, and MEK/ERK were developed to provide insights into this complex biology. An initial Boolean model suggested that, as occurs in mammalian cells, MEK/ERK and AsNOS would oscillate upon ingestion of TGF-β1. An ordinary differential equation (ODE) model further supported the hypothesis of TGF-β1-induced multiphasic behavior of MEK/ERK and AsNOS. To achieve this multiphasic behavior, the ODE model was predicated on the presence of constant levels of TGF-β1 in the mosquito midgut. Ingested TGF-β1, however, did not exhibit this behavior. Accordingly, we hypothesized and experimentally verified that ingested TGF-β1 induces the expression of the endogenous mosquito TGF-β superfamily ligand As60A. Computational simulation of these complex, cross-species interactions suggested that TGF-β1 and NO-mediated induction of As60A expression together may act to maintain multiphasic AsNOS expression via MEK/ERK-dependent signaling. We hypothesize that multiphasic behavior as represented in this model allows the mosquito to balance the conflicting demands of parasite killing and metabolic homeostasis in the face of damaging inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Price
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Daiber A, Daub S, Bachschmid M, Schildknecht S, Oelze M, Steven S, Schmidt P, Megner A, Wada M, Tanabe T, Münzel T, Bottari S, Ullrich V. Protein tyrosine nitration and thiol oxidation by peroxynitrite-strategies to prevent these oxidative modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:7542-70. [PMID: 23567270 PMCID: PMC3645702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14047542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction product of nitric oxide and superoxide, peroxynitrite, is a potent biological oxidant. The most important oxidative protein modifications described for peroxynitrite are cysteine-thiol oxidation and tyrosine nitration. We have previously demonstrated that intrinsic heme-thiolate (P450)-dependent enzymatic catalysis increases the nitration of tyrosine 430 in prostacyclin synthase and results in loss of activity which contributes to endothelial dysfunction. We here report the sensitive peroxynitrite-dependent nitration of an over-expressed and partially purified human prostacyclin synthase (3.3 μM) with an EC50 value of 5 μM. Microsomal thiols in these preparations effectively compete for peroxynitrite and block the nitration of other proteins up to 50 μM peroxynitrite. Purified, recombinant PGIS showed a half-maximal nitration by 10 μM 3-morpholino sydnonimine (Sin-1) which increased in the presence of bicarbonate, and was only marginally induced by freely diffusing NO2-radicals generated by a peroxidase/nitrite/hydrogen peroxide system. Based on these observations, we would like to emphasize that prostacyclin synthase is among the most efficiently and sensitively nitrated proteins investigated by us so far. In the second part of the study, we identified two classes of peroxynitrite scavengers, blocking either peroxynitrite anion-mediated thiol oxidations or phenol/tyrosine nitrations by free radical mechanisms. Dithiopurines and dithiopyrimidines were highly effective in inhibiting both reaction types which could make this class of compounds interesting therapeutic tools. In the present work, we highlighted the impact of experimental conditions on the outcome of peroxynitrite-mediated nitrations. The limitations identified in this work need to be considered in the assessment of experimental data involving peroxynitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55131, Germany; E-Mails: (S.D.); (M.O.); (S.S.); (T.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-6131-176-280, Fax: +49-6131-176-293
| | - Steffen Daub
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55131, Germany; E-Mails: (S.D.); (M.O.); (S.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Markus Bachschmid
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Stefan Schildknecht
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany; E-Mails: (S.S.); (P.S.); (V.U.)
| | - Matthias Oelze
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55131, Germany; E-Mails: (S.D.); (M.O.); (S.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Sebastian Steven
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55131, Germany; E-Mails: (S.D.); (M.O.); (S.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Patrick Schmidt
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany; E-Mails: (S.S.); (P.S.); (V.U.)
| | - Alexandra Megner
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany; E-Mails: (S.S.); (P.S.); (V.U.)
| | - Masayuki Wada
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Tadashi Tanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Thomas Münzel
- 2nd Medical Clinic, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55131, Germany; E-Mails: (S.D.); (M.O.); (S.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Serge Bottari
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied, Bioenergetics, INSERM U1055, Grenoble Universités and Pôle de Biologie, CHU, Grenoble 38400, France; E-Mail:
| | - Volker Ullrich
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany; E-Mails: (S.S.); (P.S.); (V.U.)
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Protein nitration as footprint of oxidative stress-related nitric oxide signaling pathways in developing Ciona intestinalis. Nitric Oxide 2012; 27:18-24. [PMID: 22498777 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Developmental processes in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis depend on a complex interplay of events including, during metamorphosis, a caspase-dependent apoptosis which is regulated by the nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP signaling pathway. Herein we disclose an alternate NO-mediated signaling pathway during Ciona development which appears to be critically dependent on local redox control. Evidence in support of this conclusion includes: (a) inhibitors of NO synthase (NOS) and scavengers of NO-derived nitrating agents markedly decrease the rate of Ciona metamorphosis; (b) an NO donor or peroxynitrite caused an opposite effect; (c) increased protein nitration is observed at larva stage. Integrated proteomic and immunochemical methodologies identified nitrated tyrosine residues in ERK and snail. Overall, these results point to protein nitration as a hitherto overlooked NO-dependent regulatory mechanism in Ciona which is specifically triggered by elevated ROS production during developmental processes.
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Vandelle E, Delledonne M. Peroxynitrite formation and function in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 181:534-9. [PMID: 21893249 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) is a reactive nitrogen species formed when nitric oxide (NO) reacts with the superoxide anion (O(2)(-)). It was first identified as a mediator of cell death in animals but was later shown to act as a positive regulator of cell signaling, mainly through the posttranslational modification of proteins by tyrosine nitration. In plants, peroxynitrite is not involved in NO-mediated cell death and its physiological function is poorly understood. However, it is emerging as a potential signaling molecule during the induction of defense responses against pathogens and this could be mediated by the selective nitration of tyrosine residues in a small number of proteins. In this review we discuss the general role of tyrosine nitration in plants and evaluate recent evidence suggesting that peroxynitrite is an effector of NO-mediated signaling following pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Vandelle
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 15, 37 134 Verona, Italy.
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15
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Wayenberg JL, Cavedon C, Ghaddhab C, Lefèvre N, Bottari SP. Early transient hypoglycemia is associated with increased albumin nitration in the preterm infant. Neonatology 2011; 100:387-97. [PMID: 21791930 DOI: 10.1159/000326936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical significance of early transient hypoglycemia (ETH), a frequent event in preterm newborns, is a highly controversial issue. In experimental models, hypoglycemia has been reported to cause oxidative stress. Among the reactive species, early generated peroxynitrite is responsible for protein nitration and lipid peroxidation, a process referred to as nitrative stress. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study is to investigate whether ETH is associated with protein nitration in the preterm newborn. METHODS Using a novel highly sensitive ELISA, we quantified plasma nitroalbumin (PNA) as a marker of peroxynitrite generation in 72 preterm newborns (28-36 weeks), among which 25 had a glycemia level of <2.5 mmol/l during the first hour of life (H1). RESULTS PNA was significantly higher in ETH than in normoglycemic infants at H1 [median = 6.3 (3.8-8.8) vs. 3.4 ng/ml (2.1-5.1), p = 0.027] and at day 1 [median = 6.6 (5.6-15.3) vs. 3.9 ng/ml (2.3-4.6), p = 0.014]. PNA was inversely correlated with glycemia at H1 (r = -0.30, p = 0.01) and at day 1 (r = -0.63, p = 0.001). In ETH infants, lactatemia was inversely correlated with PNA. At day 1, PNA was higher in ETH infants treated by gavage than in those treated with intravenous dextrose [median = 8.9 ng/ml (7.1-10.4) vs. 4.4 ng/ml (2.6-5.7), p = 0.008]. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that ETH is associated with increased peroxynitrite generation resulting in systemic protein nitration in premature newborns. Treatment of ETH with intravenous dextrose is associated with lower PNA levels than gavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Wayenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Kim JK, Lee JR, Kang JW, Lee SJ, Shin GC, Yeo WS, Kim KH, Park HS, Kim KP. Selective Enrichment and Mass Spectrometric Identification of Nitrated Peptides Using Fluorinated Carbon Tags. Anal Chem 2010; 83:157-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102080d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyung Kim
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, WCU Program; Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology; Department of Pharmacology and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; and Probiond Co., Ltd., Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Jung Rok Lee
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, WCU Program; Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology; Department of Pharmacology and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; and Probiond Co., Ltd., Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Jeong Won Kang
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, WCU Program; Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology; Department of Pharmacology and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; and Probiond Co., Ltd., Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Soo Jae Lee
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, WCU Program; Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology; Department of Pharmacology and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; and Probiond Co., Ltd., Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Gu Choul Shin
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, WCU Program; Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology; Department of Pharmacology and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; and Probiond Co., Ltd., Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Woon-Seok Yeo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, WCU Program; Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology; Department of Pharmacology and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; and Probiond Co., Ltd., Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Kyun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, WCU Program; Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology; Department of Pharmacology and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; and Probiond Co., Ltd., Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Hyung Soon Park
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, WCU Program; Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology; Department of Pharmacology and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; and Probiond Co., Ltd., Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, WCU Program; Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology; Department of Pharmacology and Center for Cancer Research and Diagnostic Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; and Probiond Co., Ltd., Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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Wang W, Pang L, Palade P. Angiotensin II upregulates Ca(V)1.2 protein expression in cultured arteries via endothelial H(2)O(2) production. J Vasc Res 2010; 48:67-78. [PMID: 20639649 DOI: 10.1159/000318776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that angiotensin II caused an endothelial-dependent increase in L-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel (Ca(V)1.2) in cultured arteries, but the signaling pathways are not clear. METHODS Endothelial damage was generated by brief intra-arterial perfusion with 0.3% CHAPS. Ca(V)1.2 expression, function and H(2)O(2) were measured by Western blot, tension recording and Amplex Red H(2)O(2) assay kit, respectively. RESULTS Angiotensin II dose-dependently upregulated Ca(V)1.2 expression in endothelium-intact arteries. The angiotensin II upregulation of Ca(V)1.2 expression in endothelium-intact arteries was blocked by NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), apocynin, a more specific NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor gp91ds-tat and also by catalase. H(2)O(2) similarly upregulated Ca(V)1.2 expression in endothelium-intact and endothelium-damaged arteries, and the latter effect was also blocked by DPI and apocynin. Angiotensin II increased H(2)O(2) production by endothelium-intact but not by endothelium-damaged arteries, and this effect was blocked by apocynin, catalase and gp91ds-tat. The upregulation of Ca(V)1.2 by angiotensin II and H(2)O(2) is accompanied by an increased tension response to KCl and the Ca(2+) channel activator FPL 64176, and this effect was also attenuated by gp91ds-tat. CONCLUSION These results suggest that angiotensin II stimulates endothelial NAD(P)H oxidase-produced H(2)O(2,) which may additionally act through vascular smooth muscle NAD(P)H oxidase, to upregulate vascular Ca(V)1.2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenze Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Ark 72205, USA. wwang @ uams.edu
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18
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Waheed SM, Ghosh A, Chakravarti R, Biswas A, Haque MM, Panda K, Stuehr DJ. Nitric oxide blocks cellular heme insertion into a broad range of heme proteins. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:1548-58. [PMID: 20211245 PMCID: PMC2866197 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although the insertion of heme into proteins enables their function in bioenergetics, metabolism, and signaling, the mechanisms and regulation of this process are not fully understood. We developed a means to study cellular heme insertion into apo-protein targets over a 3-h period and then investigated how nitric oxide (NO) released from a chemical donor (NOC-18) might influence heme (protoporphyrin IX) insertion into seven targets that present a range of protein structures, heme ligation states, and functions (three NO synthases, two cytochrome P450's, catalase, and hemoglobin). NO blocked cellular heme insertion into all seven apo-protein targets. The inhibition occurred at relatively low (nM/min) fluxes of NO, was reversible, and did not involve changes in intracellular heme levels, activation of guanylate cyclase, or inhibition of mitochondrial ATP production. These aspects and the range of protein targets suggest that NO can act as a global inhibitor of heme insertion, possibly by inhibiting a common step in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mohsin Waheed
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Ritu Chakravarti
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Ashis Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Mohammad Mahfuzul Haque
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Koustubh Panda
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Dennis J. Stuehr
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
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Csibi A, Communi D, Müller N, Bottari SP. Angiotensin II inhibits insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation and Akt activation through tyrosine nitration-dependent mechanisms. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10070. [PMID: 20383279 PMCID: PMC2850936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetes by inhibiting insulin's metabolic and potentiating its trophic effects. Whereas the precise mechanisms involved remain ill-defined, they appear to be associated with and dependent upon increased oxidative stress. We found Ang II to block insulin-dependent GLUT4 translocation in L6 myotubes in an NO- and O2.−-dependent fashion suggesting the involvement of peroxynitrite. This hypothesis was confirmed by the ability of Ang II to induce tyrosine nitration of the MAP kinases ERK1/2 and of protein kinase B/Akt (Akt). Tyrosine nitration of ERK1/2 was required for their phosphorylation on Thr and Tyr and their subsequent activation, whereas it completely inhibited Akt phosphorylation on Ser473 and Thr308 as well as its activity. The inhibitory effect of nitration on Akt activity was confirmed by the ability of SIN-1 to completely block GSK3α phosphorylation in vitro. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase and NAD(P)Hoxidase and scavenging of free radicals with myricetin restored insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and GLUT4 translocation in the presence of Ang II. Similar restoration was obtained by inhibiting the ERK activating kinase MEK, indicating that these kinases regulate Akt activation. We found a conserved nitration site of ERK1/2 to be located in their kinase domain on Tyr156/139, close to their active site Asp166/149, in agreement with a permissive function of nitration for their activation. Taken together, our data show that Ang II inhibits insulin-mediated GLUT4 translocation in this skeletal muscle model through at least two pathways: first through the transient activation of ERK1/2 which inhibit IRS-1/2 and second through a direct inhibitory nitration of Akt. These observations indicate that not only oxidative but also nitrative stress play a key role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. They underline the role of protein nitration as a major mechanism in the regulation of Ang II and insulin signaling pathways and more particularly as a key regulator of protein kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Csibi
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, INSERM U884, Grenoble Universités, Grenoble, France
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20
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Ji Y, Liu J, Wang Z, Liu N, Gou W. PPARgamma agonist, rosiglitazone, regulates angiotensin II-induced vascular inflammation through the TLR4-dependent signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2009; 89:887-902. [PMID: 19451898 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2009.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is increasingly recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a critical factor in inflammatory responses, so as to promote the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activates signaling pathways leading to the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines implicated in the etiology of atherosclerosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists are considered to be important in modulating vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Herein, we investigated the modulatory effects of rosiglitazone on Ang II-mediated inflammatory responses both in vivo and in vitro. We also examined whether TLR4-dependent signaling pathway was involved in the inhibitory effects of rosiglitazone on Ang II-induced pro-inflammatory responses in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Male Sprague-Dawley rats received Ang II by subcutaneous infusion and/or rosiglitazone per os for 7 days. Systolic blood pressure rise in Ang II-infused rats was attenuated by rosiglitazone. Rosiglitazone also reduced Ang II-induced generation of pro-inflammatory mediators (TLR4, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha), but enhanced production of anti-inflammatory mediators (PPARgamma and 6-keto-PGF(1alpha)) both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, treatment of VSMCs with both the TLR4 inhibitor and TLR4 small-interfering RNA (siRNA) showed that the modulatory effects of rosiglitazone on Ang II-mediated inflammatory responses in VSMCs were related to TLR4. Treatment of the cells with rosiglitazone had little effect on Ang II receptors expression (AT1 and AT2), but downregulated AT1-dependent ERK1/2 activation. Then, treatment of VSMCs with TLR4 siRNA, interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) siRNA and with the special protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor further revealed that the signaling pathway (TLR4/IP-10/PKC/NF-kappaB) was involved in the inhibitory effects of rosiglitazone on Ang II-induced pro-inflammatory responses in VSMCs. In conclusion, TLR4 may be a drug target involved in the ameliorative effects of PPARgamma agonist, rosiglitazone, on Ang II-mediated inflammatory responses in VSMCs. Moreover, rosiglitazone exerts its anti-inflammatory effect by interfering with the TLR4-dependent signaling pathway (ERK1/2/TLR4/IP-10/PKC/NF-kappaB) to prevent and treat atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
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21
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Garrido AM, Griendling KK. NADPH oxidases and angiotensin II receptor signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 302:148-58. [PMID: 19059306 PMCID: PMC2835147 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade many studies have demonstrated the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by NADPH oxidases in angiotensin II (Ang II) signaling, as well as a role for ROS in the development of different diseases in which Ang II is a central component. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of activation of NADPH oxidases by Ang II and describe the molecular targets of ROS in Ang II signaling in the vasculature, kidney and brain. We also discuss the effects of genetic manipulation of NADPH oxidase function on the physiology and pathophysiology of the renin-angiotensin system.
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22
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Martínez MC, Andriantsitohaina R. Reactive nitrogen species: molecular mechanisms and potential significance in health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:669-702. [PMID: 19014277 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2007.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are various nitric oxide-derived compounds, including nitroxyl anion, nitrosonium cation, higher oxides of nitrogen, S-nitrosothiols, and dinitrosyl iron complexes. RNS have been recognized as playing a crucial role in the physiologic regulation of many, if not all, living cells, such as smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, platelets, and nervous and juxtaglomerular cells. They possess pleiotropic properties on cellular targets after both posttranslational modifications and interactions with reactive oxygen species. Elevated levels of RNS have been implicated in cell injury and death by inducing nitrosative stress. The aim of this comprehensive review is to address the mechanisms of formation and removal of RNS, highlighting their potential cellular targets: lipids, DNA, and proteins. The specific importance of RNS and their paradoxic effects, depending on their local concentration under physiologic conditions, is underscored. An increasing number of compounds that modulate RNS processing or targets are being identified. Such compounds are now undergoing preclinical and clinical evaluations in the treatment of pathologies associated with RNS-induced cellular damage. Future research should help to elucidate the involvement of RNS in the therapeutic effect of drugs used to treat neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Martínez
- INSERM, U771, CNRS UMR, 6214, and Université d' Angers, Angers, France
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Zhang GX, Kimura S, Murao K, Shimizu J, Matsuyoshi H, Takaki M. Role of neuronal NO synthase in regulating vascular superoxide levels and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 81:389-99. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Thioredoxin-1 promotes survival in cells exposed to S-nitrosoglutathione: Correlation with reduction of intracellular levels of nitrosothiols and up-regulation of the ERK1/2 MAP Kinases. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 233:227-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2007] [Revised: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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25
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Protein nitration in placenta - functional significance. Placenta 2008; 29:985-94. [PMID: 18851882 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Revised: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Crucial roles of the placenta are disrupted in early and mid-trimester pregnancy loss, preeclampsia, eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. The pathophysiology of these disorders includes a relative hypoxia of the placenta, ischemia/reperfusion injury, an inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide and superoxide have been shown to participate in trophoblast invasion, regulation of placental vascular reactivity and other events. Superoxide, which regulates expression of redox sensitive genes, has been implicated in up-regulation of transcription factors, antioxidant production, angiogenesis, proliferation and matrix remodeling. When superoxide and nitric oxide are present in abundance, their interaction yields peroxynitrite a potent pro-oxidant, but also alters levels of nitric oxide, which in turn affect physiological functions. The peroxynitrite anion is extremely unstable thus evidence of its formation in vivo has been indirect via the occurrence of nitrated moieties including nitrated lipids and nitrotyrosine residues in proteins. Formation of 3-nitrotyrosine (protein nitration) is a "molecular fingerprint" of peroxynitrite formation. Protein nitration has been widely reported in a number of pathological states associated with inflammation but is reported to occur in normal physiology and is thought of as a prevalent, functionally relevant post-translational modification of proteins. Nitration of proteins can give either no effect, a gain or a loss of function. Nitration of a range of placental proteins is found in normal pregnancy but increased in pathologic pregnancies. Evidence is presented for nitration of placental signal transduction enzymes and transporters. The targets and extent of nitration of enzymes, receptors, transporters and structural proteins may markedly influence placental cellular function in both physiologic and pathologic settings.
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Nitrotyrosine promotes human aortic smooth muscle cell migration through oxidative stress and ERK1/2 activation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1783:1576-84. [PMID: 18460343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2007] [Revised: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitrotyrosine is a new biomarker of atherosclerosis and inflammation. The objective of this study was to determine the direct effects of free nitrotyrosine on human aortic smooth muscle cell (AoSMC) migration and molecular mechanisms. By a modified Boyden chamber assay, nitrotyrosine significantly increased AoSMC migration in a concentration-dependent manner. For example, nitrotyrosine at 300 nM increased AoSMC migration up to 152% compared with l-tyrosine-treated control cells (P<0.01). Cell wound healing assay confirmed this effect. Nitrotyrosine significantly increased the expression of some key cell migration-related molecules including PDGF receptor-B, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and integrins alphaV and beta3 at both mRNA and protein levels in AoSMC (P<0.01). In addition, nitrotyrosine increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in AoSMC by staining with fluorescent dye DCFHDA. Furthermore, nitrotyrosine induced transient phosphorylation of ERK2 by Bio-Plex luminex immunoassay and western blot analysis. AoSMC were able to uptake nitrotyrosine. Antioxidants including seleno-l-methionine and superoxide dismutase mimetic (MnTBAP) as well as ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 effectively blocked the promoting effect of nitrotyrosine on AoSMC migration and the mRNA expression of above cell migration-related molecules. Thus, nitrotyrosine directly increases AoSMC migration in vitro and the expression of migration-related molecules through overproduction of ROS and activation of ERK1/2 pathway. Nitrotyrosine may contribute to cardiovascular pathogenesis.
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Genomics: the next step to elucidate the etiology of calcific aortic valve stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51:1327-36. [PMID: 18387432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
With the current shift toward an older population, calcific aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is likely to become a major societal and economic burden. For many years, AVS was regarded as a degenerative and nonmodifiable process. However, molecular studies unanimously demonstrated that AVS is an actively regulated disorder with several potential therapeutic targets. Many factors are predicted to cause AVS, and an important genetic predisposition is anticipated. In this review, we describe candidate genes and signaling pathways identified by genetic research and incorporate this new knowledge into a more comprehensive picture of factors involved in the pathogenesis of AVS. We also emphasize the need for additional studies to elucidate its complete genetic architecture. Recent advances in genomic research offer a remarkable opportunity to investigate AVS at the most fundamental level. The benefits of these new approaches can be observed in many complex diseases, but the field of AVS is trailing behind. We discuss the future utility of these new genomic approaches to improve our understanding of AVS and to refine the management of patients in terms of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
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Monteiro HP, Arai RJ, Travassos LR. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation and protein tyrosine nitration in redox signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2008; 10:843-89. [PMID: 18220476 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2007.1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation of protein tyrosine residues by polypeptide growth factor-receptor protein tyrosine kinases is implicated in the control of fundamental cellular processes including the cell cycle, cell adhesion, and cell survival, as well as cell proliferation and differentiation. During the last decade, it has become apparent that receptor protein tyrosine kinases and the signaling pathways they activate belong to a large signaling network. Such a network can be regulated by various extracellular cues, which include cell adhesion, agonists of G protein-coupled receptors, and oxidants. It is well documented that signaling initiated by receptor protein tyrosine kinases is directly dependent on the intracellular production of oxidants, including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Accumulated evidence indicates that the intracellular redox environment plays a major role in the mechanisms underlying the actions of growth factors. Oxidation of cysteine thiols and nitration of tyrosine residues on signaling proteins are described as posttranslational modifications that regulate, positively or negatively, protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PTP). Early observations described the inhibition of PTP activities by oxidants, resulting in increased levels of proteins phosphorylated on tyrosine. Therefore, a redox circuitry involving the increasing production of intracellular oxidants associated with growth-factor stimulation/cell adhesion, oxidative reversible inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases, and the activation of protein tyrosine kinases can be delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo P Monteiro
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Biology and CINTERGEN, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) has been found to exert preconditioning (PC)-like effect in mammalian hearts. The present investigation reported for the first time a unique mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase signalling in Ang II PC of the heart involving lipid rafts, which generated a survival signal by differentially associating MAP kinases with caveolin. A group of rat hearts was treated with Ang II in the absence or presence of NADPH oxidase inhibitor, apocynin or a cell permeable reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). Ang II pre-treatment improved post-ischaemic ventricular recovery, myocardial infraction and decreased the number of cardiomyocyte apoptosis indicating PC effect of Ang II. Both apocynin and NAC abolished the PC ability of Ang II. In Ang II treated heart, there was a decreased association of p38MAPKbeta & extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/ 2 (anti-death signalling component) with caveolin while there was an increased association of p38MAPKalpha & Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) (death signalling component) indicating reduced amount of death signal components and increased amount of anti-death signalling components being available to the Ang II treated heart to generate a survival signal, which was reversed with NAC or apocynin. The survival signal was also demonstrated by increased phosphorylation of serine/threonine-protein kinase B (AKT) and enhanced induction of expression of Bcl-2 during Ang II PC and its reversal with NAC & apocynin treated heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manika Das
- *Correspondence: Dr Dipak K. DAS Cardiovascular Research Center University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington, CT 06-030-1110 USA Tel.: (860)679-3687 Fax.: (860)679-4606 E-mail.:
| | | | - Dipak K Das
- *Correspondence: Dr Dipak K. DAS Cardiovascular Research Center University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington, CT 06-030-1110 USA Tel.: (860)679-3687 Fax.: (860)679-4606 E-mail.:
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30
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Dvir T, Levy O, Shachar M, Granot Y, Cohen S. Activation of the ERK1/2 cascade via pulsatile interstitial fluid flow promotes cardiac tissue assembly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 13:2185-93. [PMID: 17518740 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the cellular signals leading to cardiac muscle assembly is a major challenge in ex vivo tissue regeneration. For the first time, we demonstrate that pulsatile interstitial fluid flow in three-dimensional neonatal cardiac cell constructs can activate ERK1/2 sixfold, as compared to static-cultivated constructs. Activation of ERK1/2 was attained under physiological shear stress conditions, without activating the p38 cell death signal above its basic level. Activation of the ERK1/2 signaling cascade induced synthesis of high levels of contractile and cell-cell contact proteins by the cardiomyocytes, while its inhibition diminished the inducing effects of pulsatile flow. The pulsed medium-induced cardiac cell constructs showed improved cellularity and viability, while the regenerated cardiac tissue demonstrated some ultra-structural features of the adult myocardium. The cardiomyocytes were elongated and aligned into myofibers with defined Z-lines and multiple high-ordered sarcomeres. Numerous intercalated disks were positioned between adjacent cardiomyocytes, and deposits of collagen fibers surrounded the myofibrils. The regenerated cardiac tissue exhibited high density of connexin 43, a major protein involved in electrical cellular connections. Our research thus demonstrates that by judiciously applying fluid shear stress, cell signaling cascades can be augmented with subsequent profound effects on cardiac tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Dvir
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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31
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Zhang GX, Nagai Y, Nakagawa T, Miyanaka H, Fujisawa Y, Nishiyama A, Izuishi K, Ohmori K, Kimura S. Involvement of endogenous nitric oxide in angiotensin II-induced activation of vascular mitogen-activated protein kinases. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 293:H2403-8. [PMID: 17616751 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00288.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (ANG II) is a powerful activator of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades in cardiovascular tissues through a redox-sensitive mechanism. Nitric oxide (NO) is considered to antagonize the vasoconstrictive and proarteriosclerotic actions of ANG II. However, the role of endogenous NO in ANG II-induced redox-sensitive signal transduction is not yet clear. In this study using catheterized, conscious rats, we found that acute intravenous administration of NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; 5 mg/kg) enhanced phosphorylation of aortic MAP kinases extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38, which were suppressed only partially by a superoxide dismutase mimetic (Tempol), whereas ANG II-induced MAP kinase phosphorylation was markedly suppressed by Tempol. FK409, a NO donor, had little effect on vascular MAP kinase phosphorylation. On the other hand, acute exposure to a vasoconstrictor dose of ANG II (200 ng·kg−1·min−1 iv) failed to enhance phosphorylation of aortic MAP kinases in the chronically l-NAME-treated rats, whereas the vasoconstrictor effect of ANG II was not affected by l-NAME treatment. Furthermore, three different inhibitors of NO synthase suppressed, in a dose-dependent manner, ANG II-induced MAP kinase phosphorylation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells, which was closely linked to superoxide generation in cells. These results indicate the involvement of endogenous NO synthase in ANG II-induced signaling pathways, leading to activation of MAP kinase, and that NO may have dual effects on the vascular MAP kinase activation associated with redox sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University Medical School, Kagawa, Japan
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32
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Peng N, Liu JT, Gao DF, Lin R, Li R. Angiotensin II-induced C-reactive protein generation: Inflammatory role of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2007; 193:292-8. [PMID: 17055513 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Revised: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 09/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the major target of Angiotensin II (Ang II) in the vessel wall, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are a tentative source to produce C-reactive protein (CRP). However, it is largely unknown if Ang II is capable of inducing CRP production in VSMCs. METHODS AND RESULTS Ang II induced a concentration-dependent release of CRP in cultured rat VSMCs as measured by sandwich ELISA. Real-time PCR revealed that Ang II significantly upregulated CRP mRNA level in vitro. Ang II-induced CRP generation in aortic VSMCs was also investigated using double-labeled fluorescent immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in subchronic Ang II administration in rats. Losartan but not PD123319 markedly blocked the Ang II-induced CRP production in cultured VSMCs, suggesting that such effect was mediated via Ang II type 1 receptor. Further, Western blotting analysis showed that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation was obligatory in Ang II-induced CRP production, since specific MAPK inhibitor PD098059 almost abolished the action. CONCLUSIONS We identified that Ang II is capable of inducing CRP generation in VSMCs, in which Ang II type 1 receptor followed by MAPK signal pathway is involved. It strengthened the role of Ang II-induced CRP production by VSMCs in the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, PR China
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33
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Clempus RE, Griendling KK. Reactive oxygen species signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Res 2006; 71:216-25. [PMID: 16616906 PMCID: PMC1934427 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardiores.2006.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2006] [Revised: 02/22/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to function as important signaling molecules in the cardiovascular system. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contain several sources of ROS, among which the NADPH oxidases are predominant. In VSMCs, ROS mediate many pathophysiological processes, such as growth, migration, apoptosis and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, as well as physiological processes, such as differentiation, by direct and indirect effects at multiple signaling levels. Therefore, it becomes critical to understand the different roles ROS play in the physiology and pathophysiology of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza E. Clempus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 319 WMB, 1639 Pierce Dr. Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Kathy K. Griendling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, 319 WMB, 1639 Pierce Dr. Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
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