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Yugavathy N, Abdullah BM, Lim SK, Abdul Gafor AHB, Wong MG, Bavanandan S, Wong HS, Huri HZ. Precision Medicine in Erythropoietin Deficiency and Treatment Resistance: A Novel Approach to Management of Anaemia in Chronic Kidney Disease. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6550-6563. [PMID: 37623232 PMCID: PMC10453742 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of anaemia is a well-developed discipline where the concepts of precision medicine have, in part, been researched extensively. This review discusses the treatment of erythropoietin (EPO) deficiency anaemia and resistance in cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Traditionally, erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) and iron supplementation have been used to manage anaemia in cases of CKD. However, these treatments pose potential risks, including cardiovascular and thromboembolic events. Newer treatments have emerged to address these risks, such as slow-release and low-dosage intravenous iron, oral iron supplementation, and erythropoietin-iron combination therapy. Another novel approach is the use of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs). This review highlights the need for precision medicine targeting the genetic components of EPO deficiency anaemia in CKD and discusses individual variability in genes such as the erythropoietin gene (EPO), the interleukin-β gene (IL-β), and the hypoxia-inducible factor gene (HIF). Pharmacogenetic testing aims to provide targeted therapies and interventions that are tailored to the specific characteristics of an individual, thus optimising treatment outcomes and minimising resistance and adverse effects. This article concludes by suggesting that receptor modification has the potential to revolutionise the treatment outcomes of patients with erythropoietin deficiency anaemia through the integration of the mentioned approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nava Yugavathy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | | | - Soo Kun Lim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | | | - Muh Geot Wong
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sunita Bavanandan
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Malaysia;
| | - Hin Seng Wong
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Selayang, Batu Caves 68100, Malaysia;
| | - Hasniza Zaman Huri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
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Kaur D, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Badavath VN, Ul Hassan SS, Hasan MM, Bhatia S, Al-Harassi A, Khan H, Bungau S. Unravelling the potential neuroprotective facets of erythropoietin for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1-16. [PMID: 34436747 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00820-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last three decades, recombinant DNA technology has produced a wide range of hematopoietic and neurotrophic growth factors, including erythropoietin (EPO), which has emerged as a promising protein drug in the treatment of several diseases. Cumulative studies have recently indicated the neuroprotective role of EPO in preclinical models of acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative illnesses in the elderly, characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-ß (Aß) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which serve as the disease's two hallmarks. Unfortunately, AD lacks a successful treatment strategy due to its multifaceted and complex pathology. Various clinical studies, both in vitro and in vivo, have been conducted to identify the various mechanisms by which erythropoietin exerts its neuroprotective effects. The results of clinical trials in patients with AD are also promising. Herein, it is summarized and reviews all such studies demonstrating erythropoietin's potential therapeutic benefits as a pleiotropic neuroprotective agent in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | | | - Syed Shams Ul Hassan
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Haryana, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harassi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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3
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Joharapurkar AA, Patel VJ, Kshirsagar SG, Patel MS, Savsani HH, Jain MR. Prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor desidustat protects against acute and chronic kidney injury by reducing inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:852-860. [PMID: 33480036 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with activated inflammatory responses. Desidustat, a prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor is useful for treatment of anemia associated with CKD, but its effect on the inflammatory and fibrotic changes in CKD is not evaluated. In this study, we investigated the effect of desidustat on the inflammatory and fibrotic changes in preclinical models of acute and chronic kidney injury. Acute kidney injury was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by ischemia-reperfusion, in which effect of desidustat (15 mg/kg, PO) was estimated. In a separate experiment, male C57 mice were treated with adenine for 14 days to induce CKD. These mice were treated with desidustat (15 mg/kg, PO, alternate day) treatment for 14 days, with adenine continued. Desidustat prevented elevation of serum creatinine, urea, IL-1β, IL-6, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and elevated the erythropoietin levels in rats that were subjected to acute kidney injury. Mice treated with adenine developed CKD and anemia, and desidustat treatment caused improvement in serum creatinine, urea, and also improved hemoglobin and reduced hepatic and serum hepcidin. A significant reduction in IL-1β, IL-6, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and oxidative stress was observed by desidustat treatment. Desidustat treatment also reduced renal fibrosis as observed by histological analysis and hydroxyproline content. Desidustat treatment reduced the renal fibrosis and inflammation along with a reduction in anemia in preclinical models of kidney injury, which may translate to protective effects in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit A Joharapurkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Vishal J Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Samadhan G Kshirsagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Maulik S Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Hardikkumar H Savsani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Mukul R Jain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
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Baranauskas MN, Powell J, Fly AD, Martin BJ, Mickleborough TD, Paris HL, Chapman RF. Influence of Zinc on the Acute Changes in Erythropoietin and Proinflammatory Cytokines with Hypoxia. High Alt Med Biol 2020; 22:148-156. [PMID: 33325784 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2020.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Baranauskas, Marissa N., Joseph Powell, Alyce D. Fly, Bruce J. Martin, Timothy D. Mickleborough, Hunter L. Paris, and Robert F. Chapman. Influence of zinc on the acute changes in erythropoietin and proinflammatory cytokines with hypoxia. High Alt Med Biol. 22: 148-156, 2021. Background: Considerable, unexplained, interindividual variability characterizes the erythropoietin (EPO) response to hypoxia, which can impact hematological acclimatization for individuals sojourning to altitude. Zinc supplementation has the potential to alter EPO by attenuating increases in inflammation and oxidative stress. Yet, the application of such an intervention has not been evaluated in humans. In this proof-of-concept study, we aimed to evaluate the EPO and inflammatory responses to acute hypoxia in human participants following chronic zinc supplementation. Methods: Nine physically active participants (men n = 5, women n = 4, age 28 ± 4 years, height 176 ± 11 cm, mass 77 ± 21 kg) were exposed to 12 hours of normobaric hypoxia simulating an altitude of 3,000 m (FiO2 = 0.14) before and after 8 weeks of supplementation with 40 mg/day of elemental zinc from picolinate. Blood samples for subsequent analysis of serum zinc, EPO, superoxide dismutase (extracellular superoxide dismutase [EC-SOD]), C-reactive protein (CRP), and proinflammatory cytokines were obtained pre- and postsupplementation and exposure to hypoxia. Results: After zinc supplementation, EPO increased by 64.9 ± 36.0% (mean ± standard deviation) following 12 hours of hypoxia, but this response was not different from presupplementation (70.8 ± 46.1%). Considerable interindividual (range: -1% to +208%) variability was apparent in the acute EPO response. While most markers of inflammation did not change with hypoxia, interleukin-6 concentrations increased from 1.17 ± 0.05 to 1.97 ± 0.32 pg/ml during the final 6 hours. The acute EPO response at 12 hours was not related to changes in serum zinc, EC-SOD, CRP, or proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusions: Zinc supplementation does not influence the acute EPO or inflammatory response with short-term exposure to moderate levels of normobaric hypoxia (3,000 m) in apparently healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa N Baranauskas
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Joseph Powell
- The Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alyce D Fly
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Bruce J Martin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Timothy D Mickleborough
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Hunter L Paris
- Division of Natural Sciences, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California, USA
| | - Robert F Chapman
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.,United States Track and Field, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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5
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Krause C, Schaake S, Grütz K, Sievert H, Reyes CJ, König IR, Laabs BH, Jamora RD, Rosales RL, Diesta CCE, Pozojevic J, Gemoll T, Westenberger A, Kaiser FJ, Klein C, Kirchner H. DNA Methylation as a Potential Molecular Mechanism in X-linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2020; 35:2220-2229. [PMID: 32914507 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism is a neurodegenerative movement disorder. The underlying molecular basis has still not been completely elucidated, but likely involves dysregulation of TAF1 expression. In X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism, 3 disease-specific single-nucleotide changes (DSCs) introduce (DSC12) or abolish (DSC2 and DSC3) CpG dinucleotides and consequently sites of putative DNA methylation. Because transcriptional regulation tightly correlates with specific epigenetic marks, we investigated the role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism. METHODS DNA methylation at DSC12, DSC3, and DSC2 was quantified by bisulfite pyrosequencing in DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes, fibroblasts, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons and brain tissue from X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism patients and age- and sex-matched healthy Filipino controls in a prospective study. RESULTS Compared with controls, X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism patients showed striking differences in DNA methylation at the 3 investigated CpG sites. Using methylation-sensitive luciferase reporter gene assays and immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated (1) that lack of DNA methylation because of DSC2 and DSC3 affects gene promoter activity and (2) that methylation at all 3 investigated CpG sites alters DNA-protein interaction. Interestingly, DSC3 decreased promoter activity per se compared with wild type, and promoter activity further decreased when methylation was present. Moreover, we identified specific binding of proteins to the investigated DSCs that are associated with splicing and RNA and DNA binding. CONCLUSIONS We identified altered DNA methylation in X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism patients as a possible additional mechanism modulating TAF1 expression and putative novel targets for future therapies using DNA methylation-modifying agents. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Krause
- Institute for Human Genetics, Division Epigenetics & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Susen Schaake
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karen Grütz
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Helen Sievert
- Institute for Human Genetics, Division Epigenetics & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Inke R König
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Björn-Hergen Laabs
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Roland Dominic Jamora
- Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Cid Czarina E Diesta
- Department of Neurosciences, Movement Disorders Clinic, Makati Medical Center, Makati City, Philippines
| | - Jelena Pozojevic
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.,Section for Functional Genetics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Timo Gemoll
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology and Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ana Westenberger
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Frank J Kaiser
- Section for Functional Genetics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henriette Kirchner
- Institute for Human Genetics, Division Epigenetics & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
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6
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Berlian G, Tandrasasmita OM, Tjandrawinata RR. Upregulation of endogenous erythropoietin expression by DLBS6747, a bioactive fraction of Ipomoea batatas L. leaves, via increasing HIF1α transcription factor in HEK293 kidney cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 235:190-198. [PMID: 30685435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ipomoea batatas L., locally known as ubi jalar, is widely used in Indonesia and other countries as a folk remedy for various chronic diseases, including anemia-associated chronic kidney disease by increasing hematological parameters such as packed cell volume, white blood cells and platelet counts. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of DLBS6747, a bioactive fraction of I. batatas L. leaves, on increasing EPO expression through the upregulation of HIF1α. MATERIALS AND METHODS Effect of DLBS6747 on EPO expression and its transcription factor, HIFs, was evaluated in normoxia and hypoxia conditions. Effect of DLBS6747 on several genes involved in EPO expression were evaluated in a time-course manner using conventional and real-time PCR, while the protein level were revealed using western blot and ELISA. The involvement of HIF1α was also confirmed by HIF1α siRNA. RESULTS Administration of DLBS6747 increased transcriptional activity of EPO through the regulation of its transcriptional factors, which include HIF1α, HIF2α and NFᴋB. The effect was found to be dependent on oxygen availability, wherein DLBS6747-increased EPO expression was found to be more significant in hypoxic condition. In normoxia and hypoxia, 40 μg/mL DLBS6747 increased HIF1α and HIF2α expressions at mRNA level, wherein the peak appeared in 12 h treatment (up to 7.9- and 8.6-folds, respectively). On the other hand, increased protein level was only found in hypoxia, where the highest HIF1α expression was observed at 6 h (7.5-folds increase) and started to decrease after the hours, while HIF2α was found to be increased time-dependently (up to 13.8-folds in 24 h). The mechanism of action of DLBS6747 as erythropoietin stimulating agent is more likely to affect the regulation of HIF1α, as confirmed by HIF1α siRNA which showed that DLBS6747 failed to increase EPO expression during co-incubation with HIF1α siRNA. DLBS6747 treatment also decreased NFᴋB time-dependently in normoxia, while no NFᴋB was detected in hypoxia, which revealed mimicking hypoxia activity of DLBS6747 to increase EPO expression. CONCLUSION These findings showed convincing evidences that DLBS6747 increases endogenous EPO production primarily via upregulation of its transcription factors, especially HIF1α, in human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells. This is the first molecular report that reveals the mechanism of action of natural-based erythropenia drug in different oxygen availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guntur Berlian
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences (DLBS), Industri Selatan V Block PP No. 7, Jababeka Industrial Estate II, Cikarang 17550, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Olivia Mayasari Tandrasasmita
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences (DLBS), Industri Selatan V Block PP No. 7, Jababeka Industrial Estate II, Cikarang 17550, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata
- Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences (DLBS), Industri Selatan V Block PP No. 7, Jababeka Industrial Estate II, Cikarang 17550, West Java, Indonesia.
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7
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Castillo C, Zaror S, Gonzalez M, Hidalgo A, Burgos CF, Cabezas OI, Hugues F, Jiménez SP, González-Horta E, González-Chavarría I, Gavilán J, Montesino R, Sánchez O, Lopez MG, Fuentealba J, Toledo JR. Neuroprotective effect of a new variant of Epo nonhematopoietic against oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2018; 14:285-294. [PMID: 28987867 PMCID: PMC5975214 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human erythropoietin is mainly recognized for its hematopoietic function; however, by binding to its receptor (EpoR), it can activate different signaling pathways as STAT, PI3K, MAPK and RAS to increase cellular differentiation or provide neuroprotective effects, among others. A recombinant human erythropoietin variant with low glycosylation and without hematopoietic effect (EpoL) was purified from skimmed goat milk. Recombinant human erythropoietin (Epo) was obtained from CHO cell line and used as control to compare EpoL effects. Neuroprotection studies were performed in PC12 cells and rat hippocampal slices. Cells were pretreated during 1h with EpoL or Epo and exposed to oxidative agents (H2O2 or FCCP); cell viability was assayed at the end of the experiment by the MTT method. Hippocampal slices were exposed to 15min of oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and the neuroprotective drugs EpoL or Epo were incubated for 2h post-OGD in re-oxygenated medium. Cell cultures stressed with oxidative agents, and pretreated with EpoL, showed neuroprotective effects of 30% at a concentration 10 times lower than that of Epo. Moreover, similar differences were observed in OGD ex vivo assays. Neuroprotection elicited by EpoL was lost when an antibody against EpoR was present, indicating that its effect is EpoR-dependent. In conclusion, our results suggest that EpoL has a more potent neuroprotective profile than Epo against oxidative stress, mediated by activation of EpoR, thus EpoL represents an important target to develop a potential biopharmaceutical to treat different central nervous system pathologies related to oxidative stress such as stroke or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Castillo
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - S Zaror
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - M Gonzalez
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - A Hidalgo
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - C F Burgos
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compound, Physiology Department. School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - O I Cabezas
- Clinical Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Avenida Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan, Chile
| | - F Hugues
- Clinical Sciences Department, School of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Avenida Vicente Méndez 595, Chillan, Chile
| | - S P Jiménez
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - E González-Horta
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - I González-Chavarría
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - J Gavilán
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compound, Physiology Department. School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - R Montesino
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - O Sánchez
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Manuela G Lopez
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, "Instituo Teófilo Hernando", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - J Fuentealba
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compound, Physiology Department. School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - J R Toledo
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Laboratory, Pathophysiology Department, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
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8
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Hernández CC, Burgos CF, Gajardo AH, Silva-Grecchi T, Gavilan J, Toledo JR, Fuentealba J. Neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin on neurodegenerative and ischemic brain diseases: the role of erythropoietin receptor. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1381-1389. [PMID: 29089974 PMCID: PMC5649449 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.215240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (Epo) is a fundamental hormone in the regulation of hematopoiesis, and other secondary roles mediated by the binding of the hormone to its specific receptor (EpoR), which leads to an activation of key signaling pathways that induce an increase in cell differentiation, apoptosis control and neuroprotection. It has been suggested that their function depends on final conformation of glycosylations, related with affinity to the receptor and its half-life. The presence of EpoR has been reported in different tissues including central nervous system, where it has been demonstrated to exert a neuroprotective function against oxidative stress conditions, such as ischemic injury and neurodegenerative diseases. There is also evidence of an increase in EpoR expression in brain cell lysates of Alzheimer's patients with respect to healthy patients. These results are related with extensive in vitro experimental data of neuroprotection obtained from cell lines, primary cell cultures and hippocampal slices. Additionally, this data is correlated with in vivo experiments (water maze test) in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease where Epo treatment improved cognitive function. These studies support the idea that receptor activation induces a neuroprotective effect in neurodegenerative disorders including dementias, and especially Alzheimer's disease. Taken together, available evidence suggests that Epo appears to be a central element for EpoR activation and neuroprotective properties in the central nervous system. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms associated with neuroprotection and its relation with the activation of EpoR in order with identify new targets to develop pharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Castillo Hernández
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Felipe Burgos
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Angela Hidalgo Gajardo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Tiare Silva-Grecchi
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Javiera Gavilan
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Roberto Toledo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Fuentealba
- Laboratory of Screening of Neuroactive Compounds, Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Santi D, Granata AR, Pignatti E, Trenti T, Roli L, Bozic R, Zaza S, Pacchioni C, Rochira V, Carani C, Simoni M. Effects of chronic administration of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor vardenafil on serum levels of adrenal and testicular steroids in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrine 2017; 56:426-437. [PMID: 27515804 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate whether long-term, chronic treatment with the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor vardenafil affects adrenal and testicular steroidogenesis in diabetic men, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A longitudinal, prospective, investigator-started, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical-trial was carried out, enrolling 54 male patients affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed within the last 5 years. In total, 26 and 28 patients were followed for 1 year and assigned to the study and placebo group, respectively. Progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol and cortisol, were evaluated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. No differences were seen in sex testicular steroids between study and control group. As for the adrenal gland, steroids were considered according to the zona in which they are produced. No significant differences were seen in steroid produced in zona fasciculata. For the zona reticularis, dehydroepiandrosterone significantly decreased during treatment only in the study group (p = 0.007), with higher levels at visit 2 and 8 than other visits. The dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate/dehydroepiandrosterone ratio significantly increased during treatment only in the verum group. Considering the adrenal zona glomerulosa, corticosterone significantly changed among visits both in both groups (p < 0.001), with higher levels at visit 2 (p = 0.028), 8 (p = 0.003), and 10 (p = 0.044), i.e., in coincidence with the complete clinical and instrumental examination performed only at these visits according to the study protocol. Chronically administered vardenafil reduces dehydroepiandrosterone levels and increases dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate/dehydroepiandrosterone ratio as possible consequences of modulation of steroidogenic enzymes by tissue changes in cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate availability. A possibly stress-related increase in corticosterone is suggested for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Santi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy.
| | - Antonio Rm Granata
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Pignatti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Roli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Rochira
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Cesare Carani
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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10
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Kowitzke B, Cohrs G, Leuschner I, Koch A, Synowitz M, Mehdorn HM, Held-Feindt J, Knerlich-Lukoschus F. Cellular Profiles and Molecular Mediators of Lesion Cascades in the Placode in Human Open Spinal Neural Tube Defects. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2016; 75:827-42. [PMID: 27354486 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelomeningoceles (mmc) are clinically challenging CNS malformations. Although improvement in their management has been achieved with respect to antenatal diagnosis, prevention, and fetal surgery, the cellular mechanisms of damage in the neural placode are poorly understood. We aimed to identify cellular and molecular factors in lesion amplifying cascades in mmc placodes. Seventeen mmc specimens obtained during reconstructive surgery that harbored sufficient neuroepithelial tissue were investigated. Normal adult and stillborn spinal cord tissue served as controls. Placodes exhibited similar cellular profiles with consistent neuronal marker expression, elevated GFAP-/vimentin immunoreactivity in all, and CD3/CD11b/CD68-immunolabeling in some cases. Increased expression of pro-inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1β [Il-1β]/IL-1 receptor type 1 [IL-R1]) and neuroprotective erythropoietin/erythropoietin receptor (Epo/EpoR) cytokines was detected by immunohistochemistry, double-fluorescence labeling, and real-time RT-PCR. In all cases, there was a multi-cellular induction of IL-1β and IL1-R1. EpoR and Epo immunoreactivity was elevated in some cases with neuronal expression patterns. Epo was further co-expressed with HIF-1/-2α, which paralleled Epo induction in the corresponding placodes. These observations confirm the induction of cellular and molecular alterations in human mmc placodes that resemble the secondary lesion cascades induced by spinal cord injury. The pro-inflammatory and neuroprotective cytokine expression in mmc placodes may represent new targets for the treatment of open neural tube defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bea Kowitzke
- Department of Neurosurgery (BK, GC, MS, HMM, JH-F, FK-L)Department of Pathology (IL), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany;Department of Neuropathology (AK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gesa Cohrs
- Department of Neurosurgery (BK, GC, MS, HMM, JH-F, FK-L)Department of Pathology (IL), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany;Department of Neuropathology (AK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivo Leuschner
- Department of Neurosurgery (BK, GC, MS, HMM, JH-F, FK-L)Department of Pathology (IL), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany;Department of Neuropathology (AK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arend Koch
- Department of Neurosurgery (BK, GC, MS, HMM, JH-F, FK-L)Department of Pathology (IL), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany;Department of Neuropathology (AK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Synowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery (BK, GC, MS, HMM, JH-F, FK-L)Department of Pathology (IL), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany;Department of Neuropathology (AK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hubertus Maximilian Mehdorn
- Department of Neurosurgery (BK, GC, MS, HMM, JH-F, FK-L)Department of Pathology (IL), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany;Department of Neuropathology (AK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janka Held-Feindt
- Department of Neurosurgery (BK, GC, MS, HMM, JH-F, FK-L)Department of Pathology (IL), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany;Department of Neuropathology (AK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Knerlich-Lukoschus
- Department of Neurosurgery (BK, GC, MS, HMM, JH-F, FK-L)Department of Pathology (IL), University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany;Department of Neuropathology (AK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Ribeiro S, Garrido P, Fernandes J, Vala H, Rocha-Pereira P, Costa E, Belo L, Reis F, Santos-Silva A. Renal risk-benefit determinants of recombinant human erythropoietin therapy in the remnant kidney rat model - hypertension, anaemia, inflammation and drug dose. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:343-54. [PMID: 26889660 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinical studies showed that high doses of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) used to correct anaemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) hyporesponsive patients may lead to deleterious effects. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of rHuEPO in doses usually used to correct CKD-anaemia (100, 200 IU/kg body weight (BW) per week) and in higher doses used in the treatment of hyporesponsive patients (400, 600 IU/kg BW per week), focusing on renal damage, hypoxia, inflammation and fibrosis. Male Wistar rats with chronic renal failure (CRF) induced by 5/6 nephrectomy were treated with rHuEPO or with vehicle, over a 3-week period. Haematological, biochemical and renal function analyses were performed. Kidney and liver mRNA levels were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and protein expression by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Kidney histopathological evaluations were also performed. The CRF group developed anaemia, hypertension and a high score of renal histopathologic lesions. Correction of anaemia was achieved with all rHuEPO doses, with improvement in hypertension, renal function and renal lesions. In addition, the higher rHuEPO doses also improved inflammation. Blood pressure was reduced in all rHuEPO-treated groups, compared to the CRF group, but increased in a dose-dependent manner. The current study showed that rHuEPO treatment corrected anaemia and improved urinary albumin excretion, particularly at lower doses. In addition, it is suggested that a short-term treatment with high doses, used to overcome an episode of hyporesponsiveness to rHuEPO therapy, can present benefits by reducing inflammation, without worsening of renal lesions; however, the pro-hypertensive effect should be considered, and carefully managed to avoid a negative cardiorenal impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ribeiro
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Garrido
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Research Unit, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Fernandes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Research Unit, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Helena Vala
- Centre for Studies in Education, Technologies and Health (CI&DETS), CITAB, Agrarian School of Viseu, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Petronila Rocha-Pereira
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elísio Costa
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Belo
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology - Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Research Unit, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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12
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Bagu ET, Layoun A, Calvé A, Santos MM. Friend of GATA and GATA-6 modulate the transcriptional up-regulation of hepcidin in hepatocytes during inflammation. Biometals 2013; 26:1051-65. [PMID: 24179092 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-013-9683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidin is an antimicrobial peptide hormone that plays a central role in the metabolism of iron and its expression in the liver can be induced through two major pathways: the inflammatory pathway, mainly via IL-6; and the iron-sensing pathway, mediated by BMP-6. GATA-proteins are group of evolutionary conserved transcriptional regulators that bind to the consensus motif-WGATAR-in the promoter region. In hepatoma cells, GATA-proteins 4 and 6 in conjunction with the co-factor friend of GATA (FOG) were shown to modulate the transcription of HAMP. However, it is unclear as to which of the GATA-proteins drive the expression of HAMP in vivo. In this study, using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we investigated the relevance of GATA and FOG proteins in the expression of hepcidin following treatment with IL-6 and BMP-6. We found that treatment of Huh7 cells with either IL-6 or BMP-6 increased the HAMP promoter activity. The HAMP promoter activity following treatment with IL-6 or BMP-6 was further increased by co-transfection of the promoter with GATA proteins 4 and 6. However, co-transfection of the HAMP promoter with FOG proteins 1 or 2 repressed the promoter response to treatments with either IL-6 or BMP-6. The effects of both GATA and FOG proteins on the promoter activity in response to IL-6 or BMP-6 treatment were abrogated by mutation of the GATA response element-TTATCT-in the HAMP promoter region -103/-98. In vivo, treatment of mice with lipopolysaccharide led to a transient increase of Gata-6 expression in the liver that was positively correlated with the expression of hepcidin. Our results indicate that during inflammation GATA-6 is up-regulated in concert with hepcidin while GATA-4 and FOG (1 and 2) are repressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Bagu
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Institut du Cancer de Montréal, (ICM), University of Montreal, Pavillon De Sève Porte Y-5625, 2099 rue Alexandre De Sève, Montreal, QC, H2L 4M1, Canada,
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13
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Simoni J, Simoni G, Moeller JF, Feola M, Griswold JA, Wesson DE. Adenosine-5'-triphosphate-adenosine-glutathione cross-linked hemoglobin as erythropoiesis-stimulating agent. Artif Organs 2012; 36:139-50. [PMID: 22339724 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2011.01431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An effective hemoglobin (Hb)-based blood substitute that acts as a physiological oxygen carrier and volume expander ought to stimulate erythropoiesis. A speedy replacement of blood loss with endogenous red blood cells should be an essential feature of any blood substitute product because of its relatively short circulatory retention time and high autoxidation rate. Erythropoiesis is a complex process controlled by oxygen and redox-regulated transcription factors and their target genes that can be affected by Hb physicochemical properties. Using an in vitro cellular model, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of erythropoietic action of unmodified tetrameric Hb (UHb) and Hb cross-linked with adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), adenosine, and reduced glutathione (GSH). These effects were studied under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Results indicate that these Hb solutions have different effects on stabilization and nuclear translocation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 alpha, induction of the erythropoietin (EPO) gene, activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B, and expression of the anti-erythropoietic agents-tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta 1. UHb suppresses erythropoiesis by increasing the cytoplasmic degradation of HIF-1 alpha and decreasing binding to the EPO gene while inducing NF-kappa B-dependent anti-erythropoietic genes. Cross-linked Hb accelerates erythropoiesis by downregulating NF-kappa B, stabilizing and facilitating HIF-1 alpha binding to the EPO gene, under both oxygen conditions. ATP and adenosine contribute to normoxic stabilization of HIF-1 and, with GSH, inhibit the NF-kappa B pathway that is involved in the suppression of erythroid-specific genes. Proper chemical/pharmacological modification is required to consider acellular Hb as an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Simoni
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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14
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Gerlo S, Kooijman R, Beck IM, Kolmus K, Spooren A, Haegeman G. Cyclic AMP: a selective modulator of NF-κB action. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:3823-41. [PMID: 21744067 PMCID: PMC11114830 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been known for several decades that cyclic AMP (cAMP), a prototypical second messenger, transducing the action of a variety of G-protein-coupled receptor ligands, has potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions. These actions have been attributed in part to the ability of cAMP-induced signals to interfere with the function of the proinflammatory transcription factor Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-κB). NF-κB plays a crucial role in switching on the gene expression of a plethora of inflammatory and immune mediators, and as such is one of the master regulators of the immune response and a key target for anti-inflammatory drug design. A number of fundamental molecular mechanisms, contributing to the overall inhibitory actions of cAMP on NF-κB function, are well established. Paradoxically, recent reports indicate that cAMP, via its main effector, the protein kinase A (PKA), also promotes NF-κB activity. Indeed, cAMP actions appear to be highly cell type- and context-dependent. Importantly, several novel players in the cAMP/NF-κB connection, which selectively direct cAMP action, have been recently identified. These findings not only open up exciting new research avenues but also reveal novel opportunities for the design of more selective, NF-κB-targeting, anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gerlo
- VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, Ghent University (UGent), Albert Baertsoenkaai, Belgium.
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15
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Abstract
This is a Minireview covering landmarks or milestones in the development of erythropoietin (EPO). Thirty-nine landmark advances have been identified, which cover the period 1863-2003. Several reports are included that directly support these original landmark advances. This Minireview also updates some of the advances in EPO research since my last Minireview update on EPO published in this journal in 2003. The areas of EPO research updated are: sites of production; purification, assay and standardization; regulation; action; use in anemias; extraerythropoietic actions; adverse effects; and blood doping. The new reports on the use of EPO in the therapy of myocardial infarction; stroke and other neurological diseases; diabetic retinopathy and other retinal diseases are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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16
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Hodges VM, Rainey S, Lappin TR, Maxwell AP. Pathophysiology of anemia and erythrocytosis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2007; 64:139-58. [PMID: 17656101 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2007.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Revised: 03/02/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing understanding of the process of erythropoiesis raises some interesting questions about the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of anemia and erythrocytosis. The mechanisms underlying the development of many of the erythrocytoses, previously characterised as idiopathic, have been elucidated leading to an increased understanding of oxygen homeostasis. Characterisation of anemia and erythrocytosis in relation to serum erythropoietin levels can be a useful addition to clinical diagnostic criteria and provide a rationale for treatment with erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs). Recombinant human erythropoietin as well as other ESAs are now widely used to treat anemias associated with a range of conditions, including chronic kidney disease, chronic inflammatory disorders and cancer. There is also heightened awareness of the potential abuse of ESAs to boost athletic performance in competitive sport. The discovery of erythropoietin receptors outside of the erythropoietic compartment may herald future applications for ESAs in the management of neurological and cardiac diseases. The current controversy concerning optimal hemoglobin levels in chronic kidney disease patients treated with ESAs and the potential negative clinical outcomes of ESA treatment in cancer reinforces the need for cautious evaluation of the pleiotropic effects of ESAs in non-erythroid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien M Hodges
- Haematology Research Group, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom.
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17
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Toffoli S, Feron O, Raes M, Michiels C. Intermittent hypoxia changes HIF-1alpha phosphorylation pattern in endothelial cells: unravelling of a new PKA-dependent regulation of HIF-1alpha. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2007; 1773:1558-71. [PMID: 17662481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Vascularized tumors are exposed to intermittent hypoxia, that is, hypoxia followed by periods of reoxygenation. Abnormal structure and dysfunction of tumor blood vessels are responsible for these conditions. These repeated short periods of hypoxia concern tumor cells as well as endothelial cells. However, the effects of intermittent hypoxia are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intermittent hypoxia on endothelial cells and particularly on HIF-1alpha, a central actor in adaptive response to hypoxia. For that, endothelial cells were exposed to four repeated cycles of 1-h hypoxia followed by 30 min of reoxygenation. We showed that repeated cycles of hypoxia/reoxygenation induced a modification in HIF-l alpha phosphorylation pattern: a progressive increase in HIF-1alpha phosphorylated form was observed during the hypoxic periods. Activation of p42/p44, Akt and PKA was observed in parallel. PKA was shown to be involved in the phosphorylation of HIF-lalpha under intermittent hypoxia, while p42/p44 and Akt were not. As HIF-1 activity is often associated with enhanced cell survival, a better knowledge of the effects of intermittent hypoxia on endothelial cells and the highlight of particular mechanisms induced by intermittent hypoxia are essential to understand the behavior of endothelial cells during neo-angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Toffoli
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, FUNDP-University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
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