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Naia Fioretto M, Colombelli KT, da Silva CLF, Dos Santos SAA, Camargo ACL, Constantino FB, Portela LMF, Aquino AMD, Barata LA, Mattos R, Scarano WR, Zambrano E, Justulin LA. Maternal malnutrition associated with postnatal sugar consumption increases inflammatory response and prostate disorders in rat offspring. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 588:112223. [PMID: 38556160 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Maternal malnutrition can alter developmental biology, programming health and disease in offspring. The increase in sugar consumption during the peripubertal period, a worldwide concern, also affects health through adulthood. Studies have shown that maternal exposure to a low protein diet (LPD) is associated with an increase in prostate disease with aging. However, the combined effects of maternal LPD and early postnatal sugar consumption on offspring prostate disorders were not investigated. The effects on aging were evaluated using a maternal gestational model with lactational LPD (6% protein) and sugar consumption (10%) from postnatal day (PND) 21-90, associating the consequences on ventral prostate (VP) rats morphophysiology on PND540. An increase was shown in mast cells and in the VP of the CTR + SUG and Gestational and Lactational Low Protein (GLLP) groups. In GLLP + SUG, a significant increase was shown in TGF-β1 expression in both the systemic and intra-prostatic forms, and SMAD2/3p had increased. The study identified maternal LPD and sugar consumption as risk factors for prostatic homeostasis in senility, activating the TGFβ1-SMAD2/3 pathway, a signaling pathway with potential markers for prostatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Naia Fioretto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ketlin Thassiani Colombelli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Alexandre Alcantara Dos Santos
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Ana Carolina Lima Camargo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia Bessi Constantino
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Marcos Frediani Portela
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariana Musa de Aquino
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luisa Annibal Barata
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Mattos
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Wellerson Rodrigo Scarano
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico; Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Antonio Justulin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Arellano JI, Duque A, Rakic P. A coming-of-age story: adult neurogenesis or adolescent neurogenesis in rodents? Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1383728. [PMID: 38505771 PMCID: PMC10948509 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1383728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
It is surprising that after more than a century using rodents for scientific research, there are no clear, consensual, or consistent definitions for when a mouse or a rat becomes adult. Specifically, in the field of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, where this concept is central, there is a trend to consider that puberty marks the start of adulthood and is not uncommon to find 30-day-old mice being described as adults. However, as others discussed earlier, this implies an important bias in the perceived importance of this trait because functional studies are normally done at very young ages, when neurogenesis is at its peak, disregarding middle aged and old animals that exhibit very little generation of new neurons. In this feature article we elaborate on those issues and argue that research on the postnatal development of mice and rats in the last 3 decades allows to establish an adolescence period that marks the transition to adulthood, as occurs in other mammals. Adolescence in both rat and mice ends around postnatal day 60 and therefore this age can be considered the onset of adulthood in both species. Nonetheless, to account for inter-individual, inter-strain differences in maturation and for possible delays due to environmental and social conditions, 3 months of age might be a safer option to consider mice and rats bona fide adults, as suggested by The Jackson Labs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon I. Arellano
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Alvaro Duque
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience at Yale, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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Camargo AC, Constantino FB, Santos SA, Colombelli KT, Portela LM, Fioretto MN, Barata LA, Valente GT, Moreno CS, Justulin LA. Deregulation of ABCG1 early in life contributes to prostate carcinogenesis in maternally malnourished offspring rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 580:112102. [PMID: 37972683 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept has provided the framework to assess how early life experiences can shape health and disease throughout the life course. Using a model of maternal exposure to a low protein diet (LPD; 6% protein) during the gestational and lactational periods, we demonstrated changes in the ventral prostate (VP) transcriptomic landscape in young rats exposed to maternal malnutrition. Male offspring Sprague Dawley rats were submitted to maternal malnutrition during gestation and lactation, and they were weighed, and distance anogenital was measured, followed were euthanized by an overdose of anesthesia at 21 postnatal days. Next, the blood and the ventral prostate (VP) were collected and processed by morphological analysis, biochemical and molecular analyses. RNA-seq analysis identified 411 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the VP of maternally malnourished offspring compared to the control group. The molecular pathways enriched by these DEGs are related to cellular development, differentiation, and tissue morphogenesis, all of them involved in both normal prostate development and carcinogenesis. Abcg1 was commonly deregulated in young and old maternally malnourished offspring rats, as well in rodent models of prostate cancer (PCa) and in PCa patients. Our results described ABCG1 as a potential DOHaD gene associated with perturbation of prostate developmental biology with long-lasting effects on carcinogenesis in old offspring rats. A better understanding of these mechanisms may help with the discussion of preventive strategies against early life origins of non-communicable chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cl Camargo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia B Constantino
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Aa Santos
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Cancer Signaling and Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ketlin T Colombelli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Mf Portela
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus N Fioretto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luísa A Barata
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme T Valente
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos S Moreno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Luis A Justulin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Velasquez-Munoz A, Schuurmans EJ, Brester JL, Starken K, Abuelo A. Association of maternal late-gestation lipid mobilization and their offspring's disease risk during the pre-weaned period and performance through first lactation: A cohort study in a dairy herd. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1102421. [PMID: 36908524 PMCID: PMC9995790 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1102421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Excessive maternal lipid mobilization in late gestation may impact the immune function of the newborn. However, the long-term effects remain unknown. The objective was to explore associations between excessive maternal lipid mobilization in the last 2 weeks of gestation with offspring health and performance. Methods A retrospective study was performed including 1,511 calves (heifer = 692, bull = 819) born between 2015 and 2020 in one MI farm. Plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) was measured from cows 7 to 14 d before calving. Calves were categorized in 2 groups based NEFA concentration: physiological lipid mobilization (PLM = 1,373; NEFA <0.3 mM) and excessive lipid mobilization (ELM = 138; NEFA ≥0.3 mM). Calf records were obtained from the herd's management software. Outcomes of interest were the hazard of pre-weaned digestive and respiratory disease, pre-weaned ADG, age at first breeding and calving, first lactation 305 d mature equivalent milk yield (305ME), and survival until first calving. Statistical models included dam NEFA category adjusted by year and season of birth, parity of the dam, and sex of the calf. Cox proportional analysis was used to determine the hazard of a pre-weaned health event, first breeding, and first calving. Linear regression was used to evaluate ADG and 305ME. The survival until first calving was analyzed with logistic regression. Results and discussion No difference was detected in the hazard of diarrhea (HRPLM vs. ELM = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.82-1.38) and respiratory disease (HRPLM vs. ELM = 1.29; 95% CI = 0.79-2.10) by NEFA category in the pre-weaned period. Also, no difference was detected for the LSM (±SE) of pre-weaned ADG (PLM = 0.77±1.55, ELM = 0.72±2.76 kg/d). In heifers, the hazard for first breeding favored the PLM group (HRPLM vs. ELM = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.18-2.12), with a reduced median age at first breeding (PLM = 400 d, 95% CI = 397-402; ELM = 412 d, 95% CI = 404-421). However, NEFA category was not associated with the hazard of first calving (HRPLM vs. ELM = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.69-1.27), first lactation 305ME (PLM = 16,665±165 kg; ELM = 16,256±532), the odds of presenting at least 1 health event in the first lactation (ORPLM vs. ELM = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.41-1.49), or the odds of leaving the herd before first calving (ORPLM vs. ELM = 1.21; 95% CI = 0.56-2.02). Overall, dam ELM affected the hazard of first breeding but no other indicators of health or long-term performance. However, associations between maternal lipid mobilization and calf outcomes cannot be excluded, as the NEFA cut-off used has not been established as a predictor of offspring health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Velasquez-Munoz
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Emily J Schuurmans
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jill L Brester
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kathryn Starken
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Angel Abuelo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Folguieri MS, Franco ATB, Vieira AS, Gontijo JAR, Boer PA. Transcriptome and morphological analysis on the heart in gestational protein-restricted aging male rat offspring. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:892322. [PMID: 36353510 PMCID: PMC9638007 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.892322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Adverse factors that influence embryo/fetal development are correlated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type-2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, impaired kidney development, psychiatric disorders, and enhanced susceptibility to oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in adulthood. Human and experimental studies have demonstrated a reciprocal relationship between birthweight and cardiovascular diseases, implying intrauterine adverse events in the onset of these abnormalities. In this way, it is plausible that confirmed functional and morphological heart changes caused by gestational protein restriction could be related to epigenetic effects anticipating cardiovascular disorders and reducing the survival time of these animals. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into two groups according to the protein diet content offered during the pregnancy: a normal protein diet (NP, 17%) or a Low-protein diet (LP, 6%). The arterial pressure was measured, and the cardiac mass, cardiomyocytes area, gene expression, collagen content, and immunostaining of proteins were performed in the cardiac tissue of male 62-weeks old NP compared to LP offspring. Results: In the current study, we showed a low birthweight followed by catch-up growth phenomena associated with high blood pressure development, increased heart collagen content, and cardiomyocyte area in 62-week-old LP offspring. mRNA sequencing analysis identified changes in the expression level of 137 genes, considering genes with a p-value < 0.05. No gene was. Significantly changed according to the adj-p-value. After gene-to-gene biological evaluation and relevance, the study demonstrated significant differences in genes linked to inflammatory activity, oxidative stress, apoptosis process, autophagy, hypertrophy, and fibrosis pathways resulting in heart function disorders. Conclusion: The present study suggests that gestational protein restriction leads to early cardiac diseases in the LP progeny. It is hypothesized that heart dysfunction is associated with fibrosis, myocyte hypertrophy, and multiple abnormal gene expression. Considering the above findings, it may suppose a close link between maternal protein restriction, specific gene expression, and progressive heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina S. Folguieri
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Nucleus of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, FCM, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Teresa Barufi Franco
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Nucleus of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, FCM, Campinas, Brazil
| | - André Schwambach Vieira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Antonio Rocha Gontijo
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Nucleus of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, FCM, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Patricia Aline Boer
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Nucleus of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, FCM, Campinas, Brazil
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Langley-Evans SC. Early life programming of health and disease: the long-term consequences of obesity in pregnancy: a narrative review. J Hum Nutr Diet 2022; 35:816-832. [PMID: 35475555 PMCID: PMC9540012 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is rising in all parts of the world and among young women it presents a very clear danger during pregnancy. Women who are overweight or who gain excessive weight during pregnancy are at greater risk of complications in pregnancy and labour, and are more likely to lose their child to stillbirth, or themselves die during pregnancy. This narrative review considers the evidence that in addition to increasing risk of poor pregnancy outcomes, obesity has the capacity to programme fetuses to be at greater risk of cardiometabolic disorders later in life. An extensive body of evidence from prospective and retrospective cohorts, and record linkage studies demonstrates associations of maternal obesity and/or gestational diabetes with cardiovascular disease, type-1 and type-2 diabetes. Studies in animals suggest that these associations are underpinned by adaptations that occur in fetal life, which remodel the structures of major organs including the brain, kidney and pancreas. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Langley-Evans
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD
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Transcriptome Analysis of the Nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Litoditis marina in Different Food Environments. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10050580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diets regulate animal development, reproduction, and lifespan. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. We previously showed that a chemically defined CeMM diet attenuates the development and promotes the longevity of C. elegans, but whether it impacts other nematodes is unknown. Here, we studied the effects of the CeMM diet on the development and longevity of the marine nematode Litoditis marina, which belongs to the same family as C. elegans. We further investigated genome-wide transcriptional responses to the CeMM and OP50 diets for both nematodes, respectively. We observed that the CeMM diet attenuated L. marina development but did not extend its lifespan. Through KEEG enrichment analysis, we found that many of the FOXO DAF-16 signaling and lysosome and xenobiotic metabolism related genes were significantly increased in C. elegans on the CeMM diet, which might contribute to the lifespan extension of C. elegans. Notably, we found that the expression of lysosome and xenobiotic metabolism pathway genes was significantly down-regulated in L. marina on CeMM, which might explain why the CeMM diet could not promote the lifespan of L. marina compared to bacterial feeding. Additionally, the down-regulation of several RNA transcription and protein generation and related processes genes in C. elegans on CeMM might not only be involved in extending longevity, but also contribute to attenuating the development of C. elegans on the CeMM diet, while the down-regulation of unsaturated fatty acids synthesis genes in L. marina might contribute to slow down its growth while on CeMM. This study provided important insights into how different diets regulate development and lifespan, and further genetic analysis of the candidate gene(s) of development and longevity will facilitate exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying how diets regulate animal physiology and health in the context of variable nutritional environments.
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Grigoletti-Lima GB, Lopes MG, Franco ATB, Damico AM, Boer PA, Rocha Gontijo JA. Severe Gestational Low-Protein Intake Impacts Hippocampal Cellularity, Tau, and Amyloid-β Levels, and Memory Performance in Male Adult Offspring: An Alzheimer-Simile Disease Model? J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022; 6:17-30. [PMID: 35243209 PMCID: PMC8842744 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal undernutrition has been associated with psychiatric and neurological disorders characterized by learning and memory impairment. OBJECTIVE Considering the lack of evidence, we aimed to analyze the effects of gestational protein restriction on learning and memory function associated with hippocampal cell numbers and neurodegenerative protein content later in life. METHODS Experiments were conducted in gestational low- (LP, 6% casein) or regular-protein (NP, 17% casein) diet intake offspring. Behavioral tests, isolated hippocampal isotropic fractionator cell studies, immunoblotting, and survival lifetime were observed. RESULTS The birthweight of LP males is significantly reduced relative to NP male progeny, and hippocampal mass increased in 88-week-old LP compared to age-matched NP offspring. The results showed an increased proximity measure in 87-week-old LP compared to NP offspring. Also, LP rats exhibited anxiety-like behaviors compared to NP rats at 48 and 86-wk of life. The estimated neuron number was unaltered in LP rats; however, non-neuron cell numbers increased compared to NP progeny. Here, we showed unprecedented hippocampal deposition of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), and tau protein in 88-week-old LP relative to age-matched NP offspring. CONCLUSION To date, no predicted studies showed changes in hippocampal morphological structure in maternal protein-restricted elderly offspring. The current data suggest that gestational protein restriction may accelerate hippocampal function loss, impacting learning/memory performance, and supposedly developing diseases similar to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in elderly offspring. Thus, we propose that maternal protein restriction could be an elegant and novel method for constructing an AD-like model in adult male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Boer Grigoletti-Lima
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte MetabolismLaboratory, Nucleus of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences at StateUniversity of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gustavo Lopes
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte MetabolismLaboratory, Nucleus of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences at StateUniversity of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Tereza Barufi Franco
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte MetabolismLaboratory, Nucleus of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences at StateUniversity of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Aparecida Marcela Damico
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte MetabolismLaboratory, Nucleus of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences at StateUniversity of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrìcia Aline Boer
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte MetabolismLaboratory, Nucleus of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences at StateUniversity of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Antonio Rocha Gontijo
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte MetabolismLaboratory, Nucleus of Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences at StateUniversity of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Calsa B, Masiero BC, Esquisatto MAM, Catisti R, Santamaria M. Gestational protein restriction alters the RANKL/OPG system in the dental germ of offsprings. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2020; 10:743-746. [PMID: 33101893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluate the dentinogenesis in the offspring of rats submitted to gestational protein restriction (GPR). DESIGN The offspring were evaluated at the 21st day of gestation (21 dG). Assessments were made of morphological parameters and the RANKL/OPG system - bone tissue maturation markers - in the upper incisor tooth germ. Pregnant 10-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into normal protein (NP, 17% casein, n = 5) and low protein (LP, 6% casein, n = 5) diet groups. At 21 dG, the offspring maxillae were collected for histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS The LP group showed decreased thickness of the dentin and odontoblast cell layers on the tooth germ. GPR led to decreased OPG expression and increased RANKL expression in the incisor germ. CONCLUSION The results suggested that gestational protein restriction altered odontoblast RANKL/OPG expression and decreased dentin matrix deposition and thickness in tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Calsa
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation - FHO, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Calloni Masiero
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation - FHO, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rosana Catisti
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation - FHO, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Milton Santamaria
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation - FHO, Araras, SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Orthodontics, University Center of Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras, SP, Brazil
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Cooper EB, Kruuk LEB. Ageing with a silver-spoon: A meta-analysis of the effect of developmental environment on senescence. Evol Lett 2018; 2:460-471. [PMID: 30283695 PMCID: PMC6145406 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
What determines variation between individuals in how they senesce, and are environmental conditions experienced during development relevant to late-life performance? We report a meta-analysis of studies of wild populations to determine how the quality of the environment experienced during development affects rates of survival and reproductive senescence. From studies of 14 bird or mammal species, we calculated effect sizes for the interaction between the effects of environmental quality during development and age in predicting survival (N = 18) or reproduction (N = 30) over time in late life. We found no evidence that developmental environment affected rates of survival senescence (βmean = -1.2 × 10-4 ± 0.022SE). However, a better developmental environment was associated with slower rates of reproductive senescence in late life (βmean = 0.062 ± 0.023SE), indicating a small, but significant, "silver-spoon" effect of early-life conditions that persisted through to late life. Our results illustrate how the effects of environmental conditions during development can persist throughout life, and indicate one possible cause of phenotypic plasticity in senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve B. Cooper
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityActonCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Loeske E. B. Kruuk
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityActonCanberraACT2601Australia
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Abstract
Well-controlled intrauterine development is an essential condition for many aspects of normal adult physiology and health. This process is disrupted by poor maternal nutrition status during pregnancy. Indeed, physiological adaptations occur in the fetus to ensure nutrient supply to the most vital organs at the expense of the others, leading to irreversible consequences in tissue formation and differentiation. Evidence indicates that maternal undernutrition in early life promotes changes in key hormones, such as glucocorticoids, growth hormones, insulin-like growth factors, estrogens and androgens, during fetal development. These alterations can directly or indirectly affect hormone release, hormone receptor expression/distribution, cellular function or tissue organization, and impair tissue growth, differentiation and maturation to exert profound long-term effects on the offspring. Within the male reproductive system, maternal protein malnutrition alters development, structure, and function of the gonads, testes and prostate gland. Consequently, these changes impair the reproductive capacity of the male offspring. Further, permanent alterations in the prostate gland occur at the molecular and cellular level and thereby affect the onset of late life diseases such as prostatitis, hyperplasia and even prostate cancer. This review assembles current thoughts on the concepts and mechanisms behind the developmental origins of health and disease as they relate to protein malnutrition, and highlights the effects of maternal protein malnutrition on rat prostate development and homeostasis. Such insights on developmental trajectories of adult-onset prostate disease may help provide a foundation for future studies in this field.
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Obata F, Fons CO, Gould AP. Early-life exposure to low-dose oxidants can increase longevity via microbiome remodelling in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2018; 9:975. [PMID: 29515102 PMCID: PMC5841413 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03070-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental stresses experienced during development exert many long-term effects upon health and disease. For example, chemical oxidants or genetic perturbations that induce low levels of reactive oxygen species can extend lifespan in several species. In some cases, the beneficial effects of low-dose oxidants are attributed to adaptive protective mechanisms such as mitohormesis, which involve long-term increases in the expression of stress response genes. Here we show in Drosophila that transient exposure to low concentrations of oxidants during development leads to an extension of adult lifespan. Surprisingly, this depends upon oxidants acting in an antibiotic-like manner to selectively deplete the microbiome of Acetobacter proteobacteria. We demonstrate that the presence of Acetobacter species, such as A. aceti, in the indigenous microbiota increases age-related gut dysfunction and shortens lifespan. This study demonstrates that low-dose oxidant exposure during early life can extend lifespan via microbiome remodelling rather than mitohormesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Obata
- Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Clara O Fons
- Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Alex P Gould
- Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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Stefana MI, Driscoll PC, Obata F, Pengelly AR, Newell CL, MacRae JI, Gould AP. Developmental diet regulates Drosophila lifespan via lipid autotoxins. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1384. [PMID: 29123106 PMCID: PMC5680271 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life nourishment exerts long-term influences upon adult physiology and disease risk. These lasting effects of diet are well established but the underlying mechanisms are only partially understood. Here we show that restricting dietary yeast during Drosophila development can, depending upon the subsequent adult environment, more than double median lifespan. Developmental diet acts via a long-term influence upon the adult production of toxic molecules, which we term autotoxins, that are shed into the environment and shorten the lifespan of both sexes. Autotoxins are synthesised by oenocytes and some of them correspond to alkene hydrocarbons that also act as pheromones. This study identifies a mechanism by which the developmental dietary history of an animal regulates its own longevity and that of its conspecific neighbours. It also has important implications for the design of lifespan experiments as autotoxins can influence the regulation of longevity by other factors including diet, sex, insulin signalling and population density.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Irina Stefana
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Paul C Driscoll
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Fumiaki Obata
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | | | - Clare L Newell
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - James I MacRae
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Alex P Gould
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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Van Eetvelde M, Opsomer G. Innovative look at dairy heifer rearing: Effect of prenatal and post-natal environment on later performance. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52 Suppl 3:30-36. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Van Eetvelde
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - G Opsomer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
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Abstract
Prenatal exposure to famine is associated with an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in the offspring at adult age. The aim of this study was to assess whether prenatal exposure to undernutrition increases the risk of stroke. This study was performed in the Dutch famine birth cohort, which consist of 2414 members who were born between 1943 and 1947 in the Netherlands. In a subsample of 1177 individuals, interviews were conducted using standardized questionnaires to obtain information about medical history (which included specific questions regarding stroke) and lifestyle. Information on stroke-related mortality was collected by linking the cohort with Statistics Netherlands. A Cox's proportional hazard analysis was performed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) comparing the incidence of non-fatal stroke between participants who were exposed, subdivided into early, mid and late gestation, and unexposed to famine prenatally. Three cohort members died of stroke. Of the 1177 subjects who responded to the questionnaires 49 (4.2%) survived a stroke. Unadjusted and adjusted HRs for the risk of non-fatal stroke did not show a significant difference between the unexposed and exposed subjects: HR 1.23 (95% CI 0.53-2.83), HR 1.23 (95% CI 0.53-2.82), HR 1.12 (95% CI 0.46-2.71) for those exposed in late, mid and early gestation, respectively. We were unable to find evidence for a major effect of prenatal exposure to famine on the risk of stroke in later life, although one should be aware that this study was underpowered and the study population too selected and young to identify smaller risks.
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Colombelli KT, Santos SAA, Camargo ACL, Constantino FB, Barquilha CN, Rinaldi JC, Felisbino SL, Justulin LA. Impairment of microvascular angiogenesis is associated with delay in prostatic development in rat offspring of maternal protein malnutrition. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 246:258-269. [PMID: 28041790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Experimental data demonstrated the negative impact of maternal protein malnutrition (MPM) on rat prostate development, but the mechanism behind the impairment of prostate growth has not been well understood. Male Sprague Dawley rats, borned to dams fed a normal protein diet (CTR group, 17% protein diet), were compared with those borned from dams fed a low protein diet (6% protein diet) during gestation (GLP group) or gestation and lactation (GLLP). The ventral prostate lobes (VP) were removed at post-natal day (PND) 10 and 21, and analyzed via different methods. The main findings were low birth weight, a reduction in ano-genital distance (AGD, a testosterone-dependent parameter), and an impairment of prostate development. A delay in prostate morphogenesis was associated with a reduced testosterone levels and angiogenic process through downregulation of aquaporin-1 (AQP-1), insulin/IGF-1 axis and VEGF signaling pathway. Depletion of the microvascular network, which occurs in parallel to the impairment of proliferation and differentiation of the epithelial cells, affects the bidirectional flux between blood vessels impacting prostatic development. In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis that a reduction in microvascular angiogenesis, especially in the subepithelial compartment, is associated to the impairment of prostate morphogenesis in the offspring of MPM dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketlin T Colombelli
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio A A Santos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C L Camargo
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia B Constantino
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline N Barquilha
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline C Rinaldi
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L Felisbino
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis A Justulin
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Ozdemirci S, Kasapoglu T, Dilbaz B, Salgur F, Duran B, Koc O, Unverdi H, Hucumenoglu S. The effect of surgical menopause on the intima-media thickness of the carotid and coronary arteries. Climacteric 2016; 19:452-7. [PMID: 27538242 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2016.1212007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of prior bilateral oophorectomy on the intima-media thickness (IMT) of coronary and carotid arteries. METHODS A total of 25 Wistar albino rats, aged 8-10 weeks, were assigned to three groups: ovariectomized (n = 10), control (n = 10) and sham (n = 5). The rats in the sham group only underwent midline laparotomy, while the other rats' ovaries were removed by the same type of laparotomy. All rats were sacrificed to evaluate microscopically the impact of a prolonged 26-week surgical menopause (menopausal period) on the IMT of the carotid and coronary arterial structure. RESULTS The mean IMTs of both the carotid and coronary arteries in the ovariectomized group were significantly thicker than those of the control and sham groups (carotid arteries: 268.69 ± 53.67, 195.61 ± 47.60 and 193.86 ± 75.01 μm, p = 0.014; coronary arteries: 182.40 ± 30.22, 136.00 ± 35.82 and 165.24 ± 40.68 μm, p = 0.022, respectively). CONCLUSION According to the results of this study, surgical menopause results in a noteworthy increase in the IMT of the carotid and coronary arteries when compared with the controls. This interventional effect may have a significant role in accelerating the process of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ozdemirci
- a Department of Gynecology , Gynecological Clinic, Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Education and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - T Kasapoglu
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatology & High-Risk Pregnancy Clinic , Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Education and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey ;,c Department of Epidemiology , Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - B Dilbaz
- d Etlik Zübeyde Hanim Women's Teaching and Research Hospital , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Infertility Unit , Ankara , Turkey
| | - F Salgur
- e Hizan Government Hospital , Department of Family Medicine , Bitlis , Turkey
| | - B Duran
- f Abant Izzet Baysal University , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Bolu , Turkey
| | - O Koc
- f Abant Izzet Baysal University , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Bolu , Turkey
| | - H Unverdi
- g Ankara Teaching and Research Hospital , Department of Pathology , Ankara , Turkey
| | - S Hucumenoglu
- g Ankara Teaching and Research Hospital , Department of Pathology , Ankara , Turkey
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Bleker LS, de Rooij SR, Painter RC, van der Velde N, Roseboom TJ. Prenatal Undernutrition and Physical Function and Frailty at the Age of 68 Years: The Dutch Famine Birth Cohort Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71:1306-14. [PMID: 27146370 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence suggesting that the aging process has its origins in utero. We have previously shown that prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine is associated with chronic noncommunicable diseases and poorer cognitive function in men and women and increased mortality in women. We investigated whether prenatal undernutrition during early gestation is associated with decreased physical function in later life. METHODS Between November 2012 and September 2013, we have studied a random subsample of 150 members of the Dutch famine birth cohort at the age of 68 years, of which 49 were exposed to prenatal undernutrition. In this observational study, we measured indicators of physical function including grip strength and the short physical performance battery. We composed categories of frailty, according to the Fried frailty scale. We also assessed self-reported activity and self-perceived health. RESULTS Men, but not women, exposed to prenatal undernutrition had significantly lower grip strength (B = -4.2kg; 95% confidence interval: -8.2 to -0.3) and a lower physical performance score (B = -0.8 points; 95% confidence interval: -1.5 to 0.0) than unexposed men, independent of relevant confounders. There were no differences in frailty, self-reported activity, or self-perceived health between exposed and unexposed groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study results suggest that prenatal undernutrition is associated with decreased physical function in later life in men, but not in women. Our findings provide further evidence for the hypothesis that prenatal undernutrition may lead to an accelerated aging process in humans. We currently do not have sufficient power to detect effects on frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Bleker
- Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics,
| | | | | | - Nathalie van der Velde
- Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa J Roseboom
- Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Obstetrics, Department of Gynaecology, and
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19
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Vega CC, Reyes-Castro LA, Rodríguez-González GL, Bautista CJ, Vázquez-Martínez M, Larrea F, Chamorro-Cevallos GA, Nathanielsz PW, Zambrano E. Resveratrol partially prevents oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction in pregnant rats fed a low protein diet and their offspring. J Physiol 2016; 594:1483-99. [PMID: 26662841 DOI: 10.1113/jp271543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein restriction in pregnancy produces maternal and offspring metabolic dysfunction potentially as a result of oxidative stress. Data are lacking on the effects of inhibition of oxidative stress. We hypothesized that maternal resveratrol administration decreases oxidative stress, preventing, at least partially, maternal low protein-induced maternal and offspring metabolic dysfunction. In the present study, pregnant wistar rats ate control (C) (20% casein) or a protein-restricted (R) (10% casein) isocaloric diet. Half of each group received resveratrol orally, 20 mg kg(-1) day(-1), throughout pregnancy. Post-delivery, mothers and offspring ate C. Oxidative stress biomarkers and anti-oxidant enzymes were measured in placenta, maternal and fetal liver, and maternal serum corticosterone at 19 days of gestation (dG). Maternal (19 dG) and offspring (postnatal day 110) glucose, insulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, fat and leptin were determined. R mothers showed metabolic dysfunction, increased corticosterone and oxidative stress and reduced anti-oxidant enzyme activity vs. C. R placental and fetal liver oxidative stress biomarkers and anti-oxidant enzyme activity increased. R offspring showed higher male and female leptin, insulin and corticosterone, male triglycerides and female fat than C. Resveratrol decreased maternal leptin and improved maternal, fetal and placental oxidative stress markers. R induced offspring insulin and leptin increases were prevented and other R changes were offspring sex-dependent. Resveratrol partially prevents low protein diet-induced maternal, placental and sex-specific offspring oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction. Oxidative stress is one mechanism programming offspring metabolic outcomes. These studies provide mechanistic evidence to guide human pregnancy interventions when fetal nutrition is impaired by poor maternal nutrition or placental function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C Vega
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,Pharmacy Department, National School of Biological Sciences, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Reyes-Castro
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe L Rodríguez-González
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia J Bautista
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Magaly Vázquez-Martínez
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando Larrea
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Germán A Chamorro-Cevallos
- Pharmacy Department, National School of Biological Sciences, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Wyoming Center for Pregnancy and Life Course Health Research, Department of Animal Science, University Wyoming, Laramie, WY
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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20
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Aravidou E, Eleftheriades M, Malamitsi-Puchner A, Anagnostopoulos AK, Aravantinos L, Dontas I, Aravidis C, Creatsas G, Tsangaris G, Chrousos GP. Protein expression in the brain of rat offspring in relation to prenatal caloric restriction. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:2707-14. [PMID: 26515516 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1102222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has been associated with decreased supply of crucial substrates to the fetus and affects its growth and development by temporarily or permanently modifying gene expression and function. However, not all neonates born by calorie restricted mothers are IUGR and there are no reports regarding their brain protein expression vis-à-vis that of their IUGR siblings. Here, we investigated the expression of key proteins that regulate growth and development of the brain in non-IUGR newborn pups versus IUGR siblings and control pups. METHODS Rat brain proteins were isolated from each group upon delivery and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). RESULTS 14-3-3 Protein, calreticulin, elongation factor, alpha-enolase, fascin, heat-shock protein HSP90 and pyruvate kinase isozymes were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in samples obtained from IUGR newborn pups compared to non-IUGR. Conversely, collapsin response mediator proteins, heat-shock70 and peroxiredoxin2 were decreased in IUGR group compared to non-IUGR. CONCLUSIONS In our experimental study, IUGR pups showed an altered proteomic profile compared to their non-IUGR siblings and non-IUGR controls. Thus, not all offspring of calorie-restricted mothers become IUGR with the accompanying alterations in the expression of proteins. The differentially expressed proteins could modulate alterations in the energy balance, plasticity and maturation of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftychia Aravidou
- a First Department of Pediatrics and.,b Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School , University of Athens , Greece
| | - Makarios Eleftheriades
- a First Department of Pediatrics and.,c Embryocare, Fetal Medicine Unit , Athens , Greece
| | - Ariadne Malamitsi-Puchner
- d Division of Neonatology , Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Athanassios K Anagnostopoulos
- e Proteomics Research Unit, Center of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens , Greece
| | - Leon Aravantinos
- b Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School , University of Athens , Greece
| | - Ismene Dontas
- f Laboratory For Research of the Musculoskeletal System , School of Medicine, University of Athens , Greece
| | - Christos Aravidis
- g Cytogenetics Unit of Critical Care Department, Medical School, University of Athens , Greece
| | - Georgios Creatsas
- b Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School , University of Athens , Greece
| | - Georgios Tsangaris
- e Proteomics Research Unit, Center of Basic Research II, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens , Greece
| | - Georgios P Chrousos
- a First Department of Pediatrics and.,h Clinical Research Centre, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens , Greece
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Moraes C, Rebelato HJ, Amaral MEC, Resende TM, Silva EVC, Esquisatto MAM, Catisti R. Effect of maternal protein restriction on liver metabolism in rat offspring. J Physiol Sci 2014; 64:347-55. [PMID: 24994532 PMCID: PMC10717648 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-014-0325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Consequences of gestational protein restriction (GPR) on liver metabolism in rat offspring were investigated. Pregnant dams were divided into groups: normal (NP, 17% casein) or low-protein diet (LP, 6% casein). Livers were collected from 30-day-old offspring (d30) for analysis or isolation of mitochondria. At d30, hepatic and muscle glycogen was increased in LP group. Mitochondrial swelling and oxygen uptake (recorded with a Clark-type electrode) were significantly reduced in NP female and LP pups. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances production was lower in females (NP or LP), suggesting significant inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Measurement of mitochondrial respiration (states 3 and 4 stimulated by succinate) showed a higher ADP/O ratio in LP pups, particularly females, suggesting higher phosphorylation efficiency. In the 1st month of life, under our experimental conditions, GPR protects liver mitochondria against oxidative stress and females seem to be more resistant or more suitable for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Moraes
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, Uniararas, Av Maximiliano Baruto 500, 13607-339 Araras, SP Brazil
| | - Hércules J. Rebelato
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, Uniararas, Av Maximiliano Baruto 500, 13607-339 Araras, SP Brazil
| | - Maria Esmeria C. Amaral
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, Uniararas, Av Maximiliano Baruto 500, 13607-339 Araras, SP Brazil
| | - Thais Marangoni Resende
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, Uniararas, Av Maximiliano Baruto 500, 13607-339 Araras, SP Brazil
| | - Eduarda V. C. Silva
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, Uniararas, Av Maximiliano Baruto 500, 13607-339 Araras, SP Brazil
| | - Marcelo A. M. Esquisatto
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, Uniararas, Av Maximiliano Baruto 500, 13607-339 Araras, SP Brazil
| | - Rosana Catisti
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, Uniararas, Av Maximiliano Baruto 500, 13607-339 Araras, SP Brazil
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Abstract
Nephrogenesis in the rat starts mid-gestation and continues into lactation. Maternal low protein (LP) intake leads to renal injury in rats and associates with mild renal injury in humans. We hypothesized that LP during early nephrogenesis or throughout gestation would induce more renal injury in rat offspring than when LP was only present before nephrogenesis. Pregnant rats were fed LP diet (9% casein) at early gestation (LPE, day 0-7), mid (LPM, day 8-14), late (LPL, day 15-22) or throughout gestation (LPA, day 0-22) and compared to controls on 18% casein diet. Offspring were studied at 18 months. Renal injury was assessed by 24 h proteinuria, plasma urea, antioxidant enzyme activities, and apoptosis (Bax/Bcl2). Proteinuria was higher in LPM males and LPE and LPM females. In LPM males glutathione peroxidase activity was lower, while in LPE males catalase activity was higher. Antioxidants were not much affected in females. Bax expression was higher in LPM males and females, while Bcl2 expression was higher in LPA females. Thus even before nephrogenesis (day 0-7), LP impacted on renal integrity in adult life, while LP during a later phase (day 15-22) or throughout gestation had less effect. In summary, for aging rat kidney LP poses the greatest threat when restricted to early nephrogenesis.
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Hou C. Increasing Energetic Cost of Biosynthesis during Growth Makes Refeeding Deleterious. Am Nat 2014; 184:233-47. [DOI: 10.1086/676856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Available data from both experimental and epidemiological studies suggest that inadequate diet in early life can permanently change the structure and function of specific organs or homoeostatic pathways, thereby ‘programming’ the individual’s health status and longevity. Sufficient evidence has accumulated showing significant impact of epigenetic regulation mechanisms in nutritional programming phenomenon. The essential role of early-life diet in the development of aging-related chronic diseases is well established and described in many scientific publications. However, the programming effects on lifespan have not been extensively reviewed systematically. The aim of the review is to provide a summary of research findings and theoretical explanations that indicate that longevity can be influenced by early nutrition.
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Langley-Evans SC. Nutrition in early life and the programming of adult disease: a review. J Hum Nutr Diet 2014; 28 Suppl 1:1-14. [PMID: 24479490 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Foetal development and infancy are life stages that are characterised by rapid growth, development and maturation of organs and systems. Variation in the quality or quantity of nutrients consumed by mothers during pregnancy, or infants during the first year of life, can exert permanent and powerful effects upon developing tissues. These effects are termed 'programming' and represent an important risk factor for noncommunicable diseases of adulthood, including the metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease. This narrative review provides an overview of the evidence-base showing that indicators of nutritional deficit in pregnancy are associated with a greater risk of type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular mortality. There is also a limited evidence-base that suggests some relationship between breastfeeding and the timing and type of foods used in weaning, and disease in later life. Many of the associations reported between indicators of early growth and adult disease appear to interact with specific genotypes. This supports the idea that programming is one of several cumulative influences upon health and disease acting across the lifespan. Experimental studies have provided important clues to the mechanisms that link nutritional challenges in early life to disease in adulthood. It is suggested that nutritional programming is a product of the altered expression of genes that regulate the cell cycle, resulting in effective remodelling of tissue structure and functionality. The observation that traits programmed by nutritional exposures in foetal life can be transmitted to further generations adds weight the argument that heritable epigenetic modifications play a critical role in nutritional programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Langley-Evans
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
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Sugared water consumption by adult offspring of mothers fed a protein-restricted diet during pregnancy results in increased offspring adiposity: the second hit effect. Br J Nutr 2013; 111:616-24. [PMID: 24124655 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513003000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Poor maternal nutrition predisposes offspring to metabolic disease. This predisposition is modified by various postnatal factors. We hypothesised that coupled to the initial effects of developmental programming due to a maternal low-protein diet, a second hit resulting from increased offspring postnatal sugar consumption would lead to additional changes in metabolism and adipose tissue function. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of sugared water consumption (5% sucrose in the drinking-water) on adult offspring adiposity as a 'second hit' following exposure to maternal protein restriction during pregnancy. We studied four offspring groups: (1) offspring of mothers fed the control diet (C); (2) offspring of mothers fed the restricted protein diet (R); (3) offspring of control mothers that drank sugared water (C-S); (4) offspring of restricted mothers that drank sugared water (R-S). Maternal diet in pregnancy was considered the first factor and sugared water consumption as the second factor - the second hit. Body weight and total energy consumption, before and after sugared water consumption, were similar in all the groups. Sugared water consumption increased TAG, insulin and cholesterol concentrations in both the sexes of the C-S and R-S offspring. Sugared water consumption increased leptin concentrations in the R-S females and males but not in the R offspring. There was also an interaction between sugared water and maternal diet in males. Sugared water consumption increased adipocyte size and adiposity index in both females and males, but the interaction with maternal diet was observed only in females. Adiposity index and plasma leptin concentrations were positively correlated in both the sexes. The present study shows that a second hit during adulthood can amplify the effects of higher adiposity arising due to poor maternal pregnancy diet in an offspring sex dependent fashion.
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Nascimento E, Guzman-Quevedo O, Delacourt N, da Silva Aragão R, Perez-Garcia G, de Souza SL, Manhães-de-Castro R, Bolaños-Jiménez F, Kaeffer B. Long-lasting effect of perinatal exposure to L-tryptophan on circadian clock of primary cell lines established from male offspring born from mothers fed on dietary protein restriction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56231. [PMID: 23460795 PMCID: PMC3584092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Maternal undernutrition programs metabolic adaptations which are ultimately detrimental to adult. L-tryptophan supplementation was given to manipulate the long-term sequelae of early-life programming by undernutrition and explore whether cultured cells retain circadian clock dysregulation. Methods Male rat pups from mothers fed on low protein (8%, LP) or control (18%, CP) diet were given, one hour before light off, an oral bolus of L-tryptophan (125 mg/kg) between Day-12 and Day-21 of age. Body weight, food intake, blood glucose along with the capacity of colonization of primary cells from biopsies were measured during the young (45–55 days) and adult (110–130 days) phases. Circadian clock oscillations were re-induced by a serum shock over 30 hours on near-confluent cell monolayers to follow PERIOD1 and CLOCK proteins by Fluorescent Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (FLISA) and period1 and bmal1 mRNA by RT-PCR. Cell survival in amino acid-free conditions were used to measure circadian expression of MAP-LC3B, MAP-LC3B-FP and Survivin. Results Tryptophan supplementation did not alter body weight gain nor feeding pattern. By three-way ANOVA of blood glucose, sampling time was found significant during all phases. A significant interaction between daily bolus (Tryptophan, saline) and diets (LP, CP) were found during young (p = 0.0291) and adult (p = 0.0285) phases. In adult phase, the capacity of colonization at seeding of primary cells was twice lower for LP rats. By three-way ANOVA of PERIOD1 perinuclear/nuclear immunoreactivity during young phase, we found a significant effect of diets (p = 0.049), daily bolus (p<0.0001) and synchronizer hours (p = 0.0002). All factors were significantly interacting (p = 0.0148). MAP-LC3B, MAP-LC3B-FP and Survivin were altered according to diets in young phase. Conclusions Sequelae of early-life undernutrition and the effects of L-tryptophan supplementation can be monitored non-invasively by circadian sampling of blood D-glucose and on the expression of PERIOD1 protein in established primary cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Nascimento
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saude, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Omar Guzman-Quevedo
- Unité Mixte de Recherche-1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Université de Nantes, France
| | - Nellie Delacourt
- Unité Mixte de Recherche-1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Université de Nantes, France
| | - Raquel da Silva Aragão
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saude, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Georgina Perez-Garcia
- Unité Mixte de Recherche-1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Université de Nantes, France
| | - Sandra Lopes de Souza
- Departamento de Anatomia, Centro de Ciências Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Raul Manhães-de-Castro
- Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saude, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Francisco Bolaños-Jiménez
- Unité Mixte de Recherche-1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Université de Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Kaeffer
- Unité Mixte de Recherche-1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles, Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Université de Nantes, France
- * E-mail:
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Fetal programming of CVD and renal disease: animal models and mechanistic considerations. Proc Nutr Soc 2013; 72:317-25. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665112003035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis postulates that exposure to a less than optimal maternal environment during fetal development programmes physiological function, and determines risk of disease in adult life. Much evidence of such programming comes from retrospective epidemiological cohorts, which demonstrate associations between birth anthropometry and non-communicable diseases of adulthood. The assertion that variation in maternal nutrition drives these associations is supported by studies using animal models, which demonstrate that maternal under- or over-nutrition during pregnancy can programme offspring development. Typically, the offspring of animals that are undernourished in pregnancy exhibit a relatively narrow range of physiological phenotypes that includes higher blood pressure, glucose intolerance, renal insufficiency and increased adiposity. The observation that common phenotypes arise from very diverse maternal nutritional insults has led to the proposal that programming is driven by a small number of mechanistic processes. The remodelling of tissues during development as a consequence of maternal nutritional status being signalled by endocrine imbalance or key nutrients limiting processes in the fetus may lead to organs having irreversibly altered structures that may limit their function with ageing. It has been proposed that the maternal diet may impact upon epigenetic marks that determine gene expression in fetal tissues, and this may be an important mechanism connecting maternal nutrient intakes to long-term programming of offspring phenotype. The objective for this review is to provide an overview of the mechanistic basis of fetal programming, demonstrating the critical role of animal models as tools for the investigation of programming phenomena.
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Impact of improvements in breeding of laboratory rodents in ageing research. Proc Nutr Soc 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665113002255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Aberrant expression of collapsin response mediator proteins‐1, ‐2 and ‐5 in the brain of intrauterine growth restricted rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2012; 31:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Differences in productive robustness in rabbits selected for reproductive longevity or litter size. Animal 2012; 3:637-46. [PMID: 22444441 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731109003838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of a line selected for reproductive longevity (LP) to confront productive challenges compared to a line selected during 31 generations for litter size at weaning (V). A total of 133 reproductive rabbit does were used (72 and 61 from LP and V lines, respectively). Within each line, three groups with different levels of productive effort were planned: PP9, inseminated at day 4 after the first partum and with nine kits during the second partum, and inseminated after first weaning (30 days) and with nine (PW9) or five kits (PW5) during the second partum. The reproductive performance, body condition (perirrenal fat thickness (PFT)) and lipolytic response were controlled. LP does showed greater mean live weight (LW; +128 g; P < 0.05), PFT (+0.47 mm; P < 0.05) and estimated body energy (EBE; +0.29 MJ/kg; P < 0.01) than V does at second partum. However, LP does that mated at first post partum did not significantly differ in EBE relative to V does at second partum. During the first week of lactation, dry matter (DM) intake was similar for both lines (94 and 95 g DM/kg LW0.75 day for V and LP does, respectively). There was a significant difference in milk yield between both lines during the first week when litter size was nine (60 v. 54 g of milk/kg LW0.75 day for LP and V does, respectively; P < 0.01), but no difference when litter size was five. Consequently, when litter size was nine, LP does showed a lower recovery of PFT (0.6 mm less; P < 0.05) than V does during the first 10 days of lactation. However, when litter size was five, LP does showed a higher LW (+210 g; P < 0.05) than V does at 10 days of lactation and a similar recovery of PFT. During the last 3 weeks of the lactation, LP does showed a higher feed intake (+6 g DM/kg LW0.75 day; P < 0.05) and milk yield (+27 g/day; P < 0.001) than V does when litter size was nine, resulting in no significant differences in LW at 30 days of lactation. However, when litter size was five, both lines showed similar feed intake and milk yield, maintaining their differences in LW at 30 days of lactation (+206 g for LP does; P < 0.05). These results show that the rabbit line selected for reproductive longevity is more robust with respect to coping with productive challenges, than a line selected for reproductive intensity.
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Szendrő Z, Szendrő K, Zotte AD. Management of reproduction on small, medium and large rabbit farms: a review. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2012; 25:738-48. [PMID: 25049621 PMCID: PMC4093116 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
One of the main goals of small, medium and large farms is to improve the reproductive performance of rabbit does. Stocks of lower productivity can be improved by crossing with intensive breeds. A better nutritional status of both foetuses and suckling kits has a positive effect on their later productivity. Overfeeding young females before first mating can lead to conditions of fattiness. Using restricted feeding or higher fibre content in the feed and changing it for a higher level ad libitum feeding about one week prior to first mating leads to longer lifespan and higher productive level. Intensive reproductive rhythm creates a negative energy balance in does : they are unable to consume enough feed (energy) for the nutritional requirements of foetus and lactation, and therefore lose most of their fat reserves. Furthermore, primiparous does also expend energy because they are still growing. Under intensive conditions, the 42-d reproductive rhythm (re-mating 11 days after parturition) is recommended. Under extensive conditions, the 18 or 25-d mating interval with 35 to 42-d weaning could be suitable. On small farms, natural mating is favoured; on large farms AI is commonly employed. The main advantage of AI is the all-in, all-out system. Hormonal (PMSG) treatment is used with AI to increase receptivity on d 11. Frequent and high level PMSG use can lead to higher anti-PMSG antibody rates. Lower level (max. 20 IU) and less frequent PMSG injection or non-hormonal alternative methods (short dam-litter separation, changing nursing method or lighting programs) are recommended for this reason.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zs Szendrő
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - K Szendrő
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - A Dalle Zotte
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Mitochondrial Respiration Is Decreased in Rat Kidney Following Fetal Exposure to a MaternalLow-ProteinDiet. J Nutr Metab 2012; 2012:989037. [PMID: 22536494 PMCID: PMC3321454 DOI: 10.1155/2012/989037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal protein restriction in rat pregnancy is associated with impaired renal development and age-related loss of renal function in the resulting offspring. Pregnant rats were fed either control or low-protein (LP) diets, and kidneys from their male offspring were collected at 4, 13, or 16 weeks of age. Mitochondrial state 3 and state 4 respiratory rates were decreased by a third in the LP exposed adults. The reduction in mitochondrial function was not explained by complex IV deficiency or altered expression of the complex I subunits that are typically associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Similarly, there was no evidence that LP-exposure resulted in greater oxidative damage to the kidney, differential expression of ATP synthetase β-subunit, and ATP-ADP translocase 1. mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 2 was increased in adult rats exposed to LP in utero, but there was no evidence of differential expression at the protein level. Exposure to maternal undernutrition is associated with a decrease in mitochondrial respiration in kidneys of adult rats. In the absence of gross disturbances in respiratory chain protein expression, programming of coupling efficiency may explain the long-term impact of the maternal diet.
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van Abeelen AFM, Veenendaal MVE, Painter RC, de Rooij SR, Dijkgraaf MGW, Bossuyt PMM, Elias SG, Grobbee DE, Uiterwaal CSPM, Roseboom TJ. Survival effects of prenatal famine exposure. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:179-83. [PMID: 22170371 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.022038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse intrauterine conditions are known to be associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases in adult life. Previously, we showed that prenatal famine exposure increased the incidence of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in adulthood. OBJECTIVE We examined the association between prenatal famine exposure and adult mortality. DESIGN We studied adult mortality among 1991 term singletons from the Dutch Famine Birth Cohort. We compared overall and cause-specific adult mortality among people exposed to famine in late, mid, and early gestation with those unexposed to famine in utero by using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS A total of 206 persons (10%) had died by the end of follow-up. Compared with unexposed women, women exposed to famine in early gestation had a significantly higher risk of overall adult mortality (HR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.4), cardiovascular mortality (HR: 4.6; 95% CI: 1.2, 17.7), cancer mortality (HR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1, 4.7), and breast cancer mortality (HR: 8.3; 95% CI: 1.1, 63.0). In men exposed to famine in early gestation, these associations were as follows compared with unexposed men: overall adult mortality (HR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2, 1.1), cardiovascular mortality (HR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.3, 3.1), and cancer mortality (HR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.0, 1.9). CONCLUSIONS Women exposed to famine in early gestation had a higher overall adult, cardiovascular, cancer, and breast cancer mortality risk than did women not exposed to famine. No such effects were observed in men exposed to famine in early gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annet F M van Abeelen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Remmers F, Delemarre-van de Waal HA. Developmental programming of energy balance and its hypothalamic regulation. Endocr Rev 2011; 32:272-311. [PMID: 21051592 DOI: 10.1210/er.2009-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Developmental programming is an important physiological process that allows different phenotypes to originate from a single genotype. Through plasticity in early life, the developing organism can adopt a phenotype (within the limits of its genetic background) that is best suited to its expected environment. In humans, together with the relative irreversibility of the phenomenon, the low predictive value of the fetal environment for later conditions in affluent countries makes it a potential contributor to the obesity epidemic of recent decades. Here, we review the current evidence for developmental programming of energy balance. For a proper understanding of the subject, knowledge about energy balance is indispensable. Therefore, we first present an overview of the major hypothalamic routes through which energy balance is regulated and their ontogeny. With this background, we then turn to the available evidence for programming of energy balance by the early nutritional environment, in both man and rodent models. A wealth of studies suggest that energy balance can indeed be permanently affected by the early-life environment. However, the direction of the effects of programming appears to vary considerably, both between and within different animal models. Because of these inconsistencies, a comprehensive picture is still elusive. More standardization between studies seems essential to reach veritable conclusions about the role of developmental programming in adult energy balance and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor Remmers
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany.
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37
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Alexandre-Gouabau MCF, Bailly E, Moyon TL, Grit IC, Coupé B, Le Drean G, Rogniaux HJ, Parnet P. Postnatal growth velocity modulates alterations of proteins involved in metabolism and neuronal plasticity in neonatal hypothalamus in rats born with intrauterine growth restriction. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 23:140-52. [PMID: 21429728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) due to maternal protein restriction is associated in rats with an alteration in hypothalamic centers involved in feeding behaviour. In order to gain insight into the mechanism of perinatal maternal undernutrition in the brain, we used proteomics approach to identify hypothalamic proteins that are altered in their expression following protein restriction in utero. We used an animal model in which restriction of the protein intake of pregnant rats (8% vs. 20%) produces IUGR pups which were randomized to a nursing regimen leading to either rapid or slow catch-up growth. We identified several proteins which allowed, by multivariate analysis, a very good discrimination of the three groups according to their perinatal nutrition. These proteins were related to energy-sensing pathways (Eno 1, E(2)PDH, Acot 1 and Fabp5), redox status (Bcs 1L, PrdX3 and 14-3-3 protein) or amino acid pathway (Acy1) as well as neurodevelopment (DRPs, MAP2, Snca). In addition, the differential expressions of several key proteins suggested possible shunts towards ketone-body metabolism and lipid oxidation, providing the energy and carbon skeletons necessary to lipogenesis. Our results show that maternal protein deprivation during pregnancy only (IUGR with rapid catch-up growth) or pregnancy and lactation (IUGR with slow postnatal growth) modulates numerous metabolic pathways resulting in alterations of hypothalamic energy supply. As several of these pathways are involved in signalling, it remains to be determined whether hypothalamic proteome adaptation of IUGR rats in response to different postnatal growth rates could also interfere with cerebral plasticity or neuronal maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Cécile F Alexandre-Gouabau
- INRA and University of Nantes, UMR-1280 Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles CHU Hôtel Dieu, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France.
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Hou C, Bolt KM, Bergman A. Energetic basis of correlation between catch-up growth, health maintenance, and aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2011; 66:627-38. [PMID: 21393421 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glr027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Catch-up growth, referring to infants with low birth weight reaching or exceeding normal body weight later in life, is negatively correlated to adult health outcome and life span. Life history theories have suggested that there exist trade-offs between early development and later health maintenance, but detailed mechanisms and the currency of the trade-off are unclear. In this paper, we present a general theoretical model for quantitatively elucidating the trade-off between growth rate and health maintenance in mammals from an energetic viewpoint. Based on the fundamental principles of energy conservation and organisms' energy budgets, our model analyzes the allocation of metabolic energy to growth and health maintenance in different sets of prenatal and postnatal environments. Our model also implies a relationship between growth rate and the general process of aging. Life-span predictions are supported by quantitative and qualitative empirical observations and offer theoretical frameworks for future experimental designs and data analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hou
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Costantini D. Effects of diet quality on growth pattern, serum oxidative status, and corticosterone in Pigeons (Columba livia). CAN J ZOOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1139/z10-046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been suggested to be affected by the growth and developmental period of animals, hence it may play an important role in the trade-off between growth and self-maintenance. In this study, I analysed the effects of two different diet regimes (high-quality diet, HQD; low-quality diet, LQD) on growth pattern, three components of the serum oxidative status (hydroperoxides, antioxidant capacity, and thiols), and serum corticosterone in nestling Pigeons ( Columba livia Gmelin, 1789). The growth pattern was similar in the first week of life, after which HQD nestlings grew faster than LQD nestlings. Although there were no differences in serum corticosterone or thiol concentrations, serum oxidative damage increased faster over the nestling phase in HQD than LQD chicks. Serum antioxidant capacity remained stable over time in LQD nestlings and increased in HQD nestlings. This study provides evidence that different growth rates (induced in the absence of any physiological stress or prior nutritional deprivation) are accompanied by different serum oxidative statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Costantini
- Division of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK (e-mail: )
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O'Regan D, Kenyon CJ, Seckl JR, Holmes MC. Environmental disturbance confounds prenatal glucocorticoid programming experiments in Wistar rats. Lab Anim 2010; 44:199-205. [PMID: 20071412 DOI: 10.1258/la.2009.009032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Low birth weight in humans is predictive of hypertension in adult life, and while the mechanisms underlying this link remain unknown, fetal overexposure to glucocorticoids has been implicated. We have previously shown that prenatal dexamethasone (DEX) exposure in the rat lowers birth weight and programmes adult hypertension. This current study aimed to unravel the molecular nature of this hypertension. However, unknowingly, post hoc investigations revealed that our animals had been subjected to environmental noise stresses from an adjacent construction site, which were sufficient to confound our prenatal DEX-programming experiments. This perinatal stress successfully established low birth weight, hypercorticosteronaemia, insulin resistance, hypertension and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction in vehicle (VEH)-treated offspring, such that the typical distinctions between both treatment groups were ameliorated. The lack of an additional effect on DEX-treated offspring is suggestive of a maximal effect of perinatal stress and glucocorticoids, serving to prevent against the potentially detrimental effects of sustained glucocorticoid hyper-exposure. Finally, this paper serves to inform researchers of the potential detrimental effects of neighbouring construction sites to their experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O'Regan
- Anaesthetics Department, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Abstract
Human epidemiological studies have indicated that the risk of developing non-communicable diseases in later life may be related to exposures during the developmental period. Developmental life is a vulnerable period of the lifespan during which adverse environmental factors have the potential to disturb the processes of cell proliferation and differentiation or to alter patterns of epigenetic remodelling. Animal models have been instrumental in demonstrating the biological plausibility of the associations observed in human populations, providing proof of principle to the theory of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). A variety of large- and small-animal models have made important contributions to the field, providing strong evidence of a causal relationship between early-life exposures and metabolic risk factors in later life. Studies of animal models are continuing to contribute to improving the understanding of the mechanisms of the developmental origins of disease. All models have their advantages and disadvantages, and the model that is most appropriate for any particular study is hypotheses dependent. The present review aims to briefly summarise the contributions that animal models have made to the DOHaD field, before reviewing the strengths and weaknesses of these animal models. It is proposed that the integration of evidence from a variety of different models is required for the advancement of understanding within the field.
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Criscuolo F, Monaghan P, Nasir L, Metcalfe NB. Early nutrition and phenotypic development: 'catch-up' growth leads to elevated metabolic rate in adulthood. Proc Biol Sci 2008; 275:1565-70. [PMID: 18397870 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is responsible for up to 50% of total energy expenditure, and so should be under strong selection pressure, yet it shows extensive intraspecific variation and a low heritability. Environmental conditions during growth are thought to have long-term effects through 'metabolic programming'. Here we investigate whether nutritional conditions early in life can alter RMR in adulthood, and whether this is due to growth acceleration or the change in diet quality that prompts it. We manipulated dietary protein levels during the main growth period of zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) such that an episode of poor nutrition occurred with and without growth acceleration. This produced different growth trajectories but a similar adult body mass. Only the diet that induced growth acceleration resulted in a significant (19%) elevation of RMR at adulthood, despite all the birds having been on the same diet after the first month. This is the first study to show that dietary-induced differences in growth trajectories can have a long-term effect on adult metabolic rate. It suggests that modification of metabolic efficiency may be one of the mechanisms mediating the observed long-term costs of accelerated growth, and indicates links between early nutrition and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Criscuolo
- Ornithology Group, Division of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Rodford JL, Torrens C, Siow RCM, Mann GE, Hanson MA, Clough GF. Endothelial dysfunction and reduced antioxidant protection in an animal model of the developmental origins of cardiovascular disease. J Physiol 2008; 586:4709-20. [PMID: 18669533 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2008.156976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction underlies cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans and is reported in animal models of developmental origins of such disease. We have investigated whether impaired antioxidant defences and NO generation underlie the genesis of endothelial dysfunction and operate as part of the normal processes of developmental plasticity regulating the induction of phenotype in the offspring. Female Wistar rats were fed either a control (C, 18% protein) or protein-restricted (PR, 9% protein) diet throughout pregnancy. Dams and pups were returned to standard laboratory chow post partum. In male offspring, PR resulted in a reduced endothelial responsiveness to acetylcholine (P < 0.05) in resistance arteries, with vascular remodelling evident from a reduction in smooth muscle content. mRNA expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) was increased (P < 0.05) but there was no change in mRNA levels of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) or glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) expression. Interestingly, expression of the antioxidant enzyme haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was reduced in the liver (P < 0.05). Female PR offspring also showed a reduced endothelial responsiveness but exhibited no changes in expression of eNOS, iNOS, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) or antioxidant genes. Thus, in this model of the developmental origins of CVD, the structure and function of resistance arteries in offspring is altered in complex ways which cannot simply be explained by attenuation in vascular eNOS or in antioxidant protection afforded by GCL or MnSOD. The dysfunction in male offspring may partially be counteracted by an up-regulation of eNOS expression; however, PR does lead to reduced HO-1 expression in these offspring, which may affect both their growth and vascular function. Our findings have established that PR induces significant phenotypic changes in male offspring that may be indicative of an adaptive response during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Rodford
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Abstract
In humans, nephrogenesis is completed by 36 weeks of gestation. Thus, human kidney development is complete at the time of birth in full-term infants. Those infants born before 36 weeks of gestation are still undergoing nephrogenesis for several weeks after their preterm birth and, accordingly, may be exposed to medications that impact the kidney during its final stages of renal development. The ultimate nephron number (nephron endowment) may influence future response to kidney injury, should it occur. The concept that nephron number may strongly influence blood pressure as well as susceptibility to kidney disease in later life developed in parallel with that of perinatal programming, which holds that the perinatal milieu causes changes that permanently alter organ structure and function, preordaining adult physiology to some extent. Both concepts together may help elucidate, at least in part, the pathogenesis of not only primary but secondary hypertension. This article summarizes human data on nephron number and its evaluation and considers the circumstances, implication, and management of persons born with or acquiring a decreased complement of nephrons early in life. Insufficient data exist to predict outcome or guide management. However, a common-sense approach of avoiding nephrotoxins and minimizing renal stress is indicated.
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Elmes MJ, McMullen S, Gardner DS, Langley-Evans SC. Prenatal diet determines susceptibility to cardiac ischaemia–reperfusion injury following treatment with diethylmaleic acid and N-acetylcysteine. Life Sci 2008; 82:149-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Revised: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Martin-Gronert MS, Tarry-Adkins JL, Cripps RL, Chen JH, Ozanne SE. Maternal protein restriction leads to early life alterations in the expression of key molecules involved in the aging process in rat offspring. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 294:R494-500. [PMID: 18094069 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00530.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings demonstrate that nutrition during the fetal and neonatal periods can affect the life span of an organism. Our previous studies in rodents using a maternal low protein diet have shown that limiting protein and growth during lactation [postnatal low protein (PLP group)] increases longevity, while in utero growth restriction (IUGR) followed by "catch up growth" (recuperated group) shortens life span. The aim of this study was to investigate mechanisms in early postnatal life that could underlie these substantial differences in longevity. At weaning, PLP animals had improved insulin sensitivity as suggested by lower concentrations of insulin required to maintain concentrations of glucose similar to those of the control group and significant upregulation of insulin receptor-beta, IGF-1 receptor, Akt1, Akt2, and Akt phosphorylated at Ser 473 in the kidney. These animals also had significantly increased SIRT1 (mammalian sirtuin) expression. Expression of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, CuZnSOD, and glutathione peroxidase-1 was elevated in these animals. In contrast, recuperated animals had a significantly increased fasting glucose concentration, while insulin levels remained comparable to those of the control group suggesting relative insulin resistance. MnSOD expression was increased in these animals. These data suggest that early nutrition can lead to alterations in insulin sensitivity and antioxidant capacity very early in life, which may influence life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata S Martin-Gronert
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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Erhuma A, Salter AM, Sculley DV, Langley-Evans SC, Bennett A. Prenatal exposure to a low-protein diet programs disordered regulation of lipid metabolism in the aging rat. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 292:E1702-14. [PMID: 17299084 PMCID: PMC1890310 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00605.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The nutritional environment encountered during fetal life is strongly implicated as a determinant of lifelong metabolic capacity and risk of disease. Pregnant rats were fed a control or low-protein (LP) diet, targeted to early (LPE), mid-(LPM), or late (LPL) pregnancy, or throughout gestation (LPA). The offspring were studied at 1, 9, and 18 mo of age. All LP-exposed groups had similar plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, glucose, and insulin concentrations to those of controls at 1 and 9 mo of age, but by 18 mo there was evidence of LP-programmed hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance. All LP-exposed groups exhibited histological evidence of hepatic steatosis and were found to have two- to threefold more hepatic triglyceride than control animals. These phenotypic changes were accompanied by age-related changes in mRNA and protein expression of the transcription factors SREBP-1c, ChREBP, PPARgamma, and PPARalpha and their respective downstream target genes ACC1, FAS, L-PK, and MCAD. At 9 mo of age, the LP groups exhibited suppression of the SREBP-1c-related lipogenic pathway but between 9 and 18 mo underwent a switch to increased lipogenic capacity with a lower expression of PPARgamma and MCAD, consistent with reduced lipid oxidation. The findings indicate that prenatal protein restriction programs development of a metabolic syndrome-like phenotype that develops only with senescence. The data implicate altered expression of SREBP-1c and ChREBP as key mediators of the programmed phenotype, but the basis of the switch in metabolic status that occurred between 9 and 18 mo of age is, as yet, unidentified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aml Erhuma
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew M Salter
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Dean V Sculley
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Simon C Langley-Evans
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
- Corresponding author. Phone: 0115 951 6139, Fax: 0115 951 6122,
| | - Andrew Bennett
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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Sedová L, Seda O, Kazdová L, Chylíková B, Hamet P, Tremblay J, Kren V, Krenová D. Sucrose feeding during pregnancy and lactation elicits distinct metabolic response in offspring of an inbred genetic model of metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 292:E1318-24. [PMID: 17213469 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00526.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The importance of early environment, including maternal diet during pregnancy, is suspected to play a major role in pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and related conditions. One of the proposed mechanisms is a mismatch between the prenatal and postnatal environments, leading to misprogramming of the metabolic and signaling pathways of the developing fetus. We assessed whether the exposure to high-sucrose diet (HSD) alleviates the detrimental effects of sucrose feeding in later life (predictive adaptive hypothesis) in a highly inbred model of metabolic syndrome, the PD/Cub rat. Rat dams were continuously fed either standard or HSD (70% calories as sucrose) starting 1 wk before breeding, throughout pregnancy, at birth, and until weaning of the offspring. After weaning, all male offspring were fed HSD until the age of 20 wk, when detailed metabolic and morphometric profiles were ascertained. The early life exposure to a sucrose-rich diet resulted in distinct responses to longtime postnatal HSD feeding. Offspring of the sucrose-fed mothers displayed higher adiposity and substantial increases in triglyceride liver content together with unfavorable distribution of cholesterol into lipoprotein subfractions. On the other hand, their adiponectin concentrations were significantly higher, and insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle was enhanced compared with the offspring of standard diet-fed mothers. Triglycerides, free fatty acids, overall glucose tolerance, and the insulin sensitivity of adipose tissue were comparable in both groups. In the genetically identical animals, maternal HSD feeding elicited a variety of subtle effects but did not lead to predictive adaptive protection from most HSD-induced metabolic derangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Sedová
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics of the First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital,Prague, Czech Republic.
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Mallinson JE, Sculley DV, Craigon J, Plant R, Langley-Evans SC, Brameld JM. Fetal exposure to a maternal low-protein diet during mid-gestation results in muscle-specific effects on fibre type composition in young rats. Br J Nutr 2007; 98:292-9. [PMID: 17391556 PMCID: PMC3861786 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507701678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the impact of reduced dietary protein during specific periods of fetal life upon muscle fibre development in young rats. Pregnant rats were fed a control or low-protein (LP) diet at early (days 0-7 gestation, LPEarly), mid (days 8-14, LPMid), late (days 15-22, LPLate) or throughout gestation (days 0-22, LPAll). The muscle fibre number and composition in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of the offspring were studied at 4 weeks of age. In the soleus muscle, both the total number and density of fast fibres were reduced in LPMid females (P = 0.004 for both, Diet x Sex x Fibre type interactions), while both the total number and density of glycolytic (non-oxidative) fibres were reduced in LPEarly, LPMid and LPLate (but not LPAll) offspring compared with controls (P < 0.001 for both, Diet x Fibre type interaction). In the gastrocnemius muscle, only the density of oxidative fibres was reduced in LPMid compared with control offspring (P = 0.019, Diet x Fibre type interaction), with the density of slow fibres being increased in LPAll males compared with control (P = 0.024, Diet x Sex x Fibre type interaction). There were little or no effects of maternal diet on fibre type diameters in the two muscles. In conclusion, a maternal low-protein diet mainly during mid-pregnancy reduced muscle fibre number and density in 4-week-old rats, but there were muscle-specific differences in the fibre types affected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - John M. Brameld
- Corresponding author: Dr John M. Brameld, fax +44 (0)115 951 6122, email
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