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Li X, Jiang N, Zhang J, Yao X, Liu W, Wang Q, Ding J, Hu Z, Zhu L, Wang J, Wang J. Soil health hazards of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate: New perspectives on earthworms from different ecological niches DNA damage, gut microbial disruption and soil enzyme changes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133700. [PMID: 38325098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is perceived an emerging threat to terrestrial ecosystem, however, clear and accurate studies to fully understander ecotoxicity and underlying mechanisms of DEHP on the soil fauna remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study conducted a microcosm experiment of two earthworm ecotypes to investigate the ecological hazards of DHEP from multiple perspectives. The results showed that DEHP significantly increased the 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) content both in Eisenia foetida (13.76-133.0%) and Metaphire guillelmi (11.01-49.12%), leading to intracellular DNA damage. Meanwhile, DEHP negatively affected the expression of functional genes (ATP-6, NADH1, COX), which may be detrimental to mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress at the gene level. The two earthworm guts shared analogous dominant bacteria however, the incorporation of DEHP drastically suppressed the homogeneity and diversity of the gut microbes, which further disrupted the homeostasis of the gut microbial ecological network. The keystone species in the gut of E. foetida decreased under DEHP stress but increased in the gut of M. guillelmi. Moreover, DEHP presented detrimental effects on soil enzyme activity, which is mainly associated with pollutant levels and earthworm activity. Collectively, the findings expand the understanding of soil ecological health and reveal the underlying mechanisms of the potential exposure risk to DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxu Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A& F University, Yangling 712000, PR China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Shandong Institute for Product Quality Inspection, Jin'an 250100, PR China
| | - Xiangfeng Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Wenrong Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Jia Ding
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Zhuran Hu
- Shandong Green and Blue Bio-technology Co. Ltd, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China.
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2
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Holani R, Littlejohn PT, Edwards K, Petersen C, Moon KM, Stacey RG, Bozorgmehr T, Gerbec ZJ, Serapio-Palacios A, Krekhno Z, Donald K, Foster LJ, Turvey SE, Finlay BB. A Murine Model of Maternal Micronutrient Deficiencies and Gut Inflammatory Host-microbe Interactions in the Offspring. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 17:827-852. [PMID: 38307490 PMCID: PMC10973814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Micronutrient deficiency (MND) (ie, lack of vitamins and minerals) during pregnancy is a major public health concern. Historically, studies have considered micronutrients in isolation; however, MNDs rarely occur alone. The impact of co-occurring MNDs on public health, mainly in shaping mucosal colonization by pathobionts from the Enterobacteriaceae family, remains undetermined due to lack of relevant animal models. METHODS To establish a maternal murine model of multiple MND (MMND), we customized a diet deficient in vitamins (A, B12, and B9) and minerals (iron and zinc) that most commonly affect children and women of reproductive age. Thereafter, mucosal adherence by Enterobacteriaceae, the associated inflammatory markers, and proteomic profile of intestines were determined in the offspring of MMND mothers (hereafter, low micronutrient [LM] pups) via bacterial plating, flow cytometry, and mass spectrometry, respectively. For human validation, Enterobacteriaceae abundance, assessed via 16s sequencing of 3-month-old infant fecal samples (n = 100), was correlated with micronutrient metabolites using Spearman's correlation in meconium of children from the CHILD birth cohort. RESULTS We developed an MMND model and reported an increase in colonic abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in LM pups at weaning. Findings from CHILD cohort confirmed a negative correlation between Enterobacteriaceae and micronutrient availability. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased infiltration of lymphocyte antigen 6 complex high monocytes and M1-like macrophages were evident in the colons of LM pups. Mechanistically, mitochondrial dysfunction marked by reduced expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)H dehydrogenase and increased expression of NAD phosphate oxidase (Nox) 1 contributed to the Enterobacteriaceae bloom. CONCLUSION This study establishes an early life MMND link to intestinal pathobiont colonization and mucosal inflammation via damaged mitochondria in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Holani
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paula T Littlejohn
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karlie Edwards
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charisse Petersen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyung-Mee Moon
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Richard G Stacey
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tahereh Bozorgmehr
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zachary J Gerbec
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Antonio Serapio-Palacios
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zakhar Krekhno
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katherine Donald
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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3
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Nesci S. Proton leak through the UCPs and ANT carriers and beyond: A breath for the electron transport chain. Biochimie 2023; 214:77-85. [PMID: 37336388 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria produce heat as a result of an ineffective H+ cycling of mitochondria respiration across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). This event present in all mitochondria, known as proton leak, can decrease protonmotive force (Δp) and restore mitochondrial respiration by partially uncoupling the substrate oxidation from the ADP phosphorylation. During impaired conditions of ATP generation with F1FO-ATPase, the Δp increases and IMM is hyperpolarized. In this bioenergetic state, the respiratory complexes support H+ transport until the membrane potential stops the H+ pump activity. Consequently, the electron transfer is stalled and the reduced form of electron carriers of the respiratory chain can generate O2∙¯ triggering the cascade of ROS formation and oxidative stress. The physiological function to attenuate the production of O2∙¯ by Δp dissipation can be attributed to the proton leak supported by the translocases of IMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, 40064, BO, Italy.
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4
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Kaushal V, Klim J, Skoneczna A, Kurlandzka A, Enkhbaatar T, Kaczanowski S, Zielenkiewicz U. Apoptotic Factors Are Evolutionarily Conserved Since Mitochondrial Domestication. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad154. [PMID: 37616576 PMCID: PMC10565124 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms initiating apoptotic programmed cell death in diverse eukaryotes are very similar. Basically, the mitochondrial permeability transition activates apoptotic proteases, DNases, and flavoproteins such as apoptosis-inducing factors (AIFs). According to the hypothesis of the endosymbiotic origin of apoptosis, these mechanisms evolved during mitochondrial domestication. Various phylogenetic analyses, including ours, have suggested that apoptotic factors were eubacterial protomitochondrial toxins used for killing protoeukaryotic hosts. Here, we tested whether the function of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae apoptotic proteases (metacaspases Mca1 and Nma111), DNase Nuc1, and flavoprotein Ndi1 can be substituted with orthologs from remotely related eukaryotes such as plants, protists, and eubacteria. We found that orthologs of remotely related eukaryotic and even eubacterial proteins can initiate apoptosis in yeast when triggered by chemical stresses. This observation suggests that apoptotic mechanisms have been maintained since mitochondrial domestication, which occurred approximately 1,800 Mya. Additionally, it supports the hypothesis that some of these apoptotic factors could be modified eubacterial toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Kaushal
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Joanna Klim
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Adrianna Skoneczna
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Kurlandzka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Tuguldur Enkhbaatar
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Szymon Kaczanowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Urszula Zielenkiewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
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5
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Lyamzaev KG, Panteleeva AA, Simonyan RA, Avetisyan AV, Chernyak BV. The critical role of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation in ferroptosis: insights from recent studies. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:875-885. [PMID: 37974984 PMCID: PMC10643799 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01126-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a regulated form of necrotic cell death reliant on iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation. Although the precise involvement of mitochondria in ferroptosis remains incompletely elucidated, recent research indicates that mitochondrial oxidative events wield a pivotal influence in this mechanism. This article centers on the most recent discoveries, spotlighting the significance of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation in the occurrence of ferroptosis. Modern investigative tools, such as mitochondria-specific dyes responsive to lipid peroxidation and antioxidants targeting mitochondria, have been employed to delve into this phenomenon. The authors' recent empirical evidence demonstrates that mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, quantified using the innovative fluorescent ratiometric probe MitoCLox, takes place prior to the onset of ferroptotic cell death. The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 hinders mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and thwarts ferroptosis, all while leaving unaffected the buildup of reactive oxygen species within the cytoplasm, an antecedent to mitochondrial lipid peroxidation. Similarly, the redox agent methylene blue, impeding the genesis of reactive oxygen species in complex I of the electron transport chain, also imparts a comparable protective effect. These findings collectively imply that reactive oxygen species originating from complex I might hold particular significance in fomenting mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, a pivotal trigger of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin G. Lyamzaev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- The “Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alisa A. Panteleeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ruben A. Simonyan
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Armine V. Avetisyan
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris V. Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Transgenic NADH dehydrogenase restores oxygen regulation of breathing in mitochondrial complex I-deficient mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1172. [PMID: 36859533 PMCID: PMC9977773 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) is a life-saving reflex, triggered by the activation of chemoreceptor glomus cells in the carotid body (CB) connected with the brainstem respiratory center. The molecular mechanisms underlying glomus cell acute oxygen (O2) sensing are unclear. Genetic disruption of mitochondrial complex I (MCI) selectively abolishes the HVR and glomus cell responsiveness to hypoxia. However, it is unknown what functions of MCI (metabolic, proton transport, or signaling) are essential for O2 sensing. Here we show that transgenic mitochondrial expression of NDI1, a single-molecule yeast NADH/quinone oxidoreductase that does not directly contribute to proton pumping, fully recovers the HVR and glomus cell sensitivity to hypoxia in MCI-deficient mice. Therefore, maintenance of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase activity and the electron transport chain are absolutely necessary for O2-dependent regulation of breathing. NDI1 expression also rescues other systemic defects caused by MCI deficiency. These data explain the role of MCI in acute O2 sensing by arterial chemoreceptors and demonstrate the optimal recovery of complex organismal functions by gene therapy.
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7
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Miotelo L, Ferro M, Maloni G, Otero IVR, Nocelli RCF, Bacci M, Malaspina O. Transcriptomic analysis of Malpighian tubules from the stingless bee Melipona scutellaris reveals thiamethoxam-induced damages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:158086. [PMID: 35985603 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The concern about pesticide exposure to neotropical bees has been increasing in the last few years, and knowledge gaps have been identified. Although stingless bees, (e.g.: Melipona scutellaris), are more diverse than honeybees and they stand out in the pollination of several valuable economical crops, toxicity assessments with stingless bees are still scarce. Nowadays new approaches in ecotoxicological studies, such as omic analysis, were pointed out as a strategy to reveal mechanisms of how bees deal with these stressors. To date, no molecular techniques have been applied for the evaluation of target and/or non-target organs in stingless bees, such as the Malpighian tubules (Mt). Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the Mt of M. scutellaris after one and eight days of exposure to LC50/100 (0.000543 ng a.i./μL) of thiamethoxam (TMX). Through functional annotation analysis of four transcriptome libraries, the time course line approach revealed 237 DEGs (nine clusters) associated with carbon/energy metabolism and cellular processes (lysosomes, autophagy, and glycan degradation). The expression profiles of Mt were altered by TMX in processes, such as detoxification, excretion, tissue regeneration, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA repair. Transcriptome analysis showed that cell metabolism in Mt was mainly affected after 8 days of exposure. Nine genes were selected from different clusters and validated by RT-qPCR. According to our findings, TMX promotes several types of damage in Mt cells at the molecular level. Therefore, interference of different cellular processes directly affects the health of M. scutellaris by compromising the function of Mt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Miotelo
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Milene Ferro
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Geovana Maloni
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Vinicius Ramos Otero
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mauricio Bacci
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Department of General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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8
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Artemisinin Targets Transcription Factor PDR1 and Impairs Candida glabrata Mitochondrial Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101855. [PMID: 36290580 PMCID: PMC9598568 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A limited number of antifungal drugs, the side-effect of clinical drugs and the emergence of resistance create an urgent need for new antifungal treatment agents. High-throughput drug screening and in-depth drug action mechanism analyzation are needed to address this problem. In this study, we identified that artemisinin and its derivatives possessed antifungal activity through a high-throughput screening of the FDA-approved drug library. Subsequently, drug-resistant strains construction, a molecular dynamics simulation and a transcription level analysis were used to investigate artemisinin’s action mechanism in Candida glabrata. Transcription factor pleiotropic drug resistance 1 (PDR1) was an important determinant of artemisinin’s sensitivity by regulating the drug efflux pump and ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. This dysfunction was shown by a depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential, an enhancement of the mitochondrial membrane viscosity and an upregulation of the intracellular ROS level in fungi. The discovery shed new light on the development of antifungal agents and understanding artemisinin’s action mechanism.
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9
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Ryytty S, Modi SR, Naumenko N, Shakirzyanova A, Rahman MO, Vaara M, Suomalainen A, Tavi P, Hämäläinen RH. Varied Responses to a High m.3243A>G Mutation Load and Respiratory Chain Dysfunction in Patient-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162593. [PMID: 36010669 PMCID: PMC9406376 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The m.3243A>G mutation in mitochondrial tRNA-Leu(UUR) is one of the most common pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutations in humans. The clinical manifestations are highly heterogenous and the causes for the drastic clinical variability are unknown. Approximately one third of patients suffer from cardiac disease, which often increases mortality. Why only some patients develop cardiomyopathy is unknown. Here, we studied the molecular effects of a high m.3243A>G mutation load on cardiomyocyte functionality, using cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CM) of two different m.3243A>G patients, only one of them suffering from severe cardiomyopathy. While high mutation load impaired mitochondrial respiration in both patients' iPSC-CMs, the downstream consequences varied. mtDNA mutant cells from a patient with no clinical heart disease showed increased glucose metabolism and retained cellular ATP levels, whereas cells from the cardiac disease patient showed reduced ATP levels. In this patient, the mutations also affected intracellular calcium signaling, while this was not true in the other patient's cells. Our results reflect the clinical variability in mitochondrial disease patients and show that iPSC-CMs retain tissue specific features seen in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Ryytty
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Shalem R. Modi
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nikolay Naumenko
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anastasia Shakirzyanova
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Muhammad Obaidur Rahman
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Miia Vaara
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Stem Cell and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- HUSLab, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pasi Tavi
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riikka H. Hämäläinen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Correspondence:
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10
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Hughey CC, Puchalska P, Crawford PA. Integrating the contributions of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism to lipotoxicity and inflammation in NAFLD pathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Chatterjee A, Maity S, Banerjee S, Dutta S, Adhikari M, Guchhait R, Biswas C, De S, Pramanick K. Toxicological impacts of nanopolystyrene on zebrafish oocyte with insight into the mechanism of action: An expression-based analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154796. [PMID: 35341844 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the negative impacts of microplastics on teleost fishes with very little or no evidence of their mechanism of action. This scenario entreats us to investigate the toxicities of nanopolystyrene in zebrafish oocyte with emphasis on the mechanism of action. In the present study, the cellular levels of mRNA transcripts of different genetic markers (such as: sod, gpx, nrf2, inos, ucp2, and atp6 (redox-sensitive markers); nfkβ, tnfα, il-10, ikβ, gdf9, and bmp15 (immune markers); gadd45, rad51, p53 and bcl2 (DNA damage and apoptotic)) have been quantified by real-time PCR after 6 h of incubation of isolated oocyte with different doses of nanopolystyrene viz. P0 (control i.e. no polystyrene in culture medium), P1 (100 ng/ml), and P2 (400 ng/ml). Results showed that both the treatment concentrations of nanopolystyrene induce oxidative stress with % DPPH = 30.75, 31.61, and 32.43% for P0, P1, and P2, respectively. Increase in oxidative stress in oocytes with increasing doses of nanopolystyrene was also observed in TBARS assay with MDA content 0.12 and 0.21 μM for P1 and P2, respectively as compaired to the control 0.08 μM. This increased oxidative stress can regulate the expression pattern (upregulation/downregulation) of selected genes leading to different toxic effects like - oxidative stress, immunotoxicity, and apoptosis in oocytes, which suggests the impairment of reproductive functions by nanopolystyrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Chatterjee
- Integrative Biology Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, West Bengal, India
| | - Sukhendu Maity
- Integrative Biology Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, West Bengal, India
| | - Sambuddha Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, Visva Bharati University, Bolpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Shibsankar Dutta
- Department of Physics, Presidency University, West Bengal, India
| | - Madhuchhanda Adhikari
- Integrative Biology Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajkumar Guchhait
- Integrative Biology Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, West Bengal, India; P.G. Department of Zoology, Mahishadal Raj College, Garkamalpur, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India
| | - Chayan Biswas
- Integrative Biology Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, West Bengal, India
| | - Sukanta De
- Department of Physics, Presidency University, West Bengal, India
| | - Kousik Pramanick
- Integrative Biology Research Unit, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, West Bengal, India.
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Abstract
Obesity and associated complications are becoming a pandemic. Inhibiting adipogenesis is an important intervention for the treatment of obesity. Despite intensive investigations, numerous mechanistic aspects of adipogenesis remain unclear, and many potential therapeutic targets have yet to be discovered. Transcriptomics and lipidomics approaches were used to explore the functional genes regulating adipogenic differentiation and the potential mechanism in OP9 cells and adipose-derived stem cells. In this study, we found that NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A6 (Ndufa6) participates in the regulation of adipogenic differentiation. Furthermore, we show that the effect of Ndufa6 is mediated through stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1) and demonstrate the inhibitory effect of a SCD1 inhibitor on adipogenesis. Our study broadens the understanding of adipogenic differentiation and offers NDUFA6-SCD1 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of metabolism, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of metabolism, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Urology, the Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shenglong Zhu
- Department of metabolism, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine ResearchCenter and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- Department of metabolism, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine ResearchCenter and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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13
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Galvan DL, Mise K, Danesh FR. Mitochondrial Regulation of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:745279. [PMID: 34646847 PMCID: PMC8502854 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.745279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role and nature of mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has been extensively studied. Yet, the molecular drivers of mitochondrial remodeling in DKD are poorly understood. Diabetic kidney cells exhibit a cascade of mitochondrial dysfunction ranging from changes in mitochondrial morphology to significant alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis, biosynthetic, bioenergetics and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). How these changes individually or in aggregate contribute to progression of DKD remain to be fully elucidated. Nevertheless, because of the remarkable progress in our basic understanding of the role of mitochondrial biology and its dysfunction in DKD, there is great excitement on future targeted therapies based on improving mitochondrial function in DKD. This review will highlight the latest advances in understanding the nature of mitochondria dysfunction and its role in progression of DKD, and the development of mitochondrial targets that could be potentially used to prevent its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Galvan
- Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Koki Mise
- Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Farhad R Danesh
- Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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14
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Yao X, Qiao Z, Zhang F, Liu X, Du Q, Zhang J, Li X, Jiang X. Effects of a novel fungicide benzovindiflupyr in Eisenia fetida: Evaluation through different levels of biological organization. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 271:116336. [PMID: 33370611 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although benzovindiflupyr (BZF), which is a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, has considerable application potential worldwide, its extensive use is toxic to non-targeted soil organisms. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicity of BZF to earthworms (Eisenia fetida). The acute toxicity of BZF to adult and larval earthworms was measured, as indicated by the following LC50 values obtained after 14 days of exposure: 416 mg/kg for adult earthworms and 341 mg/kg for juveniles. Subchronic toxicity tests were conducted using only adult earthworms. The earthworms' weight gain was slower on days 14 and 28 after commencing the BZF T100 treatment (50 mg/kg of soil). Following 14 days of BZF exposure, enzymes and gene expressions associated with the mitochondrial respiratory chain and energy metabolism were activated to some extent, and the reactive oxygen species level and malondialdehyde content also increased. Antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes and metallothionein gene, Heat shock protein 70 gene associated with resistance to oxidative damage were also activated to varying degrees. Increased BZF concentrations corresponded to increased genotoxicity. Integrated biological response (IBR) values were calculated at the biochemical and molecular levels to show increased toxicity with increased BZF concentration. Although a series of biomarkers changes occurred after initiating BZF treatment, these changes were all likely to have been resisted by the earthworms' own antioxidant defense system and only showed phenotypic (weight-related) changes with treatments of 50 mg/kg. In conclusion, reasonable levels of BZF application may have little impact on earthworms. Our findings provide insights on the toxic effects of BZF on earthworms and may prove useful for risk assessments relating to BZF's impacts on soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Yao
- College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Zhihua Qiao
- College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Fengwen Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Qingdao, 266101, PR China
| | - Xiang Liu
- College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Qingzhi Du
- College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Xingyin Jiang
- College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology & Application Technique, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China.
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15
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Flampouri E. Agrochemicals inhibiting mitochondrial respiration: Their effects on oxidative stress. Toxicology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819092-0.00001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Differential Effects of Yeast NADH Dehydrogenase (Ndi1) Expression on Mitochondrial Function and Inclusion Formation in a Cell Culture Model of Sporadic Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9040119. [PMID: 30934776 PMCID: PMC6523508 DOI: 10.3390/biom9040119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that exhibits aberrant protein aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Ndi1, the yeast mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase (complex I) enzyme, is a single subunit, internal matrix-facing protein. Previous studies have shown that Ndi1 expression leads to improved mitochondrial function in models of complex I-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. The trans-mitochondrial cybrid cell model of PD was created by fusing mitochondrial DNA-depleted SH-SY5Y cells with platelets from a sporadic PD patient. PD cybrid cells reproduce the mitochondrial dysfunction observed in a patient's brain and periphery and form intracellular, cybrid Lewy bodies comparable to Lewy bodies in PD brain. To improve mitochondrial function and alter the formation of protein aggregates, Ndi1 was expressed in PD cybrid cells and parent SH-SY5Y cells. We observed a dramatic increase in mitochondrial respiration, increased mitochondrial gene expression, and increased PGC-1α gene expression in PD cybrid cells expressing Ndi1. Total cellular aggregated protein content was decreased but Ndi1 expression was insufficient to prevent cybrid Lewy body formation. Ndi1 expression leads to improved mitochondrial function and biogenesis signaling, both processes that could improve neuron survival during disease. However, other aspects of PD pathology such as cybrid Lewy body formation were not reduced. Consequently, resolution of mitochondrial dysfunction alone may not be sufficient to overcome other aspects of PD-related cellular pathology.
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17
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Alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenase and alternative oxidase: Proposed physiological roles in animals. Mitochondrion 2019; 45:7-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Rashid CS, Bansal A, Simmons RA. Oxidative Stress, Intrauterine Growth Restriction, and Developmental Programming of Type 2 Diabetes. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 33:348-359. [PMID: 30109821 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00023.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) leads to reduced birth weight and the development of metabolic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative stress are commonly found in key tissues (pancreatic islets, liver, and skeletal muscle) of IUGR individuals. In this review, we explore the role of oxidative stress in IUGR-associated diabetes etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cetewayo S Rashid
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amita Bansal
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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19
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Tan ALM, Langley SR, Tan CF, Chai JF, Khoo CM, Leow MKS, Khoo EYH, Moreno-Moral A, Pravenec M, Rotival M, Sadananthan SA, Velan SS, Venkataraman K, Chong YS, Lee YS, Sim X, Stunkel W, Liu MH, Tai ES, Petretto E. Ethnicity-Specific Skeletal Muscle Transcriptional Signatures and Their Relevance to Insulin Resistance in Singapore. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:465-486. [PMID: 30137523 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insulin resistance (IR) and obesity differ among ethnic groups in Singapore, with the Malays more obese yet less IR than Asian-Indians. However, the molecular basis underlying these differences is not clear. OBJECTIVE As the skeletal muscle (SM) is metabolically relevant to IR, we investigated molecular pathways in SM that are associated with ethnic differences in IR, obesity, and related traits. DESIGN, SETTING, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We integrated transcriptomic, genomic, and phenotypic analyses in 156 healthy subjects representing three major ethnicities in the Singapore Adult Metabolism Study. PATIENTS This study contains Chinese (n = 63), Malay (n = 51), and Asian-Indian (n = 42) men, aged 21 to 40 years, without systemic diseases. RESULTS We found remarkable diversity in the SM transcriptome among the three ethnicities, with >8000 differentially expressed genes (40% of all genes expressed in SM). Comparison with blood transcriptome from a separate Singaporean cohort showed that >95% of SM expression differences among ethnicities were unique to SM. We identified a network of 46 genes that were specifically downregulated in Malays, suggesting dysregulation of components of cellular respiration in SM of Malay individuals. We also report 28 differentially expressed gene clusters, four of which were also enriched for genes that were found in genome-wide association studies of metabolic traits and disease and correlated with variation in IR, obesity, and related traits. CONCLUSION We identified extensive gene-expression changes in SM among the three Singaporean ethnicities and report specific genes and molecular pathways that might underpin and explain the differences in IR among these ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Li Min Tan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Sarah R Langley
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Fan Tan
- Nanyang Institute of Technology in Health and Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jin Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Eric Yin Hao Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | | | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute Of Physiology, Czech Academy Of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maxime Rotival
- Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Kavita Venkataraman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Paediatrics Endocrinology, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Walter Stunkel
- Experimental Biotherapeutics Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Mei Hui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Food Science & Technology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
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20
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Alternative respiratory chain enzymes: Therapeutic potential and possible pitfalls. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:854-866. [PMID: 30342157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The alternative respiratory chain (aRC), comprising the alternative NADH dehydrogenases (NDX) and quinone oxidases (AOX), is found in microbes, fungi and plants, where it buffers stresses arising from restrictions on electron flow in the oxidative phosphorylation system. The aRC enzymes are also found in species belonging to most metazoan phyla, including some chordates and arthropods species, although not in vertebrates or in Drosophila. We postulated that the aRC enzymes might be deployed to alleviate pathological stresses arising from mitochondrial dysfunction in a wide variety of disease states. However, before such therapies can be contemplated, it is essential to understand the effects of aRC enzymes on cell metabolism and organismal physiology. Here we report and discuss new findings that shed light on the functions of the aRC enzymes in animals, and the unexpected benefits and detriments that they confer on model organisms. In Ciona intestinalis, the aRC is induced by hypoxia and by sulfide, but is unresponsive to other environmental stressors. When expressed in Drosophila, AOX results in impaired survival under restricted nutrition, in addition to the previously reported male reproductive anomalies. In contrast, it confers cold resistance to developing and adult flies, and counteracts cell signaling defects that underlie developmental dysmorphologies. The aRC enzymes may also influence lifespan and stress resistance more generally, by eliciting or interfering with hormetic mechanisms. In sum, their judicious use may lead to major benefits in medicine, but this will require a thorough characterization of their properties and physiological effects.
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21
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Matuz-Mares D, Matus-Ortega G, Cárdenas-Monroy C, Romero-Aguilar L, Villalobos-Rocha JC, Vázquez-Meza H, Guerra-Sánchez G, Peña-Díaz A, Pardo JP. Expression of alternative NADH dehydrogenases (NDH-2) in the phytopathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:1267-1279. [PMID: 30221129 PMCID: PMC6134880 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 alternative NADH dehydrogenases (NDH‐2) participate indirectly in the generation of the electrochemical proton gradient by transferring electrons from NADH and NADPH into the ubiquinone pool. Due to their structural simplicity, alternative NADH dehydrogenases have been proposed as useful tools for gene therapy of cells with defects in the respiratory complex I. In this work, we report the presence of three open reading frames, which correspond to NDH‐2 genes in the genome of Ustilago maydis. These three genes were constitutively transcribed in cells cultured in YPD and minimal medium with glucose, ethanol, or lactate as carbon sources. Proteomic analysis showed that only two of the three NDH‐2 were associated with isolated mitochondria in all culture media. Oxygen consumption by permeabilized cells using NADH or NADPH was different for each condition, opening the possibility of posttranslational regulation. We confirmed the presence of both external and internal NADH dehydrogenases, as well as an external NADPH dehydrogenase insensitive to calcium. Higher oxygen consumption rates were observed during the exponential growth phase, suggesting that the activity of NADH and NADPH dehydrogenases is coupled to the dynamics of cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyamira Matuz-Mares
- Departamento de Bioquímica Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
| | - Genaro Matus-Ortega
- Departamento de Genética Molecular Instituto de Fisiología Celular Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
| | - Christian Cárdenas-Monroy
- Departamento de Bioquímica Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
| | - Lucero Romero-Aguilar
- Bioquímica de hongos Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional Ciudad de México México
| | | | - Héctor Vázquez-Meza
- Departamento de Bioquímica Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
| | - Guadalupe Guerra-Sánchez
- Bioquímica de hongos Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional Ciudad de México México
| | - Antonio Peña-Díaz
- Departamento de Genética Molecular Instituto de Fisiología Celular Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
| | - Juan Pablo Pardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México
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22
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Chen X, Wong YK, Lim TK, Lim WH, Lin Q, Wang J, Hua Z. Artesunate Activates the Intrinsic Apoptosis of HCT116 Cells through the Suppression of Fatty Acid Synthesis and the NF-κB Pathway. Molecules 2017; 22:E1272. [PMID: 28786914 PMCID: PMC6152404 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The artemisinin compounds, which are well-known for their potent therapeutic antimalarial activity, possess in vivo and in vitro antitumor effects. Although the anticancer effect of artemisinin compounds has been extensively reported, the precise mechanisms underlying its cytotoxicity remain under intensive study. In the present study, a high-throughput quantitative proteomics approach was applied to identify differentially expressed proteins of HCT116 colorectal cancer cell line with artesunate (ART) treatment. Through Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, we discovered that the top-ranked ART-regulated biological pathways are abrogation of fatty acid biosynthetic pathway and mitochondrial dysfunction. Subsequent assays showed that ART inhibits HCT116 cell proliferation through suppressing the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway and activating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. In addition, ART also regulates several proteins that are involved in NF-κB pathway, and our subsequent assays showed that ART suppresses the NF-κB pathway. These proteomic findings will contribute to improving our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of ART for its therapeutic cytotoxic effect towards cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yin Kwan Wong
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Teck Kwang Lim
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Wei Hou Lim
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
- Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute and Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Zichun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Institute of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute and Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou 213164, China.
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23
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The mechanism of catalysis by type-II NADH:quinone oxidoreductases. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40165. [PMID: 28067272 PMCID: PMC5220320 DOI: 10.1038/srep40165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (NDH-2) is central to the respiratory chains of many organisms. It is not present in mammals so may be exploited as an antimicrobial drug target or used as a substitute for dysfunctional respiratory complex I in neuromuscular disorders. NDH-2 is a single-subunit monotopic membrane protein with just a flavin cofactor, yet no consensus exists on its mechanism. Here, we use steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetics combined with mutagenesis and structural studies to determine the mechanism of NDH-2 from Caldalkalibacillus thermarum. We show that the two substrate reactions occur independently, at different sites, and regardless of the occupancy of the partner site. We conclude that the reaction pathway is determined stochastically, by the substrate/product concentrations and dissociation constants, and can follow either a ping-pong or ternary mechanism. This mechanistic versatility provides a unified explanation for all extant data and a new foundation for the development of therapeutic strategies.
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24
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Hämäläinen RH. Mitochondria and mtDNA integrity in stem cell function and differentiation. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 38:83-89. [PMID: 27219871 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells require tight control of energy metabolism to maintain homeostasis. They possess few immature mitochondria, repress mitochondrial respiration and instead use glycolysis to produce energy, yet mitochondrial defects can lead to severe stem cell dysfunction. Recent studies have shown that mitochondrial mass, function and integrity are tightly controlled in stem cells and the integrity of the mitochondrial genome is equally important to nuclear genome integrity for proper stem cell homeostasis. Mitochondria are now considered central in regulating stem cell function and governing cellular fate choices. This review will summarize recent advances highlighting the importance of mitochondrial integrity in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka H Hämäläinen
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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25
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Gray JP, Burgos DZ, Yuan T, Seeram N, Rebar R, Follmer R, Heart EA. Thymoquinone, a bioactive component of Nigella sativa, normalizes insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells under glucose overload via regulation of malonyl-CoA. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E394-404. [PMID: 26786775 PMCID: PMC4796268 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00250.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (2-isopropyl-5-methylbenzo-1,4-quinone) is a major bioactive component of Nigella sativa, a plant used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of symptoms, including elevated blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic patients. Normalization of elevated blood glucose depends on both glucose disposal by peripheral tissues and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from pancreatic β-cells. We employed clonal β-cells and rodent islets to investigate the effects of thymoquinone (TQ) and Nigella sativa extracts (NSEs) on GSIS and cataplerotic metabolic pathways implicated in the regulation of GSIS. TQ and NSE regulated NAD(P)H/NAD(P)(+) ratios via a quinone-dependent redox cycling mechanism. TQ content was positively correlated with the degree of redox cycling activity of NSE extracts, suggesting that TQ is a major component engaged in mediating NSE-dependent redox cycling. Both acute and chronic exposure to TQ and NSE enhanced GSIS and were associated with the ability of TQ and NSE to increase the ATP/ADP ratio. Furthermore, TQ ameliorated the impairment of GSIS following chronic exposure of β-cells to glucose overload. This protective action was associated with the TQ-dependent normalization of chronic accumulation of malonyl-CoA, elevation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase, and fatty acid-binding proteins following chronic glucose overload. Together, these data suggest that TQ modulates the β-cell redox circuitry and enhances the sensitivity of β-cell metabolic pathways to glucose and GSIS under normal conditions as well as under hyperglycemia. This action is associated with the ability of TQ to regulate carbohydrate-to-lipid flux via downregulation of ACC and malonyl-CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Gray
- Department of Science, United States Coast Guard Academy, New London, Connecticut
| | | | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Navindra Seeram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Rebecca Rebar
- Department of Science, United States Coast Guard Academy, New London, Connecticut
| | - Rebecca Follmer
- Department of Science, United States Coast Guard Academy, New London, Connecticut
| | - Emma A Heart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; and Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
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Involvement of mitochondrial proteins in calcium signaling and cell death induced by staurosporine in Neurospora crassa. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:1064-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Matus-Ortega MG, Cárdenas-Monroy CA, Flores-Herrera O, Mendoza-Hernández G, Miranda M, González-Pedrajo B, Vázquez-Meza H, Pardo JP. New complexes containing the internal alternative NADH dehydrogenase (Ndi1) in mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 2015; 32:629-41. [PMID: 26173916 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lack the respiratory complex I, but contain three rotenone-insensitive NADH dehydrogenases distributed on both the external (Nde1 and Nde2) and internal (Ndi1) surfaces of the inner mitochondrial membrane. These enzymes catalyse the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone without the translocation of protons across the membrane. Due to the high resolution of the Blue Native PAGE (BN-PAGE) technique combined with digitonin solubilization, several bands with NADH dehydrogenase activity were observed on the gel. The use of specific S. cerevisiae single and double mutants of the external alternative elements (ΔNDE1, ΔNDE2, ΔNDE1/ΔNDE2) showed that the high and low molecular weight complexes contained the Ndi1. Some of the Ndi1 associations took place with complexes III and IV, suggesting the formation of respirasome-like structures. Complex II interacted with other proteins to form a high molecular weight supercomplex with a molecular mass around 600 kDa. We also found that the majority of the Ndi1 was in a dimeric form, which is in agreement with the recently reported three-dimensional structure of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Matus-Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, México, D. F., México
| | - C A Cárdenas-Monroy
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, México, D. F., México
| | - O Flores-Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, México, D. F., México
| | - G Mendoza-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, México, D. F., México
| | - M Miranda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - B González-Pedrajo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, México, D. F., México
| | - H Vázquez-Meza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, México, D. F., México
| | - J P Pardo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, México, D. F., México
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Gonçalves AP, Videira A. Mitochondrial type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases in fungal cell death. MICROBIAL CELL 2015; 2:68-73. [PMID: 28357279 PMCID: PMC5349180 DOI: 10.15698/mic2015.03.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
During aerobic respiration, cells produce energy through oxidative phosphorylation, which includes a specialized group of multi-subunit complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane known as the electron transport chain. However, this canonical pathway is branched into single polypeptide alternative routes in some fungi, plants, protists and bacteria. They confer metabolic plasticity, allowing cells to adapt to different environmental conditions and stresses. Type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases (also called alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases) are non-proton pumping enzymes that bypass complex I. Recent evidence points to the involvement of fungal alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases in the process of programmed cell death, in addition to their action as overflow systems upon oxidative stress. Consistent with this, alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases are phylogenetically related to cell death - promoting proteins of the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)-family.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pedro Gonçalves
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. ; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal. ; Current address: Plant and Microbial Biology Department, The University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Arnaldo Videira
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. ; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular - Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal. ; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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Sanders LH, Howlett EH, McCoy J, Greenamyre JT. Mitochondrial DNA damage as a peripheral biomarker for mitochondrial toxin exposure in rats. Toxicol Sci 2014; 142:395-402. [PMID: 25237061 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Demonstrating or verifying a current or past exposure to an environmental mitochondrial toxin or toxicant is extraordinarily difficult. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop a biomarker for exposure to environmental mitochondrial inhibitors. Rotenone, an environmental toxicant, is a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain. Rotenone specifically inhibits complex I throughout the body and brain, thereby producing systemic mitochondrial impairment. As such, rotenone is a prototypical clinically relevant, environmental mitochondrial toxicant that may be used as an ideal initial platform to develop accessible biomarkers of exposure. The over-arching goal of this work is to explore and validate peripheral (blood and skeletal muscle) DNA damage as a biomarker of mitochondrial toxicant exposure using the rat rotenone model. In this effort, we utilized an extremely sensitive quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR)-based assay that simultaneously allows the assessment of multiple forms of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) damage. We found mtDNA damage in blood is detected after subclinical rotenone exposure and the damage persists even after complex I activity has returned to normal. With a more sustained rotenone exposure, mtDNA damage is also detected in skeletal muscle, suggesting that mtDNA damage in this tissue simply lags behind blood. Using the QPCR-based assay, we have no evidence for nDNA damage in peripheral tissues after rotenone exposure either acutely or chronically. Overall, these data support the idea that mtDNA damage in peripheral tissues in the rotenone model may provide a biomarker of past or ongoing mitochondrial toxin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie H Sanders
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Evan H Howlett
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Jennifer McCoy
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - J Timothy Greenamyre
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
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Villela-Dias C, Camillo LR, de Oliveira GAP, Sena JAL, Santiago AS, de Sousa STP, Mendes JS, Pirovani CP, Alvim FC, Costa MGC. Nep1-like protein from Moniliophthora perniciosa induces a rapid proteome and metabolome reprogramming in cells of Nicotiana benthamiana. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 150:1-17. [PMID: 23586401 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
NEP1 (necrosis- and ethylene-inducing peptide 1)-like proteins (NLPs) have been identified in a variety of taxonomically unrelated plant pathogens and share a common characteristic of inducing responses of plant defense and cell death in dicotyledonous plants. Even though some aspects of NLP action have been well characterized, nothing is known about the global range of modifications in proteome and metabolome of NLP-treated plant cells. Here, using both proteomic and metabolomic approaches we were able to identify the global molecular and biochemical changes in cells of Nicotiana benthamiana elicited by short-term treatment with MpNEP2, a NLP of Moniliophthora perniciosa, the basidiomycete responsible for the witches' broom disease on cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). Approximately 100 protein spots were collected from 2-DE gels in each proteome, with one-third showing more than twofold differences in the expression values. Fifty-three such proteins were identified by mass spectrometry (MS)/MS and mapped into specific metabolic pathways and cellular processes. Most MpNEP2 upregulated proteins are involved in nucleotide-binding function and oxidoreductase activity, whereas the downregulated proteins are mostly involved in glycolysis, response to stress and protein folding. Thirty metabolites were detected by gas spectrometry (GC)/MS and semi-quantified, of which eleven showed significant differences between the treatments, including proline, alanine, myo-inositol, ethylene, threonine and hydroxylamine. The global changes described affect the reduction-oxidation reactions, ATP biosynthesis and key signaling molecules as calcium and hydrogen peroxide. These findings will help creating a broader understanding of NLP-mediated cell death signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Villela-Dias
- Laboratório de Proteômica, Centro de Biotecnologia e Genética, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil; Mars Center for Cocoa Science, CP 55, Itajuipe, Bahia, Brazil
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Mentzer RM, Wider J, Perry CN, Gottlieb RA. Reduction of infarct size by the therapeutic protein TAT-Ndi1 in vivo. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2013; 19:315-20. [PMID: 24367006 DOI: 10.1177/1074248413515750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lethal myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury has been attributed in part to mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction (including damage to complex I) and the resultant excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Recent evidence has shown that reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-quinone internal oxidoreductase (Ndi1; the single-subunit protein that in yeast serves the analogous function as complex I), transduced by addition of the TAT-conjugated protein to culture media and perfusion buffer, can preserve mitochondrial function and attenuate I/R injury in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and Langendorff-perfused rat hearts. However, this novel metabolic strategy to salvage ischemic-reperfused myocardium has not been tested in vivo. In this study, TAT-conjugated Ndi1 and placebo-control protein were synthesized using a cell-free system. Mitochondrial uptake and functionality of TAT-Ndi1 were demonstrated in mitochondrial preparations from rat hearts after intraperitoneal administration of the protein. Rats were randomized to receive either TAT-Ndi1 or placebo protein, and 2 hours later all animals underwent 45-minute coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Infarct size was delineated by tetrazolium staining and normalized to the volume of at-risk myocardium, with all analysis conducted in a blinded manner. Risk region was comparable in the 2 cohorts. Preischemic administration of TAT-Ndi1 was profoundly cardioprotective. These results demonstrate that it is possible to target therapeutic proteins to the mitochondrial matrix and that yeast Ndi1 can substitute for complex I to ameliorate I/R injury in the heart. Moreover, these data suggest that cell-permeable delivery of mitochondrial proteins may provide a novel molecular strategy to treat mitochondrial dysfunction in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Mentzer
- 1Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Bourens M, Fontanesi F, Soto IC, Liu J, Barrientos A. Redox and reactive oxygen species regulation of mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase biogenesis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1940-52. [PMID: 22937827 PMCID: PMC3852343 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the last enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, is the major oxygen consumer enzyme in the cell. COX biogenesis involves several redox-regulated steps. The process is highly regulated to prevent the formation of pro-oxidant intermediates. RECENT ADVANCES Regulation of COX assembly involves several reactive oxygen species and redox-regulated steps. These include: (i) Intricate redox-controlled machineries coordinate the expression of COX isoenzymes depending on the environmental oxygen concentration. (ii) COX is a heme A-copper metalloenzyme. COX copper metallation involves the copper chaperone Cox17 and several other recently described cysteine-rich proteins, which are oxidatively folded in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Copper transfer to COX subunits 1 and 2 requires concomitant transfer of redox power. (iii) To avoid the accumulation of reactive assembly intermediates, COX is regulated at the translational level to minimize synthesis of the heme A-containing Cox1 subunit when assembly is impaired. CRITICAL ISSUES An increasing number of regulatory pathways converge to facilitate efficient COX assembly, thus preventing oxidative stress. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Here we will review on the redox-regulated COX biogenesis steps and will discuss their physiological relevance. Forthcoming insights into the precise regulation of mitochondrial COX biogenesis in normal and stress conditions will likely open future perspectives for understanding mitochondrial redox regulation and prevention of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Bourens
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, Florida
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Marella M, Patki G, Matsuno-Yagi A, Yagi T. Complex I inhibition in the visual pathway induces disorganization of the node of Ranvier. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 58:281-8. [PMID: 23816754 PMCID: PMC3767286 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial defects can have significant consequences on many aspects of neuronal physiology. In particular, deficiencies in the first enzyme complex of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (complex I) are considered to be involved in a number of human neurodegenerative diseases. The current work highlights a tight correlation between the inhibition of complex I and the state of axonal myelination of the optic nerve. Exposing the visual pathway of rats to rotenone, a complex I inhibitor, resulted in disorganization of the node of Ranvier. The structure and function of the node depend on specific cell adhesion molecules, among others, CASPR (contactin associated protein) and contactin. CASPR and contactin are both on the axonal surfaces and need to be associated to be able to anchor their myelin counterpart. Here we show that inhibition of mitochondrial complex I by rotenone in rats induces reactive oxygen species, disrupts the interaction of CASPR and contactin couple, and thus damages the organization and function of the node of Ranvier. Demyelination of the optic nerve occurs as a consequence which is accompanied by a loss of vision. The physiological impairment could be reversed by introducing an alternative NADH dehydrogenase to the mitochondria of the visual system. The restoration of the nodal structure was specifically correlated with visual recovery in the treated animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Marella
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Sanders LH, Timothy Greenamyre J. Oxidative damage to macromolecules in human Parkinson disease and the rotenone model. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 62:111-120. [PMID: 23328732 PMCID: PMC3677955 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD), the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, is associated with selective degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons. Although the underlying mechanisms contributing to neurodegeneration in PD seem to be multifactorial, mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress are widely considered to be central to many forms of the disease. Whether oxidative stress is a cause or a consequence of dopaminergic death, there is substantial evidence for oxidative stress both in human PD patients and in animal models of PD, especially using rotenone, a complex I inhibitor. There are many indices of oxidative stress, but this review covers the recent evidence for oxidative damage to nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins in both the brain and the peripheral tissues in human PD and in the rotenone model. Limitations of the existing literature and future perspectives are discussed. Understanding how each particular macromolecule is damaged by oxidative stress and the interplay of secondary damage to other biomolecules may help us design better targets for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie H Sanders
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - J Timothy Greenamyre
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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Ellinghaus P, Heisler I, Unterschemmann K, Haerter M, Beck H, Greschat S, Ehrmann A, Summer H, Flamme I, Oehme F, Thierauch K, Michels M, Hess-Stumpp H, Ziegelbauer K. BAY 87-2243, a highly potent and selective inhibitor of hypoxia-induced gene activation has antitumor activities by inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. Cancer Med 2013; 2:611-24. [PMID: 24403227 PMCID: PMC3892793 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) plays an essential role in tumor development, tumor progression, and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. In order to identify compounds targeting the HIF pathway, a small molecule library was screened using a luciferase-driven HIF-1 reporter cell line under hypoxia. The high-throughput screening led to the identification of a class of aminoalkyl-substituted compounds that inhibited hypoxia-induced HIF-1 target gene expression in human lung cancer cell lines at low nanomolar concentrations. Lead structure BAY 87-2243 was found to inhibit HIF-1α and HIF-2α protein accumulation under hypoxic conditions in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line H460 but had no effect on HIF-1α protein levels induced by the hypoxia mimetics desferrioxamine or cobalt chloride. BAY 87-2243 had no effect on HIF target gene expression levels in RCC4 cells lacking Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) activity nor did the compound affect the activity of HIF prolyl hydroxylase-2. Antitumor activity of BAY 87-2243, suppression of HIF-1α protein levels, and reduction of HIF-1 target gene expression in vivo were demonstrated in a H460 xenograft model. BAY 87-2243 did not inhibit cell proliferation under standard conditions. However under glucose depletion, a condition favoring mitochondrial ATP generation as energy source, BAY 87-2243 inhibited cell proliferation in the nanomolar range. Further experiments revealed that BAY 87-2243 inhibits mitochondrial complex I activity but has no effect on complex III activity. Interference with mitochondrial function to reduce hypoxia-induced HIF-1 activity in tumors might be an interesting therapeutic approach to overcome chemo- and radiotherapy-resistance of hypoxic tumors.
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Nagasaki H, Nakashima A, Kaneko YS, Kodani Y, Takayanagi T, Itoh M, Kondo K, Nagatsu T, Hamada Y, Ota M, Ota A. Aripiprazole increases NADPH level in PC12 cells: the role of NADPH oxidase. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013; 121:91-103. [PMID: 23934573 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-1075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In aripiprazole-treated PC12 cells, we previously showed that the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) was rather increased in spite of lowered cytochrome c oxidase activity. To address these inconsistent results, we focused the NADPH generation by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), to titrate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that results in the Δψm maintenance. G6PD may be also involved in another inconsistent result of lowered intracellular lactate level in aripiprazole-treated PC12 cells, because PPP competes glucose-6-phosphate with the glycolytic pathway, resulting in the downregulation of glycolysis. Therefore, we assayed intracellular amounts of NADPH, ROS, and the activities of the enzymes generating or consuming NADPH (G6PD, NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, NADP(+)-dependent malic enzyme, glutathione reductase, and NADPH oxidase [NOX]) and estimated glycolysis in 50 μM aripiprazole-, clozapine-, and haloperidol-treated PC12 cells. NADPH levels were enhanced only in aripiprazole-treated ones. Only haloperidol increased ROS. However, the enzyme activities did not show significant changes toward enhancing NADPH level except for the aripiprazole-induced decrease in NOX activity. Thus, the lowered NOX activity could have contributed to the aripiprazole-induced increase in the NADPH level by lowering ROS generation, resulting in maintained Δψm. Although the aforementioned assumption was invalid, the ratio of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate was decreased by all antipsychotics examined. Pyruvate kinase activity was enhanced only by aripiprazole. In summary, these observations indicate that aripiprazole possibly possesses the pharmacological superiority to clozapine and haloperidol in the ROS generation and the adjustment of glycolytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nagasaki
- Department of Physiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
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Tyurina YY, Winnica DE, Kapralova VI, Kapralov AA, Tyurin VA, Kagan VE. LC/MS characterization of rotenone induced cardiolipin oxidation in human lymphocytes: implications for mitochondrial dysfunction associated with Parkinson's disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1410-22. [PMID: 23650208 PMCID: PMC3810210 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Rotenone is a toxicant believed to contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Using human peripheral blood lymphocytes we demonstrated that exposure to rotenone resulted in disruption of electron transport accompanied by the production of reactive oxygen species, development of apoptosis and elevation of peroxidase activity of mitochondria. Employing LC/MS-based lipidomics/oxidative lipidomics we characterized molecular species of cardiolipin (CL) and its oxidation/hydrolysis products formed early in apoptosis and associated with the rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSION The major oxidized CL species - tetra-linoleoyl-CL - underwent oxidation to yield epoxy-C18:2 and dihydroxy-C18:2 derivatives predominantly localized in sn-1 and sn-2 positions, respectively. In addition, accumulation of mono-lyso-CL species and oxygenated free C18:2 were detected in rotenone-treated lymphocytes. These oxidation/hydrolysis products may be useful for the development of new biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Y. Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Daniel E. Winnica
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Valentina I. Kapralova
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Alexandr A. Kapralov
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Vladimir A. Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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NADH-dehydrogenase type-2 suppresses irreversible visual loss and neurodegeneration in the EAE animal model of MS. Mol Ther 2013; 21:1876-88. [PMID: 23752309 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To address mitochondrial dysfunction that mediates irreversible visual loss and neurodegeneration of the optic nerve in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), mice sensitized for EAE were vitreally injected with self-complementary adenoassociated virus (scAAV) containing the NADH-dehydrogenase type-2 (NDI1) complex I gene that quickly expressed in mitochondria of almost all retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Visual function assessed by pattern electroretinograms (PERGs) reduced by half in EAE showed no significant reductions with NDI1. Serial optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed significant inner retinal thinning with EAE that was suppressed by NDI1. Although complex I activity reduced 80% in EAE was not improved by NDI1, in vivo fluorescent probes indicated mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis of the EAE retina were reduced by NDI1. Finally, the 42% loss of axons in the EAE optic nerve was ameliorated by NDI1. Targeting the dysfunctional complex I of EAE responsible for loss of respiration, mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis may be a novel approach to address neuronal and axonal loss responsible for permanent disability that is unaltered by current disease modifying drugs for MS that target inflammation.
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Polster BM. AIF, reactive oxygen species, and neurodegeneration: a "complex" problem. Neurochem Int 2012; 62:695-702. [PMID: 23246553 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a flavin-binding mitochondrial intermembrane space protein that is implicated in diverse but intertwined processes that include maintenance of electron transport chain function, reactive oxygen species regulation, cell death, and neurodegeneration. In acute brain injury, AIF acquires a pro-death role upon translocation from the mitochondria to the nucleus, where it initiates chromatin condensation and large-scale DNA fragmentation. Although harlequin mice exhibiting an 80-90% global reduction in AIF protein are resistant to numerous forms of acute brain injury, they paradoxically undergo slow, progressive neurodegeneration beginning at three months of age. Brain deterioration, accompanied by markers of oxidative stress, is most pronounced in the cerebellum and retina, although it also occurs in the cortex, striatum, and thalamus. Loss of an AIF pro-survival function linked to assembly or stabilization of electron transport chain complex I underlies chronic neurodegeneration. To date, most studies of neurodegeneration have failed to adequately separate the relative importance of the mitochondrial and nuclear functions of AIF in determining the extent of injury, or whether oxidative stress plays a causative role. This review explores the complicated relationship among AIF, complex I, and the regulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels. It also discusses the controversial role of complex I deficiency in Parkinson's disease, and what can be learned from the AIF- and complex I-depleted harlequin mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore St., MSTF 5-34, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Rachfall N, Schmitt K, Bandau S, Smolinski N, Ehrenreich A, Valerius O, Braus GH. RACK1/Asc1p, a ribosomal node in cellular signaling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 12:87-105. [PMID: 23071099 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.017277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
RACK1/Asc1p and its essential orthologues in higher eukaryotes, such as RACK1 in metazoa, are involved in several distinct cellular signaling processes. The implications of a total deletion have never been assessed in a comprehensive manner. This study reveals the major cellular processes affected in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Δasc1 deletion background via de novo proteome and transcriptome analysis, as well as subsequent phenotypical characterizations. The deletion of ASC1 reduces iron uptake and causes nitrosative stress, both known indicators for hypoxia, which manifests in a shift of energy metabolism from respiration to fermentation in the Δasc1 strain. Asc1p further impacts cellular metabolism through its regulative role in the MAP kinase signal transduction pathways of invasive/filamentous growth and cell wall integrity. In the Δasc1 mutant strain, aberrations from the expected cellular response, mediated by these pathways, can be observed and are linked to changes in protein abundances of pathway-targeted transcription factors. Evidence of the translational regulation of such transcription factors suggests that ribosomal Asc1p is involved in signal transduction pathways and controls the biosynthesis of the respective final transcriptional regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Rachfall
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August Universität, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Lockman KA, Baren JP, Pemberton CJ, Baghdadi H, Burgess KE, Plevris-Papaioannou N, Lee P, Howie F, Beckett G, Pryde A, Jaap AJ, Hayes PC, Filippi C, Plevris JN. Oxidative stress rather than triglyceride accumulation is a determinant of mitochondrial dysfunction in in vitro models of hepatic cellular steatosis. Liver Int 2012; 32:1079-92. [PMID: 22429485 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2012.02775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS There is still debate about the relationship between fat accumulation and mitochondrial function in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. It is a critical question as only a small proportion of individuals with steatosis progress to steatohepatitis. In this study, we focused on defining (i) the effects of triglyceride accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) on mitochondrial function (ii) the contributions of triglyceride, ROS and subsequent mitochondrial impairment on the metabolism of energy substrates. METHODS Human hepatoblastoma C3A cells, were treated with various combinations of oleate, octanoate, lactate (L), pyruvate (P) and ammonia (N) acutely or for 72 h, before measurements of triglyceride concentration, cell respiration, ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential, ketogenesis and gluconeogenesis, TCA cycle metabolite analysis and electron microscopy. RESULTS Acutely, LPON treatment enhanced mitochondrial respiration and ROS formation. After 72 h, despite the similarities in triglyceride accumulation, LPON treatment, but not oleate, dramatically affected mitochondrial function as evidenced by decreased respiration, increased mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS formation with concomitant enhanced ketogenesis. By comparison, respiration and ROS formation remained unperturbed with oleate. Importantly, this was accompanied by an increased gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis. The addition of the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine prevented mitochondrial dysfunction and reversed metabolic changes seen with LPON, strongly suggesting ROS involvement in mediating mitochondrial impairment. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that ROS formation, rather than cellular steatosis per se, impairs mitochondrial function. Thus, reduction in cellular steatosis may not always be the desired outcome without concomitant improvement in mitochondrial function and/or reducing of ROS formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalida A Lockman
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Edinburgh and Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Abstract
The consequence of myocardial ischemia is energetic stress, while reperfusion is accompanied by abrupt ionic shifts and considerable oxidative stress. Cells die by apoptotic and necrotic pathways. After the acute injury, the healing myocardium is subject to biomechanical stress and inflammation, which can trigger a smaller but more sustained wave of cell death, as well as changes in the metabolic and functional characteristics of surviving cells. The goal of cardioprotection is to prevent cell death during the acute injury as well as to modulate the detrimental processes that ensue during remodeling. This review will focus on acute injury, and the central premise is that mitochondria are the key determinant of cardiomyocyte fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta A Gottlieb
- SDSU BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-4650, USA.
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Carneiro P, Duarte M, Videira A. Disruption of alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases leads to decreased mitochondrial ROS in Neurospora crassa. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:402-9. [PMID: 22100504 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.10.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are a main providers of high levels of energy, but also a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during normal oxidative metabolism. The involvement of Neurospora crassa alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases in mitochondrial ROS production was evaluated. The growth responses of a series of respiratory mutants to several stress conditions revealed that disrupting alternative dehydrogenases leads to an increased tolerance to the redox cycler paraquat, with a mutant devoid of the external NDE1 and NDE2 enzymes being significantly more resistant. The nde1nde2 mutant mitochondria show a significant decrease in ROS generation in the presence and absence of paraquat, regardless of the respiratory substrate used, and an intrinsic increase in catalase activity. Analysis of ROS production by a complex I mutant (nuo51) indicates that, as in other organisms, paraquat-derived ROS in Neurospora mitochondria occur mainly at the level of complex I. We propose that disruption of the external NAD(P)H dehydrogenases NDE1 and NDE2 leads to a synergistic effect diminishing ROS generation by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. This, in addition to a robust increase in scavenging capacity, provides the mutant strain with an improved ability to withstand paraquat treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Carneiro
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
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44
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Ferreira FR, Oliveira AM, Dinarte AR, Pinheiro DG, Greene LJ, Silva WA, Joca SR, Guimarães FS. Changes in hippocampal gene expression by 7-nitroindazole in rats submitted to forced swimming stress. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2012; 11:303-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2011.00757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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45
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Yang Y, Yamashita T, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Hashimoto T, Murai M, Igarashi J, Miyoshi H, Mori N, Matsuno-Yagi A, Yagi T, Kosaka H. Reaction mechanism of single subunit NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Ndi1) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: evidence for a ternary complex mechanism. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:9287-97. [PMID: 21220430 PMCID: PMC3059053 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.175547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavoprotein rotenone-insensitive internal NADH-ubiquinone (UQ) oxidoreductase (Ndi1) is a member of the respiratory chain in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We reported previously that bound UQ in Ndi1 plays a key role in preventing the generation of reactive oxygen species. Here, to elucidate this mechanism, we investigated biochemical properties of Ndi1 and its mutants in which highly conserved amino acid residues (presumably involved in NADH and/or UQ binding sites) were replaced. We found that wild-type Ndi1 formed a stable charge transfer (CT) complex (around 740 nm) with NADH, but not with NADPH, under anaerobic conditions. The intensity of the CT absorption band was significantly increased by the presence of bound UQ or externally added n-decylbenzoquinone. Interestingly, however, when Ndi1 was exposed to air, the CT band transiently reached the same maximum level regardless of the presence of UQ. This suggests that Ndi1 forms a ternary complex with NADH and UQ, but the role of UQ in withdrawing an electron can be substitutable with oxygen. Proteinase K digestion analysis showed that NADH (but not NADPH) binding induces conformational changes in Ndi1. The kinetic study of wild-type and mutant Ndi1 indicated that there is no overlap between NADH and UQ binding sites. Moreover, we found that the bound UQ can reversibly dissociate from Ndi1 and is thus replaceable with other quinones in the membrane. Taken together, unlike other NAD(P)H-UQ oxidoreductases, the Ndi1 reaction proceeds through a ternary complex (not a ping-pong) mechanism. The bound UQ keeps oxygen away from the reduced flavin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Physiology and
| | | | - Eiko Nakamaru-Ogiso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6059
| | | | - Masatoshi Murai
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and
| | | | - Hideto Miyoshi
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and
| | - Nozomu Mori
- Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Akemi Matsuno-Yagi
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Takao Yagi
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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Perry CN, Huang C, Liu W, Magee N, Sousa Carreira R, Gottlieb RA. Xenotransplantation of mitochondrial electron transfer enzyme, Ndi1, in myocardial reperfusion injury. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16288. [PMID: 21339825 PMCID: PMC3038860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant consequence of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is mitochondrial
respiratory dysfunction, leading to energetic deficits and cellular toxicity
from reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mammalian complex I, a NADH-quinone
oxidoreductase enzyme, is a multiple subunit enzyme that oxidizes NADH and pumps
protons across the inner membrane. Damage to complex I leads to superoxide
production which further damages complex I as well as other proteins, lipids and
mtDNA. The yeast, S. cerevisiae, expresses internal rotenone
insensitive NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (Ndi1); a single 56kDa polypeptide
which, like the multi-subunit mammalian complex I, serves as the entry site of
electrons to the respiratory chain, but without proton pumping. Heterologous
expression of Ndi1 in mammalian cells results in protein localization to the
inner mitochondrial membrane which can function in parallel with endogenous
complex I to oxidize NADH and pass electrons to ubiquinone. Expression of Ndi1
in HL-1 cardiomyocytes and in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes protected the
cells from simulated ischemia/reperfusion (sI/R), accompanied by lower ROS
production, and preservation of ATP levels and NAD+/NADH ratios. We next
generated a fusion protein of Ndi1 and the 11aa protein transduction domain from
HIV TAT. TAT-Ndi1 entered cardiomyocytes and localized to mitochondrial
membranes. Furthermore, TAT-Ndi1 introduced into Langendorff-perfused rat hearts
also localized to mitochondria. Perfusion of TAT-Ndi1 before 30 min no-flow
ischemia and up to 2 hr reperfusion suppressed ROS production and preserved ATP
stores. Importantly, TAT-Ndi1 infused before ischemia reduced infarct size by
62%; TAT-Ndi1 infused at the onset of reperfusion was equally
cardioprotective. These results indicate that restoring NADH oxidation and
electron flow at reperfusion can profoundly ameliorate reperfusion injury.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Cell Death/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Electron Transport/genetics
- Electron Transport Complex I/genetics
- Electron Transport Complex I/metabolism
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Mitochondria, Heart/genetics
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/genetics
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/therapy
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Rats
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism
- Tissue Distribution/genetics
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/chemistry
- tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
- tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia N. Perry
- Department of Pathology, University of
California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of
America
- SDSU Bioscience Center, San Diego, California,
United States of America
| | - Chengqun Huang
- SDSU Bioscience Center, San Diego, California,
United States of America
| | - Wayne Liu
- SDSU Bioscience Center, San Diego, California,
United States of America
| | - Najib Magee
- SDSU Bioscience Center, San Diego, California,
United States of America
| | | | - Roberta A. Gottlieb
- SDSU Bioscience Center, San Diego, California,
United States of America
- * E-mail:
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47
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O'Donnell A, Harvey LM, McNeil B. The roles of the alternative NADH dehydrogenases during oxidative stress in cultures of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger. Fungal Biol 2011; 115:359-69. [PMID: 21530918 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of filamentous fungi in the biotechnology industry, little is known about their metabolism under the stressful conditions experienced in typical production fermenters. In the present study, oxygen enrichment was used to recreate an industrial batch process, and the effects of the increasing dissolved oxygen tension were studied as regards the cellular metabolism. It was found that elevated dissolved oxygen tension led to an oxidatively stressful environment, as detailed by rapid initial increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activities. Intracellular protein concentrations also decreased in oxygenated cultures; this appeared to be concomitant with a decrease in the adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) pool in these cultures. Oxygenated cultures showed early senescence and death compared to aerated control cultures. Despite earlier studies proposing various mechanisms for such findings in fungal cultures subjected to oxidative stress, these findings can best be explained by the fact that in such cultures the activity of alternative NADH dehydrogenases was significantly increased, which served to maintain lower ROS concentrations throughout the duration of the process but in doing so also reduced the ability of the organism to create a proton motive force by which to drive ATP synthesis. The findings of the present study help further our understanding of the central roles of these highly conserved enzymes within fungal metabolism under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O'Donnell
- Merck-Millipore, 2 Fleming Road, Kirkton Campus, Livingston, EH54 BT, United Kingdom
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48
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Jarosz DF, Lindquist S. Hsp90 and environmental stress transform the adaptive value of natural genetic variation. Science 2011; 330:1820-4. [PMID: 21205668 PMCID: PMC3260023 DOI: 10.1126/science.1195487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
How can species remain unaltered for long periods yet also undergo rapid diversification? By linking genetic variation to phenotypic variation via environmental stress, the Hsp90 protein-folding reservoir might promote both stasis and change. However, the nature and adaptive value of Hsp90-contingent traits remain uncertain. In ecologically and genetically diverse yeasts, we find such traits to be both common and frequently adaptive. Most are based on preexisting variation, with causative polymorphisms occurring in coding and regulatory sequences alike. A common temperature stress alters phenotypes similarly. Both selective inhibition of Hsp90 and temperature stress increase correlations between genotype and phenotype. This system broadly determines the adaptive value of standing genetic variation and, in so doing, has influenced the evolution of current genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Jarosz
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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49
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Wenz T, Williams SL, Bacman SR, Moraes CT. Emerging therapeutic approaches to mitochondrial diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 16:219-29. [PMID: 20818736 DOI: 10.1002/ddrr.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are very heterogeneous and can affect different tissues and organs. Moreover, they can be caused by genetic defects in either nuclear or mitochondrial DNA as well as by environmental factors. All of these factors have made the development of therapies difficult. In this review article, we will discuss emerging approaches to the therapy of mitochondrial disorders, some of which are targeted to specific conditions whereas others may be applicable to a more diverse group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Wenz
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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50
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Jin Y, Zheng S, Pu Y, Shu L, Sun L, Liu W, Fu Z. Cypermethrin has the potential to induce hepatic oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 82:398-404. [PMID: 20965546 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CYP), a widely used Type II pyrethroid pesticide, is one of the most common contaminants in the freshwater aquatic system. We studied the effects of CYP exposure on the induction of hepatic oxidative stress, DNA damage and the alteration of gene expression related to apoptosis in adult zebrafish. Hepatic mRNA levels for the genes encoding antioxidant proteins, such as Cu/Zn-Sod, Mn-Sod, Cat, and Gpx, were significantly upregulated when zebrafish were exposed to various concentrations of CYP for 4 or 8 days. In addition, the main genes related to fatty acid β-oxidation and the mitochondrial genes related to respiration and ATP synthesis were also significantly upregulated after exposure to high concentrations (1 and 3 μg L(-1)) of CYP for 4 or 8 days. Moreover, in a comet assay of zebrafish hepatocytes, tail DNA, tail length, tail moment and Olive tail moment increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The significant induction (p<0.01) of all four parameters observed with CYP concentrations of 0.3 μg L(-1) or higher suggests that heavy DNA damage was induced even at low levels. Furthermore, several apoptosis- related genes, such as p53, Apaf1 and Cas3, were significantly upregulated after CYP exposure, and Bcl2/Bax expression ratio decreased, especially in groups treated with 1 and 3 μg L(-1) CYP for 8 days. Taken together, our results suggested that CYP has the potential to induce hepatic oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in zebrafish. This information will be helpful in fully understanding the mechanism of aquatic toxicology induced by CYP in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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