1
|
Jou V, Peña SM, Lehoczky JA. Regeneration-specific promoter switching facilitates Mest expression in the mouse digit tip to modulate neutrophil response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.12.598713. [PMID: 38915675 PMCID: PMC11195169 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.598713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The mouse digit tip regenerates following amputation, a process mediated by a cellularly heterogeneous blastema. We previously found the gene Mest to be highly expressed in mesenchymal cells of the blastema and a strong candidate pro-regenerative gene. We now show Mest digit expression is regeneration-specific and not upregulated in post-amputation fibrosing proximal digits. Mest homozygous knockout mice exhibit delayed bone regeneration though no phenotype is found in paternal knockout mice, inconsistent with the defined maternal genomic imprinting of Mest. We demonstrate that promoter switching, not loss of imprinting, regulates biallelic Mest expression in the blastema and does not occur during embryogenesis, indicating a regeneration-specific mechanism. Requirement for Mest expression is tied to modulating neutrophil response, as revealed by scRNAseq and FACS comparing wildtype and knockout blastemas. Collectively, the imprinted gene Mest is required for proper digit tip regeneration and its blastema expression is facilitated by promoter switching for biallelic expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Jou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophia M. Peña
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica A. Lehoczky
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Anunciado-Koza RVP, Yin H, Bilodeau CL, Cooke D, Ables GP, Ryzhov S, Koza RA. Interindividual differences of dietary fat-inducible Mest in white adipose tissue of C57BL/6J mice are not heritable. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1144-1155. [PMID: 38616328 PMCID: PMC11132930 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Differences in white adipose tissue (WAT) expression of mesoderm-specific transcript (Mest) in C57BL6/J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) are concomitant with and predictive for the development of obesity. However, the basis for differences in WAT Mest among mice is unknown. This study investigated whether HFD-inducible WAT Mest, as well as susceptibility to obesity, is transmissible from parents to offspring. METHODS WAT biopsies of mice fed an HFD for 2 weeks identified parents with low and high WAT Mest for breeding. Obesity phenotypes, WAT Mest, hepatic gene expression, and serum metabolites were determined in offspring fed an HFD for 2 weeks. RESULTS Offspring showed no heritability of obesity or WAT Mest phenotypes from parents but did show hepatic and serum metabolite changes consistent with their WAT Mest. Importantly, retired male breeders showed WAT Mest expression congruent with initial WAT biopsies even though HFD exposure occurred early in life. CONCLUSIONS Disparity of HFD-induced Mest in mice is not heritable but, rather, is reestablished during each generation and remains fixed from an early age to adulthood. Short-term HFD feeding reveals variation of WAT Mest expression within isogenic mice that is positively associated with the development of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Haifeng Yin
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | | | - Diana Cooke
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Inc., Cold Spring, New York, USA
| | - Gene P. Ables
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Inc., Cold Spring, New York, USA
| | - Sergey Ryzhov
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert A. Koza
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ishihara T, Suzuki S, Newman TA, Fenelon JC, Griffith OW, Shaw G, Renfree MB. Marsupials have monoallelic MEST expression with a conserved antisense lncRNA but MEST is not imprinted. Heredity (Edinb) 2024; 132:5-17. [PMID: 37952041 PMCID: PMC10798977 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-023-00656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The imprinted isoform of the Mest gene in mice is involved in key mammalian traits such as placental and fetal growth, maternal care and mammary gland maturation. The imprinted isoform has a distinct differentially methylated region (DMR) at its promoter in eutherian mammals but in marsupials, there are no differentially methylated CpG islands between the parental alleles. Here, we examined similarities and differences in the MEST gene locus across mammals using a marsupial, the tammar wallaby, a monotreme, the platypus, and a eutherian, the mouse, to investigate how imprinting of this gene evolved in mammals. By confirming the presence of the short isoform in all mammalian groups (which is imprinted in eutherians), this study suggests that an alternative promoter for the short isoform evolved at the MEST gene locus in the common ancestor of mammals. In the tammar, the short isoform of MEST shared the putative promoter CpG island with an antisense lncRNA previously identified in humans and an isoform of a neighbouring gene CEP41. The antisense lncRNA was expressed in tammar sperm, as seen in humans. This suggested that the conserved lncRNA might be important in the establishment of MEST imprinting in therian mammals, but it was not imprinted in the tammar. In contrast to previous studies, this study shows that MEST is not imprinted in marsupials. MEST imprinting in eutherians, therefore must have occurred after the marsupial-eutherian split with the acquisition of a key epigenetic imprinting control region, the differentially methylated CpG islands between the parental alleles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teruhito Ishihara
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Shunsuke Suzuki
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Trent A Newman
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jane C Fenelon
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Oliver W Griffith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Geoff Shaw
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Marilyn B Renfree
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sapehia D, Mahajan A, Singh P, Kaur J. High dietary folate and low vitamin B12 in the parental diet disturbed the epigenetics of imprinted genes MEST and PHLDA2 in mice placenta. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 118:109354. [PMID: 37098363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the dietary effects of vitamin B12 and folic acid on fetal and placental epigenetics, different dietary combinations of folic acid and low vitamin B12 (four groups) were fed to the animals (C57BL/6 mice), and mating was carried out within each group in the F0 generation. After weaning for 3 weeks in the F1 generation one group of mice was continued on the same diet (sustained group) while the other was shifted to a normal diet (transient group) for 6-8 weeks (F1). Mating was carried out again within each group, and on day 20 of gestation, the maternal placenta (F1) and fetal tissues (F2) were isolated. Expression of imprinted genes and various epigenetic mechanisms, including global and gene-specific DNA methylation and post-translational histone modifications, were studied. Evaluation of mRNA levels of MEST and PHLDA2 in placental tissue revealed that their expression is maximally influenced by vitamin B12 deficiency and high folate conditions. The gene expression of MEST and PHLDA2 was found significantly decreased in the F0 generation, with the over-expression of the genes in BDFO dietary groups. These dietary combinations also resulted in DNA methylation changes in both generations, which may not play a role in gene expression regulation. However, altered histone modifications were found to be the major regulatory factor in controlling the expression of genes in the F1 generation. The imbalance of low vitamin B12 and high folate leads to increased levels of activating histone marks, contributing to increased gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divika Sapehia
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Aatish Mahajan
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Parampal Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Jyotdeep Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ku MS, Pan WC, Huang YT, Hsieh WS, Hsu YH, Chen PC, Liu CY. Associations between prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances, hypomethylation of MEST imprinted gene and birth outcomes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 304:119183. [PMID: 35331797 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure has been linked to adverse birth outcomes, but the underlying mechanism has yet to be elucidated. DNA methylation changes in mesoderm-specific transcript (MEST) imprinted gene may be a mechanism of the prenatal exposure effects of PFASs on fetal growth. The aim was to investigate the prenatal PFASs exposure effects on DNA methylation changes in MEST imprinted gene involved in fetal growth. Among 486 mother-infant pairs from the Taiwan Birth Panel Study, PFASs and DNA methylation levels at 5 CpG sites of MEST promoter region were measured in cord blood. Univariable and multivariable linear regressions were performed to estimate the associations between prenatal PFAS exposure, MEST DNA methylation levels, and child birth outcomes. Mediation analysis was performed to examine the potential pathway of MEST methylation between PFASs and birth outcomes. We found that higher prenatal perfluorooctyl sulfonate (PFOS) exposure was significantly associated with lower methylation levels at 5 CpG sites of MEST promoter region (an adjusted β range: -1.56, -2.22). Significant negative associations were also found between MEST methylation levels and child birth weight. Furthermore, the associations between PFOS and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure and MEST methylation levels were more profound in girls than in boys. The mediated effect of average MEST methylation level between PFOS exposure and birth weight was 18.3 (95% CI = 2.1, 40.2; p = 0.014). The direct effect of PFOS exposure to birth weight independent to average MEST methylation level was -93.2 (95% CI = -170.5, -17.8; p = 0.018). In conclusion, our results suggest that prenatal PFAS exposure, especially PFOS, is associated with lower methylation levels at MEST promoter region, which not only leverages the role of imprinted gene in ensuring the integrity of fetal growth but also provides a potential mechanism for evaluating the prenatal exposure effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Sheng Ku
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Pan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Tsung Huang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Shiun Hsieh
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, 02131, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Liu
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dong Y, Jin L, Liu X, Li D, Chen W, Huo H, Zhang C, Li S. IMPACT and OSBPL1A are two isoform-specific imprinted genes in bovines. Theriogenology 2022; 184:100-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
7
|
Dessì A, Tognazzi C, Bosco A, Pintus R, Fanos V. Metabolomic profiles and microbiota of GDM offspring: The key for future perspective? Front Pediatr 2022; 10:941800. [PMID: 36275053 PMCID: PMC9579340 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.941800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), or any degree of glucose intolerance recognized for the first time during pregnancy, is one of the diseases that most frequently aggravates the course of gestation. Missed or late diagnosis and inadequate treatment are associated with high maternal and fetal morbidity, with possible short- and long-term repercussions. Estimates on the prevalence of GDM are alarming and increasing by about 30% in the last 10-20 years. In addition, there is the negative influence of the SARS-CoV-2 emergency on the glycemic control of pregnant women, making the matter increasingly topical. To date, knowledge on the metabolic maturation of newborns is still incomplete. However, in light of the considerable progress of the theory of "developmental origins of health and disease," the relevant role of the intrauterine environment cannot be overlooked. In fact, due to the high plasticity of the early stages of development, some detrimental metabolic alterations during fetal growth, including maternal hyperglycemia, are associated with a higher incidence of chronic diseases in adult life. In this context, metabolomic analysis which allows to obtain a detailed phenotypic portrait through the dynamic detection of all metabolites in cells, tissues and different biological fluids could be very useful for the early diagnosis and prevention of complications. Indeed, if the diagnostic timing is optimized through the identification of specific metabolites, the detailed understanding of the altered metabolic pathway could also allow better management and more careful monitoring, also from a nutritional profile, of the more fragile children. In this context, a further contribution derives from the analysis of the intestinal microbiota, the main responsible for the fecal metabolome, given its alteration in pregnancies complicated by GDM and the possibility of transmission to offspring. The purpose of this review is to analyze the available data regarding the alterations in the metabolomic profile and microbiota of the offspring of mothers with GDM in order to highlight future prospects for reducing GDM-related complications in children of mothers affected by this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Dessì
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Chiara Tognazzi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alice Bosco
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberta Pintus
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Basak S, Das MK, Duttaroy AK. Plastics derived endocrine-disrupting compounds and their effects on early development. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1308-1325. [PMID: 32476245 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that the estrogenic effects of bisphenols were first described 80 years ago, recent data about its potential negative impact on birth outcome parameters raises a strong rationale to investigate further. The adverse health effects of plastics recommend to measure the impacts of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as bisphenols (BPA, BPS, BPF), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in human health. Exposure to these compounds in utero may program the diseases of the testis, prostate, kidney and abnormalities in the immune system, and cause tumors, uterine hemorrhage during pregnancy and polycystic ovary. These compounds also control the processes of epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult-onset diseases by modulating DNA methylation and epimutations in reproductive cells. The early developmental stage is the most susceptible window for developmental and genomic programming. The critical stages of the events for a normal human birth lie between the many transitions occurring between spermatogenesis, egg fertilization and the fully formed fetus. As the cells begin to grow and differentiate, there are critical balances of hormones, and protein synthesis. Data are emerging on how these plastic-derived compounds affect embryogenesis, placentation and feto-placental development since pregnant women and unborn fetuses are often exposed to these factors during preconception and throughout gestation. Impaired early development that ultimately influences fetal outcomes is at the center of many developmental disorders and contributes an independent risk factor for adult chronic diseases. This review will summarize the current status on the impact of exposure to plastic derived EDCs on the growth, gene expression, epigenetic and angiogenic activities of the early fetal development process and their possible effects on birth outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mrinal K Das
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Onuzulu CD, Rotimi OA, Rotimi SO. Epigenetic modifications associated with in utero exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals BPA, DDT and Pb. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2019; 34:309-325. [PMID: 31271561 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2018-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are xenobiotics which adversely modify the hormone system. The endocrine system is most vulnerable to assaults by endocrine disruptors during the prenatal and early development window, and effects may persist into adulthood and across generations. The prenatal stage is a period of vulnerability to environmental chemicals because the epigenome is usually reprogrammed during this period. Bisphenol A (BPA), lead (Pb), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were chosen for critical review because they have become serious public health concerns globally, especially in Africa where they are widely used without any regulation. In this review, we introduce EDCs and describe the various modes of action of EDCs and the importance of the prenatal and developmental windows to EDC exposure. We give a brief overview of epigenetics and describe the various epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs, and how each of them affects gene expression. We then summarize findings from previous studies on the effects of prenatal exposure to the endocrine disruptors BPA, Pb and DDT on each of the previously described epigenetic mechanisms. We also discuss how the epigenetic alterations caused by these EDCs may be related to disease processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinonye Doris Onuzulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi Anuoluwapo Rotimi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Oladapo Rotimi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Clark J, Martin E, Bulka CM, Smeester L, Santos HP, O'Shea TM, Fry RC. Associations between placental CpG methylation of metastable epialleles and childhood body mass index across ages one, two and ten in the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGAN) cohort. Epigenetics 2019; 14:1102-1111. [PMID: 31216936 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1633865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis posits that in utero and early life conditions can disrupt normal fetal development and program susceptibility to later-life disease. Metastable epialleles are genomic loci in which CpG methylation patterning is responsive to maternal diet and conserved across time and tissues. Thus, these sites could serve as 'signatures' of gestational environment conditions. Here, we sought to determine if methylation of metastable epialleles was associated with changes in childhood body mass index (BMI) z-scores across ages one, two and ten in the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGAN) cohort. CpG methylation of 250 probes (corresponding to 111 genes) within metastable epiallele regions was measured in placental tissue. Linear mixed effects models were fit to evaluate the overall and sex-stratified associations between methylation and changes in BMI z-score over time. In total, 26 probes were associated (p < 0.05) with changes in BMI z-score overall, including probes within Mesoderm Specific Transcript (MEST) and Histone Deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), which have previously been associated with childhood obesity and adipogenesis. Sex-stratified analyses revealed a significant association, after adjusting for multiple comparisons (q < 0.05), within female placentas for one probe annotated to the imprinted gene PLAG1 Like Zinc Finger 1 (PLAGL1). These findings suggest epigenetic marks may be involved in programming susceptibility to obesity in utero and highlight the potential to use placental tissues in predicting growth rate trajectories among premature infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeliyah Clark
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Elizabeth Martin
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Catherine M Bulka
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Lisa Smeester
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA.,Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Hudson P Santos
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA.,School of Nursing, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - T Michael O'Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA.,Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yonekura S, Ohata M, Tsuchiya M, Tokita H, Mizusawa M, Tokutake Y. Peg1/Mest, an imprinted gene, is involved in mammary gland maturation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:1080-1087. [PMID: 30144363 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Imprinted genes, which are specific to mammals, play important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, ontogeny, and other phenomena. Moreover, these genes are considered crucial in the research of mammalian evolution. In the current study, we investigated the association between the expression of paternally imprinted gene paternally expressed 1/mesoderm-specific transcript (Peg1/Mest) and the maturation of the mammary gland. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of Peg1/Mest gene expression at different stages of mouse mammary gland maturation revealed that its expression increased during gestation but decreased during lactation. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that Peg1/Mest was expressed in mammary epithelial cells. We measured expression levels of Peg1/Mest and E-cadherin during mammary alveoli formation using immunofluorescence staining a cell model for mammary alveoli formation in a 3D culture system. We found that the onset of E-cadherin expression roughly coincided with the peak of Peg1/Mest expression. Moreover, we discovered that the formation and proliferation of alveoli were suppressed in Peg1/Mest knockdown mammary epithelial cells. These results suggest that Peg1/Mest plays a certain role in mammary alveoli formation. To clarify the role of Peg1/Mest in the lactogenic differentiation of mammary epithelial cells, we examined the lactogenic differentiation capability of Peg1/Mest-overexpressing HC11 cells. Application of a differentiation-inducing stimulus did not increase β-casein expression in Peg1/Mest-overexpressing HC11 cells. The current study for the first time reports the involvement of an imprinted gene in mammary gland maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Yonekura
- Department of Interdisciplinary Genome Sciences and Cell Metabolism, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohata
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Megumi Tsuchiya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hitomi Tokita
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Moeko Mizusawa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yukako Tokutake
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Potabattula R, Dittrich M, Böck J, Haertle L, Müller T, Hahn T, Schorsch M, Hajj NE, Haaf T. Allele-specific methylation of imprinted genes in fetal cord blood is influenced by cis-acting genetic variants and parental factors. Epigenomics 2018; 10:1315-1326. [PMID: 30238782 PMCID: PMC6240887 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To examine the effects of genetic variation, parental age and BMI on parental allele-specific methylation of imprinted genes in fetal cord blood samples. Methodology: We have developed SNP genotyping and deep bisulphite sequencing assays for six imprinted genes to determine parental allele-specific methylation patterns in diploid somatic tissues. Results: Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed a negative correlation of paternal age with paternal MEG3 allele methylation in fetal cord blood. Methylation of the maternal PEG3 allele showed a positive correlation with maternal age. Paternal BMI was positively correlated with paternal MEST allele methylation. In addition to parental origin, allele-specific methylation of most imprinted genes was largely dependent on the underlying SNP haplotype. Conclusion: Our study supports the idea that parental factors can have an impact, although of small effect size, on the epigenome of the next generation, providing an additional layer of complexity to phenotypic diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Potabattula
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Dittrich
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Bioinformatics, Julius Maximilians University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Böck
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Larissa Haertle
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Müller
- Department of Bioinformatics, Julius Maximilians University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Nady El Hajj
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
LincRNA H19 protects from dietary obesity by constraining expression of monoallelic genes in brown fat. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3622. [PMID: 30190464 PMCID: PMC6127097 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis in mice and humans improves metabolic health and understanding BAT function is of interest for novel approaches to counteract obesity. The role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in these processes remains elusive. We observed maternally expressed, imprinted lncRNA H19 increased upon cold-activation and decreased in obesity in BAT. Inverse correlations of H19 with BMI were also observed in humans. H19 overexpression promoted, while silencing of H19 impaired adipogenesis, oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial respiration in brown but not white adipocytes. In vivo, H19 overexpression protected against DIO, improved insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial biogenesis, whereas fat H19 loss sensitized towards HFD weight gains. Strikingly, paternally expressed genes (PEG) were largely absent from BAT and we demonstrated that H19 recruits PEG-inactivating H19-MBD1 complexes and acts as BAT-selective PEG gatekeeper. This has implications for our understanding how monoallelic gene expression affects metabolism in rodents and, potentially, humans. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis counteracts obesity and promotes metabolic health. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of this process is not well understood. Here the authors identify a maternally expressed lncRNA, H19, that increases BAT oxidative metabolism and energy expenditure.
Collapse
|
14
|
Junge KM, Leppert B, Jahreis S, Wissenbach DK, Feltens R, Grützmann K, Thürmann L, Bauer T, Ishaque N, Schick M, Bewerunge-Hudler M, Röder S, Bauer M, Schulz A, Borte M, Landgraf K, Körner A, Kiess W, von Bergen M, Stangl GI, Trump S, Eils R, Polte T, Lehmann I. MEST mediates the impact of prenatal bisphenol A exposure on long-term body weight development. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:58. [PMID: 29721103 PMCID: PMC5910578 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals can alter normal physiology and increase susceptibility to non-communicable diseases like obesity. Especially the prenatal and early postnatal period is highly vulnerable to adverse effects by environmental exposure, promoting developmental reprogramming by epigenetic alterations. To obtain a deeper insight into the role of prenatal bisphenol A (BPA) exposure in children's overweight development, we combine epidemiological data with experimental models and BPA-dependent DNA methylation changes. Methods BPA concentrations were measured in maternal urine samples of the LINA mother-child-study obtained during pregnancy (n = 552), and BPA-associated changes in cord blood DNA methylation were analyzed by Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip arrays (n = 472). Methylation changes were verified by targeted MassARRAY analyses, assessed for their functional translation by qPCR and correlated with children's body mass index (BMI) z scores at the age of 1 and 6 years. Further, female BALB/c mice were exposed to BPA from 1 week before mating until delivery, and weight development of their pups was monitored (n ≥ 8/group). Additionally, human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were treated with BPA during the adipocyte differentiation period and assessed for exposure-related epigenetic, transcriptional and morphological changes (n = 4). Results In prenatally BPA-exposed children two CpG sites with deviating cord blood DNA-methylation profiles were identified, among them a hypo-methylated CpG in the promoter of the obesity-associated mesoderm-specific transcript (MEST). A mediator analysis suggested that prenatal BPA exposure was connected to cord blood MEST promoter methylation and MEST expression as well as BMI z scores in early infancy. This effect could be confirmed in mice in which prenatal BPA exposure altered Mest promoter methylation and transcription with a concomitant increase in the body weight of the juvenile offspring. An experimental model of in vitro differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells also revealed an epigenetically induced MEST expression and enhanced adipogenesis following BPA exposure. Conclusions Our study provides evidence that MEST mediates the impact of prenatal BPA exposure on long-term body weight development in offspring by triggering adipocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M. Junge
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate Leppert
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Jahreis
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk K. Wissenbach
- Department Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralph Feltens
- Department Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Konrad Grützmann
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
- Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Loreen Thürmann
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Digital Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Bauer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Naveed Ishaque
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Agriculture and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Schick
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Röder
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mario Bauer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angela Schulz
- Medical Faculty, Rudolf-Schönheimer-Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Borte
- Children’s Hospital, Municipal Hospital “St. Georg”, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents-Centre for Pediatric Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents-Centre for Pediatric Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents-Centre for Pediatric Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabriele I. Stangl
- Institute of Agriculture and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena Leipzig, Germany
| | - Saskia Trump
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology, DKFZ-HIPO, Heidelberg, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Digital Health, Berlin, Germany
- Health Data Science Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Polte
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Irina Lehmann
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
- Unit for Molecular Epidemiology, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charitè - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang X, Wan L, Weng X, Xie J, Zhang A, Liu Y, Dong M. Alteration in methylation level at differential methylated regions of MEST and DLK1 in fetus of preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2017; 37:1-8. [PMID: 29157033 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2017.1397689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Offspring born to preeclamptic women are at high risk for metabolic diseases in later life, but the mechanisms are not known. The purposes of the current investigation were to clarify the changes in DNA methylation at MEST and DLK1 DMRs in fetus of preeclampsia and to explore the possible mechanisms behind the high risk of adult diseases in the offspring of preeclampsia. METHODS Fetal lymphocytes were isolated from umbilical cord blood of 78 women with preeclampsia and 95 women with normal pregnancy. Genomic DNA was extracted and then DNA methylation levels of MEST and DLK1 DMRs were determined by MassARRAY quantitative methylation analysis. RESULTS The methylation levels were detected in 20 CpG sites of MEST DMR and 16 sites of DLK1 DMR. Methylation changes were significantly different at CPG1, 3, 4, 7.8, 15, 18.19, and 20 of MEST between preeclampsia and normal pregnancy (P = 0.014, 0.001, <0.001, <0.001, = 0.001, = 0.005, and = 0.003, respectively). Significant differences were also observed at CPG 3 and 9 of DLK1 (P = 0.002 and 0.027, respectively). However, overall methylation at these DMRs were not affected. CONCLUSION We conclude methylation changes at some CpG sites of MEST and DLK DMRs in preeclamptic group. This may be among the mechanisms behind the high risk of adult diseases in the later life of offspring born to preeclamptic pregnancies. ABBREVIATIONS DMR: Differentially Methylated Region; MEST: Mesoderm Specific Transcript.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wang
- a Women's Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University.,b Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital , Ningbo , China
| | - Liuxia Wan
- a Women's Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University
| | - Xiaoling Weng
- a Women's Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University
| | - Jiamin Xie
- a Women's Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University
| | - Aiping Zhang
- c Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yun Liu
- d Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Fudan University Shanghai Medical College , Shanghai , China.,e Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College
| | - Minyue Dong
- a Women's Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Haertle L, Maierhofer A, Böck J, Lehnen H, Böttcher Y, Blüher M, Schorsch M, Potabattula R, El Hajj N, Appenzeller S, Haaf T. Hypermethylation of the non-imprinted maternal MEG3 and paternal MEST alleles is highly variable among normal individuals. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184030. [PMID: 28854270 PMCID: PMC5576652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Imprinted genes show parent-specific activity (functional haploidy), which makes them particularly vulnerable to epigenetic dysregulation. Here we studied the methylation profiles of oppositely imprinted genes at single DNA molecule resolution by two independent parental allele-specific deep bisulfite sequencing (DBS) techniques. Using Roche (GSJunior) next generation sequencing technology, we analyzed the maternally imprinted MEST promoter and the paternally imprinted MEG3 intergenic (IG) differentially methylated region (DMR) in fetal cord blood, adult blood, and visceral adipose tissue. Epimutations were defined as paternal or maternal alleles with >50% aberrantly (de)methylated CpG sites, showing the wrong methylation imprint. The epimutation rates (range 2–66%) of the paternal MEST and the maternal MEG3 IG DMR allele, which should be completely unmethylated, were significantly higher than those (0–15%) of the maternal MEST and paternal MEG3 alleles, which are expected to be fully methylated. This hypermethylation of the non-imprinted allele (HNA) was independent of parental origin. Very low epimutation rates in sperm suggest that HNA occurred after fertilization. DBS with Illumina (MiSeq) technology confirmed HNA for the MEST promoter and the MEG3 IG DMR, and to a lesser extent, for the paternally imprinted secondary MEG3 promoter and the maternally imprinted PEG3 promoter. HNA leads to biallelic methylation of imprinted genes in a considerable proportion of normal body cells (somatic mosaicism) and is highly variable between individuals. We propose that during development and differentiation maintenance of differential methylation at most imprinting control regions may become to some extent redundant. The accumulation of stochastic and environmentally-induced methylation errors on the non-imprinted allele may increase epigenetic diversity between cells and individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Haertle
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Maierhofer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Böck
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Lehnen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Municipal Clinics, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Yvonne Böttcher
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Ramya Potabattula
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nady El Hajj
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Silke Appenzeller
- Core Unit Systems Medicine, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Anunciado-Koza RP, Manuel J, Mynatt RL, Zhang J, Kozak LP, Koza RA. Diet-induced adipose tissue expansion is mitigated in mice with a targeted inactivation of mesoderm specific transcript (Mest). PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28640866 PMCID: PMC5481029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interindividual variation of white adipose tissue (WAT) expression of mesoderm specific transcript (Mest), a paternally-expressed imprinted gene belonging to the α/β-hydrolase fold protein family, becomes apparent among genetically inbred mice fed high fat diet (HFD) and is positively associated with adipose tissue expansion (ATE). To elucidate a role for MEST in ATE, mice were developed with global and adipose tissue inactivation of Mest. Mice with homozygous (MestgKO) and paternal allelic (MestpKO) inactivation of Mest were born at expected Mendelian frequencies, showed no behavioral or physical abnormalities, and did not perturb expression of the Mest locus-derived microRNA miR-335. MestpKO mice fed HFD showed reduced ATE and adipocyte hypertrophy, improved glucose tolerance, and reduced WAT expression of genes associated with hypoxia and inflammation compared to littermate controls. Remarkably, caloric intake and energy expenditure were unchanged between genotypes. Mice with adipose tissue inactivation of Mest were phenotypically similar to MestpKO, supporting a role for WAT MEST in ATE. Global profiling of WAT gene expression of HFD-fed control and MestpKO mice detected few differences between genotypes; nevertheless, genes with reduced expression in MestpKO mice were associated with immune processes and consistent with improved glucose homeostasis. Ear-derived mesenchymal stem cells (EMSC) from MestgKO mice showed no differences in adipogenic differentiation compared to control cells unless challenged by shRNA knockdown of Gpat4, an enzyme that mediates lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Reduced adipogenic capacity of EMSC from MestgKO after Gpat4 knockdown suggests that MEST facilitates lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Our data suggests that reduced diet-induced ATE in MEST-deficient mice diminishes hypoxia and inflammation in WAT leading to improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Since inactivation of Mest in mice has minimal additional effects aside from reduction of ATE, an intervention that mitigates MEST function in adipocytes is a plausible strategy to obviate obesity and type-2-diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rea P. Anunciado-Koza
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Justin Manuel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
| | - Randall L. Mynatt
- Transgenics Core Facility, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Transgenics Core Facility, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Leslie P. Kozak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Robert A. Koza
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yu F, Shen H, Deng HW. Systemic analysis of osteoblast-specific DNA methylation marks reveals novel epigenetic basis of osteoblast differentiation. Bone Rep 2017; 6:109-119. [PMID: 28409176 PMCID: PMC5384298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification that contributes to the lineage commitment and specific functions of different cell types. In this study, we compared ENCODE-generated genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of human osteoblast with 21 other types of human cells in order to identify osteoblast-specific methylation events. For most of the cell strains, data from two isogenic replicates were included, resulting in a total of 51 DNA methylation datasets. We identified 852 significant osteoblast-specific differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) and 295 significant differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Significant DMCs/DMRs were not enriched in CpG islands (CGIs) and promoters, but more strongly enriched in CGI shores/shelves and in gene body and intergenic regions. The genes associated with significant DMRs were highly enriched in biological processes related to transcriptional regulation and critical for regulating bone metabolism and skeletal development under physiologic and pathologic conditions. By integrating the DMR data with the extensive gene expression and chromatin epigenomics data, we observed complex, context-dependent relationships between DNA methylation, chromatin states, and gene expression, suggesting diverse DNA methylation-mediated regulatory mechanisms. Our results also highlighted a number of novel osteoblast-relevant genes. For example, the integrated evidences from DMR analysis, histone modification and RNA-seq data strongly support that there is a novel isoform of neurexin-2 (NRXN2) gene specifically expressed in osteoblast. NRXN2 was known to function as a cell adhesion molecule in the vertebrate nervous system, but its functional role in bone is completely unknown and thus worth further investigation. In summary, we reported a comprehensive analysis of osteoblast-specific DNA methylation profiles and revealed novel insights into the epigenetic basis of osteoblast differentiation and activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangtang Yu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
- College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid as Therapy for Diabetic and Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:945-962. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
20
|
Qian YY, Huang XL, Liang H, Zhang ZF, Xu JH, Chen JP, Yuan W, He L, Wang L, Miao MH, Du J, Li DK. Effects of maternal folic acid supplementation on gene methylation and being small for gestational age. J Hum Nutr Diet 2016; 29:643-51. [PMID: 27230729 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being small for gestational age (SGA), a foetal growth abnormality, has a long-lasting impact on childhood health. Its aetiology and underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Underlying epigenetic changes of imprinted genes have emerged as a potential pathological pathway because they may be associated with growth, including SGA. As a common methyl donor, folic acid (FA) is essential for DNA methylation, synthesis and repair, and FA supplementation is widely recommended for women planning pregnancy. The present study aimed to investigate the inter-relationships among methylation levels of two imprinted genes [H19 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and MEST DMRs], maternal FA supplementation and SGA. METHODS We conducted a case-control study. Umbilical cord blood was taken from 39 SGA infants and 49 controls whose birth weights are appropriate for gestational age (AGA). DNA methylation levels of H19 and MEST DMRs were determined by an analysis of mass array quantitative methylation. RESULTS Statistically significantly higher methylation levels were observed at sites 7.8, 9 and 17.18 of H19 (P = 0.030, 0.016 and 0.050, respectively) in the SGA infants compared to the AGA group. In addition, the association was stronger in male births where the mothers took FA around conception at six H19 sites (P = 0.004, 0.005, 0.048, 0.002, 0.021 and 0.005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Methylation levels at H19 DMRs were higher in SGA infants compared to AGA controls. It appears that the association may be influenced by maternal peri-conception FA supplementation and also be sex-specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y-Y Qian
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X-L Huang
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - H Liang
- Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z-F Zhang
- Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J-H Xu
- Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J-P Chen
- Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Yuan
- Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - L He
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - M-H Miao
- Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - J Du
- Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - D-K Li
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Leow SC, Poschmann J, Too PG, Yin J, Joseph R, McFarlane C, Dogra S, Shabbir A, Ingham PW, Prabhakar S, Leow MKS, Lee YS, Ng KL, Chong YS, Gluckman PD, Stünkel W. The transcription factor SOX6 contributes to the developmental origins of obesity by promoting adipogenesis. Development 2016; 143:950-61. [PMID: 26893351 DOI: 10.1242/dev.131573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An association between impaired fetal growth and the postnatal development of obesity has been established. Here, by comparing adipocytes differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) taken from the umbilical cord and derived from normal and growth-restricted neonates, we identified the transcription factor SOX6 as highly expressed only in growth-restricted individuals. We found that SOX6 regulates adipogenesis in vertebrate species by activating adipogenic regulators including PPARγ, C/EBPα and MEST. We further show that SOX6 interacts with β-catenin in adipocytes, suggesting an inhibition of WNT/β-catenin signaling, thereby promoting adipogenesis. The upstream regulatory region of the MEST gene in MSCs from growth-restricted subjects harbors hypomethylated CpGs next to SOX6 binding motifs, and we found that SOX6 binding is impaired by adjacent CpG methylation. In summary, we report that SOX6 is a novel regulator of adipogenesis synergizing with epigenetic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Chi Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore 117609
| | - Jeremie Poschmann
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore 138672
| | - Peh Gek Too
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore 117609
| | - Juan Yin
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore 636921
| | - Roy Joseph
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore 117609
| | - Craig McFarlane
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore 117609
| | - Shaillay Dogra
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore 117609
| | - Asim Shabbir
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074
| | - Philip W Ingham
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore 636921 Developmental and Biomedical Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore 138673
| | - Shyam Prabhakar
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore 138672
| | - Melvin K S Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore 117609 Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore 308433
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore 117609 Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Kai Lyn Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore 117609 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore 117609 Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Walter Stünkel
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore 117609
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Anunciado-Koza RP, Manuel J, Koza RA. Molecular correlates of fat mass expansion in C57BL/6J mice after short-term exposure to dietary fat. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1363:50-8. [PMID: 26647164 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity of obesity within a population of inbred mice fed an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) is associated with changes of gene expression in white adipose tissue (WAT). One gene in particular with large variations among mice, mesoderm-specific transcript (Mest), has been shown to be highly inducible after being fed a short-term HFD, and its expression in WAT before HFD feeding is predictive for susceptibility to the development of obesity. To gain further insight into the association of Mest with rapid changes in body composition, 96 individually housed C57BL/6J mice were fed an HFD for only 2 weeks, resulting in a 12-fold and 90-fold variation in Mest mRNA in visceral epididymal and subcutaneous inguinal WAT, respectively. WAT Mest mRNA was positively associated with interindividual variation of fat mass. Surprisingly, there was only a slight association of WAT Mest with food intake when normalized by body weight or lean mass. In addition, WAT Mest expression coincided highly with the expression of the transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 14 (Klf14), an imprinted gene that regulates lipid metabolism in WAT. Our data suggest that KLF14 transcriptional activity may partially mediate, or act in concert with, MEST as part of an epigenetic mechanism that promotes fat mass accumulation in mice fed an obesogenic diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rea P Anunciado-Koza
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Justin Manuel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Robert A Koza
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang X, Hai C. Redox modulation of adipocyte differentiation: hypothesis of "Redox Chain" and novel insights into intervention of adipogenesis and obesity. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:99-125. [PMID: 26187871 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In view of the global prevalence of obesity and obesity-associated disorders, it is important to clearly understand how adipose tissue forms. Accumulating data from various laboratories implicate that redox status is closely associated with energy metabolism. Thus, biochemical regulation of the redox system may be an attractive alternative for the treatment of obesity-related disorders. In this work, we will review the current data detailing the role of the redox system in adipocyte differentiation, as well as identifying areas for further research. The redox system affects adipogenic differentiation in an extensive way. We propose that there is a complex and interactive "redox chain," consisting of a "ROS-generating enzyme chain," "combined antioxidant chain," and "transcription factor chain," which contributes to fine-tune the regulation of ROS level and subsequent biological consequences. The roles of the redox system in adipocyte differentiation are paradoxical. The redox system exerts a "tridimensional" mechanism in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation, including transcriptional, epigenetic, and posttranslational modulations. We suggest that redoxomic techniques should be extensively applied to understand the biological effects of redox alterations in a more integrated way. A stable and standardized "redox index" is urgently needed for the evaluation of the general redox status. Therefore, more effort should be made to establish and maintain a general redox balance rather than to conduct simple prooxidant or antioxidant interventions, which have comprehensive implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Stelzer Y, Bar S, Bartok O, Afik S, Ronen D, Kadener S, Benvenisty N. Differentiation of Human Parthenogenetic Pluripotent Stem Cells Reveals Multiple Tissue- and Isoform-Specific Imprinted Transcripts. Cell Rep 2015; 11:308-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
25
|
Giblin L, Darimont C, Leone P, McNamara LB, Blancher F, Berry D, Castañeda-Gutiérrez E, Lawlor PG. Offspring subcutaneous adipose markers are sensitive to the timing of maternal gestational weight gain. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:16. [PMID: 25879645 PMCID: PMC4363193 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive maternal weight gain during pregnancy impacts on offspring health. This study focused on the timing of maternal gestational weight gain, using a porcine model with mothers of normal pre-pregnancy weight. METHODS Trial design ensured the trajectory of maternal gestational weight gain differed across treatments in early, mid and late gestation. Diet composition did not differ. On day 25 gestation, sows were assigned to one of five treatments: Control sows received a standard gestation diet of 2.3 kg/day (30 MJ DE/day) from early to late gestation (day 25-110 gestation). E sows received 4.6 kg food/day in early gestation (day 25-50 gestation). M sows doubled their food intake in mid gestation (day 50-80 gestation). EM sows doubled their food intake during both early and mid gestation (day 25-80 gestation). L sows consumed 3.5 kg food/day in late gestation (day 80-110 gestation). Offspring body weight and food intake levels were measured from birth to adolescence. Markers of lipid metabolism, hypertrophy and inflammation were investigated in subcutaneous adipose tissue of adolescent offspring. RESULTS The trajectory of gestational weight gain differed across treatments. However total gestational weight gain did not differ except for EM sows who were the heaviest and fattest mothers at parturition. Offspring birth weight did not differ across treatments. Subcutaneous adipose tissue from EM offspring differed significantly from controls, with elevated mRNA levels of lipogenic (CD36, ACACB and LPL), nutrient transporters (FABP4 and GLUT4), lipolysis (HSL and ATGL), adipocyte size (MEST) and inflammation (PAI-1) indicators. The subcutaneous adipose depot from L offspring exhibited elevated levels of CD36, ACACB, LPL, GLUT4 and FABP4 mRNA transcripts compared to control offspring. CONCLUSIONS Increasing gestational weight gain in early gestation had the greatest impact on offspring postnatal growth rate. Increasing maternal food allowance in late gestation appeared to shift the offspring adipocyte focus towards accumulation of fat. Mothers who gained the most weight during gestation (EM mothers) gave birth to offspring whose subcutaneous adipose tissue, at adolescence, appeared hyperactive compared to controls. This study concluded that mothers, who gained more than the recommended weight gain in mid and late gestation, put their offspring adipose tissue at risk of dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Giblin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co.Cork, Ireland.
| | - Christian Darimont
- Nestlé Research Centre, Nutrition & Health Research Department, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Patricia Leone
- Nestlé Research Centre, Nutrition & Health Research Department, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Louise B McNamara
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co.Cork, Ireland.
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | - Florence Blancher
- Nestlé Research Centre, Nutrition & Health Research Department, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Donagh Berry
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | | | - Peadar G Lawlor
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li X, Song N, Wang D, Han X, Lv Q, Ouyang H, Li Z. Isoform-specific imprinting of the MEST gene in porcine parthenogenetic fetuses. Gene 2015; 558:287-90. [PMID: 25598283 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of imprinted genes is the main reason for developmental retardation in mammalian parthenogenetic fetuses. Mesoderm specific transcript (MEST) is a maternally imprinted gene that is linked to cancer and is necessary for normal early embryonic development. Tissue and isoform-specific imprinting of MEST have been identified in humans and mice, but have not yet been identified in pigs. In this study, the three isoforms of porcine MEST were identified using the GenBank and Ensembl sequence databases. Then, we determined MEST isoform-specific mRNA expression and methylation levels by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and bisulfite sequencing PCR analysis (BSP) between porcine parthenogenetic (PA) and control (Con) fetuses, respectively. Altogether, our results demonstrated that the expression of MEST-1A and MEST-1B has no evident differences between PA and Con groups; however, there is no expression of MEST-1C in PA fetuses. In addition, the results of BSP showed that the hypermethylation of exon 1c of MEST-1C was observed in PA samples. Thus, we suggested that MEST-1C was isoform-specific imprinting, which may be contributed to differential methylation status of exon 1c in porcine fetuses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Nan Song
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiaolei Han
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qingyan Lv
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Zhanjun Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abraham NG, Sodhi K, Silvis AM, Vanella L, Favero G, Rezzani R, Lee C, Zeldin DC, Schwartzman ML. CYP2J2 targeting to endothelial cells attenuates adiposity and vascular dysfunction in mice fed a high-fat diet by reprogramming adipocyte phenotype. Hypertension 2014; 64:1352-61. [PMID: 25245389 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic and a common risk factor for endothelial dysfunction and the subsequent development of diabetes mellitus and vascular diseases such as hypertension. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are cytochrome P450 (CYP)-derived metabolites of arachidonic acid that contribute to vascular protection by stimulating vasodilation and inhibiting inflammation. Heme oxygenase-1 is a stress response protein that plays an important cytoprotective role against oxidative insult in diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. We recently demonstrated interplay between EETs and heme oxygenase-1 in the attenuation of adipogenesis. We examined whether adipocyte dysfunction in mice fed a high-fat diet could be prevented by endothelial-specific targeting of the human CYP epoxygenase, CYP2J2. Tie2-CYP2J2 transgenic mice, fed a high-fat diet, had a reduction in body weight gain, blood glucose, insulin levels, and inflammatory markers. Tie2-CYP2J2 gene targeting restored HF-mediated decreases in vascular heme oxygenase-1, Cyp2C44, soluble epoxide hydrolase, phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase, phosphorylated protein kinase B, and phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate protein kinase protein expression, thus improving vascular function. These changes translated into decreased inflammation and oxidative stress within adipose tissue and decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha, mesoderm-specific transcript, and adipocyte 2 expression and increased uncoupling protein 1 and uncoupling protein 2 expression, reflecting the effect of vascular EET overproduction on adipogenesis. The current study documents a direct link between endothelial-specific EET production and adipogenesis, further implicating the EET-heme oxygenase-1 crosstalk as an important cytoprotective mechanism in the amelioration of vascular and adipocyte dysfunction resulting from diet-induced obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nader G Abraham
- From the Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla (N.G.A., M.L.S.); Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV (K.S., A.M.S.); Biochemistry Section and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy (L.V.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.F., R.R.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.L., D.C.Z.).
| | - Komal Sodhi
- From the Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla (N.G.A., M.L.S.); Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV (K.S., A.M.S.); Biochemistry Section and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy (L.V.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.F., R.R.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.L., D.C.Z.)
| | - Anne M Silvis
- From the Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla (N.G.A., M.L.S.); Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV (K.S., A.M.S.); Biochemistry Section and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy (L.V.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.F., R.R.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.L., D.C.Z.)
| | - Luca Vanella
- From the Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla (N.G.A., M.L.S.); Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV (K.S., A.M.S.); Biochemistry Section and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy (L.V.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.F., R.R.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.L., D.C.Z.)
| | - Gaia Favero
- From the Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla (N.G.A., M.L.S.); Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV (K.S., A.M.S.); Biochemistry Section and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy (L.V.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.F., R.R.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.L., D.C.Z.)
| | - Rita Rezzani
- From the Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla (N.G.A., M.L.S.); Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV (K.S., A.M.S.); Biochemistry Section and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy (L.V.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.F., R.R.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.L., D.C.Z.)
| | - Craig Lee
- From the Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla (N.G.A., M.L.S.); Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV (K.S., A.M.S.); Biochemistry Section and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy (L.V.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.F., R.R.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.L., D.C.Z.)
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- From the Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla (N.G.A., M.L.S.); Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV (K.S., A.M.S.); Biochemistry Section and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy (L.V.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.F., R.R.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.L., D.C.Z.)
| | - Michal L Schwartzman
- From the Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla (N.G.A., M.L.S.); Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV (K.S., A.M.S.); Biochemistry Section and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy (L.V.); Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Division of Anatomy and Physiopathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (G.F., R.R.); Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.L., D.C.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
HO-1 Upregulation Attenuates Adipocyte Dysfunction, Obesity, and Isoprostane Levels in Mice Fed High Fructose Diets. J Nutr Metab 2014; 2014:980547. [PMID: 25295182 PMCID: PMC4175747 DOI: 10.1155/2014/980547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Fructose metabolism is an unregulated metabolic pathway and excessive fructose consumption is known to activate ROS. HO-1 is a potent antioxidant gene that plays a key role in decreasing ROS and isoprostanes. We examined whether the fructose-mediated increase in adipocyte dysfunction involves an increase in isoprostanes and that pharmacological induction of HO-1 would decrease both isoprostane levels and adipogenesis. Methods and Results. We examined the effect of fructose, on adipogenesis in human MSCs in the presence and absence of CoPP, an inducer of HO-1. Fructose increased adipogenesis and the number of large lipid droplets while decreasing the number of small lipid droplets (P < 0.05). Levels of heme and isoprostane in fructose treated MSC-derived adipocytes were increased. CoPP reversed these effects and markedly increased HO-1 and the Wnt signaling pathway. The high fructose diet increased heme levels in adipose tissue and increased circulating isoprostane levels (P < 0.05 versus control). Fructose diets decreased HO-1 and adiponectin levels in adipose tissue. Induction of HO-1 by CoPP decreased isoprostane synthesis (P < 0.05 versus fructose). Conclusion. Fructose treatment resulted in increased isoprostane production and adipocyte dysfunction, which was reversed by the increased expression of HO-1.
Collapse
|
29
|
Padmanabhan N, Jia D, Geary-Joo C, Wu X, Ferguson-Smith AC, Fung E, Bieda MC, Snyder FF, Gravel RA, Cross JC, Watson ED. Mutation in folate metabolism causes epigenetic instability and transgenerational effects on development. Cell 2013; 155:81-93. [PMID: 24074862 PMCID: PMC3844871 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The importance of maternal folate consumption for normal development is well established, yet the molecular mechanism linking folate metabolism to development remains poorly understood. The enzyme methionine synthase reductase (Mtrr) is necessary for utilization of methyl groups from the folate cycle. We found that a hypomorphic mutation of the mouse Mtrr gene results in intrauterine growth restriction, developmental delay, and congenital malformations, including neural tube, heart, and placental defects. Importantly, these defects were dependent upon the Mtrr genotypes of the maternal grandparents. Furthermore, we observed widespread epigenetic instability associated with altered gene expression in the placentas of wild-type grandprogeny of Mtrr-deficient maternal grandparents. Embryo transfer experiments revealed that Mtrr deficiency in mice lead to two distinct, separable phenotypes: adverse effects on their wild-type daughters' uterine environment, leading to growth defects in wild-type grandprogeny, and the appearance of congenital malformations independent of maternal environment that persist for five generations, likely through transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Padmanabhan
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Dongxin Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Colleen Geary-Joo
- Transgenic Services, Clara Christie Centre for Mouse Genomics, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Xuchu Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Anne C. Ferguson-Smith
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Ernest Fung
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mark C. Bieda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute for Child & Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Floyd F. Snyder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute for Child & Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Roy A. Gravel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute for Child & Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - James C. Cross
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute for Child & Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Erica D. Watson
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lehnen H, Zechner U, Haaf T. Epigenetics of gestational diabetes mellitus and offspring health: the time for action is in early stages of life. Mol Hum Reprod 2013; 19:415-22. [PMID: 23515667 PMCID: PMC3690806 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gat020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemic increase of type 2 diabetes and obesity in developed countries cannot be explained by overnutrition, physical inactivity and/or genetic factors alone. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that an adverse intrauterine environment, in particular a shortage or excess of nutrients is associated with increased risks for many complex diseases later in life. An impressive example for the 'fetal origins of adult disease' is gestational diabetes mellitus which usually presents in 1% to >10% of third trimester pregnancies. Intrauterine hyperglycemia is not only associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality, but also with increased lifelong risks of the exposed offspring for obesity, metabolic, cardiovascular and malignant diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that fetal overnutrition (and similarly undernutrition) lead to persistent epigenetic changes in developmentally important genes, influencing neuroendocrine functions, energy homeostasis and metabolism. The concept of fetal programming has important implications for reproductive medicine. Because during early development the epigenome is much more vulnerable to environmental cues than later in life, avoiding adverse environmental factors in the periconceptional and intrauterine period may be much more important for the prevention of adult disease than any (i.e. dietetic) measures in infants and adults. A successful pregnancy should not primarily be defined by the outcome at birth but also by the health status in later life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Lehnen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Municipal Clinics, Hafenstrasse 100, 41239 Moenchengladbach, Germany
| | - Ulrich Zechner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University Wuerzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
El Hajj N, Pliushch G, Schneider E, Dittrich M, Müller T, Korenkov M, Aretz M, Zechner U, Lehnen H, Haaf T. Metabolic programming of MEST DNA methylation by intrauterine exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 2013; 62:1320-8. [PMID: 23209187 PMCID: PMC3609586 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic processes are primary candidates when searching for mechanisms that can stably modulate gene expression and metabolic pathways according to early life conditions. To test the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the epigenome of the next generation, cord blood and placenta tissue were obtained from 88 newborns of mothers with dietetically treated GDM, 98 with insulin-dependent GDM, and 65 without GDM. Bisulfite pyrosequencing was used to compare the methylation levels of seven imprinted genes involved in prenatal and postnatal growth, four genes involved in energy metabolism, one anti-inflammatory gene, one tumor suppressor gene, one pluripotency gene, and two repetitive DNA families. The maternally imprinted MEST gene, the nonimprinted glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1 gene, and interspersed ALU repeats showed significantly decreased methylation levels (4-7 percentage points for MEST, 1-2 for NR3C1, and one for ALUs) in both GDM groups, compared with controls, in both analyzed tissues. Significantly decreased blood MEST methylation (3 percentage points) also was observed in adults with morbid obesity compared with normal-weight controls. Our results support the idea that intrauterine exposure to GDM has long-lasting effects on the epigenome of the offspring. Specifically, epigenetic malprogramming of MEST may contribute to obesity predisposition throughout life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nady El Hajj
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Galyna Pliushch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eberhard Schneider
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Dittrich
- Department of Bioinformatics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Müller
- Department of Bioinformatics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Melanie Aretz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Municipal Clinics, Moenchengladbach, Germany
| | - Ulrich Zechner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Harald Lehnen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Municipal Clinics, Moenchengladbach, Germany
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
- Corresponding author: Thomas Haaf,
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Increased heme-oxygenase 1 expression in mesenchymal stem cell-derived adipocytes decreases differentiation and lipid accumulation via upregulation of the canonical Wnt signaling cascade. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:28. [PMID: 23497794 PMCID: PMC3706794 DOI: 10.1186/scrt176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heme oxygenase (HO), a major cytoprotective enzyme, attenuates oxidative stress and obesity. The canonical Wnt signaling cascade plays a pivotal role in the regulation of adipogenesis. The present study examined the interplay between HO-1and the Wnt canonical pathway in the modulation of adipogenesis in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived adipocytes. Methods To verify the role of HO-1 in generating small healthy adipocytes, cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), inducer of HO-1, was used during adipocyte differentiation. Lipid accumulation was measured by Oil red O staining and lipid droplet size was measured by BODIPY staining. Results During adipogenesis in vitro, differentiating pre-adipocytes display transient increases in the expression of genes involved in canonical Wnt signaling cascade. Increased levels of HO-1 expression and HO activity resulted in elevated levels of β-catenin, pGSK3β, Wnt10b, Pref-1, and shh along with increased levels of adiponectin (P < 0.05). In addition, induction of HO-1 resulted in a reduction in C/EBPα, PPARγ, Peg-1/Mest, aP2, CD36 expression and lipid accumulation (P < 0.05). Suppression of HO-1 gene by siRNA decreased Wnt10b, pGSK3β and β-catenin expression, and increased lipid accumulation. The canonical Wnt responsive genes, IL-8 and SFRP1, were upregulated by CoPP and their expression was decreased by the concurrent administration of tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP), an inhibitor of HO activity. Furthermore, knockdown of Wnt10b gene expression by using siRNA showed increased lipid accumulation, and this effect was not decreased by concurrent treatment with CoPP. Also our results show that blocking the Wnt 10b antagonist, Dickkopf 1 (Dkk-1), by siRNA decreased lipid accumulation and this effect was further enhanced by concurrent administration of CoPP. Conclusions This is the first study to demonstrate that HO-1 acts upstream of canonical Wnt signaling cascade and decreases lipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation suggesting that the HO-1 mediated increase in Wnt10b can modulate the adipocyte phenotype by regulating the transcriptional factors that play a role in adipogenesis. This is evidenced by a decrease in lipid accumulation and inflammatory cytokine levels, increased adiponectin levels and elevation of the expression of genes of the canonical Wnt signaling cascade.
Collapse
|
33
|
Kadota Y, Yanagawa M, Nakaya T, Kawakami T, Sato M, Suzuki S. Gene expression of mesoderm-specific transcript is upregulated as preadipocytes differentiate to adipocytes in vitro. J Physiol Sci 2012; 62:403-11. [PMID: 22753118 PMCID: PMC10717349 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-012-0217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mesoderm-specific transcript (Mest) is a distinct gene associated with adipocyte differentiation and proliferation. The mechanisms regulating expression of the Mest gene are not established. Therefore, we investigated Mest gene expression during adipogenic differentiation in murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipose-derived stromal cells (ADCs) from C57BL/6J mouse adipose tissue. Expression of Mest mRNA increased significantly in 3T3-L1 cells during differentiation. Additionally, Mest mRNA expression levels were additively enhanced by the inhibition of DNA methylation. Expression levels of the Mest gene were also markedly elevated in differentiating ADCs in vitro. Additionally, we showed that Mest mRNA can be upregulated by increasing intracellular cAMP, and that Mest expression is suppressed by inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA). Mest expression was regulated through cAMP-dependent PKA pathways during differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes in vitro, supporting the critical role of Mest in proliferation and differentiation of adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Kadota
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
There is evidence that expression and methylation of the imprinted paternally expressed gene 1/mesoderm-specific transcript homologue (PEG1/MEST) gene may be affected by assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and infertility. In this study, we sought to assess the imprinting status of the MEST gene in a large cohort of in vitro-derived human preimplantation embryos, in order to characterise potentially adverse effects of ART and infertility on this locus in early human development. Embryonic genomic DNA from morula or blastocyst stage embryos was screened for a transcribed AflIII polymorphism in MEST and imprinting analysis was then performed in cDNA libraries derived from these embryos. In 10 heterozygous embryos, MEST expression was monoallelic in seven embryos, predominantly monoallelic in two embryos, and biallelic in one embryo. Screening of cDNA derived from 61 additional human preimplantation embryos, for which DNA for genotyping was unavailable, identified eight embryos with expression originating from both alleles (biallelic or predominantly monoallelic). In some embryos, therefore, the onset of imprinted MEST expression occurs during late preimplantation development. Variability in MEST imprinting was observed in both in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection-derived embryos. Biallelic or predominantly monoallelic MEST expression was not associated with any one cause of infertility. Characterisation of the main MEST isoforms revealed that isoform 2 was detected in early development and was itself variably imprinted between embryos. To our knowledge, this report constitutes the largest expression study to date of genomic imprinting in human preimplantation embryos and reveals that for some imprinted genes, contrasting imprinting states exist between embryos.
Collapse
|
35
|
Cao J, Peterson SJ, Sodhi K, Vanella L, Barbagallo I, Rodella LF, Schwartzman ML, Abraham NG, Kappas A. Heme oxygenase gene targeting to adipocytes attenuates adiposity and vascular dysfunction in mice fed a high-fat diet. Hypertension 2012; 60:467-75. [PMID: 22753217 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.112.193805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We examined the hypothesis that adipocyte dysfunction in mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet can be prevented by lentiviral-mediated and adipocyte specific-targeting delivery of the human heme oxygenase-1 (aP2-HO-1). A bolus intracardial injection of aP2-HO-1 resulted in expression of human HO-1 for up to 9.5 months. Transduction of aP2-HO-1 increased human HO-1 expression in fat tissues without affecting murine HO-1. In mice fed a HF diet, aP2-HO-1 transduction attenuated the increases in body weight, blood glucose, blood pressure, and inflammatory cytokines, as well as the content of both visceral and subcutaneous fat. Transduction of aP2-HO-1 increased the numbers of adipocytes of small cell size (P<0.05), insulin sensitivity (P<0.05), adiponectin levels, as well as vascular relaxation to acetylcholine compared with HF mice administered the aP2-green fluorescent protein. Adipocytes of mice fed a HF diet expressed high levels of peroxisome proliferator activator receptor, aP2, C/EBP, and Wnt5b proteins and displayed marked increases in Peg1/Mesoderm specific transcript (P<0.03). Transduction of aP2-HO-1 lowered the elevated levels of these proteins and increased Sonic hedgehog, Wnt10b, and β-catenin (P<0.05). Inhibition of HO activity by administration of tin mesoporphyrin to HF-fed mice transduced with the aP2-HO-1 reversed the decrease in Peg1/Mesoderm-specific transcript, TNFα, and MCP-1 levels. Collectively, this novel study demonstrates that adipocyte-specific overexpression of HO-1 attenuates HF-mediated adiposity and vascular dysfunction; increases insulin sensitivity; and improves adipocyte function by increasing adiponectin, Shh, and WNT10b, and by decreasing inflammatory cytokines. These effects are reversed by the HO activity inhibitor, stannous mesoporphyrin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vanella L, Li M, Kim D, Malfa G, Bellner L, Kawakami T, Abraham NG. ApoA1: mimetic peptide reverses adipocyte dysfunction in vivo and in vitro via an increase in heme oxygenase (HO-1) and Wnt10b. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:706-14. [PMID: 22306989 DOI: 10.4161/cc.11.4.19125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a risk factor in the development of type 2 diabetes and is a major cause of atherosclerosis. Reduction in heme oxygenase (HO-1) has been shown to exacerbate vascular dysfunction and insulin resistance in obese mice and involves a decrease in adiponectin levels. Adiponectin is released from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived adipocytes, its levels are decreased in type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that the apoA1 mimetic peptide, L-4F, will target the expression of the HO-1-adiponectin axis and reverse adipocyte dysfunction both in vivo and in vitro. The administration of L-4F [2 mg/Kg/daily (i.p.) for 4-week to 8-week-old obese (ob) mice restored adipocyte function, increased adiponectin release (p < 0.05) and decreased the levels of IL-1 and IL-6 (p < 0.05)]. These perturbations were associated with an increase in insulin sensitivity (p < 0.01 vs. untreated ob mice) and decreased glucose levels (309 + 42 vs. 201 + 8 mg/d after L-4F treatment). Treatment of both mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived adipocytes with L-4F (50 μg/ml) increased adiponectin (p < 0.05), decreased IL-1 and IL-6 (p < 0.05) levels and increased MSC-derived adipocyte cell numbers by 50% in S phase (p < 0.05). MSC-derived adipocytes treated with L-4F increased WNT10b and decreased Peg 1/Mest. Inhibition of HO activity reversed the decrease in the adipogenic response gene, Peg 1/Mest. An increase of HO-1 expression by L-4F increased insulin-receptor phosphorylation. These findings support the hypothesis that L-4F increases early adipocyte markers, HO-1-adiponectin, WNT10b and decreases Peg1/Mest, negative regulators of adipocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Vanella
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Identification of target genes for wild type and truncated HMGA2 in mesenchymal stem-like cells. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:329. [PMID: 20576167 PMCID: PMC2912264 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The HMGA2 gene, coding for an architectural transcription factor involved in mesenchymal embryogenesis, is frequently deranged by translocation and/or amplification in mesenchymal tumours, generally leading to over-expression of shortened transcripts and a truncated protein. METHODS To identify pathways that are affected by sarcoma-associated variants of HMGA2, we have over-expressed wild type and truncated HMGA2 protein in an immortalized mesenchymal stem-like cell (MSC) line, and investigated the localisation of these proteins and their effects on differentiation and gene expression patterns. RESULTS Over-expression of both transgenes blocked adipogenic differentiation of these cells, and microarray analysis revealed clear changes in gene expression patterns, more pronounced for the truncated protein. Most of the genes that showed altered expression in the HMGA2-overexpressing cells fell into the group of NF-kappaB-target genes, suggesting a central role for HMGA2 in this pathway. Of particular interest was the pronounced up-regulation of SSX1, already implicated in mesenchymal oncogenesis and stem cell functions, only in cells expressing the truncated protein. Furthermore, over-expression of both HMGA2 forms was associated with a strong repression of the epithelial marker CD24, consistent with the reported low level of CD24 in cancer stem cells. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the c-terminal part of HMGA2 has important functions at least in mesenchymal cells, and the changes in gene expression resulting from overexpressing a protein lacking this domain may add to the malignant potential of sarcomas.
Collapse
|
38
|
Tamashiro KLK, Moran TH. Perinatal environment and its influences on metabolic programming of offspring. Physiol Behav 2010; 100:560-6. [PMID: 20394764 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The intrauterine environment supports the development and health of offspring. Perturbations to this environment can have detrimental effects on the fetus that have persistent pathological consequences through adolescence and adulthood. The developmental origins of the health and disease concept, also known as the "Barker Hypothesis", has been put forth to describe the increased incidence of chronic disease such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes in humans and animals exposed to a less than ideal intrauterine environment. Maternal infection, poor or excess nutrition, and stressful events can negatively influence the development of different cell types, tissues and organ systems ultimately predisposing the organism to pathological conditions. Although there are a variety of conditions associated to exposure to altered intrauterine environments, the focus of this review will be on the consequences of stress and high fat diet during the pre- and perinatal periods and associated outcomes related to obesity and other metabolic conditions. We further discuss possible neuroendocrine and epigenetic mechanisms responsible for the metabolic programming of offspring. The paper represents an invited review by a symposium, award winner or keynote speaker at the Society for the Study of Ingestive Behavior [SSIB] Annual Meeting in Portland, July 2009.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kellie L K Tamashiro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross 618, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Koza RA, Rogers P, Kozak LP. Inter-individual variation of dietary fat-induced mesoderm specific transcript in adipose tissue within inbred mice is not caused by altered promoter methylation. Epigenetics 2010; 4:512-8. [PMID: 19875931 DOI: 10.4161/epi.4.7.10031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesoderm specific transcript (Mest), an imprinted gene associated with fat mass expansion under conditions of positive energy balance, shows highly variable expression (approximately 80-fold) in white adipose tissue (WAT) of C57BL/6J (B6) mice fed an obesogenic diet. Since B6 mice are essentially genetically invariant and Mest is known to be regulated by CpG methylation within its immediate proximal promoter, the large variability in its expression in adipose tissue has the hallmarks of being controlled via an epigenetic mechanism. In this study, bisulfite sequencing and allelic discrimination analyses were performed to determine whether variations in CpG methylation within the Mest promoter were associated with its expression. Results showed no relationship between CpG methylation in the Mest promoter and high versus low expression in either WAT or isolated adipocytes; and, experiments using a single nucleotide polymorphism in the Mest promoter region between B6 and Castaneus mice showed the expected pattern for an imprinted gene with all maternal alleles being methylated. These data suggest that mechanisms independent of the CpG methylation status of the Mest promoter must underlie the control of its expression during adipose tissue expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Koza
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kamei Y, Suganami T, Ehara T, Kanai S, Hayashi K, Yamamoto Y, Miura S, Ezaki O, Okano M, Ogawa Y. Increased expression of DNA methyltransferase 3a in obese adipose tissue: studies with transgenic mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18:314-21. [PMID: 19680236 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are likely to be involved in the development of obesity. This study was designed to examine the role of a DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt3a), in obese adipose tissue. The gene expression of Dnmts was examined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Transgenic mice overexpressing Dnmt3a in the adipose tissue driven by the aP2 promoter were created (Dnmt3a mice). DNA methylation of downregulated genes was examined using bisulfite DNA methylation analysis. Dnmt3a mice were fed a methyl-supplemented or high-fat diet, and subjected to body weight measurement and gene expression analysis of the adipose tissue. Expression of Dnmt3a was markedly upregulated in the adipose tissue of obese mice. The complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray analysis of Dnmt3a mice revealed a slight decrease in the gene expression of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) and marked increase in that of interferon responsive factor 9 (IRF9). In the SFRP1 promoter, DNA methylation was not markedly increased in Dnmt3a mice relative to wild-type mice. In experiments with a high-fat diet or methyl-supplemented diet, body weight did not differ significantly with the genotypes. Gene expression levels of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were higher in Dnmt3a mice than in wild-type mice on a high-fat diet. This study suggests that increased expression of Dnmt3a in the adipose tissue may contribute to obesity-related inflammation. The data highlight the potential role of Dnmt3a in the adult tissue as well as in the developing embryo and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomi Kamei
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Abstract
Common DNA sequence variants inadequately explain variability in fat mass among individuals. Abnormal body weights are characteristic of specific imprinted-gene disorders. However, the relevance of imprinted genes to our understanding of obesity among the general population is uncertain. Hitherto unidentified imprinted genes and epigenetic mosaicism are two of the challenges for this emerging field of epigenetics. Subtle epigenetic differences in imprinted genes and gene networks are likely to be present among cells, tissues and individuals. In order to advance obesity research it will be necessary to use genome-wide, next-generation sequencing approaches that allow the detection of such epigenetic differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Stöger
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, 156 Kincaid Hall, Box 351800, Seattle, WA, 98195-1800, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ohnishi S, Okabe K, Obata H, Otani K, Ishikane S, Ogino H, Kitamura S, Nagaya N. Involvement of tazarotene-induced gene 1 in proliferation and differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Prolif 2009; 42:309-16. [PMID: 19250291 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2008.00592.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have both self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential, and bone marrow-derived MSC have been applied for tissue regeneration and repair. Although adipose tissue-derived MSC (ASC) have emerged as an alternative cell source, little information is available regarding the biologic difference between ASC derived from visceral and subcutaneous fat. Therefore, we aimed to compare the proliferation and gene expression profile of cultured human visceral ASC (VASC) and subcutaneous ASC (SASC), and to identify a novel gene involved in proliferation and differentiation of ASC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed microarray analysis of cultured VASC and SASC, and investigated the role of tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1), a most differentially expressed gene, in the proliferation and differentiation of ASC. RESULTS SASC proliferated faster than VASC for over 10 passages, and TIG1 expression was consistently up-regulated in VASC of humans, rats and mice. Overexpression of the TIG1 gene in human SASC inhibited cell proliferation, whereas knockdown of TIG1 expression by siRNA promoted cell proliferation. In addition, overexpression of the TIG1 gene in SASC enhanced their differentiation into adipocytes, and promoted up-regulation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha. On the other hand, TIG1 overexpression in SASC inhibited their differentiation into osteocytes and the expression of osteocalcin. CONCLUSION TIG1 plays an important role in regulating proliferation and differentiation of ASC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ohnishi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kadota Y, Kawakami T, Suzuki S, Sato M. Involvement of Mesoderm-specific Transcript in Cell Growth of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.55.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Kadota
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | | | - Shinya Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Masao Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jamieson SE, de Roubaix LA, Cortina-Borja M, Tan HK, Mui EJ, Cordell HJ, Kirisits MJ, Miller EN, Peacock CS, Hargrave AC, Coyne JJ, Boyer K, Bessieres MH, Buffolano W, Ferret N, Franck J, Kieffer F, Meier P, Nowakowska DE, Paul M, Peyron F, Stray-Pedersen B, Prusa AR, Thulliez P, Wallon M, Petersen E, McLeod R, Gilbert RE, Blackwell JM. Genetic and epigenetic factors at COL2A1 and ABCA4 influence clinical outcome in congenital toxoplasmosis. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2285. [PMID: 18523590 PMCID: PMC2390765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Primary Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy can be transmitted to the fetus. At birth, infected infants may have intracranial calcification, hydrocephalus, and retinochoroiditis, and new ocular lesions can occur at any age after birth. Not all children who acquire infection in utero develop these clinical signs of disease. Whilst severity of disease is influenced by trimester in which infection is acquired by the mother, other factors including genetic predisposition may contribute. Methods and Findings In 457 mother-child pairs from Europe, and 149 child/parent trios from North America, we show that ocular and brain disease in congenital toxoplasmosis associate with polymorphisms in ABCA4 encoding ATP-binding cassette transporter, subfamily A, member 4. Polymorphisms at COL2A1 encoding type II collagen associate only with ocular disease. Both loci showed unusual inheritance patterns for the disease allele when comparing outcomes in heterozygous affected children with outcomes in affected children of heterozygous mothers. Modeling suggested either an effect of mother's genotype, or parent-of-origin effects. Experimental studies showed that both ABCA4 and COL2A1 show isoform-specific epigenetic modifications consistent with imprinting. Conclusions These associations between clinical outcomes of congenital toxoplasmosis and polymorphisms at ABCA4 and COL2A1 provide novel insight into the molecular pathways that can be affected by congenital infection with this parasite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarra E. Jamieson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lee-Anne de Roubaix
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Cortina-Borja
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hooi Kuan Tan
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ernest J. Mui
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Medicine, Pediatrics, Committees on Immunology, Molecular Medicine, and Genetics, University of Chicago, and Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Heather J. Cordell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Kirisits
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Medicine, Pediatrics, Committees on Immunology, Molecular Medicine, and Genetics, University of Chicago, and Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - E. Nancy Miller
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher S. Peacock
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aubrey C. Hargrave
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Medicine, Pediatrics, Committees on Immunology, Molecular Medicine, and Genetics, University of Chicago, and Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jessica J. Coyne
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Medicine, Pediatrics, Committees on Immunology, Molecular Medicine, and Genetics, University of Chicago, and Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Boyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Wilma Buffolano
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Naples "Frederico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Nicole Ferret
- Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Hopital Archet II, Nice, France
| | | | - François Kieffer
- Department of Paediatrics, Institut de Puériculture, Paris, France
| | - Paul Meier
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dorota E. Nowakowska
- Department of Fetal-Maternal Medicine and Gynecology, Medical University, Lodz, Rzgowska, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Paul
- Department and Clinic of Tropical and Parasitic Diseases, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - François Peyron
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Parasitologie, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Babill Stray-Pedersen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet, Sognsvannsvn, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrea-Romana Prusa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Congenital Disorders and Intensive Care, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Martine Wallon
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Parasitologie, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France
| | - Eskild Petersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rima McLeod
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Medicine, Pediatrics, Committees on Immunology, Molecular Medicine, and Genetics, University of Chicago, and Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ruth E. Gilbert
- Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenefer M. Blackwell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Davuluri RV, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Plass C, Huang THM. The functional consequences of alternative promoter use in mammalian genomes. Trends Genet 2008; 24:167-77. [PMID: 18329129 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2008.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We are beginning to appreciate the increasing complexity of mammalian gene structure. A phenomenon that adds an important dimension to this complexity is the use of alternative gene promoters that drive widespread cell type, tissue type or developmental gene regulation. Recent annotations of the human genome suggest that almost one half of the protein-coding genes contain alternative promoters, including those of many disease-associated genes. Aberrant use of one promoter over another has been found to be associated with various diseases, including cancer. Here we discuss the functional consequences of use and misuse of alternative promoters in normal and disease genomes and review the molecular mechanisms regulating alternative promoter use in mammalian genomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramana V Davuluri
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|