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Liu PJ, Sayeeda K, Zhuang C, Krendel M. Roles of myosin 1e and the actin cytoskeleton in kidney functions and familial kidney disease. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38708443 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian kidneys are responsible for removing metabolic waste and maintaining fluid and electrolyte homeostasis via selective filtration. One of the proteins closely linked to selective renal filtration is myosin 1e (Myo1e), an actin-dependent molecular motor found in the specialized kidney epithelial cells involved in the assembly and maintenance of the renal filter. Point mutations in the gene encoding Myo1e, MYO1E, have been linked to familial kidney disease, and Myo1e knockout in mice leads to the disruption of selective filtration. In this review, we discuss the role of the actin cytoskeleton in renal filtration, the known and hypothesized functions of Myo1e, and the possible explanations for the impact of MYO1E mutations on renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ju Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Kazi Sayeeda
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Cindy Zhuang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Mira Krendel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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2
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Xu M, Rutkowski DM, Rebowski G, Boczkowska M, Pollard LW, Dominguez R, Vavylonis D, Ostap EM. Myosin-I Synergizes with Arp2/3 Complex to Enhance Pushing Forces of Branched Actin Networks. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.09.579714. [PMID: 38405741 PMCID: PMC10888859 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.09.579714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Myosin-Is colocalize with Arp2/3 complex-nucleated actin networks at sites of membrane protrusion and invagination, but the mechanisms by which myosin-I motor activity coordinates with branched actin assembly to generate force are unknown. We mimicked the interplay of these proteins using the "comet tail" bead motility assay, where branched actin networks are nucleated by Arp2/3 complex on the surface of beads coated with myosin-I and the WCA domain of N-WASP. We observed that myosin-I increased bead movement efficiency by thinning actin networks without affecting growth rates. Remarkably, myosin-I triggered symmetry breaking and comet-tail formation in dense networks resistant to spontaneous fracturing. Even with arrested actin assembly, myosin-I alone could break the network. Computational modeling recapitulated these observations suggesting myosin-I acts as a repulsive force shaping the network's architecture and boosting its force-generating capacity. We propose that myosin-I leverages its power stroke to amplify the forces generated by Arp2/3 complex-nucleated actin networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Xu
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Grzegorz Rebowski
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Malgorzata Boczkowska
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Luther W Pollard
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Roberto Dominguez
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - E Michael Ostap
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Garone ME, Chase SE, Zhang C, Krendel M. Myosin 1e deficiency affects migration of 4T1 breast cancer cells. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023:10.1002/cm.21819. [PMID: 38140937 PMCID: PMC11193843 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis of breast cancer cells to distant tissue sites is responsible for the majority of deaths associated with breast cancer. Previously we have examined the role of class I myosin motor protein, myosin 1e (myo1e), in cancer metastasis using the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus-Polyoma Middle T Antigen (MMTV-PyMT) mouse model. Mice deficient in myo1e formed tumors with a more differentiated phenotype relative to the wild-type mice and formed no detectable lung metastases. In the current study, we investigated how the absence of myo1e affects cell migration and invasion in vitro, using the highly invasive and migratory breast cancer cell line, 4T1. 4T1 cells deficient in myo1e exhibited an altered morphology and slower rates of migration in the wound-healing and transwell migration assays compared to the WT 4T1 cells. While integrin trafficking and Golgi reorientation did not appear to be altered upon myo1e loss, we observed lower rates of focal adhesion disassembly in myo1e-deficient cells, which could help explain the cell migration defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Garone
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Sharon E. Chase
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Mira Krendel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
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Huang L, Zhang Y, Fu H, Gu W, Mao J. A missense mutant of ocrl1 promotes apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells and disrupts endocytosis and the cell cycle of podocytes in Dent-2 Disease. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:256. [PMID: 38049819 PMCID: PMC10696739 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify an orcl1 mutation in a patient with Dent-2 Disease and investigate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The ocrl1 mutation was identified through exome sequencing. Knockdown of orcl1 and overexpression of the orcl1 mutant were performed in HK-2 and MPC5 cells to study its function, while flow cytometry measured reactive oxygen species (ROS), phosphatidylserine levels, and cell apoptosis. Scanning electron microscopy observed crystal adhesion, while transmission electron microscopy examined kidney tissue pathology. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to examine endocytosis, and immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence assays detected protein expression. Additionally, podocyte-specific orcl1 knockout mice were generated to investigate the role of orcl1 in vivo. RESULTS We identified a mutation resulting in the replacement of Histidine with Arginine at position 318 (R318H) in ocrl1 in the proband. orcl1 was widely expressed in the kidney. In vitro experiments showed that knockdown of orcl1 and overexpression of ocrl1 mutant increased ROS, phosphatidylserine exocytosis, crystal adhesion, and cell apoptosis in HK-2 cells. Knockdown of orcl1 in podocytes reduced endocytosis and disrupted the cell cycle while increasing cell migration. In vivo studies in mice showed that conditional deletion of orcl1 in podocytes caused glomerular dysfunction, including proteinuria and fibrosis. CONCLUSION This study identified an R318H mutation in orcl1 in a patient with Dent-2 Disease. This mutation may contribute to renal injury by promoting ROS production and inducing cell apoptosis in tubular cells, while disrupting endocytosis and the cell cycle, and promoting cell migration of podocytes. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Center of Pediatric Nephrology of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haidong Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weizhong Gu
- Department of Pathologyology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
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Pedersen RT, Snoberger A, Pyrpassopoulos S, Safer D, Drubin DG, Ostap EM. Endocytic myosin-1 is a force-insensitive, power-generating motor. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202303095. [PMID: 37549220 PMCID: PMC10406613 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202303095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosins are required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, but their precise molecular roles in this process are not known. This is, in part, because the biophysical properties of the relevant motors have not been investigated. Myosins have diverse mechanochemical activities, ranging from powerful contractility against mechanical loads to force-sensitive anchoring. To better understand the essential molecular contribution of myosin to endocytosis, we studied the in vitro force-dependent kinetics of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae endocytic type I myosin called Myo5, a motor whose role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis has been meticulously studied in vivo. We report that Myo5 is a low-duty-ratio motor that is activated ∼10-fold by phosphorylation and that its working stroke and actin-detachment kinetics are relatively force-insensitive. Strikingly, the in vitro mechanochemistry of Myo5 is more like that of cardiac myosin than that of slow anchoring myosin-1s found on endosomal membranes. We, therefore, propose that Myo5 generates power to augment actin assembly-based forces during endocytosis in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross T.A. Pedersen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Snoberger
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Serapion Pyrpassopoulos
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Safer
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David G. Drubin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - E. Michael Ostap
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Liu S, Liu P, Fei X, Zhu C, Hou J, Wang X, Pan Y. Analysis and validation of the potential of the MYO1E gene in pancreatic adenocarcinoma based on a bioinformatics approach. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:285. [PMID: 37274465 PMCID: PMC10236097 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a common digestive cancer, and its prognosis is poor. Myosin 1E (MYO1E) is a class I myosin family member whose expression and function have not been reported in PAAD. In the present study, bioinformatics analysis was used to explore the expression levels of MYO1E in PAAD and its prognostic value, and the immunological role of MYO1E in PAAD was analyzed. The study revealed that a variety of malignancies have substantially increased MYO1E expression. Further investigation demonstrated that PAAD tissues exhibited greater levels of MYO1E mRNA and protein expression than normal tissues. High MYO1E expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with PAAD. MYO1E expression was also associated with pathological stage in patients with PAAD. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that MYO1E was linked to multiple tumor-related mechanisms in PAAD. The pancreatic adenocarcinoma tumor microenvironment (TME) was analyzed and it was revealed that MYO1E expression was positively associated with tumor immune cell infiltration. In addition, MYO1E was closely associated with some tumor chemokines/receptors and immune checkpoints. In vitro experiments revealed that the suppression of MYO1E expression could inhibit pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Through preliminary analysis, the present study evaluated the potential function of MYO1E in PAAD and its function in TME, and MYO1E may become a potential biomarker for PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbai Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R. China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Fei
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R. China
| | - Changhao Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R. China
| | - Junyi Hou
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R. China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R. China
| | - Yaozhen Pan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R. China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, P.R. China
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Pedersen RTA, Snoberger A, Pyrpassopoulos S, Safer D, Drubin DG, Ostap EM. Endocytic myosin-1 is a force-insensitive, power-generating motor. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.21.533689. [PMID: 36993306 PMCID: PMC10055380 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.21.533689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Myosins are required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, but their precise molecular roles in this process are not known. This is, in part, because the biophysical properties of the relevant motors have not been investigated. Myosins have diverse mechanochemical activities, ranging from powerful contractility against mechanical loads to force-sensitive anchoring. To better understand the essential molecular contribution of myosin to endocytosis, we studied the in vitro force-dependent kinetics of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae endocytic type I myosin called Myo5, a motor whose role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis has been meticulously studied in vivo. We report that Myo5 is a low-duty-ratio motor that is activated ∼10-fold by phosphorylation, and that its working stroke and actin-detachment kinetics are relatively force-insensitive. Strikingly, the in vitro mechanochemistry of Myo5 is more like that of cardiac myosin than like that of slow anchoring myosin-1s found on endosomal membranes. We therefore propose that Myo5 generates power to augment actin assembly-based forces during endocytosis in cells. Summary Pedersen, Snoberger et al. measure the force-sensitivity of the yeast endocytic the myosin-1 called Myo5 and find that it is more likely to generate power than to serve as a force-sensitive anchor in cells. Implications for Myo5's role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross TA Pedersen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Present address: Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Equal Contribution
| | - Aaron Snoberger
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Equal Contribution
| | - Serapion Pyrpassopoulos
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Daniel Safer
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - David G Drubin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - E Michael Ostap
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Li R, Dong W, Chen Y, Tang T, Zhao X, Zhang L, Liang X. Effect of cyclosporine A on focal segmental glomerulosclerosis caused by MYO1E mutation in a Chinese adult patient: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32683. [PMID: 36705362 PMCID: PMC9875993 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) describes a renal histologic lesion with diverse causes and pathogenicities. Monogenic abnormalities which are associated with impaired function of podocyte could result in FSGS. Most of genetic FSGS do not respond to immunosuppressive agents and often develop end-stage kidney disease. We reported a case of FSGS caused by myosin1e (MYO1E) mutation, alleviated by cyclosporine A (CsA) and low-dose glucocorticoid. PATIENT CONCERNS The patient was a 38-year-old male with nephrotic range proteinuria. He didn't respond to prednisone 65mg/day. Kidney biopsy in our hospital showed FSGS with several hypoplasia and tiny loops. In addition, focal thickening and disorganization of the glomerular gasement membrane as well as diffuse foot process effacement were observed in electron microscope. DIAGNOSES Genetic testing indicated homozygous deletion mutation of MYO1E. The patient was diagnosed with genetic FSGS caused by MYO1E homozygous mutation. INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated with CsA 50mg twice a day and low-dose methylprednisolone. OUTCOMES CsA and low-dose glucocorticoid dramatically reduced proteinuria, and partial remission was attained in 3 years follow-up. LESSONS MYO1E autosomal recessive mutation was a rare FSGS causative mutation that might benefit from CsA treatment. However, the long-term effect of CsA on FSGS caused by this mutation should be investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhao Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingwen Chen
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianwei Tang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinling Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * Correspondence: Xinling Liang, Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China (e-mail: )
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Johnson CA, Behbehani R, Buss F. Unconventional Myosins from Caenorhabditis elegans as a Probe to Study Human Orthologues. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121889. [PMID: 36551317 PMCID: PMC9775386 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconventional myosins are a superfamily of actin-based motor proteins that perform a number of roles in fundamental cellular processes, including (but not limited to) intracellular trafficking, cell motility, endocytosis, exocytosis and cytokinesis. 40 myosins genes have been identified in humans, which belong to different 12 classes based on their domain structure and organisation. These genes are widely expressed in different tissues, and mutations leading to loss of function are associated with a wide variety of pathologies while over-expression often results in cancer. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a small, free-living, non-parasitic nematode. ~38% of the genome of C. elegans has predicted orthologues in the human genome, making it a valuable tool to study the function of human counterparts and human diseases. To date, 8 unconventional myosin genes have been identified in the nematode, from 6 different classes with high homology to human paralogues. The hum-1 and hum-5 (heavy chain of an unconventional myosin) genes encode myosin of class I, hum-2 of class V, hum-3 and hum-8 of class VI, hum-6 of class VII and hum-7 of class IX. The hum-4 gene encodes a high molecular mass myosin (307 kDa) that is one of the most highly divergent myosins and is a member of class XII. Mutations in many of the human orthologues are lethal, indicating their essential properties. However, a functional characterisation for many of these genes in C. elegans has not yet been performed. This article reviews the current knowledge of unconventional myosin genes in C. elegans and explores the potential use of the nematode to study the function and regulation of myosin motors to provide valuable insights into their role in diseases.
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Diaz-Valencia JD, Estrada-Abreo LA, Rodríguez-Cruz L, Salgado-Aguayo AR, Patiño-López G. Class I Myosins, molecular motors involved in cell migration and cancer. Cell Adh Migr 2022; 16:1-12. [PMID: 34974807 PMCID: PMC8741282 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2021.2020705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Class I Myosins are a subfamily of motor proteins with ATPase activity and a characteristic structure conserved in all myosins: A N-Terminal Motor Domain, a central Neck and a C terminal Tail domain. Humans have eight genes for these myosins. Class I Myosins have different functions: regulate membrane tension, participate in endocytosis, exocytosis, intracellular trafficking and cell migration. Cell migration is influenced by many cellular components including motor proteins, like myosins. Recently has been reported that changes in myosin expression have an impact on the migration of cancer cells, the formation of infiltrates and metastasis. We propose that class I myosins might be potential markers for future diagnostic, prognostic or even as therapeutic targets in leukemia and other cancers.Abbreviations: Myo1g: Myosin 1g; ALL: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, TH1: Tail Homology 1; TH2: Tail Homology 2; TH3: Tail Homology 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D. Diaz-Valencia
- Immunology and Proteomics Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura A. Estrada-Abreo
- Immunology and Proteomics Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- Cell Biology and Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Metropolitan Autonomous University, México City, Mexico
| | - Leonor Rodríguez-Cruz
- Cell Biology and Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Metropolitan Autonomous University, México City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso R. Salgado-Aguayo
- Rheumatic Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Genaro Patiño-López
- Immunology and Proteomics Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Liu PJ, Gunther LK, Garone ME, Zhang C, Perez D, Bi-Karchin J, Pellenz CD, Chase SE, Presti MF, Plante EL, Martin CE, Lovric S, Yengo CM, Hildebrandt F, Krendel M. Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome-Associated MYO1E Mutations Have Differential Effects on Myosin 1e Localization, Dynamics, and Activity. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:1989-2007. [PMID: 36316095 PMCID: PMC9678034 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021111505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myo1e is a nonmuscle motor protein enriched in podocytes. Mutations in MYO1E are associated with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Most of the MYO1E variants identified by genomic sequencing have not been functionally characterized. Here, we set out to analyze two mutations in the Myo1e motor domain, T119I and D388H, which were selected on the basis of protein sequence conservation. METHODS EGFP-tagged human Myo1e constructs were delivered into the Myo1e-KO mouse podocyte-derived cells via adenoviral infection to analyze Myo1e protein stability, Myo1e localization, and clathrin-dependent endocytosis, which is known to involve Myo1e activity. Furthermore, truncated Myo1e constructs were expressed using the baculovirus expression system and used to measure Myo1e ATPase and motor activity in vitro. RESULTS Both mutants were expressed as full-length proteins in the Myo1e-KO cells. However, unlike wild-type (WT) Myo1e, the T119I variant was not enriched at the cell junctions or clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). In contrast, D388H variant localization was similar to that of WT. The rate of dissociation of the D388H variant from cell-cell junctions and CCVs was decreased, suggesting this mutation affects Myo1e interactions with binding partners. ATPase activity and ability to translocate actin filaments were drastically reduced for the D388H mutant, supporting findings from cell-based experiments. CONCLUSIONS T119I and D388H mutations are deleterious to Myo1e functions. The experimental approaches used in this study can be applied to future characterization of novel MYO1E variants associated with SRNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ju Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Laura K. Gunther
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael E. Garone
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Chunling Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Diana Perez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Jing Bi-Karchin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Christopher D. Pellenz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Sharon E. Chase
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Maria F. Presti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Eric L. Plante
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Claire E. Martin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Svjetlana Lovric
- Divison of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher M. Yengo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Divison of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mira Krendel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
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12
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Matozo T, Kogachi L, de Alencar BC. Myosin motors on the pathway of viral infections. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2022; 79:41-63. [PMID: 35842902 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Molecular motors are microscopic machines that use energy from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis to generate movement. While kinesins and dynein are molecular motors associated with microtubule tracks, myosins bind to and move on actin filaments. Mammalian cells express several myosin motors. They power cellular processes such as endo- and exocytosis, intracellular trafficking, transcription, migration, and cytokinesis. As viruses navigate through cells, they may take advantage or be hindered by host components and machinery, including the cytoskeleton. This review delves into myosins' cell roles and compares them to their reported functions in viral infections. In most cases, the previously described myosin functions align with their reported role in viral infections, although not in all cases. This opens the possibility that knowledge obtained from studying myosins in viral infections might shed light on new physiological roles for myosins in cells. However, given the high number of myosins expressed and the variety of viruses investigated in the different studies, it is challenging to infer whether the interactions found are specific to a single virus or can be applied to other viruses with the same characteristics. We conclude that the participation of myosins in viral cycles is still a largely unexplored area, especially concerning unconventional myosins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tais Matozo
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Kogachi
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Cunha de Alencar
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Abouelezz A, Almeida-Souza L. The mammalian endocytic cytoskeleton. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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14
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Vorselen D, Barger SR, Wang Y, Cai W, Theriot JA, Gauthier NC, Krendel M. Phagocytic 'teeth' and myosin-II 'jaw' power target constriction during phagocytosis. eLife 2021; 10:e68627. [PMID: 34708690 PMCID: PMC8585483 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis requires rapid actin reorganization and spatially controlled force generation to ingest targets ranging from pathogens to apoptotic cells. How actomyosin activity directs membrane extensions to engulf such diverse targets remains unclear. Here, we combine lattice light-sheet microscopy (LLSM) with microparticle traction force microscopy (MP-TFM) to quantify actin dynamics and subcellular forces during macrophage phagocytosis. We show that spatially localized forces leading to target constriction are prominent during phagocytosis of antibody-opsonized targets. This constriction is largely driven by Arp2/3-mediated assembly of discrete actin protrusions containing myosin 1e and 1f ('teeth') that appear to be interconnected in a ring-like organization. Contractile myosin-II activity contributes to late-stage phagocytic force generation and progression, supporting a specific role in phagocytic cup closure. Observations of partial target eating attempts and sudden target release via a popping mechanism suggest that constriction may be critical for resolving complex in vivo target encounters. Overall, our findings present a phagocytic cup shaping mechanism that is distinct from cytoskeletal remodeling in 2D cell motility and may contribute to mechanosensing and phagocytic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Vorselen
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Sarah R Barger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Department of Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | | | - Mira Krendel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
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15
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Tasinov O, Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Ivanova D, Pasheva M, Vankova D, Ivanova D. Ferrum phosphoricum D12 Treatment Affects J774A.1 Cell Proliferation, Transcription Levels of Iron Metabolism, Antioxidant Defense, and Inflammation-related Genes. HOMEOPATHY 2021; 111:113-120. [PMID: 34634834 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferrum phosphoricum (FP) is prescribed as a homeopathic remedy to treat the early stages of fever and inflammation in cases of colds or flu, muscle fatigue and anemia. We aimed to analyze the molecular mechanisms of action of FP D12 on cell proliferation and mRNA expression of iron metabolism, antioxidant defense and inflammation-related genes in mouse J774A.1 macrophages. METHODS Cell proliferation was examined using the MTT test. RT-qPCR analyses were performed to estimate gene expression changes. Relative gene expression levels were calculated using the 2-ΔΔCt method. The effect of treatment using FP D12 tablets was compared with that using placebo tablets (PT). RESULTS FP D12 in low concentrations (0.0125 mg/mL to 0.025 mg/mL) significantly stimulated proliferation of J774A.1 cells by up to 11% (p < 0.01) versus control untreated cells and by up to 40% (p < 0.01) versus PT-treated cells in the respective concentration. FP D12 versus PT induced a significant increase in mRNA expression of ferritin light chain (Ftl1) (by 8-fold, p < 0.01), β-2-microglobulin (B2m) (by 2.5-fold, p < 0.05) and iron-responsive element binding protein 2 (Ireb2) (by 4-fold, p < 0.05), and induced a slight decrease in myosin IE (Myo1e) mRNA expression levels (by 0.4-fold, p < 0.01) in macrophages. A highly significant (r2 = 0.99, p < 0.05) correlation was observed between Ireb2 and B2m transcription levels. Significant stimulation of antioxidant enzyme Gpx-1 (by 1.27-fold, p < 0.01) in cells by 0.025 mg/mL FP D12, but a slight decrease (by 0.12-fold, p < 0.05) in 0.0125 mg/mL-treated cells, was observed. A significant increase in the gene expression of IL-1β (by 3.5-fold, р < 0.05) in macrophages was also detected. CONCLUSION Ferrum phosphoricum in D12 dilution potentially exhibits iron retention, antioxidant and immunomodulation activities, possibly by modulating transcription levels of related genes in non-stimulated mouse macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskan Tasinov
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Desislava Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Pasheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Deyana Vankova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
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16
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Chakrabarti R, Lee M, Higgs HN. Multiple roles for actin in secretory and endocytic pathways. Curr Biol 2021; 31:R603-R618. [PMID: 34033793 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Actin filaments play multiple roles in the secretory pathway and in endosome dynamics in mammals, including maintenance of Golgi structure, release of membrane cargo from the trans-Golgi network (TGN), endocytosis, and endosomal sorting dynamics. In addition, TGN carrier transport and endocytosis both occur by multiple mechanisms in mammals. Actin likely plays a role in at least four mammalian endocytic pathways, five pathways for membrane release from the TGN, and three processes involving endosomes. Also, the mammalian Golgi structure is highly dynamic, and actin is likely important for these dynamics. One challenge for many of these processes is the need to deal with other membrane-associated structures, such as the cortical actin network at the plasma membrane or the matrix that surrounds the Golgi. Arp2/3 complex is a major actin assembly factor in most of the processes mentioned, but roles for formins and tandem WH2-motif-containing assembly factors are being elucidated and are anticipated to grow with further study. The specific role for actin has not been defined for most of these processes, but is likely to involve the generation of force for membrane dynamics, either by actin polymerization itself or by myosin motor activity. Defining these processes mechanistically is necessary for understanding membrane dynamics in general, as well as pathways that utilize these processes, such as autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Miriam Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Henry N Higgs
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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17
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Nakamura S, Masuyama R, Sakai K, Fukuda K, Takeda K, Tanimura S. SH3P2 suppresses osteoclast differentiation through restricting membrane localization of myosin 1E. Genes Cells 2020; 25:707-717. [PMID: 32916757 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells responsible for bone resorption. Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-containing protein-2 (SH3P2)/osteoclast-stimulating factor-1 regulates osteoclast differentiation, but its exact role remains elusive. Here, we show that SH3P2 suppresses osteoclast differentiation. SH3P2 knockout (KO) mice displayed decreased femoral trabecular bone mass and enhanced localization of osteoclasts on the tibial trabecular bone surface, suggesting that SH3P2 suppresses bone resorption by osteoclasts. Osteoclast differentiation based on cellular multinuclearity induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) was enhanced in bone marrow-derived macrophages lacking SH3P2. RANKL induced SH3P2 dephosphorylation, which increased the association of actin-dependent motor protein myosin 1E (Myo1E) with SH3P2 and thereby prevented Myo1E localization to the plasma membrane. Consistent with this, Myo1E in the membrane fraction increased in SH3P2-KO cells. Together with the attenuated osteoclast differentiation in Myo1E knocked down cells, SH3P2 may suppress osteoclast differentiation by preventing their cell-to-cell fusion depending on Myo1E membrane localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Nakamura
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Masuyama
- Department of Gastronomy Management, College of Gastronomy Management, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Kosuke Sakai
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Karin Fukuda
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Takeda
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Susumu Tanimura
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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18
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Abstract
Myosins constitute a superfamily of actin-based molecular motor proteins that mediates a variety of cellular activities including muscle contraction, cell migration, intracellular transport, the formation of membrane projections, cell adhesion, and cell signaling. The 12 myosin classes that are expressed in humans share sequence similarities especially in the N-terminal motor domain; however, their enzymatic activities, regulation, ability to dimerize, binding partners, and cellular functions differ. It is becoming increasingly apparent that defects in myosins are associated with diseases including cardiomyopathies, colitis, glomerulosclerosis, neurological defects, cancer, blindness, and deafness. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding myosins and disease.
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19
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Uray K, Major E, Lontay B. MicroRNA Regulatory Pathways in the Control of the Actin-Myosin Cytoskeleton. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071649. [PMID: 32660059 PMCID: PMC7408560 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key modulators of post-transcriptional gene regulation in a plethora of processes, including actin–myosin cytoskeleton dynamics. Recent evidence points to the widespread effects of miRNAs on actin–myosin cytoskeleton dynamics, either directly on the expression of actin and myosin genes or indirectly on the diverse signaling cascades modulating cytoskeletal arrangement. Furthermore, studies from various human models indicate that miRNAs contribute to the development of various human disorders. The potentially huge impact of miRNA-based mechanisms on cytoskeletal elements is just starting to be recognized. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge about the importance of microRNA modulation of the actin–myosin cytoskeleton affecting physiological processes, including cardiovascular function, hematopoiesis, podocyte physiology, and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Uray
- Correspondence: (K.U.); (B.L.); Tel.: +36-52-412345 (K.U. & B.L.)
| | | | - Beata Lontay
- Correspondence: (K.U.); (B.L.); Tel.: +36-52-412345 (K.U. & B.L.)
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20
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The lipid phosphatase Synaptojanin 1 undergoes a significant alteration in expression and solubility and is associated with brain lesions in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:79. [PMID: 32493451 PMCID: PMC7268631 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00954-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptojanin 1 (SYNJ1) is a brain-enriched lipid phosphatase critically involved in autophagosomal/endosomal trafficking, synaptic vesicle recycling and metabolism of phosphoinositides. Previous studies suggest that SYNJ1 polymorphisms have significant impact on the age of onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and that SYNJ1 is involved in amyloid-induced toxicity. Yet SYNJ1 protein level and cellular localization in post-mortem human AD brain tissues have remained elusive. This study aimed to examine whether SYNJ1 localization and expression are altered in post-mortem AD brains. We found that SYNJ1 is accumulated in Hirano bodies, plaque-associated dystrophic neurites and some neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). SYNJ1 immunoreactivity was higher in neurons and in the senile plaques in AD patients carrying one or two ApolipoproteinE (APOE) ε4 allele(s). In two large cohorts of APOE-genotyped controls and AD patients, SYNJ1 transcripts were significantly increased in AD temporal isocortex compared to control. There was a significant increase in SYNJ1 transcript in APOEε4 carriers compared to non-carriers in AD cohort. SYNJ1 was systematically co-enriched with PHF-tau in the sarkosyl-insoluble fraction of AD brain. In the RIPA-insoluble fraction containing protein aggregates, SYNJ1 proteins were significantly increased and observed as a smear containing full-length and cleaved fragments in AD brains. In vitro cleavage assay showed that SYNJ1 is a substrate of calpain, which is highly activated in AD brains. Our study provides evidence of alterations in SYNJ1 mRNA level and SYNJ1 protein degradation, solubility and localization in AD brains.
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21
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Sun Y, Schöneberg J, Chen X, Jiang T, Kaplan C, Xu K, Pollard TD, Drubin DG. Direct comparison of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in budding and fission yeast reveals conserved and evolvable features. eLife 2019; 8:50749. [PMID: 31829937 PMCID: PMC6908435 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Conserved proteins drive clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), which from yeast to humans involves a burst of actin assembly. To gain mechanistic insights into this process, we performed a side-by-side quantitative comparison of CME in two distantly related yeast species. Though endocytic protein abundance in S. pombe and S. cerevisiae is more similar than previously thought, membrane invagination speed and depth are two-fold greater in fission yeast. In both yeasts, accumulation of ~70 WASp molecules activates the Arp2/3 complex to drive membrane invagination. In contrast to budding yeast, WASp-mediated actin nucleation plays an essential role in fission yeast endocytosis. Genetics and live-cell imaging revealed core CME spatiodynamic similarities between the two yeasts, although the assembly of two zones of actin filaments is specific for fission yeast and not essential for CME. These studies identified conserved CME mechanisms and species-specific adaptations with broad implications that are expected to extend from yeast to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Johannes Schöneberg
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Xuyan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Tommy Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Charlotte Kaplan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Thomas D Pollard
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, United States.,Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - David G Drubin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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22
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Barger SR, James ML, Pellenz CD, Krendel M, Sirotkin V. Human myosin 1e tail but not motor domain replaces fission yeast Myo1 domains to support myosin-I function during endocytosis. Exp Cell Res 2019; 384:111625. [PMID: 31542284 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In both unicellular and multicellular organisms, long-tailed class I myosins function in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Myosin 1e (Myo1e) in vertebrates and Myo1 in fission yeast have similar domain organization, yet whether these proteins or their individual protein domains are functionally interchangeable remains unknown. In an effort to assess functional conservation of class I myosins, we tested whether human Myo1e could replace Myo1 in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and found that it was unable to substitute for yeast Myo1. To determine if any individual protein domain is responsible for the inability of Myo1e to function in yeast, we created human-yeast myosin-I chimeras. By functionally testing these chimeric myosins in vivo, we concluded that the Myo1e motor domain is unable to function in yeast, even when combined with the yeast Myo1 tail and a full complement of yeast regulatory light chains. Conversely, the Myo1e tail, when attached to the yeast Myo1 motor domain, supports localization to endocytic actin patches and partially rescues the endocytosis defect in myo1Δ cells. Further dissection showed that both the TH1 and TH2-SH3 domains in the human Myo1e tail are required for localization and function of chimeric myosin-I at endocytic sites. Overall, this study provides insights into the role of individual myosin-I domains, expands the utility of fission yeast as a simple model system to study the effects of disease-associated MYO1E mutations, and supports a model of co-evolution between a myosin motor and its actin track.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Barger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Michael L James
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Christopher D Pellenz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Mira Krendel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Vladimir Sirotkin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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23
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Roles of Myosin-Mediated Membrane Trafficking in TGF-β Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163913. [PMID: 31408934 PMCID: PMC6719161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings have revealed the role of membrane traffic in the signaling of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). These findings originate from the pivotal function of TGF-β in development, cell proliferation, tumor metastasis, and many other processes essential in malignancy. Actin and unconventional myosin have crucial roles in subcellular trafficking of receptors; research has also revealed a growing number of unconventional myosins that have crucial roles in TGF-β signaling. Unconventional myosins modulate the spatial organization of endocytic trafficking and tether membranes or transport them along the actin cytoskeletons. Current models do not fully explain how membrane traffic forms a bridge between TGF-β and the downstream effectors that produce its functional responsiveness, such as cell migration. In this review, we present a brief overview of the current knowledge of the TGF-β signaling pathway and the molecular components that comprise the core pathway as follows: ligands, receptors, and Smad mediators. Second, we highlight key role(s) of myosin motor-mediated protein trafficking and membrane domain segregation in the modulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway. Finally, we review future challenges and provide future prospects in this field.
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24
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Manenschijn HE, Picco A, Mund M, Rivier-Cordey AS, Ries J, Kaksonen M. Type-I myosins promote actin polymerization to drive membrane bending in endocytosis. eLife 2019; 8:44215. [PMID: 31385806 PMCID: PMC6684269 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis in budding yeast requires the formation of a dynamic actin network that produces the force to invaginate the plasma membrane against the intracellular turgor pressure. The type-I myosins Myo3 and Myo5 are important for endocytic membrane reshaping, but mechanistic details of their function remain scarce. Here, we studied the function of Myo3 and Myo5 during endocytosis using quantitative live-cell imaging and genetic perturbations. We show that the type-I myosins promote, in a dose-dependent way, the growth and expansion of the actin network, which controls the speed of membrane and coat internalization. We found that this myosin-activity is independent of the actin nucleation promoting activity of myosins, and cannot be compensated for by increasing actin nucleation. Our results suggest a new mechanism for type-I myosins to produce force by promoting actin filament polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetty E Manenschijn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Picco
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Markus Mund
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jonas Ries
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marko Kaksonen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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25
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Barger SR, Reilly NS, Shutova MS, Li Q, Maiuri P, Heddleston JM, Mooseker MS, Flavell RA, Svitkina T, Oakes PW, Krendel M, Gauthier NC. Membrane-cytoskeletal crosstalk mediated by myosin-I regulates adhesion turnover during phagocytosis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1249. [PMID: 30890704 PMCID: PMC6425032 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis of invading pathogens or cellular debris requires a dramatic change in cell shape driven by actin polymerization. For antibody-covered targets, phagocytosis is thought to proceed through the sequential engagement of Fc-receptors on the phagocyte with antibodies on the target surface, leading to the extension and closure of the phagocytic cup around the target. We find that two actin-dependent molecular motors, class 1 myosins myosin 1e and myosin 1f, are specifically localized to Fc-receptor adhesions and required for efficient phagocytosis of antibody-opsonized targets. Using primary macrophages lacking both myosin 1e and myosin 1f, we find that without the actin-membrane linkage mediated by these myosins, the organization of individual adhesions is compromised, leading to excessive actin polymerization, slower adhesion turnover, and deficient phagocytic internalization. This work identifies a role for class 1 myosins in coordinated adhesion turnover during phagocytosis and supports a mechanism involving membrane-cytoskeletal crosstalk for phagocytic cup closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Barger
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, 13210, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas S Reilly
- Department of Physics, University of Rochester, Rochester, 14627, NY, USA
| | - Maria S Shutova
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Qingsen Li
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - Paolo Maiuri
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, 20139, Italy
| | - John M Heddleston
- Advanced Imaging Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, 20147, VA, USA
| | - Mark S Mooseker
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, 06520, CT, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, 06519, CT, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, 06519, CT, USA
| | - Tatyana Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Patrick W Oakes
- Department of Physics, University of Rochester, Rochester, 14627, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, 14627, NY, USA
| | - Mira Krendel
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, 13210, NY, USA.
| | - Nils C Gauthier
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, 20139, Italy.
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26
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Arif E, Solanki AK, Srivastava P, Rahman B, Tash BR, Holzman LB, Janech MG, Martin R, Knölker HJ, Fitzgibbon WR, Deng P, Budisavljevic MN, Syn WK, Wang C, Lipschutz JH, Kwon SH, Nihalani D. The motor protein Myo1c regulates transforming growth factor-β-signaling and fibrosis in podocytes. Kidney Int 2019; 96:139-158. [PMID: 31097328 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is known to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of many progressive podocyte diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating TGF-β signaling in podocytes remain unclear. Using a podocyte-specific myosin (Myo)1c knockout, we demonstrate whether Myo1c is critical for TGF-β-signaling in podocyte disease pathogenesis. Specifically, podocyte-specific Myo1c knockout mice were resistant to fibrotic injury induced by Adriamycin or nephrotoxic serum. Further, loss of Myo1c also protected from injury in the TGF-β-dependent unilateral ureteral obstruction mouse model of renal interstitial fibrosis. Mechanistic analyses showed that loss of Myo1c significantly blunted TGF-β signaling through downregulation of canonical and non-canonical TGF-β pathways. Interestingly, nuclear rather than the cytoplasmic Myo1c was found to play a central role in controlling TGF-β signaling through transcriptional regulation. Differential expression analysis of nuclear Myo1c-associated gene promoters showed that nuclear Myo1c targeted the TGF-β responsive gene growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 and directly bound to the GDF-15 promoter. Importantly, GDF15 was found to be involved in podocyte pathogenesis, where GDF15 was upregulated in glomeruli of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Thus, Myo1c-mediated regulation of TGF-β-responsive genes is central to the pathogenesis of podocyte injury. Hence, inhibiting this process may have clinical application in treating podocytopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Arif
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ashish K Solanki
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Pankaj Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bushra Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Brian R Tash
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lawrence B Holzman
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael G Janech
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - René Martin
- Department of Chemistry, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Wayne R Fitzgibbon
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Peifeng Deng
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Milos N Budisavljevic
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, (UPV/EHU), Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Cindy Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Joshua H Lipschutz
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sang-Ho Kwon
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
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27
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Girón-Pérez DA, Piedra-Quintero ZL, Santos-Argumedo L. Class I myosins: Highly versatile proteins with specific functions in the immune system. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:973-981. [PMID: 30821871 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr0918-350rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Connections established between cytoskeleton and plasma membrane are essential in cellular processes such as cell migration, vesicular trafficking, and cytokinesis. Class I myosins are motor proteins linking the actin-cytoskeleton with membrane phospholipids. Previous studies have implicated these molecules in cell functions including endocytosis, exocytosis, release of extracellular vesicles and the regulation of cell shape and membrane elasticity. In immune cells, those proteins also are involved in the formation and maintenance of immunological synapse-related signaling. Thus, these proteins are master regulators of actin cytoskeleton dynamics in different scenarios. Although the localization of class I myosins has been described in vertebrates, their functions, regulation, and mechanical properties are not very well understood. In this review, we focused on and summarized the current understanding of class I myosins in vertebrates with particular emphasis in leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alberto Girón-Pérez
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Zayda Lizbeth Piedra-Quintero
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Leopoldo Santos-Argumedo
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
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EhFP10: A FYVE family GEF interacts with myosin IB to regulate cytoskeletal dynamics during endocytosis in Entamoeba histolytica. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007573. [PMID: 30779788 PMCID: PMC6396940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Motility and phagocytosis are key processes that are involved in invasive amoebiasis disease caused by intestinal parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Previous studies have reported unconventional myosins to play significant role in membrane based motility as well as endocytic processes. EhMyosin IB is the only unconventional myosin present in E. histolytica, is thought to be involved in both of these processes. Here, we report an interaction between the SH3 domain of EhMyosin IB and c-terminal domain of EhFP10, a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor. EhFP10 was found to be confined to Entamoeba species only, and to contain a c-terminal domain that binds and bundles actin filaments. EhFP10 was observed to localize in the membrane ruffles, phagocytic and macropinocytic cups of E. histolytica trophozoites. It was also found in early pinosomes but not early phagosomes. A crystal structure of the c-terminal SH3 domain of EhMyosin IB (EhMySH3) in complex with an EhFP10 peptide and co-localization studies established the interaction of EhMySH3 with EhFP10. This interaction was shown to lead to inhibition of actin bundling activity and to thereby regulate actin dynamics during endocytosis. We hypothesize that unique domain architecture of EhFP10 might be compensating the absence of Wasp and related proteins in Entamoeba, which are known partners of myosin SH3 domains in other eukaryotes. Our findings also highlights the role of actin bundling during endocytosis.
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29
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Pedersen RTA, Drubin DG. Type I myosins anchor actin assembly to the plasma membrane during clathrin-mediated endocytosis. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1138-1147. [PMID: 30659101 PMCID: PMC6446854 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201810005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin assembly and type I myosins are both required for clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Here Pedersen and Drubin show that type I myosins anchor actin assembly factors to the plasma membrane at sites of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, facilitating force generation by actin assembly. The actin cytoskeleton generates forces on membranes for a wide range of cellular and subcellular morphogenic events, from cell migration to cytokinesis and membrane trafficking. For each of these processes, filamentous actin (F-actin) interacts with membranes and exerts force through its assembly, its associated myosin motors, or both. These two modes of force generation are well studied in isolation, but how they are coordinated in cells is mysterious. During clathrin-mediated endocytosis, F-actin assembly initiated by the Arp2/3 complex and several proteins that compose the WASP/myosin complex generates the force necessary to deform the plasma membrane into a pit. Here we present evidence that type I myosin is the key membrane anchor for endocytic actin assembly factors in budding yeast. By mooring actin assembly factors to the plasma membrane, this myosin organizes endocytic actin networks and couples actin-generated forces to the plasma membrane to drive invagination and scission. Through this unexpected mechanism, myosin facilitates force generation independent of its motor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross T A Pedersen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - David G Drubin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
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30
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Zhang Y, Cao F, Zhou Y, Feng Z, Sit B, Krendel M, Yu CH. Tail domains of myosin-1e regulate phosphatidylinositol signaling and F-actin polymerization at the ventral layer of podosomes. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:622-635. [PMID: 30601698 PMCID: PMC6589698 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-06-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During podosome formation, distinct phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate lipid (PI(3,4,5)P3) production and F-actin polymerization take place at integrin-mediated adhesions. Membrane-associated actin regulation factors, such as myosin-1, serve as key molecules to link phosphatidylinositol signals to podosome assembly. Here, we report that long-tailed myosin-1e (Myo1e) is enriched at the ventral layer of the podosome core in a PI(3,4,5)P3-dependent manner. The combination of TH1 and TH2 (TH12) of Myo1e tail domains contains the essential motif for PI(3,4,5)P3-dependent membrane association and ventral localization at the podosome. TH12 KR2A (K772A and R782A) becomes dissociated from the plasma membrane. While F-actin polymerizations are initialized from the ventral layer of the podosome, TH12 precedes the recruitment of N-WASP and Arp2/3 in the initial phase of podosome formation. Overexpression of TH12, not TH12 KR2A, impedes PI(3,4,5)P3 signaling, restrains F-actin polymerization, and inhibits podosome formation. TH12 also suppresses gelatin degradation and migration speed of invadopodia-forming A375 melanoma cells. Thus, TH12 domain of Myo1e serves as a regulatory component to connect phosphatidylinositol signaling to F-actin polymerization at the podosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yage Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Fakun Cao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuhuan Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhen Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Brian Sit
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Mira Krendel
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Cheng-Han Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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31
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Li XH, Zhou XM, Li XJ, Liu YY, Liu Q, Guo XL, Yang LQ, Chen JX. Effects of Xiaoyaosan on the Hippocampal Gene Expression Profile in Rats Subjected to Chronic Immobilization Stress. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:178. [PMID: 31031647 PMCID: PMC6474260 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study examined the effect of Xiaoyaosan and its anti-stress mechanism in rats subjected to chronic immobilization stress at the whole genome level. Methods: Rat whole genome expression chips (Illumina) were used to detect differences in hippocampal gene expression in rats from the control group (CN group), model group (M group) and Xiaoyaosan group (XYS group) that were subjected to chronic immobilization stress. The Gene Ontology terms and signaling pathways that were altered in the hippocampus gene expression profile were analyzed. The network regulating the transcription of the differentially expressed genes was also established. To verify the results from the gene chips, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression of the GABRA1, FADD, CRHR2, and CDK6 genes in hippocampal tissues. In situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the expression of the GABRA1 and CRHR2 genes and proteins, respectively. Results: Compared with the CN group, 566 differentially expressed genes were identified in the M group. Compared with the M group, 544 differentially expressed genes were identified in the XYS group. In the M and XYS groups, multiple significantly upregulated or downregulated genes functioned in various biological processes. The cytokine receptor interaction pathway was significantly inhibited in the hippocampus of the model group. The actin cytoskeleton regulation pathway was significantly increased in the hippocampus of the XYS group. The inhibition of hippocampal cell growth was the core molecular event of network regulating the transcription of the differentially expressed genes in the model group. Promotion of the regeneration of hippocampal neurons was the core molecular event of the transcriptional regulatory network in the XYS group. The levels of the GABRA1, FADD, CRHR2 and CDK6 mRNAs, and proteins were basically consistent with the results obtained from the gene chip. Conclusion: XYS may have the ability of resistance to stress, enhancement immunity and promotion nerve cell regeneration by regulating the expression of multiple genes in numerous pathways and repaired the stress-induced impairments in hippocampal structure and function by inducing cytoskeletal reorganization. These results may provide the possible target spots in the treatment of stress in rats with XYS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xue-Ming Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Yun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qiang Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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32
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Babuta M, Kumar S, Gourinath S, Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharya A. Calcium-binding protein EhCaBP3 is recruited to the phagocytic complex of Entamoeba histolytica by interacting with Arp2/3 complex subunit 2. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12942. [PMID: 30133964 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is involved in invasive disease of the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Upon binding of red blood cells, there is a sequential recruitment of EhC2PK, EhCaBP1, EhAK1, and Arp2/3 complex during the initiation phase. In addition, EhCaBP3 is also recruited to the site and, along with myosin 1B, is thought to be involved in progression of phagocytic cups from initiation to phagosome formation. However, it is not clear how EhCaBP3 gets recruited to the rest of the phagocytic machinery. Here, we show that EhARPC2, a subunit of Arp2/3 complex, interacts with EhCaBP3 in a Ca2+ -dependent manner both in vivo and in vitro. Imaging and pull down experiments suggest that interaction with EhARPC2 is required for the closure of cups and formation of phagosomes. Moreover, downregulation of EhARPC2 prevents localisation of EhCaBP3 to phagocytic cups, suggesting that EhCaBP3 is part of EhC2PK-EhCaBP1-EhAK1-Arp2/3 complex (EhARPC1) pathway. In conclusion, these results suggest that the EhCaBP3-EhARPC2 interaction helps to recruit EhCaBP3 along with myosin 1B to the phagocytic machinery that plays an indispensable role in E. histolytica phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrigya Babuta
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sudha Bhattacharya
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Bhattacharya
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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33
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Solanki AK, Arif E, Morinelli T, Wilson RC, Hardiman G, Deng P, Arthur JM, Velez JC, Nihalani D, Janech MG, Budisavljevic MN. A Novel CLCN5 Mutation Associated With Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis and Podocyte Injury. Kidney Int Rep 2018; 3:1443-1453. [PMID: 30426109 PMCID: PMC6224352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tubular dysfunction is characteristic of Dent’s disease; however, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) can also be present. Glomerulosclerosis could be secondary to tubular injury, but it remains uncertain whether the CLCN5 gene, which encodes an endosomal chloride and/or hydrogen exchanger, plays a role in podocyte biology. Here, we implicate a role for CLCN5 in podocyte function and pathophysiology. Methods Whole exome capture and sequencing of the proband and 5 maternally-related family members was conducted to identify X-linked mutations associated with biopsy-proven FSGS. Human podocyte cultures were used to characterize the mutant phenotype on podocyte function. Results We identified a novel mutation (L521F) in CLCN5 in 2 members of a Hispanic family who presented with a histologic diagnosis of FSGS and low-molecular-weight proteinuria without hypercalciuria. Presence of CLCN5 was confirmed in cultured human podocytes. Podocytes transfected with the wild-type or the mutant (L521F) CLCN5 constructs showed differential localization. CLCN5 knockdown in podocytes resulted in defective transferrin endocytosis and was associated with decreased cell proliferation and increased cell migration, which are hallmarks of podocyte injury. Conclusions The CLCN5 mutation, which causes Dent’s disease, may be associated with FSGS without hyercalcuria and nepthrolithiasis. The present findings supported the hypothesis that CLCN5 participates in protein trafficking in podocytes and plays a critical role in organizing the components of the podocyte slit diaphragm to help maintain normal cell physiology and a functional filtration barrier. In addition to tubular dysfunction, mutations in CLCN5 may also lead to podocyte dysfunction, which results in a histologic picture of FSGS that may be a primary event and not a consequence of tubular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Solanki
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ehtesham Arif
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas Morinelli
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Robert C Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,MUSC Bioinformatics, Center for Genomics Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Peifeng Deng
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - John M Arthur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Juan Cq Velez
- Department of Nephrology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Deepak Nihalani
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael G Janech
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Milos N Budisavljevic
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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34
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Ripoll L, Heiligenstein X, Hurbain I, Domingues L, Figon F, Petersen KJ, Dennis MK, Houdusse A, Marks MS, Raposo G, Delevoye C. Myosin VI and branched actin filaments mediate membrane constriction and fission of melanosomal tubule carriers. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2709-2726. [PMID: 29875258 PMCID: PMC6080934 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201709055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicular and tubular transport intermediates regulate organellar cargo dynamics. Transport carrier release involves local and profound membrane remodeling before fission. Pinching the neck of a budding tubule or vesicle requires mechanical forces, likely exerted by the action of molecular motors on the cytoskeleton. Here, we show that myosin VI, together with branched actin filaments, constricts the membrane of tubular carriers that are then released from melanosomes, the pigment containing lysosome-related organelles of melanocytes. By combining superresolution fluorescence microscopy, correlative light and electron microscopy, and biochemical analyses, we find that myosin VI motor activity mediates severing by constricting the neck of the tubule at specific melanosomal subdomains. Pinching of the tubules involves the cooperation of the myosin adaptor optineurin and the activity of actin nucleation machineries, including the WASH and Arp2/3 complexes. The fission and release of these tubules allows for the export of components from melanosomes, such as the SNARE VAMP7, and promotes melanosome maturation and transfer to keratinocytes. Our data reveal a new myosin VI- and actin-dependent membrane fission mechanism required for organelle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Ripoll
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Heiligenstein
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Ilse Hurbain
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France.,Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Lia Domingues
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Florent Figon
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France.,Master BioSciences, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Karl J Petersen
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Megan K Dennis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Graça Raposo
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France.,Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Structure and Membrane Compartments, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France .,Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR144, Paris, France
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35
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Myosin 1e promotes breast cancer malignancy by enhancing tumor cell proliferation and stimulating tumor cell de-differentiation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46419-46432. [PMID: 27329840 PMCID: PMC5216807 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advancing therapies, thousands of women die every year of breast cancer. Myosins, actin-dependent molecular motors, are likely to contribute to tumor formation and metastasis via their effects on cell adhesion and migration and may provide promising new targets for cancer therapies. Using the MMTV-PyMT murine model of breast cancer, we identified Myosin 1e (MYO1E) as a novel tumor promoter. Tumor latency in mice lacking MYO1E was significantly increased, and tumors formed in the absence of MYO1E displayed unusual papillary morphology, with well-differentiated layers of epithelial cells covering fibrovascular cores, rather than solid sheets of tumor cells typically observed in this cancer model. These tumors were reminiscent of papillary breast cancer in humans that is typically non-invasive and often cured by tumor excision. MYO1E-null tumors exhibited decreased expression of the markers of cell proliferation, which was recapitulated in primary tumor cells derived from MYO1E-null mice. In agreement with our findings, meta-analysis of patient survival data indicated that MYO1E expression level was associated with reduced recurrence-free survival in basal-like breast cancer. Overall, our data suggests that MYO1E contributes to breast tumor malignancy and regulates the differentiation and proliferation state of breast tumor cells.
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36
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Encinar Del Dedo J, Idrissi FZ, Fernandez-Golbano IM, Garcia P, Rebollo E, Krzyzanowski MK, Grötsch H, Geli MI. ORP-Mediated ER Contact with Endocytic Sites Facilitates Actin Polymerization. Dev Cell 2017; 43:588-602.e6. [PMID: 29173820 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxysterol binding protein-related proteins (ORPs) are conserved lipid binding polypeptides, enriched at ER contacts sites. ORPs promote non-vesicular lipid transport and work as lipid sensors in the context of many cellular tasks, but the determinants of their distinct localization and function are not understood. Here, we demonstrate that the yeast endocytic invaginations associate with the ER and that this association specifically requires the ORPs Osh2 and Osh3, which bridge the endocytic myosin-I Myo5 to the ER integral-membrane VAMP-associated protein (VAP) Scs2. Disruption of the ER contact with endocytic sites using ORP, VAP, myosin-I, or reticulon mutants delays and weakens actin polymerization and interferes with vesicle scission. Finally, we provide evidence suggesting that ORP-dependent sterol transfer facilitates actin polymerization at endocytic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Encinar Del Dedo
- Institute for Molecular Biology of Barcelona (CSIC), Baldiri Reixac 15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fatima-Zahra Idrissi
- Institute for Molecular Biology of Barcelona (CSIC), Baldiri Reixac 15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Garcia
- Institute for Molecular Biology of Barcelona (CSIC), Baldiri Reixac 15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Rebollo
- Institute for Molecular Biology of Barcelona (CSIC), Baldiri Reixac 15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marek K Krzyzanowski
- Institute for Molecular Biology of Barcelona (CSIC), Baldiri Reixac 15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helga Grötsch
- Institute for Molecular Biology of Barcelona (CSIC), Baldiri Reixac 15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Geli
- Institute for Molecular Biology of Barcelona (CSIC), Baldiri Reixac 15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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37
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Tanimura S, Takeda K. ERK signalling as a regulator of cell motility. J Biochem 2017; 162:145-154. [PMID: 28903547 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvx048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is regulated by multiple processes, including cell protrusion, cell retraction, cell-matrix adhesion, polarized exocytosis and polarized vesicle trafficking, each of which is spatiotemporally controlled by various intracellular signalling pathways. Dysregulation of cell motility leads to pathological conditions, such as tumour invasion and metastasis. Accumulating evidence has revealed that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling is one of the critical regulators of cell motility, although it is classically known as an important regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation and survival through regulation of gene expression. ERK and its downstream kinase, p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK), dynamically regulate cell motility mainly through direct phosphorylation of various molecules that are not necessarily involved in the regulation of gene transcription and translation. In this review, we summarize how ERK signalling regulates cell motility by focusing on the components of the cell motility machinery that are directly regulated by ERK or RSK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Tanimura
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Takeda
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Sun Y, Leong NT, Jiang T, Tangara A, Darzacq X, Drubin DG. Switch-like Arp2/3 activation upon WASP and WIP recruitment to an apparent threshold level by multivalent linker proteins in vivo. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28813247 PMCID: PMC5559269 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex activation by nucleation promoting factors (NPFs) such as WASP, plays an important role in many actin-mediated cellular processes. In yeast, Arp2/3-mediated actin filament assembly drives endocytic membrane invagination and vesicle scission. Here we used genetics and quantitative live-cell imaging to probe the mechanisms that concentrate NPFs at endocytic sites, and to investigate how NPFs regulate actin assembly onset. Our results demonstrate that SH3 (Src homology 3) domain-PRM (proline-rich motif) interactions involving multivalent linker proteins play central roles in concentrating NPFs at endocytic sites. Quantitative imaging suggested that productive actin assembly initiation is tightly coupled to accumulation of threshold levels of WASP and WIP, but not to recruitment kinetics or release of autoinhibition. These studies provide evidence that WASP and WIP play central roles in establishment of a robust multivalent SH3 domain-PRM network in vivo, giving actin assembly onset at endocytic sites a switch-like behavior. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.29140.001 Actin is one of the most abundant proteins in yeast, mammalian and other eukaryotic cells. It assembles into long chains known as filaments that the cell uses to generate forces for various purposes. For example, actin filaments are needed to pull part of the membrane surrounding the cell inwards to bring molecules from the external environment into the cell by a process called endocytosis. In yeast, a member of the WASP family of proteins promotes the assembly of actin filaments around the site where endocytosis will occur. To achieve this, WASP interacts with several other proteins including WIP and myosin, a motor protein that moves along actin filaments to generate mechanical forces. However, it was not clear how these proteins work together to trigger actin filaments to assemble at the right place and time. Sun et al. addressed this question by studying yeast cells with genetic mutations affecting one or more of these proteins. The experiments show that WASP, myosin and WIP are recruited to sites where endocytosis is about to occur through specific interactions with other proteins. For example, a region of WASP known as the proline-rich domain can bind to proteins that contain an “SH3” domain. WASP and WIP arrive first, stimulating actin to assemble in an “all and nothing” manner and attracting myosin to the actin. Further experiments indicate that WASP and WIP need to reach a threshold level before actin starts to assemble. The findings of Sun et al. suggest that WASP and WIP play key roles in establishing the network of proteins needed for actin filaments to assemble during endocytosis. These proteins are needed for many other processes in yeast and other cells, including mammalian cells. Therefore, the next steps will be to investigate whether WASP and WIP use the same mechanism to operate in other situations. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.29140.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Nicole T Leong
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Tommy Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Astou Tangara
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Xavier Darzacq
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - David G Drubin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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39
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How myosin organization of the actin cytoskeleton contributes to the cancer phenotype. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1026-34. [PMID: 27528748 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The human genome contains 39 genes that encode myosin heavy chains, classified on the basis of their sequence similarity into 12 classes. Most cells express at least 12 different genes, from at least 8 different classes, which are typically composed of several class 1 genes, at least one class 2 gene and classes 5, 6, 9, 10, 18 and 19. Although the different myosin isoforms all have specific and non-overlapping roles in the cell, in combination they all contribute to the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, and the shape and phenotype of the cell. Over (or under) expression of these different myosin isoforms can have strong effects on actin organization, cell shape and contribute to the cancer phenotype as discussed in this review.
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40
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Myosin-1E interacts with FAK proline-rich region 1 to induce fibronectin-type matrix. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:3933-3938. [PMID: 28348210 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614894114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase involved in development and human disease, including cancer. It is currently thought that the four-point one, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM)-kinase domain linker, which contains autophosphorylation site tyrosine (Y) 397, is not required for in vivo FAK function until late midgestation. Here, we directly tested this hypothesis by generating mice with FAK Y397-to-phenylalanine (F) mutations in the germline. We found that Y397F embryos exhibited reduced mesodermal fibronectin (FN) and osteopontin expression and died during mesoderm development akin to FAK kinase-dead mice. We identified myosin-1E (MYO1E), an actin-dependent molecular motor, to interact directly with the FAK FERM-kinase linker and induce FAK kinase activity and Y397 phosphorylation. Active FAK in turn accumulated in the nucleus where it led to the expression of osteopontin and other FN-type matrix in both mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human melanoma. Our data support a model in which FAK Y397 autophosphorylation is required for FAK function in vivo and is positively regulated by MYO1E.
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Masters TA, Kendrick-Jones J, Buss F. Myosins: Domain Organisation, Motor Properties, Physiological Roles and Cellular Functions. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 235:77-122. [PMID: 27757761 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myosins are cytoskeletal motor proteins that use energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to generate force and movement along actin filaments. Humans express 38 myosin genes belonging to 12 classes that participate in a diverse range of crucial activities, including muscle contraction, intracellular trafficking, cell division, motility, actin cytoskeletal organisation and cell signalling. Myosin malfunction has been implicated a variety of disorders including deafness, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Usher syndrome, Griscelli syndrome and cancer. In this chapter, we will first discuss the key structural and kinetic features that are conserved across the myosin family. Thereafter, we summarise for each member in turn its unique functional and structural adaptations, cellular roles and associated pathologies. Finally, we address the broad therapeutic potential for pharmacological interventions that target myosin family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Masters
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
| | | | - Folma Buss
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
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42
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Abstract
Genetic studies of hereditary forms of nephrotic syndrome have identified several proteins that are involved in regulating the permselective properties of the glomerular filtration system. Further extensive research has elucidated the complex molecular basis of the glomerular filtration barrier and clearly established the pivotal role of podocytes in the pathophysiology of glomerular diseases. Podocyte architecture is centred on focal adhesions and slit diaphragms - multiprotein signalling hubs that regulate cell morphology and function. A highly interconnected actin cytoskeleton enables podocytes to adapt in order to accommodate environmental changes and maintain an intact glomerular filtration barrier. Actin-based endocytosis has now emerged as a regulator of podocyte integrity, providing an impetus for understanding the precise mechanisms that underlie the steady-state control of focal adhesion and slit diaphragm components. This Review outlines the role of actin dynamics and endocytosis in podocyte biology, and discusses how molecular heterogeneity in glomerular disorders could be exploited to deliver more rational therapeutic interventions, paving the way for targeted medicine in nephrology.
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43
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Short B. Cells set sail after lifting anchor from Myo1E. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2016. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb.2144if] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Study reveals that ERK signaling promotes cell migration by regulating motor protein’s localization.
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44
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Tanimura S, Hashizume J, Arichika N, Watanabe K, Ohyama K, Takeda K, Kohno M. ERK signaling promotes cell motility by inducing the localization of myosin 1E to lamellipodial tips. J Cell Biol 2016; 214:475-89. [PMID: 27502487 PMCID: PMC4987290 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201503123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanimura et al. demonstrate that SH3P2 binds to and functions as a cytosolic anchor for myosin 1E (Myo1E). ERK signaling–dependent phosphorylation of SH3P2 induces the dissociation of bound Myo1E and its consequent localization to the tips of lamellipodia, where it promotes cell motility. Signaling by extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) plays an essential role in the induction of cell motility, but the precise mechanism underlying such regulation has remained elusive. We recently identified SH3P2 as a negative regulator of cell motility whose function is inhibited by p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK)–mediated phosphorylation downstream of ERK. We here show that myosin 1E (Myo1E) is a binding partner of SH3P2 and that the interaction of the two proteins in the cytosol prevents the localization of Myo1E to the plasma membrane. Serum-induced phosphorylation of SH3P2 at Ser202 by RSK results in dissociation of Myo1E from SH3P2 in the cytosol and the subsequent localization of Myo1E to the tips of lamellipodia mediated by binding of its TH2 domain to F-actin. This translocation of Myo1E is essential for lamellipodium extension and consequent cell migration. The ERK signaling pathway thus promotes cell motility through regulation of the subcellular localization of Myo1E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Tanimura
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan Nagasaki University Research Centre for Genomic Instability and Carcinogenesis, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Junya Hashizume
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Naoya Arichika
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kazushi Watanabe
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kaname Ohyama
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan Nagasaki University Research Centre for Genomic Instability and Carcinogenesis, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Takeda
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kohno
- Department of Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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45
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The SHIP2 interactor Myo1c is required for cell migration in 1321 N1 glioblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 476:508-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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46
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Abstract
Myosin-I molecular motors are proposed to play various cellular roles related to membrane dynamics and trafficking. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we review and illustrate the proposed cellular functions of metazoan myosin-I molecular motors by examining the structural, biochemical, mechanical and cell biological evidence for their proposed molecular roles. We highlight evidence for the roles of myosin-I isoforms in regulating membrane tension and actin architecture, powering plasma membrane and organelle deformation, participating in membrane trafficking, and functioning as a tension-sensitive dock or tether. Collectively, myosin-I motors have been implicated in increasingly complex cellular phenomena, yet how a single isoform accomplishes multiple types of molecular functions is still an active area of investigation. To fully understand the underlying physiology, it is now essential to piece together different approaches of biological investigation. This article will appeal to investigators who study immunology, metabolic diseases, endosomal trafficking, cell motility, cancer and kidney disease, and to those who are interested in how cellular membranes are coupled to the underlying actin cytoskeleton in a variety of different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy B McIntosh
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6085, USA
| | - E Michael Ostap
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6085, USA
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47
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Structural Analysis of the Myo1c and Neph1 Complex Provides Insight into the Intracellular Movement of Neph1. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:1639-54. [PMID: 27044863 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00020-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Myo1c motor functions as a cargo transporter supporting various cellular events, including vesicular trafficking, cell migration, and stereociliary movements of hair cells. Although its partial crystal structures were recently described, the structural details of its interaction with cargo proteins remain unknown. This study presents the first structural demonstration of a cargo protein, Neph1, attached to Myo1c, providing novel insights into the role of Myo1c in intracellular movements of this critical slit diaphragm protein. Using small angle X-ray scattering studies, models of predominant solution conformation of unliganded full-length Myo1c and Myo1c bound to Neph1 were constructed. The resulting structures show an extended S-shaped Myo1c with Neph1 attached to its C-terminal tail. Importantly, binding of Neph1 did not induce a significant shape change in Myo1c, indicating this as a spontaneous process or event. Analysis of interaction surfaces led to the identification of a critical residue in Neph1 involved in binding to Myo1c. Indeed, a point mutant from this site abolished interaction between Neph1 and Myo1c when tested in the in vitro and in live-cell binding assays. Live-cell imaging, including fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, provided further support for the role of Myo1c in intracellular vesicular movement of Neph1 and its turnover at the membrane.
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48
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Lewellyn EB, Pedersen RTA, Hong J, Lu R, Morrison HM, Drubin DG. An Engineered Minimal WASP-Myosin Fusion Protein Reveals Essential Functions for Endocytosis. Dev Cell 2016; 35:281-94. [PMID: 26555049 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Actin polymerization powers membrane deformation during many processes, including clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). During CME in yeast, actin polymerization is triggered and coordinated by a six-protein WASP/Myosin complex that includes WASP, class I myosins (Myo3 and Myo5), WIP (Vrp1), and two other proteins. We show that a single engineered protein can replace this entire complex while still supporting CME. This engineered protein reveals that the WASP/Myosin complex has four essential activities: recruitment to endocytic sites, anchorage to the plasma membrane, Arp2/3 activation, and transient actin filament binding by the motor domain. The requirement for both membrane and F-actin binding reveals that myosin-mediated coupling between actin filaments and the base of endocytic sites is essential for allowing actin polymerization to drive membrane invagination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Lewellyn
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Biology, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI 54911, USA
| | - Ross T A Pedersen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jessica Hong
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rebecca Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Huntly M Morrison
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David G Drubin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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49
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Brzeska H, Koech H, Pridham KJ, Korn ED, Titus MA. Selective localization of myosin-I proteins in macropinosomes and actin waves. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:68-82. [PMID: 26801966 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Class I myosins are widely expressed with roles in endocytosis and cell migration in a variety of cell types. Dictyostelium express multiple myosin Is, including three short-tailed (Myo1A, Myo1E, Myo1F) and three long-tailed (Myo1B, Myo1C, Myo1D). Here we report the molecular basis of the specific localizations of short-tailed Myo1A, Myo1E, and Myo1F compared to our previously determined localization of long-tailed Myo1B. Myo1A and Myo1B have common and unique localizations consistent with the various features of their tail region; specifically the BH sites in their tails are required for their association with the plasma membrane and heads are sufficient for relocalization to the front of polarized cells. Myo1A does not localize to actin waves and macropinocytic protrusions, in agreement with the absence of a tail region which is required for these localizations of Myo1B. However, in spite of the overall similarity of their domain structures, the cellular distributions of Myo1E and Myo1F are quite different from Myo1A. Myo1E and Myo1F, but not Myo1A, are associated with macropinocytic cups and actin waves. The localizations of Myo1E and Myo1F in macropinocytic structures and actin waves differ from the localization of Myo1B. Myo1B colocalizes with F-actin in the actin waves and at the tips of mature macropinocytic cups whereas Myo1E and Myo1F are in the interior of actin waves and along the entire surface of macropinocytic cups. Our results point to different mechanisms of targeting of short- and long-tailed myosin Is, and are consistent with these myosins having both shared and divergent cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Brzeska
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hilary Koech
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin J Pridham
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Edward D Korn
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Margaret A Titus
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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50
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Schroeder B, McNiven MA. Importance of endocytic pathways in liver function and disease. Compr Physiol 2015; 4:1403-17. [PMID: 25428849 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular endocytosis is a highly dynamic process responsible for the internalization of a variety of different receptor ligand complexes, trophic factors, lipids, and, unfortunately, many different pathogens. The uptake of these external agents has profound effects on seminal cellular processes including signaling cascades, migration, growth, and proliferation. The hepatocyte, like other well-polarized epithelial cells, possesses a host of different endocytic mechanisms and entry routes to ensure the selective internalization of cargo molecules. These pathways include receptor-mediated endocytosis, lipid raft associated endocytosis, caveolae, or fluid-phase uptake, although there are likely many others. Understanding and defining the regulatory mechanisms underlying these distinct entry routes, sorting and vesicle formation, as well as the postendocytic trafficking pathways is of high importance especially in the liver, as their mis-regulation can contribute to aberrant liver pathology and liver diseases. Further, these processes can be "hijacked" by a variety of different infectious agents and viruses. This review provides an overview of common components of the endocytic and postendocytic trafficking pathways utilized by hepatocytes. It will also discuss in more detail how these general themes apply to liver-specific processes including iron homeostasis, HBV infection, and even hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schroeder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota
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