1
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Zhao P, Zhang J, Song W, Qi D, Huang Y, Su Y, Wu R, Zhang L, Zhang S. Incarvine C and its analogues inhibit the formation of cell cytoskeleton by targeting Rac1. Bioorg Chem 2024; 149:107512. [PMID: 38833990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) has emerged as a key regulator in the treatment of cancer metastasis because of its involvement in the formation of cell plate pseudopods and effects on cell migration. In this study, we found that incarvine C, a natural product isolated from Incarvillea sinensis, and its seven analogues exhibited antitumour activity by inhibiting cell cytoskeleton formation, with moderate cytotoxicity. Accordingly, these compounds inhibited the cytoskeleton-mediated migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells, with inhibition rates ranging from 37.30 % to 69.72 % and 51.27 % to 70.90 % in vitro, respectively. Moreover, they induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in MDA-MB-231 cells. A pull-down assay revealed that the interaction between Rac1 and its downstream effector protein PAK1 was inhibited by these compounds and that the compound Ano-6 exhibited substantial activity, with an inhibition rate of more than 90 %. Molecular docking showed that incarvine C and its analogues could bind to the nucleotide-binding pocket of Rac1, maintaining high levels of inactivated Rac1. As Ano-6 exhibited significant activity in vitro, its anti-cancer activity was tested in vivo. Four weeks of oral treatment with Ano-6 was well-tolerated in mice, and it induced a potential anti-tumour response in xenografts of MDA-MB-231 cells. Further studies demonstrated that Ano-6 was enriched in tumour tissues after 2 h of administration and induced an increase in the number of dead tumour cells. In summary, these findings not only reveal the mechanism of incarvine C but also provide a new molecular template for Rac1 inhibitors and identify a promising candidate for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China; Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Qinghai University, 16 Kunlun Road, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, 29 Tongren Road, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Weirong Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Qinghai University, 16 Kunlun Road, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Danshi Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Qinghai University, 16 Kunlun Road, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Yongchun Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Qinghai University, 16 Kunlun Road, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Yudong Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Qinghai University, 16 Kunlun Road, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Rumeng Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Qinghai University, 16 Kunlun Road, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Qinghai University, 16 Kunlun Road, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Shoude Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China; Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Qinghai University, 16 Kunlun Road, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China.
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2
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Palizkaran Yazdi M, Barjasteh A, Moghbeli M. MicroRNAs as the pivotal regulators of Temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma. Mol Brain 2024; 17:42. [PMID: 38956588 PMCID: PMC11218189 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive nervous system tumor with a poor prognosis. Although, surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are the current standard protocol for GBM patients, there is still a poor prognosis in these patients. Temozolomide (TMZ) as a first-line therapeutic agent in GBM can easily cross from the blood-brain barrier to inhibit tumor cell proliferation. However, there is a high rate of TMZ resistance in GBM patients. Since, there are limited therapeutic choices for GBM patients who develop TMZ resistance; it is required to clarify the molecular mechanisms of chemo resistance to introduce the novel therapeutic targets. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate chemo resistance through regulation of drug metabolism, absorption, DNA repair, apoptosis, and cell cycle. In the present review we discussed the role of miRNAs in TMZ response of GBM cells. It has been reported that miRNAs mainly induced TMZ sensitivity by regulation of signaling pathways and autophagy in GBM cells. Therefore, miRNAs can be used as the reliable diagnostic/prognostic markers in GBM patients. They can also be used as the therapeutic targets to improve the TMZ response in GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Palizkaran Yazdi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Barjasteh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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3
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Centrone M, Saltarella I, D'Agostino M, Ranieri M, Venneri M, Di Mise A, Simone L, Pisani F, Valenti G, Frassanito MA, Tamma G. RhoB plays a central role in hyperosmolarity-induced cell shrinkage in renal cells. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38946197 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The small Rho GTP-binding proteins are important cell morphology, function, and apoptosis regulators. Unlike other Rho proteins, RhoB can be subjected to either geranylgeranylation (RhoB-GG) or farnesylation (RhoB-F), making that the only target of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI). Fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments revealed that RhoB is activated by hyperosmolarity. By contrast, hyposmolarity did not affect RhoB activity. Interestingly, treatment with farnesyltransferase inhibitor-277 (FTI-277) decreased the cell size. To evaluate whether RhoB plays a role in volume reduction, renal collecting duct MCD4 cells and Human Kidney, HK-2 were transiently transfected with RhoB-wildtype-Enhance Green Fluorescence Protein (RhoB-wt-EGFP) and RhoB-CLLL-EGFP which cannot undergo farnesylation. A calcein-based fluorescent assay revealed that hyperosmolarity caused a significant reduction of cell volume in mock and RhoB-wt-EGFP-expressing cells. By contrast, cells treated with FTI-277 or expressing the RhoB-CLLL-EGFP mutant did not properly respond to hyperosmolarity with respect to mock and RhoB-wt-EGFP expressing cells. These findings were further confirmed by 3D-LSCM showing that RhoB-CLLL-EGFP cells displayed a significant reduction in cell size compared to cells expressing RhoB-wt-EGFP. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis revealed that RhoB-CLLL-EGFP expressing cells as well as FTI-277-treated cells showed a significant increase in cell apoptosis. Together, these data suggested that: (i) RhoB is sensitive to hyperosmolarity and not to hyposmolarity; (ii) inhibition of RhoB farnesylation associates with an increase in cell apoptosis, likely suggesting that RhoB might be a paramount player controlling apoptosis by interfering with responses to cell volume change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Centrone
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Saltarella
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia D'Agostino
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marianna Ranieri
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Venneri
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SPA SB IRCCS, Bari, Italy
| | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Simone
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Cancer Stem Cells Unit, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Francesco Pisani
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria A Frassanito
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Clinical Pathology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Tamma
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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4
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Carpanese V, Festa M, Prosdocimi E, Bachmann M, Sadeghi S, Bertelli S, Stein F, Velle A, Abdel-Salam MAL, Romualdi C, Pusch M, Checchetto V. Interactomic exploration of LRRC8A in volume-regulated anion channels. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:299. [PMID: 38909013 PMCID: PMC11193767 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are critical in enabling ion movement into and within cells and are important targets for pharmacological interventions in different human diseases. In addition to their ion transport abilities, ion channels interact with signalling and scaffolding proteins, which affects their function, cellular positioning, and links to intracellular signalling pathways. The study of "channelosomes" within cells has the potential to uncover their involvement in human diseases, although this field of research is still emerging. LRRC8A is the gene that encodes a crucial protein involved in the formation of volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs). Some studies suggest that LRRC8A could be a valuable prognostic tool in different types of cancer, serving as a biomarker for predicting patients' outcomes. LRRC8A expression levels might be linked to tumour progression, metastasis, and treatment response, although its implications in different cancer types can be varied. Here, publicly accessible databases of cancer patients were systematically analysed to determine if a correlation between VRAC channel expression and survival rate exists across distinct cancer types. Moreover, we re-evaluated the impact of LRRC8A on cellular proliferation and migration in colon cancer via HCT116 LRRC8A-KO cells, which is a current topic of debate in the literature. In addition, to investigate the role of LRRC8A in cellular signalling, we conducted biotin proximity-dependent identification (BioID) analysis, revealing a correlation between VRAC channels and cell-cell junctions, mechanisms that govern cellular calcium homeostasis, kinases, and GTPase signalling. Overall, this dataset improves our understanding of LRRC8A/VRAC and explores new research avenues while identifying promising therapeutic targets and promoting inventive methods for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margherita Festa
- DiBio, Unipd, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, CNR, Via De Marini, 6 16149, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Magdalena Bachmann
- DiBio, Unipd, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Daba Farber Cancer Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soha Sadeghi
- DiBio, Unipd, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Bertelli
- Institute of Biophysics, CNR, Via De Marini, 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
- Humboldt Universität Berlin, AG Zelluläre Biophysik, Dorotheenstr, 19-21 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Stein
- Proteomics Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angelo Velle
- DiBio, Unipd, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Mostafa A L Abdel-Salam
- DiBio, Unipd, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chiara Romualdi
- DiBio, Unipd, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Padua Center for Network Medicine, University of Padua, Via F. Marzolo 8, 315126, Padova, Italy
| | - Michael Pusch
- Institute of Biophysics, CNR, Via De Marini, 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
- RAISE Ecosystem, Genova, Italy
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5
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Shi D, Yang Z, Cai Y, Li H, Lin L, Wu D, Zhang S, Guo Q. Research advances in the molecular classification of gastric cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00951-9. [PMID: 38717722 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumor with one of the lowest five-year survival rates. Traditional first-line treatment regimens, such as platinum drugs, have limited therapeutic efficacy in treating advanced GC and significant side effects, greatly reducing patient quality of life. In contrast, trastuzumab and other immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab, have demonstrated consistent and reliable efficacy in treating GC. Here, we discuss the intrinsic characteristics of GC from a molecular perspective and provide a comprehensive review of classification and treatment advances in the disease. Finally, we suggest several strategies based on the intrinsic molecular characteristics of GC to aid in overcoming clinical challenges in the development of precision medicine and improve patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dike Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zihan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yanna Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lele Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Shengyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Qingqu Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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Shan M, Liu D, Sun L, Yang M, He M, Zhang Y, Xiang L, Lu L, He H, Niu D, Chen L, Li S, Chen A, He F, Wang Y, Lian J. KIAA1429 facilitates metastasis via m6A-YTHDC1-dependent RND3 down-regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2024; 584:216598. [PMID: 38224863 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a dynamically reversible modification in eukaryotic RNAs, modulates gene expression and pathological processes in various tumors. KIAA1429, the largest component of the m6A methyltransferase complex, plays an important role in m6A modification. However, the underlying mechanism of KIAA1429 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown. Immunohistochemical assay was performed to examine the expression of KIAA1429 in HCC tissues. Transwell, wound healing and animal experiments were used to investigate the influence of KIAA1429 on cell migration and invasion. The mRNA high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) were performed to screen the downstream target of KIAA1429. RNA stability assays, RNA immunoprecipitation assay (RIP), MeRIP-qPCR and luciferase assay were used to evaluate the relationship between KIAA1429 and the m6A-modified genes. Results showed that the expression level of KIAA1429 was significantly higher in HCC tissues than in adjacent tissues, and the upregulation of KIAA1429 could promote HCC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we confirmed that KIAA1429 negatively regulated the tumor suppressor, Rho family GTPase 3 (RND3), by decreasing its mRNA stability in coordination with the m6A reader YTHDC1. Moreover, we demonstrated that KIAA1429 could regulate the m6A modification of RND3 mRNA via its RNA binding domain. Our data indicated that KIAA1429 exerted its oncogenic role by inhibiting RND3 expression in an m6A-dependent manner, suggesting that KIAA1429 might be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Shan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Liangbo Sun
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mingzhen Yang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Meng He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Haiyan He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dun Niu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lingxi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shuhui Li
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - An Chen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fengtian He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Jiqin Lian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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7
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Kopsida M, Liu N, Kotti A, Wang J, Jensen L, Jothimani G, Hildesjo C, Haapaniemi S, Zhong W, Pathak S, Sun XF. RhoB expression associated with chemotherapy response and prognosis in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:75. [PMID: 38355625 PMCID: PMC10867990 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the role of RhoB expression in relation to chemotherapy response, clinical outcomes and associated signaling pathways in colorectal cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 5 colon cancer cell lines, zebrafish embryos and 260 colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin (OXL). The methods consisted of CRISPR/Cas9, reactive oxygen species (ROS), caspase-3 activity, autophagy flux, in-silico RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry. Gene expression analysis and pathway analysis were conducted using RNA-seq data. RESULTS All cancer lines tested, including SW480, SW480-KO13 (RhoB knockout), SW480-KO55 (RhoB knockout), HCT116 and HCT116-OE (RhoB overexpressed), exhibited cytotoxicity to 5-FU and OXL. RhoB knockout cell lines demonstrated significantly reduced migration compared to the control cell lines. Furthermore, RhoB played a role in caspase-3-dependent apoptosis, regulation of ROS production and autophagic flux. The mRNA sequencing data indicated lower expression levels of oncogenes in RhoB knockout cell lines. The zebrafish model bearing SW480-KO showed a light trend toward tumor regression. RhoB expression by immunohistochemistry in patients was increased from normal mucosa to tumor samples. In patients who received chemotherapy, high RhoB expression was related to worse survival compared to low RhoB expression. Furthermore, the molecular docking analysis revealed that OXL had a higher binding affinity for RhoB than 5-FU, with a binding affinity of -7.8 kcal/mol and HADDOCK predicted molecular interactions between RhoB and caspase 3 protein. Gene-set enrichment analysis supported these findings, showing that enrichment of DNA damage response pathway and p53 signaling in RhoB overexpression treatment group, while the RhoB knockout treatment group exhibited enrichment in the negative regulation pathway of cell migration. CONCLUSION RhoB was negatively associated with chemotherapy response and survival in colorectal cancers. Therefore, RhoB inhibition may enhance chemotherapeutic responses and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kopsida
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Angeliki Kotti
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jing Wang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ganesan Jothimani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Camilla Hildesjo
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Staffan Haapaniemi
- Department of Surgery and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Wen Zhong
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Huang H, Wang S, Guan Y, Ren J, Liu X. Molecular basis and current insights of atypical Rho small GTPase in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:141. [PMID: 38236467 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Atypical Rho GTPases are a subtype of the Rho GTPase family that are involved in diverse cellular processes. The typical Rho GTPases, led by RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42, have been well studied, while relative studies on atypical Rho GTPases are relatively still limited and have great exploration potential. With the increase in studies, current evidence suggests that atypical Rho GTPases regulate multiple biological processes and play important roles in the occurrence and development of human cancers. Therefore, this review mainly discusses the molecular basis of atypical Rho GTPases and their roles in cancer. We summarize the sequence characteristics, subcellular localization and biological functions of each atypical Rho GTPase. Moreover, we review the recent advances and potential mechanisms of atypical Rho GTPases in the development of multiple cancers. A comprehensive understanding and extensive exploration of the biological functions of atypical Rho GTPases and their molecular mechanisms in tumors will provide important insights into the pathophysiology of tumors and the development of cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yifei Guan
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
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9
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Liu X, Li X, Wang L, Yu K, Wu D, Tao P, Li Y. Pan‑cancer analysis identified ARHGAP23 as a potential biomarker for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2023; 19:100. [PMID: 38022849 PMCID: PMC10666083 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2023.2696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPASE-activating protein 23 (ARHGAP23) is known to activate RHO-GTPase and has an important role in the infiltration and metastasis of tumors. Although previous studies suggested its involvement in certain human cancers, its role in pan-cancer remains unclear. In the present study, the expression, prognosis and potential functions of ARHGAP23 in pan-cancer were evaluated through various public databases such as Human Protein Atlas, Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource, Gene Set Co-Expression Analysis, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, cBio Cancer Genomics Portal, Tumor-Immune System Interactions Database (TISIDB) and others. Through these data combined with a variety of biological information analysis methods, the potential role of ARHGAP23 as a carcinogenic gene was explored in the present study. The present analysis revealed that ARHGAP23 expressed abnormalities in >10 tumors, which was associated with differences in prognosis. Furthermore, the findings of the present study indicated that ARHGAP23 is associated with DNA methylation and multiple immune cell infiltrations in these tumors. ARHGAP23 expression was related to clinical prognosis, DNA methylation and immune infiltration. These findings support the potential of ARHGAP23 as a prognostic biomarker and a molecular target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- The General Surgery Department, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Pathology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Kaihua Yu
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Dean Wu
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Pengxian Tao
- Cadre Ward of General Surgery Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Li
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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10
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Liu Z, Hou P, Fang J, Shao C, Shi Y, Melino G, Peschiaroli A. Hyaluronic acid metabolism and chemotherapy resistance: recent advances and therapeutic potential. Mol Oncol 2023. [PMID: 37953485 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix, providing essential mechanical scaffolding for cells and, at the same time, mediating essential biochemical signals required for tissue homeostasis. Many solid tumors are characterized by dysregulated HA metabolism, resulting in increased HA levels in cancer tissues. HA interacts with several cell surface receptors, such as cluster of differentiation 44 and receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility, thus co-regulating important signaling pathways in cancer development and progression. In this review, we describe the enzymes controlling HA metabolism and its intracellular effectors emphasizing their impact on cancer chemotherapy resistance. We will also explore the current and future prospects of HA-based therapy, highlighting the opportunities and challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhong Liu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Pengbo Hou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Jiankai Fang
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Peschiaroli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
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11
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Araya MK, Gorfe AA. Conformational ensemble-dependent lipid recognition and segregation by prenylated intrinsically disordered regions in small GTPases. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1111. [PMID: 37919400 PMCID: PMC10622456 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied diverse prenylated intrinsically disordered regions (PIDRs) of Ras and Rho family small GTPases using long timescale atomistic molecular dynamics simulations in an asymmetric model membrane of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine (PS) lipids. Here we show that conformational plasticity is a key determinant of lipid sorting by polybasic PIDRs and provide evidence for lipid sorting based on both headgroup and acyl chain structures. We further show that conformational ensemble-based lipid recognition is generalizable to all polybasic PIDRs, and that the sequence outside the polybasic domain (PBD) modulates the conformational plasticity, bilayer adsorption, and interactions of PIDRs with membrane lipids. Specifically, we find that palmitoylation, the ratio of basic to acidic residues, and the hydrophobic content of the sequence outside the PBD significantly impact the diversity of conformational substates and hence the extent of conformation-dependent lipid interactions. We thus propose that the PBD is required but not sufficient for the full realization of lipid sorting by prenylated PBD-containing membrane anchors, and that the membrane anchor is not only responsible for high affinity membrane binding but also directs the protein to the right target membrane where it participates in lipid sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mussie K Araya
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alemayehu A Gorfe
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology Program & Therapeutics and Pharmacology Program, UTHealth MD Anderson Cancer Center Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, 6431 Fannin St., TX, 77030, USA.
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12
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Zhang H, Ouyang C. BTB protein family and human breast cancer: signaling pathways and clinical progress. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:16213-16229. [PMID: 37682360 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is considered the number one killer of women both in China and abroad, and the leading cause of cancer death. It severely affects female health-related quality of life. Broad-complex, tramtrack, bric à brac (BTB) protein family was first discovered in drosophila as early as in 1993 by Godt D and peers, since then, more family members and their critical biological functions were uncovered. Moreover, researchers around the world have recently demonstrated that numerous signaling pathways connect BTB family members and human breast cancer. PURPOSE In this review, we critically discuss these findings regarding the essential mechanisms and functions of the BTB protein family in mediating the organic processes of human breast cancer. Meanwhile, we summarize the signaling pathways the BTB protein family participates in. And we address that BTB proteins regulate the growth, apoptosis, and other behaviors of breast cancer cells. We also point out the future directions for further studies in this field. METHODS The relevant online literatures have been reviewed for this article. CONCLUSION This review could offer an update on novel molecular targets for treating human breast cancer and new insights into BTB protein family research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haorui Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Chenxi Ouyang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
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13
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Xun M, Wang J, Xie Q, Peng B, Li Z, Guo Z, Zeng Y, Su H, Yao M, Liao L, Li Y, Yuan G, Chen S, He S. FBXL19 promotes malignant behaviours by activating MAPK signalling and negatively correlates with prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21771. [PMID: 38027627 PMCID: PMC10651507 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
FBXL19 is a member of the Skp1-Cullin-F-box family of E3 ubiquitin ligases and is linked to a variety of vital biological processes, such as cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Previous studies have identified it as an oncogene in breast cancer and glioma. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. To comprehensively elucidate its role in tumour biology and its underlying mechanisms, a variety of sophisticated methods, including bioinformatics analysis, RNA-sequencing technique, and in vitro cell biology experiments, were used. Here, we found that FBXL19 was upregulated in patients with HCC and correlated with poor prognosis. In in vitro experiments, the specific targeting of short hairpin RNAs via lentiviruses successfully induced the knockdown of FBXL19, resulting in notable inhibition of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. Furthermore, FBXL19 downregulation resulted in significant induction of G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Importantly, FBXL19 knockdown inhibited tumour malignant behaviour primarily by inactivating extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases. In conclusion, this study revealed that FBXL19 was upregulated in patients with HCC, and that its expression was negatively correlated with prognosis. Thus, FBXL19 displays oncogenic properties in HCC by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xun
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Jiming Wang
- Chongqing University FuLing Hospital, Chongqing 408099, China
| | - Qiuli Xie
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Zeyuan Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Zhengya Guo
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yonglian Zeng
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Huizhao Su
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Mei Yao
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Lijuan Liao
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Guandou Yuan
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Shilian Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Songqing He
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Immunology and Metabolism for Liver Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
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14
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He H, Zhou C, Chen X. ATNC: Versatile Nanobody Chimeras for Autophagic Degradation of Intracellular Unligandable and Undruggable Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145. [PMID: 37826913 PMCID: PMC10655170 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) through the autophagy pathway displays broad substrate scope and is gaining increasing interest in biology and medicine. However, current approaches using small-molecule degraders have limitations due to the lack of versatility, modularity, and ease of implementation and are restricted to addressing only ligandable proteins. Herein, we report a nonsmall molecule-based autophagy-targeting nanobody chimera (ATNC), or phagobody, for selective degradation of intracellular targets, which overcomes these limitations. The core of an ATNC features a nanobody for recruiting proteins as well as an autophagic pathway-directing module. ATNC turns out to be a general, modular, and versatile degradation platform. We show that ATNC can be versatilely implemented in different ways including expressed ATNC intrabodies for ease of use, chemically induced proximity (CIP)-operated logic-gated conditional and tunable degradation, and cyclic cell-penetrating peptide-tethered cell-permeable phagobodies that selectively degrade the undruggable therapeutically relevant HE4 protein, resulting in effective suppression of ovarian cancer cell proliferation and migration. Overall, ATNC represents a general, modular, and versatile targeted degradation platform that degrades unligandable proteins and offers therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping He
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Frontier Biotechnologies, The HIT Center for
Life Sciences (HCLS), Harbin Institute of
Technology (HIT), Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- School
of Life Science and Technology, HIT, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Chengjian Zhou
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Frontier Biotechnologies, The HIT Center for
Life Sciences (HCLS), Harbin Institute of
Technology (HIT), Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- School
of Life Science and Technology, HIT, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology and Frontier Biotechnologies, The HIT Center for
Life Sciences (HCLS), Harbin Institute of
Technology (HIT), Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- School
of Life Science and Technology, HIT, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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15
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Davalieva K, Kiprijanovska S, Ivanovski O, Trifunovski A, Saidi S, Dimovski A, Popov Z. Proteomics Profiling of Bladder Cancer Tissues from Early to Advanced Stages Reveals NNMT and GALK1 as Biomarkers for Early Detection and Prognosis of BCa. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14938. [PMID: 37834386 PMCID: PMC10573217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The high recurrence rate and invasive diagnostic and monitoring methods in bladder cancer (BCa) clinical management require the development of new non-invasive molecular tools for early detection, particularly for low-grade and low-stage BCa as well as for risk stratification. By using an in-solution digestion method and label-free data-independent LC-MS/MS coupled with ion mobility, we profiled the BCa tissues from initiation to advanced stages and confidently identified and quantified 1619 proteins (≥2 peptides). A statistically significant difference in abundance (Anova ≤ 0.05) showed 494 proteins. Significant correlation with stage with steady up or down with BCa stages showed 15 proteins. Testing of NNMT, GALK1, and HTRA1 in urine samples showed excellent diagnostic potential for NNMT and GALK1 with AUC of 1.000 (95% CI: 1.000-1.000; p < 0.0001) and 0.801 (95% CI: 0.655-0.947; p < 0.0001), respectively. NNMT and GALK1 also showed very good potential in discriminating non-invasive low-grade from invasive high-grade BCa with AUC of 0.763 (95% CI: 0.606-0.921; p = 0.001) and 0.801 (95% CI: 0.653-0.950; p < 0.0001), respectively. The combination of NNMT and GALK1 increased prognostic accuracy (AUC = 0.813). Our results broaden the range of potential novel candidates for non-invasive BCa diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Davalieva
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology “Georgi D Efremov”, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia; (S.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Sanja Kiprijanovska
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology “Georgi D Efremov”, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia; (S.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Ognen Ivanovski
- Clinical Centre “Mother Theresa”, University Clinic for Urology, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia; (O.I.); (A.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Aleksandar Trifunovski
- Clinical Centre “Mother Theresa”, University Clinic for Urology, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia; (O.I.); (A.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Skender Saidi
- Clinical Centre “Mother Theresa”, University Clinic for Urology, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia; (O.I.); (A.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Aleksandar Dimovski
- Research Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology “Georgi D Efremov”, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia; (S.K.); (A.D.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University “St. Cyril and Methodius”, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Zivko Popov
- Clinical Hospital “Acibadem Sistina”, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia;
- Medical Faculty, University “St. Cyril and Methodius”, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
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16
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Yuan Q, Fan Y, Liu Z, Wang X, Jia M, Dong Y, Geng Z, Zheng J, Lu X. Pleckstrin homology and RhoGEF domain containing G4 (PLEKHG4) leads to the activation of RhoGTPases promoting the malignant phenotypes of thyroid cancer. Apoptosis 2023; 28:1315-1331. [PMID: 37336836 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is one of the most common endocrine system cancers, and its incidence is elevating. There is an urgent need to develop a deeper understanding of TC pathogenesis and explore new therapeutic target for its treatment. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pleckstrin homology and RhoGEF domain containing G4 (PLEKHG4) on the progression of TC. Herein, 29 pairs of TC and adjacent tissues were used to assess the expression of PLEKHG4. A xenograft model of mouse was established by subcutaneously injected with TC cells. Lung metastasis model was established through left ventricular injection. The results revealed that PLEKHG4 was up-regulated in human TC tissues. PLEKHG4 level was correlated with clinicopathological parameters of TC patients. In vitro assays revealed that PLEKHG4 promoted TC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. Knockdown of PLEKHG4 led to the opposite effects, and the loss of PLEKHG4 enhanced the apoptosis ability and inhibited the stemness properties of TC cells. These findings were further confirmed by the in vivo growth and lung metastasis of TC tumor. Mechanistically, PLEKHG4 promoted the activation of RhoGTPases RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac1. The inhibitors of these RhoGTPases reversed the PLEKHG4-induced malignant phenotypes. Additionally, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2O (UBE2O), a large E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme acted as an ubiquitin enzyme of PLEKHG4, facilitated its ubiquitination and degradation. In conclusion, PLEKHG4, regulated by UBE2O, promoted the thyroid cancer progression via activating the RhoGTPases pathway. UBE2O/PLEKHG4/RhoGTPases axis is expected to be a novel a therapeutic target for TC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Yuan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1# Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Yuxia Fan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1# Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1# Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1# Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Meng Jia
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1# Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongqiang Dong
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1# Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zushi Geng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1# Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1# Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiubo Lu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1# Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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17
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Temilola DO, Wium M, Paccez J, Salukazana AS, Rotimi SO, Otu HH, Carbone GM, Kaestner L, Cacciatore S, Zerbini LF. Detection of Cancer-Associated Gene Mutations in Urinary Cell-Free DNA among Prostate Cancer Patients in South Africa. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1884. [PMID: 37895233 PMCID: PMC10606409 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cause of cancer death among African men. The presence of tumor-specific variations in cell-free DNA (cfDNA), such as mutations, microsatellite instability, and DNA methylation, has been explored as a source of biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. In this study, we investigated the diagnostic role of cfDNA among South African PCa patients. We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) of urinary cfDNA. We identified a novel panel of 31 significantly deregulated somatic mutated genes between PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Additionally, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on matching PCa and normal prostate tissue in an independent PCa cohort from South Africa. Our results suggest that the mutations are of germline origin as they were also found in the normal prostate tissue. In conclusion, our study contributes to the knowledge of cfDNA as a biomarker for diagnosing PCa in the South African population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dada Oluwaseyi Temilola
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (D.O.T.); (M.W.); (J.P.); (S.C.)
- Integrative Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Martha Wium
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (D.O.T.); (M.W.); (J.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Juliano Paccez
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (D.O.T.); (M.W.); (J.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Azola Samkele Salukazana
- Division of Urology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (A.S.S.); (L.K.)
| | | | - Hasan H. Otu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Giuseppina M. Carbone
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
| | - Lisa Kaestner
- Division of Urology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (A.S.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Stefano Cacciatore
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (D.O.T.); (M.W.); (J.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Luiz Fernando Zerbini
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (D.O.T.); (M.W.); (J.P.); (S.C.)
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18
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He Y, Goyette MA, Chapelle J, Boufaied N, Al Rahbani J, Schonewolff M, Danek EI, Muller WJ, Labbé DP, Côté JF, Lamarche-Vane N. CdGAP is a talin-binding protein and a target of TGF-β signaling that promotes HER2-positive breast cancer growth and metastasis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112936. [PMID: 37552602 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in metastasis, which is the leading cause of death in breast cancer patients. Here, we show that Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein (CdGAP) promotes tumor formation and metastasis to lungs in the HER2-positive (HER2+) murine breast cancer model. CdGAP facilitates intravasation, extravasation, and growth at metastatic sites. CdGAP depletion in HER2+ murine primary tumors mediates crosstalk with a Dlc1-RhoA pathway and is associated with a transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced EMT transcriptional signature. CdGAP is positively regulated by TGF-β signaling during EMT and interacts with the adaptor talin to modulate focal adhesion dynamics and integrin activation. Moreover, HER2+ breast cancer patients with high CdGAP mRNA expression combined with a high TGF-β-EMT signature are more likely to present lymph node invasion. Our results suggest CdGAP as a candidate therapeutic target for HER2+ metastatic breast cancer by inhibiting TGF-β and integrin/talin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Marie-Anne Goyette
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jennifer Chapelle
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Nadia Boufaied
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jalal Al Rahbani
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Maribel Schonewolff
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Eric I Danek
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - William J Muller
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - David P Labbé
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jean-François Côté
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Nathalie Lamarche-Vane
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
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19
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Araya MK, Gorfe AA. Conformational ensemble dependent lipid recognition and segregation by prenylated intrinsically disordered regions in small GTPases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.11.553039. [PMID: 37609330 PMCID: PMC10441427 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.11.553039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
We studied diverse prenylated intrinsically disordered regions (PIDRs) of Ras and Rho family small GTPases using long timescale atomistic molecular dynamics simulations in an asymmetric model membrane of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylserine (PS) lipids. We show that conformational plasticity is a key determinant of lipid sorting by polybasic PIDRs and provide evidence for lipid sorting based on both headgroup and acyl chain structures. We further show that conformational ensemble-based lipid recognition is generalizable to all polybasic PIDRs, and that the sequence outside the polybasic domain (PBD) modulates the conformational plasticity, bilayer adsorption, and interactions of PIDRs with membrane lipids. Specifically, we found that palmitoylation, the ratio of basic to acidic residues, and the hydrophobic content of the sequence outside the PBD significantly impact the diversity of conformational substates and hence the extent of conformation-dependent lipid interactions. We thus propose that the PBD is required but not sufficient for the full realization of lipid sorting by prenylated PBD-containing membrane anchors, and that the membrane anchor is not only responsible for high affinity membrane binding but also directs the protein to the right target membrane where it participates in lipid sorting.
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20
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Dimou N, Kim AE, Flanagan O, Murphy N, Diez-Obrero V, Shcherbina A, Aglago EK, Bouras E, Campbell PT, Casey G, Gallinger S, Gruber SB, Jenkins MA, Lin Y, Moreno V, Ruiz-Narvaez E, Stern MC, Tian Y, Tsilidis KK, Arndt V, Barry EL, Baurley JW, Berndt SI, Bézieau S, Bien SA, Bishop DT, Brenner H, Budiarto A, Carreras-Torres R, Cenggoro TW, Chan AT, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Chen X, Conti DV, Dampier CH, Devall M, Drew DA, Figueiredo JC, Giles GG, Gsur A, Harrison TA, Hidaka A, Hoffmeister M, Huyghe JR, Jordahl K, Kawaguchi E, Keku TO, Larsson SC, Le Marchand L, Lewinger JP, Li L, Mahesworo B, Morrison J, Newcomb PA, Newton CC, Obon-Santacana M, Ose J, Pai RK, Palmer JR, Papadimitriou N, Pardamean B, Peoples AR, Pharoah PDP, Platz EA, Potter JD, Rennert G, Scacheri PC, Schoen RE, Su YR, Tangen CM, Thibodeau SN, Thomas DC, Ulrich CM, Um CY, van Duijnhoven FJB, Visvanathan K, Vodicka P, Vodickova L, White E, Wolk A, Woods MO, Qu C, Kundaje A, Hsu L, Gauderman WJ, Gunter MJ, Peters U. Probing the diabetes and colorectal cancer relationship using gene - environment interaction analyses. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:511-520. [PMID: 37365285 PMCID: PMC10403521 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02312-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship still require investigation and it is not known if the association is modified by genetic variants. To address these questions, we undertook a genome-wide gene-environment interaction analysis. METHODS We used data from 3 genetic consortia (CCFR, CORECT, GECCO; 31,318 colorectal cancer cases/41,499 controls) and undertook genome-wide gene-environment interaction analyses with colorectal cancer risk, including interaction tests of genetics(G)xdiabetes (1-degree of freedom; d.f.) and joint testing of Gxdiabetes, G-colorectal cancer association (2-d.f. joint test) and G-diabetes correlation (3-d.f. joint test). RESULTS Based on the joint tests, we found that the association of diabetes with colorectal cancer risk is modified by loci on chromosomes 8q24.11 (rs3802177, SLC30A8 - ORAA: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.34-1.96; ORAG: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.30-1.54; ORGG: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.13-1.31; p-value3-d.f.: 5.46 × 10-11) and 13q14.13 (rs9526201, LRCH1 - ORGG: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.56-2.83; ORGA: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.38-1.68; ORAA: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.06-1.21; p-value2-d.f.: 7.84 × 10-09). DISCUSSION These results suggest that variation in genes related to insulin signaling (SLC30A8) and immune function (LRCH1) may modify the association of diabetes with colorectal cancer risk and provide novel insights into the biology underlying the diabetes and colorectal cancer relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Dimou
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - Andre E Kim
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Orlagh Flanagan
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Virginia Diez-Obrero
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
| | - Anna Shcherbina
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elom K Aglago
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanouil Bouras
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yi Lin
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Victor Moreno
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ONCOBEL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edward Ruiz-Narvaez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences & USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu Tian
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kostas K Tsilidis
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elizabeth L Barry
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - James W Baurley
- Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
- BioRealm LLC, Walnut, CA, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique médicale, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Stephanie A Bien
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D Timothy Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arif Budiarto
- Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Computer Science Department, School of Computer Science, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Robert Carreras-Torres
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 8908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tjeng Wawan Cenggoro
- Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Centre Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xuechen Chen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David V Conti
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher H Dampier
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of General Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Matthew Devall
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David A Drew
- Clinical & Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tabitha A Harrison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Akihisa Hidaka
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen R Huyghe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristina Jordahl
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Kawaguchi
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Temitope O Keku
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Juan Pablo Lewinger
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bharuno Mahesworo
- Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - John Morrison
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christina C Newton
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mireia Obon-Santacana
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Avda Gran Via Barcelona 199-203, 08908L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer Ose
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UH, USA
| | - Rish K Pai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikos Papadimitriou
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Bens Pardamean
- Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anita R Peoples
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UH, USA
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John D Potter
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Gad Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Peter C Scacheri
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert E Schoen
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yu-Ru Su
- Biostatistics Division, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine M Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen N Thibodeau
- Division of Laboratory Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Duncan C Thomas
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences & USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UH, USA
| | - Caroline Y Um
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Emily White
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael O Woods
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, Discipline of Genetics, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Conghui Qu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W James Gauderman
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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21
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Zaoui K, Duhamel S. RhoB as a tumor suppressor: It’s all about localization. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151313. [PMID: 36996579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase RhoB is distinguished from other Rho proteins by its unique subcellular localization in endosomes, multivesicular bodies, and nucleus. Despite high sequence homology with RhoA and RhoC, RhoB is mainly associated with tumor suppressive function, while RhoA and RhoC support oncogenic transformation in most malignancies. RhoB regulates the endocytic trafficking of signaling molecules and cytoskeleton remodeling, thereby controlling growth, apoptosis, stress response, immune function, and cell motility in various contexts. Some of these functions may be ascribed to RhoB's unique subcellular localization to endocytic compartments. Here we describe the pleiotropic roles of RhoB in cancer suppression in the context of its subcellular localization, and we discuss possible therapeutic avenues to pursue and highlight priorities for future research.
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22
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Yao L, Li Y, Li S, Wang M, Cao H, Xu L, Xu Y. ARHGAP39 is a prognostic biomarker involved in immune infiltration in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:440. [PMID: 37189064 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current studies on the role of ARHGAP39 mainly focused on its effect on neurodevelopment. However, there are few studies on the comprehensive analysis of ARHGAP39 in breast cancer. METHODS ARHGAP39 expression level was analyzed based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx), and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) database and validated by qPCR in various cell lines and tumor tissues. The prognostic value was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curve analysis. CCK-8 and transwell assays were conducted to identify the biological function of ARHGAP39 in tumorigenesis. Signaling pathways related to ARHGAP39 expression were identified by the GO and KEGG enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The correlations between ARHGAP39 and cancer immune infiltrates were investigated via TIMER, CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE and tumor-immune system interactions database (TISIDB). RESULTS ARHGAP39 was overexpressed in breast cancer and associated with poor survival outcomes. In vitro experiments revealed that ARHGAP39 could facilitate the proliferation, migration, and invasion capability of breast cancer cells. GSEA analysis showed that the main enrichment pathways of ARHGAP39 was immunity-related pathways. Considering the immune infiltration level, ARHGAP39 was negatively associated with infiltrating levels of CD8 + T cell and macrophage, and positively associated with CD4 + T cell. Furthermore, ARHGAP39 was significantly negatively correlated with immune score, stromal score, and ESTIMATE score. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that ARHGAP39 can be used as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. ARHGAP39 was indeed a determinant factor of immune infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litong Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Mozhi Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongyi Cao
- Department of Pathology, the First Hospital of China Medical University and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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Miyauchi M, Matsumura R, Kawahara H. BAG6 supports stress fiber formation by preventing the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of RhoA. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar34. [PMID: 36884293 PMCID: PMC10092643 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-08-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rho family of small GTPases is a key regulator of cytoskeletal actin polymerization. Although the ubiquitination of Rho proteins is reported to control their activity, the mechanisms by which the ubiquitination of Rho family proteins is controlled by ubiquitin ligases have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we identified BAG6 as the first factor needed to prevent the ubiquitination of RhoA, a critical Rho family protein in F-actin polymerization. We found that BAG6 is necessary for stress fiber formation by stabilizing endogenous RhoA. BAG6 deficiency enhanced the association between RhoA and Cullin-3-based ubiquitin ligases, thus promoting its polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation, leading to the abrogation of actin polymerization. In contrast, the restoration of RhoA expression through transient overexpression rescued the stress fiber formation defects induced by BAG6 depletion. BAG6 was also necessary for the appropriate assembly of focal adhesions as well as cell migration events. These findings reveal a novel role for BAG6 in maintaining the integrity of actin fiber polymerization and establish BAG6 as a RhoA-stabilizing holdase, which binds to and supports the function of RhoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Miyauchi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Reina Matsumura
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawahara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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24
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Wong DCP, Pan CQ, Er SY, Thivakar T, Rachel TZY, Seah SH, Chua PJ, Jiang T, Chew TW, Chaudhuri PK, Mukherjee S, Salim A, Aye TA, Koh CG, Lim CT, Tan PH, Bay BH, Ridley AJ, Low BC. The scaffold RhoGAP protein ARHGAP8/BPGAP1 synchronizes Rac and Rho signaling to facilitate cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar13. [PMID: 36598812 PMCID: PMC10011724 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-03-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases regulate cell morphogenesis and motility under the tight control of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). However, the underlying mechanism(s) that coordinate their spatiotemporal activities, whether separately or together, remain unclear. We show that a prometastatic RhoGAP, ARHGAP8/BPGAP1, binds to inactive Rac1 and localizes to lamellipodia. BPGAP1 recruits the RacGEF Vav1 under epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation and activates Rac1, leading to polarized cell motility, spreading, invadopodium formation, and cell extravasation and promotes cancer cell migration. Importantly, BPGAP1 down-regulates local RhoA activity, which influences Rac1 binding to BPGAP1 and its subsequent activation by Vav1. Our results highlight the importance of BPGAP1 in recruiting Vav1 and Rac1 to promote Rac1 activation for cell motility. BPGAP1 also serves to control the timing of Rac1 activation with RhoA inactivation via its RhoGAP activity. BPGAP1, therefore, acts as a dual-function scaffold that recruits Vav1 to activate Rac1 while inactivating RhoA to synchronize both Rho and Rac signaling in cell motility. As epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Vav1, RhoA, Rac1, and BPGAP1 are all associated with cancer metastasis, BPGAP1 could provide a crucial checkpoint for the EGFR-BPGAP1-Vav1-Rac1-RhoA signaling axis for cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shi Yin Er
- Cell Signaling and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558
| | - T. Thivakar
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Tan Zi Yi Rachel
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Sock Hong Seah
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Pei Jou Chua
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 117594
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Cell Signaling and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558
| | - Ti Weng Chew
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | | | - Somsubhro Mukherjee
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Agus Salim
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health and School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Thike Aye Aye
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856
| | - Cheng Gee Koh
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 117594
| | - Anne J. Ridley
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Boon Chuan Low
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
- Cell Signaling and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558
- NUS College, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138593
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The Dual Function of RhoGDI2 in Immunity and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044015. [PMID: 36835422 PMCID: PMC9960019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
RhoGDI2 is a guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) specific for the Rho family of small GTPases. It is highly expressed in hematopoietic cells but is also present in a large array of other cell types. RhoGDI2 has been implicated in multiple human cancers and immunity regulation, where it can display a dual role. Despite its involvement in various biological processes, we still do not have a clear understanding of its mechanistic functions. This review sheds a light on the dual opposite role of RhoGDI2 in cancer, highlights its underappreciated role in immunity and proposes ways to explain its intricate regulatory functions.
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Comparative Study on the Sensing Kinetics of Carbon and Nitrogen Nutrients in Cancer Tissues and Normal Tissues Based Electrochemical Biosensors. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031453. [PMID: 36771115 PMCID: PMC9920597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, an electrochemical sensor was developed by immobilizing colon cancer and the adjacent tissues (peripheral healthy tissues on both sides of the tumor) and was used to investigate the receptor sensing kinetics of glucose, sodium glutamate, disodium inosinate, and sodium lactate. The results showed that the electrical signal triggered by the ligand-receptor interaction presented hyperbolic kinetic characteristics similar to the interaction of an enzyme with its substrate. The results indicated that the activation constant values of the colon cancer tissue and adjacent tissues differed by two orders of magnitude for glucose and sodium glutamate and around one order of magnitude for disodium inosinate. The cancer tissues did not sense sodium lactate, whereas the adjacent tissues could sense sodium lactate. Compared with normal cells, cancer cells have significantly improved nutritional sensing ability, and the improvement of cancer cells' sensing ability mainly depends on the cascade amplification of intracellular signals. However, unlike tumor-adjacent tissues, colon cancer cells lose the ability to sense lactate. This provides key evidence for the Warburg effect of cancer cells. The methods and results in this study are expected to provide a new way for cancer research, treatment, the screening of anticancer drugs, and clinical diagnoses.
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ARHGAP15 promotes metastatic colonization in gastric cancer by suppressing RAC1-ROS pathway. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010640. [PMID: 36802400 PMCID: PMC9983873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of tumor metastasis, especially how metastatic tumor cells colonize in a distant site, remains poorly understood. Here we reported that ARHGAP15, a Rho GTPase activating protein, enhanced gastric cancer (GC) metastatic colonization, which was quite different from its reported role as a tumor suppressor gene in other cancers. It was upregulated in metastatic lymph nodes and significantly associated with a poor prognosis. Ectopic expression of ARHGAP15 promoted metastatic colonization of gastric cancer cells in murine lungs and lymph nodes in vivo or protected cells from oxidative-related death in vitro. However, genetic downregulation of ARHGAP15 had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, ARHGAP15 inactivated RAC1 and then decreased intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus enhancing the antioxidant capacity of colonizing tumor cells under oxidative stress. This phenotype could be phenocopied by inhibition of RAC1 or rescued by the introduction of constitutively active RAC1 into cells. Taken together, these findings suggested a novel role of ARHGAP15 in promoting gastric cancer metastasis by quenching ROS through inhibiting RAC1 and its potential value for prognosis estimation and targeted therapy.
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Wang DN, Ni JJ, Li JH, Gao YQ, Ni FJ, Zhang ZZ, Fang JY, Lu J, Yao YF. Bacterial infection promotes tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer via regulating CDC42 acetylation. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011189. [PMID: 36812247 PMCID: PMC9987831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence highlights the role of bacteria in promoting tumorigenesis. The underlying mechanisms may be diverse and remain poorly understood. Here, we report that Salmonella infection leads to extensive de/acetylation changes in host cell proteins. The acetylation of mammalian cell division cycle 42 (CDC42), a member of the Rho family of GTPases involved in many crucial signaling pathways in cancer cells, is drastically reduced after bacterial infection. CDC42 is deacetylated by SIRT2 and acetylated by p300/CBP. Non-acetylated CDC42 at lysine 153 shows an impaired binding of its downstream effector PAK4 and an attenuated phosphorylation of p38 and JNK, consequently reduces cell apoptosis. The reduction in K153 acetylation also enhances the migration and invasion ability of colon cancer cells. The low level of K153 acetylation in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) predicts a poor prognosis. Taken together, our findings suggest a new mechanism of bacterial infection-induced promotion of colorectal tumorigenesis by modulation of the CDC42-PAK axis through manipulation of CDC42 acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Ni Wang
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Jing Ni
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Hui Li
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Phage, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Qi Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Jing Ni
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (Y-FY)
| | - Yu-Feng Yao
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JL); (Y-FY)
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Santos JC, Profitós-Pelejà N, Sánchez-Vinces S, Roué G. RHOA Therapeutic Targeting in Hematological Cancers. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030433. [PMID: 36766776 PMCID: PMC9914237 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Primarily identified as an important regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics, the small GTPase Ras homolog gene family member A (RHOA) has been implicated in the transduction of signals regulating a broad range of cellular functions such as cell survival, migration, adhesion and proliferation. Deregulated activity of RHOA has been linked to the growth, progression and metastasis of various cancer types. Recent cancer genome-wide sequencing studies have unveiled both RHOA gain and loss-of-function mutations in primary leukemia/lymphoma, suggesting that this GTPase may exert tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive functions depending on the cellular context. Based on these observations, RHOA signaling represents an attractive therapeutic target for the development of selective anticancer strategies. In this review, we will summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying RHOA GTPase functions in immune regulation and in the development of hematological neoplasms and will discuss the current strategies aimed at modulating RHOA functions in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Carvalho Santos
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Núria Profitós-Pelejà
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Salvador Sánchez-Vinces
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University Medical School, Braganca Paulista 01246-100, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gaël Roué
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-935572835
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Shen J, Geng L, Li X, Emery C, Kroning K, Shingles G, Lee K, Heyden M, Li P, Wang W. A general method for chemogenetic control of peptide function. Nat Methods 2023; 20:112-122. [PMID: 36481965 PMCID: PMC10069916 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural or engineered peptides serve important biological functions. A general approach to achieve chemical-dependent activation of short peptides will be valuable for spatial and temporal control of cellular processes. Here we present a pair of chemically activated protein domains (CAPs) for controlling the accessibility of both the N- and C-terminal portion of a peptide. CAPs were developed through directed evolution of an FK506-binding protein. By fusing a peptide to one or both CAPs, the function of the peptide is blocked until a small molecule displaces them from the FK506-binding protein ligand-binding site. We demonstrate that CAPs are generally applicable to a range of short peptides, including a protease cleavage site, a dimerization-inducing heptapeptide, a nuclear localization signal peptide, and an opioid peptide, with a chemical dependence up to 156-fold. We show that the CAPs system can be utilized in cell cultures and multiple organs in living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Shen
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lequn Geng
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xingyu Li
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Catherine Emery
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kayla Kroning
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Shingles
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kerry Lee
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthias Heyden
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Liu X, Wang M, Zhang L, Huang L. LncRNA ZFAS1 contributes to osteosarcoma progression via miR-520b and miR-520e-mediated inhibition of RHOC signaling. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78:100143. [PMID: 36473367 PMCID: PMC9727593 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the expression of Lnc-ZFAS1 in osteosarcoma and comprehensively evaluated its effects on osteosarcoma in vitro and vivo. Moreover, we revealed the regulatory mechanism between Lnc-ZFAS1 and miR-520b/miR-520e-mediated RHOC and provided a novel clue for ameliorating osteosarcoma. METHOD The expression of Long non-coding RNA Zinc Finger Antisense 1 (LncRNA ZFAS1) osteosarcoma tissues and normal tissues in the TCGA database was analyzed. Then, LncRNA ZFAS1 expression was further verified in clinical samples and osteosarcoma cell lines (U2OS and KHOS), as well as the human osteoblast cell line hFOB1.19 by qRT-PCR. Thereafter, LncRNA ZFAS1 was overexpressed or silenced to explore its effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). The fundamental mechanism through which Lnc-ZFAS1 affects osteosarcoma progression was further investigated and verified. RESULTS We found that LncRNA ZFAS1 was upregulated in osteosarcoma, and Lnc-ZFAS1 overexpression facilitated osteosarcoma cells proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT, while Lnc-ZFAS1 silence exerted reverse influence. Mechanistically, Lnc-ZFAS1 functionally acted as a sponger of microRNA-520b (miR-520b) and microRNA-520e (miR-520e) to up-regulate Ras Homologue C (RHOC). In addition, depleted Lnc-ZFAS1 restrained osteosarcoma cells proliferation, migration, and invasion, which could be rescued by RHOC overexpression. Lnc-ZFAS1 was upregulated in osteosarcoma and Lnc-ZFAS1 could exert promoted impact upon osteosarcoma cells proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Lnc-ZFAS1 acted sponger of miR-520b and miR-520e to promote RHOC, indicating that Lnc-ZFAS1/miR-520b/RHOC and Lnc-ZFAS1/miR-520e/RHOC axes might serve as potential therapeutic strategies against osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Chen S, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Choi T, Zhao Y. Activation Mechanism of RhoA Caused by Constitutively Activating Mutations G14V and Q63L. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415458. [PMID: 36555100 PMCID: PMC9778661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoA, a member of Rho GTPases, regulates myriad cellular processes. Abnormal expression of RhoA has been implicated in various diseases, including cancers, developmental disorders and bacterial infections. RhoA mutations G14V and Q63L have been reported to constitutively activate RhoA. To figure out the mechanisms, in total, 1.8 μs molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed here on RhoAWT and mutants G14V and Q63L in GTP-bound forms, followed by dynamic analysis. Both mutations were found to affect the conformational dynamics of RhoA switch regions, especially switch I, shifting the whole ensemble from the wild type's open inactive state to different active-like states, where T37 and Mg2+ played important roles. In RhoAG14V, both switches underwent thorough state transition, whereas in RhoAQ63L, only switch I was sustained in a much more closed conformation with additional hydrophobic interactions introduced by L63. Moreover, significantly decreased solvent exposure of the GTP-binding site was observed in both mutants with the surrounding hydrophobic regions expanded, which furnished access to water molecules required for hydrolysis more difficult and thereby impaired GTP hydrolysis. These structural and dynamic differences first suggested the potential activation mechanism of RhoAG14V and RhoAQ63L. Together, our findings complemented the understanding of RhoA activation at the atomic level and can be utilized in the development of novel therapies for RhoA-related diseases.
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ARHGEF37 overexpression promotes extravasation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via directly activating Cdc42. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:230. [PMID: 35869555 PMCID: PMC9308268 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The extravasation capability of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells plays a vital role in distant metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism of extravasation in HCC lung metastasis remains largely unclear. Methods The expression of ARHGEF37 in human HCC specimens and HCC cell lines was examined by quantitative RT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses. The biological roles and mechanisms of ARHGEF37/Cdc42 in promoting lung metastasis were investigated in vitro and in vivo using cell lines, patient samples, xenograft models. Results In the current study, we found that Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 37 (ARHGEF37) was upregulated in human HCC samples and was associated with tumor invasiveness, pulmonary metastasis and poor prognosis. Overexpressing ARHGEF37 significantly enhanced the extravasation and metastatic capability of HCC cells via facilitating tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells and trans-endothelial migration. Mechanistically, ARHGEF37 directly interacted with and activated Cdc42 to promote the invadopodia formation in HCC cells, which consequently disrupted the interaction between endothelial cells and pericytes. Importantly, treatment with ZCL278, a specific inhibitor of Cdc42, dramatically inhibited the attachment of ARHGEF37-overexpressing HCC cells to endothelial cells, and the adherence and extravasation in the lung alveoli, resulting in suppression of lung metastasis in mice. Conclusion Our findings provide a new insight into the underlying mechanisms on the ARHGEF37 overexpression-mediated extravasation and pulmonary metastasis of HCC cells, and provided a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of HCC pulmonary metastasis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02441-y.
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A current overview of RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC functions in vascular biology and pathology. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Das AS, Sherry EC, Vaughan RM, Henderson ML, Zieba J, Uhl KL, Koehn O, Bupp CP, Rajasekaran S, Li X, Chhetri SB, Nissim S, Williams CL, Prokop JW. The complex, dynamic SpliceOme of the small GTPase transcripts altered by technique, sex, genetics, tissue specificity, and RNA base editing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1033695. [PMID: 36467401 PMCID: PMC9714508 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1033695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase family is well-studied in cancer and cellular physiology. With 162 annotated human genes, the family has a broad expression throughout cells of the body. Members of the family have multiple exons that require splicing. Yet, the role of splicing within the family has been underexplored. We have studied the splicing dynamics of small GTPases throughout 41,671 samples by integrating Nanopore and Illumina sequencing techniques. Within this work, we have made several discoveries. 1). Using the GTEx long read data of 92 samples, each small GTPase gene averages two transcripts, with 83 genes (51%) expressing two or more isoforms. 2). Cross-tissue analysis of GTEx from 17,382 samples shows 41 genes (25%) expressing two or more protein-coding isoforms. These include protein-changing transcripts in genes such as RHOA, RAB37, RAB40C, RAB4B, RAB5C, RHOC, RAB1A, RAN, RHEB, RAC1, and KRAS. 3). The isolation and library technique of the RNAseq influences the abundance of non-sense-mediated decay and retained intron transcripts of small GTPases, which are observed more often in genes than appreciated. 4). Analysis of 16,243 samples of "Blood PAXgene" identified seven genes (3.7%; RHOA, RAB40C, RAB4B, RAB37, RAB5B, RAB5C, RHOC) with two or more transcripts expressed as the major isoform (75% of the total gene), suggesting a role of genetics in altering splicing. 5). Rare (ARL6, RAB23, ARL13B, HRAS, NRAS) and common variants (GEM, RHOC, MRAS, RAB5B, RERG, ARL16) can influence splicing and have an impact on phenotypes and diseases. 6). Multiple genes (RAB9A, RAP2C, ARL4A, RAB3A, RAB26, RAB3C, RASL10A, RAB40B, and HRAS) have sex differences in transcript expression. 7). Several exons are included or excluded for small GTPase genes (RASEF, KRAS, RAC1, RHEB, ARL4A, RHOA, RAB30, RHOBTB1, ARL16, RAP1A) in one or more forms of cancer. 8). Ten transcripts are altered in hypoxia (SAR1B, IFT27, ARL14, RAB11A, RAB10, RAB38, RAN, RIT1, RAB9A) with RHOA identified to have a transient 3'UTR RNA base editing at a conserved site found in all of its transcripts. Overall, we show a remarkable and dynamic role of splicing within the small GTPase family that requires future explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha S. Das
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
- Department of Biology, Washington and Jefferson College, Washington, PA, United States
| | - Emily C. Sherry
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, United States
| | - Robert M. Vaughan
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Marian L. Henderson
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
- The Department of Biology, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Jacob Zieba
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
- Genetics and Genome Sciences Program, BioMolecular Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Katie L. Uhl
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Olivia Koehn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Caleb P. Bupp
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
- Medical Genetics, Spectrum Health and Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Surender Rajasekaran
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
- Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
- Office of Research, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Surya B. Chhetri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, United States
| | - Sahar Nissim
- Genetics and Gastroenterology Divisions, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Carol L. Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jeremy W. Prokop
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
- Genetics and Genome Sciences Program, BioMolecular Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Zhang J, Yang HZ, Liu S, Islam MO, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Chen R. PCDH9 suppresses melanoma proliferation and cell migration. Front Oncol 2022; 12:903554. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.903554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMelanoma has dramatically increased during last 30 years with low 5-year survival and prognosis rate.MethodsMelanoma cells (A375 and G361) were chosen as the in vitro model. The immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis and bioinformatics mining exhibited the suppression of PCDH9 on melanoma. The interference and overexpression of PCDH9 were infected by lentivirus. The effects of PCDH9 on melanoma cells were assessed in terms of alteration of PCDH9 such as cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, and wound-healing assay. Moreover, expressions of PCDH9 with other genes (MMP2, MMP9, CCND1, and RAC1) were also assessed by PCR.ResultsThe alteration of PCDH9 has a negative correlation with MMP2, MMP9, and RAC1 but had a positive correlation with CCND1 (Cyclin D1) and apoptosis. Increase of PCDH9 could suppress melanoma cells and inhibit migration but not exert significant effects on cell cycle. IHC showed lower PCDH9 expression in melanoma tissue with main expression in cytoplasm.ConclusionOverexpressed PCDH9 suppressed melanoma cells, and PCDH9 can be considered as an independent prognostic factor for melanoma; even re-expression of PCDH9 can serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for melanoma treatment.
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Therachiyil L, Anand A, Azmi A, Bhat A, Korashy HM, Uddin S. Role of RAS signaling in ovarian cancer. F1000Res 2022; 11:1253. [PMID: 36451660 PMCID: PMC9669513 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.126337.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAS family of proteins is among the most frequently mutated genes in human malignancies. In ovarian cancer (OC), the most lethal gynecological malignancy, RAS, especially KRAS mutational status at codons 12, 13, and 61, ranges from 6-65% spanning different histo-types. Normally RAS regulates several signaling pathways involved in a myriad of cellular signaling cascades mediating numerous cellular processes like cell proliferation, differentiation, invasion, and death. Aberrant activation of RAS leads to uncontrolled induction of several downstream signaling pathways such as RAF-1/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), PI3K phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT, RalGEFs, Rac/Rho, BRAF (v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B), MEK1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1), ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), PKB (protein kinase B) and PKC (protein kinase C) involved in cell proliferation as well as maintenance pathways thereby driving tumorigenesis and cancer cell propagation. KRAS mutation is also known to be a biomarker for poor outcome and chemoresistance in OC. As a malignancy with several histotypes showing varying histopathological characteristics, we focus on reviewing recent literature showcasing the involvement of oncogenic RAS in mediating carcinogenesis and chemoresistance in OC and its subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Therachiyil
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, 3050, Qatar,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Anjana Anand
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, 3050, Qatar
| | | | | | - Hesham M. Korashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, 3050, Qatar,
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Gao Z, Yang YY, Huang M, Qi TF, Wang H, Wang Y. Targeted Proteomic Analysis of Small GTPases in Radioresistant Breast Cancer Cells. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14925-14930. [PMID: 36264766 PMCID: PMC9869664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy benefits more than 50% of all cancer patients and cures 40% of them, where ionizing radiation (IR) deposits energy to cells and tissues, thereby eliciting DNA damage and resulting in cell death. Small GTPases are a superfamily of proteins that play critical roles in cell signaling. Several small GTPases, including RAC1, RHOB, and RALA, were previously shown to modulate radioresistance in cancer cells. However, there is no systematic proteomic study on small GTPases that regulate radioresistance in cancer cells. Herein, we applied a high-throughput scheduled multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) method, along with the use of synthetic stable isotope-labeled (SIL) peptides, to identify differentially expressed small GTPase proteins in two pairs of breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF7, and their corresponding radioresistant cell lines. We identified 7 commonly altered small GTPase proteins with over 1.5-fold changes in the two pairs of cell lines. We also discovered ARFRP1 as a novel regulator of radioresistance, where its downregulation promotes radioresistance in breast cancer cells. Together, this represents the first comprehensive investigation about the differential expression of the small GTPase proteome associated with the development of radioresistance in breast cancer cells. Our work also uncovered ARFRP1 as a new target for enhancing radiation sensitivity in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California92521-0403, United States
| | - Yen-Yu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California92521-0403, United States
| | - Ming Huang
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California92521-0403, United States
| | - Tianyu F Qi
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California92521-0403, United States
| | - Handing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California92521-0403, United States
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California92521-0403, United States
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California92521-0403, United States
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Cai G, Zou R, yang H, Xie J, Chen X, Zheng C, Luo S, Wei N, Liu S, Chen R. Circ_0084043-miR-134-5p axis regulates PCDH9 to suppress melanoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:891476. [PMID: 36387162 PMCID: PMC9641620 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The low survival rates, poor responses, and drug resistance of patients with melanoma make it urgent to find new therapeutic targets. This study investigated whether the circ_0084043-miR-134-5p axis regulates the antitumor effect of protocadherin 9 (PCDH9) in melanoma. Ectopic expression or knock down (KD) of PCDH9 with a lentivirus vector, we explored its effects on the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of melanoma and verified its regulatory effect on ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1), proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2), Cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), and MMP9. We further observed the effect of KD circ_0084043 on the malignant behavior of melanoma and studied whether circ_0084043 sponged miR-134-5p and regulated PCDH9. We found that circ_0084043 was overexpressed in melanoma and associated with the malignant phenotype. PCDH9 was poorly expressed in human melanoma tissues, and overexpression of PCDH9 inhibited melanoma progression. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting results showed that overexpression of PCDH9 could downregulate RAC1, MMP2, and MMP9 and upregulate Pyk2 and Cyclin D1. Circ_0084043 KD inhibited invasion and promoted apoptosis in melanoma cells. Circ_0084043 could sponge miR-134-5p and thus indirectly regulate PCDH9. Furthermore, we discovered that inhibiting circ_0084043 had an anti–PD-Ll effect. In vivo, PCDH9 overexpression inhibited melanoma tumor growth, but PCDH9 KD promoted it. In conclusion, PCDH9, which is regulated by the circ 0084043-miR-134-5p axis, can suppress malignant biological behavior in melanoma and influence the expression levels of Pyk2, RAC1, Cyclin D1, MMP2, and MMP9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyue Cai
- Dermatology Department, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ruitao Zou
- Dermatology Department, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Huizhi yang
- Dermatology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Xie
- Dermatology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- Clinical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chunchan Zheng
- Dermatology Department, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sujun Luo
- Dermatology Department, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Wei
- Dermatology Department, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Dermatology Department, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuang Liu, ; Rongyi Chen,
| | - Rongyi Chen
- Dermatology Department, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Shuang Liu, ; Rongyi Chen,
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Borah S, Dhanasekaran K, Kumar S. The LEM-ESCRT toolkit: Repair and maintenance of the nucleus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:989217. [PMID: 36172278 PMCID: PMC9512039 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.989217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic genome is enclosed in a nuclear envelope that protects it from potentially damaging cellular activities and physically segregates transcription and translation.Transport across the NE is highly regulated and occurs primarily via the macromolecular nuclear pore complexes.Loss of nuclear compartmentalization due to defects in NPC function and NE integrity are tied to neurological and ageing disorders like Alzheimer’s, viral pathogenesis, immune disorders, and cancer progression.Recent work implicates inner-nuclear membrane proteins of the conserved LEM domain family and the ESCRT machinery in NE reformation during cell division and NE repair upon rupture in migrating cancer cells, and generating seals over defective NPCs. In this review, we discuss the recent in-roads made into defining the molecular mechanisms and biochemical networks engaged by LEM and many other integral inner nuclear membrane proteins to preserve the nuclear barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapan Borah
- National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- *Correspondence: Sapan Borah, ; Karthigeyan Dhanasekaran, ; Santosh Kumar,
| | - Karthigeyan Dhanasekaran
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- *Correspondence: Sapan Borah, ; Karthigeyan Dhanasekaran, ; Santosh Kumar,
| | - Santosh Kumar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- *Correspondence: Sapan Borah, ; Karthigeyan Dhanasekaran, ; Santosh Kumar,
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Bousgouni V, Inge O, Robertson D, Jones I, Clatworthy I, Bakal C. ARHGEF9 regulates melanoma morphogenesis in environments with diverse geometry and elasticity by promoting filopodial-driven adhesion. iScience 2022; 25:104795. [PMID: 36039362 PMCID: PMC9418690 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTP Exchange Factors (RhoGEFs) and Rho GTPase Activating Proteins (RhoGAPs) are large families of molecules that regulate shape determination in all eukaryotes. In pathologies such as melanoma, RhoGEF and RhoGAP activity underpins the ability of cells to invade tissues of varying elasticity. To identify RhoGEFs and RhoGAPs that regulate melanoma cell shape on soft and/or stiff materials, we performed genetic screens, in tandem with single-cell quantitative morphological analysis. We show that ARHGEF9/Collybistin (Cb) is essential for cell shape determination on both soft and stiff materials, and in cells embedded in 3D soft hydrogel. ARHGEF9 is required for melanoma cells to invade 3D matrices. Depletion of ARHGEF9 results in loss of tension at focal adhesions decreased cell-wide contractility, and the inability to stabilize protrusions. Taken together we show that ARHGEF9 promotes the formation of actin-rich filopodia, which serves to establish and stabilize adhesions and determine melanoma cell shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Bousgouni
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Oliver Inge
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - David Robertson
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ian Jones
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Innes Clatworthy
- Core Research Laboratories, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Chris Bakal
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
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Bandekar SJ, Chen CL, Ravala SK, Cash JN, Avramova LV, Zhalnina MV, Gutkind JS, Li S, Tesmer JJG. Structural/functional studies of Trio provide insights into its configuration and show that conserved linker elements enhance its activity for Rac1. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102209. [PMID: 35779635 PMCID: PMC9372627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Trio is a large and highly conserved metazoan signaling scaffold that contains two Dbl family guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) modules, TrioN and TrioC, selective for Rac and RhoA GTPases, respectively. The GEF activities of TrioN and TrioC are implicated in several cancers, especially uveal melanoma. However, little is known about how these modules operate in the context of larger fragments of Trio. Here we show via negative stain electron microscopy that the N-terminal region of Trio is extended and could thus serve as a rigid spacer between the N-terminal putative lipid-binding domain and TrioN, whereas the C-terminal half of Trio seems globular. We found that regions C-terminal to TrioN enhance its Rac1 GEF activity and thus could play a regulatory role. We went on to characterize a minimal, well-behaved Trio fragment with enhanced activity, Trio1284-1959, in complex with Rac1 using cryo-electron microscopy and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and found that the region conferring enhanced activity is disordered. Deletion of two different strongly conserved motifs in this region eliminated this enhancement, suggesting that they form transient intramolecular interactions that promote GEF activity. Because Dbl family RhoGEF modules have been challenging to directly target with small molecules, characterization of accessory Trio domains such as these may provide alternate routes for the development of therapeutics that inhibit Trio activity in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit J Bandekar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chun-Liang Chen
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Sandeep K Ravala
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jennifer N Cash
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Larisa V Avramova
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Mariya V Zhalnina
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John J G Tesmer
- Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
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Structural insights into the binding of nanobody Rh57 to active RhoA-GTP. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 616:122-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Alibardi L. Immunolocalization of tumor suppressors arhgap28 and retinoblastoma in the lizard Podarcis muralis suggests that they contribute to the regulated regeneration of the tail. J Morphol 2022; 283:973-986. [PMID: 35708299 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tail regeneration in lizards is an outstanding and unique postembryonic morphogenetic process. This developmental process is regulated by poorly known factors, but recent studies have suggested that it derives from a balanced activity between oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. Transcriptome and expression data have indicated that arhgap28 and retinoblastoma proteins are among the main tumor suppressors activated during tail regeneration. However, their cellular localization is not known. Therefore, in the present immunohistochemical study, two proteins have been detected in various tissues at the beginning of their differentiation. Both proteins are present especially in the new scales, axial cartilage, and muscle bundles of the regenerating tail, the main tissues forming the new tail. Sparse or occasionally labeled cells are observed in the blastema, but intense labeling is seen in the basal layers of the wound (regenerating) epidermis and in external differentiating epidermal layers. Numerous keratinocytes also show a nuclear localization for both proteins, suggesting that the latter may activate a gene program for tissue differentiation after the inhibition of cell multiplication. Based on microscopic, molecular, experimental, and in vitro studies, a hypothesis on the "inhibition of contact" among the apical cells of the blastema and those of proximal differentiating tissues is proposed to explain the permanence of an active blastema only at the apex of the regenerating tail without tail growth can degenerate into a tumorigenic outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Alibardi
- Comparative Histolab, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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45
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RACGAP1 promotes proliferation and cell cycle progression by regulating CDC25C in cervical cancer cells. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Kumar H, Kumar RM, Bhattacharjee D, Somanna P, Jain V. Role of Nrf2 Signaling Cascade in Breast Cancer: Strategies and Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:720076. [PMID: 35571115 PMCID: PMC9098811 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.720076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cancer among all types of cancers. It accounts for 12% of the total cases of cancers. The complex and heterogeneous nature of breast cancer makes it difficult to treat in advanced stages. The expression of various enzymes and proteins is regulated by several molecular pathways. Oxidative stress plays a vital role in cellular events that are generally regulated by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The exact mechanism of Nrf2 behind cytoprotective and antioxidative properties is still under investigation. In healthy cells, Nrf2 expression is lower, which maintains antioxidative stress; however, cancerous cells overexpress Nrf2, which is associated with various phenomena, such as the development of drug resistance, angiogenesis, development of cancer stem cells, and metastasis. Aberrant Nrf2 expression diminishes the toxicity and potency of therapeutic anticancer drugs and provides cytoprotection to cancerous cells. In this article, we have discussed the attributes associated with Nrf2 in the development of drug resistance, angiogenesis, cancer stem cell generation, and metastasis in the specific context of breast cancer. We also discussed the therapeutic strategies employed against breast cancer exploiting Nrf2 signaling cascades.
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Yokoyama Y, Iioka H, Horii A, Kondo E. Crumbs3 is expressed in oral squamous cell carcinomas and promotes cell migration and proliferation by affecting RhoA activity. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:173. [PMID: 35497937 PMCID: PMC9019858 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent progression of treatments, the 5-year survival rate of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still poor. One of the most critical factors affecting prognosis is tumor metastasis. Developing novel molecular targeted therapies by analyzing the molecular pathway of OSCC metastasis is an urgent issue. The present study aimed to characterize the expression and function of crumbs3 (Crb3) in OSCC cell migration. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting revealed that Crb3 was expressed in tissues from patients with OSCC and OSCC cell lines. The motility of OSCC cell lines was decreased by knockdown of Crb3 without affecting proliferation. However, Crb3-knockout (KO) clones exhibited decreases in both cell migration and proliferation. The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers was not altered in Crb3-KO clones compared with parent cells. A xenograft mouse model of lung metastasis revealed that the metastatic potential of Crb3-KO clones was reduced. As seen with Crb3-KO clones, the motility of OSCC cells was decreased by treatment with inhibitors of RhoA activation. Serum-induced activation of RhoA in OSCC cells was evaluated by comparing the amount of GTP-bound RhoA using affinity matrices, revealing that RhoA activation was decreased in Crb3-KO clones. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to demonstrate that Crb3 was expressed in squamous cell carcinoma tissues and promoted cell migration and proliferation, which was associated with RhoA activation in OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yokoyama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951‑8510, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Iioka
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951‑8510, Japan
| | - Arata Horii
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951‑8510, Japan
| | - Eisaku Kondo
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951‑8510, Japan
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CDC42 Regulates Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Bladder Cancer via the IQGAP3-Mediated Ras/ERK Pathway. Biochem Genet 2022; 60:2383-2398. [PMID: 35412170 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumour of the urinary system. The current conventional treatments for BC have certain limitations. It is very urgent and necessary to find new treatment strategies for BC. Our study elucidated the underlying regulatory mechanisms of cell division control protein 42 homologue (CDC42) to regulate the development of BC. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the expression of CDC42 and IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 3 (IQGAP3) in BC tissues and BC cells. We induced the knockdown or overexpression by transfecting sh-CDC42 or oe-IQGAP3 into BC cells. In addition, cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Moreover, proteins involved in the rat sarcoma (Ras)/extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway were determined by Western blot. The expression of CDC42 and IQGAP3 was markedly upregulated in both BC tissues and BC cells. CDC42 silencing downregulated the expression of IQGAP3 and suppressed the Ras/ERK pathway. In addition, CDC42 silencing markedly promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in BC cells. Further experiments showed that overexpression of IQGAP3 dramatically abolished the bioeffects mediated by CDC42 silencing on the proliferation and apoptosis of BC cells. All our results suggested that CDC42 promoted the Ras/ERK pathway by regulating IQGAP3, thus enhancing cell proliferation and suppressing cell apoptosis in BC cells and ultimately participating in the pathogenesis of BC.
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Xia N, Yang N, Shan Q, Wang Z, Liu X, Chen Y, Lu J, Huang W, Wang Z. HNRNPC regulates RhoA to induce DNA damage repair and cancer-associated fibroblast activation causing radiation resistance in pancreatic cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2322-2336. [PMID: 35277915 PMCID: PMC8995438 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal types of cancer due to its asymptomatic nature in the early stages and consequent late diagnosis. Its mortality rate remains high despite advances in treatment strategies, which include a combination of surgical resection and adjuvant therapy. Although these approaches may have a positive effect on prognosis, the development of chemo- and radioresistance still poses a significant challenge for successful PC treatment. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C1/C2 (HNRNPC) and RhoA have been implicated in the regulation of tumour cell proliferation and chemo- and radioresistance. Our study aims to investigate the mechanism for HNRNPC regulation of PC radiation resistance via the RhoA pathway. We found that HNRNPC and RhoA mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher in PC tissues compared to adjacent non-tumour tissue. Furthermore, high HNRNPC expression was associated with poor patient prognosis. Using HNRNPC overexpression and siRNA interference, we demonstrated that HNRNPC overexpression promoted radiation resistance in PC cells, while HNRNPC knockdown increased radiosensitivity. However, silencing of RhoA expression was shown to attenuate radiation resistance caused by HNRNPC overexpression. Next, we identified RhoA as a downstream target of HNRNPC and showed that inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK2-YAP/TAZ pathway led to a reduction in DNA damage repair and radiation resistance. Finally, using both in vitro assays and an in vivo subcutaneous tumour xenograft model, we demonstrated that RhoA inhibition can hinder the activity of cancer-related fibroblasts and weaken PC radiation resistance. Our study describes a role for HNRNPC and the RhoA/ROCK2-YAP/TAZ signalling pathways in mediating radiation resistance and provides a potential therapeutic target for improving the treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xia
- Department of RadiologyRuijin Hospital Luwan BranchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Nannan Yang
- Department of RadiologyRuijin Hospital Luwan BranchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Qungang Shan
- Department of Interventional RadiologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ziyin Wang
- Department of Interventional RadiologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Interventional RadiologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yingjie Chen
- Department of Interventional RadiologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of RadiologyRuijin Hospital Luwan BranchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Interventional RadiologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhongmin Wang
- Department of RadiologyRuijin Hospital Luwan BranchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of Interventional RadiologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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50
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Paunas FTI, Finne K, Leh S, Marti HP, Berven F, Vikse BE. Proteomic signature of tubulointerstitial tissue predicts prognosis in IgAN. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:118. [PMID: 35331167 PMCID: PMC8943973 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is associated with a significant risk of progression to kidney failure. Tubular atrophy is an established important risk factor for progressive disease, but few studies have investigated tubulointerstitial molecular markers and mechanisms of progression in IgAN. METHODS Based on data from the Norwegian Renal Registry, two groups were included: IgAN patients with (n = 9) or without (n = 18) progression to kidney failure during 10 years of follow-up. Tubulointerstitial tissue without discernible interstitial expansion or pronounced tubular alterations was microdissected, proteome was analysed using tandem mass spectrometry and relative protein abundances were compared between groups. RESULTS Proteome analyses quantified 2562 proteins with at least 2 unique peptides. Of these, 150 proteins had significantly different abundance between progressive and non-progressive IgAN patients, 67 were more abundant and 83 less abundant. Periostin was the protein with the highest fold change between progressive and non-progressive IgAN (fold change 8.75, p < 0.05) and periostin staining was also stronger in patients with progressive vs non-progressive IgAN. Reactome pathway analyses showed that proteins related to inflammation were more abundant and proteins involved in mitochondrial translation were significantly less abundant in progressive vs non-progressive patients. CONCLUSIONS Microdissection of tubulointerstitial tissue with only mild damage allowed for identification of proteome markers of early progressive IgAN. Periostin abundance showed promise as a novel and important risk marker of progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Teodora Ioana Paunas
- Department of Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kenneth Finne
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sabine Leh
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans-Peter Marti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode Berven
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Egil Vikse
- Department of Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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