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Barnett RC, Lewis AN, Gong Q, Preston DL, Frazer LC, Werthammer JW, Good M. Modulation of intestinal TLR4 expression in infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. J Perinatol 2024; 44:1125-1131. [PMID: 38151596 PMCID: PMC11209831 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-023-01859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS) has been associated with the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in term and late-preterm neonates. In this study, we used stool gene expression to determine if an increase in baseline inflammation in the intestine of infants with NOWS is associated with these findings. STUDY DESIGN Stool samples were prospectively collected between days 1-3 and days 4-9 after delivery for opioid-exposed ( n = 9) or non-exposed neonates (n = 8). Stool gene expression for TLR4 and HMGB1 was determined via real-time PCR. RESULTS TLR4 expression was higher in the stool of the non-exposed group in both time periods, between days 1-3 (P < 0.0001) and days 4-9 (P < 0.05) after delivery. No significant difference in HMGB1 expression was found at either time point (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings point to an important interplay between opioid exposure and/or NOWS and the inflammatory milieu of the neonatal intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Barnett
- Department of Pediatrics, Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Angela N Lewis
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qingqing Gong
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deborah L Preston
- Department of Pediatrics, Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Lauren C Frazer
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph W Werthammer
- Department of Pediatrics, Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Misty Good
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Fukuda R, Pak K, Kiuchi M, Hirata N, Mochimaru N, Tanaka R, Mitsui M, Ohya Y, Yoshida K. Longitudinal Correlations between Molecular Compositions of Stratum Corneum and Breast Milk Factors during Infancy: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1897. [PMID: 38931252 PMCID: PMC11206726 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast milk contains numerous factors that are involved in the maturation of the immune system and development of the gut microbiota in infants. These factors include transforming growth factor-β1 and 2, immunoglobin A, and lactoferrin. Breast milk factors may also affect epidermal differentiation and the stratum corneum (SC) barrier in infants, but no studies examining these associations over time during infancy have been reported. In this single-center exploratory study, we measured the molecular components of the SC using confocal Raman spectroscopy at 0, 1, 2, 6, and 12 months of age in 39 infants born at our hospital. Breast milk factor concentrations from their mothers' breast milk were determined. Correlation coefficients for the two datasets were estimated for each molecular component of the SC and breast milk factor at each age and SC depth. The results showed that breast milk factors and molecular components of the SC during infancy were partly correlated with infant age in months and SC depth, suggesting that breast milk factors influence the maturation of the SC components. These findings may improve understanding of the pathogenesis of skin diseases associated with skin barrier abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Fukuda
- Division of Dermatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; (R.F.); (R.T.)
| | - Kyongsun Pak
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Data Management, Center of Clinical Research and Development, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Megumi Kiuchi
- Division of Research and Development, Pigeon Corporation, Ibaraki 300-2495, Japan
| | - Naoko Hirata
- Division of Research and Development, Pigeon Corporation, Ibaraki 300-2495, Japan
| | - Naoko Mochimaru
- Division of Dermatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; (R.F.); (R.T.)
| | - Ryo Tanaka
- Division of Dermatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; (R.F.); (R.T.)
| | - Mari Mitsui
- Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ohya
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kazue Yoshida
- Division of Dermatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; (R.F.); (R.T.)
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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3
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McLeod A, Wolf P, Chapkin RS, Davidson LA, Ivanov I, Berbaum M, Williams LR, Gaskins HR, Ridlon J, Sanchez-Flack J, Blumstein L, Schiffer L, Hamm A, Cares K, Antonic M, Bernabe BP, Fitzgibbon M, Tussing-Humphreys L. Design of the Building Research in CRC prevention (BRIDGE-CRC) trial: a 6-month, parallel group Mediterranean diet and weight loss randomized controlled lifestyle intervention targeting the bile acid-gut microbiome axis to reduce colorectal cancer risk among African American/Black adults with obesity. Trials 2023; 24:113. [PMID: 36793105 PMCID: PMC9930092 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among all racial/ethnic groups, people who identify as African American/Blacks have the second highest colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in the USA. This disparity may exist because African American/Blacks, compared to other racial/ethnic groups, have a higher prevalence of risk factors for CRC, including obesity, low fiber consumption, and higher intakes of fat and animal protein. One unexplored, underlying mechanism of this relationship is the bile acid-gut microbiome axis. High saturated fat, low fiber diets, and obesity lead to increases in tumor promoting secondary bile acids. Diets high in fiber, such as a Mediterranean diet, and intentional weight loss may reduce CRC risk by modulating the bile acid-gut microbiome axis. The purpose of this study is to test the impact of a Mediterranean diet alone, weight loss alone, or both, compared to typical diet controls on the bile acid-gut microbiome axis and CRC risk factors among African American/Blacks with obesity. Because weight loss or a Mediterranean diet alone can reduce CRC risk, we hypothesize that weight loss plus a Mediterranean diet will reduce CRC risk the most. METHODS This randomized controlled lifestyle intervention will randomize 192 African American/Blacks with obesity, aged 45-75 years to one of four arms: Mediterranean diet, weight loss, weight loss plus Mediterranean diet, or typical diet controls, for 6 months (48 per arm). Data will be collected at baseline, mid-study, and study end. Primary outcomes include total circulating and fecal bile acids, taurine-conjugated bile acids, and deoxycholic acid. Secondary outcomes include body weight, body composition, dietary change, physical activity, metabolic risk, circulating cytokines, gut microbial community structure and composition, fecal short-chain fatty acids, and expression levels of genes from exfoliated intestinal cells linked to carcinogenesis. DISCUSSION This study will be the first randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of a Mediterranean diet, weight loss, or both on bile acid metabolism, the gut microbiome, and intestinal epithelial genes associated with carcinogenesis. This approach to CRC risk reduction may be especially important among African American/Blacks given their higher risk factor profile and increased CRC incidence. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04753359 . Registered on 15 February 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew McLeod
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL USA
| | - Patricia Wolf
- grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Nutrition, Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, and Center for Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Laurie A. Davidson
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Nutrition, Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, and Center for Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Nutrition, Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, and Center for Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA ,grid.264756.40000 0004 4687 2082Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, and Center for Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Michael Berbaum
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL USA
| | - Lauren R. Williams
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Mile Square Health Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - H. Rex Gaskins
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Jason Ridlon
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Jen Sanchez-Flack
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL USA ,grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Lara Blumstein
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL USA
| | - Linda Schiffer
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL USA
| | - Alyshia Hamm
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kate Cares
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Mirjana Antonic
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL USA
| | - Beatriz Penalver Bernabe
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Marian Fitzgibbon
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, USA. .,University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Donovan SM, Abrams SA, Azad MB, Belfort MB, Bode L, Carlson SE, Dallas DC, Hettinga K, Järvinen K, Kim JH, Lebrilla CB, McGuire MK, Sela DA, Neu J. Summary of the joint National Institutes of Health and the Food and Drug Administration workshop titled "exploring the science surrounding the safe use of bioactive ingredients in infant formula: Considerations for an assessment framework". J Pediatr 2022; 255:30-41.e1. [PMID: 36463938 PMCID: PMC10121942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Steven A Abrams
- Department of Pediatrics Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Mandy B Belfort
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics and Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Susan E Carlson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Kansas University Medical Center and The University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS
| | - David C Dallas
- Department of Nutrition, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Kasper Hettinga
- Department of Food Sciences and Agrotechnology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kirsi Järvinen
- Department of Pediatrics, Golisano Children's Hospital and University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Jae H Kim
- Perinatal Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | | | - David A Sela
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA
| | - Josef Neu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
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5
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McConnel CS, Slanzon GS, Parrish LM, Trombetta SC, Shaw LF, Moore DA, Sischo WM. Transcriptional changes detected in fecal RNA from neonatal dairy calves of different breeds following gastrointestinal disease of varying severity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278664. [PMID: 36454999 PMCID: PMC9714867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) disease is a major health concern in preweaned dairy calves. The objective of this fixed cohort study was to use RNA isolated from preweaned Holstein and Jersey heifer calf feces to study the molecular adaptations to variable clinical GI disease. The study was conducted on a commercial calf ranch in the western U.S. Enrolled calves were assessed twice daily for variations in demeanor, milk intake, and hydration. Fecal consistency scores were recorded at enrollment (day 1), and on the day (day 10) that a fecal sample was collected for differential gene expression (DGE). Calves with diarrhea on either day were classified as having either uncomplicated, localized GI disease (scours), or systemic GI disease (systemic enteritis). Eighty-four calves' fecal RNA was evaluated for DGE, of which 33 calves (n = 20 Holstein; n = 13 Jersey) were consistently healthy. The remaining 51 calves (n = 23 Holstein; n = 28 Jersey) experienced varying severity of GI disease during the sampling window. Genes of interest were related to the inflammatory response (i.e., IFNG, NFKB1, NOD2, TLR2, and TLR4) and cell membrane or cytoplasmic transport (i.e., AQP3, FABP2, KRT8 and SLC5A1). Breed-specific findings indicated that AQP3, IFNG, and TLR4 were upregulated in Holsteins with systemic enteritis, whereas KRT8 was downregulated in systemically affected Jerseys. Holsteins did not appear affected by scours aside from a tendency for DGE of toll-like receptors (TLRs) on the day of diarrhea. However, Jersey calves consistently demonstrated a tendency to upregulate IFNG, NFKB1, and TLR4 when affected with either scours or systemic enteritis. These findings were more pronounced in systemically affected Jersey calves and were observed as a delayed response to both scours and systemic enteritis. These findings support previous observations suggesting that Holstein calves may be better equipped than Jersey calves to rapidly fight pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. S. McConnel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Field Disease Investigation Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - G. S. Slanzon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Field Disease Investigation Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - L. M. Parrish
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Field Disease Investigation Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - S. C. Trombetta
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Field Disease Investigation Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - L. F. Shaw
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Field Disease Investigation Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - D. A. Moore
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Field Disease Investigation Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - W. M. Sischo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Field Disease Investigation Unit, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
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Rassie K, Mousa A, Joham A, Teede HJ. Metabolic Conditions Including Obesity, Diabetes, and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Implications for Breastfeeding and Breastmilk Composition. Semin Reprod Med 2021; 39:111-132. [PMID: 34433215 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Breastfeeding is internationally recognized as the recommended standard for infant nutrition, informed by evidence of its multiple benefits for both mother and baby. In the context of common metabolic conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome, diabetes (type 1, type 2, and gestational), and obesity, breastfeeding may be particularly beneficial for both mother and infant. However, there is evidence of delayed lactogenesis and reduced breastfeeding rates and duration in women with these conditions, and the effects of altered maternal metabolic environments on breastmilk composition (and potentially infant outcomes) are incompletely understood. In this review, we explore the relationships between maternal metabolic conditions, lactogenesis, breastfeeding, and breastmilk composition. We examine relevant potential mechanisms, including the central role of insulin both in lactogenesis and as a milk-borne hormone. We also describe the bioactive and hormonal components of breastmilk and how these may link maternal and infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Rassie
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anju Joham
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helena J Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
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7
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Yoon G, Davidson LA, Goldsby JS, Mullens DA, Ivanov I, Donovan SM, Chapkin RS. Exfoliated epithelial cell transcriptome reflects both small and large intestinal cell signatures in piglets. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G41-G51. [PMID: 33949197 PMCID: PMC8321797 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00017.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Assessing intestinal development and host-microbe interactions in healthy human infants requires noninvasive approaches. We have shown that the transcriptome of exfoliated epithelial cells in feces can differentiate breast-fed and formula-fed infants and term and preterm infants. However, it is not fully understood which regions of the intestine that the exfoliated cells represent. Herein, the transcriptional profiles of exfoliated cells with that of the ileal and colonic mucosa were compared. We hypothesized that exfoliated cells in the distal colon would reflect mucosal signatures of more proximal regions of the gut. Two-day-old piglets (n = 8) were fed formulas for 20 days. Luminal contents and mucosa were collected from ileum (IL), ascending colon (AC), and descending (DC) colon, and mRNA was extracted and sequenced. On average, ∼13,000 genes were mapped in mucosal tissues and ∼10,000 in luminal contents. The intersection of detected genes between three mucosa regions and DC exfoliome indicated an approximately 99% overlap. On average, 49% of the genes in IL, AC, and DC mucosa were present in the AC and DC exfoliome. Genes expressed predominantly in specific anatomic sites (stomach, pancreas, small intestine, colon) were detectable in exfoliated cells. In addition, gene markers for all intestinal epithelial cell types were expressed in the exfoliome representing a diverse array of cell types arising from both the small and large intestine. Genes were mapped to nutrient absorption and transport and immune function. Thus, the exfoliome represents a robust reservoir of information in which to assess intestinal development and responses to dietary interventions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The transcriptome of exfoliated epithelial cells in stool contain gene signatures from both small and large intestinal mucosa affording a noninvasive approach to assess gut health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Yoon
- 1Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Laurie A. Davidson
- 2Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station Texas,3Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jennifer S. Goldsby
- 2Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station Texas,3Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Destiny A. Mullens
- 3Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas,4Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- 4Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Sharon M. Donovan
- 5Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- 2Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station Texas,3Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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8
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Bardanzellu F, Puddu M, Peroni DG, Fanos V. The clinical impact of maternal weight on offspring health: lights and shadows in breast milk metabolome. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:571-606. [PMID: 34107825 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1940143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity, depending on maternal nutrition and metabolic state, can influence fetal, neonatal and long-term offspring health, regarding cardio-metabolic, respiratory, immunological and cognitive outcomes. Thus, maternal weight can act, through mechanisms that are not full understood, on the physiology and metabolism of some fetal organs and tissues, to adapt themselves to the intrauterine environment and nutritional reserves. These effects could occur by modulating gene expression, neonatal microbiome, and through breastfeeding. AREAS COVERED In this paper, we investigated the potential effects of metabolites found altered in breast milk (BM) of overweight/obese mothers, through an extensive review of metabolomics studies, and the potential short- and long-term clinical effects in the offspring, especially regarding overweight, glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, infections, immune processes, and neurodevelopment. EXPERT OPINION Metabolomics seems the ideal tool to investigate BM variation depending on maternal or fetal/neonatal factors. In particular, BM metabolome alterations according to maternal conditions were recently pointed out in cases of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction and maternal overweight/obesity. In our opinion, even if BM is the food of choice in neonatal nutrition, the deepest comprehension of its composition in overweight/obese mothers could allow targeted supplementation, to improve offspring health and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Bardanzellu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU and University of Cagliari. SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato. Italy
| | - Melania Puddu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU and University of Cagliari. SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato. Italy
| | - Diego Giampietro Peroni
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine Department, section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Italy. Via Roma, 55, 56126 Pisa PI, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU and University of Cagliari. SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato. Italy
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9
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Abstract
Commensal microbial communities have immense effects on their vertebrate hosts, contributing to a number of physiological functions, as well as host fitness. In particular, host immunity is strongly linked to microbiota composition through poorly understood bi-directional links. Gene expression may be a potential mediator of these links between microbial communities and host function. However, few studies have investigated connections between microbiota composition and expression of host immune genes in complex systems. Here, we leverage a large study of laboratory-raised fish from the species Gasterosteus aculeatus (three-spined stickleback) to document correlations between gene expression and microbiome composition. First, we examined correlations between microbiome alpha diversity and gene expression. Our results demonstrate robust positive associations between microbial alpha diversity and expression of host immune genes. Next, we examined correlations between host gene expression and abundance of microbial taxa. We identified 15 microbial families that were highly correlated with host gene expression. These families were all tightly correlated with host expression of immune genes and processes, falling into one of three categories—those positively correlated, negatively correlated, and neutrally related to immune processes. Furthermore, we highlight several important immune processes that are commonly associated with the abundance of these taxa, including both macrophage and B cell functions. Further functional characterization of microbial taxa will help disentangle the mechanisms of the correlations described here. In sum, our study supports prevailing hypotheses of intimate links between host immunity and gut microbiome composition.
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10
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Hussain M, Li X, Wang L, Qayum A, Liu L, Zhang X, Hussain A, Koko M, Baigalmaa P. Recent Approaches and Methods for the Formulation of a Risk Free Infant Formula: Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1901113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hussain
- Department of Food Science, Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Department of Food Science, Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Food Science, Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Department of Food Science, Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Food Science, Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Department of Food Science, Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Abdul Qayum
- Department of Food Science, Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Department of Food Science, Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Food Science, Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Department of Food Science, Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuxiu Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Department of Food Science, Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Abid Hussain
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Marwa Koko
- Department of Food, Greases and Vegetable Protein Engineering, School of Food Sciences, Northeast Agriculture University Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - Purevsuren Baigalmaa
- Department of Food Science, Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Department of Food Science, Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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11
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Assessing the Multivariate Relationship between the Human Infant Intestinal Exfoliated Cell Transcriptome (Exfoliome) and Microbiome in Response to Diet. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8122032. [PMID: 33353204 PMCID: PMC7766018 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8122032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota and the host exist in a mutualistic relationship, with the functional composition of the microbiota strongly influencing the health and well-being of the host. In addition to the standard differential expression analysis of host genes to assess the complex cross-talk between environment (diet), microbiome, and host intestinal physiology, data-driven integrative approaches are needed to identify potential biomarkers of both host genes and microbial communities that characterize these interactions. Our findings demonstrate that the complementary application of univariate differential gene expression analysis and multivariate approaches such as sparse Canonical Correlation Analysis (sCCA) and sparse Principal Components Analysis (sPCA) can be used to integrate data from both the healthy infant gut microbial community and host transcriptome (exfoliome) using stool derived exfoliated cells shed from the gut. These approaches reveal host genes and microbial functional categories related to the feeding phenotype of the infants. Our findings also confirm that combinatorial noninvasive -omic approaches provide an integrative genomics-based perspective of neonatal host-gut microbiome interactions.
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12
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Osorio JS. Gut health, stress, and immunity in neonatal dairy calves: the host side of host-pathogen interactions. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:105. [PMID: 33292513 PMCID: PMC7649058 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cumulative evidence that perinatal events have long-lasting ripple effects through the life of livestock animals should impact future nutritional and management recommendations at the farm level. The implications of fetal programming due to malnutrition, including neonatal survival and lower birth weights, have been characterized, particularly during early and mid-gestation, when placental and early fetal stages are being developed. The accelerated fetal growth during late pregnancy has been known for some time, while the impact of maternal stressors during this time on fetal development and by extent its postnatal repercussions on health and performance are still being defined. Maternal stressors during late pregnancy cannot only influence colostrogenesis but also compromise adequate intestinal development in the fetus, thus, that further limits the newborn's ability to absorb nutrients, bioactive compounds, and immunity (i.e., immunoglobulins, cytokines, and immune cells) from colostrum. These negative effects set the newborn calf to a challenging start in life by compromising passive immunity and intestinal maturation needed to establish a mature postnatal mucosal immune system while needing to digest and absorb nutrients in milk or milk replacer. Besides the dense-nutrient content and immunity in colostrum, it contains bioactive compounds such as growth factors, hormones, and cholesterol as well as molecular signals or instructions [e.g., microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)] transferred from mother to offspring with the aim to influence postnatal gut maturation. The recent change in paradigm regarding prenatal materno-fetal microbiota inoculation and likely the presence of microbiota in the developing fetus intestine needs to be addressed in future research in ruminants. There still much to know on what prenatal or postnatal factors may predispose neonates to become susceptible to enteropathogens (e.g., enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli), causing diarrhea. From the host-side of this host-pathogen interaction, molecular data such as fecal RNA could, over time, help fill those gaps in knowledge. In addition, merging this novel fecal RNA approach with more established microbiome techniques can provide a more holistic picture of an enteropathogenesis and potentially uncover control points that can be addressed through management or nutrition at the farm level to minimize preweaning morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan S Osorio
- Dairy and Food Science Department, South Dakota State University, 113 H Alfred Dairy Science Hall, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
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13
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Pammi M, De Plaen IG, Maheshwari A. Recent Advances in Necrotizing Enterocolitis Research: Strategies for Implementation in Clinical Practice. Clin Perinatol 2020; 47:383-397. [PMID: 32439118 PMCID: PMC7245582 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a complex inflammatory necrosis of the neonatal intestine, which is likely to require a multipronged approach for prevention and treatment. Despite identifying and defining NEC as a disease entity several decades back, no major progress has been made toward its early identification, treatment, or prevention. This article reviews the latest research strategies that are currently ongoing for early diagnosis and monitoring and prevention of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Pammi
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Isabelle G. De Plaen
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Akhil Maheshwari
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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14
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Zannoni A, Pietra M, Gaspardo A, Accorsi PA, Barone M, Turroni S, Laghi L, Zhu C, Brigidi P, Forni M. Non-invasive Assessment of Fecal Stress Biomarkers in Hunting Dogs During Exercise and at Rest. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:126. [PMID: 32373631 PMCID: PMC7186473 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense exercise causes to organisms to have oxidative stress and inflammation at the gastrointestinal (GI) level. The reduction in intestinal blood flow and the exercise-linked thermal damage to the intestinal mucosa can cause intestinal barrier disruption, followed by an inflammatory response. Furthermore, the adaptation to exercise may affect the gut microbiota and the metabolome of the biofluids. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the presence of a GI derangement in hunting dogs through a non-invasive sampling as a consequence of a period of intense exercise in comparison with samples collected at rest. The study included nine dogs that underwent the same training regime for hunting wild boar. In order to counterbalance physiological variations, multiple-day replicates were collected and pooled at each experimental point for each dog. The samples were collected immediately at rest before the training (T0), after 60 days of training (T1), after 60 days of hunting wild boar (T2), and finally, at 60 days of rest after hunting (T3). A number of potential stress markers were evaluated: fecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs) as a major indicator of altered physiological states, immunoglobulin A (IgA) as an indicator of intestinal immune protection, and total antioxidant activity [total antioxidant capacity (TAC)]. Since stool samples contain exfoliated cells, we investigated also the presence of some transcripts involved in GI permeability [occludin (OCLN), protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2)] and in the inflammatory mechanism [interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, IL-1b, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), calprotectin (CALP), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)]. Finally, the metabolome and the microbiota profiles were analyzed. No variation in FCM and IgA content and no differences in OCLN and CALP gene expression between rest and training were observed. On the contrary, an increase in PAR-2 and HO-1 transcripts, a reduction in total antioxidant activity, and a different profile of microbiota and metabolomics data were observed. Collectively, the data in the present study indicated that physical exercise in our model could be considered a mild stressor stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Pietra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alba Gaspardo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier Attilio Accorsi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Barone
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Laghi
- Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Centre of Foodomics, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Chenglin Zhu
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Centre of Foodomics, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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15
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Impact of Donor Human Milk in the Preterm Very Low Birth Weight Gut Transcriptome Profile by Use of Exfoliated Intestinal Cells. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112677. [PMID: 31694290 PMCID: PMC6893464 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Own mother’s milk (OMM) is the optimal nutrition for preterm infants. However, pasteurized donor human milk (DHM) is a valid alternative. We explored the differences of the transcriptome in exfoliated epithelial intestinal cells (EEIC) of preterm infants receiving full feed with OMM or DHM. Methods: The prospective observational study included preterm infants ≤ 32 weeks’ gestation and/or ≤1500 g birthweight. Total RNA from EEIC were processed for genome-wide expression analysis. Results: Principal component analysis and unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis revealed two clustered groups corresponding to the OMM and DHM groups that showed differences in the gene expression profile in 1629 transcripts. The OMM group overexpressed lactalbumin alpha gene (LALBA), Cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene (COX1) and caseins kappa gene (CSN3), beta gene (CSN2) and alpha gene (CSN1S1) and underexpressed Neutrophil Cytosolic Factor 1 gene (NCF1) compared to the DHM group. Conclusions: The transcriptomic analysis of EEIC showed that OMM induced a differential expression of specific genes that may contribute to a more efficient response to a pro-oxidant challenge early in the postnatal period when preterm infants are at a higher risk of oxidative stress. The use of OMM should be strongly promoted in preterm infants.
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16
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Sharma AK, Pafčo B, Vlčková K, Červená B, Kreisinger J, Davison S, Beeri K, Fuh T, Leigh SR, Burns MB, Blekhman R, Petrželková KJ, Gomez A. Mapping gastrointestinal gene expression patterns in wild primates and humans via fecal RNA-seq. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:493. [PMID: 31200636 PMCID: PMC6567582 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited accessibility to intestinal epithelial tissue in wild animals and humans makes it challenging to study patterns of intestinal gene regulation, and hence to monitor physiological status and health in field conditions. To explore solutions to this limitation, we have used a noninvasive approach via fecal RNA-seq, for the quantification of gene expression markers in gastrointestinal cells of free-range primates and a forager human population. Thus, a combination of poly(A) mRNA enrichment and rRNA depletion methods was used in tandem with RNA-seq to quantify and compare gastrointestinal gene expression patterns in fecal samples of wild Gorilla gorilla gorilla (n = 9) and BaAka hunter-gatherers (n = 10) from The Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic. Results Although only a small fraction (< 4.9%) of intestinal mRNA signals was recovered, the data was sufficient to detect significant functional differences between gorillas and humans, at the gene and pathway levels. These intestinal gene expression differences were specifically associated with metabolic and immune functions. Additionally, non-host RNA-seq reads were used to gain preliminary insights on the subjects’ dietary habits, intestinal microbiomes, and infection prevalence, via identification of fungi, nematode, arthropod and plant RNA. Conclusions Overall, the results suggest that fecal RNA-seq, targeting gastrointestinal epithelial cells can be used to evaluate primate intestinal physiology and gut gene regulation, in samples obtained in challenging conditions in situ. The approach used herein may be useful to obtain information on primate intestinal health, while revealing preliminary insights into foraging ecology, microbiome, and diet. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5813-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbora Pafčo
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Vlčková
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Červená
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Kreisinger
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Samuel Davison
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA
| | - Karen Beeri
- Vanderbilt University medical center Technologies for Advanced Genomics, Vanderbilt University medical center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Terence Fuh
- WWF Central African Republic, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Steven R Leigh
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michael B Burns
- Loyola University Chicago, Quinlan Life Sciences Building, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ran Blekhman
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA.,Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Klára J Petrželková
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic. .,The Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic. .,Liberec Zoo, Lidové sady 425/1, 460 01, Liberec, Czech Republic.
| | - Andres Gomez
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA.
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17
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Goldman AS. Future Research in the Immune System of Human Milk. J Pediatr 2019; 206:274-279. [PMID: 30528758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Rosa F, Busato S, Avaroma FC, Linville K, Trevisi E, Osorio JS, Bionaz M. Transcriptional changes detected in fecal RNA of neonatal dairy calves undergoing a mild diarrhea are associated with inflammatory biomarkers. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191599. [PMID: 29373601 PMCID: PMC5786293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
After birth, a newborn calf has to adapt to an extrauterine life characterized by several physiological changes. In particular, maturation of the gastrointestinal tract in a new environment loaded with potential pathogens, which can predispose neonatal calves to develop diarrhea, and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality during the first 4 wks of life. We aimed to investigate the inflammatory adaptations at a transcriptomic level in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to a mild diarrhea in neonatal dairy calves using RNA isolated from fresh fecal samples. Eight newborn Jersey male calves were used from birth to 5 wks of age and housed in individual pens. After birth, calves received 1.9 L of colostrum from their respective dams. Calves had ad-libitum access to water and starter grain (22% CP) and were fed twice daily a total of 5.6 L pasteurized whole milk. Starter intake, body weight (BW), fecal score, withers height (WH), and rectal temperature (RT) were recorded throughout the experiment. Blood samples were collected weekly for metabolic and inflammatory profiling from wk 0 to wk 5. Fresh fecal samples were collected weekly and immediately flash frozen until RNA was extracted using a Trizol-based method, and subsequently, an RT-qPCR analysis was performed. Orthogonal contrasts were used to evaluate linear or quadratic effects over time. Starter intake, BW, and WH increased over time. Fecal score was greatest (2.6 ± 0.3) during wk 2. The concentrations of IL-6, ceruloplasmin, and haptoglobin had a positive quadratic effect with maximal concentrations during wk 2, which corresponded to the maximal fecal score observed during the same time. The concentration of serum amyloid A decreased over time. The mRNA expression of the proinflammatory related genes TLR4, TNFA, IL8, and IL1B had a positive quadratic effect of time. A time effect was observed for the cell membrane sodium-dependent glucose transporter SLC5A1, for the major carbohydrate facilitated transporter SLC2A2, and water transport function AQP3, where SLC5A1 and AQP3 had a negative quadratic effect over time. Our data support the use of the fecal RNA as a noninvasive tool to investigate intestinal transcriptomic profiling of dairy calves experiencing diarrhea, which would be advantageous for future research including nutritional effects and health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rosa
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Sebastiano Busato
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Fatima C. Avaroma
- Escuela Agrícola Panamericana El Zamorano, El Zamorano, Francisco Morazán, Honduras
| | - Kali Linville
- Department of Dairy and Food Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Johan S. Osorio
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Massimo Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
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19
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Wu LX, Zhao HB, Wen CJ, Li Y, Shao YY, Yang Z, Zhou HH. Combined Influence of Genetic Polymorphism and DNA Methylation on ABCB1 Expression and Function in Healthy Chinese Males. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2017; 42:627-634. [PMID: 27683186 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-016-0376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES It is well known that the expression and function of ATP-binding cassette transporter B1 (ABCB1) show high interindividual variability, but the reasons have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, combined influence of genetic polymorphism and DNA methylation on ABCB1 mRNA expression and digoxin pharmacokinetics in healthy Chinese males was analyzed. METHODS A total of 93 subjects who were homozygous for the ABCB1 1236-2677-3435 TTT or CGC haplotype were enrolled in this study. DNA methylation status of the ABCB1 promoter and ABCB1 mRNA expression level in exfoliated intestinal epithelial cells were analyzed using bisulfite sequencing PCR and real-time PCR. The pharmacokinetics of digoxin in subjects were investigated after administration of a single oral dose of digoxin 0.5 mg. RESULTS The DNA methylation levels of ABCB1 promoter showed no significant difference between TTT/TTT and CGC/CGC carriers (P = 0.54). Subjects with TTT/TTT haplotype pair and high methylation status (TTT/TTT-HM) showed a significantly lower ABCB1 mRNA level compared to other subjects. Compared with TTT/TTT-HM subgroup, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 72 h (AUC0-72) of digoxin was decreased by 26.9 %, the maximum plasma concentration (C max) was decreased by 25 % and the apparent oral clearance (CL/F) was increased by 21.2 % in CGC/CGC-LM subgroup. The values of time to maximum concentration (t max) and terminal elimination half-life (t 1/2) showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS Both genetic polymorphism and DNA methylation variation should be taken into consideration to explain the interindividual variability in ABCB1 expression and function more clearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Xiang Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Bo Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Jie Wen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ying Shao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, People's Republic of China
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20
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Hou TY, Davidson LA, Kim E, Fan YY, Fuentes NR, Triff K, Chapkin RS. Nutrient-Gene Interaction in Colon Cancer, from the Membrane to Cellular Physiology. Annu Rev Nutr 2017; 36:543-70. [PMID: 27431370 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-051039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The International Agency for Research on Cancer recently released an assessment classifying red and processed meat as "carcinogenic to humans" on the basis of the positive association between increased consumption and risk for colorectal cancer. Diet, however, can also decrease the risk for colorectal cancer and be used as a chemopreventive strategy. Bioactive dietary molecules, such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, curcumin, and fermentable fiber, have been proposed to exert chemoprotective effects, and their molecular mechanisms have been the focus of research in the dietary/chemoprevention field. Using these bioactives as examples, this review surveys the proposed mechanisms by which they exert their effects, from the nucleus to the cellular membrane. In addition, we discuss emerging technologies involving the culturing of colonic organoids to study the physiological effects of dietary bioactives. Finally, we address future challenges to the field regarding the identification of additional molecular mechanisms and other bioactive dietary molecules that can be utilized in our fight to reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Y Hou
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843; .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Laurie A Davidson
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843; .,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.,Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843; .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Yang-Yi Fan
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843; .,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Natividad R Fuentes
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843; .,Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Karen Triff
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843;
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843; .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.,Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843.,Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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21
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Abstract
The microbiome is increasingly recognized as a critical component in human development, health, and disease. Its relevance to toxicology and pharmacology involves challenges to current concepts related to absorption, metabolism, gene:environment, and pathways of response. Framing testable hypotheses for experimental and epidemiological studies will require attention to study designs, biosampling, data analysis, and attention to confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen K. Silbergeld
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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22
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Pirbaglou M, Katz J, de Souza RJ, Stearns JC, Motamed M, Ritvo P. Probiotic supplementation can positively affect anxiety and depressive symptoms: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Res 2016; 36:889-898. [PMID: 27632908 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal microbiota, consisting of microbial communities in the gastrointestinal tract, play an important role in digestive, metabolic, and immune functioning. Preclinical studies on rodents have linked behavioral and neurochemical changes in the central nervous system with deficits or alterations in these bacterial communities. Moreover, probiotic supplementation in rodents has been shown to markedly change behavior, with correlated changes in central neurochemistry. While such studies have documented behavioral and mood-related supplementation effects, the significance of these effects in humans, especially in relation to anxiety and depression symptoms, are relatively unknown. Thus, the purpose of this paper was to systematically evaluate current literature on the impact of probiotic supplementation on anxiety and depression symptoms in humans. To this end, multiple databases, including Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials published between January 1990 and January 2016. Search results led to a total of 10 randomized controlled trials (4 in clinically diagnosed and 6 in non-clinical samples) that provided limited support for the use of some probiotics in reducing human anxiety and depression. Despite methodological limitations of the included trials and the complex nature of gut-brain interactions, results suggest the detection of apparent psychological benefits from probiotic supplementation. Nevertheless a better understanding of developmental, modulatory, and metagenomic influences on the GI microbiota, specifically as they relate to mood and mental health, represent strong priorities for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Pirbaglou
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joel Katz
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell J de Souza
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mehras Motamed
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Ritvo
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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23
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Cernada M, Bäuerl C, Serna E, Collado MC, Martínez GP, Vento M. Sepsis in preterm infants causes alterations in mucosal gene expression and microbiota profiles compared to non-septic twins. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25497. [PMID: 27180802 PMCID: PMC4867619 DOI: 10.1038/srep25497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition in preterm infants. Neonatal microbiota plays a pivotal role in the immune system maturation. Changes in gut microbiota have been associated to inflammatory disorders; however, a link with sepsis in the neonatal period has not yet been established. We aimed to analyze gut microbiota and mucosal gene expression using non-invasively obtained samples to provide with an integrative perspective of host-microbe interactions in neonatal sepsis. For this purpose, a prospective observational case-control study was conducted in septic preterm dizygotic twins and their non-septic twin controls. Fecal samples were used for both microbiota analysis and host genome-wide expression using exfoliated intestinal cells. Gene expression of exfoliated intestinal cells in septic preterm showed an induction of inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways in the gut and pro-oxidant profile that caused dysbiosis in the gut microbiota with predominance of Enterobacteria and reduction of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium spp.in fecal samples, leading to a global reduction of beneficial anaerobic bacteria. Sepsis in preterm infants induced low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress in the gut mucosa, and also changes in the gut microbiota. This study highlights the role of inflammation and oxidative stress in neonatal sepsis on gut microbial profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cernada
- Health Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria) Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106; 46026 Valencia, Spain.,Division of Neonatology. University &Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106; 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Christine Bäuerl
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology. Av. Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Serna
- Central Research Unit-INCLIVA, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology. Av. Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gaspar Pérez Martínez
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology. Av. Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Máximo Vento
- Health Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria) Hospital La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell 106; 46026 Valencia, Spain.,Central Research Unit-INCLIVA, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain.,Spanish Maternal and Child Health and Development Network Retics Red SAMID, Health Research Institute Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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24
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Bernstein RM, Hinde K. Bioactive factors in milk across lactation: Maternal effects and influence on infant growth in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Am J Primatol 2016; 78:838-50. [PMID: 27029025 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Among mammals, numerous bioactive factors in milk vary across mothers and influence offspring outcomes. This emerging area of research has primarily investigated such dynamics within rodent biomedical models, domesticated dairy breeds, and among humans in clinical contexts. Less understood are signaling factors in the milk of non-human primates. Here, we report on multiple bioactive components in rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) milk and their associations with maternal and infant characteristics. Milk samples were collected from 59 macaques at multiple time points across lactation in conjunction with maternal and infant morphometrics and life-history animal records. Milk was assayed for adiponectin (APN), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGF-R), and transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β2 ). Regression models were constructed to assess the contributions of maternal factors on variation in milk bioactives, and on the relationship of this variation to infant body mass and growth. Maternal body mass, parity, social rank, and infant sex were all predictive of concentrations of milk bioactives. Primiparous mothers produced milk with higher adiponectin, but lower EGF, than multiparous mothers. Heavier mothers produced milk with lower EGF and EGF-R, but higher TGF-β2 . Mothers of daughters produced milk with higher TGF-β2 . Mid-ranking mothers produced milk with higher mean EGF and adiponectin concentrations than low-ranking mothers. Milk EGF and EGF-R were positively associated with infant body mass and growth rate. Importantly, these signaling bioactives (APN, EGF, EGF-R, and TGF-β2 ) were significantly correlated with nutritional values of milk. The effects of milk signals remained after controlling for the available energy in milk revealing the added physiological role of non-nutritive milk bioactives in the developing infant. Integrating analyses of energetic and other bioactive components of milk yields an important perspective for interpreting the magnitude, sources, and consequences of inter-individual variation in milk synthesis. Am. J. Primatol. 78:838-850, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Bernstein
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado.,Health and Society Program, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Katie Hinde
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Arizona.,Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Arizona.,Brain, Mind, and Behavior Unit, California National Primate Research Center, California
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25
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Abstract
Breast milk is the perfect nutrition for infants, a result of millions of years of evolution, finely attuning it to the requirements of the infant. Breast milk contains many complex proteins, lipids and carbohydrates, the concentrations of which alter dramatically over a single feed, as well as over lactation, to reflect the infant's needs. In addition to providing a source of nutrition for infants, breast milk contains a myriad of biologically active components. These molecules possess diverse roles, both guiding the development of the infants immune system and intestinal microbiota. Orchestrating the development of the microbiota are the human milk oligosaccharides, the synthesis of which are determined by the maternal genotype. In this review, we discuss the composition of breast milk and the factors that affect it during the course of breast feeding. Understanding the components of breast milk and their functions will allow for the improvement of clinical practices, infant feeding and our understanding of immune responses to infection and vaccination in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Andreas
- Centre for International Child Health, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY UK.
| | - Beate Kampmann
- Centre for International Child Health, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY UK; MRC Unit-The Gambia, Vaccines & Immunity Theme, Atlantic Road, Fajara, The Gambia.
| | - Kirsty Mehring Le-Doare
- Centre for International Child Health, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, W2 1NY UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Global Health Research, Norfolk Place, London, UK; MRC Unit-The Gambia, Vaccines & Immunity Theme, Atlantic Road, Fajara, The Gambia.
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26
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miRNA-regulated gene expression differs in celiac disease patients according to the age of presentation. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:482. [PMID: 26233308 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease is an intestinal disease which shows different symptoms and clinical manifestations among pediatric and adult patients. These variations could be imputable to age-related changes in gut architecture and intestinal immune system, which could be characterized by gene expression differences possibly regulated by miRNAs. We analyzed a panel of miRNAs and their target genes in duodenal biopsies of Marsh 3AB and 3C pediatric celiac patients, compared to controls. Moreover, to assess variation of expression in plasma samples, we evaluated circulating miRNA levels in controls and patients at diagnosis or on gluten-free diet. We detected a decreased miR-192-5p expression in celiac patients, but no variations in NOD2 and CXCL2, targets previously identified in adults. Conversely, we detected a significant increase in mRNA and protein levels of another target, MAD2L1, protein related to cell cycle control. miR-31-5p and miR-338-3p were down-regulated and their respective targets, FOXP3 and RUNX1, involved in Treg function, resulted up-regulated in celiac patients. Finally, we detected, in celiac patients, an increased expression of miR-21-5p, possibly caused by a regulatory loop with its putative target STAT3, which showed an increased activation in Marsh 3C patients. The analysis of plasma revealed a trend similar to that observed in biopsies, but in presence of gluten-free diet we could not detect circulating miRNAs values comparable to controls. miRNAs and their gene targets showed an altered expression in duodenal mucosa and plasma of celiac disease pediatric patients, and these alterations could be different from adult ones.
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27
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Falana K, Knight R, Martin CR, Goldszmid R, Greathouse KL, Gere J, Young H, Kuo WP. Short Course in the Microbiome. J Circ Biomark 2015; 4:8. [PMID: 28936244 PMCID: PMC5572982 DOI: 10.5772/61257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, it has become evident that the microbiome is an important environmental factor that affects many physiological processes, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, behaviour, immune function and metabolism. More importantly, it may contribute to a wide variety of diseases, including cancer, inflammatory diseases, metabolic diseases and responses to pathogens. We expect that international, integrative and interdisciplinary translational research teams, along with the emergence of FDA-approved platforms, will set the framework for microbiome-based therapeutics and diagnostics. We recognize that the microbiome ecosystem offers new promise for personalized/precision medicine and targeted treatment for a variety of diseases. The short course was held as a four-session webinar series in April 2015, taught by pioneers and experts in the microbiome ecosystem, covering a broad range of topics from the healthy microbiome to the effects of an altered microbiome from neonates to adults and the long term effects as it is related to disease, from asthma to cancer. We have learned to appreciate how beneficial our microbes are in breaking down our food, fighting off infections and nurturing our immune system, and this information provides us with ideas as to how we can manipulate our microbiome to prevent certain diseases. However, given the variety of applications, there are scientific challenges, though there are very promising areas in reference to the clinical benefits of understanding more about our microbiome, whether in our gut or on our skin: the outlook is bright. A summary of the short course is presented as a meeting dispatch.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Camilia R Martin
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Romina Goldszmid
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, USA
| | | | - Joanne Gere
- BioPharma Research Council, Tinton Falls, NJ, USA
| | - Howard Young
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, USA
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Hinde
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zachery T Lewis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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29
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Allen-Blevins CR, Sela DA, Hinde K. Milk bioactives may manipulate microbes to mediate parent-offspring conflict. Evol Med Public Health 2015; 2015:106-21. [PMID: 25835022 PMCID: PMC4512713 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eov007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among mammals, milk constituents directly influence the ecology of the infant's commensal microbiota. The immunological and nutritional impacts of breast milk and microbiota are increasingly well understood; less clear are the consequences for infant behavior. Here, we propose that interactions among bioactives in mother's milk and microbes in the infant gut contribute to infant behavioral phenotype and, in part, have the potential to mediate parent-offspring conflict. We hypothesize that infant behavior likely varies as a function of their mother's milk composition interacting with the infant's neurobiology directly and indirectly through the commensal gut bacteria. In this article, we will explore our hypothesis of a milk-microbiota-brain-behavior dynamic in the context of the coevolution between human milk oligosaccharides, bacteria, the gut-brain axis and behavior. Integrating established features of these systems allows us to generate novel hypotheses to motivate future research and consider potential implications of current and emerging clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary R Allen-Blevins
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Morrill Science Center, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Brain, Mind, and Behavior Unit, California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - David A Sela
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Morrill Science Center, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Brain, Mind, and Behavior Unit, California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Morrill Science Center, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Brain, Mind, and Behavior Unit, California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Katie Hinde
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Morrill Science Center, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Brain, Mind, and Behavior Unit, California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Morrill Science Center, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Brain, Mind, and Behavior Unit, California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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