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Kiełb P, Kowalczyk K, Gurwin A, Nowak Ł, Krajewski W, Sosnowski R, Szydełko T, Małkiewicz B. Novel Histopathological Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer: Implications and Perspectives. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1552. [PMID: 37371647 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in men. Despite the significant progress in cancer diagnosis and treatment over the last few years, the approach to disease detection and therapy still does not include histopathological biomarkers. The dissemination of PCa is strictly related to the creation of a premetastatic niche, which can be detected by altered levels of specific biomarkers. To date, the risk factors for biochemical recurrence include lymph node status, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PSA density (PSAD), body mass index (BMI), pathological Gleason score, seminal vesicle invasion, extraprostatic extension, and intraductal carcinoma. In the future, biomarkers might represent another prognostic factor, as discussed in many studies. In this review, we focus on histopathological biomarkers (particularly CD169 macrophages, neuropilin-1, cofilin-1, interleukin-17, signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 (STAT3), LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1), CD15, AMACR, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), Appl1, Sortilin, Syndecan-1, and p63) and their potential application in decision making regarding the prognosis and treatment of PCa patients. We refer to studies that found a correlation between the levels of biomarkers and tumor characteristics as well as clinical outcomes. We also hypothesize about the potential use of histopathological markers as a target for novel immunotherapeutic drugs or targeted radionuclide therapy, which may be used as adjuvant therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kiełb
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Kowalczyk
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Gurwin
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Nowak
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Krajewski
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Roman Sosnowski
- Department of Urogenital Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szydełko
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Małkiewicz
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Martini C, Logan JM, Sorvina A, Gordon C, Beck AR, S-Y Ung B, Caruso MC, Moore C, Hocking A, Johnson IRD, Li KL, Karageorgos L, Hopkins AM, Esterman AJ, Huzzell C, Brooks RD, Lazniewska J, Hickey SM, Bader C, Parkinson-Lawrence E, Weigert R, Sorich MJ, Tewari P, Martin C, O'Toole S, Bates M, Ward M, Mohammed B, Keegan H, Watson W, Prendergast S, Heffernan S, NiMhaolcatha S, O'Connor R, Malone V, Carter M, Ryan K, Brady N, Clarke A, Sokol F, Prabhakaran S, Stahl J, Klebe S, Samaratunga H, Delahunt B, Selemidis S, Moretti KL, Butler LM, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA. Aberrant protein expression of Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1 during the biological progression of prostate cancer. Pathology 2023; 55:40-51. [PMID: 36089417 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis and assessment of patients with prostate cancer is dependent on accurate interpretation and grading of histopathology. However, morphology does not necessarily reflect the complex biological changes occurring in prostate cancer disease progression, and current biomarkers have demonstrated limited clinical utility in patient assessment. This study aimed to develop biomarkers that accurately define prostate cancer biology by distinguishing specific pathological features that enable reliable interpretation of pathology for accurate Gleason grading of patients. Online gene expression databases were interrogated and a pathogenic pathway for prostate cancer was identified. The protein expression of key genes in the pathway, including adaptor protein containing a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain, and leucine zipper motif 1 (Appl1), Sortilin and Syndecan-1, was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a pilot study of 29 patients with prostate cancer, using monoclonal antibodies designed against unique epitopes. Appl1, Sortilin, and Syndecan-1 expression was first assessed in a tissue microarray cohort of 112 patient samples, demonstrating that the monoclonal antibodies clearly illustrate gland morphologies. To determine the impact of a novel IHC-assisted interpretation (the utility of Appl1, Sortilin, and Syndecan-1 labelling as a panel) of Gleason grading, versus standard haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) Gleason grade assignment, a radical prostatectomy sample cohort comprising 114 patients was assessed. In comparison to H&E, the utility of the biomarker panel reduced subjectivity in interpretation of prostate cancer tissue morphology and improved the reliability of pathology assessment, resulting in Gleason grade redistribution for 41% of patient samples. Importantly, for equivocal IHC-assisted labelling and H&E staining results, the cancer morphology interpretation could be more accurately applied upon re-review of the H&E tissue sections. This study addresses a key issue in the field of prostate cancer pathology by presenting a novel combination of three biomarkers and has the potential to transform clinical pathology practice by standardising the interpretation of the tissue morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Martini
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Colin Gordon
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew R Beck
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Maria C Caruso
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Courtney Moore
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Hocking
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ka Lok Li
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Litsa Karageorgos
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ashley M Hopkins
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Adrian J Esterman
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Chelsea Huzzell
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christie Bader
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Roberto Weigert
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Sorich
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Prerna Tewari
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cara Martin
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Bates
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bashir Mohammed
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen Keegan
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William Watson
- University College Dublin, School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sophie Prendergast
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sheena Heffernan
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah NiMhaolcatha
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roisin O'Connor
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Victoria Malone
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marguerite Carter
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katie Ryan
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nathan Brady
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andres Clarke
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Filip Sokol
- Department of Pathology, The Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarita Prabhakaran
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jürgen Stahl
- Department of Cytopathology and Histopathology, Clinpath Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Surgical Pathology, SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Brett Delahunt
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Kim L Moretti
- Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- South Australian ImmunoGENomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Wu Y, Lv X, Wang H, Qian K, Ding J, Wang J, Hua S, Sun T, Zhou Y, Yu L, Qiu S. Adaptor protein APPL1 links neuronal activity to chromatin remodeling in cultured hippocampal neurons. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:335-346. [PMID: 33104190 PMCID: PMC8373263 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Local signaling events at synapses or axon terminals are communicated to the nucleus to elicit transcriptional responses, and thereby translate information about the external environment into internal neuronal representations. This retrograde signaling is critical to dendritic growth, synapse development, and neuronal plasticity. Here, we demonstrate that neuronal activity induces retrograde translocation and nuclear accumulation of endosomal adaptor APPL1. Disrupting the interaction of APPL1 with Importin α1 abolishes nuclear accumulation of APPL1, which in turn decreases the levels of histone acetylation. We further demonstrate that retrograde translocation of APPL1 is required for the regulation of gene transcription and then maintenance of hippocampal late-phase long-term potentiation. Thus, these results illustrate an APPL1-mediated pathway that contributes to the modulation of synaptic plasticity via coupling neuronal activity with chromatin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyou Lv
- Department of Neurobiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haiting Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kai Qian
- Department of Neurobiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinjun Ding
- Department of Neurobiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiejie Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shushan Hua
- Department of Neurobiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tiancheng Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yiting Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lina Yu
- Department of Neurobiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Department of Neurobiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Liu Z, Xiao T, Peng X, Li G, Hu F. APPLs: More than just adiponectin receptor binding proteins. Cell Signal 2017; 32:76-84. [PMID: 28108259 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
APPLs (adaptor proteins containing the pleckstrin homology domain, phosphotyrosine binding domain and leucine zipper motif) are multifunctional adaptor proteins that bind to various membrane receptors, nuclear factors and signaling proteins to regulate many biological activities and processes, such as cell proliferation, chromatin remodeling, endosomal trafficking, cell survival, cell metabolism and apoptosis. APPL1, one of the APPL isoforms, was the first identified protein and interacts directly with adiponectin receptors to mediate adiponectin signaling to enhance lipid oxidation and glucose uptake. APPLs also act on insulin signaling pathways and are important mediators of insulin sensitization. Based on recent findings, this review highlights the critical roles of APPLs, particularly APPL1 and its isoform partner APPL2, in mediating adiponectin, insulin, endosomal trafficking and other signaling pathways. A deep understanding of APPLs and their related signaling pathways may potentially lead to therapeutic and interventional treatments for obesity, diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoying Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center of Central South University, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center of Central South University, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiaoyu Peng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center of Central South University, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Guangdi Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center of Central South University, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center of Central South University, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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