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Nikolettos K, Vlahos N, Pagonopoulou O, Nikolettos N, Zikopoulos K, Tsikouras P, Kontomanolis E, Damaskos C, Garmpis N, Psilopatis I, Asimakopoulos B. The association between leptin, adiponectin levels and the ovarian reserve in women of reproductive age. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1369248. [PMID: 38828407 PMCID: PMC11140125 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1369248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Reproduction ability requires a certain amount of body fat that is necessary for ovulation, menstruation and pregnancy. Fat tissue represents an endocrine organ with high metabolic activity as it produces adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin. Our aim is to examine potential associations between women of reproductive age's ovarian reserves and their levels of leptin and adiponectin. Method 74 women between 19 and 40 years of age consented to take part. Based on the patterns of their ovarian reserves, the women were divided into three main groups: women with adequate ovarian reserves (AOR - Group A, n=30), women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS - Group B, n=31) and women with depleted ovarian reserves (DOR - Group C, n=13). Among these groups, several biochemical and demographic parameters were statistically compared. Results Compared to the other two groups, women with DOR had statistically higher age and follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) levels. For estradiol (E2) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), no statistically significant difference was seen between the groups. In addition, women with PCOS had higher body mass index (BMI), luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone (TT), 17 hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), and antral follicle count (AFC) than the other two groups. In line with expectations, women with DOR also had lower levels of AMH and AFC than the other two groups. Women with PCOS had higher leptin levels than the other two groups, but there was no statistically significant difference. Women with PCOS had lower levels of adiponectin than the other groups, however the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion The way we classified women in our study according to their ovarian reserves is completely consistent with what has been published internationally. The ovarian reserve in women of reproductive age is not strongly correlated with leptin and adiponectin levels. For safe conclusions, more research including a greater number of samples is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Nikolettos
- Obstetric and Gynecologic Clinic, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Vlahos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Pagonopoulou
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikos Nikolettos
- Obstetric and Gynecologic Clinic, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Tsikouras
- Obstetric and Gynecologic Clinic, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Kontomanolis
- Obstetric and Gynecologic Clinic, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christos Damaskos
- Renal Transplatation Unit, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
- NSChristeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Garmpis
- NSChristeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Surgery, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Iason Psilopatis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen-Frauenklinik, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Byron Asimakopoulos
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Runsewe OO, Adewunmi AA, Olorunfemi G, Ottun AT, Olumodeji AM, Ogungbemile B, Runsewe-Abiodun TI. Evaluation of serum adiponectin as a marker of insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a comparative cross-sectional study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2024; 22:25. [PMID: 38378576 PMCID: PMC10877908 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-024-01196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) is known to be prevalent amongst women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Its presence has been linked to chronic anovulation and marked long term complications in women. Hence, identification and treatment of IR in women with PCOS is required to prevent the metabolic and reproductive complications of the disease. The aim of this study is to determine if serum adiponectin could be used as a surrogate marker for insulin resistance among women with PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total number of 148 consenting women with PCOS diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria were recruited for this study. Fifty-two of these women had insulin resistance were compared with 96 of the women who did not have insulin resistance. The serum Adiponectin levels, fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin levels were assayed in all study participants. Insulin resistance was assessed in all the study participants using the Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Data were analyzed using relevant inferential statistics at 95% confidence interval and p value of < 0.05. RESULTS The prevalence of insulin resistance among the study participants was 35.1%. Majority of the women (83.1%) had a high body mass index (BMI). More than half (68.2%) of the participants were in the age range of 21-30years and 76.4% (113) were nulliparous. There was no statistically significant difference in the median adiponectin level among insulin resistant (3.735 ug/ml) and non-insulin resistant participants vs. (3.705 ug/ml) (p = 0.6762). Both univariate and multivariate regression analysis did not show a statistically significant relationship between adiponectin and insulin resistance in PCOS. CONCLUSION The prevalence of insulin resistance in women with PCOS is high and serum adiponectin is not a suitable surrogate marker of insulin resistance in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abiodun Adeniyi Adewunmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Gbenga Olorunfemi
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Abimbola Tawaqualit Ottun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ayokunle Moses Olumodeji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Babalola Ogungbemile
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos Island Maternity Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
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3
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Nikolettos K, Nikolettos N, Vlahos N, Pagonopoulou O, Asimakopoulos B. Role of leptin, adiponectin, and kisspeptin in polycystic ovarian syndrome pathogenesis. Minerva Obstet Gynecol 2023; 75:460-467. [PMID: 36255161 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-606x.22.05139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) affects 5-20% of females and is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility. Leptin seems to have an important role in reproduction. Many reproductive pathologies such as preeclampsia, PCOS, and endometriosis are associated to plasma adiponectin levels. Kisspeptin levels are increased in PCOS women. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A review of the literature was completed through the PubMed database aiming to find articles regarding leptin, adiponectin and kisspeptin and if they are related to PCOS pathogenesis. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Even today it is not clear what is the role of leptin in women with PCOS, although most of the researchers found increased levels of leptin as well as leptin resistance in PCOS (both obese and lean individuals). Many more longitudinal studies should be done to discover the usefulness of measuring adiponectin in prepubertal women who apparently have a possibility to develop PCOS to find out if they finally develop PCOS. Most of the researchers found that PCOS women have decreased levels of adiponectin unrelated to BMI levels. Nevertheless, not all studies had the same result. Moreover, it is necessary more studies to be made to investigate the connection between kisspeptin and other metabolic factors such as LH and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS In general, it remains inconclusive whether leptin, adiponectin, and kisspeptin can be used as clinical and/or biochemical markers of PCOS. Therefore, it is essential to review the current data with regards to the association between PCOS and circulating leptin, adiponectin, and kisspeptin in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Nikolettos
- Obstetric and Gynecologic Clinic, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece -
| | - Nikos Nikolettos
- Obstetric and Gynecologic Clinic, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Vlahos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Pagonopoulou
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Byron Asimakopoulos
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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4
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Prasad GS, Saikia UK, Bhuyan AK, Baro A. A Study of Serum Adiponectin Levels in Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and its Correlation with Various Cardiometabolic Risk Markers. J Hum Reprod Sci 2023; 16:299-306. [PMID: 38322643 PMCID: PMC10841929 DOI: 10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_95_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common metabolic disorder in the reproductive age group, the pathogenesis of which is constantly evolving with the discovery of novel molecules and the lookout for potential therapeutic targets. Aims The aim of the present study was to estimate the circulating levels of serum adiponectin in patients with PCOS compared to controls and to find its correlation with markers of cardiovascular risk, with special emphasis on circulating levels of oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Settings and Design In this cross-sectional observational study recently diagnosed, PCOS subjects were compared with age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls. Materials and Methods All the included subjects underwent detailed clinical, biochemical and hormonal evaluation, including lipid profile, 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, fasting serum insulin, fasting serum adiponectin, oxLDL, total testosterone and anti-Mullerian hormone. Statistical Analysis Used Appropriate statistical methods were performed using SPSS (version 21) and Microsoft Excel (2019). Results A total of 56 PCOS cases and 32 controls were included in the study. Mean values of serum adiponectin (μg/mL) in our study were found to be significantly lower in PCOS cases (11.53 ± 4.74) versus controls (14.73 ± 5.61) irrespective of BMI. Mean values of serum oxLDL (μg/dL) were found to be higher in PCOS cases (157.96 ± 53.89) versus controls (117.52 ± 45.44), with a significant negative correlation between adiponectin and oxLDL in cases. No difference in levels of adiponectin was found between the different PCOS phenotypes. Conclusion Hypoadiponectinaemia was found to be associated with PCOS irrespective of obesity in PCOS subjects. Serum oxLDL can complement adiponectin as early predictor of CV risk in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Surendra Prasad
- Department of Endocrinology, Medicover Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Endocrinology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Uma Kaimal Saikia
- Department of Endocrinology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ashok Krishna Bhuyan
- Department of Endocrinology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Abhamoni Baro
- Department of Endocrinology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
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5
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Olaniyi KS, Areloegbe SE. Acetate: A therapeutic candidate against renal disorder in a rat model of polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 225:106179. [PMID: 36150640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Various endocrinometabolic diseases, inclusively polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been linked with increased risk of renal dysfunction with attendant cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women of reproductive age. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) especially acetate have been suggested as an immunometabolic modulator. However, the impact of SCFAs, particularly acetate on renal disorder in PCOS individuals is unknown. The present study therefore hypothesized that acetate would circumvent renal dysfunction in a rat model of PCOS, probably by suppressing NF-κB-dependent mechanism. Eight-week-old female Wistar rats were randomly distributed into four groups (n = 6), which received vehicle, sodium acetate (200 mg/kg), letrozole (1 mg/kg) and letrozole plus sodium acetate, respectively. The administrations were done by oral gavage once daily for a duration of 21 days. Animals with PCOS showed insulin resistance, lipid dysmetabolism, hyperandrogenism, hyperleptinemia and hypoadiponectinemia. Besides, the result also revealed increased renal malondialdehyde, lactate production, inflammatory mediators (NF-κB and TNF-α), urea and creatinine concentration. Immunohistochemical evaluation of renal tissue also demonstrated severe expression of apoptosis and inflammation with BAX/NLRP3 antibodies. However, supplementation with acetate significantly attenuated these anomalies. Collectively, the present results suggest that acetate abolishes renal dysfunction in experimentally induced PCOS animals by attenuating androgen excess, apoptosis, oxidative stress and NF-κB/NLRP3 immunoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde S Olaniyi
- Cardio/Repro-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti 360101, Nigeria.
| | - Stephanie E Areloegbe
- Cardio/Repro-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti 360101, Nigeria
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6
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Moslehi N, Zeraattalab-Motlagh S, Rahimi Sakak F, Shab-Bidar S, Tehrani FR, Mirmiran P. Effects of nutrition on metabolic and endocrine outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2022; 81:555-577. [PMID: 36099162 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Numerous meta-analyses have been conducted on the effects of nutritional interventions on various health outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the strength of the evidence and its clinical significance are unclear. OBJECTIVE This umbrella review aimed to summarize the effects of nutritional interventions on women with PCOS and assess the strength of the evidence. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception until March 17, 2021. DATA EXTRACTION Meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that examined the impact of dietary modifications or supplementations on women with PCOS were selected. Data extraction, quality assessments of the meta-analyses, and evaluation of the strength of the evidence were conducted independently by 2 investigators and confirmed by a third. DATA ANALYSIS Twenty-eight RCT meta-analyses were included, reporting 40 different outcomes. Lower carbohydrate, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, or lower glycemic index/load diets in women with PCOS significantly improved some anthropometric and metabolic characteristics (with very low to low certainty). Probiotics/synbiotics reduced fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin (FI), and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (with moderate to high certainty). Curcumin supplementation decreased fasting plasma glucose, FI, and HOMA-IR (with moderate certainty). Fish oil supplementation decreased FI and HOMA-IR, and omega-3 reduced triglycerides (with moderate certainty). There were also improvements in FI after taking vitamin D or inositol supplements (with moderate certainty). Supplementation with fish oil increased adiponectin (with high certainty), and probiotics/synbiotics reduced total testosterone (with moderate certainty). In subfertile women with PCOS, inositol increased the ovulation rates (with moderate certainty). CONCLUSION There was no high-certainty evidence that diets alone in women with PCOS improved health or reproductive outcomes. Supplementation with vitamin D, probiotics/synbiotics, omega-3, inositol, and curcumin showed favorable effects on some metabolic outcomes. Probiotics/synbiotics possibly reduces total testosterone, and inositol stimulates ovulation in women with PCOS. REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021251496.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Moslehi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sheida Zeraattalab-Motlagh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahimi Sakak
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Momo AS, Ama Moor VJ, Tankeu AT, Amazia F, Sadeu Wafeu G, Guewo-Fokeng M, Mbono Samba EA, Nkeck JR, Djieka Y, Chemaga Nkonpawa C, Djapa Tofeun F, Guifo S, Dohbit Sama J, Choukem SP. Adiponectin levels and its relation with insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in a group of sub-Saharan African women with polycystic ovary syndrome. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:24. [PMID: 35090546 PMCID: PMC8796504 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05878-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Low levels of adiponectin have been reported in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). In sub-Saharan Africa, little data are available on the topic. We aimed to investigate the levels of adiponectin and its relation with insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in women with PCOS in Yaoundé, Cameroon. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in 32 women presenting PCOS and 32 controls matched for age and Body Mass Index. For each participant, adiponectin levels were measured. We estimated insulin sensitivity using Homeostasis model index (HOMA-IR) and insulin secretion with C-peptide levels. Results Women with PCOS had higher insulin secretion levels than controls (C-peptide: 4.98 ± 3.83 vs 3.25 ± 1.62 mUI/l; p = 0.02). Also, the HOMA-IR index was higher compared to that of women without PCOS (1.15 ± 0.90 vs 0.77 ± 0.38; p = 0.03) suggesting greater insulin resistance. The median [25th–75th percentile] values of adiponectin concentrations were similar between the two groups (22.68 [21.72–23.41] μg/ml vs 22.03 [21.40–22.93] μg/ml; p = 0.1). There was no association between insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels in the PCOS group. PCOS is not associated with changes in adiponectin in a population of sub-Saharan African women. Further studies are needed to shed more light on this condition. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-021-05878-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Synthia Momo
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Vicky Jocélyne Ama Moor
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Aurel T Tankeu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Falmata Amazia
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Guy Sadeu Wafeu
- Center for Research on Filariasis and Other Tropical Diseases, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Magellan Guewo-Fokeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Esther Astrid Mbono Samba
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jan Réné Nkeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Yannick Djieka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Christelle Chemaga Nkonpawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Floriane Djapa Tofeun
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Serge Guifo
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Julius Dohbit Sama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Siméon Pierre Choukem
- Health and Human Development Research Network, Douala, Cameroon.,Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.,Department of Internal Medicine, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon
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8
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Varma B, Ogunmoroti O, Ndumele CE, Kazzi B, Rodriquez CP, Osibogun O, Allison MA, Bertoni AG, Michos ED. Associations between endogenous sex hormone levels and adipokine levels in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1062460. [PMID: 36712262 PMCID: PMC9880051 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1062460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Differences in sex hormone levels contribute to differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Adipokines play a role in cardiometabolic pathways and have differing associations with CVD. Adipokine levels differ by sex; however, the association between sex hormone profiles and adipokines is not well established. We hypothesized that a more androgenic sex hormone profile would be associated with higher leptin and resistin and lower adiponectin levels among postmenopausal women, with the opposite associations in men. Methods We performed an analysis of 1,811 adults in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis who had both sex hormones and adipokines measured an average of 2.6 years apart. Sex hormones [Testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)] were measured at exam 1; free T was estimated. Serum adipokines (leptin, resistin, adiponectin) were measured at exams 2 or 3. We used multivariable linear regression to examine the cross-sectional associations between sex hormones and adipokines. Results The mean (SD) age was 63 (10) years, 48% were women; 59% non-White participants. For leptin, after adjusting for demographics only, higher free T and lower SHBG, were associated with higher leptin in women; this association was attenuated after further covariate adjustment. However in men, higher free T and lower SHBG were associated with greater leptin levels in fully adjusted models. For adiponectin, lower free T and higher SHBG were associated with greater adiponectin in both women and men after adjustment for CVD risk factors. For resistin, no significant association was found women, but an inverse association with total T and bioT was seen in men. Conclusion Overall, these results further suggest a more androgenic sex profile (higher free T and lower SHBG) is associated with a less favorable adipokine pattern. These findings may provide mechanistic insight into the interplay between sex hormones, adipokines, and CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Varma
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Oluseye Ogunmoroti
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chiadi E Ndumele
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brigitte Kazzi
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Carla P Rodriquez
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Olatokunbo Osibogun
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Matthew A Allison
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Alain G Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Erin D Michos
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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9
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Benjamin JJ, K. M, Koshy T, K. N. M, R. P. DHEA and polycystic ovarian syndrome: Meta-analysis of case-control studies. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261552. [PMID: 34932604 PMCID: PMC8691613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a heterogenous endocrine disorder characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, hirsuitism and polycystic ovaries. It is further complicated by metabolic syndrome, infertility and psychological stress. Although the etiopathogenesis is unclear, many studies have pointed out the role of stress in this syndrome. DHEA, being a stress marker is being used by scientists to compare the stress levels between polycystic ovarian cases and healthy controls. However, the results obtained from previous studies are equivocal. OBJECTIVE To perform meta-analysis and find the association between stress and the syndrome. DATA SOURCES Relevant data till January 2021 were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science using MeSH terms. STUDY SELECTION Case-control studies having PCOS subjects as cases and healthy women as controls were selected provided; their basal DHEA levels were mentioned in the published articles. DATA EXTRACTION Two authors independently extracted the articles and qualified the final studies. DATA SYNTHESI Pooled meta-analysis was done using random effect model and showed level of DHEA statistically significant in PCOS compared to healthy controls (SMD = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.59-1.71).Heterogeneity was statistically significant as well (I2 = 95%). CONCLUSION Thismeta-analysis on DHEA and PCOS has helped in generating evidence regarding the involvement of stress in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiby Jolly Benjamin
- Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - MaheshKumar K.
- Department of Physiology, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Teena Koshy
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maruthy K. N.
- Department of Physiology, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Nellore, Andra Pradesh, India
| | - Padmavathi R.
- Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Age and Sex: Impact on adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111563. [PMID: 34474078 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age associated chronic inflammation is a major contributor to diseases with advancing age. Adipose tissue function is at the nexus of processes contributing to age-related metabolic disease and mediating longevity. Hormonal fluctuations in aging potentially regulate age-associated visceral adiposity and metabolic dysfunction. Visceral adiposity in aging is linked to aberrant adipogenesis, insulin resistance, lipotoxicity and altered adipokine secretion. Age-related inflammatory phenomena depict sex differences in macrophage polarization, changes in T and B cell numbers, and types of dendritic cells. Sex differences are also observed in adipose tissue remodeling and cellular senescence suggesting a role for sex steroid hormones in the regulation of the adipose tissue microenvironment. It is crucial to investigate sex differences in aging clinical outcomes to identify and better understand physiology in at-risk individuals. Early interventions aimed at targets involved in adipose tissue adipogenesis, remodeling and inflammation in aging could facilitate a profound impact on health span and overcome age-related functional decline.
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de Medeiros SF, Rodgers RJ, Norman RJ. Adipocyte and steroidogenic cell cross-talk in polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 27:771-796. [PMID: 33764457 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic and endocrine alterations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affect adipose tissue mass and distribution. PCOS is characterised by hyperandrogenism, obesity and adipocyte dysfunction. Hyperandrogenism in PCOS drives dysfunctional adipocyte secretion of potentially harmful adipocytokines. Glucocorticoids and sex-steroids modulate adipocyte development and function. For their part, adipocyte products interact with adrenal and ovarian steroidogenic cells. Currently, the relationship between adipocyte and steroidogenic cells is not clear, and for these reasons, it is important to elucidate the interrelationship between these cells in women with and without PCOS. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This comprehensive review aims to assess current knowledge regarding the interrelationship between adipocytes and adrenal and ovarian steroidogenic cells in animal models and humans with or without PCOS. SEARCH METHODS We searched for articles published in English and Portuguese in PubMed. Keywords were as follows: polycystic ovary syndrome, steroidogenesis, adrenal glands, theca cells, granulosa cells, adipocytes, adipocytokines, obesity, enzyme activation, and cytochrome P450 enzymes. We expanded the search into the references from the retrieved articles. OUTCOMES Glucocorticoids and sex-steroids modulate adipocyte differentiation and function. Dysfunctional adipocyte products play important roles in the metabolic and endocrine pathways in animals and women with PCOS. Most adipokines participate in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and ovarian axes. In animal models of PCOS, hyperinsulinemia and poor fertility are common; various adipokines modulate ovarian steroidogenesis, depending on the species. Women with PCOS secrete unbalanced levels of adipocyte products, characterised by higher levels of leptin and lower levels of adiponectin. Leptin expression positively correlates with body mass index, waist/hip ratio and levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, luteinising hormone, oestradiol and androgens. Leptin inhibits the production of oestradiol and, in granulosa cells, may modulate 17-hydroxylase and aromatase enzyme activities. Adiponectin levels negatively correlate with fat mass, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, glucose, insulin and triglycerides, and decrease androgen production by altering expression of luteinising hormone receptor, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cholesterol-side-chain cleavage enzyme and 17-hydroxylase. Resistin expression positively correlates with body mass index and testosterone, and promotes the expression of 17-hydroxylase enzyme in theca cells. The potential benefits of adipokines in the treatment of women with PCOS require more investigation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The current data regarding the relationship between adipocyte products and steroidogenic cells are conflicting in animals and humans. Polycystic ovary syndrome is an excellent model to investigate the interrelationship among adipocyte and steroidogenic cells. Women with PCOS manifest some pathological conditions associated with hyperandrogenism and adipocyte products. In animals, cross-talk between cells may vary according to species, and the current review suggests opportunities to test new medications to prevent or even reverse several harmful sequelae of PCOS in humans. Further studies are required to investigate the possible therapeutic application of adipokines in women with obese and non-obese PCOS. Meanwhile, when appropriate, metformin use alone, or associated with flutamide, may be considered for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastião Freitas de Medeiros
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso; and Tropical Institute of Reproductive Medicine,Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Raymond Joseph Rodgers
- Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert John Norman
- Robinson Research Institute Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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12
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Investigating the relationship of serum levels of afamin and interleukin-10 with insulin resistance in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.874039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Jafari Khorchani M, Zal F, Neisy A. The phytoestrogen, quercetin, in serum, uterus and ovary as a potential treatment for dehydroepiandrosterone-induced polycystic ovary syndrome in the rat. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:313-321. [PMID: 31661670 DOI: 10.1071/rd19072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact mechanisms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are unknown and there is no effective cure for the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the alterations in serum oestradiol and adiponectin levels and in the expression of some important genes in the uterine and ovarian tissues of PCOS rats. The therapeutic effect of quercetin on PCOS was also assessed. Rats were divided into five groups: control, ethanol, quercetin (Q), PCOS and PCOS+Q. After 30 days of oral treatments, the rats' ovaries and uteri were removed and nesfatin-1, aromatase and adipoR1 expressions were quantified with real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum adiponectin and oestradiol levels were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The results of this study showed that expression of nesfatin-1 and adipoR1 genes and adiponectin serum levels decreased in the PCOS rats, but aromatase expression and oestradiol level increased. Treatment with quercetin increased the adiponectin level and expression of adipoR1 and nesfatin-1 and decreased both the expression of aromatase and the oestradiol level. Quercetin improved PCOS by phytoestrogenic effects and mimicking oestrogen's function. Quercetin also affects important factors in both the uterus and ovary and could improve the obesity and the diabetic and infertility symptoms of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Jafari Khorchani
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7134845794, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zal
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7134845794, Iran; and Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran; and Corresponding author.
| | - Asma Neisy
- Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7134845794, Iran
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14
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C-Reactive Protein, Fibrinogen, Leptin, and Adiponectin Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2021; 70:490-496. [PMID: 33417636 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-020-01331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim We aimed to compare the levels of clinical, biochemical, hormonal, and metabolic parameters as well as serum CRP, fibrinogen, leptin, and adiponectin in cases with PCOS and control group to investigate whether they play a role in the etiology of the syndrome. Materials and Methods The present study included a total of 90 subjects, 45 subjects were diagnosed with PCOS (n = 45) and 45 subjects served as control group (n = 45). Serum CRP, fibrinogen, leptin, and adiponectin levels were analyzed for each subject. Results Serum CRP, fibrinogen, and leptin were found to be higher (statistically significant) in the group with PCOS as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Serum Adiponectin was higher in the control group (statistically significantly) as compared with the patients in the PCOS group (p < 0.05). Conclusion CRP and fibrinogen (cardiac risk factor markers) increase in women with PCOS. The levels of leptin which affects metabolism increase, whereas the levels of adiponectin decrease.
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Androgen Reduces Mitochondrial Respiration in Mouse Brown Adipocytes: A Model for Disordered Energy Balance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010243. [PMID: 33383677 PMCID: PMC7796281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy that is associated with an adverse metabolic profile including reduced postprandial thermogenesis. Although abnormalities in adipose tissue function have been widely reported in women with PCOS, less is known about direct effects of androgen on white and, particularly, brown adipocytes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the nonaromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on (1) lipid accumulation and expression of adipogenic markers in immortalized mouse brown adipose cell lines (IMBATs), (2) mitochondrial respiration in IMBATs, (3) mitochondrial DNA content and gene expression, (4) expression of brown adipose tissue (BAT) markers and thermogenic activation. In addition, we profiled the relative levels of 38 adipokines secreted from BAT explants and looked at androgen effects on adipokine gene expression in both IMBATs and immortalized mouse white adipose (IMWATs) cell lines. Androgen treatment inhibited IMBAT differentiation in a dose-dependent manner, reduced markers of adipogenesis, and attenuated the β-adrenoceptor-stimulated increase in uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) expression. In explants of mouse interscapular BAT, androgen reduced expression of UCP1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 (PCG-1) and Cidea. Significantly, as well as affecting genes involved in thermogenesis in BAT, androgen treatment reduced mitochondrial respiration in IMBATs, as measured by the Seahorse XF method. The results of this study suggest a role for excess androgen in inhibiting brown adipogenesis, attenuating the activation of thermogenesis and reducing mitochondrial respiration in BAT. Together, these data provide a plausible molecular mechanism that may contribute to reduced postprandial thermogenesis and the tendency to obesity in women with PCOS.
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Influence of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:657-668. [PMID: 32799935 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is defined as a reproductive endocrine disease that results in a low-grade inflammatory and pro-oxidant state. Dietary factors, including n-3 fatty acids, may have a key role in improving metabolic disorders in PCOS patients. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative stress (OS) markers in patients with PCOS. A systematic literature search of Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus and Lilacs, until November 2019, was conducted. Randomised clinical trials that reported inflammatory and OS markers as endpoints in women with PCOS receiving n-3 fatty acid supplementation were included. The pooled estimates of the weighted mean differences (WMD) and the standard mean differences (SMD) were calculated. Random effects models were adopted to measure the pooled outcomes. Among the 323 studies retrieved, ten fulfilled the inclusion criteria for a meta-analysis. We founded a significant decrease in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (SMD -0·29 (95 % CI -0·56, -0·02) mg/l) and an increase in adiponectin (WMD 1·42 (95 % CI 1·09, 1·76) ng/ml) concentrations in the intervention group when compared with the placebo group. No statistically significant results were found in the meta-analysis for visfatin, nitric oxide, GSH or malondialdehyde levels or total antioxidant capacity. The data suggest that supplementation of n-3 fatty acids could reduce the inflammatory state in women with PCOS, through a decrease in hs-CRP and an increase in adiponectin levels.
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Artimani T, Najafi R. APPL1 as an important regulator of insulin and adiponectin‐signaling pathways in the PCOS: A narrative review. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1577-1587. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tayebe Artimani
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research CenterHamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular MedicineHamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran
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18
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Tao T, Wang Y, Xu B, Mao X, Sun Y, Liu W. Role of adiponectin/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha signaling in human chorionic gonadotropin-induced estradiol synthesis in human luteinized granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 493:110450. [PMID: 31116958 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Impaired steroid production in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may result from adiponectin system dysfunction. However, adiponectin's role in ovulatory dysfunction remains unclear. We aimed to determine whether human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and adiponectin affect progesterone and estradiol secretion by granulosa cells (GCs) from overweight or obese women with PCOS or normal ovulation. ADIPOR2 expression was higher in hCG-treated GCs from PCOS patients than in those from normovulatory women. hCG may upregulate ADIPOR2 expression through cAMP/PKA signaling in GCs. GCs from both groups expressed PPARA. Estradiol levels were lower in hCG + adiponectin-treated GCs from PCOS patients than in those from normovulatory women. hCG + adiponectin decreased P450 aromatase expression through adiponectin/PPARα signaling in GCs. Adiponectin downregulates hCG-induced estradiol levels in GCs from overweight or obese women through gonadotropin-adiponectin crosstalk. Changes in gonadotropin and adiponectin signaling in the ovarian microenvironment may improve symptoms in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Yuying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Bing Xu
- Shanghai Key laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Xiuying Mao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Yun Sun
- Shanghai Key laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China; Shanghai Key laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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19
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Tiongco RE, Cabrera FJ, Clemente B, Flake CC, Salunga MA, Pineda-Cortel MR. G276T polymorphism in the ADIPOQ gene is associated with a reduced risk of polycystic ovarian syndrome: A meta-analysis of Asian population. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 58:409-416. [PMID: 31122534 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The etiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has not yet been fully explained. Several studies suggested an association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (T45G and G276T) of the ADIPOQ gene that encodes for the hormone adiponectin and PCOS susceptibility. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship of the two further. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature search was conducted in PubMed up to June 22, 2018, for related publications written in English. Selected data were extracted from the included studies and was subjected to analysis using Review Manager 5.3. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed and pooled from the resulting studies. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity was also performed. RESULTS Overall analysis showed that women with the G276T polymorphism have reduced susceptibility to PCOS (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.60-0.78; PA < 0.001). While no significant association was observed for the T45G polymorphism (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.93-1.24; PA = 0.34). Subgroup analysis, on the other hand, showed significant associations among East Asians (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.57-0.82; PA < 0.001) for the G276T association. CONCLUSION Results of this meta-analysis suggests that women with the G276T polymorphism are less likely to develop PCOS. However, more studies are needed to confirm the claims of this meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Enrique Tiongco
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines.
| | - Franzielle Jowe Cabrera
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines; Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Benjie Clemente
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Chastene Christopher Flake
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines
| | - Micah Angela Salunga
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines
| | - Maria Ruth Pineda-Cortel
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines; Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines; The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
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Abiad F, Khalife D, Safadi B, Alami R, Awwad J, Khalifeh F, Ghazeeri G. The effect of bariatric surgery on inflammatory markers in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018; 12:999-1005. [PMID: 30168430 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aims of this study is to address the improvement in CRP and adiponectin in obese PCOS and non PCOS after bariatric surgery, and to show that obese PCOS women have a slower rate of improvement when compared to obese non PCOS women. METHODS This is a prospective case-control study evaluating the effect of weight loss by sleeve gastrectomy among obese PCOS patients. RESULTS There was a 36.28% of weight loss among obese PCOS and 33.04% among the control group at 12 months. Both groups showed a significant increase in the adiponectin levels at 3, 6 and 12 months' post-surgery. The rate of increase was higher in the obese non PCOS women (4.93 ± 1.79-9.79 ± 3.9) compared to obese PCOS women (5.05 ± 1.98-7.25 ± 0.21). The CRP levels decreased with weight loss after the surgery to reach statistical significance at 3 months in obese PCOS group (4.18 ± 3.94, p = 0.048). CONCLUSION The degree of weight loss after surgery was effective in lowering CRP and increasing adiponectin levels in PCOS women. However, this improvement was slower compared to obese non PCOS patients. A genetic predisposition to insulin resistance might explain these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firass Abiad
- Department of General Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dalia Khalife
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassem Safadi
- Department of General Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ramzi Alami
- Department of General Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Johnny Awwad
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fatin Khalifeh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghina Ghazeeri
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Daghestani MH, Daghestani M, Daghistani M, El-Mazny A, Bjørklund G, Chirumbolo S, Al Saggaf SH, Warsy A. A study of ghrelin and leptin levels and their relationship to metabolic profiles in obese and lean Saudi women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:195. [PMID: 30131073 PMCID: PMC6103980 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered as one of the most frequently encountered hormonal pathologies in women during their reproductive years. Leptin and ghrelin, peptide hormones with adipostatic and orexigenic effect, respectively, seem to be involved in the metabolic changes that occur in PCOS. The aim of this study was to determine serum ghrelin and leptin levels in obese and lean Saudi women with PCOS and to investigate their relationship to the metabolic profiles in these women. METHODS This study was conducted as a prospective, observational, cross-sectional, case-control study, at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Noor Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study population included 252 women [130 women with PCOS (diagnosed according to the Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus, 2003) and 122 normo-ovulatory women as matched controls] attending the outpatient Gynecology Clinic. Demographic details were recorded, blood was extracted following overnight fast and serum was used for the determination of serum ghrelin and leptin levels and other hormonal and biochemical parameters including total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, glucose, and insulin. Insulin resistance and sensitivity were calculated as HOMA-IR and HOMA-S. RESULTS No significant differences in ghrelin (P = 0.1830) and leptin (P = 0.8329) levels were detected between the PCOS and control groups. However, ghrelin levels were significantly lower; and leptin levels were significantly higher in obese PCOS patients in comparison with lean patients (P = 0.0001 for both). In the PCOS group, there were significant correlations between ghrelin and leptin levels with Body Mass Index (BMI), waist-hip ratio, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and insulin levels. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that insulin was the main determinant for ghrelin (R2 = 0.316) and leptin (R2 = 0.352) levels (P = 0.0001 for both). CONCLUSIONS Although serum ghrelin and leptin levels were found to be normal in women with PCOS; yet, there is a relationship, possibly linked to obesity, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance between these levels and metabolic profile of Saudi PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mazin Daghestani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamoon Daghistani
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akmal El-Mazny
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Cairo, Kasr Al-ainy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Samar H. Al Saggaf
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arjumand Warsy
- Central Laboratory, Female Center for Scientific and Medical Colleges, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Yang K, Zeng L, Bao T, Ge J. Effectiveness of Omega-3 fatty acid for polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:27. [PMID: 29580250 PMCID: PMC5870911 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness and safety of omega-3 fatty acid for patients with PCOS. METHODS In this meta-analysis, data from randomized controlled trials were obtained to assess the effects of omega-3 fatty acid versus placebo or western medicine in women with PCOS. The study's registration number is CRD42017065859. The primary outcomes included the change of homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and adiponectin. RESULT Nine trials involving 591 patients were included. Comparing with the control group, omega-3 fatty acid may improve HOMA index (WMD -0.80; 95% CI -0.89, - 0.71; P<0. 00001), decrease TC and TG level [TC: (WMD -9.43; 95% CI -11.90, - 6.95; P<0. 00001); TG: (WMD -29.21; 95% CI -48.08, - 10.34; P = 0. 002)], and increase adiponectin level (WMD 1.34; 95% CI 0.51, 2.17; P = 0. 002). CONCLUSION Based on current evidence, omega-3 fatty acid may be recommended for the treatment of PCOS with insulin resistance as well as high TC (especially LDL-C) and TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Yang
- 0000 0004 1765 5169grid.488482.aHunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - Liuting Zeng
- 0000 0004 1765 5169grid.488482.aHunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
| | - Tingting Bao
- 0000 0001 1431 9176grid.24695.3cBeijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 Beijing China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- 0000 0004 1765 5169grid.488482.aHunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province China
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Dobrzyn K, Smolinska N, Kiezun M, Szeszko K, Rytelewska E, Kisielewska K, Gudelska M, Kaminski T. Adiponectin: A New Regulator of Female Reproductive System. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:7965071. [PMID: 29853884 PMCID: PMC5949163 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7965071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is the hormone that belongs to the group of adipokines, chemical agents mainly derived from the white adipose tissue. The hormone plays pleiotropic roles in the organism, but the most important function of adiponectin is the control of energy metabolism. The presence of adiponectin and its receptors in the structures responsible for the regulation of female reproductive functions, such as hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, indicates that adiponectin may be involved in the female fertility regulation. The growing body of evidence suggests also that adiponectin action is dependent on the actual and hormonal status of the animal. Present study presents the current knowledge about the presence and role of adiponectin system (adiponectin and its receptors: AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) in the ovaries, oviduct, and uterus, as well as in the hypothalamus and pituitary, the higher branches of HPG axis, involved in the female fertility regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Dobrzyn
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
| | - Nina Smolinska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
| | - Marta Kiezun
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
| | - Karol Szeszko
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
| | - Edyta Rytelewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kisielewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
| | - Marlena Gudelska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Kaminski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
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Adiponectina plasmática en mujeres obesas y no obesas con síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos. PERINATOLOGÍA Y REPRODUCCIÓN HUMANA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rprh.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Sadeghi A, Djafarian K, Mohammadi H, Shab-Bidar S. Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11:157-162. [PMID: 27484441 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may improve insulin resistance in various diseases. However, the possible effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on insulin resistance in PCOS still remains unclear. We evaluated the effect of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on insulin resistance in women with PCOS in a meta-analysis. METHODS Literature searches of MEDLINE, PubMed Central and EMBASE for publications in English were conducted up to December 2015. We included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplements on insulin resistance in women with PCOS. Results are summarized as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Effect sizes of eligible studies were pooled using random-effects models (the DerSimonian-Laird estimator). We assessed the potential sources of heterogeneity using the standard χ2 test. RESULTS Of 1202 papers, three RCTs were eligible for inclusion which involved 72 cases and 73 controls. The dose range for omega3 supplement was 1.2g to 3.6g and the duration of follow-up was from 6 to 8 weeks. There was no significant effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplements compared to placebo on insulin resistance (MD: 6.18; CI; -3.347, 15.382; p=0.208) and HOMA -IR (MD: 0.276; 95% CI=-1.428, 1.981; p=0.751) in women with PCOS. CONCLUSION The results provide an evidence that supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids may not have a beneficial effect on improving insulin resistance in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alirez Sadeghi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang N, Hao C, Liu X, Zhang S, Zhang F, Zhuang L, Zhao D. A potential determinant role of adiponectin and receptors for the early embryo development in PCOS patients with obesity hinted by quantitative profiling. Gynecol Endocrinol 2017; 33:113-118. [PMID: 27597432 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1214259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the quantitative profiling of adiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1, AdipoR2, and T-cadherin) in cumulus cells (CCs) and to evaluate their roles in the early embryo development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients, in part, with obesity. METHODS Fifty-five subjects were divided into two groups according to the body mass index. Oocytes were further inseminated and only mature and normal fertilized oocytes (2PN) were included in this research. Real-time PCR and western blot were performed to identify adiponectin and its receptors in CCs. RESULTS Adiponectin and receptors were ubiquitously expressed in CCs of PCOS and non-PCOS patients. The level of AdipoR2 in CCs from the oocytes yielding blastocyst after 5/6 days in vitro culture was markedly higher than in those from oocytes could not develop to blastocyst stage after Day 6, for non-obese or obese PCOS patients (0.1647 ± 0.0161 versus 0.0783 ± 0.0385, 0.1948 ± 0.0307 versus 0.1057 ± 0.0236, respectively, p < 0.05). In addition, only in patients with PCOS and concurrent obesity the AdipoR1 in CCs was considerably increased in CC-B+ compared with CC-B- subgroup (0.5162 ± 0.0371 versus 0.2448 ± 0.0333, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The development of early embryo was associated with the up-regulation of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in PCOS patients. Our results suggested that adiponectin could positively modulate embryo development in humans. Further investigations should be carried out to unlock the crucial role that adiponectin plays in embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- a Reproductive Medicine Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University , Yantai , China and
| | - Cuifang Hao
- a Reproductive Medicine Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University , Yantai , China and
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- a Reproductive Medicine Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University , Yantai , China and
| | - Shouxin Zhang
- b Biochip Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University , Yantai , China
| | - Fengrong Zhang
- a Reproductive Medicine Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University , Yantai , China and
| | - Lili Zhuang
- a Reproductive Medicine Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University , Yantai , China and
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- a Reproductive Medicine Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University , Yantai , China and
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Smolinska N, Kiezun M, Dobrzyn K, Szeszko K, Maleszka A, Kaminski T. Adiponectin, orexin A and orexin B concentrations in the serum and uterine luminal fluid during early pregnancy of pigs. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 178:1-8. [PMID: 28089263 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin is the most abundant adipose-released protein that circulates in human plasma at high concentrations. The neuropeptides orexin A (OXA, hypocretin-1) and orexin B (OXB, hypocretin-2) are derived from a common precursor peptide, prepro-orexin and are produced mainly by neurons located in the lateral hypothalamus. It has been demonstrated that the peptides such as adiponectin and orexins have an important role in the regulation of energy metabolism and neuroendocrine functions. These hormones appear to be implicated in both normal and disturbed pregnancy. The objectives of this study were to determine adiponectin and orexin concentrations in the plasma and uterine luminal fluid (ULF) of pigs during early gestation and to explore the relationships between hormone concentrations and stages of pregnancy. The greatest plasma concentrations of adiponectin were observed on days 15-16 and 27-28 of pregnancy, and the least concentrations were on days 30-32 of gestation and on days 10-11 of the oestrous cycle. In ULF, adiponectin concentrations were greater on days 15-16 of pregnancy and on days 10-11 of the oestrous cycle than on days 10-11 and days 12-13 of pregnancy. The greatest OXA concentrations in the blood plasma were noted on days 10-16 of gestation, and the least OXA concentrations were on days 27-32 of pregnancy and on days 10-11 of the oestrous cycle. Orexin A concentrations in ULF were greater on days 10-11 of the cycle than throughout pregnancy. Serum OXB concentrations were greatest on days 10-11 and 30-32 of pregnancy, and least on days 12-28 of gestation. The greatest OXB concentrations in ULF were on days 10-13 of gestation, and the least OXB concentrations were on days 15-16 of pregnancy. This is first study to demonstrate the presence of adiponectin and orexins in the serum and ULF during early pregnancy of pigs as well as the relationships between adiponectin and orexin concentrations and the stage of pregnancy. The fluctuations in adiponectin and orexin concentrations in the plasma and ULF suggest that the hormones present in ULF are mostly of local origin and that these hormones participate in the processes that accompany early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Smolinska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowski Street 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Marta Kiezun
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowski Street 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Kamil Dobrzyn
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowski Street 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Karol Szeszko
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowski Street 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Anna Maleszka
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowski Street 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Tadeusz Kaminski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowski Street 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Daan NMP, Koster MPH, de Wilde MA, Dalmeijer GW, Evelein AMV, Fauser BCJM, de Jager W. Biomarker Profiles in Women with PCOS and PCOS Offspring; A Pilot Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165033. [PMID: 27806063 PMCID: PMC5091782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study metabolic/inflammatory biomarker risk profiles in women with PCOS and PCOS offspring. Design Cross-sectional comparison of serum biomarkers. Setting University Medical Center Utrecht. Patients Hyperandrogenic PCOS women (HA-PCOS, n = 34), normoandrogenic PCOS women (NA-PCOS, n = 34), non-PCOS reference population (n = 32), PCOS offspring (n = 14, age 6–8 years), and a paedriatic reference population (n = 30). Main Outcome Measure(s) Clustering profile of adipocytokines (IL-1b, IL-6, IL-13, IL-17, IL-18, TNF-α, adiponectin, adipsin, leptin, chemerin, resistin, RBP4, DPP-IV/sCD26, CCL2/MCP-1), growth factors (PIGF, VEGF, sVEGF-R1), soluble cell adhesion molecules (sICAM-1/sCD54, sVCAM-1/sCD106), and other inflammatory related proteases (MMP-9, S100A8, Cathepsin S). Differences in median biomarker concentrations between groups, and associations with the free androgen index (FAI; Testosterone/SHBG x100). Results The cluster analysis identified leptin, RBP-4, DPP-IV and adiponectin as potential discriminative markers for HA-PCOS with a specifically strong correlation in cases with increased BMI. Leptin (R2 = 0.219) and adiponectin (R2 = 0.182) showed the strongest correlation with the FAI. When comparing median protein concentrations adult PCOS women with or without hyperandrogenemia, the most profound differences were observed for leptin (P < 0.001), DPP-IV (P = 0.005), and adiponectin (P < 0.001). Adjusting for age, BMI and multiple testing attenuated all differences. In PCOS offspring, MMP-9 (P = 0.001) and S100A8 (P < 0.001) concentrations were significantly higher compared to a healthy matched reference population, even after correcting for age and BMI and adjustment for multiple testing. Conclusion In this preliminary investigation we observed significant differences in adipocytokines between women with or without hyperandrogenic PCOS and non-PCOS controls, mostly influenced by BMI. Leptin and adiponectin showed the strongest correlation with the FAI in adult women with PCOS. In PCOS offspring other inflammatory biomarkers (MMP-9, S100A8) were increased, suggesting that these children may exhibit increased chronic low-grade inflammation. Additional research is required to confirm results of the current exploratory investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine M. P. Daan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria P. H. Koster
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marlieke A. de Wilde
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerdien W. Dalmeijer
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M. V. Evelein
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart C. J. M. Fauser
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wilco de Jager
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Division of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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The high-molecular weight multimer form of adiponectin is a useful marker of polycystic ovary syndrome in Bahraini Arab women. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2016; 13:e33-e38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2016.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Behboudi-Gandevani S, Ramezani Tehrani F, Rostami Dovom M, Farahmand M, Bahri Khomami M, Noroozzadeh M, Kabir A, Azizi F. Insulin resistance in obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:343-53. [PMID: 27052492 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1117069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed at investigating whether insulin resistance (IR)/sensitivity are impaired in obese/non-obese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obese/non-obese healthy controls. A comprehensive literature search was performed for observational, English language studies. Meta-analysis was performed with the random effects model according to the heterogeneity. Eligible studies, involving 3037 women in four groups of: 1-obese, PCOS; 2-non-obese, PCOS, 3-obese, non-PCOS and 4-Non-obese, non-PCOS were included. Based on the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) analysis, the pooled mean (95% Conf. Interval) of HOMA IR in groups 1-4 were 4.38 (3.84, 4.92), 2.68 (2.16, 3.20), 2.44 (2.06, 2.82) and 1.34 (1.06, 1.63), respectively. Meta-analysis showed that group 1 (obese, PCOS patients) statistically have the highest IR and group 4 (non-obese, non-PCOS women) have the highest insulin sensitivity. Group 2 (non-obese, PCOS patients) and group 3 (obese, non-PCOS women) were between this range and they had lower IR than group 1 (obese, PCOS) and lower insulin sensitivity than group 4 (non-obese, non-PCOS). So, there were statistical differences between all groups except between groups 2 and 3. Insulin sensitivity indexes (quickie and ISI), also confirm the IR index (HOMA-IR) results. Based on different IR/sensitivity indexes, we found no evidence of any different effects of BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2) on IR/sensitivity. In conclusion, PCOS status intensifies the adverse effects of obesity on IR, it has to be appropriately addressed in primary and secondary preventive cares and treatments provided for these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Behboudi-Gandevani
- a Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- a Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Marzieh Rostami Dovom
- a Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Maryam Farahmand
- a Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mahnaz Bahri Khomami
- a Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mahsa Noroozzadeh
- a Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali Kabir
- c Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- b Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran , and
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Artimani T, Saidijam M, Aflatoonian R, Ashrafi M, Amiri I, Yavangi M, SoleimaniAsl S, Shabab N, Karimi J, Mehdizadeh M. Downregulation of adiponectin system in granulosa cells and low levels of HMW adiponectin in PCOS. J Assist Reprod Genet 2015; 33:101-10. [PMID: 26631404 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to investigate changes in adiponectin system expression in granulosa cells (GCs) and high molecular weight adiponectin levels in serum and follicular fluid (FF) of 40 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared to those in 40 women with normal ovary function. METHODS Adiponectin (Adipo), adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1), and adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). High molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin protein concentration was evaluated by ELISA method. Data were analyzed using Student's t test and one-way ANOVA in SPSS 21 software. At oocyte retrieval, FF was aspirated and GCs were obtained from a pooled collection of FF per each patient. RESULTS PCR results showed expression of adiponectin, AdipoR1, AdipoR2, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in GCs. After controlling body mass index (BMI) values, qRT-PCR demonstrated a decreased expression of adiponectin system in GCs of PCOS patients compared to those in controls (p = 0.001). There was a strong positive correlation among AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 expression and also among FSH and LH receptor expression. (Both r = 0.8, p = 0.001). There were low levels of high molecular weight adiponectin in the serum of PCOS patients with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (30.19 ± 4.3 ng/ml) compared to the controls (48.47 ± 5.9 ng/ml) and in the FF of PCOS patients with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (7.86 ± 1.44 ng/ml) compared to the controls (14.22 ± 2.01 ng/ml; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Lower expression of adiponectin and its receptors in GCs might be an important manifestation in gonadotropin-stimulated PCOS patients which could influence the physiologic adiponectin roles such as interaction with insulin and LH in induction of GC gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebe Artimani
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reza Aflatoonian
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ashrafi
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Amiri
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Yavangi
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sara SoleimaniAsl
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nooshin Shabab
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Jamshid Karimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Van Sinderen ML, Steinberg GR, Jørgensen SB, Honeyman J, Chow JD, Herridge KA, Winship AL, Dimitriadis E, Jones MEE, Simpson ER, Boon WC. Effects of Estrogens on Adipokines and Glucose Homeostasis in Female Aromatase Knockout Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136143. [PMID: 26317527 PMCID: PMC4552801 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of glucose homeostasis within the body is crucial for constant and precise performance of energy balance and is sustained by a number of peripheral organs. Estrogens are known to play a role in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Aromatase knockout (ArKO) mice are estrogen-deficient and display symptoms of dysregulated glucose metabolism. We aim to investigate the effects of estrogen ablation and exogenous estrogen administration on glucose homeostasis regulation. Six month-old female wildtype, ArKO, and 17β-estradiol (E2) treated ArKO mice were subjected to whole body tolerance tests, serum examination of estrogen, glucose and insulin, ex-vivo muscle glucose uptake, and insulin signaling pathway analyses. Female ArKO mice display increased body weight, gonadal (omental) adiposity, hyperinsulinemia, and liver triglycerides, which were ameliorated upon estrogen treatment. Tolerance tests revealed that estrogen-deficient ArKO mice were pyruvate intolerant hence reflecting dysregulated hepatic gluconeogenesis. Analyses of skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissues supported a hepatic-based glucose dysregulation, with a down-regulation of Akt phosphorylation (a key insulin signaling pathway molecule) in the ArKO liver, which was improved with E2 treatment. Concurrently, estrogen treatment lowered ArKO serum leptin and adiponectin levels and increased inflammatory adipokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL6). Furthermore, estrogen deficiency resulted in the infiltration of CD45 macrophages into gonadal adipose tissues, which cannot be reversed by E2 treatment. This study describes the effects of estrogens on glucose homeostasis in female ArKO mice and highlights a primary phenotype of hepatic glucose dysregulation and a parallel estrogen modified adipokine profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Van Sinderen
- MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Clayton Vic 3180 Australia
- Dept of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Gregory R. Steinberg
- St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research and Dept of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Vic 3065, Australia
| | - Sebastian B. Jørgensen
- St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research and Dept of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Vic 3065, Australia
| | - Jane Honeyman
- St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research and Dept of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Vic 3065, Australia
| | - Jenny D. Chow
- MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Clayton Vic 3180 Australia
- Dept of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton Vic 3800, Australia
| | | | - Amy L. Winship
- MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Clayton Vic 3180 Australia
| | | | - Margaret E. E. Jones
- MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Clayton Vic 3180 Australia
- Dept of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Evan R. Simpson
- MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Clayton Vic 3180 Australia
| | - Wah Chin Boon
- MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Clayton Vic 3180 Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville Vic 3000, Australia
- Dept of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton Vic 3800, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Sarray S, Madan S, Saleh LR, Mahmoud N, Almawi WY. Validity of adiponectin-to-leptin and adiponectin-to-resistin ratios as predictors of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2015; 104:460-6. [PMID: 26051098 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of changes in adipokine ratios with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and related features as altered levels of the adipokines adiponectin, leptin, and resistin were linked with the pathogenesis of PCOS. DESIGN Case-control retrospective study. SETTING Outpatient obstetrics/gynecology and adult endocrinology clinics. PATIENT(S) Unrelated women with PCOS (n = 211) and age-matched control women (n = 215). INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Utility of adiponectin/leptin and adiponectin/resistin ratios as potential biomarkers of PCOS and associated features. RESULT(S) Significant differences in adiponectin but not leptin or resistin serum levels were seen between women with PCOS and control women. Ratios of adiponectin/leptin and adiponectin/resistin, but not leptin/resistin ratios, were statistically significantly different between PCOS cases and control women. Receiver operated characteristics area under the curve demonstrated sensitivity and specificity for adiponectin/leptin and adiponectin/resistin but not leptin/resistin ratios or individual adipokines as predictors of PCOS. Adiponectin/leptin and adiponectin/resistin ratios negatively correlated with body mass index, homeostatic model assessment, insulin resistance, and free insulin, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin. In addition, adiponectin/resistin ratio negatively correlated with menarche. CONCLUSION(S) Ratios of adiponectin/leptin and adiponectin/resistin constitute novel predictor factors to explain PCOS and associated features and thus may present target for novel therapeutics in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Sarray
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
| | - Samira Madan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Layal R Saleh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Naeema Mahmoud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Wassim Y Almawi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
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Niafar M, Nader ND. Adiponectin as serum biomarker of insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31:473-6. [PMID: 25884893 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1008445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the role of adiponectin as a biomarker of insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). BACKGROUND PCOS is associated with metabolic syndrome, which correlates to increased cardiovascular risk in these patients. Adiponectin is decreased in obese individuals. METHODS Ninety women with PCOS (45 with and 45 without metabolic syndrome) were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric variables, serum concentrations of fasting glucose, insulin, triglycerides, lipoproteins, cholesterol, testosterone and adiponectin were measured in all patients. Insulin sensitivity was examined in all patients. Numerical values were analyzed by t-tests and categorical data were analyzed by Chi-square test. Multiple regression analyses were performed to detect the factors that contributed to insulin resistance. RESULTS Metabolic syndrome predicted insulin resistance in PCOS patients. Serum adiponectin levels were suppressed in insulin resistant compared to insulin sensitive patients (10.7 ± 4.3 µg/mL, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed for every 1 µg increase in adiponectin, insulin sensitivity index increases by 0.1 (p = 0.016). Serum testosterone failed to correlate with insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSION Serum adiponectin levels were suppressed in patients with both metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. This protein could be used as a biomarker to distinguish the patients at a higher risk of diabetes and cardiovascular morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Niafar
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran and
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Messinis IE, Messini CI, Anifandis G, Dafopoulos K. Polycystic ovaries and obesity. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2015; 29:479-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Fichna M, Fichna P, Gryczyńska M, Czarnywojtek A, Żurawek M, Ruchała M. Steroid replacement in primary adrenal failure does not appear to affect circulating adipokines. Endocrine 2015; 48:677-85. [PMID: 25129652 PMCID: PMC4351438 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite continuous efforts for an optimal steroid replacement, recent observations suggest increased cardiometabolic risk and related mortality in primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI). Adipokines are peptides from the adipose tissue, markers of cardiometabolic dysfunction. This study was aimed to evaluate serum levels of adipokines: leptin, adiponectin, and resistin in PAI during conventional steroid substitution. The analysis comprised 63 patients (mean age 42.7 ± 14.1 years) and 63 healthy controls. Serum adipokines, lipid profile, and plasma glucose were assessed in both cohorts. ACTH, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, DHEA-S, cortisol and 24 h urinary free cortisol were determined in PAI. Body mass composition was analyzed by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. Mean BMI in the control group was 24.1 ± 3.9 kg/m(2) and 23.7 ± 3.9 kg/m(2) in the PAI cohort. Serum leptin and adiponectin levels were similar in both groups, whereas resistin appeared significantly lower among affected subjects (p = 0.0002). Its levels were weakly correlated with HOMA-IR (p = 0.048). Leptin was independently correlated with fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, BMI, and body fat (p < 0.001). At the multiple regression analysis only weight (p = 0.017), total and HDL cholesterol (p < 0.001) appeared significant predictors of adiponectin level. No adipokine correlations with serum cortisol or daily hydrocortisone dose were found. Patients receiving DHEA substitution displayed lower leptin and adiponectin levels (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our study did not provide evidence of an adverse adipokine profile in patients with PAI under conventional glucocorticoid replacement. Serum adipokines in treated PAI follow similar correlations to those reported in healthy subjects. Further prospective studies are warranted to verify and explain plausible excess of cardiovascular mortality in PAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fichna
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 32 Strzeszynska, 60-479, Poznan, Poland,
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Campos DB, Albornoz M, Papa PC, Palin MF, Bordignon V, Murphy BD. Relationship between adiponectin and fertility in the female pig. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 27:458-70. [DOI: 10.1071/rd13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin isoforms may mediate different aspects of the pleiotropic function of the protein, including the reproductive process. We examined the pattern of circulating adiponectin and adiponectin system expression in fat and ovarian tissues of hyperfertile and subfertile sows. We demonstrated the presence of five different isoforms of adiponectin (90, 158, 180, 250 and >250 kDa) in the circulation and identified a subgroup of subfertile females that displayed reduced abundance of all adiponectin isoforms as well as a lack of the 250-kDa adiponectin isoform in both serum and follicular fluid. Subfertility in these animals was associated with fewer large follicles and corpora lutea in the ovaries, as well as lower concentrations of 17β-oestradiol in the follicular fluid of large follicles. In addition, subfertile females showed higher adiponectin mRNA in fat tissue and altered mRNA and protein expression of adiponectin and its receptors in the ovary. Changes in the abundance and pattern of circulating adiponectin isoforms have been associated with reproductive disorders in animals and humans, including polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Our findings suggest that the adiponectin system may play an important role in controlling ovarian function and influencing porcine fertility.
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Orlik B, Madej P, Owczarek A, Skałba P, Chudek J, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M. Plasma omentin and adiponectin levels as markers of adipose tissue dysfunction in normal weight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 81:529-35. [PMID: 24392647 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is suggested that disturbed adipokines release plays a role in PCOS pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess plasma levels of omentin and adiponectin as well as the omentin to adiponectin ratio, as markers of adipose tissue dysfunction in relation to hormonal or metabolic changes in PCOS. STUDY DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS A cross-sectional study involved 87 PCOS (48 obese) and 72 non-PCOS women (41 obese). Anthropometric parameters and body composition were determined, and serum glucose, hormones, omentin-1 and adiponectin levels were measured. RESULTS The adiponectin level was similar in PCOS and non-PCOS groups, but, in both, was significantly lower in obese compared with normal weight subgroups, while the omentin-1 level was significantly lower in the PCOS compared with the non-PCOS group, and not related to body mass. The adiponectin to omentin-1 ratio (AOR) was significantly higher in the PCOS than non-PCOS group. Moreover, AOR was significantly higher in the normal weight than in obese subgroups in both PCOS and non-PCOS groups. Multiple regression analyses revealed that AOR variability is explained by oestradiol level and all anthropometric parameters as well as FAI, but not LH to FSH and HOMA-IR values. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest secondary to insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism impairment of hormonal stroma adipose tissue function in PCOS, independent of nutritional status. Contrarily, the adipocyte hormonal dysfunction is primarily dependent on excessive fat accumulation. It seems that the AOR may be useful in the assessment of adipose tissue dysfunction not only in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Orlik
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Rondanelli M, Perna S, Faliva M, Monteferrario F, Repaci E, Allieri F. Focus on metabolic and nutritional correlates of polycystic ovary syndrome and update on nutritional management of these critical phenomena. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014; 290:1079-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-014-3433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Krishna A. Modulation of ovarian steroidogenesis by adiponectin during delayed embryonic development of Cynopterus sphinx. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 143:291-305. [PMID: 24787661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to evaluate role of adiponectin in ovarian steroidogenesis during delayed embryonic development of Cynopterus sphinx. This study showed significantly low circulating adiponectin level and a decline in expression of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) in the ovary during the period of delayed embryonic development as compared with the normal development. The adiponectin treatment in vivo during the period of delayed development caused significantly increased in circulating progesterone and estradiol levels together with increased expression of AdipoR1 in the ovary. The in vitro study confirmed the stimulatory effect of adiponectin on progesterone synthesis. Both in vivo and in vitro studies showed that the effects of adiponectin on ovarian steroidogenesis were mediated through increased expression of luteinizing hormone-receptor, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and 3β-hydroxyl steroid dehydrogenase enzyme. The adiponectin treatment may also promote progesterone synthesis by modulating ovarian angiogenesis, cell survival and rate of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabh Krishna
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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Smolinska N, Maleszka A, Dobrzyn K, Kiezun M, Szeszko K, Kaminski T. Expression of adiponectin and adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 in the porcine uterus, conceptus, and trophoblast during early pregnancy. Theriogenology 2014; 82:951-65. [PMID: 25129870 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin, one of the several adipocytokines secreted mainly by the adipose tissue, plays an important role in regulating energy homeostasis and controls female fertility. Female reproductive functions are closely associated with nutritional status, and adiponectin seems to be an important factor linking the regulation of metabolic homeostasis with reproductive processes. The biological activity of adiponectin is mediated by two distinct receptors, adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2). The objective of this study was to determine the presence of and changes in the gene and protein expression pattern of adiponectin and its receptors in the porcine uterus during early pregnancy and on Days 10 to 11 of the estrous cycle and in the conceptus and trophoblast. The highest level of adiponectin transcript was observed on Days 15 to 16 of gestation, Days 10 to 11 of the cycle in the endometrium, and Days 15 to 16 of gestation in the myometrium. The highest expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 genes was detected on Days 10 to 11 of gestation in the endometrium, and Days 12 to 13 in the myometrium. The highest content of adiponectin protein was noted on Days 12 to 13 and 30 to 32 of gestation in the endometrium and Days 10 to 11 of the cycle in the myometrium. The expression of adiponectin protein was higher on Days 27 to 28 and 30 to 32 in the conceptuses. AdipoR1 protein content in the myometrium was highest on Days 12 to 13 and 30 to 32. In contrast, in the endometrium, it was more constant. The highest content of AdipoR2 protein was detected on Days 15 to 16 and 30 to 32 of gestation, Days 10 to 11 of the cycle in the endometrium, and Days 10 to 11 of gestation in the myometrium. In the conceptuses, the highest AdipoR1 protein content was observed on Days 15 to 16, and the highest AdipoR2 protein expression was determined on Days 15 to 16 and 27 to 28. In the trophoblasts, AdipoR1 protein content was higher on Days 27 to 28 than on Days 30 to 32, whereas the expression of AdipoR2 was higher on Days 30 to 32. This study demonstrated the presence of adiponectin and its receptors in the uteri, conceptuses, and trophoblasts of pregnant pigs and that the local adiponectin system is dependent on the stage of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Smolinska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Anna Maleszka
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kamil Dobrzyn
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Kiezun
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Karol Szeszko
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Kaminski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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Expression of adiponectin and adiponectin receptors 1 (AdipoR1) and 2 (AdipoR2) in the porcine uterus during the oestrous cycle. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 146:42-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zhang W, Wei D, Sun X, Li J, Yu X, Shi Y, Chen ZJ. Family-based analysis of adiponectin gene polymorphisms in Chinese Han polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2014; 101:1419-23. [PMID: 24559720 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association between two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) variants (rs2241766 and rs1501299) of the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in PCOS family trios. DESIGN Family-based study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) A total of 224 unrelated PCOS probands, their biologic parents, and 204 control subjects. INTERVENTION(S) Anthropometric, hormonal, and metabolic assessment; genotype detection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Basic endocrine, serum fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin (FINS), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were measured. The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) was used to analyze the association between two SNPs of ADIPOQ and PCOS. RESULT(S) A significant positive association was detected between SNP rs1501299 and PCOS. Compared with AA genotype, AC and CC genotypes had increased risk for PCOS, and the difference remained significant after adjustment for age, body mass index, and testosterone (T). The levels of T, TG, HDL cholesterol, and FINS were significantly higher in obese PCOS patients. However, we failed to find significant overtransmission of the other SNP, rs2241766, from parents to PCOS offspring. The genotype frequencies of rs2241766 and rs1501299 were not different in obese and lean PCOS patients and their parents. CONCLUSION(S) TDT confirms that SNP rs1501299 in the ADIPOQ is significantly associated with the risk of PCOS in the Chinese Han population. The present data may provide a basis for further studies of the role of the ADIPOQ in the etiology of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Central Hospital, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Daimin Wei
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianchang Sun
- Taishan Medical College, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Central Hospital, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Mirza SS, Shafique K, Shaikh AR, Khan NA, Anwar Qureshi M. Association between circulating adiponectin levels and polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:18. [PMID: 24502610 PMCID: PMC3928320 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-7-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low adiponectin levels in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have been largely attributed to obesity which is common among these patients. In addition, evidence also suggests that low adiponectin in PCOS may be related to insulin resistance (IR) in these women. However, studies on the role of adiponectin in younger and lean patients are limited. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the association of adiponectin levels in young and lean women with PCOS. Methods A case–control study was conducted at the Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. Cases were 75 patients of PCOS with Body Mass Index (BMI) &23 aged 16–35 years and 75 healthy age and BMI matched controls were selected from family and friends of the cases. Demographic details, family history and past medical history were obtained through interview by a physician. Anthropometric measurements included weight and height of the participants. Fasting glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), insulin, adiponectin, and androgen levels were determined. IR was calculated using homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between adiponectin and PCOS after adjusting for co-variates. Results On multivariable analysis, PCOS cases were 3.2 times more likely to have low adiponectin level (OR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.49-6.90, p-value 0.003) compared to the controls after adjustment for age, BMI, family history, marital status, total cholesterol, HDL level and IR. Females with a family history of PCOS were significantly more likely to have lower adiponectin (OR = 3.32, 95% CI 1.27-8.67, p-value 0.014) compared to those who did not have a family history of PCOS. The associations of IR and family history with low adiponectin level also remained statistically significant after adjustments for covariates. Conclusion Serum adiponectin levels are independently associated with PCOS and are only partly explained by IR. Adiponectin level may serve as a potential independent biomarker for diagnosis of PCOS in young and lean women with fewer symptoms, or women with a family history of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kashif Shafique
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1-Lilybank Gardens, G12 8RZ Glasgow, UK.
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Riestra P, Garcia-Anguita A, Ortega L, Garcés C. Relationship of adiponectin with sex hormone levels in adolescents. Horm Res Paediatr 2013; 79:83-7. [PMID: 23429067 DOI: 10.1159/000346898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-derived adipocytokine which, starting at puberty, is present in lower levels in males than in females. In adults, a relationship between adiponectin levels and sexual hormones has been suggested, but this association remains unclear in children. Our study aimed to analyze the relationship of adiponectin with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone, estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in adolescents. METHODS The population-based sample included 785 healthy 12- to 16-year-old children. Testosterone, estradiol, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels were assessed by radioimmunoassay. SHBG was measured by immunoradiometric assay. Adiponectin concentrations were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Adiponectin levels were positively correlated with SHBG and negatively correlated with the free androgen index independently of body mass index (BMI) and fat mass. No significant correlations were observed between adiponectin and total testosterone or estradiol. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that, after adjustment for BMI, SHBG appears as the primary predictor of adiponectin levels in both sexes, accounting for 5.7% of the variation in adiponectin levels in boys and 7.5% in girls. CONCLUSION Adiponectin is related to free androgen index and SHBG levels in adolescents after adjusting for BMI and fat mass, thus suggesting an association between adiponectin levels and androgen bioavailability that would explain the sex-based differences in adiponectin levels through life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pía Riestra
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, CEU-San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain
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Hamed HO. Role of adiponectin and its receptor in prediction of reproductive outcome of metformin treatment in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2013; 39:1596-603. [PMID: 23875783 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to examine the effect of metformin on serum adiponectin and adiponectin receptor-1 (AdipoR1) and evaluate their role in prediction of ovulation in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study cohort included 68 PCOS patients with clomiphene citrate resistance (group 1) and 28 healthy women as controls (group 2). Baseline serum adiponectin, AdipoR1, total testosterone (T), and homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured in all participants. Group 1 received metformin (1500 mg/day) for 6 months followed by second blood sampling. RESULTS Group 1 had significantly lower baseline adiponectin and AdipoR1 (P = 0.001) compared to group 2. During treatment, metformin resulted in conception in 5/68 (7%), ovulation in 33/68 (48%) and regular cycles in 41/68 (60%) patients. Group 1 showed post-metformin higher adiponectin and AdipoR1 (P = 0.01) and lower HOMA-IR (P = 0.006) and T (P = 0.001) compared to pre-treatment levels. Post-metformin ovulatory patients had higher adiponectin and AdipoR1 and lower HOMA-IR and T compared to anovulatory patients. Multivariate regression analysis in group 1 showed that only T and HOMA-IR were significant independent factors for predicting ovulatory cycles during metformin treatment (P = 0.04 and P = 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Metformin treatment enhances both adiponectin activity and insulin sensitivity, resulting in a less hyperandrogenic state in patients with PCOS. Serum adiponectin and AdipoR1 are poor predictors of ovulatory outcome during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam O Hamed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qassim University, Buraidah City, Saudi Arabia; Women's Health Center, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Chang CY, Chen MJ, Yang WS, Yeh CY, Ho HN, Chen SU, Yang YS. Hypoadiponectinemia: a useful marker of dyslipidemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 51:583-90. [PMID: 23276562 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adiponectin plays a role in obesity, lipid metabolism, and anti-inflammation. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are also at risk for dyslipidemia. Therefore, we investigated the association between adiponectin levels and the lipid profile including high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TGs) in women with PCOS and contemplated what role adiponectin might play in dyslipidemia with PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 118 young Taiwanese women with PCOS. The women enrolled were not taking any medication and those with other systemic diseases of nonovarian origin, which could have affected the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, were excluded. The serum lipid profile, metabolic and hormonal parameters, and adiponectin were measured. The lipid profile and adiponectin were analyzed and adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). RESULTS In a simple linear regression, adiponectin was significantly inversely related to LDL-C and TGs, but positively related to HDL-C (all p < 0.001) after logarithmic transformation. In the multiple linear regression, adiponectin was significantly related to HDL-C (p < 0.001) independent of age, BMI, HOMA-IR, and SHBG after logarithmic transformation. Using a logistic regression, the odds ratio was 0.088 between the association of increased adiponectin and abnormal HDL-C (≤ 50 mg/dL). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that adiponectin is an independent biomarker that is positively and evidently related to HDL-C and TGs in women with PCOS. Hypoadiponectinemia may be a useful marker of dyslipidemia in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yuan Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Effects of electroacupuncture and Chinese kidney-nourishing medicine on polycystic ovary syndrome in obese patients. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2013; 33:287-93. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(13)60166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chen X, Jia X, Qiao J, Guan Y, Kang J. Adipokines in reproductive function: a link between obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome. J Mol Endocrinol 2013; 50:R21-37. [PMID: 23335807 DOI: 10.1530/jme-12-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy associated with infertility and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. Dysfunction of adipose tissue has been implicated in the pathophysiology of PCOS. Increasing evidence shows that the dysregulated expression of adipokines, the secreted products of adipose tissue, plays an important role in the pathology of PCOS. Here, we review the role of several identified adipokines that may act as a link between obesity and PCOS. PCOS also reciprocally influences the profile of adipokines. Insight into the underlying mechanisms will help better understand the pathology of PCOS and identify new therapeutic targets of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwang Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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Fonseca VU, Papa PC, Campos DB. Potencial envolvimento da adiponectina e seus receptores na modulação da esteroidogênese em corpo lúteo de cadelas ao longo do diestro. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2012001000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
No ciclo estral de cadelas a fase luteínica, denominada diestro, compreende um período que varia de 60 a 100 dias em animais não-prenhes, caracterizado pela elevação plasmática de progesterona nos primeiros 20 dias pós ovulação (p.o). A adiponectina é a mais abundante proteína secretada pelo tecido adiposo, porém sua concentração plasmática diminui significativamente em alterações metabólicas como resistência insulínica e Diabetes mellitus tipo2, alterações descritas como relacionadas em algumas cadelas com o período de diestro. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a expressão e imunolocalização do sistema adiponectina (adiponectina e seus receptores, adipoR1 e adipoR2) no corpo lúteo de cadelas ao longo do diestro, correlacionando-o ao perfil hormonal de 17β-estradiol e progesterona, assim como à expressão de um dos genes alvo do sistema, o PPAR-γ. Para realização do estudo foram coletados corpos lúteos de 28 cadelas durante ovariosalpingohisterectomia de eleição nos dias 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 e 70 pós ovulação (o dia zero da ovulação foi considerado aquele no qual a concentração plasmática de progesterona atingiu 5ng/mL). Os corpos lúteos foram avaliados por imunohistoquímica para adiponectina e seus receptores e a expressão do RNAm do PPAR-γ por PCR em tempo real. A análise estatística da avaliação gênica foi realizada com o teste ANOVA, seguido por comparação múltipla Newman-Keuls. O sinal da adiponectina apresentou-se mais intenso até os primeiros 20 dias p.o, momento de regência da progesterona; houve queda gradativa após este período, coincidindo com a ascensão do 17β-estradiol, cujo pico foi notado próximo do dia 40 p.o. A queda marcante da adiponectina ocorreu após 50 dias p.o. O sinal do adipoR1 mostrou-se bem evidente até os 40 dias p.o e o do adipoR2 até os 50 dias p. o, decaindo posteriormente. Foi observada maior expressão do gene PPAR-γ aos 10, 30 e 70 dias p.o. Estes resultados mostram que a expressão protéica da adiponectina e de seus receptores se altera ao longo do diestro e que estas alterações podem estar relacionados às alterações hormonais e expressão do PPAR- γ, participando do mecanismo fisiológico de desenvolvimento, manutenção, atividade e regressão luteínica em cadelas.
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