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Kuczyńska-Wiśnik D, Stojowska-Swędrzyńska K, Laskowska E. Intracellular Protective Functions and Therapeutical Potential of Trehalose. Molecules 2024; 29:2088. [PMID: 38731579 PMCID: PMC11085779 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Trehalose is a naturally occurring, non-reducing saccharide widely distributed in nature. Over the years, research on trehalose has revealed that this initially thought simple storage molecule is a multifunctional and multitasking compound protecting cells against various stress factors. This review presents data on the role of trehalose in maintaining cellular homeostasis under stress conditions and in the virulence of bacteria and fungi. Numerous studies have demonstrated that trehalose acts in the cell as an osmoprotectant, chemical chaperone, free radical scavenger, carbon source, virulence factor, and metabolic regulator. The increasingly researched medical and therapeutic applications of trehalose are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ewa Laskowska
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (D.K.-W.); (K.S.-S.)
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2
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Chen Y, Yao Z, Zhao L, Yu M, Chen B, Zou C. Redundant and Distinct Roles of Two 14-3-3 Proteins in Fusarium sacchari, Pathogen of Sugarcane Pokkah Boeng Disease. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:257. [PMID: 38667928 PMCID: PMC11051555 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium sacchari, a key pathogen of sugarcane, is responsible for the Pokkah boeng disease (PBD) in China. The 14-3-3 proteins have been implicated in critical developmental processes, including dimorphic transition, signal transduction, and carbon metabolism in various phytopathogenic fungi. However, their roles are poorly understood in F. sacchari. This study focused on the characterization of two 14-3-3 protein-encoding genes, FsBmh1 and FsBmh2, within F. sacchari. Both genes were found to be expressed during the vegetative growth stage, yet FsBmh1 was repressed at the sporulation stage in vitro. To elucidate the functions of these genes, the deletion mutants ΔFsBmh1 and ΔFsBmh2 were generated. The ΔFsBmh2 exhibited more pronounced phenotypic defects, such as impaired hyphal branching, septation, conidiation, spore germination, and colony growth, compared to the ΔFsBmh1. Notably, both knockout mutants showed a reduction in virulence, with transcriptome analysis revealing changes associated with the observed phenotypes. To further investigate the functional interplay between FsBmh1 and FsBmh2, we constructed and analyzed mutants with combined deletion and silencing (ΔFsBmh/siFsBmh) as well as overexpression (O-FsBmh). The combinations of ΔFsBmh1/siFsBmh2 or ΔFsBmh2/siFsBmh1 displayed more severe phenotypes than those with single allele deletions, suggesting a functional redundancy between the two 14-3-3 proteins. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays identified 20 proteins with pivotal roles in primary metabolism or diverse biological functions, 12 of which interacted with both FsBmh1 and FsBmh2. Three proteins were specifically associated with FsBmh1, while five interacted exclusively with FsBmh2. In summary, this research provides novel insights into the roles of FsBmh1 and FsBmh2 in F. sacchari and highlights potential targets for PBD management through the modulation of FsBmh functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Ministry & Province Co-Sponsored Center of Collaborative Innovation for Sugarcane Industry, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.C.); (M.Y.)
| | - Ziting Yao
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agriculture Science, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Lixian Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Ministry & Province Co-Sponsored Center of Collaborative Innovation for Sugarcane Industry, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.C.); (M.Y.)
| | - Baoshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Ministry & Province Co-Sponsored Center of Collaborative Innovation for Sugarcane Industry, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.C.); (M.Y.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Chengwu Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Ministry & Province Co-Sponsored Center of Collaborative Innovation for Sugarcane Industry, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.C.); (M.Y.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
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3
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Li Q, Wang C, Xiao H, Zhang Y, Xie Y. 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, a more effective antifungal aroma than vanillin and its derivatives against Fusarium graminearum, destroys cell membranes, inhibits DON biosynthesis, and performs a promising antifungal effect on wheat grains. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1359947. [PMID: 38468857 PMCID: PMC10925628 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1359947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum) is a severe pathogen threatening the safety of agriculture and food. This study aimed to explore the antifungal efficacies of several plant-derived natural compounds (vanillin and its derivatives) against the growth of F. graminearum and investigate the antifungal mechanism of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (HMB), the strongest one. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of HMB in inhibiting mycelial growth was 200 μg/mL. HMB at MIC damaged cell membranes by increasing the permeability by about 6-fold (p < 0.05) as evidenced by propidium iodide (PI) staining. Meanwhile, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glycerol was increased by 45.91 and 576.19% by HMB treatment at MIC, respectively, indicating that lipid oxidation and osmotic stress occurred in the cell membrane. Furthermore, HMB exerted a strong antitoxigenic role as the content of deoxynivalenol (DON) was remarkably reduced by 93.59% at MIC on 7th day. At last, the antifungal effect of HMB against F. graminearum was also confirmed on wheat grains. These results not only revealed the antifungal mechanism of HMB but also suggested that HMB could be applied as a promising antifungal agent in the preservation of agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Grain, Oil and Food Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Grain and Reserves Administration/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Grain, Oil and Food Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Grain and Reserves Administration/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongying Xiao
- Grain, Oil and Food Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Grain and Reserves Administration/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Grain, Oil and Food Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Grain and Reserves Administration/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanli Xie
- Grain, Oil and Food Engineering Technology Research Center of the State Grain and Reserves Administration/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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4
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Gao M, Abdallah MF, Song M, Xu Y, Sun D, Lu P, Wang J. Novel Endophytic Pseudescherichia sp. GSE25 Strain Significantly Controls Fusarium graminearum and Reduces Deoxynivalenol in Wheat. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:702. [PMID: 38133206 PMCID: PMC10747052 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15120702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium heading blight (FHB) is a devastating disease in wheat, primarily caused by field invasion of Fusarium graminearum. Due to the scarcity of resistant wheat varieties, the agricultural sector resorts to chemical fungicides to control FHB incidence. On the other hand, biocontrol represents a promising, eco-friendly approach aligned with sustainable and green agriculture concepts. In the present study, a bacterial endophyte, Pseudescherichia sp. (GSE25), was isolated from wheat seeds and identified through complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. In vitro testing of this endophytic strain demonstrated strong antifungal activity against F. graminearum PH-1 by inhibiting spore germination, suppressing germ tube growth, and causing cell membrane damage. Under field conditions, the strain GSE25 significantly reduced the FHB incidence and the associated deoxynivalenol mycotoxin accumulation by over 60% and 80%, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of the isolated bacterial endophyte Pseudescherichia sp. GSE25 strain as a biocontrol agent in protecting wheat from FHB-caused F. graminearum. This is the first report showing a biocontrol effect of Pseudescherichia sp. a strain against phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.S.)
| | - Mohamed F. Abdallah
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Minggui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.S.)
| | - Yiqian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.S.)
| | - Daiyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (M.S.)
| | - Ping Lu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
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Jiang Z, Shi D, Chen Y, Li H, Wang J, Lv X, Zi Y, Wang D, Xu Z, Huang J, Liu J, Duan H. Discovery of novel isopropanolamine inhibitors against MoTPS1 as potential fungicides with unique mechanisms. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115755. [PMID: 37672934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The resistance and ecotoxicity of fungicides seriously restrict our ability to effectively control Magnaporthe oryzae. Discovering fungicidal agents based on novel targets, including MoTPS1, could efficiently address this situation. Here, we identified a hit VS-10 containing an isopropanolamine fragment as a novel MoTPS1 inhibitor through virtual screening, and forty-four analogs were synthesized by optimizing the structure of VS-10. Utilizing our newly established ion-pair chromatography (IPC) and leaf inoculation methods, we found that compared to VS-10, its analog j11 exhibited substantially greater inhibitory activity against both MoTPS1 and the pathogenicity of M. oryzae. Molecular simulations clarified that the electrostatic interactions between the bridging moiety of isopropanolamine and residue Glu396 of contributed significantly to the binding of j11 and MoTPS1. We preliminarily revealed the unique fungicidal mechanism of j11, which mainly impeded the infection of M. oryzae by decreasing sporulation, killing a small portion of conidia and interfering with the accumulation of turgor pressure in appressoria. Thus, in this study, a novel fungicide candidate with a unique mechanism targeting MoTPS1 was screened and discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Jiang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dongmei Shi
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yitong Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huilin Li
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jin'e Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinrui Lv
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunjiang Zi
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dongli Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Hongxia Duan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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6
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Kerbler SML, Armijos-Jaramillo V, Lunn JE, Vicente R. The trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase family in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14096. [PMID: 38148193 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P), the intermediate of trehalose biosynthesis, is an essential signalling metabolite linking plant growth and development to carbon metabolism. While recent work has focused predominantly on the enzymes that produce Tre6P, little is known about the proteins that catalyse its degradation, the trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatases (TPPs). Often occurring in large protein families, TPPs exhibit cell-, tissue- and developmental stage-specific expression patterns, suggesting important regulatory functions in controlling local levels of Tre6P and trehalose as well as Tre6P signalling. Furthermore, growing evidence through gene expression studies and transgenic approaches shows that TPPs play an important role in integrating environmental signals with plant metabolism. This review highlights the large diversity of TPP isoforms in model and crop plants and identifies how modulating Tre6P metabolism in certain cell types, tissues, and at different developmental stages may promote stress tolerance, resilience and increased crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mae-Lin Kerbler
- Leibniz-Institute für Gemüse- und Zierpflanzenbau, Groβbeeren, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Vinicio Armijos-Jaramillo
- Grupo de Bio-Quimioinformática, Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - John Edward Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Plant Ecophysiology and Metabolism Group, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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7
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Xiao L, Tang C, Klosterman SJ, Wang Y. VdTps2 Modulates Plant Colonization and Symptom Development in Verticillium dahliae. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:572-583. [PMID: 36989041 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-23-0024-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The trehalose biosynthesis pathway is a potential target for antifungal drugs development. Trehalose phosphate synthase (TPS) and phosphatase are widely conserved components of trehalose biosynthesis in fungi. However, the role of trehalose biosynthesis in the vascular plant-pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae remains unclear. Here, we investigated the functions of the TPS complex, including VdTps1, VdTps2, and VdTps3 in V. dahliae. Unlike VdTps2, deletion of VdTps1 or VdTps3 did not alter any phenotypes compared with the wild-type strain. In contrast, the ΔVdTps2 strain showed severely depressed radial growth due to the abnormal swelling of the hyphal tips. Further, deletion of VdTps2 increased microsclerotia formation, melanin biosynthesis, and resistance to cell-wall perturbation and high-temperature stress. Virulence assays and quantification of fungal biomass revealed that deletion of VdTps2 delayed disease symptom development, as evident by the reduced virulence and decreased biomass of the ΔVdTps2 strain in plant stem tissue following inoculation. Additionally, increases in penetration peg formation observed in the ΔVdTps2 strain in the presence of H2O2 suggested that VdTps2 suppresses initial colonization. Our results also revealed the role of VdTps2 as a regulator of autophagy. Together, these results indicate that VdTps2 contributes to plant colonization and disease development. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Steven J Klosterman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, U.S.A
| | - Yonglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Poznanski P, Hameed A, Dmochowska-Boguta M, Bryla M, Orczyk W. Low Molecular Weight and High Deacetylation Degree Chitosan Batch Alleviates Pathogenesis, Toxin Accumulation, and Fusarium Gene Regulation in Barley Leaf Pathosystem. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12894. [PMID: 37629074 PMCID: PMC10454492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is a cosmopolitan fungal pathogen that destroys cereal production, in terms of loss of yield and grain contamination with mycotoxins, worldwide. Chitosan is a natural biopolymer abundant in the environment with proven antifungal properties that also acts as a plant immunity elicitor. Despite a number of articles, there is a lack of systematic comparison of antifungal activity of diverse batches of chitosan. The current study aimed to test the inhibitory effects of a collection of diverse chitosan samples on the growth and production of F. graminearum toxins, validated by changes in the Fusarium transcriptome. Experiments included testing antifungal activity of different chitosan samples, the application of the best performing one in vitro to investigate the impact on F. graminearum growth, followed by analyzing its effect on Fusarium toxins accumulation, and Fusarium transcriptomics in the barley leaf pathosystem. Confirmatory antifungal assays revealed that CS_10, a specific batch of chitosan, retarded Fusarium growth with an application concentration of 200 ppm, significantly reducing toxin synthesis and disease symptoms in Fusarium-inoculated barley leaves. RNA-Seq analysis of F. graminearum in barley leaf pathosystem exposed to CS_10 showed a list of differentially expressed genes involved in redox balance, cell respiration, nutrient transport, cell wall degradation enzymes, ergosterol biosynthesis, and trichothecenes production. The genes functioning in these essential pathways are discussed and assigned as critical checkpoints to control Fusarium infections. The results suggest some important molecular targets in F. graminearum that may be suitable in gene-specific targeting or transgene-free methods, such as spray-induced gene silencing during host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Poznanski
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland; (P.P.); (A.H.)
| | - Amir Hameed
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland; (P.P.); (A.H.)
| | - Marta Dmochowska-Boguta
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland; (P.P.); (A.H.)
| | - Marcin Bryla
- Professor Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Waclaw Orczyk
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland; (P.P.); (A.H.)
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9
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Zhu X, Fang D, Li D, Zhang J, Jiang H, Guo L, He Q, Zhang T, Macho AP, Wang E, Shen QH, Wang Y, Zhou JM, Ma W, Qiao Y. Phytophthora sojae boosts host trehalose accumulation to acquire carbon and initiate infection. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1561-1573. [PMID: 37386076 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01420-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Successful infection by pathogenic microbes requires effective acquisition of nutrients from their hosts. Root and stem rot caused by Phytophthora sojae is one of the most important diseases of soybean (Glycine max). However, the specific form and regulatory mechanisms of carbon acquired by P. sojae during infection remain unknown. In the present study, we show that P. sojae boosts trehalose biosynthesis in soybean through the virulence activity of an effector PsAvh413. PsAvh413 interacts with soybean trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 6 (GmTPS6) and increases its enzymatic activity to promote trehalose accumulation. P. sojae directly acquires trehalose from the host and exploits it as a carbon source to support primary infection and development in plant tissue. Importantly, GmTPS6 overexpression promoted P. sojae infection, whereas its knockdown inhibited the disease, suggesting that trehalose biosynthesis is a susceptibility factor that can be engineered to manage root and stem rot in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguo Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Die Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixin Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyuan He
- College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Alberto P Macho
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-Hua Shen
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Ma
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Yongli Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Shi H, Ruan L, Chen Z, Liao Y, Wu W, Liu L, Xu X. Sulfur, sterol and trehalose metabolism in the deep-sea hydrocarbon seep tubeworm Lamellibrachia luymesi. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:175. [PMID: 37020304 PMCID: PMC10077716 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lamellibrachia luymesi dominates cold sulfide-hydrocarbon seeps and is known for its ability to consume bacteria for energy. The symbiotic relationship between tubeworms and bacteria with particular adaptations to chemosynthetic environments has received attention. However, metabolic studies have primarily focused on the mechanisms and pathways of the bacterial symbionts, while studies on the animal hosts are limited. RESULTS Here, we sequenced the transcriptome of L. luymesi and generated a transcriptomic database containing 79,464 transcript sequences. Based on GO and KEGG annotations, we identified transcripts related to sulfur metabolism, sterol biosynthesis, trehalose synthesis, and hydrolysis. Our in-depth analysis identified sulfation pathways in L. luymesi, and sulfate activation might be an important detoxification pathway for promoting sulfur cycling, reducing byproducts of sulfide metabolism, and converting sulfur compounds to sulfur-containing organics, which are essential for symbiotic survival. Moreover, sulfide can serve directly as a sulfur source for cysteine synthesis in L. luymesi. The existence of two pathways for cysteine synthesis might ensure its participation in the formation of proteins, heavy metal detoxification, and the sulfide-binding function of haemoglobin. Furthermore, our data suggested that cold-seep tubeworm is capable of de novo sterol biosynthesis, as well as incorporation and transformation of cycloartenol and lanosterol into unconventional sterols, and the critical enzyme involved in this process might have properties similar to those in the enzymes from plants or fungi. Finally, trehalose synthesis in L. luymesi occurs via the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) pathways. The TPP gene has not been identified, whereas the TPS gene encodes a protein harbouring conserved TPS/OtsA and TPP/OtsB domains. The presence of multiple trehalases that catalyse trehalose hydrolysis could indicate the different roles of trehalase in cold-seep tubeworms. CONCLUSIONS We elucidated several molecular pathways of sulfate activation, cysteine and cholesterol synthesis, and trehalose metabolism. Contrary to the previous analysis, two pathways for cysteine synthesis and the cycloartenol-C-24-methyltransferase gene were identified in animals for the first time. The present study provides new insights into particular adaptations to chemosynthetic environments in L. luymesi and can serve as the basis for future molecular studies on host-symbiont interactions and biological evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, No. 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingwei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, No. 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China.
- College of Marine Biology, Xiamen ocean vocational college, 361100, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zimeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, No. 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Liao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, No. 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 362200, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, No. 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Linmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, No. 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, No. 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China
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11
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A secondary function of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase is required for resistance to oxidative and desiccation stress in Fusarium verticillioides. Fungal Biol 2023; 127:918-926. [PMID: 36906382 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The disaccharide trehalose has long been recognized for its role as a stress solute, but in recent years some of the protective effects previously ascribed to trehalose have been suggested to arise from a function of the trehalose biosynthesis enzyme trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) synthase that is distinct from its catalytic activity. In this study, we use the maize pathogenic fungus Fusarium verticillioides as a model to explore the relative contributions of trehalose itself and a putative secondary function of T6P synthase in protection against stress as well as to understand why, as shown in a previous study, deletion of the TPS1 gene coding for T6P synthase reduces pathogenicity against maize. We report that a TPS1-deletion mutant of F. verticillioides is compromised in its ability to withstand exposure to oxidative stress meant to simulate the oxidative burst phase of maize defense and experiences more ROS-induced lipid damage than the wild-type strain. Eliminating T6P synthase expression also reduces resistance to desiccation, but not resistance to phenolic acids. Expression of catalytically-inactive T6P synthase in the TPS1-deletion mutant leads to a partial rescue of the oxidative and desiccation stress-sensitive phenotypes, suggesting the importance of a T6P synthase function that is independent of its role in trehalose synthesis.
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12
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Yang Y, Yu L, Qiu X, Xiong D, Tian C. A putative terpene cyclase gene ( CcPtc1) is required for fungal development and virulence in Cytospora chrysosperma. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1084828. [PMID: 36891381 PMCID: PMC9986285 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1084828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytospora chrysosperma is a destructive plant pathogenic fungus, which causes canker disease on numerous woody plants. However, knowledge concerning the interaction between C. chrysosperma and its host remains limited. Secondary metabolites produced by phytopathogens often play important roles in their virulence. Terpene cyclases (TC), polyketide synthases (PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) are the key components for the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Here, we characterized the functions of a putative terpene type secondary metabolite biosynthetic core gene CcPtc1 in C. chrysosperma, which was significantly up-regulated in the early stages of infection. Importantly, deletion of CcPtc1 greatly reduced fungal virulence to the poplar twigs and they also showed significantly reduced fungal growth and conidiation compared with the wild-type (WT) strain. Furthermore, toxicity test of the crude extraction from each strain showed that the toxicity of crude extraction secreted by ΔCcPtc1 were strongly compromised in comparison with the WT strain. Subsequently, the untargeted metabolomics analyses between ΔCcPtc1 mutant and WT strain were conducted, which revealed 193 significantly different abundant metabolites (DAMs) inΔCcPtc1 mutant compared to the WT strain, including 90 significantly downregulated metabolites and 103 significantly up-regulated metabolites, respectively. Among them, four key metabolic pathways that reported to be important for fungal virulence were enriched, including pantothenate and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis. Moreover, we also detected significant alterations in a series of terpenoids, among which (+)-ar-turmerone, pulegone, ethyl chrysanthemumate, and genipin were significantly down-regulated, while cuminaldehyde and (±)-abscisic acid were significantly up-regulated. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that CcPtc1 acts as a virulence-related secondary metabolism factor and provides new insights into the pathogenesis of C. chrysosperma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Yu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Qiu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dianguang Xiong
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengming Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Khan MA, Al Mamun Khan MA, Mahfuz AMUB, Sanjana JM, Ahsan A, Gupta DR, Hoque MN, Islam T. Highly potent natural fungicides identified in silico against the cereal killer fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20232. [PMID: 36418863 PMCID: PMC9684433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22217-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most notorious fungal pathogens that causes blast disease in cereals, and results in enormous loss of grain production. Many chemical fungicides are being used to control the pathogen but none of them are fully effective in controlling blast disease. Therefore, there is a demand for the discovery of a new natural biofungicide to manage the blast disease efficiently. A large number of new natural products showed inhibitory activities against M. oryzae in vitro. To find out effective biofungicides, we performed in silico molecular docking analysis of some of the potent natural compounds targeting four enzymes namely, scytalone dehydratase, SDH1 (PDB ID:1STD), trihydroxynaphthalene reductase, 3HNR (PDB ID:1YBV), trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, Tps1 (PDB ID:6JBI) and isocitrate lyase, ICL1 (PDB ID:5E9G) of M. oryzae fungus that regulate melanin biosynthesis and/or appresorium formation. Thirty-nine natural compounds that were previously reported to inhibit the growth of M. oryzae were subjected to rigid and flexible molecular docking against aforementioned enzymes followed by molecular dynamic simulation. The results of virtual screening showed that out of 39, eight compounds showed good binding energy with any one of the target enzymes as compared to reference commercial fungicides, azoxystrobin and strobilurin. Among the compounds, camptothecin, GKK1032A2 and chaetoviridin-A bind with more than one target enzymes of M. oryzae. All of the compounds except tricyclazole showed good bioactivity score. Taken together, our results suggest that all of the eight compounds have the potential to develop new fungicides, and remarkably, camptothecin, GKK1032A2 and chaetoviridin-A could act as multi-site mode of action fungicides against the blast fungus M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Arif Khan
- grid.443057.10000 0004 4683 7084Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, 1209 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdullah Al Mamun Khan
- grid.443019.b0000 0004 0479 1356Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902 Bangladesh
| | - A. M. U. B. Mahfuz
- grid.443057.10000 0004 4683 7084Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, 1209 Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Maowa Sanjana
- grid.443019.b0000 0004 0479 1356Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902 Bangladesh
| | - Asif Ahsan
- grid.411511.10000 0001 2179 3896Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202 Bangladesh
| | - Dipali Rani Gupta
- grid.443108.a0000 0000 8550 5526Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
| | - M. Nazmul Hoque
- grid.443108.a0000 0000 8550 5526Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, BSMRAU, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- grid.443108.a0000 0000 8550 5526Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
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14
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Chen A, Tapia H, Goddard JM, Gibney PA. Trehalose and its applications in the food industry. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:5004-5037. [PMID: 36201393 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked by α, α-1,1-glycosidic bond. It is present in a wide variety of organisms, including bacteria, fungi, insects, plants, and invertebrate animals. Trehalose has distinct physical and chemical properties that have been investigated for their biological importance in a range of prokaryotic and eukaryotic species. Emerging research on trehalose has identified untapped opportunities for its application in the food, medical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. This review summarizes the chemical and biological properties of trehalose, its occurrence and metabolism in living organisms, its protective role in molecule stabilization, and natural and commercial production methods. Utilization of trehalose in the food industry, in particular how it stabilizes protein, fat, carbohydrate, and volatile compounds, is also discussed in depth. Challenges and opportunities of its application in specific applications (e.g., diagnostics, bioprocessing, ingredient technology) are described. We conclude with a discussion on the potential of leveraging the unique molecular properties of trehalose in molecular stabilization for improving the safety, quality, and sustainability of our food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Chen
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Hugo Tapia
- Biology Program, California State University - Channel Islands, Camarillo, California, USA
| | - Julie M Goddard
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Patrick A Gibney
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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15
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Wu L, Wu Z, Zhao F, Hahn M, Zhou M, Hou Y. Activity and cell toxicology of fluazinam on Fusarium graminearum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105253. [PMID: 36464359 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is an important plant pathogen and the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB). At present, the principal method of controlling FHB is through fungicides. Fluazinam is an agent with strong broad-spectrum antifungal activity and has been used to control many diseases. However, there are no reported uses of fluazinam for controlling FHB. This study reports the activity and cell toxicology mechanisms of fluazinam on the filamentous fungus F. graminearum and its effect on fungal growth and development. The activity of fluazinam was tested for 95 wild-type field strains of F. graminearum. The EC50 values (the 50% effective concentration) of fluazinam for inhibition of mycelial growth and spore germination ranged from 0.037 μg/ml to 0.179 μg/ml and from 0.039 μg/ml to 0.506 μg/ml, respectively. The fluazinam sensitivity of these strains varied in 4.9 and 13.0 folds, implying that the target of the fungicide remained unchanged. After treatment with 0.3 μg/ml (≈EC90) fluazinam, the production of conidia was reduced, and the cell wall and cell membrane had shrunked; the cell nucleus and septum morphology, cell membrane permeability, and sexual development were not affected. When treated with 0.1 μg/ml (≈EC50) or 0.3 μg/ml fluazinam, the mycelial respiration and deoxynivalenol (DON) synthesis of F. graminearum were decreased. Confocal images showed that the formation of toxisomes was disturbed after fluazinam treatment, suggesting that fluazinam reduces DON synthesis by inhibiting toxisome formation. Infection of wheat coleoptiles revealed that fluazinam had a strong protective activity against F. graminearum. At 250 μg/ml fluazinam the control efficacy of protective treatments reached 100% and controlled strains resistant to carbendazim. These results contribute to the understanding of the mode of action of fluazinam and its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoyu Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Zhiwen Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Feifei Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Matthias Hahn
- Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mingguo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China.
| | - Yiping Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Pesticide, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China.
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16
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The Different Metabolic Responses of Resistant and Susceptible Wheats to Fusarium graminearum Inoculation. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080727. [PMID: 36005599 PMCID: PMC9413380 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious wheat disease caused by Fusarium graminearum (Fg) Schwabe. FHB can cause huge loss in wheat yield. In addition, trichothecene mycotoxins produced by Fg are harmful to the environment and humans. In our previous study, we obtained two mutants TPS1− and TPS2−. Neither of these mutants could synthesize trehalose, and they produced fewer mycotoxins. To understand the complex interaction between Fg and wheat, we systematically analyzed the metabolic responses of FHB-susceptible and -resistant wheat to ddH2O, the TPS− mutants and wild type (WT) using NMR combined with multivariate analysis. More than 40 metabolites were identified in wheat extracts including sugars, amino acids, organic acids, choline metabolites and other metabolites. When infected by Fg, FHB-resistant and -susceptible wheat plants showed different metabolic responses. For FHB-resistant wheat, there were clear metabolic differences between inoculation with mutants (TPS1−/TPS2−) and with ddH2O/WT. For the susceptible wheat, there were obvious metabolic differences between inoculation with mutant (TPS1−/TPS2−) and inoculation with ddH2O; however, there were no significant metabolic differences between inoculation with TPS− mutants and with WT. Specifically, compared with ddH2O, resistant wheat increased the levels of Phe, p-hydroxy cinnamic acid (p-HCA), and chlorogenic acid in response to TPS− mutants; however, susceptible wheat did not. Shikimate-mediated secondary metabolism was activated in the FHB-resistant wheat to inhibit the growth of Fg and reduce the production of mycotoxins. These results can be helpful for the development of FHB-resistant wheat varieties, although the molecular relationship between the trehalose biosynthetic pathway in Fg and shikimate-mediated secondary metabolism in wheat remains to be further studied.
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17
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Identification of Candidate Genes Associated with Trichothecene Biosynthesis in Fusarium graminearum Species Complex Combined with Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081479. [PMID: 35893537 PMCID: PMC9332169 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fusarium graminearum species complex is the main causal agent of wheat head blight worldwide. Trichothecenes produced by the pathogen in infected grains have important food safety implications. Previously reported studies on trichothecene production have all focused on the conditions conducive to mycotoxin production, while the molecular mechanisms of trichothecene biosynthesis in Fusarium strains under normal or non-inducing conditions are still unclear. Here, a global analysis of the fungal gene expression of three strains using the Affymetrix Fusarium GeneChip under non-inducing conditions is reported. Differentially expressed genes were identified among strains with different trichothecene-production ability, and some novel genes associated with trichothecene biosynthesis were found by bioinformatics analysis. To verify the transcriptome results, proteomic analyses of the three strains were conducted under the same culture conditions. In total, 69 unique fungal proteins were identified in 77 protein spots. Combined with transcriptome and proteome analysis, 27 novel genes were predicted to be associated with trichothecene mycotoxin production. A protein, encoded by FGSG_01403, was found to be associated with trichothecene production via proteome analysis. Gene knock-out mutations of FGSG_01403 resulted in mutants with increased production of trichothecenes. Future functional analysis of the candidate genes identified in this study may reveal new insights into the negative regulation of trichothecene production in the Fusarium graminearum species complex.
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18
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Zhao M, Wang C, Wan J, Li Z, Liu D, Yamamoto N, Zhou E, Shu C. Functional validation of pathogenicity genes in rice sheath blight pathogen Rhizoctonia solani by a novel host-induced gene silencing system. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:1587-1598. [PMID: 34453407 PMCID: PMC8578826 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight, caused by the soilborne fungus Rhizoctonia solani, causes severe yield losses worldwide. Elucidation of the pathogenic mechanism of R. solani is highly desired. However, the lack of a stable genetic transformation system has made it challenging to examine genes' functions in this fungus. Here, we present functional validation of pathogenicity genes in the rice sheath blight pathogen R. solani by a newly established tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) system using the virulent R. solani AG-1 IA strain GD-118. RNA interference constructs of 33 candidate pathogenicity genes were infiltrated into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves with the TRV-HIGS system. Of these constructs, 29 resulted in a significant reduction in necrosis caused by GD-118 infection. For further validation of one of the positive genes, trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (Rstps2), stable rice transformants harbouring the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) construct for Rstps2 were created. The transformants exhibited reduced gene expression of Rstps2, virulence, and trehalose accumulation in GD-118. We showed that the dsRNA for Rstps2 was taken up by GD-118 mycelia and sclerotial differentiation of GD-118 was inhibited. These findings offer gene identification opportunities for the rice sheath blight pathogen and a theoretical basis for controlling this disease by spray-induced gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease ControlDepartment of Plant PathologySouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chenjiaozi Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease ControlDepartment of Plant PathologySouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jun Wan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease ControlDepartment of Plant PathologySouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zanfeng Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease ControlDepartment of Plant PathologySouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Dilin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice BreedingGuangzhouChina
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- College of AgronomySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Erxun Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease ControlDepartment of Plant PathologySouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Canwei Shu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease ControlDepartment of Plant PathologySouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Trehalose Phosphate Synthase Complex-Mediated Regulation of Trehalose 6-Phosphate Homeostasis Is Critical for Development and Pathogenesis in Magnaporthe oryzae. mSystems 2021; 6:e0046221. [PMID: 34609170 PMCID: PMC8547450 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00462-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Trehalose biosynthesis pathway is a potential target for antifungal drug development, and trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) accumulation is widely known to have toxic effects on cells. However, how organisms maintain a safe T6P level and cope with its cytotoxicity effects when accumulated have not been reported. Herein, we unveil the mechanism by which the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae avoids T6P accumulation and the genetic and physiological adjustments it undergoes to self-adjust the metabolite level when it is unavoidably accumulated. We found that T6P accumulation leads to defects in fugal development and pathogenicity. The accumulated T6P impairs cell wall assembly by disrupting actin organization. The disorganization of actin impairs the distribution of chitin synthases, thereby disrupting cell wall polymer distribution. Additionally, accumulation of T6P compromise energy metabolism. M. oryzae was able to overcome the effects of T6P accumulation by self-mutation of its MoTPS3 gene at two different mutation sites. We further show that mutation of MoTPS3 suppresses MoTps1 activity to reduce the intracellular level of T6P and partially restore ΔMotps2 defects. Overall, our results provide insights into the cytotoxicity effects of T6P accumulation and uncover a spontaneous mutation strategy to rebalance accumulated T6P in M. oryzae. IMPORTANCEM. oryzae, the causative agent of the rice blast disease, threatens rice production worldwide. Our results revealed that T6P accumulation, caused by the disruption of MoTPS2, has toxic effects on fugal development and pathogenesis in M. oryzae. The accumulated T6P impairs the distribution of cell wall polymers via actin organization and therefore disrupts cell wall structure. M. oryzae uses a spontaneous mutation to restore T6P cytotoxicity. Seven spontaneous mutation sites were found, and a mutation in MoTPS3 was further identified. The spontaneous mutation in MoTPS3 can partially rescue ΔMotps2 defects by suppressing MoTps1 activity to alleviate T6P cytotoxicity. This study provides clear evidence for better understanding of T6P cytotoxicity and how the fungus protects itself from T6P’s toxic effects when it has accumulated to severely high levels.
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Xu C, Chen H, Wu Q, Wu Y, Daly P, Chen J, Yang H, Wei L, Zhuang Y. Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase inhibitor: N-(phenylthio) phthalimide, which can inhibit the DON biosynthesis of Fusarium graminearum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 178:104917. [PMID: 34446193 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight(FHB)caused by Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) is one of the most important diseases around the world. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a type of mycotoxin produced by FGSC when infecting cereal crops. It is a serious threat to the health of both humans and livestock. Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP), a conserved metabolic enzyme found in many plants and pathogens, catalyzes the formation of trehalose. N-(phenylthio) phthalimide (NPP) has been reported to inhibit the normal growth of nematodes by inhibiting the activity of TPP, but this inhibitor of nematodes has not previously been tested against F. graminearum. In this study, we found that TPP in F. graminearum (FgTPP) had similar secondary structures and conserved cysteine (Cys356) to nematodes by means of bioinformatics. At the same time, the sensitivity of F. graminearum strains to NPP was determined. NPP exhibited a better inhibitory effect on conidia germination than mycelial growth. In addition, the effects of NPP on DON biosynthesis and trehalose biosynthesis pathway in PH-1 were also determined. We found that NPP decreased DON production, trehalose content, glucose content and TPP enzyme activity but increased trehalose-6-phosphate content and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) enzyme activity. Moreover, the expression of TRI1, TRI4, TRI5, TRI6, and TPP genes were downregulated, on the contrary, the TPS gene was upregulated. Finally, in order to further determine the control ability of NPP on DON production in the field, we conducted a series of field experiments, and found that NPP could effectively reduce the DON content in wheat grain and had a general control effect on FHB. In conclusion, the research in this study will provide important theoretical basis for controlling FHB caused by F. graminearum and reducing DON production in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Zhenjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jurong 212400, China.
| | - Hongzhou Chen
- Zhenjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jurong 212400, China
| | - Qinyan Wu
- Zhenjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jurong 212400, China
| | - Yuqi Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Paul Daly
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hongfu Yang
- Zhenjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jurong 212400, China
| | - Lihui Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yiqing Zhuang
- Testing Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China.
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21
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Abstract
Accumulation of phosphorylated intermediates during cellular metabolism can have wide-ranging toxic effects on many organisms, including humans and the pathogens that infect them. These toxicities can be induced by feeding an upstream metabolite (a sugar, for instance) while simultaneously blocking the appropriate metabolic pathway with either a mutation or an enzyme inhibitor. Here, we survey the toxicities that can arise in the metabolism of glucose, galactose, fructose, fructose-asparagine, glycerol, trehalose, maltose, mannose, mannitol, arabinose, and rhamnose. Select enzymes in these metabolic pathways may serve as novel therapeutic targets. Some are conserved broadly among prokaryotes and eukaryotes (e.g., glucose and galactose) and are therefore unlikely to be viable drug targets. However, others are found only in bacteria (e.g., fructose-asparagine, rhamnose, and arabinose), and one is found in fungi but not in humans (trehalose). We discuss what is known about the mechanisms of toxicity and how resistance is achieved in order to identify the prospects and challenges associated with targeted exploitation of these pervasive metabolic vulnerabilities.
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22
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Nieva AS, Romero FM, Erban A, Carrasco P, Ruiz OA, Kopka J. Metabolic Profiling and Metabolite Correlation Network Analysis Reveal That Fusarium solani Induces Differential Metabolic Responses in Lotus japonicus and Lotus tenuis against Severe Phosphate Starvation. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:765. [PMID: 34575803 PMCID: PMC8468338 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Root fungal endophytes are essential mediators of plant nutrition under mild stress conditions. However, variations in the rhizosphere environment, such as nutrient depletion, could result in a stressful situation for both partners, shifting mutualistic to nonconvenient interactions. Mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes (DSEs) have demonstrated their ability to facilitate phosphate (Pi) acquisition. However, few studies have investigated other plant-fungal interactions that take place in the root environment with regard to phosphate nutrition. In the present research work, we aimed to analyze the effect of extreme Pi starvation and the fungal endophyte Fusarium solani on the model Lotus japonicus and the crop L. tenuis. We conducted metabolomics analysis based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) on plant tissues under optimal conditions, severe Pi starvation and F.solani presence. By combining statistical and correlation network analysis strategies, we demonstrated the differential outcomes of the two plant species against the combination of treatments. The combination of nutritional stress and Fusarium presence activated significant modifications in the metabolism of L. japonicus affecting the levels of sugars, polyols and some amino acids. Our results display potential markers for further inspection of the factors related to plant nutrition and plant-fungal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Susana Nieva
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (A.E.); (J.K.)
- Postdoctoral Fellow—Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD), Kennedyallee 50, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Fernando Matías Romero
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martin (UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, Chascomús 7130, Argentina; (F.M.R.); (O.A.R.)
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (A.E.); (J.K.)
| | - Pedro Carrasco
- Institut de Biotecnològia i Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Av. Doctor Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;
| | - Oscar Adolfo Ruiz
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martin (UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2, Chascomús 7130, Argentina; (F.M.R.); (O.A.R.)
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (A.E.); (J.K.)
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23
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Yang P, Yi SY, Nian JN, Yuan QS, He WJ, Zhang JB, Liao YC. Application of Double-Strand RNAs Targeting Chitin Synthase, Glucan Synthase, and Protein Kinase Reduces Fusarium graminearum Spreading in Wheat. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:660976. [PMID: 34305830 PMCID: PMC8299488 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.660976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the devastating fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum (Fg) is a challenge due to inadequate resistance in nature. Here, we report on the identification of RNAi molecules and their applications for controlling Fg in wheat through silencing chitin synthase 7 (Chs7), glucan synthase (Gls) and protein kinase C (Pkc). From transgenic Fg strains four RNAi constructs from Chs7 (Chs7RNAi−1, −2, −3, and −4), three RNAi constructs from Gls (GlsRNAi−2, −3, and −6), and one RNAi construct from Pkc (PkcRNAi−5) were identified that displayed effective silencing effects on mycelium growth in medium and pathogenicity in wheat spikes. Transcript levels of Chs7, Gls and Pkc were markedly reduced in those strains. Double-strand RNAs (dsRNAs) of three selected RNAi constructs (Chs7RNAi-4, GlsRNAi-6 and PkcRNA-5) strongly inhibited mycelium growth in vitro. Spray of those dsRNAs on detached wheat leaves significantly reduced lesion sizes; the independent dsRNAs showed comparable effects on lesions with combination of two or three dsRNAs. Expression of three targets Chs7, Gls, and Pkc was substantially down-regulated in Fg-infected wheat leaves. Further application of dsRNAs on wheat spikes in greenhouse significantly reduced infected spikelets. The identified RNAi constructs may be directly used for spray-induced gene silencing and stable expression in plants to control Fusarium pathogens in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Yuan Yi
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Forestry and Fruit Tree Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Na Nian
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Song Yuan
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei-Jie He
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Bo Zhang
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Cai Liao
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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24
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Bian C, Duan Y, Xiu Q, Wang J, Tao X, Zhou M. Mechanism of validamycin A inhibiting DON biosynthesis and synergizing with DMI fungicides against Fusarium graminearum. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:769-785. [PMID: 33934484 PMCID: PMC8232029 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a vital virulence factor of Fusarium graminearum, which causes Fusarium head blight (FHB). We recently found that validamycin A (VMA), an aminoglycoside antibiotic, can be used to control FHB and inhibit DON contamination, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we found that both neutral and acid trehalase (FgNTH and FgATH) are the targets of VMA in F. graminearum, and the deficiency of FgNTH and FgATH reduces the sensitivity to VMA by 2.12- and 1.79-fold, respectively, indicating that FgNTH is the main target of VMA. We found FgNTH is responsible for vegetative growth, FgATH is critical to sexual reproduction, and both of them play an important role in conidiation and virulence in F. graminearum. We found that FgNTH resided in the cytoplasm, affected the localization of FgATH, and positively regulated DON biosynthesis; however, FgATH resided in vacuole and negatively regulated DON biosynthesis. FgNTH interacted with FgPK (pyruvate kinase), a key enzyme in glycolysis, and the interaction was reduced by VMA; the deficiency of FgNTH affected the localization of FgPK under DON induction condition. Strains with a deficiency of FgNTH were more sensitive to demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides. FgNTH regulated the expression level of FgCYP51A and FgCYP51B by interacting with FgCYP51B. Taken together, VMA inhibits DON biosynthesis by targeting FgNTH and reducing the interaction between FgNTH and FgPK, and synergizes with DMI fungicides against F. graminearum by decreasing FgCYP51A and FgCYP51B expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhong Bian
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yabing Duan
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qian Xiu
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jueyu Wang
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xian Tao
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mingguo Zhou
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
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25
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Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Disodium Salt Acts as an Antifungal Candidate Molecule against Fusarium
graminearum by Inhibiting DON Biosynthesis and Chitin Synthase Activity. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 13:toxins13010017. [PMID: 33375470 PMCID: PMC7823441 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium fungi are the cause of an array of devastating diseases affecting yield losses and accumulating mycotoxins. Fungicides can be exploited against Fusarium and deoxynivalenol (DON) production. However, Fusarium resistance to common chemicals has become a therapeutic challenge worldwide, which indicates that new control agents carrying different mechanisms of action are desperately needed. Here, we found that a nonantibiotic drug, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTANa2), exhibited various antifungal activities against Fusarium species and DON biosynthesis. The infection of wheat seeding caused by F. graminearum was suppressed over 90% at 4 mM EDTANa2. A similar control effect was observed in field tests. Mycotoxin production assays showed DON production was significantly inhibited, 47% lower than the control, by 0.4 mM EDTANa2. In vitro experiments revealed a timely inhibition of H2O2 production as quickly as 4 h after amending cultures with EDTANa2 and the expression of several TRI genes significantly decreased. Chitin synthases of Fusarium were Mn2+-containing enzymes that were strongly inhibited by Mn2+ deficiency. EDTANa2 inhibited chitin synthesis and destroyed the cell wall and cytomembrane integrity of Fusarium, mainly via the chelation of Mn2+ by EDTANa2, and thus led to Mn deficiency in Fusarium cells. Taken together, these findings uncover the potential of EDTANa2 as a fungicide candidate to manage Fusarium head blight (FHB) and DON in agricultural production.
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26
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Song XS, Xiao XM, Gu KX, Gao J, Ding SC, Zhou MG. The ASK1 gene regulates the sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum to carbendazim, conidiation and sexual production by combining with β 2-tubulin. Curr Genet 2020; 67:165-176. [PMID: 33130939 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
β-tubulin, a component of microtubules, is involved in a wide variety of roles in cell shape, motility, intracellular trafficking and regulating intracellular metabolism. It has been an important fungicide target to control plant pathogen, for example, Fusarium. However, the regulation of fungicide sensitivity by β-tubulin-interacting proteins is still unclear. Here, ASK1 was identified as a β-tubulin interacting protein. The ASK1 regulated the sensitivity of Fusarium to carbendazim (a benzimidazole carbamate fungicide), and multiple cellular processes, such as chromatin separation, conidiation and sexual production. Further, we found the point mutations at 50th and 198th of β2-tubulin which caused carbendazim resistance decreased the binding between β2-tubulin and ASK1, resulting in the deactivation of ASK1. ASK1, on the other hand, competed with carbendazim to bind to β2-tubulin. The point mutation F167Y in β2-tubulin broke the intermolecular H-bonds and salt bridges between β2-tubulin and ASK1, which reduced the competitive effect of ASK1 to carbendazim and resulted in the similar carbendazim sensitivities in F167Y-ΔASK1 and F167Y. These findings have powerful implications for efforts to understand the interaction among β2-tubulin, its interacting proteins and fungicide, as well as to discover and develop new fungicide against Fusarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Shi Song
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China.,The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xue-Mei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kai-Xin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shao-Chen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ming-Guo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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27
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Wang SS, Li GY, Liu YK, Luo YJ, Xu CD, Li C, Tang B. Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism by Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase 3 in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Front Physiol 2020; 11:575485. [PMID: 33041873 PMCID: PMC7527630 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.575485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is one of the pests that harm rice. In this paper, a new trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene, TPS3, was identified by transcriptome sequencing and gene cloning. To explore its role in the energy metabolism of N. lugens we examined the carbohydrate contents at different stages of development, the tissue expression of TPS, and some physiological and biochemical indicators by injecting dsTPS3 and dsTPSs (a proportional mixture of dsTPS1, dsTPS2, and dsTPS3). The glucose content at the fifth instar was significantly higher than that in the fourth instar and the adult stages. The trehalose and glycogen contents before molting were higher than those after molting. TPS1, TPS2, and TPS3 were expressed in the head, leg, wing bud, and cuticle, with the highest expression in the wing bud. In addition, compared with the control group, the glucose content increased significantly at 48 h after RNA interference, and the trehalose content decreased significantly after 72 h. qRT-PCR showed that the expression level of UGPase decreased significantly at 48 h after injection, whereas GS expression increased significantly at 48 h after injecting dsTPS3. After dsTPS injection, the expression levels of PPGM2, UGPase, GP, and GS increased significantly at 72 h. After interfering with the expression of TPS3 gene alone, UGPase expression decreased significantly at 48 h, and GS expression increased significantly at 72 h. Finally, combined with the digital gene expression and pathway analysis, 1439 and 1346 genes were upregulated, and 2127 and 1927 genes were downregulated in the dsTPS3 and dsTPSs groups, respectively. The function of most differential genes was concentrated in sugar metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. The results indicated that TPS3 plays a key role in the energy metabolism of N. lugens and confirmed that TPS3 is a feasible target gene for RNA interference in N. lugens. Simultaneously, they provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of TPS3 to control pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Yong Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong-Kang Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Jia Luo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cai-Di Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Can Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Liu J, Sun Z, Zou Y, Li W, He F, Huang X, Lin C, Cai Q, Wisniewski M, Wu X. Pre- and postharvest measures used to control decay and mycotoxigenic fungi in potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) during storage. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:415-428. [PMID: 32924541 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1818688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), a worldwide, staple food crop, is susceptible to postharvest rots caused by a variety of fungal pathogens, including Fusarium spp., Alternaria spp., Phytophthora infestans, Helminthosporium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, and Colletotrichum coccodes. Rots resulting from infections by these pathogens cause a significant reduction in potato quality and marketable yield. Importantly, some of these decay fungi also produce mycotoxins that represent a potential risk to human health. In the present review, an overview and discussion are provided on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of decay fungi, especially Fusarium spp., that include recent data derived from genomic and phylogenetic analyses. The biosynthesis and functional role of fungitoxic metabolites such as trichothecene mycotoxins and fusaric acid, produced in rotted potatoes are also reviewed. Advances in pre- and postharvest measures for rot management, especially eco-friendly methods including physical control, biological control, the use of natural compounds, and other agricultural management practices are also reviewed. Lastly, novel approaches to control potato dry rot such as the use of mycoviruses and CRISPR technology are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Yantai Lvyun Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Yuping Zou
- Yantai Lvyun Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Yantai Lvyun Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Fangyun He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoya Huang
- Yantai Lvyun Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Chenglin Lin
- Yantai Lvyun Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Qingnian Cai
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Xuehong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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29
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Qiu L, Wei XY, Wang SJ, Wang JJ. Characterization of trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase in trehalose biosynthesis, asexual development, stress resistance and virulence of an insect mycopathogen. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 163:185-192. [PMID: 31973856 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological control potential of entomopathogenic fungi depending on conidiation capacity, conidial stress tolerance and virulence can be improved through genetic engineering. To explore a possible role of trehalose biosynthesis pathway in improving fungal pest-control potential, we characterized biological functions of trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (BbTPP) in Beauveria bassiana, an insect mycopathogen that serves as a main source of fungal insecticides. Deletion of BbTPP resulted in abolished trehalose biosynthesis, reduced conidiation capacity, decreases in conidial thermotolerance and UV-B resistance, increased hyphal sensitivities to chemical stresses, and attenuated virulence. By contrast, over-expression of BbTPP led to increased trehalose accumulation, decreased T6P accumulation, and enhanced stress tolerance and virulence despite little impact on growth and conidiation under normal conditions. These results indicate that BbTPP serves as not only a key player in control of trehalose biosynthesis required for multiple cellular functions but also a potential candidate to be exploited for genetic improvement of fungal potential against insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shou-Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Juan-Juan Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China.
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30
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Liu C, Chen F, Zhang J, Liu L, Lei H, Li H, Wang Y, Liao YC, Tang H. Metabolic Changes of Fusarium graminearum Induced by TPS Gene Deletion. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3317-3327. [PMID: 31241341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) mainly resulting from Fusarium graminearum (Fg) Schwabe is a notorious wheat disease causing huge losses in wheat production globally. Fg also produces mycotoxins, which are harmful to human and domestic animals. In our previous study, we obtained two Fg mutants, TPS1- and TPS2-, respectively, with a single deletion of trehalose 6-phosphate synthase (TPS1) and trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase (TPS2) compared with the wild type (WT). Both mutants were unable to synthesize trehalose and produced fewer mycotoxins. To understand the other biochemical changes induced by TPS gene deletion in Fg, we comprehensively analyzed the metabolomic differences between TPS- mutants and the WT using NMR together with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection/mass spectrometry. The expression of some relevant genes was also quantified. The results showed that TPS1- and TPS2- mutants shared some common metabolic feature such as decreased levels for trehalose, Val, Thr, Lys, Asp, His, Trp, malonate, citrate, uridine, guanosine, inosine, AMP, C10:0, and C16:1 compared with the WT. Both mutants also shared some common expressional patterns for most of the relevant genes. This suggests that apart from the reduced trehalose biosynthesis, both TPS1 and TPS2 have roles in inhibiting glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle but promoting the phosphopentose pathway and nucleotide synthesis; the depletion of either TPS gene reduces the acetyl-CoA-mediated mycotoxin biosynthesis. TPS2- mutants produced more fatty acids than TPS1- mutants, suggesting different roles for TPS1 and TPS2, with TPS2- mutants having impaired trehalose biosynthesis and trehalose 6-phosphate accumulation. This may offer opportunities for developing new fungicides targeting trehalose biosynthesis in Fg for FHB control and mycotoxin reduction in the FHB-affected cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixiang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics , Wuhan 430071 , P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences , Hubei University , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China.,Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, College of Plant Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
| | - Jingtao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics , Wuhan 430071 , P. R. China
| | - Laixing Liu
- School of Management , Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430205 , P. R. China
| | - Hehua Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics , Wuhan 430071 , P. R. China
| | - Heping Li
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, College of Plant Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
| | - Yulan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics , Wuhan 430071 , P. R. China.,Singapore Phenome Centre, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Nanyang , Singapore
| | - Yu-Cai Liao
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, College of Plant Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
| | - Huiru Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics , Wuhan 430071 , P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Metabolomics and Systems Biology Laboratory in Human Phenome Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , P. R. China
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31
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Cuperlovic-Culf M, Vaughan MM, Vermillion K, Surendra A, Teresi J, McCormick SP. Effects of Atmospheric CO 2 Level on the Metabolic Response of Resistant and Susceptible Wheat to Fusarium graminearum Infection. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:379-391. [PMID: 30256178 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-18-0161-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations and associated climate changes are thought to have contributed to the steady increase of Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat. However, our understanding of precisely how elevated CO2 influences the defense response of wheat against Fusarium graminearum remains limited. In this study, we evaluated the metabolic profiles of susceptible (Norm) and moderately resistant (Alsen) spring wheat in response to whole-head inoculation with two deoxynivalenol (DON)-producing F. graminearum isolates (DON+), isolates 9F1 and Gz3639, and a DON-deficient (DON-) isolate (Gzt40) at ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (800 ppm) CO2 concentrations. The effects of elevated CO2 were dependent on both the Fusarium strain and the wheat variety, but metabolic differences in the host can explain the observed changes in F. graminearum biomass and DON accumulation. The complexity of abiotic and biotic stress interactions makes it difficult to determine if the observed metabolic changes in wheat are a result of CO2-induced changes in the host, the pathogen, or a combination of both. However, the effects of elevated CO2 were not dependent on DON production. Finally, we identified several metabolic biomarkers for wheat that can reliably predict FHB resistance or susceptibility, even as atmospheric CO2 levels rise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martha M Vaughan
- 2 Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, NCAUR, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL, U.S.A
| | - Karl Vermillion
- 2 Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, NCAUR, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL, U.S.A
| | - Anu Surendra
- 1 National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada; and
| | - Jennifer Teresi
- 2 Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, NCAUR, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL, U.S.A
| | - Susan P McCormick
- 2 Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, NCAUR, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL, U.S.A
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32
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Gu KX, Song XS, Xiao XM, Duan XX, Wang JX, Duan YB, Hou YP, Zhou MG. A β 2-tubulin dsRNA derived from Fusarium asiaticum confers plant resistance to multiple phytopathogens and reduces fungicide resistance. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 153:36-46. [PMID: 30744895 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Crops are attacked by a large number of pathogens which are responsible for an approximately 30% loss in global crop production at pre- and post-harvest levels. In light of the continuing emergence of fungicide resistance, the needs for new agricultural drugs turn out to be much more critical. Here we demonstrated a Faβ2Tub-3 dsRNA derived from Fusarium asiaticum had broad-spectrum antifungal activity against Fusarium spp., Botrytis cinerea, Magnaporthe oryzae and Colletotrichum truncatum, with an additional function of reducing the dosage of carbendazim (MBC) fungicide. RNAi molecules derived from different regions of β2-tubulin gene had different effects on mycelial growth, asexual reproduction and virulence. Faβ2Tub-3 (one of β2-tubulin segments) exhibited a strong silencing efficacy both on β1-tubulin and β2-tubulin genes in F. asiaticum. Faβ2Tub-3 sequence was found to be highly conserved among Fusarium spp., Botrytis cinerea, Magnaporthe oryzae and Colletotrichum truncatum. The Faβ2Tub-3 dsRNA demonstrated a broad-spectrum antifungal activity against these fungi in vitro and on living plant. More importantly, Faβ2Tub-3 dsRNA increased the fungal sensitivity to MBC, while MBC increased the duration of Faβ2Tub-3 dsRNA. Our findings suggest a new anti-fungal agent (Faβ2Tub-3 dsRNA) for plant protection against diverse pathogens and for fungicide reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiu-Shi Song
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xue-Mei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian-Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ya-Bing Duan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yi-Ping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ming-Guo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China.
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33
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Song X, Gu K, Duan X, Xiao X, Hou Y, Duan Y, Wang J, Yu N, Zhou M. Secondary amplification of siRNA machinery limits the application of spray-induced gene silencing. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:2543-2560. [PMID: 30027625 PMCID: PMC6638038 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) is an innovative strategy for crop protection. However, the mechanism of SIGS is not known. Here, we first demonstrate that secondary small interfering RNA (siRNA) amplification limits the application of SIGS. A myosin5 gene (Myo5) was chosen as the target of SIGS in an agronomically important pathogen-Fusarium asiaticum. Five segments corresponding to the different regions of the Myo5 gene were found to efficiently silence Myo5, resulting in cell wall defects, life cycle disruption and virulence reduction. Myo5-8 (one of the Myo5 segments) induced sequence-specific RNA interference (RNAi) activity in F. asiaticum, F. graminearum, F. tricinctum and F. oxysporum, but not in other fungi, in vitro. Remarkably, the silencing of Myo5 lasted for only 9 h unless the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) was continuously supplied, because F. asiaticum is unable to maintain siRNA amplification. After spraying on plants, dsRNAs were more efficiently taken up via the wounded surface. The antifungal activity of dsRNAs taken up by plant cells was higher and longer lasting than that dried onto the plant surface. In contrast with dsRNAs in fungi, dsRNAs in plant cells could efficiently turn into substantial siRNAs via secondary amplification machinery. Our findings provide new implications to develop SIGS as a mainstream disease control strategy against Fusarium and other fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu‐Shi Song
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu Province210095China
| | - Kai‐Xin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu Province210095China
| | - Xiao‐Xin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu Province210095China
| | - Xue‐Mei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu Province210095China
| | - Yi‐Ping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu Province210095China
| | - Ya‐Bing Duan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu Province210095China
| | - Jian‐Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu Province210095China
| | - Na Yu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu Province210095China
| | - Ming‐Guo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu Province210095China
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34
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Qu XP, Li JS, Wang JX, Wu LY, Wang YF, Chen CJ, Zhou MG, Hou YP. Effects of the dinitroaniline fungicide fluazinam on Fusarium fujikuroi and rice. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 152:98-105. [PMID: 30497718 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium fujikuroi is the primary causal agent of rice bakanae disease. Fluazinam is a protective dinitroaniline fungicide which could interrupt the fungal cell's energy production. Little is known about the effects of fluazinam on F. fujikuroi. In this study, baseline sensitivity of F. fujikuroi to fluazinam was determined using 103 isolates collected from diseased young rice of different fields in Shaoxing of Zhejiang Province and Huaian of Jiangsu Province of China in 2016. The EC50 values of fluazinam on inhibiting mycelial growth against 103 isolates of F. fujikuroi ranged from 0.0621 to 0.5446 μg/mL with the average value of 0.2038 ± 0.0099 μg/mL (mean ± standard error). The EC50 values of fluazinam on suppressing conidium germination against 103 isolates of F. fujikuroi ranged from 0.1006 to 0.9763 μg/mL with the mean value of 0.3552 ± 0.0181 μg/mL. Treated with fluazinam, hyphae of F. fujikuroi were contorted, offshoot of top mycelia increased, conidial production descreased significantly and exopolysaccharide (EPS) content did not change significantly while peroxidase (POD) activity significantly decreased. Meanwhile, cell membrane permeability increased after treated with fluazinam. The analysis of cell ultrastructure indicated that fluazinam could damage the membrane structure of F. fujikuroi and cause a large number of vacuoles formed. In addition, fluazinam did not affect germination rate, plant height and fresh weight of rice, which indicated that fluazinam was safe to rice. All the results indicated that fluazinam had strong antifungal activity against F. fujikuroi and a potential application in controlling rice bakanae disease. These results will provide useful information for management of rice bakanae disease caused by F. fujikuroi and further increase our understanding about the mode of action of fluazinam against F. fujikuroi and other phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Pu Qu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jiao-Sheng Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jian-Xin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Luo-Yu Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Ying-Fan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Chang-Jun Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Ming-Guo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yi-Ping Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
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35
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Song XS, Gu KX, Duan XX, Xiao XM, Hou YP, Duan YB, Wang JX, Zhou MG. A myosin5 dsRNA that reduces the fungicide resistance and pathogenicity of Fusarium asiaticum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 150:1-9. [PMID: 30195381 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fungal resistance to fungicides is a serious challenge in crop protection. Although strategies have been found to prevent the development of fungicide resistance, rare strategy has been found to quickly reduce such resistance once it has occurred. We demonstrate that the application of dsRNAs, which inhibit the expression of the phenamacril (fungicide JS399-19) target gene-Myosin 5 (Myo5) in Fusarium, decreased F. asiaticum resistance to phenamacril and infection. RNAi molecules derived from different regions of Myo5 gene had different effects on phenamacril-resistance. Myo5-8 (one of Myo5 segments) exhibited great and stable effect on phenamacril-resistant reduction both in vivo and in vitro. Myo5 mRNA and protein were both reduced when mycelium was treated with Myo5-8 dsRNA. After a mixture of Myo5-8 dsRNA and phenamacril treatment, plants can highly control the infection of phenamacril-resistant strain. The antifungal activity of Myo5-8 dsRNA plus phenamacril effected longer than a single Myo5-8 dsRNA. In addition, no off-target sequences were found in wheat and/or other plant and animal species for Myo5-8 dsRNA sequence. Our findings suggest a new strategy for fungicide resistant reduction and for designing new fungicides to control pathogens which easily develop fungicide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Shi Song
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kai-Xin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xue-Mei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yi-Ping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ya-Bing Duan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian-Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ming-Guo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Chen YL, Mao XW, Wang JX, Wu LY, Zhou MG, Hou YP. Activity of the dinitroaniline fungicide fluazinam against Bipolaris maydis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 148:8-15. [PMID: 29891381 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluazinam is a dinitroaniline fungicide with broad-spectrum activities. However, the activity of fluazinam against Bipolaris maydis which is the causal agent of southern corn leaf blight is unknown yet. In this study, baseline sensitivity of B. maydis to fluazinam was determined using 92 isolates collected during 2015 and 2016 from different geographical regions in Jiangsu Province of China, and the EC50 values ranged from 0.0396 to 0.9808 μg/ml with average value of 0.3853 ± 0.2297 μg/ml, and 0.079 to 0.7832 μg/ml with average value of 0.3065 ± 0.1384 μg/ml for mycelial growth and conidium germination respectively. Fluazinam did not affect the distribution of cell nucleus and the formation of septum of B. maydis. However, fluazinam could make mycelium of B. maydis contorted and the mycelial branches increased and inhibit the development of conidia. The result of transmission electron microscope showed that fluazinam damaged cell wall and cell membrane of mycelium, and make organelles in mycelial cell dissolved and vacuolated, and the cell almost broke up, which caused the intracellular plasma leakage increase. The protective activity test of fluazinam suggested that fluazinam had great control efficiency against B. maydis on detached corn leaves. Application of fluazinam at 10 μg/ml and 20 μg/ml, the control efficacy reached to 87.70% and 98.25% respectively. However, fluazinam had no curative activity against B. maydis on detached corn leaves. These results will contribute to us on evaluating the potential of the dinitroaniline fungicide fluazinam for management of diseases caused by B. maydis and understanding the mode of action of fluazinam against B. maydis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xue-Wei Mao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jian-Xin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Luo-Yu Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Ming-Guo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yi-Ping Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
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Atanasova-Penichon V, Legoahec L, Bernillon S, Deborde C, Maucourt M, Verdal-Bonnin MN, Pinson-Gadais L, Ponts N, Moing A, Richard-Forget F. Mycotoxin Biosynthesis and Central Metabolism Are Two Interlinked Pathways in Fusarium graminearum, as Demonstrated by the Extensive Metabolic Changes Induced by Caffeic Acid Exposure. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e01705-17. [PMID: 29427428 PMCID: PMC5881057 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01705-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is a major plant pathogen that causes devastating diseases of cereals and produces type B trichothecene (TCTB) mycotoxins in infected grains. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying the regulation of TCTB biosynthesis is required for improving strategies to control the TCTB contamination of crops and ensuring that these strategies do not favor the production of other toxic metabolites by F. graminearum Elucidation of the association of TCTB biosynthesis with other central and specialized processes was the focus of this study. Combined 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) analyses were used to compare the exo- and endometabolomes of F. graminearum grown under toxin-inducing and -repressing caffeic acid conditions. Ninety-five metabolites were putatively or unambiguously identified, including 26 primary and 69 specialized metabolites. Our data demonstrated that the inhibition of TCTB production induced by caffeic acid exposure was associated with significant changes in the secondary and primary metabolism of F. graminearum, although the fungal growth was not affected. The main metabolic changes were an increase in the accumulation of several polyketides, including toxic ones, alterations in the tricarboxylic organic acid cycle, and modifications in the metabolism of several amino acids and sugars. While these findings provide insights into the mechanisms that govern the inhibition of TCTB production by caffeic acid, they also demonstrate the interdependence between the biosynthetic pathway of TCTB and several primary and specialized metabolic pathways. These results provide further evidence of the multifaceted role of TCTB in the life cycle of F. graminearumIMPORTANCEFusarium graminearum is a major plant pathogen that causes devastating diseases of cereal crops and produces type B trichothecene (TCTB) mycotoxins in infected grains. The best way to restrict consumer exposure to TCTB is to limit their production before harvest, which requires increasing the knowledge on the mechanisms that regulate their biosynthesis. Using a metabolomics approach, we investigated the interconnection between the TCTB production pathway and several fungal metabolic pathways. We demonstrated that alteration in the TCTB biosynthetic pathway can have a significant impact on other metabolic pathways, including the biosynthesis of toxic polyketides, and vice versa. These findings open new avenues for identifying fungal targets for the design of molecules with antimycotoxin properties and therefore improving sustainable strategies to fight against diseases caused by F. graminearum Our data further demonstrate that analyses should consider all fungal toxic metabolites rather than the targeted family of mycotoxins when assessing the efficacy of control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurie Legoahec
- UR1264 MycSA, INRA, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Stéphane Bernillon
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Metabolome Facility of Bordeaux Functional Genomics Center, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Catherine Deborde
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Metabolome Facility of Bordeaux Functional Genomics Center, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Mickaël Maucourt
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Metabolome Facility of Bordeaux Functional Genomics Center, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Laetitia Pinson-Gadais
- UR1264 MycSA, INRA, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nadia Ponts
- UR1264 MycSA, INRA, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Annick Moing
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Metabolome Facility of Bordeaux Functional Genomics Center, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine-Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
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38
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Kazan K, Gardiner DM. Transcriptomics of cereal-Fusarium graminearum interactions: what we have learned so far. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:764-778. [PMID: 28411402 PMCID: PMC6638174 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The ascomycete fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum causes the globally important Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease on cereal hosts, such as wheat and barley. In addition to reducing grain yield, infection by this pathogen causes major quality losses. In particular, the contamination of food and feed with the F. graminearum trichothecene toxin deoxynivalenol (DON) can have many adverse short- and long-term effects on human and animal health. During the last decade, the interaction between F. graminearum and both cereal and model hosts has been extensively studied through transcriptomic analyses. In this review, we present an overview of how such analyses have advanced our understanding of this economically important plant-microbe interaction. From a host point of view, the transcriptomes of FHB-resistant and FHB-susceptible cereal genotypes, including near-isogenic lines (NILs) that differ by the presence or absence of quantitative trait loci (QTLs), have been studied to understand the mechanisms of disease resistance afforded by such QTLs. Transcriptomic analyses employed to dissect host responses to DON have facilitated the identification of the genes involved in toxin detoxification and disease resistance. From the pathogen point of view, the transcriptome of F. graminearum during pathogenic vs. saprophytic growth, or when infecting different cereal hosts or different tissues of the same host, have been studied. In addition, comparative transcriptomic analyses of F. graminearum knock-out mutants with altered virulence have provided new insights into pathogenicity-related processes. The F. graminearum transcriptomic data generated over the years are now being exploited to build a systems level understanding of the biology of this pathogen, with an ultimate aim of developing effective and sustainable disease prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Kazan
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food Queensland Bioscience PrecinctSt. LuciaQld4067Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation (QAAFI)University of Queensland, Queensland Bioscience PrecinctSt. LuciaQld4067Australia
| | - Donald M. Gardiner
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food Queensland Bioscience PrecinctSt. LuciaQld4067Australia
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Liu C, Dunaway-Mariano D, Mariano PS. Rational design of first generation inhibitors for trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatases. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Additive roles of two TPS genes in trehalose synthesis, conidiation, multiple stress responses and host infection of a fungal insect pathogen. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3637-3651. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yang M, Zhao L, Shen Q, Xie G, Wang S, Tang B. Knockdown of two trehalose-6-phosphate synthases severely affects chitin metabolism gene expression in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:206-216. [PMID: 27060284 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA interference combined with digital gene expression (DGE) analysis can be used to study gene function. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) plays a key role in the synthesis of trehalose and insect development. RESULTS DGE analysis revealed that the expression of nine or four chitinase genes was reduced significantly 48 h after NlTPS1 and NlTPS2 knockdown by RNAi, respectively. Additionally, abnormal phenotypes were noted, and approximately 30% of insects died. HK and G6PI2 expression decreased significantly whereas GFAT, GNPNA and UAP expression increased significantly 72 h after NlTPS1 and NlTPS2 knockdown. PGM1 expression decreased significantly after TPS2 knockdown, whereas PGM2 expression increased significantly and the expression of three CHS genes decreased 48 h after TPS1 knockdown. The mRNA expression of all 12 chitin degradation genes decreased 48 h after NlTPS1 and NlTPS2 treatment, and Cht2, Cht3, Cht6, Cht7, Cht10 and ENGase levels remained significantly decreased up to 72 h after NlTPS1 and NlTPS2 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that silencing of TPS genes can lead to increased moulting deformities and mortality rates owing to the misregulation of genes involved in chitin metabolism, and TPS genes are potential pest control targets in the future. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Yang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qida Shen
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoqiang Xie
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shigui Wang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Animal Adaptation and Evolution, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Korte J, Alber M, Trujillo CM, Syson K, Koliwer-Brandl H, Deenen R, Köhrer K, DeJesus MA, Hartman T, Jacobs WR, Bornemann S, Ioerger TR, Ehrt S, Kalscheuer R. Trehalose-6-Phosphate-Mediated Toxicity Determines Essentiality of OtsB2 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis In Vitro and in Mice. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006043. [PMID: 27936238 PMCID: PMC5148154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Trehalose biosynthesis is considered an attractive target for the development of antimicrobials against fungal, helminthic and bacterial pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The most common biosynthetic route involves trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) synthase OtsA and T6P phosphatase OtsB that generate trehalose from ADP/UDP-glucose and glucose-6-phosphate. In order to assess the drug target potential of T6P phosphatase, we generated a conditional mutant of M. tuberculosis allowing the regulated gene silencing of the T6P phosphatase gene otsB2. We found that otsB2 is essential for growth of M. tuberculosis in vitro as well as for the acute infection phase in mice following aerosol infection. By contrast, otsB2 is not essential for the chronic infection phase in mice, highlighting the substantial remodelling of trehalose metabolism during infection by M. tuberculosis. Blocking OtsB2 resulted in the accumulation of its substrate T6P, which appears to be toxic, leading to the self-poisoning of cells. Accordingly, blocking T6P production in a ΔotsA mutant abrogated otsB2 essentiality. T6P accumulation elicited a global upregulation of more than 800 genes, which might result from an increase in RNA stability implied by the enhanced neutralization of toxins exhibiting ribonuclease activity. Surprisingly, overlap with the stress response caused by the accumulation of another toxic sugar phosphate molecule, maltose-1-phosphate, was minimal. A genome-wide screen for synthetic lethal interactions with otsA identified numerous genes, revealing additional potential drug targets synergistic with OtsB2 suitable for combination therapies that would minimize the emergence of resistance to OtsB2 inhibitors. Trehalose biosynthesis is considered an attractive target for the development of new drugs against various microbial pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this human pathogen, two partially redundant pathways mediate trehalose biosynthesis. The OtsA-OtsB2 pathway, which dominates in culture, involves trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) synthase OtsA and T6P phosphatase OtsB2. While OtsA is dispensable, OtsB2 is strictly essential for growth of M. tuberculosis. Using conditional gene silencing, we here show that essentiality of OtsB2 is linked to accumulation of its substrate T6P, which exhibits direct or indirect toxic effects. Regulated gene expression in vivo revealed that OtsB2 is required to establish an acute infection of M. tuberculosis in a mouse infection model, but is surprisingly fully dispensable during the chronic infection phase. This highlights that trehalose metabolism of M. tuberculosis is substantially remodelled during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korte
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marina Alber
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carolina M. Trujillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Karl Syson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik Koliwer-Brandl
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - René Deenen
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael A. DeJesus
- Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Travis Hartman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - William R. Jacobs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Stephen Bornemann
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas R. Ioerger
- Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sabine Ehrt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rainer Kalscheuer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Schwarz S, Van Dijck P. Trehalose metabolism: A sweet spot for Burkholderia pseudomallei virulence. Virulence 2016; 8:5-7. [PMID: 27540767 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1216295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schwarz
- a Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- b Department of Molecular Microbiology , VIB , Leuven , Belgium.,c Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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Song XS, Xing S, Li HP, Zhang JB, Qu B, Jiang JH, Fan C, Yang P, Liu JL, Hu ZQ, Xue S, Liao YC. An antibody that confers plant disease resistance targets a membrane-bound glyoxal oxidase in Fusarium. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:997-1010. [PMID: 26720747 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant germplasm resources with natural resistance against globally important toxigenic Fusarium are inadequate. CWP2, a Fusarium genus-specific antibody, confers durable resistance to different Fusarium pathogens that infect cereals and other crops, producing mycotoxins. However, the nature of the CWP2 target is not known. Thus, investigation of the gene coding for the CWP2 antibody target will likely provide critical insights into the mechanism underlying the resistance mediated by this disease-resistance antibody. Immunoblots and mass spectrometry analysis of two-dimensional electrophoresis gels containing cell wall proteins from Fusarium graminearum (Fg) revealed that a glyoxal oxidase (GLX) is the CWP2 antigen. Cellular localization studies showed that GLX is localized to the plasma membrane. This GLX efficiently catalyzes hydrogen peroxide production; this enzymatic activity was specifically inhibited by the CWP2 antibody. GLX-deletion strains of Fg, F. verticillioides (Fv) and F. oxysporum had significantly reduced virulence on plants. The GLX-deletion Fg and Fv strains had markedly reduced mycotoxin accumulation, and the expression of key genes in mycotoxin metabolism was downregulated. This study reveals a single gene-encoded and highly conserved cellular surface antigen that is specifically recognized by the disease-resistance antibody CWP2 and regulates both virulence and mycotoxin biosynthesis in Fusarium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Shi Song
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shu Xing
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - He-Ping Li
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing-Bo Zhang
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bo Qu
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jin-He Jiang
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chao Fan
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jin-Long Liu
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zu-Quan Hu
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sheng Xue
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu-Cai Liao
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Cervantes-Chávez JA, Valdés-Santiago L, Bakkeren G, Hurtado-Santiago E, León-Ramírez CG, Esquivel-Naranjo EU, Landeros-Jaime F, Rodríguez-Aza Y, Ruiz-Herrera J. Trehalose is required for stress resistance and virulence of the Basidiomycota plant pathogen Ustilago maydis. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2016; 162:1009-1022. [PMID: 27027300 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose is an important disaccharide that can be found in bacteria, fungi, invertebrates and plants. In some Ascomycota fungal plant pathogens, the role of trehalose was recently studied and shown to be important for conferring protection against several environmental stresses and for virulence. In most of the fungi studied, two enzymes are involved in the synthesis of trehalose: trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (Tps1) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (Tps2). To study the role of trehalose in virulence and stress response in the Basidiomycota maize pathogen Ustilago maydis, Δtps2 deletion mutants were constructed. These mutants did not produce trehalose as confirmed by HPLC analysis, showing that the single gene disruption impaired its biosynthesis. The mutants displayed increased sensitivity to oxidative, heat, acid, ionic and osmotic stresses as compared to the wild-type strains. Virulence of Δtps2 mutants to maize plants was extremely reduced compared to wild-type strains, possibly due to reduced capability to deal with the hostile host environment. The phenotypic traits displayed by Δtps2 strains were fully restored to wild-type levels when complemented with the endogenous UmTPS2 gene, or a chimeric construct having the Saccharomyces cerevisiae TPS2 ORF. This report demonstrates the presence of a single biosynthetic pathway for trehalose, and its importance for virulence in this model Basidiomycota plant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Cervantes-Chávez
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Unidad de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
| | - Laura Valdés-Santiago
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico
| | - Guus Bakkeren
- Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research & Development, BC, Canada
| | - Edda Hurtado-Santiago
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Unidad de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
| | | | - Edgardo Ulises Esquivel-Naranjo
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Unidad de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
| | - Fidel Landeros-Jaime
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Unidad de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Rodríguez-Aza
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico
| | - José Ruiz-Herrera
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Gto, Mexico
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Cao S, Zhang S, Hao C, Liu H, Xu JR, Jin Q. FgSsn3 kinase, a component of the mediator complex, is important for sexual reproduction and pathogenesis in Fusarium graminearum. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22333. [PMID: 26931632 PMCID: PMC4773989 DOI: 10.1038/srep22333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is an important pathogen of wheat and barley. In addition to severe yield losses, infested grains are often contaminated with harmful mycotoxins. In this study, we characterized the functions of FgSSN3 kinase gene in different developmental and infection processes and gene regulation in F. graminearum. The FgSSN3 deletion mutant had a nutrient-dependent growth defects and abnormal conidium morphology. It was significantly reduced in DON production, TRI gene expression, and virulence. Deletion of FgSSN3 also resulted in up-regulation of HTF1 and PCS1 expression in juvenile cultures, and repression of TRI genes in DON-producing cultures. In addition, Fgssn3 was female sterile and defective in hypopodium formation and infectious growth. RNA-seq analysis showed that FgSsn3 is involved in the transcriptional regulation of a wide variety genes acting as either a repressor or activator. FgSsn3 physically interacted with C-type cyclin Cid1 and the cid1 mutant had similar phenotypes with Fgssn3, indicating that FgSsn3 and Cid1 form the CDK-cyclin pair as a component of the mediator complex in F. graminearum. Taken together, our results indicate that FgSSN3 is important for secondary metabolism, sexual reproduction, and plant infection, as a subunit of mediator complex contributing to transcriptional regulation of diverse genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chaofeng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huiquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin-Rong Xu
- Dept. of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Qiaojun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Cheng W, Song XS, Li HP, Cao LH, Sun K, Qiu XL, Xu YB, Yang P, Huang T, Zhang JB, Qu B, Liao YC. Host-induced gene silencing of an essential chitin synthase gene confers durable resistance to Fusarium head blight and seedling blight in wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:1335-45. [PMID: 25735638 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium seedling blight (FSB) of wheat, caused by Fusarium pathogens, are devastating diseases worldwide. We report the expression of RNA interference (RNAi) sequences derived from an essential Fusarium graminearum (Fg) virulence gene, chitin synthase (Chs) 3b, as a method to enhance resistance of wheat plants to fungal pathogens. Deletion of Chs3b was lethal to Fg; disruption of the other Chs gene family members generated knockout mutants with diverse impacts on Fg. Comparative expression analyses revealed that among the Chs gene family members, Chs3b had the highest expression levels during Fg colonization of wheat. Three hairpin RNAi constructs corresponding to the different regions of Chs3b were found to silence Chs3b in transgenic Fg strains. Co-expression of these three RNAi constructs in two independent elite wheat cultivar transgenic lines conferred high levels of stable, consistent resistance (combined type I and II resistance) to both FHB and FSB throughout the T3 to T5 generations. Confocal microscopy revealed profoundly restricted mycelia in Fg-infected transgenic wheat plants. Presence of the three specific short interfering RNAs in transgenic wheat plants was confirmed by Northern blotting, and these RNAs efficiently down-regulated Chs3b in the colonizing Fusarium pathogens on wheat seedlings and spikes. Our results demonstrate that host-induced gene silencing of an essential fungal chitin synthase gene is an effective strategy for enhancing resistance in crop plants under field test conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiu-Shi Song
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - He-Ping Li
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Le-Hui Cao
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Sun
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Li Qiu
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Bin Xu
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Bo Zhang
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Qu
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Cai Liao
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Yun Y, Liu Z, Yin Y, Jiang J, Chen Y, Xu JR, Ma Z. Functional analysis of the Fusarium graminearum phosphatome. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 207:119-134. [PMID: 25758923 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatases are known to play important roles in the regulation of various cellular processes in eukaryotes. However, systematic characterization of the phosphatome has not been reported in phytopathogenic fungi. The wheat scab fungus Fusarium graminearum contains 82 putative phosphatases. The biological functions of each phosphatase were investigated in this study. Although 11 phosphatase genes appeared to be essential, deletion mutants of the other 71 phosphatase genes were obtained and characterized for changes in 15 phenotypes, including vegetative growth, nutrient response and virulence. Overall, the deletion of 63 phosphatase genes resulted in changes in at least one of the phenotypes assayed. Interestingly, the deletion of four genes (Fg06297, Fg03333, Fg03826 and Fg07932) did not dramatically affect hyphal growth, but led to strongly reduced virulence. Western blot analyses showed that three phosphatases (Fg10516, Fg03333 and Fg12867) functioned as negative regulators of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. In addition, we found, for the first time, that FgCdc14 is dispensable for growth, but plays an important role in ribosome biogenesis. Overall, in this first functional characterization of the fungal phosphatome, phosphatases important for various aspects of hyphal growth, development, plant infection and secondary metabolism were identified in the phytopathogenic fungus F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Yun
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zunyong Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanni Yin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinhua Jiang
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jin-Rong Xu
- Purdue-NWAFU Joint Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Gibney PA, Schieler A, Chen JC, Rabinowitz JD, Botstein D. Characterizing the in vivo role of trehalose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the AGT1 transporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:6116-21. [PMID: 25918382 PMCID: PMC4434743 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1506289112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trehalose is a highly stable, nonreducing disaccharide of glucose. A large body of research exists implicating trehalose in a variety of cellular phenomena, notably response to stresses of various kinds. However, in very few cases has the role of trehalose been examined directly in vivo. Here, we describe the development and characterization of a system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that allows us to manipulate intracellular trehalose concentrations independently of the biosynthetic enzymes and independently of any applied stress. We found that many physiological roles heretofore ascribed to intracellular trehalose, including heat resistance, are not due to the presence of trehalose per se. We also found that many of the metabolic and growth defects associated with mutations in the trehalose biosynthesis pathway are not abolished by providing abundant intracellular trehalose. Instead, we made the observation that intracellular accumulation of trehalose or maltose (another disaccharide of glucose) is growth-inhibitory in a carbon source-specific manner. We conclude that the physiological role of the trehalose pathway is fundamentally metabolic: i.e., more complex than simply the consequence of increased concentrations of the sugar and its attendant physical properties (with the exception of the companion paper where Tapia et al. [Tapia H, et al. (2015) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 10.1073/pnas.1506415112] demonstrate a direct role for trehalose in protecting cells against desiccation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Gibney
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Departments of Molecular Biology and
| | | | - Jonathan C Chen
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - David Botstein
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Departments of Molecular Biology and
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Jia W, Chu X, Ling Y, Huang J, Chang J. Multi-mycotoxin analysis in dairy products by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1345:107-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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