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Ban GH, Kim SH, Kang DH, Park SH. Comparison of the efficacy of physical and chemical strategies for the inactivation of biofilm cells of foodborne pathogens. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1679-1702. [PMID: 37780592 PMCID: PMC10533464 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a strategy in which microorganisms generate a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances to increase survival under harsh conditions. The efficacy of sanitization processes is lowered when biofilms form, in particular on industrial devices. While various traditional and emerging technologies have been explored for the eradication of biofilms, cell resistance under a range of environmental conditions renders evaluation of the efficacy of control challenging. This review aimed to: (1) classify biofilm control measures into chemical, physical, and combination methods, (2) discuss mechanisms underlying inactivation by each method, and (3) summarize the reduction of biofilm cells after each treatment. The review is expected to be useful for future experimental studies and help to guide the establishment of biofilm control strategies in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Hee Ban
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hwan Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kang
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Research Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungnam 32439 Republic of Korea
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2
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Diniz AF, Santos B, Nóbrega LMMO, Santos VRL, Mariz WS, Cruz PSC, Nóbrega RO, Silva RL, Paula AFR, Santos JRDA, Pessôa HLF, Oliveira-Filho AA. Antibacterial activity of Thymus vulgaris (thyme) essential oil against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from meat product. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e275306. [PMID: 37585936 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.275306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat products represent an important component of the human diet and are a good source of nutrients. Food-borne microorganisms are the main pathogens that cause human diseases as a result of food consumption, especially products of animal origin. The objective of the present research was to verify the antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris against strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from meat products. For this, the analyses of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were performed in microdilution plates. The association of the product with antimicrobials was also studied using disk diffusion. And the anti-adherent activity, which was determined in the presence of sucrose, in glass tubes. Thyme oil showed a strong inhibitory activity against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and S. saprophyticus, with the MIC values ranging from 64 to 512 μg/mL, and bactericidal effect for most strains, with MBC values ranging from 256 to 1,024 μg/mL. T. vulgaris oil exhibited varied interactions in association with the antimicrobials, with synergistic (41.67%), indifferent (50%) and antagonistic (8.33%) effects. Regarding the anti-adherent activity, the test product was effective in inhibiting the adherence of all bacterial strains under study. Therefore, thyme oil presents itself as an antibacterial and anti-adherent agent against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and S. saprophyticus, being a natural product that can represent an interesting alternative in the efforts to combat foodborne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Diniz
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Patos, PB, Brasil
| | - B Santos
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Patos, PB, Brasil
| | - L M M O Nóbrega
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Patos, PB, Brasil
| | - V R L Santos
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Patos, PB, Brasil
| | - W S Mariz
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Patos, PB, Brasil
| | - P S C Cruz
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Patos, PB, Brasil
| | - R O Nóbrega
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Programa de Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica de Medicamentos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - R L Silva
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Programa de Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica de Medicamentos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - A F R Paula
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Programa de Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica de Medicamentos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - J R D A Santos
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Programa de Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica de Medicamentos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - H L F Pessôa
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Programa de Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica de Medicamentos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - A A Oliveira-Filho
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Patos, PB, Brasil
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Bezerra K, Iukava LK, Ono JM, de Souza SGP, dos Santos IC, Barbosa LN. Resistance profile and biofilm production capacity of Staphylococcus spp. beef slaughterhouse isolates and their sensitivity to Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:911-919. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Molecular Epidemiology of Plasmid-Mediated Types 1 and 3 Fimbriae Associated with Biofilm Formation in Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli from Diseased Food Animals in Guangdong, China. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0250321. [PMID: 35969065 PMCID: PMC9603762 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02503-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Types 1 and 3 fimbriae in Enterobacteriaceae play versatile roles in bacterial physiology including attachment, invasion, cell motility as well as with biofilm formation and urinary tract infections. Herein, we investigated the prevalence and transmission of plasmid-mediated types 1 and 3 fimbriae from 1753 non-duplicate Enterobacteriaceae from diseased food Animals. We identified 123 (7.01%) strong biofilm producers and all was identified as E. coli. WGS analysis of 43 selected strong biofilm producers revealed that they harbored multiple ARGs, including ESBLs, PMQR and mcr-1. The gene clusters mrkABCDF and fimACDH encoding types 1 and 3 fimbriae, respectively, were identified among 43 (34.96%) and 7 (5.7%) of 123 strong biofilm isolates, respectively. These two operons were able to confer strong biofilm-forming ability to an E. coli weak-biofilm forming laboratory strain. Plasmid analysis revealed that mrk and fim operons were found to co-exist with ARGs and were primarily located on IncX1 and IncFII plasmids with similar backbones, respectively. mrkABCDF operons was present in all of 9457 Klebsiella pneumoniae using archived WGS data, and shared high homology to those on plasmids of 8 replicon types and chromosomes from 6 Enterobacteriaceae species from various origins and countries. In contrast, fimACDH operons was present in most of Enterobacter cloacae (62.15%), and shared high homology to those with only a small group of plasmids and Enterobacteriaceae species. This is the first comprehensive report of the prevalence, transmission and homology of plasmid-encoded type 1 and 3 fimbriae among the Enterobacteriaceae. Our findings indicated that plasmid-encoded mrkABCDF and fimACDH were major contributors to enhanced biofilm formation among E. coli and these two operons, in particular mrk could be as a potential anti-biofilm target. IMPORTANCE Biofilms allow bacteria to tolerate disinfectants and antimicrobials, as well as mammalian host defenses, and are therefore difficult to treat clinically. Most research concerning biofilm-related infections is typically focused on chromosomal biofilm-associated factors, including types 1 and 3 fimbriae of biofilm-forming Enterobacterium. However, the transmission and homology of the mobile types 1 and 3 fimbriae among Enterobacteriaceae is largely unknown. The findings revealed that the plasmid-encoded type 3 fimbriae encoded by mrkABCDF and type 1 fimbriae encoded by fimACDH were major contributors to enhancing biofilm formation among strong biofilm E. coli from diseased food producing animals. Additionally, mrk operon with high homology at an amino acid sequence was present both on plasmids of various replicon types and on chromosomes from diverse Enterobacteriaceae species from numerous origins and countries. These findings provide important information on the transmission of the mobile types 1 and 3 fimbriae among Enterobacteriaceae, indicating a potential antibiofilm target.
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Strantzali D, Kostoglou D, Perikleous A, Zestas M, Ornithopoulou S, Dubois-Brissonnet F, Giaouris E. Comparative assessment of the disinfection effectiveness of thymol and benzalkonium chloride against adapted and non-adapted to thymol biofilm cells of a Salmonella Typhimurium epidemic phage type DT193 strain. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yan J, Xie J. Removal of Shewanella putrefaciens Biofilm by acidic electrolyzed water on food contact surfaces. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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7
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Kostoglou D, Tsaklidou P, Iliadis I, Garoufallidou N, Skarmoutsou G, Koulouris I, Giaouris E. Advanced Killing Potential of Thymol against a Time and Temperature Optimized Attached Listeria monocytogenes Population in Lettuce Broth. Biomolecules 2021; 11:397. [PMID: 33800308 PMCID: PMC7998208 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fresh vegetables and salads are increasingly implicated in outbreaks of foodborne infections, such as those caused by Listeria monocytogenes, a dangerous pathogen that can attach to the surfaces of the equipment creating robust biofilms withstanding the killing action of disinfectants. In this study, the antimicrobial efficiency of a natural plant terpenoid (thymol) was evaluated against a sessile population of a multi-strain L. monocytogenes cocktail developed on stainless steel surfaces incubated in lettuce broth, under optimized time and temperature conditions (54 h at 30.6 °C) as those were determined following response surface modeling, and in comparison, to that of an industrial disinfectant (benzalkonium chloride). Prior to disinfection, the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of each compound were determined against the planktonic cells of each strain. The results revealed the advanced killing potential of thymol, with a concentration of 625 ppm (= 4 × MBC) leading to almost undetectable viable bacteria (more than 4 logs reduction following a 15-min exposure). For the same degree of killing, benzalkonium chloride needed to be used at a concentration of at least 20 times more than its MBC (70 ppm). Discriminative repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) also highlighted the strain variability in both biofilm formation and resistance. In sum, thymol was found to present an effective anti-listeria action under environmental conditions mimicking those encountered in the salad industry and deserves to be further explored to improve the safety of fresh produce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Efstathios Giaouris
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece; (D.K.); (P.T.); (I.I.); (N.G.); (G.S.); (I.K.)
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Song H, Lee SY. Resistance of pathogenic biofilms on glass fiber filters formed under different conditions. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1241-1250. [PMID: 32802563 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the survivals of two pathogens (Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus) in different adhered forms on glass fiber filters (GFFs) at 43 and 68% relative humidity (RH). Efficacies of chemical sanitizers at reducing pathogenic biofilms on GFFs were also evaluated. Inoculated GFFs were incubated at 28 °C in TSB (type I), on TSA (type II), or on TSA under 100% RH (type III) to produce biofilms. When GFFs were incubated at 43 or 68% RH for 7 days, type III biofilms were less than 2 log10 CFU/filter reduction whereas type I and type II biofilms were 4-6 log10 CFU/filter reduction. Additionally, type III biofilms were highly resistant to sanitizing treatment compared than other biofilms (type I and II). Therefore, the method to produce biofilms used in this study could be used to produce highly resistance pathogenic biofilms in the laboratory for related experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
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Sakarikou C, Kostoglou D, Simões M, Giaouris E. Exploitation of plant extracts and phytochemicals against resistant Salmonella spp. in biofilms. Food Res Int 2019; 128:108806. [PMID: 31955766 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the most frequent causes of foodborne outbreaks throughout the world. In the last years, the resistance of this and other pathogenic bacteria to antimicrobials has become a prime concern towards their successful control. In addition, the tolerance and virulence of pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella, are commonly related to their ability to form biofilms, which are sessile structures encountered on various surfaces and whose development is considered as a universal stress response mechanism. Indeed, the ability of Salmonella to form a biofilm seems to significantly contribute to its persistence in food production areas and clinical settings. Plant extracts and phytochemicals appear as promising sources of novel antimicrobials due to their cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, great structural diversity, and lower possibility of antimicrobial resistance development in comparison to synthetic chemicals. Research on these agents mainly attributes their antimicrobial activity to a diverse array of secondary metabolites. Bacterial cells are usually killed by the rupture of their cell envelope and in parallel the disruption of their energy metabolism when treated with such molecules, while their use at sub-inhibitory concentrations may also disrupt intracellular communication. The purpose of this article is to review the current available knowledge related to antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in biofilms, together with the antibiofilm properties of plant extracts and phytochemicals against these detrimental bacteria towards their future application to control these in food production and clinical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Sakarikou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Ierou Lochou 10 and Makrygianni, GR-81 400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece.
| | - Dimitra Kostoglou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Ierou Lochou 10 and Makrygianni, GR-81 400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto,Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Efstathios Giaouris
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Ierou Lochou 10 and Makrygianni, GR-81 400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
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Kachur K, Suntres Z. The antibacterial properties of phenolic isomers, carvacrol and thymol. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3042-3053. [PMID: 31617738 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1675585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most of the antibacterial activities of essential oils from the Lamiaceae herbaceous plant family thyme and oregano are attributed to their bioactive isomeric monoterpenoid constituents, carvacrol and thymol. Commercially available antibiotics of thymol or carvacrol have not yet been developed but health products have incorporated thymol into their formulations for their antimicrobial properties. Carvacrol and thymol are generally considered safe for consumption and they have been used in dental applications, approved as food flavorings and have been considered as antibacterial additives in food and feed. Many studies have demonstrated that carvacrol and thymol are potent antibacterial agents against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The most frequently reported mechanism of antibacterial action of both isomers involves the disruption of bacterial membrane leading to bacterial lysis and leakage of intracellular contents resulting in death. Other proposed mechanisms of antibacterial action include the inhibition of efflux pumps, prevention in the formation and disruption of preformed biofilms, inhibition of bacterial motility, and inhibition of membrane ATPases. In addition, both isomers have been found to act additively or synergistically with conventional antibiotics important in overcoming the problem of bacteria resistance in food and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Kachur
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zacharias Suntres
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.,Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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Iñiguez-Moreno M, Gutiérrez-Lomelí M, Avila-Novoa MG. Kinetics of biofilm formation by pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms under conditions that mimic the poultry, meat, and egg processing industries. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 303:32-41. [PMID: 31129476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens and spoilage microorganisms can develop multispecies biofilms on food contact surfaces; however, few studies have been focused on evaluated mixed biofilms of these microorganisms. Therefore this study investigated the biofilm development by pathogenic (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica Enteritidis and Typhimurium serotypes) and spoilage (Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) microorganisms onto stainless-steel (SS) and polypropylene B (PP) coupons; under conditions that mimic the dairy, meat, and egg processing industry. Biofilms were developed in TSB with 10% chicken egg yolk (TSB + EY), TSB with 10% meat extract (TSB + ME) and whole milk (WM) onto SS and PP. Each tube was inoculated with 25 μL of each bacteria and then incubated at 9 or 25 °C, with enumeration at 1, 48, 120, 180 and 240 h. Biofilms were visualized by epifluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Biofilm development occurred at different phases, depending on the incubation conditions. In the reversible adhesion, the cell density of each bacteria was between 1.43 and 6.08 Log10 CFU/cm2 (p < 0.05). Moreover, significant reductions in bacteria appeared at 9 °C between 1 and 48 h of incubation. Additionally, the constant multiplication of bacteria in the biofilm occurred at 25 °C between 48 and 180 h of incubation, with increments of 2.08 Log10 CFU/cm2 to S. Typhimurium. Population establishment was observed between 48 and 180 h and 180-240 h incubation, depending on the environmental conditions (25 and 9 °C, respectively). For example, in TSB + ME at 25 °C, S. Typhimurium, P aeruginosa, and L. monocytogenes showed no statistical differences in the amounts between 48 and 180 h incubation. The dispersion phase was identified for L. monocytogenes and B. cereus at 25 °C. Epifluorescence microscopy and SEM allowed visualizing the bacteria and extracellular polymeric substances at the different biofilm stages. In conclusion, pathogens and spoilage microorganisms developed monospecies with higher cellular densities than multiespecies biofilms. In multispecies biofilms, the time to reach each biofilm phase varied is depending on environmental factors. Cell count decrements of 1.12-2.44 Log10 CFU/cm2 occurred at 48 and 240 h and were most notable in the biofilms developed at 9 °C. Additionally, cell density reached by each microorganism was different, P. aeruginosa and Salmonella were the dominant microorganisms in the biofilms while B. cereus showed the lower densities until undetectable levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricarmen Iñiguez-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Melesio Gutiérrez-Lomelí
- Laboratorio de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Avila-Novoa
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Zhang H, Lou Z, Chen X, Cui Y, Wang H, Kou X, Ma C. Effect of simultaneous ultrasonic and microwave assisted hydrodistillation on the yield, composition, antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of essential oils from Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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The Usefulness of Non-Toxic Plant Metabolites in the Control of Bacterial Proliferation. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 9:323-333. [PMID: 28357646 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of generally recognised as safe (GRAS) plant metabolites in regulating the growth of human pathogenic and probiotic bacteria and in the formation of biofilm was investigated. Thymol, carvacrol and eugenol showed the strongest antibacterial action against both pathogenic and probiotic microorganisms, at a subinhibitory concentration (SIC) of ≤50 μg ml-1. Genistein, hydroquinone, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and resveratrol also showed antibacterial effects but at a wide concentration range (SIC = 50-1000 μg ml-1). Catechin, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid and cranberry extracts were the most biologically compatible molecules (SIC ≥ 1000 μg ml-1). Regarding the effect on biofilm, it was observed that thymol, carvacrol and eugenol showed antibiofilm activity against all potential pathogenic bacteria tested whilst specifically enhancing probiotic aggregation. Catechin, genistein and cranberry extracts did not inhibit the pathogenic aggregation but they stimulated probiotic biofilm formation, whilst gallic acid, protocateuchic acid, hydroquinone, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and resveratrol did not show opposite effect on biofilm formation between pathogenic and probiotic microorganisms. These results indicate that an appropriate combination of GRAS plant metabolites, which have traditionally been used as dietary constituents due to their health-promoting characteristics, can also be extremely useful in the regulation of bacterial proliferation in the intestinal microbiota. Hence, it is suggested to apply these natural GRAS molecules as dietary supplements in the food industry in order to promote probiotic viability and to prevent or reduce colonisation or proliferation of intestinal pathogens.
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Fink R, Kulaš S, Oder M. Efficacy of sodium dodecyl sulphate and natural extracts against E. coli biofilm. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2018; 28:306-314. [PMID: 29719973 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2018.1470230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine and compare the efficacy of a standard cleaning agent, sodium dodecyl sulphate, and natural extracts from pomegranate peel grape skin and bay laurel leaf against E. coli biofilm. The biofilm was exposed for 10 minutes to three different concentrations of each tested compound. The results show that bay laurel leaf extract is the most efficient with 43% biofilm biomass reduction, followed by pomegranate peel extract (35%); sodium dodecyl sulphate and grape skin extract each have 30% efficacy. Our study demonstrated that natural extracts from selected plants have the same or even better efficacy against E. coli biofilm removal from surfaces than the tested classical cleaning agent do. All this indicates that natural plant extracts, which are acceptable from the health and environment points of view, can be potential substitutes for classical cleaning agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Fink
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Stefan Kulaš
- b Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Sarajevo , Sarajevo , Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Martina Oder
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia
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15
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Gomes LC, Deschamps J, Briandet R, Mergulhão FJ. Impact of modified diamond-like carbon coatings on the spatial organization and disinfection of mixed-biofilms composed of Escherichia coli and Pantoea agglomerans industrial isolates. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 277:74-82. [PMID: 29689455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This work investigated the effects of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings on the architecture and biocide reactivity of dual-species biofilms mimicking food processing contaminants. Biofilms were grown using industrial isolates of Escherichia coli and Pantoea agglomerans on bare stainless steel (SST) and on two DLC surface coatings (a-C:H:Si:O designated by SICON® and a-C:H:Si designated by SICAN) in order to evaluate their antifouling activities. Quantification and spatial organization in single- and dual-species biofilms were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) using a strain specific labelling procedure. Those assays revealed that the E. coli isolate exhibited a higher adhesion to the modified surfaces and a decreased susceptibility to disinfectant in presence of P. agglomerans than alone in axenic culture. While SICON® reduced the short-term growth of E. coli in axenic conditions, both DLC surfaces increased the E. coli colonization in presence of P. agglomerans. However, both modified surfaces triggered a significantly higher log reduction of E. coli cells within mixed-species biofilms, thus the use of SICON® and SICAN surfaces may be a good approach to facilitate the disinfection process in critical areas of food processing plants. This study presents a new illustration of the importance of interspecies interactions in surface-associated community functions, and of the need to evaluate the effectiveness of hygienic strategies with relevant multi-species consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Gomes
- LEPABE - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Deschamps
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - R Briandet
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - F J Mergulhão
- LEPABE - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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16
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Wang YM, Kong LC, Liu J, Ma HX. Synergistic effect of eugenol with Colistin against clinical isolated Colistin-resistant Escherichia coli strains. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018; 7:17. [PMID: 29423192 PMCID: PMC5789579 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial infections have become more challenging to treat due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Combined antibiotics prove to be a relatively effective method to control such resistant strains. This study aim to investigate synergistic activity of eugenol combined with colistin against a collection of clinical isolated Escherichia coli (E.coli) strains, and to evaluate potential interaction. Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of the bacteria were determined by disk diffusion assay, broth microdilution method and checkerboard assay, respectively. The mcr-1 mRNA expression was measured by Real-time PCR. To predict possible interactions between eugenol and MCR-1, molecular docking assay was taken. Results For total fourteen strains including eight colistin-resistant strains, eugenol was determined with MIC values of 4 to 8 μg/mL. Checkerboard dilution test suggested that eugenol exhibited synergistic activity when combined with colistin (FICI ranging from 0.375 to 0.625). Comparison analysis of Real-time PCR showed that synergy could significantly down-regulate expression of mcr-1 gene. A metal ion coordination bond with catalytic zinc atom and a hydrogen bond with crucial amino acid residue Ser284 of MCR-1 were observed after molecular docking, indicating antibacterial activity and direct molecular interactions of eugenol with MCR-1 protein. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that eugenol exhibited synergistic effect with colistin and enhanced its antimicrobial activity. This might further contribute to the antibacterial actions against colistin-resistant E.coli strains. Graphical abstract Synergistic effect of eugenol with colistin against colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No.2888, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Ling-Cong Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No.2888, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No.2888, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Hong-Xia Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Xincheng Street No.2888, Changchun, 130118 China
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17
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Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of thymol verified in murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) after antimicrobial analysis in Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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18
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Effect of different anti-browning agents on quality of minimally processed early potatoes packaged on a compostable film. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Deng Q, Pu Y, Sun L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang R, Liao J, Xu D, Liu Y, Ye R, Fang Z, Gooneratne R. Antimicrobial peptide AMPNT-6 from Bacillus subtilis inhibits biofilm formation by Shewanella putrefaciens and disrupts its preformed biofilms on both abiotic and shrimp shell surfaces. Food Res Int 2017; 102:8-13. [PMID: 29196015 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens biofilm formation is of great concern for the shrimp industry because it adheres easily to food and food-contact surfaces and is a source of persistent and unseen contamination that causes shrimp spoilage and economic losses to the shrimp industry. Different concentrations of an antimicrobial lipopeptide, the fermentation product of Bacillus subtilis, AMPNT-6, were tested for the ability to reduce adhesion and disrupt S. putrefaciens preformed biofilms on two different contact surfaces (shrimp shell, stainless steel sheet). AMPNT-6 displayed a marked dose- and time-dependent anti-adhesive effect>biofilm removal. 3MIC AMPNT-6 was able both to remove biofilm and prevent bacteria from forming biofilm in a 96-well polystyrene microplate used as the model surface. 2MIC AMPNT-6 prevented bacteria from adhering to the microplate surface to form biofilm for 3h and removed already existing biofilm within 24h. Secretion of extracellular polymeric substances incubated in LB broth for 24h by S. putrefaciens was minimal at 3× MIC AMPNT-6. Scanning electron microscopy showed that damage to S. putrefaciens bacteria by AMPNT-6 possibly contributed to the non-adherence to the surfaces. Disruption of the mature biofilm structure by AMPNT-6 contributed to biofilm removal. It is concluded that AMPNT-6 can be used effectively to prevent attachment and also detach S. putrefaciens biofilms from shrimp shells, stainless steel sheets and polystyrene surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, No. 1 Haida Road, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuehua Pu
- Bureau of Quality and technology Supervise of Zhanjiang City, Zhanjiang 524022, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, No. 1 Haida Road, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yaling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, No. 1 Haida Road, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- National Marine Products Quality Supervision & Inspection Center, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Rundong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, No. 1 Haida Road, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianmeng Liao
- Zhanjiang Food and Drug Administration, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Defeng Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, No. 1 Haida Road, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, No. 1 Haida Road, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Riying Ye
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, No. 1 Haida Road, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhijia Fang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, No. 1 Haida Road, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand
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Marqués-Calvo MS, Codony F, Agustí G, Lahera C. Visible light enhances the antimicrobial effect of some essential oils. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 17:180-184. [PMID: 27965057 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The photodisinfection is a topical, broad spectrum antimicrobial technology, targeting bacteria, virus, fungi, and protozoa effective for single cells as for biofilms. Natural molecules have been studied less than synthetic agents in the process but they are currently receiving great interest. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate for the first time if non-coherent blue and red light enhances the antimicrobial activity of some essential oils when standard strains for antibiotic or fungicide tests are enlightened in vitro. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans collection strains were irradiated with monochromatic visible light from light emitting diodes in the presence of 5% and 0.5% eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), clove (Eugenia caryophyllata), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oils. Microbial levels were measured by plate count on culture media. In this preliminary report, the results differ according to the kind and concentration of antimicrobial oils, the wavelength of light, and the prokaryotic or eukaryotic microorganism. The results support the idea that mainly blue light enhances the innate antimicrobial activity of the essential oils, especially phenols, and could offer a very efficient and natural way to combat microorganisms in several industries and medical applications (cutaneous and oral infections, medical textiles, foodstuffs and fruit surface, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Soledad Marqués-Calvo
- Departament d'Òptica i Optometria, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona Tech, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, 08222-Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francesc Codony
- GenIUL, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, 08222-Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Agustí
- GenIUL, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, 08222-Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Lahera
- Departament d'Òptica i Optometria, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona Tech, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, 08222-Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Lou Z, Li C, Kou X, Yu F, Wang H, Smith GM, Zhu S. Antibacterial, Antibiofilm Effect of Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) Leaf Fraction and Its Efficiency in Meat Preservation. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1404-9. [PMID: 27497128 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
First, the antibacterial, antibiofilm effect and chemical composition of burdock (Arctium lappa L.) leaf fractions were studied. Then, the efficiency of burdock leaf fractions in pork preservation was evaluated. The results showed that burdock leaf fraction significantly inhibited the growth and biofilm development of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium. MICs of burdock leaf fractions on E. coli and Salmonella Typhimurium were both 2 mg/ml. At a concentration of 2.0 mg/ml, the inhibition rates of the fraction on growth and development of E. coli and Salmonella Typhimurium biofilms were 78.7 and 69.9%, respectively. During storage, the log CFU per gram of meat samples treated with burdock leaf fractions decreased 2.15, compared with the samples without treatment. The shelf life of pork treated with burdock leaf fractions was extended 6 days compared with the pork without treatment, and the sensory property was obviously improved. Compared with the control group, burdock leaf fraction treatment significantly decreased the total volatile basic nitrogen value and pH of the meat samples. Chemical composition analysis showed that the burdock leaf fraction consisted of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin, cynarin, crocin, luteolin, arctiin, and quercetin. As a vegetable with an abundant source, burdock leaf is safe, affordable, and efficient in meat preservation, indicating that burdock leaf fraction is a promising natural preservative for pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingran Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China. National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China. National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Gary M Smith
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| | - Song Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
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22
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Akbas MY, Cag S. Use of organic acids for prevention and removal of Bacillus subtilis biofilms on food contact surfaces. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016; 22:587-597. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013216633545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The efficacies of organic acid (citric, malic, and gallic acids) treatments at 1% and 2% concentrations on prevention and removal of Bacillus subtilis biofilms were investigated in this study. The analyses were conducted on microtitration plates and stainless steel coupons. The biofilm removal activities of these organic acids were compared with chlorine on both surfaces. The results showed that citric acid treatments were as powerful as chlorine treatments for prevention and removal of biofilms. The antibiofilm effects of malic acid treatments were higher than gallic acid and less than citric acid treatment. When the antibiofilm effects of these acids and chlorine on the two surfaces were compared, the prevention and removal of biofilms were measured higher on microtitration plates than those on stainless steel coupons. Higher reductions were obtained by increasing concentrations of sanitizers on 24-hour biofilm with 20-minute sanitizer treatments for removal of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Yesilcimen Akbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Seyda Cag
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
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23
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Coronel-León J, López A, Espuny M, Beltran M, Molinos-Gómez A, Rocabayera X, Manresa A. Assessment of antimicrobial activity of Nα -lauroyl arginate ethylester (LAE®) against Yersinia enterocolitica and Lactobacillus plantarum by flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Metabolomics-Based Screening of Biofilm-Inhibitory Compounds against Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Burdock Leaf. Molecules 2015; 20:16266-77. [PMID: 26370951 PMCID: PMC6331861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening of anti-biofilm compounds from the burdock leaf based on metabolomics is reported here. The crystal violet assay indicated 34% ethanol elution fraction of burdock leaf could completely inhibit biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 1 mg·mL−1. Then, the chemical composition of burdock leaf fraction was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and 11 active compounds (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, ursolic acid, rutin, cynarin, luteolin, crocin, benzoic acid, and Tenacissoside I) were identified. Lastly, UPLC-MS analysis was employed to obtain the metabolic fingerprints of burdock leaf fractions before and after inhibiting the biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The metabolic fingerprints were transformed to data, analyzed with PLS-DA (partial least squares discriminant analysis) and the peaks whose area was significantly changed were found out. Thus, 81 compounds were screened as potential anti-biofilm ingredients. Among them, rutin, ursolic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and quercetin were identified and confirmed as the main anti-biofilm compounds in burdock leaf. The study provided basic anti-biofilm profile data for the compounds in burdock leaf, as well as provided a convenient method for fast screening of anti-biofilm compounds from natural plants.
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Individual Constituents from Essential Oils Inhibit Biofilm Mass Production by Multi-Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules 2015; 20:11357-72. [PMID: 26102069 PMCID: PMC6272397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200611357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus represents a problem in both the medical field and the food industry, because the biofilm structure provides protection to embedded cells and it strongly attaches to surfaces. This circumstance is leading to many research programs seeking new alternatives to control biofilm formation by this pathogen. In this study we show that a potent inhibition of biofilm mass production can be achieved in community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive strains using plant compounds, such as individual constituents (ICs) of essential oils (carvacrol, citral, and (+)-limonene). The Crystal Violet staining technique was used to evaluate biofilm mass formation during 40 h of incubation. Carvacrol is the most effective IC, abrogating biofilm formation in all strains tested, while CA-MRSA was the most sensitive phenotype to any of the ICs tested. Inhibition of planktonic cells by ICs during initial growth stages could partially explain the inhibition of biofilm formation. Overall, our results show the potential of EOs to prevent biofilm formation, especially in strains that exhibit resistance to other antimicrobials. As these compounds are food additives generally recognized as safe, their anti-biofilm properties may lead to important new applications, such as sanitizers, in the food industry or in clinical settings.
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Abstract
CONTEXT Satureja (Lamiaceae) species are used as flavoring compounds in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries because of its sweetness and simple cultivation characteristics. They have traditionally been used as muscle pain relievers, tonic, and carminative agents to treat stomach and intestinal disorders such as cramps, nausea, indigestion, and diarrhea, due to their considerable phytochemical characteristics. OBJECTIVE This review evaluates some information published since 1989 on Satureja genus from a systematic perspective in terms of its pharmacological and phytochemical characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched up to March 2014. "Satureja" was used as a research term without narrowing or limiting research elements. After obtaining all reports from database (a total number is about 637), the papers were carefully analyzed in order to find data related to the topic of this review. RESULTS In this review, 453 reports were used which were published between 1989 and 2014. The study was compiled into two sections (Pharmacology and Phytochemistry). In the pharmacology section, more than 50 different activities were studied. In the second section, in addition to other compounds and inorganic substances, volatiles, phenolic acids, and flavonoids were discussed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION According to our contemporary information, Satureja species have been evaluated for their wide range of biological activities. However, a small part of these studies have been carried out on the active principles. Therefore, in the future, more studies should be carried out to identify responsible phytochemicals for the various activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bektas Tepe
- a Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature , Kilis 7 Aralik University , Kilis , Turkey and
| | - Mustafa Cilkiz
- b Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Literature , Gaziantep University , Gaziantep , Turkey
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27
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Vázquez-Sánchez D, Cabo ML, Rodríguez-Herrera JJ. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2014; 21:559-70. [PMID: 25280938 DOI: 10.1177/1082013214553996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the potential of essential oils to remove the foodborne pathogen Staphylococcus aureus from food-processing facilities. The effectiveness of 19 essential oils against planktonic cells of S. aureus was firstly assessed by minimal inhibitory concentration. Planktonic cells showed a wide variability in resistance to essential oils, with thyme oil as the most effective, followed by lemongrass oil and then vetiver oil. The eight essential oils most effective against planktonic cells were subsequently tested against 48-h-old biofilms formed on stainless steel. All essential oils reduced significantly (p < 0.01) the number of viable biofilm cells, but none of them could remove biofilms completely. Thyme and patchouli oils were the most effective, but high concentrations were needed to achieve logarithmic reductions over 4 log CFU/cm(2) after 30 min exposure. Alternatively, the use of sub-lethal doses of thyme oil allowed to slow down biofilm formation and to enhance the efficiency of thyme oil and benzalkonium chloride against biofilms. However, some cellular adaptation to thyme oil was detected. Therefore, essential oil-based treatments should be based on the rotation and combination of different essential oils or with other biocides to prevent the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vázquez-Sánchez
- Seafood Microbiology and Technology Section, Marine Research Institute (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta L Cabo
- Seafood Microbiology and Technology Section, Marine Research Institute (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Juan J Rodríguez-Herrera
- Seafood Microbiology and Technology Section, Marine Research Institute (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
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28
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Jahid IK, Ha SD. The Paradox of Mixed-Species Biofilms in the Context of Food Safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Kabir Jahid
- School of Food Science and Technology; Chung-Ang Univ; 72-1 Nae-Ri, Daedeok-Myun Anseong-Si Gyeonggi-do 456-756 South Korea
- Dept. of Microbiology; Jessore Univ. of Science and Technology; Jessore-7408 Bangladesh
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- School of Food Science and Technology; Chung-Ang Univ; 72-1 Nae-Ri, Daedeok-Myun Anseong-Si Gyeonggi-do 456-756 South Korea
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29
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Effect of ethanol fraction of burdock leaf on biofilm formation and bacteria growth. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Modelling Bacillus cereus adhesion on stainless steel surface as affected by temperature, pH and time. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Giaouris E, Chorianopoulos N, Doulgeraki A, Nychas GJ. Co-culture with Listeria monocytogenes within a dual-species biofilm community strongly increases resistance of Pseudomonas putida to benzalkonium chloride. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77276. [PMID: 24130873 PMCID: PMC3795059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a phenomenon occurring almost wherever microorganisms and surfaces exist in close proximity. This study aimed to evaluate the possible influence of bacterial interactions on the ability of Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas putida to develop a dual-species biofilm community on stainless steel (SS), as well as on the subsequent resistance of their sessile cells to benzalkonium chloride (BC) used in inadequate (sub-lethal) concentration (50 ppm). The possible progressive adaptability of mixed-culture biofilms to BC was also investigated. To accomplish these, 3 strains per species were left to develop mixed-culture biofilms on SS coupons, incubated in daily renewable growth medium for a total period of 10 days, under either mono- or dual-species conditions. Each day, biofilm cells were exposed to disinfection treatment. Results revealed that the simultaneous presence of L. monocytogenes strongly increased the resistance of P. putida biofilm cells to BC, while culture conditions (mono-/dual-species) did not seem to significantly influence the resistance of L. monocytogenes biofilm cells. BC mainly killed L. monocytogenes cells when this was applied against the dual-species sessile community during the whole incubation period, despite the fact that from the 2nd day this community was mainly composed (>90%) of P. putida cells. No obvious adaptation to BC was observed in either L. monocytogenes or P. putida biofilm cells. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis showed that the different strains behaved differently with regard to biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance. Such knowledge on the physiological behavior of mixed-culture biofilms could provide the information necessary to control their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Giaouris
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos island, Greece
| | - Nikos Chorianopoulos
- Veterinary Research Institute of Athens, Greek Agricultural Organization “Demeter”, Aghia Paraskeui, Greece
| | - Agapi Doulgeraki
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos island, Greece
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Athens, Greece
| | - George-John Nychas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Athens, Greece
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Lou Z, Song X, Hong Y, Wang H, Lin Y. Separation and enrichment of burdock leaf components and their inhibition activity on biofilm formation of E. coli. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Giaouris E, Heir E, Hébraud M, Chorianopoulos N, Langsrud S, Møretrø T, Habimana O, Desvaux M, Renier S, Nychas GJ. Attachment and biofilm formation by foodborne bacteria in meat processing environments: causes, implications, role of bacterial interactions and control by alternative novel methods. Meat Sci 2013; 97:298-309. [PMID: 23747091 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Attachment of potential spoilage and pathogenic bacteria to food contact surfaces and the subsequent biofilm formation represent serious challenges to the meat industry, since these may lead to cross-contamination of the products, resulting in lowered-shelf life and transmission of diseases. In meat processing environments, microorganisms are sometimes associated to surfaces in complex multispecies communities, while bacterial interactions have been shown to play a key role in cell attachment and detachment from biofilms, as well as in the resistance of biofilm community members against antimicrobial treatments. Disinfection of food contact surfaces in such environments is a challenging task, aggravated by the great antimicrobial resistance of biofilm associated bacteria. In recent years, several alternative novel methods, such as essential oils and bacteriophages, have been successfully tested as an alternative means for the disinfection of microbial-contaminated food contact surfaces. In this review, all these aspects of biofilm formation in meat processing environments are discussed from a microbial meat-quality and safety perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Giaouris
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos 81400, Greece.
| | - Even Heir
- Nofima Mat AS, Osloveien 1, N-1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Michel Hébraud
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, site de Theix, UR454 Microbiologie, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Nikos Chorianopoulos
- Veterinary Research Institute of Athens, Greek Agricultural Organization "Demeter", Aghia Paraskeui15310, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Mickaël Desvaux
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, site de Theix, UR454 Microbiologie, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Sandra Renier
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, site de Theix, UR454 Microbiologie, F-63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - George-John Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
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Millezi AF, Cardoso MDG, Alves E, Piccoli RH. Reduction of Aeromonas hidrophyla biofilm on stainless stell surface by essential oils. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 44:73-80. [PMID: 24159286 PMCID: PMC3804180 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013005000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates the possibility of using sanitizing detergents based on natural products for the elimination and/or reduction of Aeromonas hydrophila biofilm formed on stainless steel surfaces. The goal of this work was to determine the reduction effect of sanitizing detergents containing essential oils of Thymus vulgaris (thyme) and Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) on biofilm formed by A. hydrophila on AISI 304 stainless steel coupons, using UHT skimmed milk as substratum. There was adhesion and biofilm formation by A. hydrophila at 28 °C, presenting 7.60 log cfu.cm−2 after the fourth day of cultivation. There was no significant difference between the lemongrass treatment and that of the thyme oil (p < 0.05). However, both treatments significantly reduced the biofilm, differing significantly from the NaOH control (p > 0.05). The treatment with lemongrass solution reduced the biofilm by 4.51 log cfu cm−2 at 25 °C. The thyme detergent also reduced the number of cfu cm−2 by 3.84 log cycles at 25 °C. The use of the lemongrass and thyme solutions efficiently reduced the A. hydrophila biofilm.
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Saulou C, Jamme F, Girbal L, Maranges C, Fourquaux I, Cocaign-Bousquet M, Dumas P, Mercier-Bonin M. Synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy of Escherichia coli at single-cell scale under silver-induced stress conditions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:2685-97. [PMID: 23354575 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present work was focused on elucidating biochemical changes in the model bacterium Escherichia coli exposed to ionic silver mediated stress, at a single-cell scale. In order to achieve this, in situ synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared (sFTIR) microspectroscopy was performed, for the first time, on individual cells by attenuated total reflectance (ATR) combined with the use of zinc-selenide hemisphere for high spatial resolution. In a first part, the potential of the method was evaluated on bacteria subjected to a lethal 100 μM AgNO(3) concentration for 2 h compared to untreated 100 % viable cells. Differences in cell composition were assessed for the C-H stretching and protein spectral regions, indicating that the inhibitory action was targeted against both fatty acids and proteins. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed morphological damages of the cell ultrastructure. The relevance of ATR-sFTIR microspectroscopy for highlighting the heterogeneity in Ag(+)-mediated effects within a given bacterial population was also pointed out. In a second part, cells were exposed to sub-lethal Ag(+) concentrations (<10 μM AgNO(3)) tested under "dynamic" growth mode: early addition vs. pulse in the mid-exponential phase, and compared to simultaneously batch-grown untreated bacteria or cells sampled just before the pulse, respectively. sFTIR microspectroscopy and TEM imaging were performed in close relation with growth kinetics characterization. No significant effect of the Ag(+) pulses was detected, in accordance with macrokinetics data. For early-treated cells, effects on fatty acid composition were shown, although no major alteration of protein secondary structure was noticed. These partial effects were consistent with TEM observations and growth kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Saulou
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INPT, LISBP, Toulouse, France.
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LOU Z, LIU Y, HONG Y, SONG X, WANG H, AI L. Anti-biofilm Activities and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Burdock Leaf. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.19.915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Saá Ibusquiza P, Herrera JJ, Vázquez-Sánchez D, Cabo ML. Adherence kinetics, resistance to benzalkonium chloride and microscopic analysis of mixed biofilms formed by Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas putida. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Boulbene B, Morchain J, Bonin MM, Janel S, Lafont F, Schmitz P. A combined computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and experimental approach to quantify the adhesion force of bacterial cells attached to a plane surface. AIChE J 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ibnsouda K S, El abed S, Houari A, Latrache H, Remmal A. In vitro Activity of Four Common Essential Oil Components against Biofilm-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/jm.2011.394.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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40
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Badel S, Bernardi T, Michaud P. New perspectives for Lactobacilli exopolysaccharides. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:54-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Van Houdt R, Michiels CW. Biofilm formation and the food industry, a focus on the bacterial outer surface. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:1117-31. [PMID: 20522145 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04756.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The ability of many bacteria to adhere to surfaces and to form biofilms has major implications in a variety of industries including the food industry, where biofilms create a persistent source of contamination. The formation of a biofilm is determined not only by the nature of the attachment surface, but also by the characteristics of the bacterial cell and by environmental factors. This review focuses on the features of the bacterial cell surface such as flagella, surface appendages and polysaccharides that play a role in this process, in particular for bacteria linked to food-processing environments. In addition, some aspects of the attachment surface, biofilm control and eradication will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Van Houdt
- Unit of Microbiology, Expert Group Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
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42
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Oliveira MMMD, Brugnera DF, Cardoso MDG, Alves E, Piccoli RH. Disinfectant action of Cymbopogon sp. essential oils in different phases of biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes on stainless steel surface. Food Control 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Simões M, Bennett RN, Rosa EAS. Understanding antimicrobial activities of phytochemicals against multidrug resistant bacteria and biofilms. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 26:746-57. [PMID: 19471683 DOI: 10.1039/b821648g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Simões
- LEPAE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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44
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Sandasi M, Leonard C, Viljoen A. The effect of five common essential oil components on Listeria monocytogenes biofilms. Food Control 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2007.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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45
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Chorianopoulos NG, Giaouris ED, Skandamis PN, Haroutounian SA, Nychas GJE. Disinfectant test against monoculture and mixed-culture biofilms composed of technological, spoilage and pathogenic bacteria: bactericidal effect of essential oil and hydrosol of Satureja thymbra and comparison with standard acid-base sanitizers. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 104:1586-96. [PMID: 18217930 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the antimicrobial action of three natural-derived products (essential oil, decoction and hydrosol of Satureja thymbra) against biofilms, composed of useful, spoilage and pathogenic bacteria (formed as monoculture or/and mixed-culture), and to compare their efficiency with three standard acid and alkaline chemical disinfectants. METHODS AND RESULTS Two acids (hydrochloric and lactic, pH 3), one alkali (sodium hydroxide, pH 11), the essential oil of S. thymbra (1% v/v) and the two by-products of the essential oil purification procedure (the decoction and the hydrosol fraction of essential oil, 100%), were tested against biofilms formed by five bacterial species, either as monospecies, or as mixed-culture of all species. The tested bacterial species were Staphylococcus simulans and Lactobacillus fermentum (useful technological bacteria), Pseudomonas putida (spoilage bacterium), Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes (pathogenic bacteria). Biofilms were left to be formed on stainless steel coupons for 5 days at 16 degrees C, before the application of disinfection treatments, for 60 and 180 min. The disinfection efficiency was evaluated by detaching the remaining viable biofilm cells and enumerating them by agar plating, as well as by automated conductance measurements (using Rapid Automated Bacterial Impedance Technique). Both these methods revealed that the essential oil and the hydrosol of S. thymbra exhibited a strong antimicrobial action against both monospecies and mixed-culture biofilms. Surprisingly, the efficiency of the other three acid-base disinfectants was not adequate, although a long antimicrobial treatment was applied (180 min). CONCLUSIONS The essential oil of S. thymbra (1%), as well as its hydrosol fraction (100%), presents sufficient bactericidal effect on bacterial biofilms formed on stainless steel. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Use of natural antimicrobial agents could provide alternative or supplemented ways for the disinfection of microbial-contaminated industrial surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Chorianopoulos
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Trachoo N. Attachment of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on food soiled plastic surfaces. Pak J Biol Sci 2007; 10:1918-1921. [PMID: 19086561 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.1918.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of three different pathogens, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to attach food soiled (salad dressing, cooking oil, milk and yogurt) polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic. The pre-soiled PVC coupons were incubated with 10(8) CFU/cm2 of each bacterium in 50% tryptic soy broth for 6 h to allow attachment. It was found that the effect of food products was not significant while the effect of bacterial strain was highly significant (p = 0.0005). Mean attachment ofP. aeruginosa (5.5 log CFU/cm2) to pre-soiled coupons was the highest (p < 0.05), compared to L. monocytogenes (5.0 log CFU/cm2) and E. coli O157:H7 (4.5 log CFU/cm2). This study indicates the capability of each bacterial pathogen, E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes or P. aeruginosa, to equally attach to different pre-soiled PVC surfaces. P. aeruginosa showed the greatest potential to attach to PVC when compared to E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Trachoo
- Foodborne Pathogens and Biofilm Laboratory, Non-aerobic Microniche Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000 Thailand
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