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Venâncio I, Luís Â, Domingues F, Oleastro M, Pereira L, Ferreira S. The Prevalence of Arcobacteraceae in Aquatic Environments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pathogens 2022; 11:244. [PMID: 35215187 PMCID: PMC8880612 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the family Arcobacteraceae are distributed widely in aquatic environments, and some of its species have been associated with human and animal illness. However, information about the diversity and distribution of Arcobacteraceae in different water bodies is still limited. In order to better characterize the health risk posed by members in the family Arcobacteraceae, a systematic review and meta-analysis-based method was used to investigate the prevalence of Arcobacteraceae species in aquatic environments based on available data published worldwide. The database search was performed using related keywords and considering studies up to February 2021. The pooled prevalence in aquatic environments was 69.2%, ranging from 0.6 to 99.9%. These bacteria have a wide geographical distribution, being found in diverse aquatic environments with the highest prevalence found in raw sewage and wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), followed by seawater, surface water, ground water, processing water from food processing plants and water for human consumption. Assessing the effectiveness of treatments in WWTP in eliminating this contamination, it was found that the wastewater treatment may not be efficient in the removal of Arcobacteraceae. Among the analyzed Arcobacteraceae species, Al. butzleri was the most frequently found species. These results highlight the high prevalence and distribution of Arcobacteraceae in different aquatic environments, suggesting a risk to human health. Further, it exposes the importance of identifying and managing the sources of contamination and taking preventive actions to reduce the burden of members of the Arcobacteraceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Venâncio
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (I.V.); (Â.L.); (F.D.)
| | - Ângelo Luís
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (I.V.); (Â.L.); (F.D.)
- Grupo de Revisões Sistemáticas (GRUBI), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Fernanda Domingues
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (I.V.); (Â.L.); (F.D.)
| | - Mónica Oleastro
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Luísa Pereira
- Grupo de Revisões Sistemáticas (GRUBI), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;
- CMA-UBI-Centro de Matemática e Aplicações, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- C4-UBI, Cloud Computing Competence Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Susana Ferreira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (I.V.); (Â.L.); (F.D.)
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Silva MBRD, Maffei DF, Moreira DA, Dias M, Mendes MA, Franco BDGDM. Agricultural practices in Brazilian organic farms and microbiological characteristics of samples collected along the production chain. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:1185-1196. [PMID: 34365710 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To gather data on agricultural practices in organic farms in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and evaluate their relationship with the microbiological characteristics of samples collected along the production chain. METHODS AND RESULTS Practices data were based on field observations and interviews with farmers in 10 selected organic lettuce producing farms. Counts of Enterobacteriaceae and surveys for Salmonella were performed in samples of lettuce (before and after washing), fertilizers, irrigation and washing water, all collected in the same farm. Water samples were also tested for total coliforms and generic Escherichia coli. Isolated Enterobacteriaceae were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Contamination of lettuce was influenced by some agricultural practices: chicken manure-based fertilization resulted in higher Enterobacteriaceae counts in lettuce when compared to other types of manure, whereas pre-washed lettuces presented lower microbial counts than non-pre-washed samples. Salmonella was detected in one lettuce sample by qPCR. Escherichia coli was detected in all irrigation water samples. All sample types contained Enterobacteriaceae species commonly reported as opportunistic human pathogens. CONCLUSIONS The data highlight the need for improvement in the good agricultural practices in the studied farms. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides information on agricultural practices and microbiological characteristics of organic lettuce, contributing to the development of more accurate risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Belchior Rosendo da Silva
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Fernanda Maffei
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, ‟Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Debora Andrade Moreira
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Meriellen Dias
- Dempster MS Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Anita Mendes
- Dempster MS Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bernadette Dora Gombossy de Melo Franco
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Jankoski PR, Correa APF, Brandelli A, Motta ASDA. Biological activity of bacteria isolated from wetland sediments collected from a conservation unit in the southern region of Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20191269. [PMID: 34287454 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120191269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wetlands are ecosystems rich in biodiversity and their ecological importance is recognized worldwide. Sediment samples were subjected to physical-chemical analysis and organic carbon content varied from 3.0% to 4.8%, the clay between 32 and 40%, silt with 41% and 43%, sand coarse varied between 6 and 11% and fine sand between 7 and 16%. The nitrogen values varied from 0.25% to 0.48%, the pH from 5.4 to 7.5 and the humidity varied from 44 to 56%. The selected isolates were evaluated for enzymatic properties and 64% showed positive results for amylase, 16% for gelatinase, 37% for lipase, 91% for protease and 2.7% for inulinase. Six bacterial isolates were selected for the overlapping assay and Bacillus sp. sed 2.2 showed inhibitory activity against Corynebacterium fimi NCTC 7547, and the antimicrobial substance was partially purified. The characterization of the substance was carried and the substance was stable at 100° C for up to 10 minutes and sensitive to the enzymes papain and trypsin. This substance was active against some species of Listeria, including Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644. The microorganims obtained from sediment samples were important sources of bioactive compounds, including enzymes and peptides, being a source of bioactive compounds to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila R Jankoski
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, sala 216, Cidade Baixa, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula F Correa
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciência dos Alimentos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Campus do Vale, Prédio 43212, Santo Antônio, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriano Brandelli
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciência dos Alimentos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Campus do Vale, Prédio 43212, Santo Antônio, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda S DA Motta
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, sala 216, Cidade Baixa, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Kim E, Yang SM, Kim HY. Analysis of Cultivable Microbial Community during Kimchi Fermentation Using MALDI-TOF MS. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051068. [PMID: 34066045 PMCID: PMC8151656 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Kimchi, a traditional Korean fermented vegetable, has received considerable attention for its health-promoting effects. This study analyzes the cultivable microbial community in kimchi fermented at different temperatures using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to comprehensively understand the factors affecting the quality of kimchi. Of the 5204 strains isolated from kimchi, aligned with the in-house database, 4467 (85.8%) were correctly identified at the species level. The fermentation temperature affected the microbial community by varying the pH and acidity, which was mainly caused by temperature-dependent competition between the different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species in kimchi. LAB, such as Levilactobacillus (Lb.) brevis and Lactiplantibacillus (Lpb.) plantarum associated with rancidity and tissue softening, proliferated faster at higher temperatures than at low temperature. In addition, LAB, such as Latilactobacillus (Lat.) sakei and Leuconostoc (Leu.) mesenteroides, which produce beneficial substances and flavor, were mainly distributed in kimchi fermented at 4 °C. This study shows as a novelty that MALDI-TOF MS is a robust and economically affordable method for investigating viable microbial communities in kimchi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hae-Yeong Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-201-2600; Fax: +82-31-204-8116
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Dakwa V, Powell S, Eyles A, Gracie A, Tamplin M, Ross T. Effect of peroxyacetic acid treatment and bruising on the bacterial community and shelf-life of baby spinach. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 343:109086. [PMID: 33631605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The importance of leaf integrity, i.e. the effects of bruising (mechanical damage), and sanitisation with peroxyacetic acid (PAA) on bacterial communities of ready-to-eat baby spinach remains unclear. Two shelf-life studies were conducted at 4 °C to investigate the effect of bruising and sanitisation on the growth of spoilage microorganisms. In the first experiment, both bruising treatments (100% and 40% of leaves) halved shelf life to 12 d, whereas intact leaves had a shelf-life of 23 d. Bruising had no influence on bacterial diversity during shelf-life, though some differences in the relative abundance of minor genera were observed. Pseudomonas and Pantoea were the most dominant bacterial genera, regardless of bruising treatment. High throughput amplicon sequencing also identified other spoilage bacteria including Chryseobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, Bacillus, Sphingobacterium, Erwinia and Flavobacterium. In the second experiment, washing of intact baby spinach with a sanitiser (80 mg/L: PAA) reduced microbial load as determined by aerobic plate count but did not immediately affect the presence/relative abundance of most of the genera of spoilage bacteria observed. During shelf-life, the bacterial diversity of sanitised leaves was significantly lower than on water-washed leaves. Although sanitisation resulted in a higher initial log reduction in microbial load compared to control (portable tap water), sanitisation did not extend the shelf life of baby spinach (23 d). Sanitised spinach had reduced bacterial diversity however, by the end of shelf life, both sanitised and water-washed spinach was dominated by Pseudomonas and Pantoea spoilage bacteria. This study demonstrated for the first time that the shorter shelf life of bruised leaves was related to faster microbial growth rather than changes in bacterial diversity or community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vongai Dakwa
- ARC Training Centre for Innovative Horticultural Products, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - Shane Powell
- ARC Training Centre for Innovative Horticultural Products, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - Alieta Eyles
- ARC Training Centre for Innovative Horticultural Products, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - Alistair Gracie
- ARC Training Centre for Innovative Horticultural Products, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - Mark Tamplin
- ARC Training Centre for Innovative Horticultural Products, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
| | - Tom Ross
- ARC Training Centre for Innovative Horticultural Products, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
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Chieffi D, Fanelli F, Fusco V. Arcobacter butzleri: Up-to-date taxonomy, ecology, and pathogenicity of an emerging pathogen. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2071-2109. [PMID: 33337088 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Arcobacter butzleri, recently emended to the Aliarcobacter butzleri comb. nov., is an emerging pathogen causing enteritis, severe diarrhea, septicaemia, and bacteraemia in humans and enteritis, stillbirth, and abortion in animals. Since its recognition as emerging pathogen on 2002, advancements have been made in elucidating its pathogenicity and epidemiology, also thanks to advent of genomics, which, moreover, contributed in emending its taxonomy. In this review, we provide an overview of the up-to-date taxonomy, ecology, and pathogenicity of this emerging pathogen. Moreover, the implication of A. butzleri in the safety of foods is pinpointed, and culture-dependent and independent detection, identification, and typing methods as well as strategies to control and prevent the survival and growth of this pathogen are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Chieffi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Fanelli
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzina Fusco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
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Fröhling A, Bußler S, Durek J, Schlüter OK. Thermal Impact on the Culturable Microbial Diversity Along the Processing Chain of Flour From Crickets ( Acheta domesticus). Front Microbiol 2020; 11:884. [PMID: 32523562 PMCID: PMC7261824 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of insects for human consumption has lately increased in interest and in order to deliver safe and high-quality raw materials and ingredients for food and feed applications, processing of insects is a major pre-requisite. For edible insects a thermal treatment and appropriate storage conditions are recommended to minimize the microbiological risk and the impact of processing methods on the microbial contamination needs to be considered and determined. Based on standard process conditions for the production of Acheta domesticus flour, different heating treatments were used to reduce the microbial load of A. domesticus. In addition, the drying temperature and drying time were varied to determine whether the required residual moisture of <5% can be achieved more quickly with consistent microbial quality. The influence of the process conditions on the microbial community of A. domesticus along the processing chain was finally investigated under optimized process conditions. The total viable count was reduced from 9.24 log10 CFU/gDM to 1.98 log10 CFU/gDM along the entire processing chain. While Bacillaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, and yeast and molds were no longer detectable in the A. domesticus flour, Staphylococcaceae and mesophilic spore forming bacteria were still found in the flour. The results indicate that the steaming process is essential for effectively increasing microbial safety since this processing step showed the highest inactivation. It is recommended to not only evaluate the total viable count but also to monitor changes in microbial diversity during processing to ensure microbial safety of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Fröhling
- Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sara Bußler
- Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
- Food4Future, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Julia Durek
- Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Oliver K. Schlüter
- Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
- Food4Future, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren, Germany
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Torres-Corral Y, Santos Y. Identification and typing of Vagococcus salmoninarum using genomic and proteomic techniques. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:597-612. [PMID: 30742322 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on the characterization of Vagococcus salmoninarum using phenotypic, serological, antigenic, genetic and proteomic methods. All strains of V. salmoninarum were resistant to most of the antimicrobials tested, and only 10% of strains were sensitive to florfenicol. Serological analysis demonstrated a high antigenic homogeneity within the species. No cross-reaction was detected with other fish pathogenic species causing streptococcosis (Lactococcus garvieae, Streptococcus parauberis, Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Carnobacterium maltaromaticum) using serum against V. salmoninarum CECT 5810. Electrophoretic analysis of cell surface proteins and immunoblot supported the antigenic homogeneity within V. salmoninarum strains. Moreover, limited diversity was detected using genomic (RAPD, ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR) and MALDI-TOF-MS analyses. The phenotypic, genomic and proteomic methods tested allowed the rapid differentiation of V. salmoninarum from the other species causing streptococcosis. However, MALDI-TOF-MS is the most promising method for typing and characterization of V. salmoninarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Torres-Corral
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Edificio CIBUS Facultad de Biología and Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentario, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ysabel Santos
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Edificio CIBUS Facultad de Biología and Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentario, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Impact of a Pilot-Scale Plasma-Assisted Washing Process on the Culturable Microbial Community Dynamics Related to Fresh-Cut Endive Lettuce. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8112225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cold plasma is described as a promising technique for the treatment of fresh food. In particular, the application of plasma-treated water gained interest in fresh-cut produce processing. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of plasma-treated water (PTW) to decontaminate lettuce during washing on a pilot-scale level with special interest in the dynamics of the culturable microbial community in a first approach. PTW was used in pilot-scale washing at different processing steps, and the total viable count (TVC) of endive lettuce was determined after treatment and after storage (seven days, 2 °C). Microflora representatives were identified using MALDI-ToF MS. The highest reduction of TVC (1.8 log units) was achieved using PTW for washing whole lettuce before cutting. The microbial community structure showed high variations in the composition along the processing chain and during storage with a decrease in diversity after washing with PTW. PTW reduced the microbial load of endive lettuce; however, this was not clearly detectable at the end of storage, similar to other sanitizers used in comparable studies. To assure the safety of fresh products, detailed knowledge about the microbial load and the composition of the microbial community close to the end of shelf life is of high interest for optimized process design.
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Liu S, Zuo J, Lu Y, Gao L, Zhai Y, Xu W. Direct bacteria analysis using laserspray ionization miniature mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:4031-4040. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1385-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Truchado P, Gil MI, Suslow T, Allende A. Impact of chlorine dioxide disinfection of irrigation water on the epiphytic bacterial community of baby spinach and underlying soil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199291. [PMID: 30020939 PMCID: PMC6051574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination of pathogenic bacteria through irrigation water is a recognized risk factor for fresh produce. Irrigation water disinfection is an intervention strategy that could be applied to reduce the probability of microbiological contamination of crops. Disinfection treatments should be applied ensuring minimum effective doses, which are efficient in inhibiting the microbial contamination while avoiding formation and accumulation of chemical residues. Among disinfection technologies available for growers, chlorine dioxide (ClO2) represents, after sodium hypochlorite, an alternative disinfection treatment, which is commercially applied by growers in the USA and Spain. However, in most of the cases, the suitability of this treatment has been tested against pathogenic bacteria and low attention have been given to the impact of chemical residues on the bacterial community of the vegetable tissue. The aim of this study was to (i) to evaluate the continual application of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) as a water disinfection treatment of irrigation water during baby spinach growth in commercial production open fields, and (ii) to determine the subsequent impact of these treatments on the bacterial communities in water, soil, and baby spinach. To gain insight into the changes in the bacterial community elicited by ClO2, samples of treated and untreated irrigation water as well as the irrigated soil and baby spinach were analyzed using Miseq® Illumina sequencing platform. Next generation sequencing and multivariate statistical analysis revealed that ClO2 treatment of irrigation water did not affect the diversity of the bacterial community of water, soil and crop, but significant differences were observed in the relative abundance of specific bacterial genera. This demonstrates the different susceptibility of the bacteria genera to the ClO2 treatment. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that the phyllosphere bacterial community of baby spinach was more influenced by the soil bacteria community rather than that of irrigation water. In the case of baby spinach, the use of low residual ClO2 concentrations (approx. 0.25 mg/L) to treat irrigation water decreased the relative abundance of Pseudomonaceae (2.28-fold) and Enterobacteriaceae (2.5-fold) when comparing treated versus untreated baby spinach. Members of these two bacterial families are responsible for food spoilage and foodborne illnesses. Therefore, a reduction of these bacterial families might be beneficial for the crop and for food safety. In general it can be concluded that the constant application of ClO2 as a disinfection treatment for irrigation water only caused changes in two bacterial families of the baby spinach and soil microbiota, without affecting the major phyla and classes. The significance of these changes in the bacterial community should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Truchado
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Isabel Gil
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Trevor Suslow
- Department of Plant Science, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Mann Laboratory, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Ana Allende
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Fröhling A, Rademacher A, Rumpold B, Klocke M, Schlüter O. Screening of microbial communities associated with endive lettuce during postharvest processing on industrial scale. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00671. [PMID: 30094360 PMCID: PMC6076399 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the composition of the microbial community on endive lettuce (Cichorium endivia) was evaluated during different postharvest processing steps. Microbial community structure was characterized by culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Endive lettuce was sampled exemplarily at four different stages of processing (raw material, cut endive lettuce, washed endive lettuce, and spin-dried (ready to pack) endive lettuce) and analysed by plate count analysis using non-selective and selective agar plates with subsequent identification of bacteria colonies by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of light mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Additionally, terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis and 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequence analysis were conducted. The results revealed structural differences in the lettuce microbiomes during the different processing steps. The most predominant bacteria on endive lettuce were detected by almost all methods. Bacterial species belonging to the families Pseudomonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, and Moraxellaceae were detected in most of the examined samples including some unexpected potentially human pathogenic bacteria, especially those with the potential to build resistance to antibiotics (e.g., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (0.9 % in cut sample, 0.4 % in spin-dried sample), Acinetobacter sp. (0.6 % in raw material, 0.9 % in cut sample, 0.9 % in washed sample, 0.4 % in spin-dried sample), Morganella morganii (0.2 % in cut sample, 3 % in washed sample)) revealing the potential health risk for consumers. However, more seldom occurring bacterial species were detected in varying range by the different methods. In conclusion, the applied methods allow the determination of the microbiome's structure and its dynamic changes during postharvest processing in detail. Such a combined approach enables the implementation of tailored control strategies including hygienic design, innovative decontamination techniques, and appropriate storage conditions for improved product safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Fröhling
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Department of Horticultural Engineering, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Antje Rademacher
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Department of Bioengineering, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Birgit Rumpold
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Department of Horticultural Engineering, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Klocke
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Department of Bioengineering, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Oliver Schlüter
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Quality and Safety of Food and Feed, Department of Horticultural Engineering, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
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13
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Sandrin TR, Demirev PA. Characterization of microbial mixtures by mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:321-349. [PMID: 28509357 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
MS applications in microbiology have increased significantly in the past 10 years, due in part to the proliferation of regulator-approved commercial MALDI MS platforms for rapid identification of clinical infections. In parallel, with the expansion of MS technologies in the "omics" fields, novel MS-based research efforts to characterize organismal as well as environmental microbiomes have emerged. Successful characterization of microorganisms found in complex mixtures of other organisms remains a major challenge for researchers and clinicians alike. Here, we review recent MS advances toward addressing that challenge. These include sample preparation methods and protocols, and established, for example, MALDI, as well as newer, for example, atmospheric pressure ionization (API) techniques. MALDI mass spectra of intact cells contain predominantly information on the highly expressed house-keeping proteins used as biomarkers. The API methods are applicable for small biomolecule analysis, for example, phospholipids and lipopeptides, and facilitate species differentiation. MS hardware and techniques, for example, tandem MS, including diverse ion source/mass analyzer combinations are discussed. Relevant examples for microbial mixture characterization utilizing these combinations are provided. Chemometrics and bioinformatics methods and algorithms, including those applied to large scale MS data acquisition in microbial metaproteomics and MS imaging of biofilms, are highlighted. Select MS applications for polymicrobial culture analysis in environmental and clinical microbiology are reviewed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd R Sandrin
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Plamen A Demirev
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland
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14
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Jiang L, Chen Z, Liu L, Wang M, Liu Y, Yu Z. Effect of chlorine dioxide on decontamination of fresh‐cut coriander and identification of bacterial species in fresh‐cutting process. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095 PR China
| | - Zhouyao Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095 PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095 PR China
| | - Mian Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095 PR China
| | - Yanyi Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095 PR China
| | - Zhifang Yu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095 PR China
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15
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Quality and safety of fresh horticultural commodities: Recent advances and future perspectives. Food Packag Shelf Life 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Druckenmüller K, Gärtner A, Jäckel U, Klug K, Schiffels J, Günther K, Elbers G. Development of a methodological approach for the characterization of bioaerosols in exhaust air from pig fattening farms with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 220:974-983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Jongman M, Korsten L. Irrigation water quality and microbial safety of leafy greens in different vegetable production systems: A review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2017.1289385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mosimanegape Jongman
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lise Korsten
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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18
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Popović NT, Kazazić SP, Strunjak-Perović I, Čož-Rakovac R. Differentiation of environmental aquatic bacterial isolates by MALDI-TOF MS. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 152:7-16. [PMID: 27741451 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Identification of bacteria in aquatic and environmental applications, for monitoring purposes and research, for health assessments and therapy considerations of farmed and free-living aquatic organisms, still relies on conventional phenotypic and biochemical protocols. Although molecular techniques based on DNA amplification and sequencing are finding ways into diagnostic laboratories, they are time-consuming, costly and difficult in the case of multiplex assays. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a rapid and accurate proteomic method reliable for identification of unknown bacteria to the genus and species level. Upon extension of databases, it will certainly find its position in environmental sciences. The paper presents an overview of the principle of the method, its effectiveness in comparison with conventional and molecular identification procedures, and applicability on environmental and aquatic isolates, discussing its advantages and shortcomings, as well as possible future implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Topić Popović
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana P Kazazić
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry, Division of Physical Chemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivančica Strunjak-Perović
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
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19
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Rahi P, Prakash O, Shouche YS. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass-Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) Based Microbial Identifications: Challenges and Scopes for Microbial Ecologists. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1359. [PMID: 27625644 PMCID: PMC5003876 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) based biotyping is an emerging technique for high-throughput and rapid microbial identification. Due to its relatively higher accuracy, comprehensive database of clinically important microorganisms and low-cost compared to other microbial identification methods, MALDI-TOF MS has started replacing existing practices prevalent in clinical diagnosis. However, applicability of MALDI-TOF MS in the area of microbial ecology research is still limited mainly due to the lack of data on non-clinical microorganisms. Intense research activities on cultivation of microbial diversity by conventional as well as by innovative and high-throughput methods has substantially increased the number of microbial species known today. This important area of research is in urgent need of rapid and reliable method(s) for characterization and de-replication of microorganisms from various ecosystems. MALDI-TOF MS based characterization, in our opinion, appears to be the most suitable technique for such studies. Reliability of MALDI-TOF MS based identification method depends mainly on accuracy and width of reference databases, which need continuous expansion and improvement. In this review, we propose a common strategy to generate MALDI-TOF MS spectral database and advocated its sharing, and also discuss the role of MALDI-TOF MS based high-throughput microbial identification in microbial ecology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Rahi
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science Pune, India
| | - Om Prakash
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science Pune, India
| | - Yogesh S Shouche
- Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science Pune, India
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20
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Sala-Comorera L, Vilaró C, Galofré B, Blanch AR, García-Aljaro C. Use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry for bacterial monitoring in routine analysis at a drinking water treatment plant. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219:577-584. [PMID: 26809219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study of bacterial communities throughout a drinking water treatment plant could provide a basic understanding of the effects of water processing that could then be used to improve the management of such plants. However, it is necessary to develop new analytical techniques that are sufficiently efficient, robust and fast for their effective and useful application in routine analysis. The aim of this study is therefore to assess the performance of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), as compared to the PhenePlate™ system, for routine analysis in a drinking water treatment plant. To this end we studied a total of 277 colonies isolated in different seasons and from different points throughout the water treatment process, including: raw water, sand filtration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis and chlorination. The colonies were analysed using MALDI-TOF MS by direct deposition of the cells on the plate. The colonies were also biochemically fingerprinted using the PhenePlate™ system, clustered according to their similarity and a representative strain was selected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and API® gallery-based identification. The use of MALDI-TOF MS was reliable compared to the PhenePlate™ system and has the advantage of being faster and relatively cheap. Bacteria typing by MALDI-TOF MS is therefore a promising method to replace conventional routine phenotypic methods for the identification of bacteria in drinking water laboratories, thanks to its robustness. The major limiting factor for MALDI-TOF MS is the lack of a suitable mass spectra database; although each laboratory can develop its own library. This methodology will provide a tracking tool for companies to use in risk management and the detection of possible failures in both the water treatment processes and the distribution network, as well as offering characterization of the intrinsic microbial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sala-Comorera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Vilaró
- Aigües de Barcelona, EMGCIA, C/General Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Galofré
- Aigües de Barcelona, EMGCIA, C/General Batet 1-7, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anicet R Blanch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Aljaro
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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du Plessis EM, Duvenage F, Korsten L. Determining the potential link between irrigation water quality and the microbiological quality of onions by phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Escherichia coli isolates. J Food Prot 2015; 78:643-51. [PMID: 25836387 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The potential transfer of human pathogenic bacteria present in irrigation water onto fresh produce was investigated, because surface water sources used for irrigation purposes in South Africa have increasingly been reported to be contaminated with enteric bacterial pathogens. A microbiological analysis was performed of a selected river in Limpopo Province, South Africa, that is often contaminated with raw sewage from municipal sewage works and overhead irrigated onions produced on a commercial farm. Counts of Escherichia coli, coliforms, aerobic bacteria, fungi, and yeasts and the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes were determined. Identities of bacterial isolates from irrigation water and onions were confirmed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, PCR, and biochemical tests. To establish a potential link between the microbiological quality of the irrigation source and the onions, the E. coli isolates from both were subjected to antibiotic resistance, virulence gene, and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR analyses. River water E. coli counts exceeded South African Department of Water Affairs and World Health Organization irrigation water guidelines. Counts of aerobic bacteria, coliforms, fungi, and yeasts of onions from the market were acceptable according to Department of Health Directorate, Food Control, South Africa, microbiological guidelines for ready-to-eat fresh fruits and vegetables. E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and L. monocytogenes were not detected in onions, whereas only Salmonella was detected in 22% of water samples. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and PCR identification of E. coli isolates from water and onions correlated. Of the 45 E. coli isolates from water and onions, 42.2% were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Virulence genes eae, stx1, and stx2 were detected in 2.2, 6.6, and 2.2% of the E. coli isolates, respectively. Phenotypic (antimicrobial) and genotypic (virulence gene prevalence, DNA fingerprinting) analyses showed a link between river, dam, irrigation pivot point, and onion E. coli isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M du Plessis
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Main Campus, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002 South Africa.
| | - Francois Duvenage
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Main Campus, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002 South Africa
| | - Lise Korsten
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of Pretoria, Main Campus, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002 South Africa
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22
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Ferreira S, Queiroz JA, Oleastro M, Domingues FC. Insights in the pathogenesis and resistance of Arcobacter: A review. Crit Rev Microbiol 2015; 42:364-83. [PMID: 25806423 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2014.954523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Arcobacter genus currently comprises 18 recognized species, among which Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus and Arcobacter skirrowii have been associated with human and animal disease. Although these organisms, with special emphasis A. butzleri, are emerging as clinical pathogens, several aspects of their epidemiology and virulence are only starting to be clarified. In vitro human and animal cell culture assays have been used to show that several Arcobacter species can adhere to and invade eukaryotic cells, induce an immune response and produce toxins that damage host cells. In addition, data from genome sequencing highlighted several potential markers that may be helpful candidates for the study and understanding of these mechanisms; however, more work is necessary to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in Arcobacter virulence. Arcobacter can be considered a relatively robust organism showing to be able to survive in adverse conditions, as the ones imposed by food processing and storage. Moreover, these bacteria have shown increased antibiotic resistance, along with high multidrug resistance. In this review, we seek to update the state-of-the-art concerning Arcobacter distribution, its interaction with the host, the trends of antibiotic resistance, its ability to survive, and finally the use of natural antimicrobials for control of Arcobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ferreira
- a CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal and
| | - João A Queiroz
- a CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal and
| | - Mónica Oleastro
- b Department of Infectious Diseases , National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Fernanda C Domingues
- a CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal and
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