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Feng S, Karanth S, Almuhaideb E, Parveen S, Pradhan AK. Machine learning to predict the relationship between Vibrio spp. concentrations in seawater and oysters and prevalent environmental conditions. Food Res Int 2024; 188:114464. [PMID: 38823834 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus are bacteria with a significant public health impact. Identifying factors impacting their presence and concentrations in food sources could enable the identification of significant risk factors and prevent incidences of foodborne illness. In recent years, machine learning has shown promise in modeling microbial presence based on prevalent external and internal variables, such as environmental variables and gene presence/absence, respectively, particularly with the generation and availability of large amounts and diverse sources of data. Such analyses can prove useful in predicting microbial behavior in food systems, particularly under the influence of the constant changes in environmental variables. In this study, we tested the efficacy of six machine learning regression models (random forest, support vector machine, elastic net, neural network, k-nearest neighbors, and extreme gradient boosting) in predicting the relationship between environmental variables and total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus concentrations in seawater and oysters. In general, environmental variables were found to be reliable predictors of total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus concentrations in seawater, and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in oysters (Acceptable Prediction Zone >70 %) when analyzed using our machine learning models. SHapley Additive exPlanations, which was used to identify variables influencing Vibrio concentrations, identified chlorophyll a content, seawater salinity, seawater temperature, and turbidity as influential variables. It is important to note that different strains were differentially impacted by the same environmental variable, indicating the need for further research to study the causes and potential mechanisms of these variations. In conclusion, environmental variables could be important predictors of Vibrio growth and behavior in seafood. Moreover, the models developed in this study could prove invaluable in assessing and managing the risks associated with V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus, particularly in the face of a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Shraddha Karanth
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Esam Almuhaideb
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - Salina Parveen
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - Abani K Pradhan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Xu X, Peng M, Wang Y, Zhu F, Shen W, Bao D. Genomic and epidemiological characterization of a bla CTX-M-27-carrying ST34 Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium in China. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 36:345-349. [PMID: 38122981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Consuming contaminated food and water is a leading cause of food poisoning, with Salmonella being one of the primary culprits. The aim of this study is to elucidate the genomic characteristics of a blaCTX-M-27-carrying S. enterica strain recovered from a patient with diarrhoea in China. METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility of S. enterica strain 123 was determined by microdilution broth assay. Whole-genome sequencing was performed using both long-read MinION and short-read Illumina platforms to fully characterize the genetic structure of the blaCTX-M-27-carrying plasmid of the S. enterica 123. In silico multilocus sequence typing (MLST), antimicrobial resistance genes and genomic epidemiological analysis of 69 Salmonella strains carrying the blaCTX-M-27 gene stored in NCBI GenBank were further analysed by BacWGSTdb 2.0 server. RESULTS The isolate was resistant to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, aztreonam, azithromycin, but still susceptible to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, imipenem, amikacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and gentamicin. The complete genome sequence of Salmonella 123 is made up of one chromosome and three plasmids, which could be assigned as sequence type (ST)34. The blaCTX-M-27 gene was found in the 65 644 bp IncFII-type plasmid with IS26 and IS5 exist upstream of blaCTX-M-27 gene, and IS26 and IS1B are located downstream as a truncated fragment. The closest relative of Salmonella 123 was Salmonella strain La89, another ST34 strain recovered in 2011, which differed by only 52 SNPs. CONCLUSION This study reports the complete genome of a blaCTX-M-27-carrying S. enterica that can be used for gaining insights into the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and dissemination patterns of the emerging pandemic lineage ST34.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital, Sanmen Bay Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minfei Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Yizhang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital, Sanmen Bay Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital, Sanmen Bay Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiwei Shen
- Taizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Danni Bao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital, Sanmen Bay Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Chakrapani S, Panigrahi A, Palanichamy E, Thangaraj SK, Radhakrishnan N, Panigrahi P, Nagarathnam R. Evaluation of Therapeutic Efficiency of Stylicin against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in Shrimp Penaeus vannamei through Comparative Proteomic Approach. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:76-92. [PMID: 36459385 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The shrimp immune system defends and protects against infection by its naturally expressing antimicrobial peptides. Stylicin is a proline-rich anionic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) that exhibits potent antimicrobial activity. In this study, stylicin gene was isolated from Penaeus vannamei, cloned into vector pET-28a ( +), and overexpressed in Escherichia coli SHuffle T7 cells. The protein was purified and tested for its antibiofilm activity against shrimp pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus. It was resulted that the recombinant stylicin significantly reduced the biofilm formation of V. parahaemolyticus at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 200 µg. Cell aggregation was observed by using scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, and it was resulted that stylicin administration significantly affects the cell structure and biofilm density of V. parahaemolyticus. In addition, real-time PCR confirmed the downregulation (p < 0.05) of genes responsible for growth and colonization. The efficacy of stylicin was tested by injecting it into shrimp challenged with V. parahaemolyticus and 7 days after infection, stylicin-treated animals recovered and survived better in both treatments (T2-100 µg stylicin, - 68.8%; T1-50 µg stylicin, 60%) than in control (7%) (p < 0.01). Comparative proteomic and mass spectrometry analysis of shrimp hemolymph resulted that the expressed proteins were involved in cell cycle, signal transduction, immune pathways, and stress-related proteins representing infection and recovery, and were significantly different in the stylicin-treated groups. The result of this study suggests that the stylicin can naturally boost immunity and can be used as a choice for treating V. parahaemolyticus infections in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Chakrapani
- Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600028, India
| | - Akshaya Panigrahi
- Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600028, India.
| | - Esakkiraj Palanichamy
- Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600028, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Thangaraj
- Aquatic Animal Health & Environment Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600028, India
| | - Naveenkumar Radhakrishnan
- Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600028, India
| | - Puspamitra Panigrahi
- Centre for Clean Energy and Nano Convergence (CENCON), Hindustan Institute of Technology & Science, Rajiv Gandhi Salai (OMR), Padur, Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ekonomou SI, Boziaris IS. Fate of osmotically adapted and biofilm Listeria monocytogenes cells after exposure to salt, heat, and liquid smoke, mimicking the stresses induced during the processing of hot smoked fish. Food Microbiol 2024; 117:104392. [PMID: 37919014 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the response of osmotically adapted and detached biofilm Listeria monocytogenes cells following sequential stresses that occur during the processing of hot smoking, such as heating and smoke application. Thermal resistance of L. monocytogenes was significantly affected by previous osmotic adaptation of the cells. D60oC-values of osmotically adapted L. monocytogenes cells were significantly higher than control cells. The osmotically adapted and subsequently heat-injured cells were more resistant to PALCAM and less resistant to TSAYE with 5.00% NaCl (TSAYE/NaCl) than control cells. Detached biofilm cells were more thermotolerant and less resistant to PALCAM and TSAYE/NaCl than control cells. The sequential effect of smoking against heat-treated (60 °C, 20 min) and osmotically adapted or detached L. monocytogenes biofilm cells was investigated using two liquid smoke extracts (L9 and G6). L9 led to significantly higher reductions (>3.00-Log CFU) compared to G6. The heat-treated, detached biofilm cells revealed resistance to L9, presumably due to metabolic downregulation and physical protection by the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). These data highlight the potential of the food industry to make informed decisions for using safe heat treatments during hot smoking to effectively inactivate L. monocytogenes and maintain rigorous environmental sanitation practices to control biofilm cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Ekonomou
- Laboratory of Marketing and Technology of Aquatic Products and Foods, Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446, Volos, Greece
| | - I S Boziaris
- Laboratory of Marketing and Technology of Aquatic Products and Foods, Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 38446, Volos, Greece.
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5
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Faleye OS, Lee JH, Lee J. Selected flavonoids exhibit antibiofilm and antibacterial effects against Vibrio by disrupting membrane integrity, virulence and metabolic activities. Biofilm 2023; 6:100165. [PMID: 38034415 PMCID: PMC10681883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a high-risk foodborne pathogen associated with raw or undercooked seafoods and its biofilm forming potential has become a threat to food safety and economic values. Hence, this study aims to examine the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities as well as virulence inhibitory effects of selected flavonoids against V. parahaemolyticus. Out of the sixteen flavonoid derivatives, 6-aminoflavone (6-AF), 3,2-dihydroxyflavone (3,2-DHF) and 2,2-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (DHMB) were found as active biofilm inhibitors. 3,2-DHF and DHMB had minimum inhibitory concentrations of 20 and 50 μg/mL respectively against Vibrio planktonic cells and displayed superior antibacterial activities to standard controls. Also, they disrupted preformed biofilms and suppressed virulence properties including motilities, cell hydrophobicity and aggregation. They impaired iron acquisition mechanism and hemolysin production at sub-MICs as supported by transcriptomic studies. Interestingly, the flavonoids interfered with the metabolic activity, cell division and membrane permeability to exert antibiofilm and antibacterial activities. 6-AF and 3,2-DHF were non-toxic in the C. elegans model and showed excellent capacity to protect shrimps from biodeterioration. Furthermore, the flavonoids inhibited biofilm formation by V. harveyi, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium and the mixed-species biofilm with Vibrio. This study discovered flavonoid derivatives, especially 3,2-DHF as potential bioactive compounds capable of offering protection from risks associated with biofilm formation by V. parahaemolyticus and other food pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olajide Sunday Faleye
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
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Song D, Jia A, Qi X, Dong K, Liu S, Man C, Yang X, Jiang Y. Co-culture of Cronobacter sakazakii and Staphylococcus aureus: Explore the influence of mixed biofilm formation and regulation of Cronobacter sakazakii biofilm formation genes. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113457. [PMID: 37803782 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm is a protective matrix composed of metabolites secreted by bacteria that envelop bacteria. By forming a biofilm, bacteria can considerably improve their environmental tolerance. In food-related processing environment, different types of microorganisms are often present in biofilms. The main contaminating strain in the powdered infant formula (PIF) processing environment, Cronobacter sakazakii and Staphylococcus aureus continues to pollute the PIF processing environment after biofilm production. This study selected Cronobacter sakazakii with a weak biofilm-forming ability as one of the test organisms. The coexistence of Cronobacter sakazakii and Staphylococcus aureus on the surface of production equipment was simulated to analyze the interaction. Biofilm formation in the co-culture group was significantly higher than the others. In-depth study of the effect of Staphylococcus aureus on the biofilm formation genes of Cronobacter sakazakii. Results show two bacteria can coexist on the surface of a metal device, forming a more compact hybrid biofilm structure. Under co-culture conditions, S. aureus increased bcsA and fliD expression in Cronobacter sakazakii, whereas decreased bcsC expression. Signaling molecules produced by Staphylococcus aureus (Autoinducer 2) significantly promoted the biofilm formation of Cronobacter sakazakii at the concentration of 0-500 ng/mL (0.099-0.177) and up-regulated the expression of bcsA, filD and flhD genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danliangmin Song
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China.
| | - Ai Jia
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China.
| | - Xuehe Qi
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China.
| | - Kai Dong
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China.
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China.
| | - Chaoxin Man
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xinyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yujun Jiang
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China.
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Kuznetsova MV, Pospelova JS, Maslennikova IL, Starčič Erjavec M. Dual-Species Biofilms: Biomass, Viable Cell Ratio/Cross-Species Interactions, Conjugative Transfer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14497. [PMID: 37833945 PMCID: PMC10572544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms as a form of adaptation are beneficial for bacterial survival and may be hot spots for horizontal gene transfer, including conjugation. The aim of this research was to characterize the biofilm biomass, viable cell ratios and conjugative transfer of the pOX38 plasmid, an F-plasmid derivative, from the Escherichia coli N4i pOX38 strain (donor) into a uropathogenic E. coli DL82 strain (recipient) within dual-species biofilms with one of the following opportunistic pathogenic bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Dual-species biofilms of E. coli with K. pneumoniae or P. aeruginosa but not E. faecalis were more massive and possessed more exopolysaccharide matrix compared to single-species biofilms of donor and recipient cells. Correlation between biofilm biomass and exopolysaccharide matrix was rs = 0.888 in dual-species biofilms. In dual-species biofilm with E. faecalis the proportion of E. coli was the highest, while in the biofilm with P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae, the E. coli was less abundant. The conjugative frequencies of plasmid transfer in dual-species biofilms of E. coli with E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa were reduced. A decrease in conjugative frequency was also observed when cell-free supernatants (CFSs) of E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa were added to the E. coli conjugation mixture. Further, the activity of the autoinducer AI-2 in the CFSs of the E. coli conjugation mixture was reduced when bacteria or CFSs of E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa were added to the E. coli conjugation mixture. Hence, the intercellular and interspecies interactions in dual-species biofilms depend on the partners involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Kuznetsova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081 Perm, Russia
| | | | - Irina L Maslennikova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081 Perm, Russia
| | - Marjanca Starčič Erjavec
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Rahman MA, Ashrafudoulla M, Akter S, Park SH, Ha SD. Probiotics and biofilm interaction in aquaculture for sustainable food security: A review and bibliometric analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37599629 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2249114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is one of the most significant food sources from the prehistoric period. As aquaculture intensifies globally, the prevalence and outbreaks of various pathogenic microorganisms cause fish disease and heavy mortality, leading to a drastic reduction in yield and substantial economic loss. With the modernization of the aquaculture system, a new challenge regarding biofilms or bacterial microenvironments arises worldwide, which facilitates pathogenic microorganisms to survive under unfavorable environmental conditions and withstand various treatments, especially antibiotics and other chemical disinfectants. However, we focus on the mechanistic association between those microbes which mainly form biofilm and probiotics in one of the major food production systems, aquaculture. In recent years, probiotics and their derivatives have attracted much attention in the fisheries sector to combat the survival strategy of pathogenic bacteria. Apart from this, Bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the published literature, highlighting key research themes, emerging topics, and areas that require further investigation. This information is valuable for researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders in determining research priorities and allocating resources effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashikur Rahman
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Ashrafudoulla
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Shirin Akter
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hong Park
- Food Science and Technology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Food Science and Technology Department, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Republic of Korea
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9
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Catania AM, Di Ciccio P, Ferrocino I, Civera T, Cannizzo FT, Dalmasso A. Evaluation of the biofilm-forming ability and molecular characterization of dairy Bacillus spp. isolates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1229460. [PMID: 37600945 PMCID: PMC10432688 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1229460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Food processing lines represents a suitable environment for bacterial biofilm formation. One of the most common biofilm-forming genera in dairy processing plants is Bacillus, which includes species that may have a negative impact on safety and/or quality of dairy products. In the current study, we evaluated the biofilm forming ability and molecular characteristics of dairy Bacillus spp. isolates (B. cereus and B. subtilis). Reference strains (B. cereus ATCC 14579 and B. subtilis NCTC 3610) were also included in the experiment. All isolates were screened by micro-titer plate (96 wells) to assess their ability to form biofilm. Then, they were tested on two common food contact surfaces (polystyrene and stainless steel) by using 6-well plates and AISI 316 stainless steel coupons. Biofilm formation, expressed as biofilm production index (BPI), was higher on polystyrene than stainless steel (except for B. cereus ATCC 14579). These observations were further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, which allowed the microscopy observation of biofilm structure. Moreover, a possible correlation among total viable cell counts (CFU) and BPI was examined, as well as a connection among biofilm formation and bacterial cell hydrophobicity. Finally, whole genome sequencing was performed highlighting a genetic similarity among the strains belonging to the same species. The presence of selected genes involved in biofilm formation was also examined showing that strains with a greater presence of these genes were able to produce more biofilm in the tested materials. Additionally, for B. cereus strains enterotoxin genes were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maria Catania
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Di Ciccio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Civera
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Dalmasso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
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Ali A, Zahra A, Kamthan M, Husain FM, Albalawi T, Zubair M, Alatawy R, Abid M, Noorani MS. Microbial Biofilms: Applications, Clinical Consequences, and Alternative Therapies. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1934. [PMID: 37630494 PMCID: PMC10459820 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms that grow on surfaces and are embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. These are prevalent in various natural and man-made environments, ranging from industrial settings to medical devices, where they can have both positive and negative impacts. This review explores the diverse applications of microbial biofilms, their clinical consequences, and alternative therapies targeting these resilient structures. We have discussed beneficial applications of microbial biofilms, including their role in wastewater treatment, bioremediation, food industries, agriculture, and biotechnology. Additionally, we have highlighted the mechanisms of biofilm formation and clinical consequences of biofilms in the context of human health. We have also focused on the association of biofilms with antibiotic resistance, chronic infections, and medical device-related infections. To overcome these challenges, alternative therapeutic strategies are explored. The review examines the potential of various antimicrobial agents, such as antimicrobial peptides, quorum-sensing inhibitors, phytoextracts, and nanoparticles, in targeting biofilms. Furthermore, we highlight the future directions for research in this area and the potential of phytotherapy for the prevention and treatment of biofilm-related infections in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ali
- Clinical Biochemistry Lab, D/O Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Lifesciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Andaleeb Zahra
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Lifesciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Mohan Kamthan
- Clinical Biochemistry Lab, D/O Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Lifesciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Thamer Albalawi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Zubair
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (M.Z.); (R.A.)
| | - Roba Alatawy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia; (M.Z.); (R.A.)
| | - Mohammad Abid
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Md Salik Noorani
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Lifesciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
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Enhancing the AI-2/LuxS quorum sensing system in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum: Effect on the elimination of biofilms grown on seafoods. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 389:110102. [PMID: 36736171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The biofilm clustered with putrefying microorganisms and seafood pathogens could cover the surface of aquatic products that pose a risk to cross-contaminating food products or even human health. Fighting biofilms triggers synchronous communication associated with microbial consortia to regulate their developmental processes, and the enhancement of the quorum sensing system in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum can serve as an updated starting point for antibiofilm-forming strategies. Our results showed that the exogenous 25 mM L-cysteine induced a significant strengthening in the AI-2/LuxS system of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SS-128 along with a stronger bacteriostatic ability, resulting in an effective inhibition of biofilms formed by the simplified microbial consortia constructed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Shewanella putrefaciens grown on shrimp and squid surfaces. The accumulation of AI-2 allowed the suppression of the expression of biofilm-related genes in V. parahaemolyticus under the premise of L. plantarum SS-128 treatment, contributing to the inhibition effect. In addition, strengthening the AI-2/LuxS system is also conducive to eliminating preexisting biofilms by L. plantarum SS-128. This study suggests that the enhancement of the AI-2/LuxS system of lactic acid bacteria enables the regulation of interspecific communication within biofilms to be a viable tool to efficiently reduce and eradicate potentially harmful biofilms from aquatic product sources, opening new horizons for combating biofilms.
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El-Hossary D, Mahdy A, Elariny EYT, Askora A, Merwad AMA, Saber T, Dahshan H, Hakami NY, Ibrahim RA. Antibiotic Resistance, Virulence Gene Detection, and Biofilm Formation in Aeromonas spp. Isolated from Fish and Humans in Egypt. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030421. [PMID: 36979113 PMCID: PMC10045910 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The genus Aeromonas is widely distributed in aquatic environments and is recognized as a potential human pathogen. Some Aeromonas species are able to cause a wide spectrum of diseases, mainly gastroenteritis, skin and soft-tissue infections, bacteremia, and sepsis. The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence of Aeromonas spp. in raw fish markets and humans in Zagazig, Egypt; identify the factors that contribute to virulence; determine the isolates’ profile of antibiotic resistance; and to elucidate the ability of Aeromonas spp. to form biofilms. The examined samples included fish tissues and organs from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, n = 160) and mugil (Mugil cephalus, n = 105), and human skin swabs (n = 51) and fecal samples (n = 27). Based on biochemical and PCR assays, 11 isolates (3.2%) were confirmed as Aeromonas spp. and four isolates (1.2%) were confirmed as A. hydrophila. The virulence genes including haemolysin (hyl A) and aerolysin (aer) were detected using PCR in A. hydrophila in percentages of 25% and 50%, respectively. The antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas spp. was assessed against 14 antibiotics comprising six classes. The resistance to cefixime (81.8%) and tobramycin (45.4%) was observed. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index ranged between 0.142–0.642 with 64.2% of the isolates having MAR values equal to 0.642. Biofilm formation capacity was assessed using a microtiter plate assay, and two isolates (18.1%) were classified as biofilm producers. This study establishes a baseline for monitoring and controlling the multidrug-resistant Aeromonas spp. and especially A. hydrophila in marine foods consumed in our country to protect humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia El-Hossary
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Mahdy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Eman Y. T. Elariny
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Askora
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Abdallah M. A. Merwad
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Taisir Saber
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Dahshan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Nora Y. Hakami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab A. Ibrahim
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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Bjørge Thomassen GM, Krych L, Knøchel S, Mehli L. Bacterial community development and diversity during the first year of production in a new salmon processing plant. Food Microbiol 2023; 109:104138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rodrigues IC, Santos-Ferreira N, Silva D, da Silva CC, Inácio ÂS, Nascimento MSJ, da Costa PM. A One-Year Systematic Study to Assess the Microbiological Profile in Oysters from a Commercial Harvesting Area in Portugal. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020338. [PMID: 36838302 PMCID: PMC9965842 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
As filter-feeding animals farmed in water bodies exposed to anthropogenic influences, oysters can be both useful bioremediators and high-risk foodstuffs, considering that they are typically consumed raw. Understanding the dynamic of bacterial and viral load in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) tissues, hemolymph, outer shell surface biofilm, and farming water is therefore of great importance for microbiological risk assessment. A one-year survey of oysters collected from a class B production area (Canal de Mira, on the Portuguese western coast) revealed that these bivalve mollusks have a good depurating capacity with regard to bacteria, as Salmonella spp. and viable enterococci were not detected in any oyster flesh (edible portion) samples, despite the fact that these bacteria have regularly been found in the farming waters. Furthermore, the level of Escherichia coli contamination was clearly below the legal limit in oysters reared in a class B area (>230-≤4600 MPN E. coli/100 g). On the contrary, norovirus was repeatedly detected in the digestive glands of oysters sampled in autumn, winter, and spring. However, their presence in farming waters was only detected during winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês C. Rodrigues
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nânci Santos-Ferreira
- KU Leuven-Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniela Silva
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Chiquelho da Silva
- Department of Quality Control and Food Safety, Grupo Jerónimo Martins, Rua Nossa Sra. do Amparo, 4440-232 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela S. Inácio
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Polo I, 3004–504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria São José Nascimento
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Martins da Costa
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220428306
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Changsen C, Likhitrattanapisal S, Lunha K, Chumpol W, Jiemsup S, Prachumwat A, Kongkasuriyachai D, Ingsriswang S, Chaturongakul S, Lamalee A, Yongkiettrakul S, Buates S. Incidence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seafood in Bangkok and eastern Thailand. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15283. [PMID: 37193031 PMCID: PMC10183165 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emergence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus pandemic strain O3:K6 was first documented in 1996. Since then it has been accounted for large outbreaks of diarrhea globally. In Thailand, prior studies on pandemic and non-pandemic V. parahaemolyticus had mostly been done in the south. The incidence and molecular characterization of pandemic and non-pandemic strains in other parts of Thailand have not been fully characterized. This study examined the incidence of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood samples purchased in Bangkok and collected in eastern Thailand and characterized V. parahaemolyticus isolates. Potential virulence genes, VPaI-7, T3SS2, and biofilm were examined. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles and AMR genes (ARGs) were determined. Methods V. parahaemolyticus was isolated from 190 marketed and farmed seafood samples by a culture method and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The incidence of pandemic and non-pandemic V. parahaemolyticus and VPaI-7, T3SS2, and biofilm genes was examined by PCR. AMR profiles were verified by a broth microdilution technique. The presence of ARGs was verified by genome analysis. V. parahaemolyticus characterization was done by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). A phylogenomic tree was built from nucleotide sequences by UBCG2.0 and RAxML softwares. Results All 50 V. parahaemolyticus isolates including 21 pathogenic and 29 non-pathogenic strains from 190 samples had the toxRS/old sequence, indicating non-pandemic strains. All isolates had biofilm genes (VP0950, VP0952, and VP0962). None carried T3SS2 genes (VP1346 and VP1367), while VPaI-7 gene (VP1321) was seen in two isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles obtained from 36 V. parahaemolyticus isolates revealed high frequency of resistance to colistin (100%, 36/36) and ampicillin (83%, 30/36), but susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and piperacillin/tazobactam (100%, 36/36). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was seen in 11 isolates (31%, 11/36). Genome analysis revealed ARGs including blaCARB (100%, 36/36), tet(34) (83%, 30/36), tet(35) (42%, 15/36), qnrC (6%, 2/36), dfrA6 (3%, 1/36), and blaCTX-M-55 (3%, 1/36). Phylogenomic and MLST analyses classified 36 V. parahaemolyticus isolates into 5 clades, with 12 known and 13 novel sequence types (STs), suggesting high genetic variation among the isolates. Conclusions Although none V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from seafood samples purchased in Bangkok and collected in eastern Thailand were pandemic strains, around one third of isolates were MDR V. parahaemolyticus strains. The presence of resistance genes of the first-line antibiotics for V. parahaemolyticus infection raises a major concern for clinical treatment outcome since these resistance genes could be highly expressed under suitable circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chartchai Changsen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somsak Likhitrattanapisal
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Lunha
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wiyada Chumpol
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Surasak Jiemsup
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Anuphap Prachumwat
- AQHT, AAQG, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Bangkok, Thailand
- CENTEX SHRIMP, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Darin Kongkasuriyachai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Ingsriswang
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Soraya Chaturongakul
- Molecular Medical Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Aekarin Lamalee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suganya Yongkiettrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sureemas Buates
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates from Asian Green Mussel: Molecular Characteristics, Virulence and Their Inhibition by Chitooligosaccharide-Tea Polyphenol Conjugates. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244048. [PMID: 36553790 PMCID: PMC9778124 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were tested for pathogenicity, biofilm formation, motility, and antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial activity of chitooligosaccharide (COS)-tea polyphenol conjugates against all isolates was also studied. Forty-three isolates were randomly selected from 520 isolates from Asian green mussel (Perna viridis) grown on CHROMagarTM Vibrio agar plate. Six isolates were acquired from stool specimens of diarrhea patients. One laboratory strain was V. parahaemolyticus PSU.SCB.16S.14. Among all isolates tested, 12% of V. parahaemolyticus carried the tdh+trh- gene and were positive toward Kanagawa phenomenon test. All of V. parahaemolyticus isolates could produce biofilm and showed relatively strong motile ability. When COS-catechin conjugate (COS-CAT) and COS-epigallocatechin-3-gallate conjugate (COS-EGCG) were examined for their inhibitory effect against V. parahaemolyticus, the former showed the higher bactericidal activity with the MBC value of 1.024 mg/mL against both pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. Most of the representative Asian green mussel V. parahaemolyticus isolates exhibited high sensitivity to all antibiotics, whereas one isolate showed the intermediate resistance to cefuroxime. However, the representative clinical isolates were highly resistant to nine types of antibiotics and had multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 0.64. Thus, COS-CAT could be used as potential antimicrobial agent for controlling V. parahaemolyticus-causing disease in Asian green mussel.
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Surya T, Jeyasekaran G, Shakila RJ, Sivaraman B, Shalini R, Sundhar S, Arisekar U. Prevalence of biofilm forming Salmonella in different seafood contact surfaces of fishing boats, fish landing centres, fish markets and seafood processing plants. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114285. [PMID: 36327929 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of biofilm forming Salmonella on different seafood contact surfaces was investigated. Out of 384 swab samples, 16.14 % and 1 % were confirmed biochemically and molecularly as Salmonella respectively. One out of four isolates was from the boat deck, and three were from the seafood processing plant. Salmonella was more prevalent in January, June, and September months. Different assays investigated the biofilm forming ability of isolates. Two out of four isolates have shown strong biofilms, and the others were moderate biofilm formers by microtitre plate assay. In the CRA assay, three isolates showed 'rdar' morphotype, and one showed 'bdar' morphotype. All isolates were positive for gcpA gene (~1700 bp), a critical gene found in Salmonella biofilms. The microbial load of Salmonella biofilms on different contact surfaces were determined, stainless steel and HDPE were found prone to biofilms. With this, a suitable mechanism shall be formulated to control the biofilms of Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamizhselvan Surya
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Geevaretnam Jeyasekaran
- Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Nagapattinam 611 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Robinson Jeya Shakila
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balasubramanian Sivaraman
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Shalini
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugam Sundhar
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ulaganathan Arisekar
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
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Paulsen P, Csadek I, Bauer A, Bak KH, Weidinger P, Schwaiger K, Nowotny N, Walsh J, Martines E, Smulders FJM. Treatment of Fresh Meat, Fish and Products Thereof with Cold Atmospheric Plasma to Inactivate Microbial Pathogens and Extend Shelf Life. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233865. [PMID: 36496672 PMCID: PMC9740106 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Assuring the safety of muscle foods and seafood is based on prerequisites and specific measures targeted against defined hazards. This concept is augmented by 'interventions', which are chemical or physical treatments, not genuinely part of the production process, but rather implemented in the framework of a safety assurance system. The present paper focuses on 'Cold Atmospheric pressure Plasma' (CAP) as an emerging non-thermal intervention for microbial decontamination. Over the past decade, a vast number of studies have explored the antimicrobial potential of different CAP systems against a plethora of different foodborne microorganisms. This contribution aims at providing a comprehensive reference and appraisal of the latest literature in the area, with a specific focus on the use of CAP for the treatment of fresh meat, fish and associated products to inactivate microbial pathogens and extend shelf life. Aspects such as changes to organoleptic and nutritional value alongside other matrix effects are considered, so as to provide the reader with a clear insight into the advantages and disadvantages of CAP-based decontamination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Paulsen
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Csadek
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Kathrine H. Bak
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pia Weidinger
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Schwaiger
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - James Walsh
- Centre for Plasma Microbiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Emilio Martines
- Department of Physics “G. Occhialini”, University of Milano—Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Frans J. M. Smulders
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-25077-3318
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Effect of antibiotics and sanitizers on Salmonella biofilms associated with seafood contact surfaces. Microbiol Res 2022; 266:127213. [PMID: 36215810 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Santajit S, Kong-ngoen T, Tunyong W, Pumirat P, Ampawong S, Sookrung N, Indrawattana N. Occurrence, antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and biofilm formation capacity of Vibrio spp. and Aeromonas spp. isolated from raw seafood marketed in Bangkok, Thailand. Vet World 2022; 15:1887-1895. [PMID: 36185513 PMCID: PMC9394122 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1887-1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Bacteria of the genera Vibrio and Aeromonas cause seafood-borne zoonoses, which may have a significant impact on food safety, economy, and public health worldwide. The presence of drug-resistant and biofilm-forming phenotypes in the food chain increases the risk for consumers. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics, virulence, biofilm production, and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens isolated from seafood markets in Bangkok, Thailand.
Materials and Methods: A total of 120 retail seafood samples were collected from 10 local markets in Bangkok and peripheral areas. All samples were cultured and the Vibrio and Aeromonas genera were isolated using selective agar and biochemical tests based on standard protocols (ISO 21872-1: 2017). The antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted using the disk diffusion method. The presence of hemolysis and protease production was also investigated. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the presence of the hlyA gene. Furthermore, biofilm formation was characterized by microtiter plate assay and scanning electron microscopy.
Results: The bacterial identification test revealed that 35/57 (61.4%) belonged to the Vibrio genus and 22/57 (38.6%) to the Aeromonas genus. The Kirby–Bauer test demonstrated that 61.4% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 45.61% had a high multiple antibiotic resistance index (≥0.2). PCR analysis indicated that 75.44% of the bacteria harbored the hlyA gene. Among them, 63.16% exhibited the hemolysis phenotype and 8.77% showed protease activity. The biofilm formation assay demonstrated that approximately 56.14% of all the isolates had the potential to produce biofilms. The moderate biofilm production was the predominant phenotype.
Conclusion: The results of this study provide evidence of the multiple drug resistance phenotype and biofilm formation capacity of Vibrio and Aeromonas species contaminating raw seafood. Effective control measures and active surveillance of foodborne zoonoses are crucial for food safety and to decrease the occurrence of diseases associated with seafood consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirijan Santajit
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, 80160, Thailand; Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Tha Sala, 80160, Thailand
| | - Thida Kong-ngoen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Witawat Tunyong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pornpan Pumirat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nitat Sookrung
- Biomedical Research Incubator Unit, Department of Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Nitaya Indrawattana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Elken EM, Tan ZN, Wang Q, Jiang XY, Wang Y, Wang YM, Ma HX. Impact of Sub-MIC Eugenol on Klebsiella pneumoniae Biofilm Formation via Upregulation of rcsB. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:945491. [PMID: 35903134 PMCID: PMC9315372 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.945491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rcs phosphorelay system is present in many members of the Enterobacteriaceae. The aim of this study was to illustrate the possible mechanisms of eugenol on ultimate targets of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) Rcs phosphorelay, rcsB, and impact on biofilm formation. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of eugenol against K. pneumoniae KP1 and KP1 ΔrcsB strain was determined using the 2-fold micro-dilution method. Biofilm was measured by crystal violet staining. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to investigate sub-MIC eugenol on K. pneumoniae, and gene expression at mRNA level was analyzed by RT-qPCR. In vitro biofilm formation test and molecular docking were used to evaluate the effect of eugenol and to predict potential interactions with RcsB. MicroScale Thermophoresis (MST) was conducted for further validation. MIC of eugenol against K. pneumoniae KP1 and KP1 ΔrcsB strain was both 200 μg/ml. Transcriptome sequencing and RT-qPCR results indicated that rpmg, degP, rnpA, and dapD were downregulated, while rcsB, rcsD, rcsA, yiaG, and yiaD were upregulated in the eugenol-treated group. ΔrcsB exhibited a weakened biofilm formation capacity. Additional isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside (IPTG) hinders biofilm formation, while sub-MIC eugenol could promote biofilm formation greatly. Docking analysis revealed that eugenol forms more hydrophobic bonds than hydrogen bonds. MST assay also showed a weak binding affinity between eugenol and RcsB. These results provide significant evidence that rcsB plays a key role in K. pneumoniae biofilm formation. Sub-MIC eugenol facilitates biofilm formation to a large extent instead of inhibiting it. Our findings reveal the potential risk of natural anti-biofilm ingredients at sub-MIC to treat drug-resistance bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Mohammed Elken
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Zi-ning Tan
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qian Wang
- The 3nd Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiu-yun Jiang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi-ming Wang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Yi-ming Wang
| | - Hong-xia Ma
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- The Key Laboratory of New Veterinary Drug Research and Development of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Drug Development, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-xia Ma
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Li Y, Sun W, Wang Q, Yu Y, Wan Y, Zhou K, Guo R, Han X, Chen Z, Fang W, Jiang W. The GntR-like transcriptional regulator HutC involved in motility, biofilm-forming ability, and virulence in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Microb Pathog 2022; 167:105546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Han X, Chen Q, Zhang X, Peng J, Zhang M, Zhong Q. The elimination effects of lavender essential oil on Listeria monocytogenes biofilms developed at different temperatures and the induction of VBNC state. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 74:1016-1026. [PMID: 35211995 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a typical foodborne pathogen that causes hard-to-treat bacterial infections, mainly due to its ability to form biofilm and enter into a viable but non-culturable state (VBNC). In this study, we investigated the removal effects of four antimicrobial agents on L. monocytogenes biofilms formed at 32 ℃ and 10 ℃, analyzed the resistances of the mature biofilms to antimicrobial agents, and explored the VBNC state of cells in mature biofilms induced by lavender essential oil (LEO). The results showed that the growth of L. monocytogenes was completely inhibited when 1.6% (v/v) of the LEO was added. Meanwhile, the results of the crystal violet staining and XTT reduction method indicated that different concentrations of LEO significantly reduced L. monocytogenes biofilms biomass and metabolic activities, followed by sodium hypochlorite, lactic acid, and hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, the confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images confirmed that the treated biofilms became thinner, the structure was sparse, and the appearance was blurry. More interestingly, L. monocytogenes biofilms developed at 10 ℃ were less susceptible to the sanitizers than that formed at 32 ℃. In addition, LEO presented a more significant dispersing effect on the biofilm cells, and 1/2 MIC to 4 MIC of LEO could induce fewer VBNC state cells in biofilm and plankton compared with sodium hypochlorite. This study indicated that the LEO could be considered as an ideal antibiofilm agent for controlling L. monocytogenes. But we should pay attention to the resistance of the biofilms developed at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpeng Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qingying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiayi Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qingping Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Mohanta YK, Chakrabartty I, Mishra AK, Chopra H, Mahanta S, Avula SK, Patowary K, Ahmed R, Mishra B, Mohanta TK, Saravanan M, Sharma N. Nanotechnology in combating biofilm: A smart and promising therapeutic strategy. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1028086. [PMID: 36938129 PMCID: PMC10020670 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1028086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the birth of civilization, people have recognized that infectious microbes cause serious and often fatal diseases in humans. One of the most dangerous characteristics of microorganisms is their propensity to form biofilms. It is linked to the development of long-lasting infections and more severe illness. An obstacle to eliminating such intricate structures is their resistance to the drugs now utilized in clinical practice (biofilms). Finding new compounds with anti-biofilm effect is, thus, essential. Infections caused by bacterial biofilms are something that nanotechnology has lately shown promise in treating. More and more studies are being conducted to determine whether nanoparticles (NPs) are useful in the fight against bacterial infections. While there have been a small number of clinical trials, there have been several in vitro outcomes examining the effects of antimicrobial NPs. Nanotechnology provides secure delivery platforms for targeted treatments to combat the wide range of microbial infections caused by biofilms. The increase in pharmaceuticals' bioactive potential is one of the many ways in which nanotechnology has been applied to drug delivery. The current research details the utilization of several nanoparticles in the targeted medication delivery strategy for managing microbial biofilms, including metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, liposomes, micro-, and nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, and polymeric nanoparticles. Our understanding of how these nanosystems aid in the fight against biofilms has been expanded through their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, Meghalaya, India
- *Correspondence: Yugal Kishore Mohanta,
| | - Ishani Chakrabartty
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, Meghalaya, India
- Indegene Pvt. Ltd., Manyata Tech Park, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Saurov Mahanta
- National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT), Guwahati Centre, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Satya Kumar Avula
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Kaustuvmani Patowary
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, Meghalaya, India
| | - Ramzan Ahmed
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, Meghalaya, India
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bibhudutta Mishra
- Department of Gastroenterology and HNU, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- Tapan Kumar Mohanta,
| | - Muthupandian Saravanan
- AMR and Nanotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, Manipur, India
- Nanaocha Sharma,
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Csadek I, Paulsen P, Weidinger P, Bak KH, Bauer S, Pilz B, Nowotny N, Smulders FJM. Nitrogen Accumulation in Oyster ( Crassostrea gigas) Slurry Exposed to Virucidal Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121333. [PMID: 34947864 PMCID: PMC8709485 DOI: 10.3390/life11121333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral contamination of edible bivalves is a major food safety issue. We studied the virucidal effect of a cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) source on two virologically different surrogate viruses [a double-stranded DNA virus (Equid alphaherpesvirus 1, EHV-1), and a single-stranded RNA virus (Bovine coronavirus, BCoV)] suspended in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM). A 15 min exposure effectuated a statistically significant immediate reduction in intact BCoV viruses by 2.8 (ozone-dominated plasma, “low power”) or 2.3 log cycles (nitrate-dominated, “high power”) of the initial viral load. The immediate effect of CAP on EHV-1 was less pronounced, with “low power” CAP yielding a 1.4 and “high power” a 1.0 log reduction. We observed a decline in glucose contents in DMEM, which was most probably caused by a Maillard reaction with the amino acids in DMEM. With respect to the application of the virucidal CAP treatment in oyster production, we investigated whether salt water could be sanitized. CAP treatment entailed a significant decline in pH, below the limits acceptable for holding oysters. In oyster slurry (a surrogate for live oysters), CAP exposure resulted in an increase in total nitrogen, and, to a lower extent, in nitrate and nitrite; this was most probably caused by absorption of nitrate from the plasma gas cloud. We could not observe a change in colour, indicative for binding of NOx to haemocyanin, although this would be a reasonable assumption. Further studies are necessary to explore in which form this additional nitrogen is deposited in oyster flesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Csadek
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (K.H.B.); (S.B.); (B.P.); (F.J.M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1250-77-3325
| | - Peter Paulsen
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (K.H.B.); (S.B.); (B.P.); (F.J.M.S.)
| | - Pia Weidinger
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.W.); (N.N.)
| | - Kathrine H. Bak
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (K.H.B.); (S.B.); (B.P.); (F.J.M.S.)
| | - Susanne Bauer
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (K.H.B.); (S.B.); (B.P.); (F.J.M.S.)
| | - Brigitte Pilz
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (K.H.B.); (S.B.); (B.P.); (F.J.M.S.)
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.W.); (N.N.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Frans J. M. Smulders
- Unit of Food Hygiene and Technology, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärpl. 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (K.H.B.); (S.B.); (B.P.); (F.J.M.S.)
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New insights into the formation and recovery of sublethally injured Escherichia coli O157:H7 induced by lactic acid. Food Microbiol 2021; 102:103918. [PMID: 34809944 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 can be injured by the action of lactic acid (LA) and injured cells can be recovered under suitable condition. In this study, RNA sequencing analysis revealed the overall genes change of sublethally injured (4 mM LA, 60 min; SI) and initial recovered (minA, 20 min; R) cells. Compared with untreated samples, 53 up-regulated and 98 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs; Padj < 0.05, change fold ≥2) were found in SI. Meanwhile, Genes related to carbohydrate transport and metabolic were up-regulated and the addition of carbohydrate increased cells resistance to LA. Genes involved in osmotic stress response and cell membrane integrity were down-regulated and E. coli O157:H7 cells were sensitive to osmotic stress during sublethal injury. Genes related to iron stress response and cation transport were changed and cation may affect sublethal injury formation by influencing production of ROS and cellular processes. In R, 1370 up-regulated and 1110 down-regulated DEGs were subdivided into various GO terms and membrane, biological adhesion, cell projection, oxidation-reduction process and catalytic activity, etc., showed significant enrichment (corrected P < 0.05). Particularly, genes related to fimbrial, flagellum and type III secretion system were up-regulated, which may improve infection ability and virulence property during recovery of injured cells. These findings provide novel insights into formation and recovery of sublethally injured E. coli O157:H7 induced by LA.
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Toushik SH, Kim K, Ashrafudoulla M, Mizan MFR, Roy PK, Nahar S, Kim Y, Ha SD. Korean kimchi-derived lactic acid bacteria inhibit foodborne pathogenic biofilm growth on seafood and food processing surface materials. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Wang N, Jin Y, He G, Yuan L. Intraspecific and interspecific extracellular metabolites remodel biofilms formed by thermophilic spoilage bacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 133:2096-2106. [PMID: 34689405 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Thermophilic spoilage bacteria and their biofilms formed during milk powder processing posed threats to safety and quality of dairy products. This research aims to understand more about the bacterial behaviours and their social models in biofilms. METHODS AND RESULTS Interactional effects from both extracellular metabolites and co-culture on biofilms formation of the contaminating thermophilic bacteria were determined. The results showed that strong biofilm formers always had high AI-2 activities, including Geobacillus stearothermophilus gs1, Bacillus licheniformis bl1 and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris tv1. Metabolites from themself or other species altered their biofilm biomass detected by crystal violet staining. Dual-species cultures observed by confocal laser scanning microscope indicated either synergistic or inhibitory effects between B. circulans bc1 and G. stearothermophilus gs1, as well as B. licheniformis bl1 and G. stearothermophilus gs1. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry results revealed the significant diversities in polysaccharides of the biofilm matrix. CONCLUSIONS Cell communication played an important role on biofilm formation in the complex microbial community. Intraspecific and interspecific extracellular metabolites influenced collective bacterial behaviours under mixed circumstances. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY This research provided evidences on cell communication and biofilm formation of thermophilic bacteria in dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yujie Jin
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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29
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Biofilm Formation Ability of Arcobacter-like and Campylobacter Strains under Different Conditions and on Food Processing Materials. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102017. [PMID: 34683338 PMCID: PMC8538277 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequent cause of bacterial gastrointestinal food-borne infection worldwide. The transmission of Campylobacter and Arcobacter-like species is often made possible by their ability to adhere to various abiotic surfaces. This study is focused on monitoring the biofilm ability of 69 strains of Campylobacter spp. and lesser described species of the Arcobacteraceae family isolated from food, water, and clinical samples within the Czech Republic. Biofilm formation was monitored and evaluated under an aerobic/microaerophilic atmosphere after cultivation for 24 or 72 h depending on the surface material. An overall higher adhesion ability was observed in arcobacters. A chi-squared test showed no association between the origin of the strains and biofilm activity (p > 0.05). Arcobacter-like species are able to form biofilms under microaerophilic and aerobic conditions; however, they prefer microaerophilic environments. Biofilm formation has already been demonstrated at refrigerator temperatures (5 °C). Arcobacters also showed higher biofilm formation ability at the temperature of 30 °C. This is in contrast to Campylobacter jejuni NP 2896, which showed higher biofilm formation ability at temperatures of 5–30 °C. Overall, the results demonstrated the biofilm formation ability of many strains, which poses a considerable risk to the food industry, medical practice, and human health.
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30
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Zhang J, Huang Y, Xu H, Ying S, Pan H, Yu W. Genomic and Phenotypic Characteristics for Vibrio vulnificus Infections. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:3721-3726. [PMID: 34548795 PMCID: PMC8449862 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s331468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vibrio vulnificus (VV) is a causative agent of foodborne diseases with high mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the genomic and phenotypic profiles of VV. Methods Six VV isolates were collected and conducted whole-genome sequencing. Biofilm formation and anti-complement killing test were performed to evaluate the pathogenicity. Subsequently, 157 publicly available genomes of VV isolates were selected to determine the evolutionary relationship. Results The resistant genes norM and tet34 were identified in six isolates. A total of 156 virulence genes were identified. However, there is no obvious difference between strains isolated from blood and puncture fluid. The tendency of growth for six isolates decreased with the lapse of time, while the biofilm formation increased. The genes tadC and flp related to Flp pili were found in isolate 25506 and 30896, resulting in more obvious biofilm formation. In addition, the survival rate of 19656 was less than 20% due to lack of one genomic island including virulence genes (impD-H, clpV-1) relevant to type VI secretion system (T6SS). Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) revealed 95 different STs and 19 novel STs, indicating that the tendency of 163 isolates was sporadic. Further comparative genomics analysis clearly classified 163 isolates into three distinct evolutionary lineages. Conclusion VV infections were sporadic in humans and the environment. Virulence genes impD-H and clpV-1 related to T6SS were associated with pathogenicity phenotype of VV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yicheng Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaibing Ying
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Kirtonia K, Salauddin M, Bharadwaj KK, Pati S, Dey A, Shariati MA, Tilak VK, Kuznetsova E, Sarkar T. Bacteriocin: A new strategic antibiofilm agent in food industries. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Samrot AV, Abubakar Mohamed A, Faradjeva E, Si Jie L, Hooi Sze C, Arif A, Chuan Sean T, Norbert Michael E, Yeok Mun C, Xiao Qi N, Ling Mok P, Kumar SS. Mechanisms and Impact of Biofilms and Targeting of Biofilms Using Bioactive Compounds-A Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:839. [PMID: 34441045 PMCID: PMC8401077 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms comprising aggregates of microorganisms or multicellular communities have been a major issue as they cause resistance against antimicrobial agents and biofouling. To date, numerous biofilm-forming microorganisms have been identified, which have been shown to result in major effects including biofouling and biofilm-related infections. Quorum sensing (which describes the cell communication within biofilms) plays a vital role in the regulation of biofilm formation and its virulence. As such, elucidating the various mechanisms responsible for biofilm resistance (including quorum sensing) will assist in developing strategies to inhibit and control the formation of biofilms in nature. Employing biological control measures (such as the use of bioactive compounds) in targeting biofilms is of great interest since they naturally possess antimicrobial activity among other favorable attributes and can also possibly act as potent antibiofilm agents. As an effort to re-establish the current notion and understanding of biofilms, the present review discuss the stages involved in biofilm formation, the factors contributing to its development, the effects of biofilms in various industries, and the use of various bioactive compounds and their strategies in biofilm inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony V. Samrot
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Amira Abubakar Mohamed
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Etel Faradjeva
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Lee Si Jie
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Chin Hooi Sze
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Akasha Arif
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Tan Chuan Sean
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Emmanuel Norbert Michael
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Chua Yeok Mun
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Ng Xiao Qi
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Pooi Ling Mok
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suresh S. Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Agharam Road Selaiyur, Chennai 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India
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Figueiredo CM, Malvezzi Karwowski MS, da Silva Ramos RCP, de Oliveira NS, Peña LC, Carneiro E, Freitas de Macedo RE, Rosa EAR. Bacteriophages as tools for biofilm biocontrol in different fields. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:689-709. [PMID: 34304662 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1955866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are difficult to control due to the limited accessibility that antimicrobial drugs and chemicals have to the entrapped inner cells. The extracellular matrix, binds water, contributes to altered cell physiology within biofilms and act as a barrier for most antiproliferative molecules. Thus, new strategies need to be developed to overcome biofilm vitality. In this review, based on 223 documents, the advantages, recommendations, and limitations of using bacteriophages as 'biofilm predators' are presented. The plausibility of using phages (bacteriophages and mycoviruses) to control biofilms grown in different environments is also discussed. The topics covered here include recent historical experiences in biofilm control/eradication using phages in medicine, dentistry, veterinary, and food industries, the pros and cons of their use, and the development of microbial resistance/immunity to such viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lorena Caroline Peña
- Xenobiotics Research Unit, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Everdan Carneiro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Edvaldo Antonio Ribeiro Rosa
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Animal Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Xenobiotics Research Unit, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Igbinosa EO, Beshiru A, Igbinosa IH, Ogofure AG, Uwhuba KE. Prevalence and Characterization of Food-Borne Vibrio parahaemolyticus From African Salad in Southern Nigeria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:632266. [PMID: 34168622 PMCID: PMC8217614 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.632266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for minimally processed vegetables (African salad) has increased partly due to its inclusion in ready-to-eat foods. Nevertheless, the associated risk of the presence of emergent foodborne pathogens, such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus might be underestimated. The present study was designed to isolate and characterize foodborne V. parahaemolyticus from minimally processed vegetables using culture-based methods and molecular approach. A total of 300 samples were examined from retail outlets between November 2018 and August 2019 from Southern Nigeria. The prevalence of vibrios from the overall samples based on the colonial proliferation of yellow, blue-green and/or green colonies on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar was 74/300 (24.6%). An average of two green or blue-green colonies from respective plates was screened for V. parahaemolyticus using analytical profile index (API) 20 NE. Polymerase chain reaction further confirmed the identity of positive V. parahaemolyticus. The counts of V. parahaemolyticus ranged from 1.5 to 1,000 MPN/g. A total of 63 recovered V. parahaemolyticus were characterized further. The resistance profile of the isolates include ampicillin 57/63 (90.5%), cefotaxime 41/63 (65.1%), ceftazidime 30/63 (47.6%), amikacin 32/63 (50.8%), kanamycin 15/63 (23.8%), and oxytetracycline 16/63 (25.4%). The multiple antibiotic index ranged from 0–0.81. The formation of biofilm by the isolates revealed the following: strong formation 15/63 (23.8%), moderate formation 31/63 (49.2%), weak formation 12/63 (19.1%), and no formation 5/63 (7.9%). A total of 63/63 (100%), 9/63 (14.3%), and 20/63 (31.8%) of the isolates harbored the tox R gene, TDH-related hemolysin (trh) and thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) determinants respectively. The isolates with O2 serogroup were most prevalent via PCR. Isolates that were resistant to tetracycline, kanamycin, and chloramphenicol possessed resistant genes. The presence of multidrug-resistant vibrios in the minimally processed vegetables constitutes a public health risk and thus necessitates continued surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etinosa O Igbinosa
- Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Abeni Beshiru
- Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.,Department of Microbiology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Western Delta University, Oghara, Nigeria
| | - Isoken H Igbinosa
- Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Abraham G Ogofure
- Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Kate E Uwhuba
- Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.,Department of Microbiology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Western Delta University, Oghara, Nigeria
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Zhao X, Zhang Q, Sicheritz-Pontén T, Liu Y, Clokie MR. inPhocus: Perspectives of the Application of Bacteriophages in Poultry and Aquaculture Industries Based on Varms in China. PHAGE (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2021; 2:69-74. [PMID: 36148039 PMCID: PMC9041493 DOI: 10.1089/phage.2021.29016.xzh] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhao
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén
- Section for Evolutionary Genomics, The GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Martha R.J. Clokie
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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36
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Bacterial surface, biofilm and virulence properties of Listeriamonocytogenes strains isolated from smoked salmon and fish food contact surfaces. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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37
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Rather MA, Gupta K, Bardhan P, Borah M, Sarkar A, Eldiehy KSH, Bhuyan S, Mandal M. Microbial biofilm: A matter of grave concern for human health and food industry. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:380-395. [PMID: 33615511 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202000678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms have adapted different strategies during the course of time to invade host defense mechanisms and overcome the effect of potent antibiotics. The formation of biofilm on both biotic and abiotic surfaces by microorganisms is one such strategy to resist and survive even in presence of antibiotics and other adverse environmental conditions. Biofilm is a safe home of microorganisms embedded within self-produced extracellular polymeric substances comprising of polysaccharides, extracellular proteins, nucleic acid, and water. It is because of this adaptation strategy that pathogenic microorganisms are taking a heavy toll on the health and life of organisms. In this review, we discuss the colonization of pathogenic microorganisms on tissues and medically implanted devices in human beings. We also focus on food spoilage, disease outbreaks, biofilm-associated deaths, burden on economy, and other major concerns of biofilm-forming pathogenic microorganisms in food industries like dairy, poultry, ready-to-eat food, meat, and aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzamil A Rather
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Kuldeep Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Pritam Bardhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Munmi Borah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Anupama Sarkar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Khalifa S H Eldiehy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India.,Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Shuvam Bhuyan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Manabendra Mandal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
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Carrascosa C, Raheem D, Ramos F, Saraiva A, Raposo A. Microbial Biofilms in the Food Industry-A Comprehensive Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18042014. [PMID: 33669645 PMCID: PMC7922197 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms, present as microorganisms and surviving on surfaces, can increase food cross-contamination, leading to changes in the food industry’s cleaning and disinfection dynamics. Biofilm is an association of microorganisms that is irreversibly linked with a surface, contained in an extracellular polymeric substance matrix, which poses a formidable challenge for food industries. To avoid biofilms from forming, and to eliminate them from reversible attachment and irreversible stages, where attached microorganisms improve surface adhesion, a strong disinfectant is required to eliminate bacterial attachments. This review paper tackles biofilm problems from all perspectives, including biofilm-forming pathogens in the food industry, disinfectant resistance of biofilm, and identification methods. As biofilms are largely responsible for food spoilage and outbreaks, they are also considered responsible for damage to food processing equipment. Hence the need to gain good knowledge about all of the factors favouring their development or growth, such as the attachment surface, food matrix components, environmental conditions, the bacterial cells involved, and electrostatic charging of surfaces. Overall, this review study shows the real threat of biofilms in the food industry due to the resistance of disinfectants and the mechanisms developed for their survival, including the intercellular signalling system, the cyclic nucleotide second messenger, and biofilm-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrado Carrascosa
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain;
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Dele Raheem
- Northern Institute for Environmental and Minority Law (NIEM), Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland;
| | - Fernando Ramos
- Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, R. D. Manuel II, 55142 Apartado, Portugal
| | - Ariana Saraiva
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain;
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (A.R.)
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Hadi J, Wu S, Brightwell G. Antimicrobial Blue Light versus Pathogenic Bacteria: Mechanism, Application in the Food Industry, Hurdle Technologies and Potential Resistance. Foods 2020; 9:E1895. [PMID: 33353056 PMCID: PMC7767196 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue light primarily exhibits antimicrobial activity through the activation of endogenous photosensitizers, which leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species that attack components of bacterial cells. Current data show that blue light is innocuous on the skin, but may inflict photo-damage to the eyes. Laboratory measurements indicate that antimicrobial blue light has minimal effects on the sensorial and nutritional properties of foods, although future research using human panels is required to ascertain these findings. Food properties also affect the efficacy of antimicrobial blue light, with attenuation or enhancement of the bactericidal activity observed in the presence of absorptive materials (for example, proteins on meats) or photosensitizers (for example, riboflavin in milk), respectively. Blue light can also be coupled with other treatments, such as polyphenols, essential oils and organic acids. While complete resistance to blue light has not been reported, isolated evidence suggests that bacterial tolerance to blue light may occur over time, especially through gene mutations, although at a slower rate than antibiotic resistance. Future studies can aim at characterizing the amount and type of intracellular photosensitizers across bacterial species and at assessing the oxygen-independent mechanism of blue light-for example, the inactivation of spoilage bacteria in vacuum-packed meats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hadi
- AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Cnr University and Library Road, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (J.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Shuyan Wu
- AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Cnr University and Library Road, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (J.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Gale Brightwell
- AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Cnr University and Library Road, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (J.H.); (S.W.)
- New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
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40
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Zhang H, Chen W, Wang J, Xu B, Liu H, Dong Q, Zhang X. 10-Year Molecular Surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes Using Whole-Genome Sequencing in Shanghai, China, 2009-2019. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:551020. [PMID: 33384664 PMCID: PMC7769869 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.551020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an etiologic agent of listeriosis, and has emerged as an important foodborne pathogen worldwide. In this study, the molecular characteristics of 155 L. monocytogenes isolates from seven food groups in Shanghai, the biggest city in China, were identified using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Most L. monocytogenes isolates (79.3%) were obtained between May and October from 2009 to 2019. The serogroups and clonal complexes (CCs) of L. monocytogenes were found useful for identifying potential health risks linked to foods. Differences in distributions of serogroups and CCs among different food groups were analyzed using t-test. The results showed that the IIa and IVb serogroups were identified among most of food groups. However, the prevalence of serogroup IIb was significantly higher in ready-to-eat (RTE) food and raw seafood than in other food groups, similar to group IIc in raw meat and raw poultry than others. Meanwhile, the prevalence of CC9 in raw meat and raw poultry, CC8 in raw poultry, and CC87 in raw seafood significantly exceeded that of in other food groups. Specially, CC87 was the predominant CC in foodborne and clinical isolates in China, indicating that raw seafood may induce a high-risk to food safety. Also, hypervirulence pathogenicity islands LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 were found in CC3, CC1, and CC87, respectively. The clonal group CC619 carried LIPI-3 and LIPI-4, as previously reported in China. Core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) analysis suggested that CC87 isolates from the same food groups in different years had no allelic differences, indicating that L. monocytogenes could persist over years. These 10-year results in Shanghai underscore the significance of molecular epidemiological surveillance of L. monocytogenes in foodborne products in assessing the potential risk of this pathogen, and further address food safety issues in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Minhang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Biyao Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
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Tran HM, Tran H, Booth MA, Fox KE, Nguyen TH, Tran N, Tran PA. Nanomaterials for Treating Bacterial Biofilms on Implantable Medical Devices. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2253. [PMID: 33203046 PMCID: PMC7696307 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are involved in most device-associated infections and remain a challenge for modern medicine. One major approach to addressing this problem is to prevent the formation of biofilms using novel antimicrobial materials, device surface modification or local drug delivery; however, successful preventive measures are still extremely limited. The other approach is concerned with treating biofilms that have already formed on the devices; this approach is the focus of our manuscript. Treating biofilms associated with medical devices has unique challenges due to the biofilm's extracellular polymer substance (EPS) and the biofilm bacteria's resistance to most conventional antimicrobial agents. The treatment is further complicated by the fact that the treatment must be suitable for applying on devices surrounded by host tissue in many cases. Nanomaterials have been extensively investigated for preventing biofilm formation on medical devices, yet their applications in treating bacterial biofilm remains to be further investigated due to the fact that treating the biofilm bacteria and destroying the EPS are much more challenging than preventing adhesion of planktonic bacteria or inhibiting their surface colonization. In this highly focused review, we examined only studies that demonstrated successful EPS destruction and biofilm bacteria killing and provided in-depth description of the nanomaterials and the biofilm eradication efficacy, followed by discussion of key issues in this topic and suggestion for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoai My Tran
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (H.M.T.); (H.T.)
- Interface Science and Materials Engineering Group, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Hien Tran
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (H.M.T.); (H.T.)
- Interface Science and Materials Engineering Group, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Marsilea A. Booth
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; (M.A.B.); (K.E.F.)
| | - Kate E. Fox
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia; (M.A.B.); (K.E.F.)
- Center for Additive Manufacturing, RMIT University, PO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Thi Hiep Nguyen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 71300, Vietnam;
| | - Nhiem Tran
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia;
| | - Phong A. Tran
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (H.M.T.); (H.T.)
- Interface Science and Materials Engineering Group, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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Expression of a Shiga-Like Toxin during Plastic Colonization by Two Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila RIT668 and Citrobacter freundii RIT669, Isolated from Endangered Turtles ( Clemmys guttata). Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081172. [PMID: 32752245 PMCID: PMC7465454 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila RIT668 and Citrobacter freundii RIT669 were isolated from endangered spotted turtles (Clemmys guttata). Whole-genome sequencing, annotation and phylogenetic analyses of the genomes revealed that the closest relative of RIT668 is A. hydrophila ATCC 7966 and Citrobacter portucalensis A60 for RIT669. Resistome analysis showed that A. hydrophila and C. freundii harbor six and 19 different antibiotic resistance genes, respectively. Both bacteria colonize polyethylene and polypropylene, which are common plastics, found in the environment and are used to fabricate medical devices. The expression of six biofilm-related genes—biofilm peroxide resistance protein (bsmA), biofilm formation regulatory protein subunit R (bssR), biofilm formation regulatory protein subunit S (bssS), biofilm formation regulator (hmsP), toxin-antitoxin biofilm protein (tabA) and transcriptional activator of curli operon (csgD)—and two virulence factors—Vi antigen-related gene (viaB) and Shiga-like toxin (slt-II)—was investigated by RT-PCR. A. hydrophila displayed a > 2-fold increase in slt-II expression in cells adhering to both polymers, C. freundii adhering on polyethylene displayed a > 2-fold, and on polypropylene a > 6-fold upregulation of slt-II. Thus, the two new isolates are potential pathogens owing to their drug resistance, surface colonization and upregulation of a slt-II-type diarrheal toxin on polymer surfaces.
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Iseppi R, Camellini S, Sabia C, Messi P. Combined antimicrobial use of essential oils and bacteriocin bacLP17 as seafood biopreservative to control Listeria monocytogenes both in planktonic and in sessile forms. Res Microbiol 2020; 171:351-356. [PMID: 32721519 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The antilisterial activity of Thymus vulgaris, Salvia officinalis essential oils (EOs) and bacteriocin bacLP17 (previously isolated from seafood) was determined, using the compounds alone and in combination. The Disk Diffusion, Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Agar Well Diffusion assays were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the compounds against 12 Listeria monocytogenes in planktonic form, whereas the anti-Listeria biofilm activity was determined against the same strains in optical density (O.D.) at 570 nm, with crystal violet staining method. The lowest MIC values resulted for T. vulgaris EO and bacLp17 (0.5 μl/ml and 2 μl/ml, respectively). The combinations with the best results, expressed as FIC-Index, were T. vulgaris/S. officinalis EOs and EOs/bacLp17. The anti-biofilm activity of single EOs and bacLP17 was similar, whereas the combined use of the two kinds of EOs led to a synergistic activity. Lastly, the best anti-biofilm effect was observed with the combination bacLP17/S. officinalis and bacLP17/T. vulgaris, compared to both control and the single use of the EOs. The present study suggests that the combination of natural compounds such as T. vulgaris, S. officinalis EOs and bacLp17 may be a useful approach to the control of planktonic and sessile cells of L. monocytogenes in seafood products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Iseppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Stefania Camellini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Carla Sabia
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Messi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Islam MS, Hu Y, Mizan MFR, Yan T, Nime I, Zhou Y, Li J. Characterization of Salmonella Phage LPST153 That Effectively Targets Most Prevalent Salmonella Serovars. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071089. [PMID: 32708328 PMCID: PMC7409278 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne diseases represent a major risk to public health worldwide. In this study, LPST153, a novel Salmonella lytic phage with halo (indicative of potential depolymerase activity) was isolated by employing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 13311 as the host and had excellent lytic potential against Salmonella. LPST153 is effectively able to lyse most prevalent tested serotypes of Salmonella, including S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Pullorum and S. Gallinarum. Morphological analysis revealed that phage LPST153 belongs to Podoviridae family and Caudovirales order and could completely prevent host bacterial growth within 9 h at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100. LPST153 had a latent period of 10 min and a burst size of 113 ± 8 PFU/cell. Characterization of the phage LPST153 revealed that it would be active and stable in some harsh environments or in different conditions of food processing and storage. After genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, it is confirmed that LPST153 is a new member of the Teseptimavirus genus of Autographivirinae subfamily. Further application experiments showed that this phage has potential in controlling Salmonella in milk and sausage. LPST153 was also able to inhibit the formation of biofilms and it had the ability to reduce and kill bacteria from inside, including existing biofilms. Therefore, the phage LPST153 could be used as a potential antibacterial agent for Salmonella control in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sharifull Islam
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.Y.); (I.N.)
| | - Yang Hu
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK;
| | | | - Ting Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.Y.); (I.N.)
| | - Ishatur Nime
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.Y.); (I.N.)
| | - Yang Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jinquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.Y.); (I.N.)
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065-6399, USA
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Lucero-Mejía JE, Romero-Gómez SDJ, Hernández-Iturriaga M. A new classification criterion for the biofilm formation index: A study of the biofilm dynamics of pathogenic Vibrio species isolated from seafood and food contact surfaces. J Food Sci 2020; 85:2491-2497. [PMID: 32654171 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial biofilm formation index (BFI) is measured by a microtiter plate assay, and it is typically performed at 72 hr. However, the dynamics of biopolymer formation change during this incubation period. The aims of this study were to follow the biofilm formation dynamics of Vibrio strains isolated from samples of seafood and food contact surfaces (FCS) and to propose a new BFI classification criterion. Samples from seafood (136) and FCS (14) were collected from retail markets in Queretaro, Mexico. The presence of Vibrio spp. was determined, the strains were isolated, and the six major pathogenic species (V. cholerae, V. alginolyticus, V. fluvialis, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. mimicus) were identified by PCR. The BFI of the isolates was determined by the microtiter plate method. Fifty-one strains were isolated and identified as V. alginolytivcus (25), V. vulnificus (12), V. cholerae (7), V. parahaemolyticus (6), and V. mimicus (1). A quantitative classification criterion of biofilm formation was proposed based on the following factors: BFI dynamics (no formation, continuous increase, and increase followed by decrease), time of maximum BFI (early: 24 hr; late: 48 to 72 hr), and degree of BFI (none, weak, moderate, and strong). A numerical value was assigned to each factor to correlate the resulting BFI profile with a risk level. Thirteen BFI profiles were observed, having risk level values from 0 to 10. Vibrio alginolyticus, V. cholerae, and V. vulnificus showed the highest BFI profile diversities, which included the riskiest profiles. The proposed BFI criterion describes the dynamics of bacterial biopolymer formation and associates them with the possible risk implications. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: In food processing environments, the presence of bacterial biofilms that could include foodborne pathogens might favor cross-contamination due to direct contact or biofilm dispersal into food products. The new quantitative classification criterion for biofilm formation considers their production dynamics over time, the biofilm quantity, and the level of biofilm dispersal. These characteristics are represented by a numerical value that reflects the level of risk associated with the presence of a biofilm-producing strain on a food contact surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Eduardo Lucero-Mejía
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Sergio de Jesús Romero-Gómez
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Montserrat Hernández-Iturriaga
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, México
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Lee KH, Lee JY, Roy PK, Mizan MFR, Hossain MI, Park SH, Ha SD. Viability of Salmonella Typhimurium biofilms on major food-contact surfaces and eggshell treated during 35 days with and without water storage at room temperature. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4558-4565. [PMID: 32868000 PMCID: PMC7598110 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the main foodborne pathogens that affect humans and farm animals. The Salmonella genus comprises a group of food-transmitted pathogens that cause highly prevalent foodborne diseases throughout the world. The aim of this study was to appraise the viability of Salmonella Typhimurium biofilm under water treatment at room temperature on different surfaces, specifically stainless steel (SS), plastic (PLA), rubber (RB), and eggshell (ES). After 35 D, the reduction of biofilm on SS, PLA, RB, and ES was 3.35, 3.57, 3.22, and 2.55 log CFU/coupon without water treatment and 4.31, 4.49, 3.50, and 1.49 log CFU/coupon with water treatment, respectively. The dR value (time required to reduce bacterial biofilm by 99% via Weibull modeling) of S. Typhimurium without and with water treatment was the lowest on PLA (176.86 and 112.17 h, respectively) and the highest on ES (485.37 and 2,436.52 h, respectively). The viability of the S. Typhimurium on ES and the 3 food-contact surfaces was monitored for 5 wk (35 D). The results of this study provide valuable information for the control of S. Typhimurium on different surfaces in the food industry, which could reduce the risk to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, South Korea
| | - Pantu Kumar Roy
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, South Korea
| | - Md Furkanur Rahaman Mizan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, South Korea
| | - Md Iqbal Hossain
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, South Korea
| | - Si Hong Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 456-756, South Korea.
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Ashrafudoulla M, Mizan MFR, Park SH, Ha SD. Current and future perspectives for controlling Vibrio biofilms in the seafood industry: a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1827-1851. [PMID: 32436440 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1767031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The contamination of seafood with Vibrio species can have severe repercussions in the seafood industry. Vibrio species can form mature biofilms and persist on the surface of several seafoods such as crabs, oysters, mussels, and shrimp, for extended duration. Several conventional approaches have been employed to inhibit the growth of planktonic cells and prevent the formation of Vibrio biofilms. Since Vibrio biofilms are mostly resistant to these control measures, novel alternative methods need to be urgently developed. In this review, we propose environmentally friendly approaches to suppress Vibrio biofilm formation using a hypothesized mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashrafudoulla
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Furkanur Rahaman Mizan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hong Park
- Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Ashrafudoulla M, Mizan MFR, Ha AJW, Park SH, Ha SD. Antibacterial and antibiofilm mechanism of eugenol against antibiotic resistance Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Food Microbiol 2020; 91:103500. [PMID: 32539983 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of eugenol against V. parahaemolyticus planktonic and biofilm cells and the involved mechanisms as well. Atime-kill assay, a biofilm formation assay on the surface of crab shells, an assay to determine the reduction of virulence using eugenol at different concentrations, energy-filtered transmission electron microscope (EF-TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were performed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of eugenol. The results indicated that different concentrations of eugenol (0.1-0.6%) significantly reduced biofilm formation, metabolic activities, and secretion of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), with effective antibacterial effect. Eugenol at 0.4% effectively eradicated the biofilms formed by clinical and environmental V. parahaemolyticus on crab surface by more than 4.5 and 4 log CFU/cm2, respectively. At 0.6% concentration, the reduction rates of metabolic activities for ATCC27969 and NIFS29 were 79% and 68%, respectively. Whereas, the reduction rates of EPS for ATCC27969 and NIFS29 were 78% and 71%, respectively. On visual evaluation, significant results were observed for biofilm reduction, live/dead cell detection, and quorum sensing (QS). This study demonstrated that eugenol can be used to control V. parahaemolyticus biofilms and biofilm-related infections and can be employed for the protection of seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashrafudoulla
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Brain Korea 21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyunggi-do, 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Furkanur Rahaman Mizan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Brain Korea 21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyunggi-do, 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Angela Jie-Won Ha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Brain Korea 21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyunggi-do, 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hong Park
- Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Brain Korea 21 Plus, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyunggi-do, 456-756, Republic of Korea.
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Dumen E, Ekici G, Ergin S, Bayrakal GM. Presence of Foodborne Pathogens in Seafood and Risk Ranking for Pathogens. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 17:541-546. [PMID: 32175783 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims at examining the contamination of coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio vulnificus, and Vibrio cholerae, which carry extremely serious risks to the consumer health, in 700 seafood belonging to 4 different (raw sea fish, raw mussels, raw shrimp, and raw squid) categories. The total number of samples was determined as 700. When the obtained results were viewed in total, they were found to be 48.14%, 18.71%, 8.57%, and 3.42% for coliform bacteria, E. coli, L. monocytogenes, and V. vulnificus, respectively. V. cholerae, one of the factors studied, was not found. Conventional microbiological cultivation methods were used in the analysis stage as well as the real-time PCR method. This study aims at making a risk ranking modeling for consumer health based on product category and pathogens by interpreting the results of the analysis with statistical methods. According to the statistical analysis, significantly binary correlations were determined among some parameters that stimulate one another for reproducing. In the light of the obtained results of the study, it has been concluded that the studies of the most detailed examinations of the microbiological risks associated with seafood, forms of microbial pollution and microorganisms that cause deterioration in seafood and threaten consumer health and the path that their epidemiologies follow, are of primary importance to both protecting consumer health and obtaining safe and quality seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emek Dumen
- Faculty of Veterinary, Food Hygiene and Technologies, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gozde Ekici
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Ergin
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Microbiology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulay Merve Bayrakal
- Faculty of Veterinary, Food Hygiene and Technologies, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hossain MI, Mizan MFR, Ashrafudoulla M, Nahar S, Joo HJ, Jahid IK, Park SH, Kim KS, Ha SD. Inhibitory effects of probiotic potential lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi against Listeria monocytogenes biofilm on lettuce, stainless-steel surfaces, and MBEC™ biofilm device. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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