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Nadeem ZA, Ashraf H, Ashfaq H, Fatima E, Larik MO, UrRehman O, Ashraf A, Nadeem A. Temporal Trends and Regional Variations in Mortality Related to Guillain-Barré Syndrome in the United States: A Retrospective Study From 1999 to 2020. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-12. [PMID: 39235145 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2401422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
AimGuillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune neurological disorder, with an estimated 6.4% increase in cases worldwide from 1990 to 2019. We aim to identify the GBS-related mortality trends in the US stratified by age, sex, race, and region.MethodsWe used data from the CDC-WONDER database to calculate crude (CMR) and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 1,000,000 people. We examined the temporal trends through annual percent change (APC) and the average annual percent change (AAPC) in rates using Joinpoint regression.ResultsFrom 1999 to 2020, a total of 10,097 GBS-related deaths occurred in the US. The AAMR decreased till 2014 (APC: -1.91) but increased back to initial levels by 2020 (APC: 3.77). AAMR was higher in males (1.7) than females (1.1), decreasing till 2015 for females and 2014 for males, but increasing thereafter only for females. Non-Hispanic (NH) American Indians or Alaska Natives displayed the highest AAMR (1.8) while NH Asians or Pacific Islanders displayed the lowest (0.6). AAMRs also varied by region (West: 1.5; South: 1.5; Midwest: 1.4; Northeast: 1.1). Rural regions exhibited a higher AAMR (1.7) than Urban regions (1.3). Most deaths occurred in medical facilities (60.99%). The adults aged ≥85 years exhibited an alarmingly high CMR (14.0).ConclusionsWhile the mortality rates for GBS initially declined till 2014, they climbed back up afterwards. Highest mortality was exhibited by males and NH American Indians or Alaska Natives, residents of rural regions, and adults ≥85 years. Equitable efforts are needed to reduce the burden on high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Ali Nadeem
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Ashraf
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Pakistan
| | - Haider Ashfaq
- Department of Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Pakistan
| | - Eeshal Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | | | - Obaid UrRehman
- Department of Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Ali Ashraf
- Department of Medicine, Punjab Medical College, Pakistan
| | - Aimen Nadeem
- Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Pakistan
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Ed-Dra A, Abdallah EM, Sulieman AME, Anarghou H. Harnessing medicinal plant compounds for the control of Campylobacter in foods: a comprehensive review. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10455-4. [PMID: 38954256 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Campylobacter is a major foodborne and zoonotic pathogen, causing severe human infections and imposing a substantial economic burden on global public health. The ongoing spread and emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains across various fields exacerbate therapeutic challenges, raising the incidence of diseases and fatalities. Medicinal plants, renowned for their abundance in secondary metabolites, exhibit proven efficacy in inhibiting various foodborne and zoonotic pathogens, presenting sustainable alternatives to ensure food safety. This review aims to synthesize recent insights from peer-reviewed journals on the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species, elucidate the in vitro antibacterial activity of medicinal plant compounds against Campylobacter by delineating underlying mechanisms, and explore the application of these compounds in controlling Campylobacter in food. Additionally, we discuss recent advancements and future prospects of employing medicinal plant compounds in food products to mitigate foodborne pathogens, particularly Campylobacter. In conclusion, we argue that medicinal plant compounds can be used as effective and sustainable sources for developing new antimicrobial alternatives to counteract the dissemination of MDR Campylobacter strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ed-Dra
- Laboratory of Engineering and Applied Technologies, Higher School of Technology, M'ghila Campus, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, 23000, Morocco.
- Team of Microbiology and Health, Laboratory of Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismail University, Zitoune, Meknes, 50000, Morocco.
| | - Emad M Abdallah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Qassim, 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, 71800, Malaysia
| | | | - Hammou Anarghou
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, 23000, Morocco
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques Dakhla Annex, Dakhla, Morocco
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3
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Zainol MFA, Safiyanu MB, Aziz SA, Omar AR, Chuang KP, Mariatulqabtiah AR. Campylobacteriosis and Control Strategies against Campylobacters in Poultry Farms. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:987-993. [PMID: 38719774 PMCID: PMC11180925 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2311.11045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is a significant foodborne illness caused by Campylobacter bacteria. It is one of the most common bacterial causes of gastroenteritis worldwide, with poultry being a major reservoir and source of infection in humans. In poultry farms, Campylobacters colonize the intestinal tract of chickens and contaminate meat during processing. Vaccines under development against Campylobacters in poultry showed partial or no protection against their cecal colonization. Therefore, this review will elaborate on campylobacteriosis and emphasize the control strategies and recent vaccine trials against Campylobacters in poultry farms. The epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of Campylobacter infection, along with specific mention of poultry Campylobacter contamination events in Malaysia, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Fadzirul Anwar Zainol
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mansur Bala Safiyanu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Science Engineering and Technology, Federal Polytechnic Daura, P.M.B 1049, Daura, Katsina State, Nigeria
| | - Saleha Abd Aziz
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kuo Pin Chuang
- International Degree Program in Animal Vaccine Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Companion Animal Research Centre, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Abdul Razak Mariatulqabtiah
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Steinbach A, Kun J, Urbán P, Palkovics T, Polgár B, Schneider G. Molecular Responses of the Eukaryotic Cell Line INT407 on the Internalized Campylobacter jejuni-The Other Side of the Coin. Pathogens 2024; 13:386. [PMID: 38787238 PMCID: PMC11124400 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a zoonotic bacterium with the capacity to invade the epithelial cells during the pathogenic process. Several bacterial factors have been identified to contribute to this process, but our knowledge is still very limited about the response of the host. To reveal the major routes of this response, a whole-transcriptome analysis (WTA) was performed where gene expressions were compared between the 1st and the 3rd hours of internalization in INT407 epithelial cells. From the 41,769 human genes tested, altogether, 19,060 genes were shown through WTA to be influenced to different extents. The genes and regulation factors of transcription (296/1052; 28%), signal transduction (215/1052; 21%), apoptosis (153/1052; 15%), immune responses (97/1052; 9%), transmembrane transport (64/1052; 6%), cell-cell signaling (32/1052; 3%), cell-cell adhesions (29/1052; 3%), and carbohydrate metabolism (28/1052; 3%) were the most affected biological functions. A striking feature of the gene expression of this stage of the internalization process is the activation of both immune functions and apoptosis, which convincingly outlines that the invaded cell faces a choice between death and survival. The seemingly balanced status quo between the invader and the host is the result of a complex process that also affects genes known to be associated with postinfectious pathological conditions. The upregulation of TLR3 (3.79×) and CD36 (2.73×), two general tumor markers, and SERPINEB9 (11.37×), FNDC1 (7.58×), and TACR2 (8.84×), three factors of tumorigenesis, confirms the wider pathological significance of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Steinbach
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.S.); (T.P.); (B.P.)
| | - József Kun
- Hungarian Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (J.K.); (P.U.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Urbán
- Hungarian Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (J.K.); (P.U.)
| | - Tamás Palkovics
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.S.); (T.P.); (B.P.)
| | - Beáta Polgár
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.S.); (T.P.); (B.P.)
| | - György Schneider
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.S.); (T.P.); (B.P.)
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Yeh HY, Cox NA, Hinton A, Berrang ME. Detection and Distribution of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) in Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Chicken Livers. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100250. [PMID: 38382707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading foodborne bacterial pathogen that causes human gastroenteritis worldwide linked to the consumption of undercooked broiler livers. Application of bacteriophages during poultry production has been used as an alternative approach to reduce contamination of poultry meat by Campylobacter. To make this approach effective, understanding the presence of the bacteriophage sequences in the CRISPR spacers in C. jejuni is critical as they may confer bacterial resistance to bacteriophage treatment. Therefore, in this study, we explored the distribution of the CRISPR arrays from 178 C. jejuni isolated from chicken livers between January and July 2018. Genomic DNA of C. jejuni isolates was extracted, and CRISPR type 1 sequences were amplified by PCR. Amplicons were purified and sequenced by the Sanger dideoxy sequencing method. Direct repeats (DRs) and spacers of CRISPR sequences were identified using the CRISPRFinder program. Further, spacer sequences were submitted to the CRISPRTarget to identify potential homology to bacteriophage types. Even though CRISPR-Cas is reportedly not an active system in Campylobacter, a total of 155 (87%) C. jejuni isolates were found to harbor CRISPR sequences; one type of DR was identified in all 155 isolates. The CRISPR loci lengths ranged from 97 to 431 nucleotides. The numbers of spacers ranged from one to six. A total of 371 spacer sequences were identified in the 155 isolates that could be grouped into 51 distinctive individual sequences. Further comparison of these 51 spacer sequences with those in databases showed that most spacer sequences were homologous to Campylobacter bacteriophage DA10. The results of our study provide important information relative to the development of an effective bacteriophage treatment to mitigate Campylobacter during poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yueh Yeh
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605-2720, USA.
| | - Nelson A Cox
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605-2720, USA
| | - Arthur Hinton
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605-2720, USA
| | - Mark E Berrang
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605-2720, USA
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Sodagari HR, Agrawal I, Sohail MN, Yudhanto S, Varga C. Monitoring antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter isolates of chickens and turkeys at the slaughter establishment level across the United States, 2013-2021. Epidemiol Infect 2024; 152:e41. [PMID: 38403893 PMCID: PMC10945939 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268824000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Foodborne infections with antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter spp. remain an important public health concern. Publicly available data collected by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for Enteric Bacteria related to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Campylobacter spp. isolated from broiler chickens and turkeys at the slaughterhouse level across the United States between 2013 and 2021 were analysed. A total of 1,899 chicken-origin (1,031 Campylobacter coli (C. coli) and 868 Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni)) and 798 turkey-origin (673 C. coli and 123 C. jejuni) isolates were assessed. Chicken isolates exhibited high resistance to tetracycline (43.65%), moderate resistance to ciprofloxacin (19.5%), and low resistance to clindamycin (4.32%) and azithromycin (3.84%). Turkey isolates exhibited very high resistance to tetracycline (69%) and high resistance to ciprofloxacin (39%). The probability of resistance to all tested antimicrobials, except for tetracycline, significantly decreased during the latter part of the study period. Turkey-origin Campylobacter isolates had higher odds of resistance to all antimicrobials than isolates from chickens. Compared to C. jejuni isolates, C. coli isolates had higher odds of resistance to all antimicrobials, except for ciprofloxacin. The study findings emphasize the need for poultry-type-specific strategies to address differences in AMR among Campylobacter isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid R. Sodagari
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Isha Agrawal
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mohammad N. Sohail
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Setyo Yudhanto
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Suominen K, Häkkänen T, Ranta J, Ollgren J, Kivistö R, Perko-Mäkelä P, Salmenlinna S, Rimhanen-Finne R. Campylobacteriosis in Finland: Passive Surveillance in 2004-2021 and a Pilot Case-Control Study with Whole-Genome Sequencing in Summer 2022. Microorganisms 2024; 12:132. [PMID: 38257959 PMCID: PMC11154465 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis causes a significant disease burden in humans worldwide and is the most common type of zoonotic gastroenteritis in Finland. To identify infection sources for domestic Campylobacter infections, we analyzed Campylobacter case data from the Finnish Infectious Disease Register (FIDR) in 2004-2021 and outbreak data from the National Food- and Waterborne Outbreak Register (FWO Register) in 2010-2021, and conducted a pilot case-control study (256 cases and 756 controls) with source attribution and patient sample analysis using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in July-August 2022. In the FIDR, 41% of the cases lacked information on travel history. Based on the case-control study, we estimated that of all cases, 39% were of domestic origin. Using WGS, 22 clusters of two or more cases were observed among 185 domestic cases, none of which were reported to the FWO register. Based on this case-control study and source attribution, poultry is an important source of campylobacteriosis in Finland. More extensive sampling and comparison of patient, food, animal, and environmental isolates is needed to estimate the significance of other sources. In Finland, campylobacteriosis is more often of domestic origin than FIDR notifications indicate. To identify the domestic cases, travel information should be included in the FIDR notification, and to improve outbreak detection, all domestic patient isolates should be sequenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Suominen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (T.H.); (J.O.); (S.S.); (R.R.-F.)
| | - Tessa Häkkänen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (T.H.); (J.O.); (S.S.); (R.R.-F.)
| | - Jukka Ranta
- Risk Assessment Unit, Finnish Food Authority, Mustialankatu 3, 00790 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Jukka Ollgren
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (T.H.); (J.O.); (S.S.); (R.R.-F.)
| | - Rauni Kivistö
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00790 Helsinki, Finland;
| | | | - Saara Salmenlinna
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (T.H.); (J.O.); (S.S.); (R.R.-F.)
| | - Ruska Rimhanen-Finne
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; (T.H.); (J.O.); (S.S.); (R.R.-F.)
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Awad A, Yeh HY, Ramadan H, Rothrock MJ. Genotypic characterization, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence determinants of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from pastured poultry farms. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1271551. [PMID: 38029099 PMCID: PMC10668334 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1271551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Campylobacter is the leading bacterial pathogen that causes foodborne illnesses worldwide. Pasture farming is regarded as an important source of agricultural production for small farming communities. Consumer preference for pasture-raised animal products has increased; however, there is a paucity of information on the microbiological quality of pasture-raised poultry products. The purpose of this study was to explore genetic relatedness of thermophilic Campylobacter isolates, to assess antibiotic resistance phenotypically and genotypically, and to screen the presence of virulence determinants of Campylobacter isolates from pasture-raised poultry farms from southeastern United States. Methods Ninety-seven Campylobacter isolates previously identified by Q7 BAX® System Real-Time PCR were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Campylobacter isolates were then evaluated for their phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility against nine antimicrobial agents using Sensititre plates. Additionally, Campylobacter isolates were tested for the presence of antimicrobial resistance-associated elements. Furthermore, Campylobacter isolates were screened for the presence of 13 genes encoding putative virulence factors by PCR. These included genes involved in motility (flaA and flhA), adhesion and colonization (cadF, docC, racR, and virB11), toxin production (cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, wlaN, and ceuE) and invasion (ciaB and iamA). Results Among 97 Campylobacter isolates, Campylobacter jejuni (n = 79) and Campylobacter coli (n = 18) were identified. By MLST, C. jejuni isolates were assigned to seven clonal complexes. Among them, ST-353, ST-607 and ST-21 were the most common STs recognized. All C. coli (n = 18) isolates were included in CC-828. Interestingly, eight STs identified were not belonging any previous identified clonal complex. Campylobacter isolates displayed a high resistance rate against tetracycline (81.4%), while a low rate of resistance was observed against macrolides (azithromycin and erythromycin), quinolones and fluoroquinolones (nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin), aminoglycosides (gentamicin), ketolide (telithromycin), amphenicol (florfenicol) and lincomycin (clindamycin). Thirteen isolates (13.54%) were pan-susceptible to all tested antibiotics, while nine isolates were multi-antimicrobial resistant (MAR; resist to three or more antimicrobial classes). Interestingly, there were no isolates resistant to all antimicrobial classes. Thr86Ile mutation was identified in all quinolones resistant strains. Erythromycin encoding gene (ermB) was identified in 75% of erythromycin resistant isolates. The A2075 mutation was detected in one erythromycin resistant strain, while A2074 could not be identified. The tetO gene was identified in 93.7% of tetracycline resistant isolates and six tetracycline susceptible isolates. In conclusion, the results of this study revealed that Campylobacter isolates from pasture-raised poultry farms showed the ST relatedness to Campylobacter isolates commonly associated with humans, indicating pasture-raised broiler flocks, similar to conventionally-reared broiler flocks, as a potential vector for antibiotic-resistant and pathogenic strains of thermophilic Campylobacter to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Awad
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hung-Yueh Yeh
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hazem Ramadan
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Michael J. Rothrock
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, United States
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Lin S, Li J, Zhou F, Tan BK, Zheng B, Hu J. K 6[P 2Mo 18O 62] as DNase-Mimetic Artificial Nucleases to Promote Extracellular Deoxyribonucleic Acid Degradation in Bacterial Biofilms. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:33966-33974. [PMID: 37744825 PMCID: PMC10515355 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, the DNase-like activity of the Dawson-type polyoxometalate K6[P2Mo18O62] was explored. The obtained findings demonstrated that K6[P2Mo18O62] could effectively cleave phosphoester bonds in the DNA model substrate (4-nitrophenyl phosphate) and result in the degradation of plasmid DNA. Moreover, the application potential of this Dawson-type polyoxometalate as a DNase-mimetic artificial enzyme to degrade extracellular DNA (eDNA) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial biofilm was explored. The results demonstrated that K6[P2Mo18O62] exhibited high cleavage ability toward eDNA secreted by E. coli and thus eradicated the bacterial biofilm. In conclusion, Dawson-type polyoxometalate K6[P2Mo18O62] possessed desirable DNase-like activity, which could serve as a bacterial biofilm eradication agent by cleaving and degrading eDNA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoling Lin
- College
of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and
Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jing Li
- College
of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and
Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- College
of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and
Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Bee K. Tan
- College
of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K.
| | - Baodong Zheng
- College
of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and
Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- College
of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and
Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College
of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K.
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10
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Cho H, Lee SH, Lee JH, Lee SJ, Park SC. Epidemiologic and Clinical Features of Campylobacter Enteritis Before and During COVID-19 in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e67. [PMID: 36880108 PMCID: PMC9988435 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increase in meals at home due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pattern and incidence of enteritis seemed to change. Some types of enteritis, such as Campylobacter enteritis, appear to have increased. Our study aimed to evaluate the change in the trend of enteritis, especially Campylobacter enteritis, before COVID-19 (2016-2019) and at the present time during COVID-19 in South Korea. METHODS We analyzed data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. From 2016 to 2020, the International Classification of Diseases codes related to enteritis were examined to distinguish bacterial and viral enteritis and the trends of each were analyzed. The aspects of enteritis, before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, were compared. RESULTS Both bacterial and viral enteritis declined in all age groups from 2016 to 2020 (P < 0.001). In 2020, the reduction rate of viral enteritis was higher than that of bacterial enteritis. However, unlike other causes of enteritis, even after COVID-19, Campylobacter enteritis increased in all age groups. An increase of Campylobacter enteritis in 2020 was particularly noticeable in children and adolescents. The prevalence of viral and bacterial enteritis was higher in urban areas than in rural areas (P < 0.001). Campylobacter enteritis was more common in the rural areas (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Although the prevalence of bacterial and viral enteritis have decreased in COVID-19, Campylobacter enteritis has increased in all age groups and in rural areas compared to urban areas. Recognizing that the trend of Campylobacter enteritis before and during COVID-19 is helpful for future public health measures and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseok Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sung Joon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sung Chul Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.
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11
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Disease Occurrence in- and the Transferal of Zoonotic Agents by North American Feedlot Cattle. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040904. [PMID: 36832978 PMCID: PMC9956193 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
North America is a large producer of beef and contains approximately 12% of the world's cattle inventory. Feedlots are an integral part of modern cattle production in North America, producing a high-quality, wholesome protein food for humans. Cattle, during their final stage, are fed readily digestible high-energy density rations in feedlots. Cattle in feedlots are susceptible to certain zoonotic diseases that impact cattle health, growth performance, and carcass characteristics, as well as human health. Diseases are often transferred amongst pen-mates, but they can also originate from the environment and be spread by vectors or fomites. Pathogen carriage in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle often leads to direct or indirect contamination of foods and the feedlot environment. This leads to the recirculation of these pathogens that have fecal-oral transmission within a feedlot cattle population for an extended time. Salmonella, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter are commonly associated with animal-derived foods and can be transferred to humans through several routes such as contact with infected cattle and the consumption of contaminated meat. Brucellosis, anthrax, and leptospirosis, significant but neglected zoonotic diseases with debilitating impacts on human and animal health, are also discussed.
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12
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Ferguson M, Hsu CK, Grim C, Kauffman M, Jarvis K, Pettengill JB, Babu US, Harrison LM, Li B, Hayford A, Balan KV, Freeman JP, Rajashekara G, Lipp EK, Rozier RS, Zimeri AM, Burall LS. A longitudinal study to examine the influence of farming practices and environmental factors on pathogen prevalence using structural equation modeling. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1141043. [PMID: 37089556 PMCID: PMC10117993 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1141043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The contamination of fresh produce with foodborne pathogens has been an on-going concern with outbreaks linked to these commodities. Evaluation of farm practices, such as use of manure, irrigation water source, and other factors that could influence pathogen prevalence in the farming environment could lead to improved mitigation strategies to reduce the potential for contamination events. Soil, water, manure, and compost were sampled from farms in Ohio and Georgia to identify the prevalence of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), Campylobacter, and Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), as well as Arcobacter, an emerging human pathogen. This study investigated agricultural practices to determine which influenced pathogen prevalence, i.e., the percent positive samples. These efforts identified a low prevalence of Salmonella, STEC, and Campylobacter in soil and water (< 10%), preventing statistical modeling of these pathogens. However, Lm and Arcobacter were found in soil (13 and 7%, respectively), manure (49 and 32%, respectively), and water samples (18 and 39%, respectively) at a comparatively higher prevalence, suggesting different dynamics are involved in their survival in the farm environment. Lm and Arcobacter prevalence data, soil chemical characteristics, as well as farm practices and weather, were analyzed using structural equation modeling to identify which factors play a role, directly or indirectly, on the prevalence of these pathogens. These analyses identified an association between pathogen prevalence and weather, as well as biological soil amendments of animal origin. Increasing air temperature increased Arcobacter and decreased Lm. Lm prevalence was found to be inversely correlated with the use of surface water for irrigation, despite a high Lm prevalence in surface water suggesting other factors may play a role. Furthermore, Lm prevalence increased when the microbiome's Simpson's Diversity Index decreased, which occurred as soil fertility increased, leading to an indirect positive effect for soil fertility on Lm prevalence. These results suggest that pathogen, environment, and farm management practices, in addition to produce commodities, all need to be considered when developing mitigation strategies. The prevalence of Arcobacter and Lm versus the other pathogens suggests that multiple mitigation strategies may need to be employed to control these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Ferguson
- Office of Analytics and Outreach, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Chiun-Kang Hsu
- Office of Applied Safety and Research Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Christopher Grim
- Office of Applied Safety and Research Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Michael Kauffman
- Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Karen Jarvis
- Office of Applied Safety and Research Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - James B. Pettengill
- Office of Analytics and Outreach, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Uma S. Babu
- Office of Applied Safety and Research Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Lisa M. Harrison
- Office of Applied Safety and Research Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Baoguang Li
- Office of Applied Safety and Research Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Alice Hayford
- Office of Applied Safety and Research Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Kannan V. Balan
- Office of Applied Safety and Research Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Josefina P. Freeman
- Office of Applied Safety and Research Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Erin K. Lipp
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ralph Scott Rozier
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Anne Marie Zimeri
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Laurel S. Burall
- Office of Applied Safety and Research Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Laurel S. Burall,
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13
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Liu F, Lee SA, Xue J, Riordan SM, Zhang L. Global epidemiology of campylobacteriosis and the impact of COVID-19. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:979055. [PMID: 36519137 PMCID: PMC9742372 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.979055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is a gastroenteritis caused by pathogenic Campylobacter species and an important topic in public health. Here we review the global epidemiology of campylobacteriosis in the last eight years between 2014-2021, providing comprehensive and updated information on the reported incidence and outbreaks of Campylobacter infections. The government public health website of each of the 195 countries and publications from 2014 to September 2022 in public databases were searched. The reported incidence of campylobacteriosis in pre-COVID-19 years was compared to that during the COVID-19 pandemic in countries where data were available. Czech Republic had the highest reported incidence of campylobacteriosis worldwide (215 per 100,000 in 2019), followed by Australia (146.8 per 100,000 in 2016) and New Zealand (126.1 per 100,000 in 2019). Campylobacter was one of the most common human enteric pathogens in both developed and developing countries. About 90% of cases of campylobacteriosis were caused by Campylobacter jejuni, whereas less than 10% of cases were caused by Campylobacter coli. Other Campylobacter species were also isolated. The reported incidence and case numbers of campylobacteriosis in developed nations have remained steadily high prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, whilst some countries reported an increasing trend such as France and Japan. While outbreaks were more frequently reported in some countries, Campylobacter infections were mainly sporadic cases in most of the developed countries. Campylobacter infection was more common in summer in some but not all countries. Campylobacter infection was more common in males than females. The COVID-19 pandemic has reduced the reported incidence of campylobacteriosis in most countries where 2020 epidemiology data were available. In conclusion, Campylobacter infection remains a global health concern. Increased research and improved strategies are needed for prevention and reduction of Campylobacter infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Seul A. Lee
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica Xue
- Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen M. Riordan
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,*Correspondence: Li Zhang,
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14
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Foodborne illness outbreaks linked to unpasteurised milk and relationship to changes in state laws - United States, 1998-2018. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:e183. [PMID: 36280604 PMCID: PMC9987020 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268822001649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of unpasteurised milk in the United States has presented a public health challenge for decades because of the increased risk of pathogen transmission causing illness outbreaks. We analysed Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System data to characterise unpasteurised milk outbreaks. Using Poisson and negative binomial regression, we compared the number of outbreaks and outbreak-associated illnesses between jurisdictions grouped by legal status of unpasteurised milk sale based on a May 2019 survey of state laws. During 2013-2018, 75 outbreaks with 675 illnesses occurred that were linked to unpasteurised milk; of these, 325 illnesses (48%) were among people aged 0-19 years. Of 74 single-state outbreaks, 58 (78%) occurred in states where the sale of unpasteurised milk was expressly allowed. Compared with jurisdictions where retail sales were prohibited (n = 24), those where sales were expressly allowed (n = 27) were estimated to have 3.2 (95% CI 1.4-7.6) times greater number of outbreaks; of these, jurisdictions where sale was allowed in retail stores (n = 14) had 3.6 (95% CI 1.3-9.6) times greater number of outbreaks compared with those where sale was allowed on-farm only (n = 13). This study supports findings of previously published reports indicating that state laws resulting in increased availability of unpasteurised milk are associated with more outbreak-associated illnesses and outbreaks.
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15
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Asakura H, Yamamoto S, Yamada K, Kawase J, Nakamura H, Abe KI, Sasaki Y, Ikeda T, Nomoto R. Quantitative detection and genetic characterization of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. in fresh chicken meats at retail in Japan. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1014212. [PMID: 36299715 PMCID: PMC9589359 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1014212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli are one of the leading causes of gastrointestinal illnesses, and which are considered to be transmitted to humans mainly from chicken meats. Considering the less availability of quantitative contamination data in the retail chicken meats in Japan, 510 fresh chicken meats retailed at five distinct regions in Japan between June 2019 and March 2021 were examined. The quantitative testing resulted that 45.7% of the samples (254/510) were positive at mean ± standard deviation of 1.15 ± 1.03 logCFU/g, whereas 43 samples (8.4%) exceeded 3.0 logCFU/g. Seasonal comparison revealed increased bacterial counts in fall compared with spring and summer. As for the chicken slaughter age, those slaughtered at >75 days old were less contaminated than those at <75 days old. Genome sequencing analyses of 111 representative C. jejuni isolates resulted in the detection of three antimicrobial resistance genes (gyrA substitution T86I, tetO and blaOXA-61) at 25.2, 27.9 and 42.3%, respectively. In silico MLST analysis revealed the predominance of sequence types (ST)-21 clonal complex (CC), followed by ST-45CC and ST-464CC. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogenetic tree largely classified the sequenced C. jejuni isolates into two clusters (I and II), where all C. jejuni from highly contaminated samples (STs-21CC, -22CC and -45CC) belonged to cluster I, independent of both season and slaughter age. To our knowledge, this is the first example to study the current status of Campylobacter contamination levels in fresh chicken meats retailed in Japan. Our data would be contributable to future quantitative microbial risk assessment, to establish effective control measures for campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Asakura
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hiroshi Asakura,
| | - Shiori Yamamoto
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamada
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, Aichi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jun Kawase
- Department of Bacteriology, Shimane Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kou-ichiro Abe
- Kawasaki City Institute of Public Health, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Sasaki
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikeda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nomoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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16
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Possas A, Pérez-Rodríguez F. New insights into Cross-contamination of Fresh-Produce. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Draft Genome Sequence of Campylobacter jejuni ST-508 Strain Shizu21005, Isolated from an Asymptomatic Food Handler in Japan, 2021. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0031622. [PMID: 35546117 PMCID: PMC9202431 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00316-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a draft genome sequence of Campylobacter jejuni strain Shizu21005, isolated from a food handler with no symptoms in Japan on March 2021. Its genome size was 1,656,785 bp, with 2 rRNAs, 35 tRNAs, and a coverage of 330×.
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18
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Liu R, Zhang F, Sang Y, Katouzian I, Jafari SM, Wang X, Li W, Wang J, Mohammadi Z. Screening, identification, and application of nucleic acid aptamers applied in food safety biosensing. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Sanchez E, Simpson RB, Zhang Y, Sallade LE, Naumova EN. Exploring Risk Factors of Recall-Associated Foodborne Disease Outbreaks in the United States, 2009-2019. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19094947. [PMID: 35564342 PMCID: PMC9099668 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Earlier identification and removal of contaminated food products is crucial in reducing economic burdens of foodborne outbreaks. Recalls are a safety measure that is deployed to prevent foodborne illnesses. However, few studies have examined temporal trends in recalls or compared risk factors between non-recall and recall outbreaks in the United States, due to disparate and often incomplete surveillance records in publicly reported data. We demonstrated the usability of the electronic Foodborne Outbreak Reporting System (eFORS) and National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) for describing temporal trends and outbreak risk factors of food recalls in 1998−2019. We examined monthly trends between surveillance systems by using segmented time-series analyses. We compared the risk factors (e.g., multistate outbreak, contamination supply chain stage, pathogen etiology, and food products) of recalls and non-recalls by using logistic regression models. Out of 22,972 outbreaks, 305 (1.3%) resulted in recalls and 9378 (41%) had missing recall information. However, outbreaks with missing recall information decreased at an accelerating rate of ~25%/month in 2004−2009 and at a decelerating rate of ~13%/month after the transition from eFORS to NORS in 2009−2019. Irrespective of the contaminant etiology, multistate outbreaks according to the residence of ill persons had odds 11.00−13.50 times (7.00, 21.60) that of single-state outbreaks resulting in a recall (p < 0.001) when controlling for all risk factors. Electronic reporting has improved the availability of food recall data, yet retrospective investigations of historical records are needed. The investigation of recalls enhances public health professionals’ understanding of their annual financial burden and improves outbreak prediction analytics to reduce the likelihood and severity of recalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Sanchez
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (R.B.S.); (Y.Z.); (L.E.S.)
- Army Medical Department Student Detachment, U.S. Army Medical Center of Excellence, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (E.N.N.); Tel.: +1-(608)-449-3194 (E.S.); +1-617-636-2927 (E.N.N.)
| | - Ryan B. Simpson
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (R.B.S.); (Y.Z.); (L.E.S.)
| | - Yutong Zhang
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (R.B.S.); (Y.Z.); (L.E.S.)
| | - Lauren E. Sallade
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (R.B.S.); (Y.Z.); (L.E.S.)
| | - Elena N. Naumova
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (R.B.S.); (Y.Z.); (L.E.S.)
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (E.N.N.); Tel.: +1-(608)-449-3194 (E.S.); +1-617-636-2927 (E.N.N.)
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20
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Yeh HY, Cox NA, Hinton A, Berrang ME, Plumblee Lawrence JR, Thompson TM. Prevalence and Characterization of Quinolone Resistance in Campylobacter spp. Isolates in Chicken Livers from Retail Stores in Georgia, USA. J Food Prot 2022; 85:406-413. [PMID: 34818407 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Campylobacter is a bacterial pathogen that causes human foodborne illnesses worldwide, and outbreaks have been associated with consumption of undercooked chicken livers. The objectives of this study were to compare two PCR assays of 250 Campylobacter isolates for identification to species, to assess antibiotic resistance of the isolates, and to analyze genetic diversity of the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs) of the isolates. A double-blind design was used to identify the species of Campylobacter; 181 (72%) of the isolates were identified as Campylobacter jejuni, and 69 (28%) isolates were identified as Campylobacter coli by both PCR assays. A total of 93 (37.2%) isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Among 88 C. jejuni isolates, 33 (18%) were resistant to nalidixic acid (NAL) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), 25 (14%) were resistant to tetracycline (TET), and 18 (10%) were resistant to NAL and TET. Two C. jejuni isolates were resistant to four of the tested antibiotics, and one isolate was resistant to five antibiotics. Two C. coli isolates were resistant to TET, and two were resistant to NAL, CIP, and TET. The amino acid sequences of the QRDRs for the isolates had eight point mutations and could be classified into 12 groups. Thirty-eight C. jejuni isolates resistant to NAL and CIP had a point mutation at residue 86 (substitution from threonine to isoleucine). However, six isolates without this substitution were resistant to NAL and/or CIP. Ten isolates with a point mutation at residue 86 were susceptible to NAL and CIP. This observation suggests that in addition to the substitution at residue 86 other mechanisms may confer resistance to quinolones. Further studies are needed to elucidate mechanisms for quinolone resistance in Campylobacter. The Campylobacter spp. isolated from chicken livers in this study were resistant to quinolones and other classes of antibiotics. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yueh Yeh
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, 950 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605-2720, USA
| | - Nelson A Cox
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, 950 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605-2720, USA
| | - Arthur Hinton
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, 950 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605-2720, USA
| | - Mark E Berrang
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, 950 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605-2720, USA
| | - Jodie R Plumblee Lawrence
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, 950 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605-2720, USA
| | - Tori M Thompson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, 950 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605-2720, USA
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21
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Marmion M, Macori G, Ferone M, Whyte P, Scannell A. Survive and thrive: Control mechanisms that facilitate bacterial adaptation to survive manufacturing-related stress. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 368:109612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Icen H, Corbo MR, Sinigaglia M, Korkmaz BIO, Bevilacqua A. Using Microbial Responses Viewer and a Regression Approach to Assess the Effect of pH, Activity of Water and Temperature on the Survival of Campylobacter spp. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050637. [PMID: 35267270 PMCID: PMC8909359 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at developing a model for evaluating the survival of various Campylobacter jejuni strains under different conditions in culture media and poultry data from ComBase. Campylobacter data of culture media (116) and poultry (19) were collected from Microbial Responses Viewer, an additional tool of ComBase. The Weibull equation was selected as a suitable model for the analysis of survival data because of the nonlinearity of survival curves. Then, the fitting parameters (first reduction time and shape parameter) were analysed through a Kruskall–Wallis test and box-whisker plots, thus pointing out the existence of two classes of temperature (0–12 °C and 15–25 °C) and pH (4–6.5 and 7–7.5) acting on the viability of C. jejuni. Finally, a general regression model was used to build a comprehensive function; all factors were significant, but temperature was the most significant variable, followed by pH and water activity. In addition, desirability and prediction profiles highlighted a negative correlation of the first reduction time with temperature and a positive correlation with pH and water activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayrunisa Icen
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul 34854, Turkey;
| | - Maria Rosaria Corbo
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.R.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Milena Sinigaglia
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.R.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Burcu Irem Omurtag Korkmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul 34854, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (B.I.O.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonio Bevilacqua
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.R.C.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (B.I.O.K.); (A.B.)
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23
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Chen L, Sun L, Zhang R, Liao N, Qi X, Chen J. Surveillance for foodborne disease outbreaks in Zhejiang Province, China, 2015-2020. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:135. [PMID: 35045858 PMCID: PMC8769373 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Foodborne diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality and a major public health problem worldwide. We aim to explore characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks (FBDOs) in Zhejiang Province and to provide data support for foodborne disease prevention and control. To our knowledge, few such analyses have been published at the provincial level. Methods Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the data reported by centers for disease control (CDC) at all levels in Zhejiang Province through Foodborne Disease Outbreaks Surveillance System (FDOSS) during 2015–2020. Results A total of 962 FBDOs were reported during this period, resulting in 8324 illnesses, 1028 hospitalizations, and 20 deaths. The number of outbreaks (410 outbreaks, 42.62%) and cases (4991 cases, 59.96%) caused by bacteria were the largest, followed by poisonous mushrooms (157 outbreaks, 587 cases), which was the main cause of death (15 deaths, 75%). The highest number of FBDOs occurred in households (381 outbreaks, 39.60%), followed by restaurants (219 outbreaks, 22.77%) and canteens (174 outbreaks, 18.08%). Animal-based foods were the most common single food reported (232 outbreaks, 24.12%), followed by poisonous mushrooms (162 outbreaks, 16.84%), and plant-based foods (133 outbreaks, 13.83%). Poisonous mushrooms took the first place in outbreaks in households (38.32%, 146/381), while bacteria took the first place in outbreaks outside households. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was responsible for the largest number of outbreaks (232 outbreaks, 24.12%), which mainly occurred in catering service units (93.10%, 216/232). Different types of bacteria tended to be found in different food categories, such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which was mainly found in aquatic products. Conclusions Analysis of FBDOs can provide insight into the most important pathogens and sources of foodborne disease, helping authorities identify high-risk etiologies, high-risk foods, and high-risk settings to guide policies that would reduce FBDOs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12568-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ningbo Liao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xiaojuan Qi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, 310051, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Sher AA, Mustafa BE, Grady SC, Gardiner JC, Saeed AM. Outbreaks of foodborne Salmonella enteritidis in the United States between 1990 and 2015: An analysis of epidemiological and spatial-temporal trends. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 105:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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