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Ralte L, Sailo H, Kumar NS, Singh YT. Exploring the pharmacological potential of Lepionurus sylvestris blume: from folklore medicinal usage to modern drug development strategies using in vitro and in silico analyses. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:289. [PMID: 39080609 PMCID: PMC11289938 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04567-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lepionurus sylvestris Blume has a long history of folklore medicinal usage against various ailments. However, studies on these plants were neglected particularly their pharmacological potential. METHODS The crude extract was identified using LC-MS analysis. In vitro assays were carried out to determine the properties of antioxidant, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer. Further, network pharmacology was proposed to evaluate the potential targets of the compounds against breast cancer and type II diabetes. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation were used to determine the potential compounds for the drug formulation of diabetes. RESULTS Various bioactive compounds were identfied using LC-MS and Galiposin, Fujikinetin, Boeravinone B, 4-Deoxybryaquinone, and Norbaeocystin were described for the first time from the plant. Determination of antioxidant potential showed that the IC50 value of ABTS, DPPH, and phosphomolybdate was 24.33 µg/ml, 37.81 µg/ml, 60.35 µg/ml, and reducing power assays 1.185. The antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli was determined, and the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was found to be 5.3 mg/ml, 3.47 mg/ml, 3.33 mg/ml, and 2.7 mg/ml respectively, revealing the extracts as effective antibacterial agents. The IC50 values for the plant extract were determined to be 26 µg/ml, 30.52 µg/ml, and 24.39 µg/ml for HeLa, MCF-7, and K-562 cells, respectively, and the increasing concentration of the plant extract increased LDH release. Furthermore, the in silico network pharmacology, molecular docking which had the highest docking score for GAPDH and HIF-1 target proteins of -9.3 kcal/mol, and - 11.3 kcal/mol binding affinities, and molecular dynamic simulation analysis revealed the bioactive compound Boeravinone B present in the plant was significant for the treatment of various ailments. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, plant extracts could be a promising option for developing new drug formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laldinfeli Ralte
- Department of Botany, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Hmingremhlua Sailo
- Department of Botany, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | | | - Y Tunginba Singh
- Department of Botany, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India.
- Department of Life Sciences (Botany), Manipur University, Imphal, Manipur, 795003, India.
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Toledo E, Félix C, Vicente TFL, Augusto A, Félix R, Toledo B, Silva J, Trindade C, Raimundo D, Lemos MFL. Seaweed Extracts to Control Postharvest Phytopathogenic Fungi in Rocha Pear. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020269. [PMID: 36836383 PMCID: PMC9967800 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections cause losses amounting to between 20 and 25% of the fruit industry's total outcome, with an escalating impact on agriculture in the last decades. As seaweeds have long demonstrated relevant antimicrobial properties against a wide variety of microorganisms, extracts from Asparagopsis armata, Codium sp., Fucus vesiculosus, and Sargassum muticum were used to find sustainable, ecofriendly, and safe solutions against Rocha pear postharvest fungal infections. Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, and Penicillium expansum mycelial growth and spore germination inhibition activities were tested in vitro with five different extracts of each seaweed (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, aqueous, ethanolic, and hydroethanolic). An in vivo assay was then performed using the aqueous extracts against B. cinerea and F. oxysporum in Rocha pear. The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanolic extracts from A. armata showed the best in vitro inhibitory activity against B. cinerea, F. oxysporum, and P. expansum, and promising in vivo results against B. cinerea using S. muticum aqueous extract were also found. The present work highlights the contribution of seaweeds to tackle agricultural problems, namely postharvest phytopathogenic fungal diseases, contributing to a greener and more sustainable bioeconomy from the sea to the farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloísa Toledo
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Carina Félix
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Tânia F. L. Vicente
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Augusto
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Rafael Félix
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Toledo
- Departamento de Ecología Integrativa, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joana Silva
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
| | | | | | - Marco F. L. Lemos
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Spennato M, Roggero OM, Varriale S, Asaro F, Cortesi A, Kašpar J, Tongiorgi E, Pezzella C, Gardossi L. Neuroprotective Properties of Cardoon Leaves Extracts against Neurodevelopmental Deficits in an In Vitro Model of Rett Syndrome Depend on the Extraction Method and Harvest Time. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248772. [PMID: 36557905 PMCID: PMC9783035 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the bioactive properties of different extracts of cardoon leaves in rescuing neuronal development arrest in an in vitro model of Rett syndrome (RTT). Samples were obtained from plants harvested at different maturity stages and extracted with two different methodologies, namely Naviglio® and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). While scCO2 extracts more hydrophobic fractions, the Naviglio® method extracts phenolic compounds and less hydrophobic components. Only the scCO2 cardoon leaves extract obtained from plants harvested in spring induced a significant rescue of neuronal atrophy in RTT neurons, while the scCO2 extract from the autumn harvest stimulated dendrite outgrowth in Wild-Type (WT) neurons. The scCO2 extracts were the richest in squalene, 3ß-taraxerol and lupeol, with concentrations in autumn harvest doubling those in spring harvest. The Naviglio® extract was rich in cynaropicrin and exerted a toxic effect at 20 µM on both WT and RTT neurons. When cynaropicrin, squalene, lupeol and 3ß-taraxerol were tested individually, no positive effect was observed, whereas a significant neurotoxicity of cynaropicrin and lupeol was evident. In conclusion, cardoon leaves extracts with high content of hydrophobic bioactive molecules and low cynaropicrin and lupeol concentrations have pharmacological potential to stimulate neuronal development in RTT and WT neurons in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Spennato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ottavia Maria Roggero
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Simona Varriale
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia, 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fioretta Asaro
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Angelo Cortesi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio 6/A, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jan Kašpar
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Enrico Tongiorgi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Cinzia Pezzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Via Cinthia, 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Gardossi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Milutinović VM, Matić IZ, Stanojković TP, Soković MD, Ćirić AD, Ušjak LJ, Niketić MS, Petrović SD. Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Selected Hieracium L. s. str. (Asteraceae) Extracts and Isolated Sesquiterpene Lactones. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200326. [PMID: 35621325 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities were tested for dried MeOH extracts of Hieracium calophyllum (CAL), H. coloriscapum (COL), H. pseudoschenkii (PSE), H. valdepilosum (VAL) and H. glabratum (GLA) herbs (flowering aerial parts), their 2 sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) 8-epiixerisamine A and crepiside E, and dried CH2 Cl2 extract of H. scheppigianum (SCH) herb. In microdilution test, extracts showed activity on all tested microorganisms (8 bacteria, 10 fungi). The best effect was exhibited by SCH and CAL on Salmonella Typhimurium (MIC=1.7-2.5 mg/mL MBC=3.4-5.0 mg/mL), and SCH and VAL on Candida albicans (MIC=2.5 mg/mL MFC=5.0 mg/mL). SLs showed notable effect on all tested fungi Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium funiculosum, C. albicans and C. krusei (MIC=0.15-0.4 mg/mL MFC=0.3-0.8 mg/mL). In MTT test, extracts inhibited growth of all tested cancer cells (HeLa, LS174 and A549), with the best effect on HeLa (IC50 =148.1 μg/mL for SCH, and 152.3-303.2 μg/mL for MeOH extracts); both SLs were active against HeLa cells (IC50 =46.2 μg/mL for crepiside E and 103.8 μg/mL for 8-epiixerisamine A). Extracts and SLs showed good safety profile on normal MRC-5 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta M Milutinović
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Z Matić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana P Stanojković
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina D Soković
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković' -, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana D Ćirić
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković' -, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljuboš J Ušjak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marjan S Niketić
- Natural History Museum, Njegoševa 51, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.,Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Kneza Mihaila 35/II, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Silvana D Petrović
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
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El Khomsi M, Kara M, Hmamou A, Assouguem A, Al Kamaly O, Saleh A, Ercisli S, Fidan H, Hmouni D. In Vitro Studies on the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Total Polyphenol Content of Cynara humilis from Moulay Yacoub Area (Morocco). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11091200. [PMID: 35567201 PMCID: PMC9101056 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In Morocco, Cynara humilis L. is used in traditional medicine. The objective of this research was to research the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of hydroethanolic extracts from the C. humilis plant's leaves and roots. The content of polyphenols and flavonoids was evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu's and aluminum chloride assays. Two techniques were used to evaluate antioxidant properties: antioxidant capacity in total (TAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhdrazyl (DPPH). In antimicrobial assays, five pathogenic microbial strains were studied including two Escherichia coli, one coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and one Candida albicans, by two techniques: agar disk diffusion and microdilution. Leaves had a greater content of flavonoids 27.07 mg QE/g of extract and the polyphenols 38.84 mg GAE/g of extract than root 24.39 mg QE/g of extract and 29.39 mg GAE/g of extract, respectively. The TAC test value of the 0.77 mg AAE/g extract in the leaf extract was found to be significantly greater than that of the 0.60 mg EAA/g extract in the root extract. The DPPH antioxidant assay IC50 values of the root and leaf extract were 0.23 and 0.93 µg/mL, respectively. C. humilis extracts showed an antimicrobial effect against all tested strains, the inhibitory zone (DIZ) have values in the range between 12 and 15 mm. Moreover, the root extract showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against coagulase-negative Staphylococcus with an IC50 value of 6.25 mg/mL. The higher content of flavonoids and polyphenols in the hydroethanolic extracts of C. humilis leaves and roots demonstrates that they have a significant antimicrobial and antioxidant effect, as found in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa El Khomsi
- Natural Resources and Sustainable Development Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, B.P.133, Kenitra 14000, Morocco;
- Correspondence: (M.E.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Mohammed Kara
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorisation of Natural Resources (LBCVNR), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, BP.1796 Atlas, Fez 30000, Morocco
- Correspondence: (M.E.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Anouar Hmamou
- Laboratory of Engineering, Molecular Organometallic Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, BP.1796 Atlas, Fez 30000, Morocco;
| | - Amine Assouguem
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, B.O. Box 2202 Imouzzer Street, Fez 30000, Morocco;
| | - Omkulthom Al Kamaly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Hafize Fidan
- Department of Tourism and Culinary Management, Faculty of Economics, University of Food Technologies, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Driss Hmouni
- Natural Resources and Sustainable Development Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, B.P.133, Kenitra 14000, Morocco;
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Phenolic compounds in local Italian types of cultivated cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis DC) stalks and artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus L.) edible sprouts. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Bioactive Compounds from Cardoon as Health Promoters in Metabolic Disorders. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030336. [PMID: 35159487 PMCID: PMC8915173 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) is a Mediterranean plant and member of the Asteraceae family that includes three botanical taxa, the wild perennial cardoon (C. cardunculus L. var. sylvestris (Lamk) Fiori), globe artichoke (C. cardunculus L. var. scolymus L. Fiori), and domesticated cardoon (C. cardunculus L. var. altilis DC.). Cardoon has been widely used in the Mediterranean diet and folk medicine since ancient times. Today, cardoon is recognized as a plant with great industrial potential and is considered as a functional food, with important nutritional value, being an interesting source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolics, minerals, inulin, fiber, and sesquiterpene lactones. These bioactive compounds have been vastly described in the literature, exhibiting a wide range of beneficial effects, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, lipid-lowering, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antihemorrhoidal, cardiotonic, and choleretic activity. In this review, an overview of the cardoon nutritional and phytochemical composition, as well as its biological potential, is provided, highlighting the main therapeutic effects of the different parts of the cardoon plant on metabolic disorders, specifically associated with hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, and antidiabetic activity.
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Mirpoor SF, Varriale S, Porta R, Naviglio D, Spennato M, Gardossi L, Giosafatto CVL, Pezzella C. A biorefinery approach for the conversion of Cynara cardunculus biomass to active films. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Paolo D, Locatelli F, Cominelli E, Pirona R, Pozzo S, Graziani G, Ritieni A, De Palma M, Docimo T, Tucci M, Sparvoli F. Towards a Cardoon ( Cynara cardunculus var. altilis)-Based Biorefinery: A Case Study of Improved Cell Cultures via Genetic Modulation of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111978. [PMID: 34769407 PMCID: PMC8584892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultivated cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. altilis L.) is a promising candidate species for the development of plant cell cultures suitable for large-scale biomass production and recovery of nutraceuticals. We set up a protocol for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, which can be used for the improvement of cardoon cell cultures in a frame of biorefinery. As high lignin content determines lower saccharification yields for the biomass, we opted for a biotechnological approach, with the purpose of reducing lignin content; we generated transgenic lines overexpressing the Arabidopsis thaliana MYB4 transcription factor, a known repressor of lignin/flavonoid biosynthesis. Here, we report a comprehensive characterization, including metabolic and transcriptomic analyses of AtMYB4 overexpression cardoon lines, in comparison to wild type, underlining favorable traits for their use in biorefinery. Among these, the improved accessibility of the lignocellulosic biomass to degrading enzymes due to depletion of lignin content, the unexpected increased growth rates, and the valuable nutraceutical profiles, in particular for hydroxycinnamic/caffeoylquinic and fatty acids profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Paolo
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (F.S.); Tel.: +39-0223699407 (D.P.); +39-0223699435 (F.S.)
| | - Franca Locatelli
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Eleonora Cominelli
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Raul Pirona
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Sara Pozzo
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Giulia Graziani
- Department of Pharmacy—University of Naples Federico II (UNINA), Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy—University of Naples Federico II (UNINA), Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Monica De Palma
- National Research Council—Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Teresa Docimo
- National Research Council—Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Marina Tucci
- National Research Council—Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Francesca Sparvoli
- National Research Council—Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.L.); (E.C.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (F.S.); Tel.: +39-0223699407 (D.P.); +39-0223699435 (F.S.)
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Dou J, Evtuguin DV, Vuorinen T. Structural Elucidation of Suberin from the Bark of Cultivated Willow ( Salix sp.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10848-10855. [PMID: 34514798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although extractives have been symbolized as major bioactive pharmacological compounds from Salix (Salicaceae) bark, we speculated that these pharmaceutical effects cannot be solely attributed to phenolic components and their derivatives, but the long-chain suberin acids also contribute to their therapeutic effects. Hence, isolation and deconstruction of suberin were conducted, for the first time, to enrich our knowledge about the macromolecular components at the cell wall of willow bark. Saponification was adopted to obtain suberin extracts at a yield of approximately 5 wt % based on the bark of the studied hybrids. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry allowed qualification and quantification of 23 compounds from the released suberin monomers, from which fatty acids represented majority of the isolated suberin, namely, fatty acid methyl esters (C17-C19); mono-carboxylic acid (C7-C16); alpha, omega-dicarboxylic acid (C7-C16); and omega-hydroxy long-chain fatty acids (C16-C22). Additionally, the lipophilic extractive was dominated by piceol, heptacosane, β-sitosterol, and fatty acids (C16-C28) from the studied hybrids. These findings could boost our integrative approach toward full valorization of willow bark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Dou
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - Dmitry V Evtuguin
- CICECO/Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Tapani Vuorinen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
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Sumengen Ozdenefe M, Mercimek Takci HA, Buyukkaya Kayis F. Chemical composition and functional properties of
Cynara cornigera
lindley shoot system extract. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Salami SA, Valenti B, Luciano G, Lanza M, Umezurike-Amahah NM, Kerry JP, O’Grady MN, Newbold CJ, Priolo A. Dietary cardoon meal modulates rumen biohydrogenation and bacterial community in lambs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16180. [PMID: 34376766 PMCID: PMC8355377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardoon meal is a by-product of oil extraction from the seeds of Cynara cardunculus and can serve as a novel alternative feedstuff for ruminants. This study examined the rumen fermentation, biohydrogenation of fatty acids (FA) and microbial community in lambs fed a concentrate diet containing 15% dehydrated lucerne (CON, n = 8) or cardoon meal (CMD, n = 7) for 75 days pre-slaughter. Diets did not influence rumen fermentation characteristics and the abundance of bacteria, methanogens, fungi, or protozoa. Rumen digesta in CMD-fed lambs displayed a higher concentration of total saturated FA and lower total odd- and branched-chain FA and monounsaturated FA. Feeding CMD decreased total trans-18:1 isomer and the ratio of trans-10 to trans-11 C18:1, known as the "trans-10 shift". Amplicon sequencing indicated that the rumen bacterial community in CMD-fed lambs had lower diversity and a higher relative phyla abundance of Proteobacteria at the expense of Bacteroidetes and Fibrobacteres. At the genus level, CMD mediated specific shifts from Prevotella, Alloprevotella, Solobacterium and Fibrobacter to Ruminobacter, suggesting that these genera may play important roles in biohydrogenation. Overall, these results demonstrate that cardoon meal can be used as a feedstuff for ruminants without negatively affecting rumen fermentation and microbiota but its impact on biohydrogenation may influence the FA composition in meat or milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed A. Salami
- grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Department Di3A, Animal Production Science, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy ,grid.7872.a0000000123318773School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Bernardo Valenti
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali (DSA3), University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Luciano
- grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Department Di3A, Animal Production Science, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Lanza
- grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Department Di3A, Animal Production Science, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Ngozi M. Umezurike-Amahah
- grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Department Di3A, Animal Production Science, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Joseph P. Kerry
- grid.7872.a0000000123318773School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael N. O’Grady
- grid.7872.a0000000123318773School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Charles J. Newbold
- grid.426884.40000 0001 0170 6644Scotland’s Rural College, Peter Wilson Building, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG UK
| | - Alessandro Priolo
- grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Department Di3A, Animal Production Science, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Corrêa JGDS, Bianchin M, Lopes AP, Silva E, Ames FQ, Pomini AM, Carpes ST, de Carvalho Rinaldi J, Cabral Melo R, Kioshima ES, Bersani-Amado CA, Pilau EJ, de Carvalho JE, Ruiz ALTG, Visentainer JV, Santin SMDO. Chemical profile, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Miconia albicans (Sw.) Triana (Melastomataceae) fruits extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113979. [PMID: 33647428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Miconia albicans (Sw.) Triana has been widely used in Brazilian popular medicine for the treatment of several diseases. Aerial parts are used as an infusion to treat arthrosis and arthritis, to relieve rheumatic and stomach pains, and intestinal disorders due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic anti-nociceptive, digestive and hepatoprotective properties. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to characterize the of M. albicans (Sw.) Triana fruits extract (MAFRE) chemical profile and to evaluate its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities, as well as its toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Maceration with methanol as liquid extractor was used to prepare MAFRE. M. albicans (Sw.) Triana fruits chemical composition was characterized by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and GC-FID (fatty acid methyl esters composition from lyophilized fruits). MAFRE antioxidant potential was evaluated in vitro using a combination of assays: Folin-Ciocalteu reducing capacity, DPPH• and ABTS radical scavenging ability and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). In vitro antiproliferative activity was investigated in four human tumor cell lines (U251, 786-0, HT29 and MDA-MB-231) while the effect on the non-tumor cell viability was assessed in the VERO cell line using the on-step MTT assay. In addition, in vivo anti-inflammatory effect was assessed by Croton oil-induced ear edema in mice followed by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity evaluation. RESULTS Thirty-five compounds were identified by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Among it flavonoids derived from quercetin (8), myricetin (1), kaempferol (2), terpenoids (6) and other compounds (18). GC-FID analysis identified and quantified nine fatty acids: palmitic, stearic, arachidic, behenic, elaidic, oleic, eicosenoic, and linoleic acids. The most abundant fatty acids were polyunsaturated fatty acids (5.33 ± 0.17 mg g-1), followed by saturated fatty acids (2.38 ± 0.07 mg g-1) and monounsaturated fatty acids (1.74 ± 0.09 mg g-1). The extract revealed high content of phenolic compounds (43.68 ± 0.50 mg GAE/g of extract), potent antioxidant, and ferrous chelating capacities. Morever, it proved to be non-toxic to the VERO cells, not affecting cells viability (95% of viable cells). No antiproliferative effect against human tumor cell lines were found. Furthermore, MAFRE significantly (p<0.05) reduced ear edema (≈35%) and MPO activity (84.5%) having a statistical effect similar to traditional steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results evidenced that M. albicans fruit extract has antioxidant properties, a higher concentration of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, fatty acids, and also topical anti-inflammatory activity with low toxicity of extract on VERO cells. Through the ethnomedicinal study, these findings supporting the popular use of M. albicans, but also highlight that not only aerial parts and leaves deserve attention, but the fruits also have anti-inflammatory proprieties and can be a source of phenolic compounds and other substances with potential health benefices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirelli Bianchin
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lopes
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Evandro Silva
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Franciele Q Ames
- Department of Pharmacology Applied to Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Armando M Pomini
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Solange T Carpes
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Pato Branco, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Cabral Melo
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Pathophysiology, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Erika S Kioshima
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Pathophysiology, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ciomar A Bersani-Amado
- Department of Pharmacology Applied to Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eduardo J Pilau
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Lúcia T G Ruiz
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rabah S, Kouachi K, Ramos PAB, Gomes AP, Almeida A, Haddadi-Guemghar H, Madani K, Silvestre AJD, Santos SAO. Unveiling the bioactivity of Allium triquetrum L. lipophilic fractions: chemical characterization and in vitro antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Food Funct 2021; 11:5257-5265. [PMID: 32458905 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00769b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The lipophilic composition of Allium triquetrum L. bulbs, flowers and leaves was studied for the first time by GC-MS. Sixty compounds were firstly identified in A. triquetrum L. Fatty acids represented the major lipophilic family among the studied extracts, with (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic and (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acids being the major constituents of this family. A long chain aliphatic ketone, namely hentriacontan-16-one, was mainly found in flowers and leaves. Flowers and leaves were also found to be rich in long chain aliphatic alkanes and alcohols, respectively. Sterols, monoglycerides, aromatic compounds and long chain aliphatic aldehydes were found in lower amounts. The antibacterial activity of A. triquetrum bulb, flower and leaf extracts against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) growth was in vitro assessed. Bulb and flower extracts showed significant MRSA growth inhibition. Overall, these valuable findings can contribute to the valorization of A. triquetrum L. as a source of value-added phytochemicals, specifically as antibacterial agents and for nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Rabah
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Kahina Kouachi
- Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Département des Troncs Communs, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie and Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et Catalyse, Faculté des Sciences Exactes, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Patrícia A B Ramos
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. and LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Peixoto Gomes
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Hayate Haddadi-Guemghar
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Khodir Madani
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie and Centre de recherche en technologie agro-alimentaire, Route de Targua-ouzemour, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Armando J D Silvestre
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Sónia A O Santos
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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15
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Artichoke By-Products as Natural Source of Phenolic Food Ingredient. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11093788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the transformation activity of the food industry results in the generation of a huge amount of daily discarded vegetables wastes. One of those undervalued by-products are produced during the post-harvesting and processing process of artichokes. In the present research, the potential of artichokes’ bracts and stalks have been evaluated as a natural source of phenolic compounds which could be used as bioactive food ingredients, among others. In this study, the bioactive composition of those wastes has been evaluated using recent advances in extraction and analytical technologies, concretely, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to electrospray time-of flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF/MS) analysis. To achieve this goal, first, the extraction process was evaluated by a comparative study using GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) solvents (mixtures of ethanol and water) at different temperatures (40–200 °C). The second step was to deeply characterize the composition of individual polyphenols by HPLC-ESI-TOF/MS in order to establish a comparison among the different PLE conditions applied to extract the phenolic fraction. The analysis revealed a wide variety of phenolic-composition, mainly phenolic acids and flavonoids. The results also highlighted that high percentages of ethanol and medium-high temperatures pointed out to be useful PLE conditions for recovering this kind of phytochemicals, which could be used in different applications, such as functional food ingredients, cosmetics, or nutraceuticals.
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Shishehbor F, Joola P, Malehi AS, Jalalifar MA. The effect of black seed raisin on some cardiovascular risk factors, serum malondialdehyde, and total antioxidant capacity in hyperlipidemic patients: a randomized controlled trials. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:195-204. [PMID: 33660114 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lipid-lowering properties and antioxidants of the raisins may reduce the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of black seeded raisin consumption on blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in hyperlipidemic patients. METHODS Thirty-eight hyperlipidemic patients aged 41.05 ± 10.4 years were recruited to this two-armed, randomized, controlled intervention trial. Participants were instructed to consume 90 g per day black seed raisin in the intervention group, and control group received no intervention. BP, lipid profile, and plasma levels of TAC, MDA, hs-CRP, and FBS were determined at baseline and week 5. RESULTS After 5 weeks, the diastolic BP reduced significantly in raisin group compared with baseline (81.80 ± 10.22 vs 77.05 ± 11.03, P = 0.001) and TAC was significantly increased in raisin group compared with the control group (394 ± 116.93 vs 479 ± 122.31, P = 0.001). The serum level of MDA in the raisin group was significantly lower compared with the control group (1.35 ± 0.88 vs 1.39 ± 0.67, P = 0.039). No significant changes were found in lipid profile, SBP, hs-CRP, and FBS. CONCLUSION These results suggest that consumption of black raisin which is rich in polyphenolic compounds has beneficial effects on some cardiovascular risk factors especially blood pressure and serum antioxidant capacity in patients with hyperlipidemia. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration number: IRCT2015091624049N1. This study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT). URL of trial registry record: https://www.irct.ir/trial/20395.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Shishehbor
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parvin Joola
- Department of Nutrition, Para-Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Amal Saki Malehi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Jalalifar
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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17
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Effect of Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis (DC) in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis (DC) is a plant generally associated as an ingredient in the Mediterranean diet. The polyphenols present in this plant provide pharmacological and nutritional properties. C. cardunculus L. has been used throughout animal studies, which demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Since there is not a known cure, the research of new possible pharmacological approaches is essential. This study aims to evaluate the effect of an aqueous extract of C. cardunculus L. dry leaves in a 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model. Methods: CD-1 mice with TNBS-induced colitis received an intraperitoneal (IP) administration of C. cardunculus L. once per day for 4 days. Results: The C. cardunculus L. demonstrated a beneficial effect in this experimental model of IBD with anti-inflammatory action through the reduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels. It also demonstrated a beneficial influence on the extra-intestinal manifestations related to IBD, with the absence of significant side effects of its use. Conclusions: The extract of C. cardunculus L. dry leaves can become an interesting tool for new possible pharmacological approaches in the management of IBD.
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18
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Combined application of antagonistic Wickerhamomyces anomalus BS91 strain and Cynara cardunculus L. leaf extracts for the control of postharvest decay of citrus fruit. Food Microbiol 2020; 92:103583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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In vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.) bracts and receptacles ethanolic extract. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Ghazanfari N, Mortazavi SA, Yazdi FT, Mohammadi M. Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation extraction of essential oil from coriander seeds and evaluation of their composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04893. [PMID: 32984601 PMCID: PMC7498746 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coriander seeds essential oil is used in food preparation, perfume, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. In this study, extraction of essential oil from coriander seeds was done by hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) methods. Chemical composition, total phenol contents, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of essential oils were measured and the results were compared between HD and MAHD methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the essential oils had inhibitory effect on the bacterial membrane and cell wall. Results showed that total phenol contents and antioxidant activity increased under heat and microwave conditions. Coriander seeds essential oil had a very strong effect on Candida albicans. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to the essential oil of coriander seeds than Gram-negative bacteria. The essential oil extracted by MAHD showed better antimicrobial activity, higher phenols yield and antioxidant activity. According to the results of GC-MS, linalool was the most common constituent of both essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Ghazanfari
- Food Science and Technology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Corresponding author.
| | - Farideh Tabatabaei Yazdi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morteza Mohammadi
- Department of Food Processing, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran
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Zheng M, Lu S, Xing J. Enhanced antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of citrus hesperidin by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis. Food Chem 2020; 336:127539. [PMID: 32763730 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hesperidin hydrolysates (HHS) was produced by the hydrolysis of hesperidin (HDN) in previous studies. The potential components in HHS were identified by LC-MS, and minor components (MCS) in HHS were isolated. Antioxidant activities by radical-scavenging capacities, reducing capacity and β-carotene-linoleate assay, anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NO production of RAW 264.7 cells, and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of HDN, HHS, MCS and henperetin (HTN) were investigated in present study. HHS showed higher radical scavenging activities, higher reducing capacity, and higher inhibitory activity in the β-carotene-linoleate assay than HDN. HHS inhibited the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines of RAW 264.7 cells more strongly than HDN. HHS also intensively inhibited α-glucosidase activity whereas HDN showed little activity. In addition, the effects of MCS on above activities showed it play a synergistic part with HTN. This work suggested that hydrolyzation of HDN enhance the activities, and provided valuable information on effective utilization of HDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Zheng
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Shengmin Lu
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Jianrong Xing
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Postharvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310021, China
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Valorization of Globe Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) Agro-Industrial Discards, Obtaining an Extract with a Selective Effect on Viability of Cancer Cell Lines. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8060715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is considered one of the most significant sources of phenolic antioxidants in nature. However, more than 60% of its total volume is discarded for consumption purposes, making available an abundant, inexpensive and profitable source of natural antioxidants in the discarded fractions. Polyphenolic antioxidants from a South American variety of artichoke agro-industrial discards (external bracts and stems) were obtained by mild extraction processes. Best results were achieved at 40 °C, 75% of ethanol and 10 min of reaction, obtaining 2.16 g gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g of total phenolic compounds (TPC) and 55,472.34 µmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/100 g of antioxidant capacity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses determined that caffeoylquinic acids comprise up to 85% of the total polyphenolic content, and only around 5% are flavonoids. Inulin content in the artichokes residues was recovered (48.4% dry weight (dw)), resulting in an extract with 28% of inulin in addition to the aforementioned antioxidant capacity. The artichoke discard extract in a concentration of 500 mg/L produced a strong decrease in Caco-2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines viability, whereas healthy fibroblasts maintained their viability when the extract was concentrated at 1500 mg/L. These results suggest that the artichoke extract presents a good anti-proliferative potential effect on Caco-2 and MCF-7 cells.
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A New Insight on Cardoon : Exploring New Uses besides Cheese Making with a View to Zero Waste. Foods 2020; 9:foods9050564. [PMID: 32370268 PMCID: PMC7278730 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardoon, Cynara cardunculus L., is a perennial plant whose flowers are used as vegetal rennet in cheese making. Cardoon is native from the Mediterranean area and is commonly used in the preparation of salads and soup dishes. Nowadays, cardoon is also being exploited for the production of energy, generating large amount of wastes, mainly leaves. These wastes are rich in bioactive compounds with important health benefits. The aim of this review is to highlight the main properties of cardoon leaves according to the current research and to explore its potential uses in different sectors, namely the food industry. Cardoon leaves are recognized to have potential health benefits. In fact, some studies indicated that cardoon leaves could have diuretic, hepato-protective, choleretic, hypocholesterolemic, anti-carcinogenic, and antibacterial properties. Most of these properties are due to excellent polyphenol profiles, with interesting antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. These findings indicate that cardoon leaves can have new potential uses in different sectors, such as cosmetics and the food industry; in particular, they can be used for the preparation of extracts to incorporate into active food packaging. In the future, these new uses of cardoon leaves will allow for zero waste of this crop.
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Biel W, Witkowicz R, Piątkowska E, Podsiadło C. Proximate Composition, Minerals and Antioxidant Activity of Artichoke Leaf Extracts. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 194:589-595. [PMID: 31286388 PMCID: PMC7015959 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01806-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, leaf extracts from the Green Globe cultivar of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.), a herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family, were analyzed to determine the levels of basic nutrients, selected macroelements (K, P, Ca, Mg, and Na) and microelements (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cr, Pb, Cd, and Ni), and their ratios. The antioxidant activity (aa) of the extract was evaluated using ABTS˙+ and DPPH˙+ radicals and the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (III) (FRAP). Total polyphenolic content was also determined. Macroelement concentrations in the artichoke leaf extract can be presented in descending order as follows: K > P > Ca > Mg > Na. Microelement content in the extract was as follows: Zn > Fe > Cr > Mn. We determined the ratios of elements in artichoke leaf extracts and compared them against the recommended dietary allowance, adequate intake, or tolerable upper intake level. Mean total phenolic content in artichoke leaf extracts was high - 2795 mg CAE/100 g dry matter (DM). The ABTS˙+ assay showed a very high ability of artichoke extract to scavenge free radicals (79.74%), and the antioxidant capacity measured at 1060.8 Trolox/1 g DM. The results show that artichoke extract is a valuable source of minerals and antioxidants that could have applications in the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases caused by oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Biel
- Department of Pig Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Robert Witkowicz
- Institute of Plant Production, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Piątkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - Cezary Podsiadło
- Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
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Mohammadi M, Sardarodiyan M, Salehi EA, Baghan EE. INVESTIGATING THE ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF IRANIAN CHILI PEPPER EXTRACT. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.15673/fst.v14i1.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stress oxidative factors are known to causes diseases resulting from metabolic disorders. Therefore, preventing, or at least decreasing the amount of these factors may have a positive impact on prevention or improvement of the metabolic problems. Recently, the herbal medicines are more considered due to more effectiveness. The application of synthetic antioxidants has been reduced recently due to their adverse effects on human health. The present research aims at evaluating the antioxidant power of chili pepper. Some solvents such as water, ethanol and water-ethanol solution, with or without ultrasound wave application, are used to provide the chili pepper extracts. The amount of tocopherol and phenol compounds in the extracts has been measured using stoichiometry method and the antioxidant power of the extracts was measured and analyzed by beta-carotene and DPPH tests. Finally, the extracts’ oxidative stability was determined. The data was statically analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test. The P level of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results showed that the amount of phenol compounds in terms of Gallic acid in different extracts are between 1066.3 and 1172.27 mg/kg, and the amount of tocopherol compounds in terms of alpha-tocopherol is between 693.52 and 867.65 mg/ml. the oxidative stability index in different extracts was between 5.55 and 7.23 hours. The inhibitory percentage of Linoleic acid oxidation in the extract varied between 57.2 and 83.6%, and the inhibitory percentage of DPPH radicals in different extracts varied between 71.33 and 91.87%. The maximum and minimum efficiency for phenol and tocopherol compound extraction were obtained using ethanol and water solvents, respectively. With a high antioxidant power, chili pepper can find a wide application in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
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The induction of salt stress tolerance by jasmonic acid treatment in roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) seedlings through enhancing antioxidant enzymes activity and metabolic changes. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ferro Y, Montalcini T, Mazza E, Foti D, Angotti E, Gliozzi M, Nucera S, Paone S, Bombardelli E, Aversa I, Musolino V, Mollace V, Pujia A. Randomized Clinical Trial: Bergamot Citrus and Wild Cardoon Reduce Liver Steatosis and Body Weight in Non-diabetic Individuals Aged Over 50 Years. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:494. [PMID: 32849284 PMCID: PMC7431622 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality in the world. However, no effective pharmacological treatment for this condition has been found. Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of a nutraceutical containing bioactive components from Bergamot citrus and wild cardoon as a treatment for individuals with fatty liver disease. The primary outcome measure was the change in liver fat content. Methods: A total of 102 patients with liver steatosis were enrolled in a double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. The intervention group received a nutraceutical containing a Bergamot polyphenol fraction and Cynara Cardunculus extract, 300 mg/day for 12 weeks. The control group received a placebo daily. Liver fat content, by transient elastography, serum transaminases, lipids and glucose were measured at the baseline and the end of the study. Results: We found a greater liver fat content reduction in the participants taking the nutraceutical rather than placebo (-48.2 ± 39 vs. -26.9 ± 43 dB/m, p = 0.02); The percentage CAP score reduction was statistically significant in those with android obesity, overweight/obesity as well as in women. However, after adjustment for weight change, the percentage CAP score reduction was statistically significant only in those over 50 years (44 vs. 78% in placebo and nutraceutical, respectively, p = 0.007). Conclusions: This specific nutraceutical containing bioactive components from Bergamot and wild cardoon reduced the liver fat content during 12 weeks in individuals with liver steatosis over 50 years. If confirmed, this nutraceutical could become the cornerstone treatment of patients affected by liver steatosis. Clinical Trial Registration: www.isrctn.com, identifier ISRCTN12833814.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvelise Ferro
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Tiziana Montalcini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Tiziana Montalcini
| | - Elisa Mazza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela Foti
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elvira Angotti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sara Paone
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Aversa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Arturo Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
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Blondeau D, St‐Pierre A, Bourdeau N, Bley J, Lajeunesse A, Desgagné‐Penix I. Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of white birch (Betula papyrifera Marshall) bark extracts. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e00944. [PMID: 31580010 PMCID: PMC6957409 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracts from white birch have been reported to possess antimicrobial properties, but no study has linked the chemical composition of bark extract with antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to identify white birch (Betula papyrifera Marshall) bark extracts with antimicrobial activity and elucidate its composition. In order to obtain the highest extraction yield, bark residues >3 mm were retained for extraction. A total of 10 extraction solvents were used to determine the extraction yield of each of them. Methanol and ethanol solvents extracted a greater proportion of molecules. When tested on eight microorganism species, the water extract proved to have the best antimicrobial potential followed by the methanol extract. The water extract inhibited all microorganisms at low concentration with minimal inhibitory concentration between 0.83 and 1.67 mg/ml. Using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to a time-of-flight quadrupole mass spectrometer, several molecules that have already been studied for their antimicrobial properties were identified in water and methanol extracts. Catechol was identified as one of the dominant components in white birch bark water extract, and its antimicrobial activity has already been demonstrated, suggesting that catechol could be one of the main components contributing to the antimicrobial activity of this extract. Thus, extractives from forestry wastes have potential for new applications to valorize these residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Blondeau
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and PhysicsUniversity of Québec at Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQCCanada
| | - Annabelle St‐Pierre
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and PhysicsUniversity of Québec at Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQCCanada
| | | | - Julien Bley
- InnofibreCégep of Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQCCanada
| | - André Lajeunesse
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and PhysicsUniversity of Québec at Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQCCanada
| | - Isabel Desgagné‐Penix
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and PhysicsUniversity of Québec at Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQCCanada
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie VégétaleUniversity of Québec at Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQCCanada
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Carpes ST, Pereira D, Moura CD, Reis ASD, Silva LDD, Oldoni TLC, Almeida JF, Plata-Oviedo MVS. Lyophilized and microencapsulated extracts of grape pomace from winemaking industry to prevent lipid oxidation in chicken pâté. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.11219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize spray-dried and lyophilized powders made from winery by-products and to evaluate their effect on the oxidative stability of chicken pâté. Phenolic profile, antioxidant activity, and microencapsulation efficiency were evaluated in the extracts. Two pâté formulations containing grape pomace lyophilized (GPWL) and grape pomace microencapsulated (GPWM) were produced. In addition, a sodium erythorbate and a control batch were used to compare the effects. The pâtés were evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay during refrigerated storage (4 °C/42 days). Although the microencapsulation efficiency was 90.03%, the GPWL was statistically more effective in the lipid oxidation inhibition in chicken pâté than GPWM. However, the addition of both natural antioxidants in chicken pâté resulted in lower TBARS values than pâté treated with synthetic antioxidant due to the presence of gallic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, coumaric acid and trans-resveratrol with high antioxidant activity. Thus, the bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity detected in the GPWL and GPWM opened possibilities for use as a potential ingredient in chicken pâté and other meat products.
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Dupas C, Métoyer B, El Hatmi H, Adt I, Mahgoub SA, Dumas E. Plants: A natural solution to enhance raw milk cheese preservation? Food Res Int 2019; 130:108883. [PMID: 32156345 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants have been traditionnally used for centuries in cheese manufacturing, either for their aromatic properties or as technological auxiliaries (e.g. milk-clotting enzyme preparations, cheese wrappers). Some of these plants are known to have antimicrobial and/or antioxidant properties and could also act as natural preservatives for raw milk and derived dairy products. This review examined the traditional uses of plants in dairy processing, and then focuses on known antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of their extracts (e.g. maceration, decoction, essential oil). Known effects of theses plants on technological flora (starter cultures and microorganisms implicated in cheese ripening) were also summarized, and the potential for plant extracts used in combination with hurdle technologies was explored. Then, legal restriction and bioactivity variations from a culture media to a food matrix was reviewed: non-toxic bioactive molecules found in plants, extract preparation modes suitable with foodgrade processing restrictions, the role of the food matrix as a hindrance to the efficiency of bioactive compounds, and a review of food legislation. Finally, some commercial plant extracts for milk preservation were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Dupas
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISARA Lyon, BioDyMIA - Equipe Mixte d'Accueil n°3733, rue Henri de Boissieu, F-01000 Bourg en Bresse, France.
| | - Benjamin Métoyer
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISARA Lyon, BioDyMIA - Equipe Mixte d'Accueil n°3733, rue Henri de Boissieu, F-01000 Bourg en Bresse, France.
| | - Halima El Hatmi
- Institut des Régions Arides (IRA), Km 22.5, route du Djorf, 4119 Medenine, Tunisia.
| | - Isabelle Adt
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISARA Lyon, BioDyMIA - Equipe Mixte d'Accueil n°3733, rue Henri de Boissieu, F-01000 Bourg en Bresse, France.
| | - Samir A Mahgoub
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Emilie Dumas
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ISARA Lyon, BioDyMIA - Equipe Mixte d'Accueil n°3733, rue Henri de Boissieu, F-01000 Bourg en Bresse, France.
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Barracosa P, Barracosa M, Pires E. Cardoon as a Sustainable Crop for Biomass and Bioactive Compounds Production. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900498. [PMID: 31778035 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardoon is a multi-purpose and versatile Mediterranean crop, adapted to climate change, with a wide spectrum of potential applications due its added value as a rich source of fibers, oils and bioactive compounds. The Cynara species are a component of the Mediterranean diet and have been used as food and medicine since ancient times. The important role of cardoon in human nutrition, as a functional food, is due to its high content of nutraceutical and bioactive compounds such as oligofructose inulin, caffeoylquinic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, sesquiterpenes lactones, triterpenes, fatty acids and aspartic proteases. The present review highlights the characteristics and functions of cardoon biomass which permits the development of innovative products in food and nutrition, pharmaceutics and cosmetics, plant protection and biocides, oils and energy, lignocellulose materials, and healthcare industries following the actual trends of a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Barracosa
- Escola Superior Agrária de Viseu - Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, 3500-606, Viseu, Portugal.,CI&DETS - Centro de Estudos em Educação, Tecnologias e Saúde, 3504-510, Viseu, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mariana Barracosa
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação -, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Euclides Pires
- Departamento Ciências da Vida - FCTUC, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
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Chihoub W, Dias MI, Barros L, Calhelha RC, Alves MJ, Harzallah-Skhiri F, Ferreira ICFR. Valorisation of the green waste parts from turnip, radish and wild cardoon: Nutritional value, phenolic profile and bioactivity evaluation. Food Res Int 2019; 126:108651. [PMID: 31732057 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The recovery of bio-wastes to obtain high added value compounds is of great interest for the pharmaceutical, medicinal and food industries. Therefore, the aerial parts of turnip (Brassica rapa L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and leaf blade of wild cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var. sylvestris (Lamk) Fiori) were characterized regarding their nutritional composition, as also their content in soluble sugars, organic acids, fatty acids, and tocopherols. Furthermore, their hydroethanolic extracts and infusion preparations, were profiled regarding individual phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS and their antioxidant, antibacterial and hepatotoxic activities were evaluated. Regarding the nutritional content, wild cardoon revealed the best results, however it was radish and turnip that showed higher values for organic acids and phenolic compounds. The hydroethanolic extract and infusion preparation of wild cardoon stood out for its antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Overall, the hydroethanolic extracts seemed more effective (regarding antioxidant and antibacterial activity) than the infusions. Total phenolic acids proved to be strongly correlated with the antioxidant and antibacterial (against Morganella morganii) activities. This study showed that the discarded parts of these plants can be used as an important natural source of valuable nutrient content and new and safe bioactive compounds, beneficial for human health. Moreover, the extraction of those compounds from underused parts of turnip, radish and cardoon could be used to preserve foods, avoiding artificial additives and thus, contributing to the development of new natural ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiem Chihoub
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Valorization (LR14-ES06), High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ricardo C Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria José Alves
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Fethia Harzallah-Skhiri
- Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Valorization (LR14-ES06), High Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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St-Pierre A, Blondeau D, Bourdeau N, Bley J, Desgagné-Penix I. Chemical Composition of Black Spruce ( Picea mariana) Bark Extracts and Their Potential as Natural Disinfectant. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2019.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle St-Pierre
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Dorian Blondeau
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bourdeau
- Innofibre, Trois-Rivières, Canada
- Groupe de recherché en Biologie Végétale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | | | - Isabel Desgagné-Penix
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
- Groupe de recherché en Biologie Végétale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
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Salami SA, Valenti B, O'Grady MN, Kerry JP, Mattioli S, Licitra G, Luciano G, Priolo A. Influence of dietary cardoon meal on growth performance and selected meat quality parameters of lambs, and the antioxidant potential of cardoon extract in ovine muscle homogenates. Meat Sci 2019; 153:126-134. [PMID: 30927684 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids and oxidative stability were determined in meat from lambs fed a diet containing 15% dehydrated alfalfa (CON, n = 8) or cardoon meal (CMD, n = 7). Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of a phenolic-rich cardoon meal extract (1.32 GAE mg/ml) was examined in muscle homogenates (0, 0.5, 1, 5% v/w) subjected to iron/ascorbate-induced oxidation. Feeding CMD did not affect lamb performances and carcass traits but reduced (P < 0.05) the vaccenic and rumenic acids and increased stearic acid in muscle. Lipid oxidation was higher in raw meat from the CMD-fed lambs after 7 days of storage (P < 0.05). Feeding CMD did not affect the colour stability of raw meat and the oxidative stability of cooked meat and of muscle homogenates incubated with pro-oxidant catalysts. Adding 5% cardoon extract in muscle homogenates increased (+114.3%; P = 0.03) the total phenolic content and reduced (-77.6%; P < 0.01) lipid oxidation, demonstrating the antioxidant potential of compounds present in cardoon meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed A Salami
- Department Di3A, Animal Production Science, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy; Food Packaging Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Bernardo Valenti
- Department Di3A, Animal Production Science, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Michael N O'Grady
- Food Packaging Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joseph P Kerry
- Food Packaging Group, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Simona Mattioli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science (DSA3), University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Licitra
- Department Di3A, Animal Production Science, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Luciano
- Department Di3A, Animal Production Science, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy; Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science (DSA3), University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Priolo
- Department Di3A, Animal Production Science, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Phenolic profile and bioactivity of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) inflorescence parts: Selecting the best genotype for food applications. Food Chem 2018; 268:196-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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36
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Nobre CB, Sousa EO, Camilo CJ, Machado JF, Silva JM, Filho JR, Coutinho HD, Costa JG. Antioxidative effect and phytochemical profile of natural products from the fruits of “babaçu” (Orbignia speciose) and “buriti” (Mauritia flexuosa). Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:423-429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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37
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Ferchichi H, Salouage I, Bacha S, Kourda N, Jebabli N, Gaies E, Klouz A, Trabelsi S. Hypericum Humifusum Leaves Attenuates Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in a Rat Model. Ann Hepatol 2018; 17:144-152. [PMID: 29311400 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.7546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Effective prevention strategies require specific actions during the different phases of ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. The objective of our study is to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Hypericum humifusum leaves (HHL) on liver I-R model in Rat. MATERIAL AND METHODS Animals were subjected to 90 min of hepatic ischemia followed by reperfusion (120 min). HHL extract (25 mg/mL/kg) was injected 15 min before reperfusion. To evaluate the effect of HHL extract on I-R, we have monitored transaminases levels, Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, histological lesions (apoptosis and necrosis) and compared the results to a reference oxidant vitamin E. RESULTS The determination of total phenol extracts of HHL was 59.91 ± 0.35 mg of Gallic Acid/g dry plant material with higher antioxidant activity (91.73% ± 1.67) compared to vitamin E (87.42%). Using aqueous extract of HHL, we noted a significant decrease of AST and ALT [1129 UI (585/1995) and 768 UI (335/1375)] compared to no-treated group [5,585.5 UI (5,035/12,070) and 8,099.5 UI (5,040/12,326)] as a decrease in MDA content [85.7% protection (50.9/91.5)]. HHL extract reduce the damage induced by I-R of 48.7% (27/48.7) and 96.1% (95.7/96.5) for necrosis and apoptosis lesions respectively. CONCLUSION HHL aqueous extract have potential to protect liver from the damage effect induced by I-R better than vitamin E solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarra Bacha
- National Center of Pharmacovigilance, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Kourda
- Anatomo-pathological laboratory, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Jebabli
- National Center of Pharmacovigilance, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emna Gaies
- National Center of Pharmacovigilance, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anis Klouz
- Department of Experimental Animal, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, El Manar University, Tunisia
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Soleimanifar M, Niazmand R, Jafari SM. Evaluation of oxidative stability, fatty acid profile, and antioxidant properties of black cumin seed oil and extract. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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39
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St-Pierre A, Blondeau D, Lajeunesse A, Bley J, Bourdeau N, Desgagné-Penix I. Phytochemical Screening of Quaking Aspen ( Populus tremuloides) Extracts by UPLC-QTOF-MS and Evaluation of their Antimicrobial Activity. Molecules 2018; 23:E1739. [PMID: 30013009 PMCID: PMC6099928 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The continual emergence of pathogen resistance is a recurring challenge and pushes for the development of antimicrobial compounds. Here, we investigated compounds from quaking aspen trees (Populus tremuloides) as potential antimicrobial agents. Several extractions using different solvents were realized, and corresponding antimicrobial activity was tested against eight microorganisms. Results revealed that polar extraction solvents including water, ethanol and methanol gave the best extraction yields (>15.07%). Minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) demonstrated that water extracts had the best antimicrobial activity by a weak to moderate inhibition of growth of all eight tested microorganisms in addition to having a bactericidal effect on three of them. The quaking aspen methanol extract also displayed antimicrobial activity but to a lower level than the water extract. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) analysis led to the identification of 92 compounds, mainly polyphenols in both extracts, with 22 molecules previously known for their antimicrobial properties. According to the relative abundance, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5.44% in methanol extract) and kaempferol (5.03% in water extract) were the most abundant antimicrobial compounds. Among antimicrobial molecules identified, nine were from the flavonoid family. The results of our study demonstrate the interest of using quaking aspen as source of antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle St-Pierre
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Dorian Blondeau
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - André Lajeunesse
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Julien Bley
- Innofibre, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | | | - Isabel Desgagné-Penix
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
- Plant Biology Research Group, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada.
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Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of Periploca aphylla Decne, Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) and oleander (Nerium indicum Mill.) Leaf extracts. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Elsebai MF, Abass K, Hakkola J, Atawia AR, Farag MA. The wild Egyptian artichoke as a promising functional food for the treatment of hepatitis C virus as revealed via UPLC-MS and clinical trials. Food Funct 2018; 7:3006-16. [PMID: 27296047 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00656f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) and its subsequent complications are a major cause of mortality worldwide. The water extract of the wild Egyptian artichoke (WEA) (Cynara cardunculus L. var. sylvestris (Lam.) Fiori) leaves is a freely available herbal product that is used for treatment of HCV-infection complications such as jaundice and ascites. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether WEA exhibits activity against HCV, identify bioactive chemicals in its extract and to tentatively examine the potential inhibitory interactions of WEA with human drug-metabolizing enzymes. The current pilot clinical trial revealed that the water extract of a WEA plant decreased the HCV viral load below the detection level in 12 out of 15 patients. Furthermore, the liver enzymes ALT and AST, as well as the level of bilirubin were normalized. The total WEA extract inhibited CYP2B6 (OH-BUP) and CYP2C19 (5-OH-OME) with high affinity, IC50 ∼ 20 μg ml(-1), while moderate inhibitory interactions were observed for CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4. Results presented herein suggest that the WEA exhibits strong antiviral activity against HCV and may be useful for its treatment. Compared to the artichoke product "Hepar SL Forte(®)", WEA was found to be more enriched in sesquiterpenes versus the abundance of phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids in Hepar SL Forte(®) as revealed via UPLC-MS analysis coupled to chemometrics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaled Abass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, FIN-90014, Oulu, Finland and Centre for Arctic Medicine, Thule Institute, University of Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, FIN-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jukka Hakkola
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, FIN-90014, Oulu, Finland and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FIN-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ahmed Rezk Atawia
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
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Petropoulos SA, Pereira C, Tzortzakis N, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR. Nutritional Value and Bioactive Compounds Characterization of Plant Parts From Cynara cardunculus L. (Asteraceae) Cultivated in Central Greece. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:459. [PMID: 29692792 PMCID: PMC5902674 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the nutritional value of the edible parts (immature capitula) of cardoon plants was evaluated, while further analyses were carried out in order to assess antioxidant properties and phenolic compounds composition of the various plant parts and seed oils. Cardoon capitula (heads) were a rich source of carbohydrates, with the main detected free sugar being sucrose, as well as of macro- and micro-minerals (K, Ca, Mg, and Fe). Heads were also abundant in saturated fatty acids (palmitic, behenic, linoleic, stearic, caproic, and oleic acid), whereas seed oils in unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic acid). Total phenolic compounds (TPC) content and phenolics composition differed between the various plant parts, with heads and leaf blades having higher TPC than midribs and petioles. Moreover, heads and leaf midribs and petioles consisted mainly of phenolic acids (5-O-caffeoylquinic and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid), with flavonoids being detected in lower amounts. In contrast, the composition of polyphenols in leaf blades consisted mostly of flavonoids (Luteolin-7-O-glucoside and luteolin-7-O-malonylhexoside), whereas phenolic acids were also detected in considerable amounts (5-O-feruloylquinic and 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid). Regarding antioxidant properties, leaf blades and seeds exhibited the highest potency for all the tested assays which could be partly attributed to the synergistic effects of the phenolic compounds present in each sample. In conclusion, cardoon plant parts may find various uses in the food and pharmaceutical industry, since they contain considerable amounts of bioactive molecules, while seed oils can be considered as alternative vegetable oils for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Laboratory of Vegetable Production, University of Thessaly, Magnissia, Greece
- *Correspondence: Spyridon A. Petropoulos
| | - Carla Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Nikolaos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
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Maham M, Sajadi SM, Kharimkhani MM, Nasrollahzadeh M. Biosynthesis of the CuO nanoparticles using Euphorbia Chamaesyce leaf extract and investigation of their catalytic activity for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol. IET Nanobiotechnol 2017; 11:766-772. [PMCID: PMC8676157 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Through this study an eco‐friendly, simple, efficient, cheap and biocompatible approach to the biosynthesis and stabilisation of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) using the Euphorbia Chamaesyce leaf extract is presented. The CuO NPs were monitored and characterised by field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope and UV‐visible spectroscopy. The biosynthesised CuO NPs showed good catalytic activity for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) in water during 180 s and reused 4 times without considerable loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Maham
- Young Researchers and Elite ClubAliabad Katoul BranchIslamic Azad UniversityAliabad KatoulIran
| | - S. Mohammad Sajadi
- Department of Petroleum GeoscienceFaculty of ScienceSoran UniversityPO Box 624, Soran, Kurdistan Regional GovernmentIraq
| | | | - Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh
- Center of Environmental ResearchesUniversity of QomQomIran
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceUniversity of QomQom3716146611Iran
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Silva SAME, Michniak-Kohn B, Leonardi GR. An overview about oxidation in clinical practice of skin aging. An Bras Dermatol 2017; 92:367-374. [PMID: 29186250 PMCID: PMC5514578 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20175481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals are unstable chemical species, highly reactive, being formed by cellular entities of different tissues. Increased production of these species without proper effective action of endogenous and exogenous antioxidant systems, generates a condition of oxidative stress, potentially provider of skin disorders that extend from functional impairments (skin cancer, dermatitis, chronic and acute inflammatory processes) even aesthetic character, with the destruction of structural proteins and cellular changes with the appearance of stains, marks and lines of expressions and other signs inherent to the intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging process. The antioxidants are chemical substances commonly used in clinical practice for topical application and may contribute in the fight against the radical species responsible for many skin damage. This paper summarized the main evidence of the benefits brought by the topical application of antioxidants in the skin, considering the amplitude of the indicative performance of antioxidant activity by in vitro and ex-vivo tests as well as in vivo tests. It is recognized that a breadth of product performance tests should be explored to truly identify the effectiveness of antioxidant products for an anti-aging effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bozena Michniak-Kohn
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers-The State University of New
Jersey, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy - New Jersey, United States of
America
| | - Gislaine Ricci Leonardi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de
Campinas (UNICAMP) - Campinas (SP), Brazil
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Chemicals Compositions, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cynara scolymus Leaves Extracts, and Analysis of Major Bioactive Polyphenols by HPLC. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4951937. [PMID: 28539965 PMCID: PMC5429947 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4951937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) was one of the plant remedies for primary health care. The present study was focused on the determination of chemical composition, antioxidant activities, and anti-inflammatory activity and on analyzing its major bioactive polyphenols by HPLC. Methods. Artichoke Leaves Extracts (ALE) were analyzed for proximate analysis and phytochemical and antioxidant activity by several methods such as DDPH, ABTS, FRAP, and beta-carotene bleaching test. The carrageenan (Carr) model induced paw oedema in order to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity. Identification and quantification of bioactive polyphenols compounds were done by HPLC method. The oxidative stress parameters were determined; CAT, SOD, GSH, MDA, and AOPP activities and the histopathological examination were also performed. Results. It was noted that EtOH extract of ALE contained the highest phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents and the strongest antioxidants activities including DDPH (94.23%), ABTS (538.75 mmol), FRAP assay (542.62 umol), and β-carotene bleaching (70.74%) compared to the other extracts of ALE. Administration of EtOH extract at dose 400 mg/kg/bw exhibited a maximum inhibition of inflammation induced by Carr for 3 and 5 hours compared to reference group Indomethacin (Indo). Conclusion. ALE displayed high potential as natural source of minerals and phytochemicals compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Popović VB, Tomić MA, Stepanović-Petrović RM, Micov AM, Milenković MT, Petrović SD, Ušjak LJ, Niketić MS. Laserpitium zernyi
Hayek
Flower and Herb Extracts: Phenolic Compounds, and Anti-edematous, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Višnja B. Popović
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Belgrade; V. Stepe 450 RS-11221 Belgrade
- Receptor Research Laboratories; Nuclear Receptor Lab; VIB Medical Biotechnology Center; VIB; Ghent University; Albert Baertsoenkaai 3 BE-9000 Ghent
| | - Maja A. Tomić
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Belgrade; V. Stepe 450 RS-11221 Belgrade
| | | | - Ana M. Micov
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Belgrade; V. Stepe 450 RS-11221 Belgrade
| | - Marina T. Milenković
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Belgrade; V. Stepe 450 RS-11221 Belgrade
| | - Silvana D. Petrović
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Belgrade; V. Stepe 450 RS-11221 Belgrade
| | - Ljuboš J. Ušjak
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Belgrade; V. Stepe 450 RS-11221 Belgrade
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Ferro AM, Ramos P, Guerreiro O, Jerónimo E, Pires I, Capel C, Capel J, Lozano R, Duarte MF, Oliveira MM, Gonçalves S. Impact of novel SNPs identified in Cynara cardunculus genes on functionality of proteins regulating phenylpropanoid pathway and their association with biological activities. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:183. [PMID: 28212611 PMCID: PMC5314637 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cynara cardunculus L. offers a natural source of phenolic compounds with the predominant molecule being chlorogenic acid. Chlorogenic acid is gaining interest due to its involvement in various biological properties such as, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anticarcinogenic activities. RESULTS In this work we screened a Cynara cardunculus collection for new allelic variants in key genes involved in the chlorogenic acid biosynthesis pathway. The target genes encode p-coumaroyl ester 3'-hydroxylase (C3'H) and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA: quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HQT), both participating in the synthesis of chlorogenic acid. Using high-resolution melting, the C3'H gene proved to be highly conserved with only 4 haplotypes while, for HQT, 17 haplotypes were identified de novo. The putative influence of the identified polymorphisms in C3'H and HQT proteins was further evaluated using bioinformatics tools. We could identify some polymorphisms that may lead to protein conformational changes. Chlorogenic acid content, antioxidant and antithrombin activities were also evaluated in Cc leaf extracts and an association analysis was performed to assess a putative correlation between these traits and the identified polymorphisms. CONCLUSION In this work we identified allelic variants with putative impact on C3'H and HQT proteins which are significantly associated with chlorogenic acid content and antioxidant activity. Further study of these alleles should be explored to assess putative relevance as genetic markers correlating with Cynara cardunculus biological properties with further confirmation by functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Ferro
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Rua Pedro Soares, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Ramos
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Rua Pedro Soares, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
- Centre for Research in Ceramics and Composite Materials (CICECO) and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Olinda Guerreiro
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Rua Pedro Soares, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eliana Jerónimo
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Rua Pedro Soares, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - Inês Pires
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Carmen Capel
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Juan Capel
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Rafael Lozano
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Agroalimentaria (BITAL), Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Maria F. Duarte
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Rua Pedro Soares, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - M. Margarida Oliveira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sónia Gonçalves
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL), Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Rua Pedro Soares, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB101SA Cambridge, UK
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Antiproliferative Effects of Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis (DC) Lipophilic Extracts. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010063. [PMID: 28036090 PMCID: PMC5297698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides being traditionally used to relieve hepatobiliary disorders, Cynara cardunculus L. has evidenced anticancer potential on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study highlights the antiproliferative effects of lipophilic extracts from C. cardunculus L. var. altilis (DC) leaves and florets, and of their major compounds, namely cynaropicrin and taraxasteryl acetate, against MDA-MB-231 cells. Our results demonstrated that MDA-MB-231 cells were much less resistant to leaves extract (IC50 10.39 µg/mL) than to florets extract (IC50 315.22 µg/mL), during 48 h. Moreover, leaves extract and cynaropicrin (IC50 6.19 µg/mL) suppressed MDA-MB-231 cells colonies formation, via an anchorage-independent growth assay. Leaves extract and cynaropicrin were also assessed regarding their regulation on caspase-3 activity, by using a spectrophotometric assay, and expression levels of G2/mitosis checkpoint and Akt signaling pathway proteins, by Western blotting. Leaves extract increased caspase-3 activity, while cynaropicrin did not affect it. Additionally, they caused p21Waf1/Cip1 upregulation, as well as cyclin B1 and phospho(Tyr15)-CDK1 accumulation, which may be related to G2 cell cycle arrest. They also downregulated phospho(Ser473)-Akt, without changing total Akt1 level. Cynaropicrin probably contributed to leaves extract antiproliferative action. These promising insights suggest that cultivated cardoon leaves lipophilic extract and cynaropicrin may be considered toward a natural-based therapeutic approach on TNBC.
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Romani A, Scardigli A, Pinelli P. An environmentally friendly process for the production of extracts rich in phenolic antioxidants from Olea europaea L. and Cynara scolymus L. matrices. Eur Food Res Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-016-2835-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Genovese C, Platania C, Venticinque M, Calderaro P, Argento S, Scandurra S, Raccuia S. Evaluation of cardoon seeds presscake for animal feeding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2016.1147.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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