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Zhu Y, Guo J, Wu F, Yu H, Min J, Zhao Y, Tan C, Liu Y, Xu C. Exogenous Melatonin Application Accelerated the Healing Process of Oriental Melon Grafted onto Squash by Promoting Lignin Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3690. [PMID: 38612499 PMCID: PMC11011509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) is a vital hormone factor in plant growth and development, yet its potential to influence the graft union healing process has not been reported. In this study, we examined the effects of MT on the healing of oriental melon scion grafted onto squash rootstock. The studies indicate that the exogenous MT treatment promotes the lignin content of oriental melon and squash stems by increasing the enzyme activities of hydroxycinnamoyl CoA ligase (HCT), hydroxy cinnamaldehyde dehydrogenase (HCALDH), caffeic acid/5-hydroxy-conifer aldehyde O-methyltransferase (COMT), caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-hydroxycinnamate CoA ligase (4CL), and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD). Using the oriental melon and squash treated with the exogenous MT to graft, the connection of oriental melon scion and squash rootstock was more efficient and faster due to higher expression of wound-induced dedifferentiation 1 (WIND1), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDKB1;2), target of monopteros 6 (TMO6), and vascular-related NAC-domain 7 (VND7). Further research found that the exogenous MT increased the lignin content of the oriental melon scion stem by regulating CmCAD1 expression, and then accelerated the graft healing process. In addition, the root growth of grafted seedlings treated with the exogenous MT was more vigorous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jieying Guo
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Fang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hanqi Yu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jiahuan Min
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yingtong Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Changhua Tan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Equipment (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuanwei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Chuanqiang Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Equipment (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Prokopoviča V, Ievinsh G. Ranunculus sceleratus as a Model Species to Decrypt the Role of Ethylene in Plant Adaptation to Salinity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12020370. [PMID: 36679083 PMCID: PMC9862674 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop an experimental system for an exploration of ethylene-dependent responses using intact growing Ranunculus sceleratus plants and to approbate the system for assessing the role of ethylene in salinity tolerance and ion accumulation. Plants were cultivated in sealed plastic containers in a modified gaseous atmosphere by introducing ethylene or 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), a competitive inhibitor of ethylene action. High humidity inside the containers induced a fast elongation of the leaf petioles of R. sceleratus. The effect was ethylene-dependent, as 1-MCP completely blocked it, but exogenous ethylene further promoted petiole elongation. Exogenous ethylene decreased (by 48%) but 1-MCP increased (by 48%) the Na+ accumulation in leaf blades of NaCl-treated plants. The experimental system was further calibrated with ethylene and silica xerogel, and the optimum concentrations were found for inducing leaf petiole elongation (10 μL L-1 ethylene) and preventing leaf petiole elongation (200 g silica xerogel per 24 L), respectively. The second experiment involved a treatment with NaCl in the presence of 1-MCP, ethylene, or 1-MCP + ethylene, both in normal and high air humidity conditions. In high humidity conditions, NaCl inhibited petiole elongation by 25% and ethylene treatment fully reversed this inhibition and stimulated elongation by 12% in comparison to the response of the control plants. Treatment with 1-MCP fully prevented this ethylene effect. In normal humidity conditions, NaCl inhibited petiole elongation by 20%, which was reversed by ethylene without additional elongation stimulation. However, 1-MCP only partially inhibited the ethylene effect on petiole elongation. In high humidity conditions, ethylene inhibited Na+ accumulation in NaCl-treated plants by 14%, but 1-MCP reversed this effect. In conclusion, the stimulation of endogenous ethylene production in R. sceleratus plants at a high air humidity or in flooded conditions reverses the inhibitory effect of salinity on plant growth and concomitantly inhibits the accumulation of Na+ in tissues. R. sceleratus is a highly promising model species for use in studies regarding ethylene-dependent salinity responses and ion accumulation potential involving the manipulation of a gaseous environment.
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Wang G, Peng M, Wang Y, Chen Z, Zhu S. Preharvest Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment Delays Leaf Senescence of Chinese Flowering Cabbage During Storage by Reducing Water Loss and Activating Antioxidant Defense System. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:856646. [PMID: 35432398 PMCID: PMC9009452 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.856646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Leaf yellowing, an indicator of senescence, reduces commercial value of Chinese flowering cabbage after harvest. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a dual role in mediating plant stress responses, but it is not clear whether and how it affects leaf senescence when exogenously stimulating the plants before harvest. Here, we found that preharvest application with low concentrations of H2O2 to root delays leaf senescence. Around 10 mM H2O2 reduced leaf yellowing rate by 8.2 and 26.4% relative to the control following 4 and 8 days storage, respectively. The H2O2-treated cabbages showed higher chlorophyll and lower relative expression of senescence-associated gene (SAG) BrSAG12 than the control. Proteomic analysis revealed 118 and 204 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in H2O2-treated plants at 4 and 8 days of storage, respectively. The main DEPs are involved in chlorophyll degradation and synthesis, water deprivation, antioxidant activity, and protections on chloroplast membranes. Decline of water loss in H2O2-treated cabbages was coincide with increase of proline contents and modulation of leaf stomatal aperture. Alleviation of oxidative stress was indicated by suppression of respiratory burst oxidase homolog and upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging-related genes. These results were also supported by the alleviation of lipid peroxidation and the protections on cell integrity and photochemical efficiency in H2O2-treated group. Collectively, preharvest H2O2 treatment alleviates water loss and activates antioxidant defense system, protects chloroplast membrane from oxidative damage, and ultimately delays leaf senescence during storage. This study provides novel insights into the roles of H2O2 for regulating leaf senescence of Chinese flowering cabbage.
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Sun M, Yang XL, Zhu ZP, Xu QY, Wu KX, Kang YJ, Wang H, Xiong AS. Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insight into nitric oxide suppressing lignin accumulation of postharvest okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) during cold storage. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:49-67. [PMID: 34332254 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In plants, NO has been proved the function of improving abiotic stress resistance. However, the role of NO in the lignin metabolism of okra under cold stress has not been clarified. Here, histochemical staining and lignin content analysis showed that cold stress promoted the lignin accumulation of cold stored okra pods, and NO inhibited the lignin accumulation and delayed lignification process. To better understand the roles of NO in okra cold stress resistance mechanism, the full-length transcriptome data of 'Hokkaido' was analyzed. The SNP-treated okra transcriptome and cPTIO-treated okra transcriptome were obtained. A total of 41957 unigenes were screened out from three groups at 10 d, among which, 33, 78 and 18 DEGs were found in ddH2O-treat, SNP-treat and cPTIO-treat group, respectively. Transcriptomic data suggested that the genes involved in lignin biosynthesis showed downregulation under SNP treatment. Transcriptomic data and enzyme activity showed that exogenous NO significantly promoted the biosynthesis of endogenous NO by enhancing NOS activity. Transcriptomic data and plant hormone data showed that NO played an important role in the process of inhibiting the ethylene and ABA synthesis mechanism of okra and thereby reducing the endogenous ethylene and ABA content under chilling stress. Relevant physiological data showed that NO helped to the protection of ROS scavenging system and removed the MDA and H2O2 induced by cold stress. These results provided a reference for studying the molecular mechanism of nitric oxide delaying the lignification of okra, and also provided a theoretical basis for postharvest storage of vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Sun
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Zhu
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China
| | - Qin-Yi Xu
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China
| | - Ke-Xin Wu
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China
| | - Yi-Jun Kang
- College of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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Wang B, Wang Y, Li W, Zhou J, Chang H, Golding JB. Effect of 1-MCP and ethylene absorbent on the development of lenticel disorder of 'Xinli No.7' pear and possible mechanisms. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2525-2533. [PMID: 33063328 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD A common lenticel disorder which occurs in the peel of 'Xinli No. 7' pears (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) had not previously been described. Symptoms of this lenticel disorder include enlarging and bulging of the lenticels which results in significant commercial losses. Understanding the physiological basis of lenticel disorder and developing practical methods to control it is crucial for the successful marketing of this pear. RESULTS The development of this lenticel disorder was found to be closely related to the endogenous ethylene production during storage. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) combined with an ethylene absorbent (EA) treatment was found to significantly reduce the development of the disorder by inhibiting the expression of ethylene related genes, PbACS1, PbACS2 and PbACO. It is proposed that the enlarged lenticels may result from increased lignin accumulation in the peel cells, which is inhibited by this combined postharvest treatment. It was shown that the expression of six lignin related genes decreased following the treatment. The results suggest that PbPAL, Pb4CL and PbCAD could be critical in regulating the development of this lenticel disorder. CONCLUSION Endogenous ethylene plays a key role in the development of this lenticel disorder in 'Xinli No. 7' pear. The enlarged lenticels which is characteristic of this disorder maybe related to increased lignin accumulation in the peel cells, which were inhibited with 1-MCP combined with an EA treatment. These results provide a practical method for managing the development of lenticel disorder in 'Xinli No. 7' pear and helps clarify the developmental mechanisms of this disorder. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baogang Wang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, National R&D Center for Fruit Processing, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxiang Wang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, National R&D Center for Fruit Processing, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, National R&D Center for Fruit Processing, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahua Zhou
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, National R&D Center for Fruit Processing, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, National R&D Center for Fruit Processing, Beijing, China
| | - John B Golding
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
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Liu W, Jiang Y, Jin Y, Wang C, Yang J, Qi H. Drought-induced ABA, H 2O 2 and JA positively regulate CmCAD genes and lignin synthesis in melon stems. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:83. [PMID: 33557758 PMCID: PMC7871556 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is an important enzyme functions at the last step in lignin monomer synthesis pathway. Our previous work found that drought induced the expressions of CmCAD genes and promoted lignin biosynthesis in melon stems. RESULTS Here we studied the effects of abscisic acid (ABA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and jasmonic acid (JA) to CmCADs under drought stress. Results discovered that drought-induced ABA, H2O2 and MeJA were prevented efficiently from increasing in melon stems pretreated with fluridone (Flu, ABA inhibitor), imidazole (Imi, H2O2 scavenger) and ibuprofen (Ibu, JA inhibitor). ABA and H2O2 are involved in the positive regulations to CmCAD1, 2, 3, and 5, and JA is involved in the positive regulations to CmCAD2, 3, and 5. According to the expression profiles of lignin biosynthesis genes, ABA, H2O2 and MeJA all showed positive regulations to CmPAL2-like, CmPOD1-like, CmPOD2-like and CmLAC4-like. In addition, positive regulations were also observed with ABA to CmPAL1-like, CmC4H and CmCOMT, with H2O2 to CmPAL1-like, CmC4H, CmCCR and CmLAC17-like, and with JA to CmCCR, CmCOMT, CmLAC11-like and CmLAC17-like. As expected, the signal molecules positively regulated CAD activity and lignin biosynthesis under drought stress. Promoter::GUS assays not only further confirmed the regulations of the signal molecules to CmCAD1~3, but also revealed the important role of CmCAD3 in lignin synthesis due to the strongest staining of CmCAD3 promoter::GUS. CONCLUSIONS CmCADs but CmCAD4 are positively regulated by ABA, H2O2 and JA under drought stress and participate in lignin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110161, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhong Jin
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- College of Ecology and Garden Architecture, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Akram W, Ahmad A, Yasin NA, Anjum T, Ali B, Fatima S, Ahmed S, Simirgiotis MJ, Li G. Mechanical strengthening and metabolic re-modulations are involved in protection against Fusarium wilt of tomato by B. subtilis IAGS174. JOURNAL OF PLANT INTERACTIONS 2021; 16:411-421. [DOI: 10.1080/17429145.2021.1966107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Akram
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Tehmina Anjum
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Basharat Ali
- Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sabin Fatima
- Directorate General of Pest Warning and Quality Control of Pesticides Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Foodomics Laboratory, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Juan Simirgiotis
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Guihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Xie GF, Wang YB, Huang ZD, Zhang MS. Quality attributes of fresh common bean during storage as postharvest treatment with 1-MCP. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1826514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Fang Xie
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute/Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Processing, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering,Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu-Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering,Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhi-Duan Huang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Guiyang Vocational and Technical College, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering,Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Liu W, Jiang Y, Wang C, Zhao L, Jin Y, Xing Q, Li M, Lv T, Qi H. Lignin synthesized by CmCAD2 and CmCAD3 in oriental melon (Cucumis melo L.) seedlings contributes to drought tolerance. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:689-704. [PMID: 32472480 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
CmCAD2 and CmCAD3 function more positively than CmCAD1 in oriental melon for lignin synthesis which is important to ensure internal water status and thus for drought tolerance. Well-lignification may be the guarantee of efficient axial water transport and barrier of lateral water flow in oriental melon tolerating drought stress, however remains to be verified. As an important enzyme in monolignol synthesis pathway, five cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) genes were generally induced in melon seedlings by drought. Here we further revealed the roles of CmCAD1, 2, and 3 in lignin synthesis and for drought tolerance. Results found that overexpressing CmCAD2 or 3 strongly recovered CAD activities, lignin synthesis and composition in Arabidopsis cadc cadd, whose lignin synthesis is disrupted, while CmCAD1 functioned modestly. In melon seedlings, silenced CmCAD2 and 3 individually or collectively decreased CAD activities and lignin depositions drastically, resulting in dwarfed phenotypes. Reduced lignin, mainly composed by guaiacyl units catalyzed by CmCAD3, is mainly due to the limited lignification in tracheary elements and development of Casparion strip. While CmCAD1 and 2 exhibited catalysis to p-coumaraldehyde and sinapaldehyde, respectively. Compared with CmCAD1, drought treatments revealed higher sensitivity of CmCAD2 and/or 3 silenced melon seedlings, accompanying with lower relative water contents, water potentials and relatively higher total soluble sugar contents. Slightly up-regulated expressions of aquaporin genes together with limited lignification might imply higher lateral water loss in stems of silenced lines. In Arabidopsis, CmCAD2 and 3 transgenic lines enhanced cadc cadd drought tolerance through recovering lignin synthesis and root development, accompanying with decreased electrolyte leakage ratios and increased RWCs, thus improved survival rates. Briefly, lignin synthesized by CmCAD2 and 3 functions importantly for drought tolerance in melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural, Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural, Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural, Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- College of Ecology and Garden Architecture, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural, Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhong Jin
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaojuan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural, Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural, Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tinghui Lv
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural, Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural, Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Xie G, Feng Y, Chen Y, Zhang M. Effects of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and Ethylene on Postharvest Lignification of Common Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L). ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:8659-8666. [PMID: 32337429 PMCID: PMC7178773 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment can inhibit the lignification of fruits and vegetables. The mode of action of 1-MCP is through inhibiting ethylene production, but the effect of 1-MCP and ethylene on lignification of common beans remains unknown. This work compared the effect of 0.5 μL L-1 1-MCP and 100 μL L-1 ethylene on the lignification of common beans during storage. Postharvest 1-MCP significantly inhibited the increase of the lignified cell group, sclerenchyma became thicker, vascular bundles thickened, and lignified cells grew during storage, while ethylene was the opposite. 1-MCP inhibited the increase in the respiration rate, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SuSy), phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and peroxidase (POD), whereas ethylene increased all of them. Ethylene treatment stimulated and 1-MCP inhibited the decline of reducing sugar and cellulose content. Expression of genes, including PvACO1, PvAOG1, PvSuSy2, PvPAL3, Pv4CL1, and PvCOMT1, with the lignin content being significantly increased in common beans during storage. 1-MCP treatment markedly inhibited the expression of PvACO1, PvSuSy2, PvPAL3, Pv4CL1, and PvCOMT1 genes, while strengthened the expression of PvETR1 and PvAOG1, while ethylene was the opposite. This work provides evidence that ethylene or abscisic acid (ABA) may play an important role in 1-MCP regulation of postharvest lignification in common beans and provides strategies for preserving the quality of fruits and vegetables during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Xie
- Key
Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation
in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation
Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College
of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
- Food
and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute/Guizhou Engineering Research
Center for Fruit Processing, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, Guizhou, China
| | - Yingchun Feng
- Food
and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute/Guizhou Engineering Research
Center for Fruit Processing, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, Guizhou, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Food
and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute/Guizhou Engineering Research
Center for Fruit Processing, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, Guizhou, China
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation
in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation
Center for Mountain Ecology & Agro-Bioengineering (CICMEAB), College
of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
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11
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Guofang XIE, Lirong WANG, Kuanxiu FAN, Na LIU, Yongling LIU, Zhibing ZHAO. Postharvest 1-methylcyclopropene treatments maintain the quality of Rosa sterilis D. shi during storage. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.32818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- XIE Guofang
- Guiyang University, China; Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Processing, China
| | | | - FAN Kuanxiu
- Guiyang University, China; Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Processing, China
| | - LIU Na
- Guiyang University, China; Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Processing, China
| | - LIU Yongling
- Guiyang University, China; Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Processing, China
| | - ZHAO Zhibing
- Guiyang University, China; Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Processing, China
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12
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Li M, Cheng C, Zhang X, Zhou S, Li L, Yang S. Overexpression of Pear ( Pyrus pyrifolia) CAD2 in Tomato Affects Lignin Content. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142595. [PMID: 31319487 PMCID: PMC6680972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PpCAD2 was originally isolated from the ‘Wangkumbae’ pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai), and it encodes for cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), which is a key enzyme in the lignin biosynthesis pathway. In order to verify the function of PpCAD2, transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) ‘Micro-Tom’ plants were generated using over-expression constructs via the agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. The results showed that the PpCAD2 over-expression transgenic tomato plant had a strong growth vigor. Furthermore, these PpCAD2 over-expression transgenic tomato plants contained a higher lignin content and CAD enzymatic activity in the stem, leaf and fruit pericarp tissues, and formed a greater number of vessel elements in the stem and leaf vein, compared to wild type tomato plants. This study clearly indicated that overexpressing PpCAD2 increased the lignin deposition of transgenic tomato plants, and thus validated the function of PpCAD2 in lignin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtong Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang, Qingdao City 266109, China
| | - Chenxia Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang, Qingdao City 266109, China
| | - Xinfu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang, Qingdao City 266109, China
| | - Suping Zhou
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, 3500 John Merritt Blvd, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Lixia Li
- Dongying Academy of Agricultural Science, Dongying 257091, China
| | - Shaolan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang, Qingdao City 266109, China.
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13
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Zhu X, Ye L, Ding X, Gao Q, Xiao S, Tan Q, Huang J, Chen W, Li X. Transcriptomic analysis reveals key factors in fruit ripening and rubbery texture caused by 1-MCP in papaya. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:309. [PMID: 31299898 PMCID: PMC6626363 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethylene promotes fruit ripening whereas 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), a non-toxic antagonist of ethylene, delays fruit ripening via the inhibition of ethylene receptor. However, unsuitable 1-MCP treatment can cause fruit ripening disorders. RESULTS In this study, we show that short-term 1-MCP treatment (400 nL•L- 1, 2 h) significantly delays papaya fruit ripening with normal ripening characteristics. However, long-term 1-MCP treatment (400 nL•L- 1, 16 h) causes a "rubbery" texture of fruit. The comparative transcriptome analysis showed that a total of 5529 genes were differently expressed during fruit ripening compared to freshly harvested fruits. Comprehensive functional enrichment analysis showed that the metabolic pathways of carbon metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, biosynthesis of amino acids, and starch and sucrose metabolism are involved in fruit ripening. 1-MCP treatment significantly affected fruit transcript levels. A total of 3595 and 5998 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between short-term 1-MCP, long-term 1-MCP treatment and the control, respectively. DEGs are mostly enriched in the similar pathway involved in fruit ripening. A large number of DEGs were also identified between long-term and short-term 1-MCP treatment, with most of the DEGs being enriched in carbon metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and biosynthesis of amino acids. The 1-MCP treatments accelerated the lignin accumulation and delayed cellulose degradation during fruit ripening. Considering the rubbery phenotype, we inferred that the cell wall metabolism and hormone signal pathways are closely related to papaya fruit ripening disorder. The RNA-Seq output was confirmed using RT-qPCR by 28 selected genes that were involved in cell wall metabolism and hormone signal pathways. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that long-term 1-MCP treatment severely inhibited ethylene signaling and the cell wall metabolism pathways, which may result in the failure of cell wall degradation and fruit softening. Our results reveal multiple ripening-associated events during papaya fruit ripening and provide a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying 1-MCP treatment on fruit ripening and the regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Lanlan Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Xiaochun Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Qiyang Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Shuangling Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Qinqin Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Jiling Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Weixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Xueping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
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14
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Fan ZQ, Tan XL, Shan W, Kuang JF, Lu WJ, Chen JY. BrWRKY65, a WRKY Transcription Factor, Is Involved in Regulating Three Leaf Senescence-Associated Genes in Chinese Flowering Cabbage. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061228. [PMID: 28594365 PMCID: PMC5486051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-specific WRKY transcription factors (TFs) have been implicated to function as regulators of leaf senescence, but their association with postharvest leaf senescence of economically important leafy vegetables, is poorly understood. In this work, the characterization of a Group IIe WRKY TF, BrWRKY65, from Chinese flowering cabbage (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis) is reported. The expression of BrWRKY65 was up-regulated following leaf chlorophyll degradation and yellowing during postharvest senescence. Subcellular localization and transcriptional activation assays showed that BrWRKY65 was localized in the nucleus and exhibited trans-activation ability. Further electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and transient expression analysis clearly revealed that BrWRKY65 directly bound to the W-box motifs in the promoters of three senescence-associated genes (SAGs) such as BrNYC1 and BrSGR1 associated with chlorophyll degradation, and BrDIN1, and subsequently activated their expressions. These findings demonstrate that BrWRKY65 may be positively associated with postharvest leaf senescence, at least partially, by the direct activation of SAGs. Taken together, these findings provide new insights into the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of postharvest leaf senescence in Chinese flowering cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Qi Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Wei Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jian-Fei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Wang-Jin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jian-Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops-South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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15
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Wang G, Wu L, Zhang H, Wu W, Zhang M, Li X, Wu H. Regulation of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway: A Mechanism of Selenium Tolerance in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seedlings. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:3626-35. [PMID: 27089243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the mechanisms of selenium (Se) tolerance in peanut seedlings, we grew peanut seedlings with sodium selenite (0, 3, and 6 mg/L), and investigated the phenylpropanoids metabolism in seedling roots. The results showed that selenite up-regulated the expression of genes and related enzyme activities involving in the phenylpropanoids biosynthesis cascade, such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, trans-cinnamate-4-hydroxylase, chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, and cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase. Selenite significantly increased phenolic acids and flavonoids, which contributed to the alleviation of selenite-induced stress. Moreover, selenite enhanced the formation of endodermis in roots, which may be attributed to the up-regulation of lignin biosynthesis mediated by the selenite-induced changes of H2O2 and NO, which probably regulated the selenite uptake from an external medium. Accumulation of polyphenolic compounds via the phenylpropanoid pathway may be one of the mechanisms of the increasing selenite tolerance in plants, by which peanut seedlings survived in seleniferous soil, accompanied by accumulation of Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Liying Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenjia Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
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16
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Villarreal-García D, Nair V, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Plants as Biofactories: Postharvest Stress-Induced Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds and Glucosinolates in Broccoli Subjected to Wounding Stress and Exogenous Phytohormones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:45. [PMID: 26904036 PMCID: PMC4748037 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Broccoli contains high levels of bioactive molecules and is considered a functional food. In this study, postharvest treatments to enhance the concentration of glucosinolates and phenolic compounds were evaluated. Broccoli whole heads were wounded to obtain florets and wounded florets (florets cut into four even pieces) and stored for 24 h at 20 °C with or without exogenous ethylene (ET, 1000 ppm) or methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 250 ppm). Whole heads were used as a control for wounding treatments. Regarding glucosinolate accumulation, ET selectively induced the 4-hydroxylation of glucobrassicin in whole heads, resulting in ∼223% higher 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin than time 0 h samples. Additionally, glucoraphanin was increased by ∼53% in whole heads treated with ET, while neoglucobrassicin was greatly accumulated in wounded florets treated with ET or MeJA, showing increases of ∼193 and ∼286%, respectively. On the other hand, although only whole heads stored without phytohormones showed higher concentrations of phenolic compounds, which was reflected in ∼33, ∼30, and ∼46% higher levels of 1,2,2-trisinapoylgentiobose, 1,2-diferulolylgentiobiose, and 1,2-disinapoyl-2-ferulolylgentiobiose, respectively; broccoli florets stored under air control conditions showed enhanced concentrations of 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 1,2-disinapoylgentiobiose, and 1,2-disinapoyl-2-ferulolylgentiobiose (∼22, ∼185, and ∼65% more, respectively). Furthermore, exogenous ET and MeJA impeded individual phenolics accumulation. Results allowed the elucidation of simple and effective postharvest treatment to enhance the content of individual glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in broccoli. The stressed-broccoli tissue could be subjected to downstream processing in order to extract and purify bioactive molecules with applications in the dietary supplements, agrochemical and cosmetics markets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vimal Nair
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College StationTX, USA
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17
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Jin Y, Zhang C, Liu W, Qi H, Chen H, Cao S. The cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene family in melon (Cucumis melo L.): bioinformatic analysis and expression patterns. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101730. [PMID: 25019207 PMCID: PMC4096510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is a key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis. However, little was known about CADs in melon. Five CAD-like genes were identified in the genome of melons, namely CmCAD1 to CmCAD5. The signal peptides analysis and CAD proteins prediction showed no typical signal peptides were found in all CmCADs and CmCAD proteins may locate in the cytoplasm. Multiple alignments implied that some motifs may be responsible for the high specificity of these CAD proteins, and may be one of the key residues in the catalytic mechanism. The phylogenetic tree revealed seven groups of CAD and melon CAD genes fell into four main groups. CmCAD1 and CmCAD2 belonged to the bona fide CAD group, in which these CAD genes, as representative from angiosperms, were involved in lignin synthesis. Other CmCADs were distributed in group II, V and VII, respectively. Semi-quantitative PCR and real time qPCR revealed differential expression of CmCADs, and CmCAD5 was expressed in different vegetative tissues except mature leaves, with the highest expression in flower, while CmCAD2 and CmCAD5 were strongly expressed in flesh during development. Promoter analysis revealed several motifs of CAD genes involved in the gene expression modulated by various hormones. Treatment of abscisic acid (ABA) elevated the expression of CmCADs in flesh, whereas the transcript levels of CmCAD1 and CmCAD5 were induced by auxin (IAA); Ethylene induced the expression of CmCADs, while 1-MCP repressed the effect, apart from CmCAD4. Taken together, these data suggested that CmCAD4 may be a pseudogene and that all other CmCADs may be involved in the lignin biosynthesis induced by both abiotic and biotic stresses and in tissue-specific developmental lignification through a CAD genes family network, and CmCAD2 may be the main CAD enzymes for lignification of melon flesh and CmCAD5 may also function in flower development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilong jiang, PR China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Songxiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
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18
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Soares AR, Marchiosi R, Siqueira-Soares RDC, Barbosa de Lima R, Dantas dos Santos W, Ferrarese-Filho O. The role of L-DOPA in plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e28275. [PMID: 24598311 PMCID: PMC4091518 DOI: 10.4161/psb.28275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Since higher plants regularly release organic compounds into the environment, their decay products are often added to the soil matrix and a few have been reported as agents of plant-plant interactions. These compounds, active against higher plants, typically suppress seed germination, cause injury to root growth and other meristems, and inhibit seedling growth. Mucuna pruriens is an example of a successful cover crop with several highly active secondary chemical agents that are produced by its seeds, leaves and roots. The main phytotoxic compound encountered is the non-protein amino acid L-DOPA, which is used in treating the symptoms of Parkinson disease. In plants, L-DOPA is a precursor of many alkaloids, catecholamines, and melanin and is released from Mucuna into soils, inhibiting the growth of nearby plant species. This mini-review summarizes knowledge regarding L-DOPA in plants, providing a brief overview about its metabolic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Ricardo Soares
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry; Department of Biochemistry; State University of Maringá; Maringá, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence to: Anderson Ricardo Soares,
| | - Rogério Marchiosi
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry; Department of Biochemistry; State University of Maringá; Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Rogério Barbosa de Lima
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry; Department of Biochemistry; State University of Maringá; Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Wanderley Dantas dos Santos
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry; Department of Biochemistry; State University of Maringá; Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo Ferrarese-Filho
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry; Department of Biochemistry; State University of Maringá; Maringá, PR, Brazil
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19
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Expression patterns of a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene involved in lignin biosynthesis and environmental stress in Ginkgo biloba. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:707-21. [PMID: 23143181 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is a key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis as it catalyzes the final step in the synthesis of monolignols. A cDNA sequence encoding the CAD gene was isolated from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba L, designated as GbCAD1. The full-length cDNA of GbCAD1 was 1,494 bp containing a 1,074 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 357 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 38.7 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.74. Comparative and bioinformatic analyses revealed that GbCAD1 showed extensive homology with CADs from other gymnosperm species. Southern blot analysis indicated that GbCAD1 belonged to a multi-gene family. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that GbCAD1 shared the same ancestor in evolution with other CADs and had a further relationship with other gymnosperm species. GbCAD1 was an enzyme being pH-dependent and temperature-sensitive, and showing a selected catalyzing. Tissue expression pattern analysis showed that GbCAD1 was constitutively expressed in stems and roots, especially in the parts of the pest and disease infection, with the lower expression being found in two- to four-year-old stem. Further analysis showed the change in lignin content had some linear correlation with the expression level of GbCAD1 mRNA in different tissues. The increased expression of GbCAD1 was detected when the seedling were treated with exogenous abscisic acid, salicylic acid, ethephon, ultraviolet and wounding. These results indicate that the GbCAD1 gene may play a role in the resistance mechanism to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as in tissue-specific developmental lignification.
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20
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Zhu X, Wang A, Zhu S, Zhang L. Expression of ACO1, ERS1 and ERF1 genes in harvested bananas in relation to heat-induced defense against Colletotrichum musae. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:1634-1640. [PMID: 21511361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the connection between heat-induced ethylene signal changes and enhanced disease resistance. Heat enhanced ripening and elevated MaACO1 expression in naturally ripened bananas (NRB), while it delayed ripening and reduced MaACO1expression in the ethephon-treated bananas (ETB). However, in both cases, heat reduced lesion sizes infected by Colletotrichum musae. This indicates that heat-induced disease resistance in bananas was independent of ripening rate. The expression of MaERS1 gene was inhibited by heat treatment in both NRB and ETB, implying that heat as a physical signal could be sensed by banana fruits through the inhibition of ethylene receptor gene expression. The intensity of MaERF1 transcript signals was elevated in heated bananas, suggesting that the enhanced accumulation of MaERF1 transcript following heat treatment could play an important role in activation of the defense system. In ETB, inhibition of JA biosynthesis by application of IBU down-regulated the expression of MaERF and significantly weakened disease resistance, suggesting involvement of endogenous JA in induction of the gene expression, which was reconfirmed by the fact that exposure to exogenous MeJA following the combination of heat plus IBU treatment restored part of the gene expression. On the other hand, in NRB, application of IBU elevated level of MaERF1 expression at 24h and enhanced disease resistance, suggesting that, when banana was not exposed to ethephon, the expression of MaERF1 gene was not JA dependent, which was verified by the fact that MeJA application did not enhance MaERF1 gene expression. In conclusion, heat-induced disease resistance in harvested bananas could involve down-regulation of MaERS1 expression and up-regulation of MaERF1 expression and JA pathway could be involved in heat activation of the defense system in bananas exposed to ethephon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfei Zhu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
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