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Tong M, Xia W, Zhao B, Duan Y, Zhang L, Zhai K, Chu J, Yao X. Silicon alleviates the toxicity of microplastics on kale by regulating hormones, phytochemicals, ascorbate-glutathione cycling, and photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:135971. [PMID: 39342841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Kale is rich in various essential trace elements and phytochemicals, including glucosinolate and its hydrolyzed product isothiocyanate, which have significant anticancer properties. Nowadays, new types of pollutant microplastics (MP) pose a threat to global ecosystems due to their high bioaccumulation and persistent degradation. Silicon (Si) is commonly used to alleviate abiotic stresses, offering a promising approach to ensure safe food production. However, the mechanisms through which Si mitigates MP toxicity are unknown. In this study, a pot culture experiments was conducted to evaluate the morphogenetic, physiological, and biochemical responses of kale to Si supply under MP stress. The results showed that MP caused the production of reactive oxygen species, inhibited the growth and development of kale, and reduced the content of phytochemicals by interfering with the photosynthetic system, antioxidant defense system, and endogenous hormone regulation network. Si mitigated the adverse effects of MP by enhancing the photosynthetic capacity of kale, regulating the distribution of substances between primary and secondary metabolism, and strengthening the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Tong
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Wansheng Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Bingnan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yusui Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Kuizhi Zhai
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jianzhou Chu
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China.
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2
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Rahman M, Khatun A, Liu L, Barkla BJ. Brassicaceae Mustards: Phytochemical Constituents, Pharmacological Effects, and Mechanisms of Action against Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9039. [PMID: 39201724 PMCID: PMC11354652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The Brassicaceae genus consists of many economically important mustards of value for food and medicinal purposes, namely Asian mustard (Brassica juncea), ball mustard (Neslia paniculata), black mustard (B. nigra), garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), hedge mustard (Sisymbrium officinale), Asian hedge mustard (S. orientale), oilseed rape (B. napus), rapeseed (B. rapa), treacle mustard (Erysimum repandum), smooth mustard (S. erysimoides), white ball mustard (Calepina irregularis), white mustard (Sinapis alba), and Canola. Some of these are commercially cultivated as oilseeds to meet the global demand for a healthy plant-derived oil, high in polyunsaturated fats, i.e., B. napus and B. juncea. Other species are foraged from the wild where they grow on roadsides and as a weed of arable land, i.e., E. repandum and S. erysimoides, and harvested for medicinal uses. These plants contain a diverse range of bioactive natural products including sulfur-containing glucosinolates and other potentially valuable compounds, namely omega-3-fatty acids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, tannins, S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide, and trace-elements. Various parts of these plants and many of the molecules that are produced throughout the plant have been used in traditional medicines and more recently in the mainstream pharmaceutical and food industries. This study relates the uses of mustards in traditional medicines with their bioactive molecules and possible mechanisms of action and provides an overview of the current knowledge of Brassicaceae oilseeds and mustards, their phytochemicals, and their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmudur Rahman
- Southern Cross Analytical Services, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (M.R.); (A.K.)
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia;
| | - Amina Khatun
- Southern Cross Analytical Services, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (M.R.); (A.K.)
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia;
| | - Lei Liu
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia;
| | - Bronwyn J. Barkla
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia;
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3
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Zhou Q, Zheng C, Wei F, Yang Y. Flavor precursors identification and thermal degradation mechanisms of glucoerucin in fragrant rapeseed oil. Food Chem 2024; 435:137484. [PMID: 37778265 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The degradation products of glucosinolates endow rapeseed oil with a characteristic aroma, however, the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, 29 individual glucosinolates were identified in six rapeseeds (Brassica napus) using widely targeted metabolism, including 22 aliphatic, 5 aromatic, and 2 indole glucosinolates. Characterization of thermally induced aromas from new precursors-glucoerucin was performed in different pH matrices via headspace-solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Six glucoerucin degradation were identified including 5-methylthio-pentanenitrile and dimethyl trisulfide et al. The results of thermal model showed that Glucoerucin could generate volatile 5-methylthio-pentanenitrile via dehydration and formed 1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfanyl)butane via (394.9 μg/kg) by the Rosen rearrangement further product pungent odors 4-isothiocyanato-1-butene (5.6 μg/kg) at pH 5. Sulfur-containing compounds included dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide can provide pungent and cabbage notes in matrices at pH 7 and 9. The results provide a new understanding in the forming mechanism of characteristic odor in fragrant rapeseed oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oil Seed Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Chang Zheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oil Seed Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oil Seed Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yini Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oil Seed Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan, 430062, China
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Wei J, Zhu Y, Lin T, Tao H, Chen L, Xu Z, Lv Z, Liu P. Preliminary Comparisons of Tender Shoots and Young Leaves of 12 Mulberry Varieties as Vegetables and Constituents Relevant for Their Potential Use as Functional Food for Blood Sugar Control. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3748. [PMID: 37960104 PMCID: PMC10650630 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables are essential for maintaining health and preventing diseases due to their nutrients and functional components. However, vegetables specifically designed for blood sugar control are limited. The mulberry tree (Morus) offers potential as a source of functional vegetables with blood-sugar-lowering properties, mainly attributed to 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ). This study compared the nutritional composition and DNJ content in various edible parts of twelve mulberry tree varieties. Sensory evaluations were also conducted to assess sensory attributes. Interestingly, DNJ was found to show a positive correlation with sensory evaluations. Furthermore, the sugar content, particularly sucrose, was significantly higher in tender shoots than leaves, indicating tender shoots as a preferable choice for development as a functional food for blood sugar control. Finally, VM 19 and VM 22 are considered as good candidates for the mulberry vegetable using varieties after sensory evaluation and combining with the DNJ content. These findings provide valuable insights for future research into vegetable selections for blood sugar management and support the potential commercialization of mulberry leaf vegetables as functional food options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yan Zhu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Tianbao Lin
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Han Tao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zilong Xu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhiqiang Lv
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Peigang Liu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (J.W.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (L.C.); (Z.X.); (Z.L.)
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Zheng C, Yang Y, Wei F, Lv X, Xia Z, Qi M, Zhou Q. Widely targeted metabolomics reveal the glucosinolate profile and odor-active compounds in flowering Chinese cabbage powder. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113121. [PMID: 37689882 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Widely targeted metabolomics were performed to explore the differences in glucosinolate and odor-active compound levels between flowering Chinese cabbage powder (FCCP) under vacuum-drying and oven-drying conditions. Twenty-three aliphatic, five indole, and three aromatic glucosinolates were identified in two pretreated FCCP. Higher aliphatic glucosinolate levels were retained in vacuum-dried cabbage powder compared to oven-dried samples, and they were negatively correlated with treated temperatures. A total of 36 major odor contributing compounds were detected, including 5 sulfur compounds, 10 aldehydes, 9 heterocyclic compounds, 7 nitriles, 3 acids, and 2 others. 5-Hexenenitrile and (methyldisulfanyl)methan, provide typical pungent, sulfous, and vegetable notes in FCCP. Four major GSLs, namely 2(R)-hydroxy-3-butenyl glucosinolate, (2S)-2-hydroxy-4-pentenyl glucosinolate, 5-(methylthio)pentyl glucosinolate and 2-phenylethyl glucosinolate were the key precursors to form odor-active compounds. Higher temperatures in thermal effects promotes the formation of sulfur-containing and nitrile compounds compared to the vacuum-dried ones. This work can provide a guide for flavor and nutrition retention in FCCP process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oil Seed Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yini Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oil Seed Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oil Seed Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oil Seed Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zengrun Xia
- Ankang Research and Development Center for Se-enriched Products, Ankang, Shaanxi 725000, China
| | - Meng Qi
- Ankang Research and Development Center for Se-enriched Products, Ankang, Shaanxi 725000, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oil Seed Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, China.
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Zheng H, Huang W, Li X, Huang H, Yuan Q, Liu R, Di H, Liang S, Wang M, Li M, Huang Z, Tang Y, Zheng Y, Miao H, Ma J, Li H, Wang Q, Sun B, Zhang F. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated BoaAOP2s editing alters aliphatic glucosinolate side-chain metabolic flux and increases the glucoraphanin content in Chinese kale. Food Res Int 2023; 170:112995. [PMID: 37316021 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glucoraphanin (GRA) is an aliphatic glucosinolate (GSL), and its hydrolysis product has powerful anticancer activity. ALKENYL HYDROXALKYL PRODUCING 2 (AOP2) gene, encodes a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, which can catalyze GRA to form gluconapin (GNA). However, GRA only present in trace amounts in Chinese kale. To increase the content of GRA in Chinese kale, three copies of BoaAOP2 were isolated and edited using CRISPR/Cas9 system. The content of GRA was 11.71- to 41.29-fold (0.082-0.289 μmol g-1 FW) higher in T1 generation of boaaop2 mutants than in wild-type plants, and this was accompanied by an increase in the GRA/GNA ratio and reductions in the content of GNA and total aliphatic GSLs. BoaAOP2.1 is an effective gene for the alkenylation of aliphatic GSLs in Chinese kale. Overall, targeted editing of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated BoaAOP2s altered aliphatic GSL side-chain metabolic flux and enhanced the GRA content in Chinese kale, suggesting that metabolic engineering of BoaAOP2s has huge potential in improving nutritional quality of Chinese kale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenli Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiao Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ruobin Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hongmei Di
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sha Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yangxia Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huiying Miao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Bijie Institute of Agricultural Science, Bijie 551700, China
| | - Huanxiu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Fen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Miao H, Xia C, Yu S, Wang J, Zhao Y, Wang Q. Enhancing health-promoting isothiocyanates in Chinese kale sprouts via manipulating BoESP. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad029. [PMID: 37090092 PMCID: PMC10117428 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are a group of sulfur-containing secondary metabolites, which are abundant in Brassica vegetables. GSL breakdown products (GBPs), especially isothiocyanates (ITCs) benefit human health. Chinese kale is a native Brassica vegetable in China, and its sprouts are rich in GSLs and nutritional substances. ITCs are the predominant GBPs while alternative products are formed in the presence of specifier proteins. However, fewer ITCs are formed in the sprouts. Epithiospecifier (ESP) promotes the formation of epithionitriles at the expense of ITCs in Arabidopsis, but a systematic study of different isoforms of ESPs in most vegetables is still missing. In this study, changes in the content of GBPs and the precursor GSLs, as well as thiols per plant were monitored during sprout development. The proportions of epithionitriles and ITCs in total GBPs were found to be increased and decreased, respectively. RNA-seq showed enhanced expression of numerous genes involved in GSLs biosynthesis and degradation, as well as sulfur assimilation in sprouts compared to seeds. Four copies of BoESPs were isolated and BoESP2 was the most abundant isoform. Generally, transcription of BoESPs showed a strong response to abscisic acid and gibberellin, and consequently epithionitriles increased under these treatments. Knockdown of BoESP2 expression through virus-induced gene silencing system could effectively increase total ITCs and decrease total epithionitriles. Overall, dynamic GSL metabolic flux exists in the sprouting period, and the expression of BoESPs determines the pattern of GBPs, suggesting that improving the health-promoting ITCs in Chinese kale sprouts through manipulating BoESPs by metabolic engineering is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shunhao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiansheng Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yanting Zhao
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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RNA-Seq Analysis Demystify the Pathways of UV-A Supplementation in Different Photoperiods Integrated with Blue and Red Light on Morphology and Phytochemical Profile of Kale. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030737. [PMID: 36978985 PMCID: PMC10045344 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
As an indispensable element in the morphology and phytochemical profile of plants, UV-A has proved to help promote the growth and quality of kale. In this study, UV-A supplementation in different photoperiods (light period supplemental UVA = LS, dark period supplemental UVA = DS, and light-dark period supplemental UVA = LDS) contributed to yielding greater biomass production (fresh weight, dry weight, and plant moisture content), thus improving morphology (plant height, stem diameter, etc.) and promoting higher phytochemicals content (flavonoids, vitamin c, etc.), especially glucosinolates. To fathom its mechanisms, this study, using RNA-seq, verified that UV-A supplementation treatments signally generated related DEGs of plant hormone signal pathway, circadian rhythm plant pathway, glucosinolate pathway, etc. Moreover, 2047 DEGs were obtained in WGCNA, illustrating the correlations between genes, treatments, and pathways. Additionally, DS remarkedly up-regulated related DEGs of the key pathways and ultimately contributed to promoting the stem diameter, plant height, etc., thus increasing the pigment, biomass, vitamin c, etc., enhancing the antioxidant capacity, and most importantly, boosting the accumulations of glucosinolates in kale. In short, this study displayed new insights into UV-A supplementation affected the pathways related to the morphology and phytochemical profile of kale in plant factories.
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Muteeb G, Aatif M, Farhan M, Alsultan A, Alshoaibi A, Alam MW. Leaves of Moringa oleifera Are Potential Source of Bioactive Compound β-Carotene: Evidence from In Silico and Quantitative Gene Expression Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:1578. [PMID: 36838566 PMCID: PMC9966589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera is rich in bioactive compounds such as beta-carotene, which have high nutritional values and antimicrobial applications. Several studies have confirmed that bioactive-compound-based herbal medicines extracted from the leaves, seeds, fruits and shoots of M. oleifera are vital to cure many diseases and infections, and for the healing of wounds. The β-carotene is a naturally occurring bioactive compound encoded by zeta-carotene desaturase (ZDS) and phytoene synthase (PSY) genes. In the current study, computational analyses were performed to identify and characterize ZDS and PSY genes retrieved from Arabidopsis thaliana (as reference) and these were compared with the corresponding genes in M. oleifera, Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea and Bixa orellana. The BLAST results revealed that all the plant species considered in this study encode β-carotene genes with 80-100% similarity. The Pfam analysis on β-carotene genes of all the investigated plants confirmed that they belong to the same protein family and domain. Similarly, phylogenetic analysis revealed that β-carotene genes of M. oleifera belong to the same ancestral class. Using the ZDS and PSY genes of Arabidopsis thaliana as a reference, we conducted qRT-PCR analysis on RNA extracted from the leaves of M. oleifera, Brassica napus, Brassica rapa and Bixa orellana. It was noted that the most significant gene expression occurred in the leaves of the studied medicinal plants. We concluded that not only are the leaves of M. oleifera an effective source of bioactive compounds including beta carotene, but also the leaves of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa and Bixa orellana can be employed as antibiotics and antioxidants against bacterial or microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Muteeb
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Aatif
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Farhan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alsultan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil Alshoaibi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mir Waqas Alam
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Kalayanamitra P, Kalayanamitra K, Nontajak S, Taylor PWJ, Jonglaekha N, Bussaban B. Identification, Characterization, and Control of Black Spot on Chinese Kale Caused by Sphaerobolus cuprophilus sp. nov. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:480. [PMID: 36771565 PMCID: PMC9920292 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra) is commonly grown and consumed throughout Asia and is often treated with chemicals to control pests and diseases. In Thailand, public standards, Good Agricultural Practice (GAP), and International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM) programs were introduced for the cultivation of Chinese kale with minimum input of chemical treatments. Black spot caused by the fungus Sphaerobolus has been affecting the plants grown under IFOAM standards in Chiang Mai, Thailand, for several years. Strongly adhering glebal spore masses of the fungus on leaf and stem surfaces have adversely affected postharvest management, especially in the quality classification of the product. Both morphological and phylogenetic (combined ITS, mtSSU, and EF 1-α dataset) studies confirmed a novel species, S. cuprophilus. Pathogenicity tests involving inoculation of Chinese kale by non-wound and mulch inoculation bioassays resulted in the production of symptoms of black spot and the re-isolation of S. cuprophilus, indicating that the new fungal species is the causal agent of black spots. Inhibitory effects of antagonistic bacteria and chemical fungicides, both allowed for use in plant cultivation under either IFOAM or GAP standards, indicated that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains (PBT2 and YMB7), chlorothalonil (20 and 500 ppm) and thiophanate-methyl (500 and 1500 ppm) were the most effective in controlling the growth of the causal fungus by 83 to 93%. However, copper oxychloride (5 to 20 ppm), a recommended chemical in control of downy mildew of Chinese kale, showed hormetic effects on S. cuprophilus by promoting the growth and sporulation of the fungus. The findings of this study provide vital information regarding the association of S. cuprophilus and Chinese kale and will support decisions to manage fungal diseases of this vegetable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pancheewa Kalayanamitra
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kal Kalayanamitra
- Program of Postharvest Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Agro-Industry, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Sutasinee Nontajak
- Royal Project Agricultural Research and Development Center, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Paul W. J. Taylor
- Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Nuchnart Jonglaekha
- Royal Project Agricultural Research and Development Center, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Boonsom Bussaban
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Kim JA, Moon H, Kim HS, Choi D, Kim NS, Jang J, Lee SW, Baskoro Dwi Nugroho A, Kim DH. Transcriptome and QTL mapping analyses of major QTL genes controlling glucosinolate contents in vegetable- and oilseed-type Brassica rapa plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1067508. [PMID: 36743533 PMCID: PMC9891538 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1067508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary metabolites providing defense against pathogens and herbivores in plants, and anti-carcinogenic activity against human cancer cells. Profiles of GSLs vary greatly among members of genus Brassica. In this study, we found that a reference line of Chinese cabbage (B. rapa ssp. pekinensis), 'Chiifu' contains significantly lower amounts of total GSLs than the oilseed-type B. rapa (B. rapa ssp. trilocularis) line 'LP08'. This study aimed to identify the key regulators of the high accumulation of GSLs in Brassica rapa plants using transcriptomic and linkage mapping approaches. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that, in total, 8,276 and 9,878 genes were differentially expressed between 'Chiifu' and 'LP08' under light and dark conditions, respectively. Among 162 B. rapa GSL pathway genes, 79 were related to GSL metabolism under light conditions. We also performed QTL analysis using a single nucleotide polymorphism-based linkage map constructed using 151 F5 individuals derived from a cross between the 'Chiifu' and 'LP08' inbred lines. Two major QTL peaks were successfully identified on chromosome 3 using high-performance liquid chromatography to obtain GSL profiles from 97 F5 recombinant inbred lines. The MYB-domain transcription factor gene BrMYB28.1 (Bra012961) was found in the highest QTL peak region. The second highest peak was located near the 2-oxoacid-dependent dioxygenase gene BrGSL-OH.1 (Bra022920). This study identified major genes responsible for differing profiles of GSLs between 'Chiifu' and 'LP08'. Thus, our study provides molecular insights into differences in GSL profiles between vegetative- and oilseed-type B. rapa plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin A. Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Heewon Moon
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Suk Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Choi
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Nan-Sun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Juna Jang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
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12
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Kehinde BA, Majid I, Hussain S. Isolation of bioactive peptides and multiple nutraceuticals of antidiabetic and antioxidant functionalities through sprouting: Recent advances. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14317. [PMID: 35867040 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The employment of proteases directly from enzymes or indirectly from microorganisms during fermentation for the purpose of proteolysis of food proteins has been the conventional trend for the derivation of bioactive peptides from food matrices. However, recent studies have shown that inherent protease enzymes can be activated for this activity for vegetable foods using the sprouting process. The benefits of ease of operation, and reduced processing costs are formidable advantages for the optimal consideration of this technique. On another note, the demand for functional foods with therapeutic health effects has increased in recent years. Globally, plant foods are perceived as dietetic choices bearing sufficient quantities of concomitant nutraceuticals. In this manuscript, the sprouting route for the isolation of peptides and glucosinolates, and for the enhancement of total phenolic contents, polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles, and other bioactive constituents was explored. Advances regarding the phytochemical transformations in the course of sprouting, the therapeutic functionalities, and microbiological safety concerns of vegetable sprouts are delineated. In addition, consumption of vegetable sprouts has been shown to be more efficient in supplying nutraceutical components relative to their unsprouted counterparts. Biochemical mechanisms involving the inhibition of digestive enzymes such as α-amylase, β-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), single electron transfer, and metal chelation, for impartation of health benefits, have been reported to occur from bioactive components isolated from vegetable sprouts. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Sprouting initiates proteolysis of vegetable proteins for the release of bioactive peptides. Abiotic stresses can be used as elicitors during the sprouting process to achieve enhanced phytochemical profiles of sprouts. Sprouting is a relatively more convenient approach to the improvement of the health benefits of vegetable foods. Vegetable sprouts are potential for the management of metabolic syndrome disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bababode Adesegun Kehinde
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ishrat Majid
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, India
| | - Shafat Hussain
- Department of Fisheries, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, Anantnag, India
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Variation in the Main Health-Promoting Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Different Edible Parts of Purple Flowering Stalks (Brassica campestris var. purpuraria) and Green Flowering Stalks (Brassica campestris var. campestris). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131664. [PMID: 35807615 PMCID: PMC9269110 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purple flowering stalks and green flowering stalks of Brassica campestris are widely cultivated in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Here, concentrations of the main health-promoting compounds and antioxidant capacity levels were characterized in different parts (leaves, peel, flesh, and inflorescences) of purple and green flowering stalks. There were significant differences in the concentrations of health-promoting compounds between the two variants; the concentrations of pigments, especially anthocyanidins, and gluconapin, were significantly higher in purple flowering stalks than in green flowering stalks, and the progoitrin content was significantly higher in green flowering stalks than in purple flowering stalks. The leaves were judged to be the most nutritional edible part because they had the highest concentrations of pigments, ascorbic acid, proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, and total phenolics. Antioxidant capacity was also highest in the leaves, and it was positively correlated with the concentration of health-promoting compounds. Purple flowering stalks and green flowering stalks were found to be rich in health-promoting compounds, especially glucosinolates. Overall, our findings indicate that consumption of the leaves and peel would provide the most health benefits. Some suggestions are provided regarding the processing and utilization of these edible components.
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Jiang H, Li Y, He R, Tan J, Liu K, Chen Y, Liu H. Effect of Supplemental UV-A Intensity on Growth and Quality of Kale under Red and Blue Light. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126819. [PMID: 35743261 PMCID: PMC9223683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Different intensities of UV-A (6, 12, 18 μmol·m-2s-1) were applied in a plant factory to evaluate the combined influences of supplemental UV-A and red and blue light (Red:Blue = 1:1 at PPFD of 250 μmol·m-2 s-1) on the biomass, antioxidant activity and phytochemical accumulation of kale. Supplemental UV-A treatments (T1: 6 μmol·m-2 s-1, T2: 12 μmol·m-2 s-1 and T3: 18 μmol·m-2 s-1) resulted in higher moisture content, higher pigment content, and greater leaf area of kale while T2 reached its highest point. T2 treatment positively enhanced the antioxidant capacity, increased the contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar and reduced the nitrate content. T1 treatment markedly increased the content of aliphatic glucosinolate (GSL), whereas T2 treatment highly increased the contents of indolic GSL and total GSL. Genes related to GSL biosynthesis were down-regulated in CK and T3 treatments, while a majority of them were greatly up-regulated by T1 and T2. Hence, supplemental 12 μmol·m-2 s-1 UV-A might be a promising strategy to enhance the growth and quality of kale in a plant factory.
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Gao J, Zhao G. Potentials of using dietary plant secondary metabolites to mitigate nitrous oxide emissions from excreta of cattle: Impacts, mechanisms and perspectives. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 9:327-334. [PMID: 35647327 PMCID: PMC9118128 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas as well as the key component depleting the ozone sphere of the earth. Cattle have high feed and water intakes and excrete large amounts of urine and feces. N2O can be produced from cattle excreta during storage and use as fertilizer. Mitigating the N2O emissions from cattle excreta during production is important for protecting the environment and the sustainable development of the cattle industry. Feeding cattle with low-protein diets increases N utilization rates, decreases N excretion and consequently reduces N2O emissions. However, this approach cannot be applied in the long term because of its negative impact on animal performance. Recent studies showed that dietary inclusion of some plant secondary metabolites such as tannins, anthocyanins, glucosinolates and aucubin could manipulate the N excretion and the urinary components and consequently regulate N2O emissions from cattle excreta. This review summarized the recent developments in the effects of dietary tannins, anthocyanins and glucosinolates on the metabolism of cattle and the N2O emissions from cattle excreta and concluded that dietary inclusion of tannins or anthocyanins could considerably reduce N2O emissions from cattle excreta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Guangyong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
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16
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A Comparative Transcriptome and Metabolome Combined Analysis Reveals the Key Genes and Their Regulatory Model Responsible for Glucoraphasatin Accumulation in Radish Fleshy Taproots. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062953. [PMID: 35328374 PMCID: PMC8949420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is rich in specific glucosinolates (GSLs), which benefit human health and special flavor formation. Although the basic GSLs metabolic pathway in Brassicaceae plants is clear, the regulating mechanism for specific glucosinolates content in radish fleshy taproots is not well understood. In this study, we discovered that there was a significant difference in the GSLs profiles and the content of various GSLs components. Glucoraphasatin (GRH) is the most predominant GSL in radish taproots of different genotypes as assessed by HPLC analysis. Further, we compared the taproot transcriptomes of three radish genotypes with high and low GSLs content by employing RNA-seq. Totally, we identified forty-one differentially expressed genes related to GSLs metabolism. Among them, thirteen genes (RsBCAT4, RsIPMDH1, RsMAM1a, RsMAM1b, RsCYP79F1, RsGSTF9, RsGGP1, RsSUR1, RsUGT74C1, RsST5b, RsAPK1, RsGSL-OH, and RsMYB28) were significantly higher co-expressed in the high content genotypes than in low content genotype. Notably, correlation analysis indicated that the expression level of RsMYB28, as an R2R3 transcription factor directly regulating aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis, was positively correlated with the GRH content. Co-expression network showed that RsMYB28 probably positively regulated the expression of the above genes, particularly RsSUR1, and consequently the synthesis of GRH. Moreover, the molecular mechanism of the accumulation of this 4-carbon (4C) GSL in radish taproots was explored. This study provides new perspectives on the GSLs accumulation mechanism and genetic improvements in radish taproots.
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Huang H, Hu Y, Wang L, Li F, Shan Y, Lian Q, Jiang Y. Comparative profiles of the cuticular chemicals and transpiration barrier properties in various organs of Chinese flowering cabbage and Chinese kale. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13650. [PMID: 35175634 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant cuticle as hydrophobic barrier covers almost all aerial plant organs. Herein the cuticular chemical components and the transpiration of various organs of Chinese flowering cabbage (CFC) and Chinese kale (CK) were comprehensively characterized. Numerous species- and organ-specific differences in morphological, chemical, and physiological levels were found. The various organs were relatively smooth in surface for CFC but glaucous with hollow tube- and plate-type crystals for CK. The chemical composition of cuticular waxes were very-long chain n-alkanes, ketones, secondary alcohols with a prominent carbon chain of C29 in CK, primary alcohols dominated by C26 , and aldehydes prominently C30 in CFC. Cutin monomers accumulated with similar levels as waxes and were dominated by α,ω-dicarboxylic acids and fatty acids without added groups. The minimum water conductance differed considerably among species and various organs ranging between 8.9 × 10-5 (CK leaf) and 3.7 × 10-4 m s-1 (CFC leaf petiole). These differences in transpiration properties were proposed to be largely related to the cuticular chemicals in various organs and species. The presented results provide further insights to link the transpiration barrier functions with surface characteristics and cuticular chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fengjun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Youxia Shan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoqiao Lian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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18
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Tang Q, Kuang H, Yu C, An G, Tao R, Zhang W, Jia Y. Non-vernalization requirement in Chinese kale caused by loss of BoFLC and low expressions of its paralogs. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:473-483. [PMID: 34716468 PMCID: PMC8866342 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We identified the loss of BoFLC gene as the cause of non-vernalization requirement in B. oleracea. Our developed codominant marker of BoFLC gene can be used for breeding program of B. oleracea crops. Many species of the Brassicaceae family, including some Brassica crops, require vernalization to avoid pre-winter flowering. Vernalization is an unfavorable trait for Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. chinensis Lei), a stem vegetable, and therefore it has been lost during its domestication/breeding process. To reveal the genetics of vernalization variation, we constructed an F2 population through crossing a Chinese kale (a non-vernalization crop) with a kale (a vernalization crop). Using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and RNA-seq, we identified one major quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling vernalization and fine-mapped it to a region spanning 80 kb. Synteny analysis and PCR-based sequencing results revealed that compared to that of the kale parent, the candidate region of the Chinese kale parent lost a 9,325-bp fragment containing FLC homolog (BoFLC). In addition to the BoFLC gene, there are four other FLC homologs in the genome of B. oleracea, including Bo3g005470, Bo3g024250, Bo9g173370, and Bo9g173400. The qPCR analysis showed that the BoFLC had the highest expression among the five members of the FLC family. Considering the low expression levels of the four paralogs of BoFLC, we speculate that its paralogs cannot compensate the function of the lost BoFLC, therefore the presence/absence (PA) polymorphism of BoFLC determines the vernalization variation. Based on the PA polymorphism of BoFLC, we designed a codominant marker for the vernalization trait, which can be used for breeding programs of B. oleracea crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hanhui Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Changchun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guanghui An
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rong Tao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yue Jia
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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19
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Ngo DN, Ngo DH, Nguyen HM, Nguyen TH, Nguyen TT, Vo TS. Growth inhibitory activity of Brassica oleracea var. Alboglabra on human gastric cancer cells. JOURNAL OF REPORTS IN PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_119_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Wang L, Wu S, Huang H, Chen F, Ye M, Yin J, Luo Z, Qi Y, Chen M, Chen Y. High oxygen atmospheric packaging treatment regulates the postharvest changes of Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra) during storage. J Food Sci 2021; 86:3884-3895. [PMID: 34333772 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chinese kale is one of the most popular vegetables in southern China and Asia, but it has a short shelf-life. The effect of high oxygen atmospheric packaging (HOAP) treatment on the respiration rate as well as chlorophyll content and the expression of their metabolism-related genes of the soluble proteins in Chinese kale during storage were assessed. The results showed that Chinese kale subjected to HOAP treatment showed stimulated respiration rate and regulated expression of chlorophyll metabolism-related genes, such as BrChlases, BrPPH (pheophytin pheophorbide hydrolase), BrPAO (pheidea oxygenase gene), BrRCCR (red chlorophyll catabolite reductase), and BrSAG12 (senescence-associated gene), compared to the Chinese kale in the control. The activities of chlorophyll enzymes, that is, Chlase and Mg-dechelatase, were also influenced by HOAP treatment during storage. Furthermore, the total content of soluble proteins was stimulated to accumulate, and the intensity of protein bands, detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiling, increased in HOAP-treated samples. Based on the current results, as well as the results of our previous study regarding HOAP treatment of other vegetables, we speculate that HOAP may function by regulating the respiration rate and the accumulation of functional proteins, especially chlorophyll catabolic and antioxidant enzymes, to maintain the freshness of Chinese kale during storage. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: HOAP treatment could be a potential method for delaying quality changes and extending the shelf-life of Chinese kale after harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Siliang Wu
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hua Huang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Feiping Chen
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mingqiang Ye
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Juan Yin
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Luo
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yingwei Qi
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Minhui Chen
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Chen
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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21
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Kowalska H, Kowalska J, Ignaczak A, Masiarz E, Domian E, Galus S, Ciurzyńska A, Salamon A, Zając A, Marzec A. Development of a High-Fibre Multigrain Bar Technology with the Addition of Curly Kale. Molecules 2021; 26:3939. [PMID: 34203271 PMCID: PMC8271687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to find the effect of kale and dietary fibre (DF) on the physicochemical properties, nutritional value and sensory quality of multigrain bars. A recipe of multigrain bars was prepared with the addition of fresh kale (20% and 30%) and DF preparations (apple, blackcurrant, chokeberry and hibiscus). The bars were baked at 180 °C for 20 min. These snack bars, based on pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, flaxseed and wholegrain oatmeal, are a high-calorie product (302-367 kcal/100 g). However, the composition of the bars encourages consumption. In addition to the ability to quickly satisfy hunger, such bars are rich in many natural ingredients that are considered pro-health (high fibre content (9.1-11.6 g/100 g), protein (11.2-14.3 g/100 g), fat (17.0-21.1 g/100 g, including unsaturated fatty acids), carbohydrates (20.5-24.0 g/100 g), as well as vitamins, minerals and a large number of substances from the antioxidant group. The addition of kale caused a significant increase of water content, but reduction in the value of all texture parameters (TPA profiles) as well as calorific values. The content of polyphenols was strongly and positively correlated with the antioxidant activity (r = 0.92). In the bars with 30% addition of kale (422 mg GA/100 g d.m.), the content of polyphenols was significantly higher than based ones (334 mg GA/100 g d.m.). Bars with the addition of the DF were characterized by a higher antioxidant activity, and the content of carotenoids, chlorophyll A and B and polyphenols. High sensory quality was demonstrated for all (from 4.8 to 7.1 on a 10-point scale). The addition of fibre preparations was also related to technological aspects and allows to create attractive bars without additional chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kowalska
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (A.C.); (A.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Jolanta Kowalska
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (A.C.); (A.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Anna Ignaczak
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (A.C.); (A.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Ewelina Masiarz
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (A.C.); (A.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Ewa Domian
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (A.C.); (A.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Sabina Galus
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (A.C.); (A.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Ciurzyńska
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (A.C.); (A.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Salamon
- Institute of Agriculture and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 36 Rakowiecka St., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Zając
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (A.C.); (A.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Agata Marzec
- Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159c Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.K.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (A.C.); (A.Z.); (A.M.)
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22
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Zeng W, Tao H, Li Y, Wang J, Xia C, Li S, Wang M, Wang Q, Miao H. The flavor of Chinese kale sprouts is affected by genotypic variation of glucosinolates and their breakdown products. Food Chem 2021; 359:129824. [PMID: 33965761 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic profiling of glucosinolates and their breakdown products in sprouts of 22 Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra, BOA) varieties were investigated by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Relationships between glucosinolate metabolites and flavor of Chinese kale sprouts were also analyzed. Results showed that compositions and contents of both glucosinolates and their breakdown products varied greatly among different varieties of Chinese kale sprouts. Gluconapin and 4,5-Epithio-pentanenitrile were the dominant glucosinolate and glucosinolate breakdown product in Chinese kale sprouts, respectively. Gluconapin and glucobrassicin were significantly related to bitterness (r = 0.577, 0.648, respectively; p < 0.05). BOA 1 and BOA 13, BOA 3 and BOA 10 are good candidates for future breeding programs since the former two varieties have light bitterness and pungency, and the latter two varieties contain high levels of glucosinolate breakdown products such as isothiocyanates and epithionitriles in sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Han Tao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yubo Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiansheng Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Chuchu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Songwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Huiying Miao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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23
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Estimation of Glucosinolates and Anthocyanins in Kale Leaves Grown in a Plant Factory Using Spectral Reflectance. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The spectral reflectance technique for the quantification of the functional components was applied in different studies for different crops, but related research on kale leaves is limited. This study was conducted to estimate the glucosinolate and anthocyanin components of kale leaves cultivated in a plant factory based on diffuse reflectance spectroscopy through regression methods. Kale was grown in a plant factory under different treatments. After specific periods of transplantation, leaf samples were collected, and reflectance spectra were measured immediately from nine different points on each leaf. The same leaf samples were freeze-dried and stored for analysis of the functional components. Regression procedures, such as principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares regression (PLSR), and stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR), were applied to relate the functional components with the spectral data. In the laboratory analysis, progoitrin and glucobrassicin, as well as cyanidin and malvidin, were found to be dominating components in glucosinolates and anthocyanins, respectively. From the overall analysis, the SMLR model showed better performance, and the identified wavelengths for estimating the glucosinolates and anthocyanins were in the early near-infrared (NIR) region. Specifically, reflectance at 742, 761, 787, 796, 805, 833, 855, 932, 947, and 1000 nm showed a strong correlation.
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24
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Effect of artificial light source on pigments, thiocyanates and ascorbic acid content in kale sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. var. Sabellica L.). Food Chem 2020; 330:127189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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25
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Sikorska-Zimny K, Beneduce L. The glucosinolates and their bioactive derivatives in Brassica: a review on classification, biosynthesis and content in plant tissues, fate during and after processing, effect on the human organism and interaction with the gut microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2544-2571. [PMID: 32584172 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1780193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study is a systematic review of the scientific literature reporting content, composition and biosynthesis of glucosinolates (GLS), and their derivative compounds in Brassica family. An amended classification of brassica species, varieties and their GLS content, organized for the different plant organs and in uniformed concentration measure unit, is here reported for the first time in a harmonized and comparative manner. In the last years, the studies carried out on the effect of processing on vegetables and the potential benefits for human health has increased rapidly and consistently the knowledge on the topic. Therefore, there was the need for an updated revision of the scientific literature of pre- and post-harvest modifications of GLS content, along with the role of gut microbiota in influencing their bioavailability once they are ingested. After analyzing and standardizing over 100 articles and the related data, the highest GLS content in Brassica, was declared in B. nigra (L.) W. D. J. Koch (201.95 ± 53.36 µmol g-1), followed by B. oleracea Alboglabra group (180.9 ± 70.3 µmol g-1). The authors also conclude that food processing can influence significantly the final content of GLS, considering the most popular methods: boiling, blanching, steaming, the latter can be considered as the most favorable to preserve highest level of GLS and their deriviatives. Therefore, a mild-processing strategic approach for GLS or their derivatives in food is recommended, in order to minimize the loss of actual bioactive impact. Finally, the human gut microbiota is influenced by Brassica-rich diet and can contribute in certain conditions to the increasing of GLS bioavailability but further studies are needed to assess the actual role of microbiomes in the bioavailability of healthy glucosinolate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Sikorska-Zimny
- Fruit and Vegetables Storage and Processing Department, Storage and Postharvest Physiology of Fruit and Vegetables Laboratory, Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland.,Stefan Batory State University, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Luciano Beneduce
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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26
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Wang M, Cai C, Lin J, Tao H, Zeng W, Zhang F, Miao H, Sun B, Wang Q. Combined treatment of epi-brassinolide and NaCl enhances the main phytochemicals in Chinese kale sprouts. Food Chem 2020; 315:126275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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27
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Effects of Root Temperature on the Plant Growth and Food Quality of Chinese Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey). AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10050702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Root temperature has long been considered an essential environmental factor influencing the plant’s physiology. However, little is known about the effect of root temperature on the quality of the food produced by the plant, especially that of horticultural crops. To fill this gap, two independent root cooling experiments (15 °C vs. 20 °C and 10 °C vs. 20 °C) were conducted in autumn 2017 and spring 2018 in hydroponics with Chinese broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey) under greenhouse conditions. The aim was to investigate the effect of root temperature on plant growth (biomass, height, yield) and food quality (soluble sugars, total chlorophyll, starch, minerals, glucosinolates). A negative impact on shoot growth parameters (yield, shoot biomass) was detected by lowering the root temperature to 10 °C. Chinese broccoli showed no response to 15 °C root temperature, except for an increase in root biomass. Low root temperature was in general associated with a higher concentration of soluble sugars and total chlorophyll, but lower mineral levels in stems and leaves. Ten individual glucosinolates were identified in the stems and leaves, including six aliphatic and four indolic glucosinolates. Increased levels of neoglucobrassicin in leaves tracked root cooling more closely in both experiments. Reduction of root temperature by cooling could be a potential method to improve certain quality characters of Chinese broccoli, including sugar and glucosinolate levels, although at the expense of shoot biomass.
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28
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Chang J, Wang M, Jian Y, Zhang F, Zhu J, Wang Q, Sun B. Health-promoting phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity in different organs from six varieties of Chinese kale. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20344. [PMID: 31889076 PMCID: PMC6937318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56671-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra) has high nutritional value. This study investigated the contents of glucosinolates, antioxidants (chlorophylls, carotenoids, vitamin C, and total phenolics), and antioxidant capacity in five organs from six varieties of Chinese kale. The highest concentrations of individual and total glucosinolates were in the roots and inflorescences, respectively. The highest levels of antioxidants and antioxidant capacity were in inflorescences and leaves. Plant organs played a predominant role in glucosinolate and antioxidant accumulation. Glucoiberin, glucoraphanin, and glucobrassicin, the main anticarcinogenic glucosinolates, could be enhanced simultaneously because of their high positive correlations. The relationship between glucosinolates and antioxidant capacity indicated that glucobrassicin might contribute to the total antioxidant capacity. These results provide useful information related to consumption, breeding of functional varieties, and use of the non-edible organs of Chinese kale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Chang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yue Jian
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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29
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Jiang D, Lei J, Cao B, Wu S, Chen G, Chen C. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Three Glucosinolate Transporter (GTR) Genes from Chinese Kale. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10030202. [PMID: 30857170 PMCID: PMC6471314 DOI: 10.3390/genes10030202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese kale is a native vegetable in Southern China and the flowering stalk is the most commonly used edible part due to its high glucosinolate content and other nutritional qualities. The GTR protein played important roles in the glucosinolate transport process. In this study, three BocGTR1 genes were cloned from Chinese kale for the first time. Their gene structure, physicochemical properties, signal peptides, transmembrane structures, functional domains, second and third-order protein structures, and phylogenetic relationships were predicted. The expression levels of BocGTR1a and BocGTR1c were much higher than those of BocGTR1b in various tissues, especially in leaves and buds. In addition, the expression patterns of three genes were examined under various abiotic stresses or hormone treatment, including those induced by wounding, heat stress, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, salt, and MgCl2 treatment. BocGTR1a and BocGTR1c were strongly induced by wounding and heat stress. The expression of BocGTR1a and BocGTR1c was significantly silenced in plants transformed by RNAi technology. Total glucosinolate content was significantly decreased in mature leaves and increased in roots of RNAi-transformed plants compared to wild-type plants. In addition, we found that BocGTR1a and BocGTR1c may participate in glucosinolate accumulation in different tissues with a selection for specific glucosinolates. These results indicated that BocGTR1a and BocGTR1c may be the key genes involved in the glucosinolate accumulation in different tissues of Chinese kale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jianjun Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Bihao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Siyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Guoju Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Changming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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30
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Sun B, Tian YX, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Wang Y, Li MY, Gong RG, Wang XR, Zhang F, Tang HR. Variations in the glucosinolates of the individual edible parts of three stem mustards ( Brassica juncea). ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:182054. [PMID: 30891304 PMCID: PMC6408409 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.182054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The composition and content of glucosinolates were investigated in the edible parts (petioles, peel and flesh) of tuber mustard, bamboo shoots mustard and baby mustard by high-performance liquid chromatography to reveal the association between the different cooking methods and their glucosinolate profiles. Eight glucosinolates were identified from tuber mustard and baby mustard, including three aliphatic glucosinolates, four indole glucosinolates and one aromatic glucosinolate. Only six of the eight glucosinolates were detected in bamboo shoots mustard. The results show that the distribution and content of glucosinolates varied widely among the different tissues and species. The highest contents of glucosinolates in tuber mustard, bamboo shoots mustard and baby mustard were found in flesh, petioles and peel, respectively. The content of total glucosinolates ranged from 5.21 µmol g-1 dry weight in bamboo shoots mustard flesh to 25.64 µmol g-1 dry weight in baby mustard peel. Aliphatic glucosinolates were predominant in the three stem mustards, followed by indole and aromatic glucosinolates. Sinigrin was the predominant glucosinolate in the three stem mustards. Sinigrin content in tuber mustard was slightly higher than that in baby mustard and much higher than that in bamboo shoots mustard, suggesting that the pungent-tasting stem mustards contained more sinigrin. In addition, a principal components analysis showed that bamboo shoots mustard was distinguishable from the other two stem mustards. A variance analysis indicated that the glucosinolates were primarily influenced by a species × tissue interaction. The correlations among glucosinolates were also analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xiao Tian
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Gao Gong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Rong Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
- Authors for correspondence: Fen Zhang e-mail:
| | - Hao-Ru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
- Authors for correspondence: Hao-Ru Tang e-mail:
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31
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Cai C, Yuan W, Miao H, Deng M, Wang M, Lin J, Zeng W, Wang Q. Functional Characterization of BoaMYB51s as Central Regulators of Indole Glucosinolate Biosynthesis in Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1599. [PMID: 30459789 PMCID: PMC6232877 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
R2R3-MYB transcription factor MYB51 is known to control indole glucosinolate (indole GSL) biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Here, two copies of BoaMYB51 have been isolated in Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey), designated BoaMYB51.1 and BoaMYB51.2, which exhibit overlapping but distinct expression levels among different organs and respond to signaling molecules in a similar pattern. It has been demonstrated a structural and functional conservation between BoaMYB51s and AtMYB51 by phylogenetic analysis, complementation studies and transient expression assay. To further investigate the transcriptional mechanism, we identified the transcriptional activation domain (TAD) and putative interacting proteins of BoaMYB51s by means of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two hybrid. Using tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) transient expression assay, we confirmed that the carboxy-end is required for transcriptional activation activity of BoaMYB51s. In addition, several BoaMYB51-interacting proteins have been identified by yeast two-hybrid screening. These results provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms by which MYB51 transcriptionally regulates indole GSL biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congxi Cai
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Yuan
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiying Miao
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingdan Deng
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayao Lin
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou, China
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32
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Sun B, Tian YX, Jiang M, Yuan Q, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Zhang F, Tang HR. Variation in the main health-promoting compounds and antioxidant activity of whole and individual edible parts of baby mustard (Brassica juncea var. gemmifera). RSC Adv 2018; 8:33845-33854. [PMID: 35548826 PMCID: PMC9086739 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05504a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The main differences of health-promoting compounds and antioxidant activity of whole and individual edible parts of baby mustard were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
| | - Yu-Xiao Tian
- College of Horticulture
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
| | - Min Jiang
- College of Horticulture
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
| | - Qiao Yuan
- College of Horticulture
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
| | - Fen Zhang
- College of Horticulture
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
| | - Hao-Ru Tang
- College of Horticulture
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
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33
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Miao HY, Wang MY, Chang JQ, Tao H, Sun B, Wang QM. Effects of glucose and gibberellic acid on glucosinolate content and antioxidant properties of Chinese kale sprouts. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:1093-1100. [PMID: 29204989 PMCID: PMC5742292 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates, anthocyanins, total phenols, and vitamin C, as well as antioxidant capacity, were investigated in Chinese kale sprouts treated with both glucose and gibberellic acid (GA3). The combination of 3% (0.03 g/ml) glucose and 5 μmol/L GA3 treatment was effective in increasing glucosinolate content while glucose or GA3 treatment alone did not influence significantly almost all individual glucosinolates or total glucosinolates. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Chinese kale sprouts were enhanced by combined treatment with glucose and GA3, which could be useful in improving the main health-promoting compounds and antioxidant activity in Chinese kale sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-ying Miao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meng-yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia-qi Chang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Han Tao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiao-mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Cui ML, Yang HY, He GQ. Apoptosis induction of colorectal cancer cells HTL-9 in vitro by the transformed products of soybean isoflavones by Ganoderma lucidum. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 18:1101-1112. [PMID: 29204990 PMCID: PMC5742293 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Soybean isoflavones have been one of the potential preventive candidates for antitumor research in recent years. In this paper, we first studied the transformation of soybean isoflavones with the homogenized slurry of Ganoderma lucidum. The resultant transformed products (TSI) contained (703.21±4.35) mg/g of genistein, with transformed rates of 96.63% and 87.82% of daidzein and genistein, respectively, and TSI also could enrich the bioactive metabolites of G. lucidum. The antitumor effects of TSI on human colorectal cancer cell line HTL-9, human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, and human immortalized gastric epithelial cell line GES-1 were also studied. The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that TSI could dramatically reduce the viability rates of HTL-9 cells and MCF-7 cells without detectable cytotoxicity on GES-1 normal cells when the TSI concentration was lower than 100 μg/ml. With 100 μg/ml of TSI, HTL-9 cells were arrested in the G1 phase, and late-apoptosis was primarily induced, accompanied with partial early-apoptosis. TSI could induce primarily early-apoptosis by arresting cells in the G1 phase of MCF-7 cells. For HTL-9 cells, Western-blot and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that TSI (100 μg/ml) can up-regulate the expression of Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and cytochrome c (Cyto-c), indicating that TSI could induce cell apoptosis mainly through the mitochondrial pathway. In addition, the expression of p53 was up-regulated, while the expression of Survivin and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was down-regulated. All these results showed that TSI could induce apoptosis of HTL-9 cells by the regulation of multiple apoptosis-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-lin Cui
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, China
| | - Huan-yi Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guo-qing He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Bell L, Wagstaff C. Enhancement Of Glucosinolate and Isothiocyanate Profiles in Brassicaceae Crops: Addressing Challenges in Breeding for Cultivation, Storage, and Consumer-Related Traits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9379-9403. [PMID: 28968493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs) produced by Brassicaceae plants are popular targets for analysis due to the health benefits associated with them. Breeders aim to increase the concentrations in commercial varieties; however, there are few examples of this. The most well-known is Beneforté broccoli, which has increased glucoraphanin/sulforaphane concentrations compared to those of conventional varieties. It was developed through traditional breeding methods with considerations for processing, consumption, and health made throughout this process. Many studies presented in the literature do not take a holistic approach, and key points about breeding, cultivation methods, postharvest storage, sensory attributes, and consumer preferences are not properly taken into account. In this review, we draw together data for multiple species and address how such factors can influence GSL profiles. We encourage researchers and institutions to engage with industry and consumers to produce research that can be utilized in the improvement of Brassicaceae crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Bell
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Wagstaff
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Huang J, Zheng C, Cai C, Wang Q, Wu CA. Salt and methyl jasmonate aggravate growth inhibition and senescence in Arabidopsis seedlings via the JA signaling pathway. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 261:1-9. [PMID: 28554688 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the function of salinity or jasmonic acid (JA) in plant growth and senescence. This study evaluated how the combination of salinity and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) (SaM) worked as a novel stress and then regulated plant growth in Arabidopsis. Firstly, we found that compared with MeJA or NaCl treatment alone, SaM would significantly intensified plant growth inhibition and senescence in wild-type (WT) seedlings, and these phenotypes could be partially compromised after SaM stress in JA-insensitive mutants. Meanwhile, genes involved in JA signaling and Senescence Associated Gene 13 (SAG13) were dramatically increased by SaM stress than that by MeJA or NaCl alone in WT. Moreover, a group of secondary metabolite - indolic glucosinolates (IGs) showed obvious over-accumulation after SaM treatment than that after each single one in WT, and the seedlings treated with IGs' metabolites performed similar inhibited growth and chlorotic leaves phenotypes compared with those caused by SaM stress. All these indicated the toxicity of IGs and their metabolites would prevent the growth progress of plants. Therefore, we concluded that SaM worked as a novel stress and intensified plant growth inhibition and senescence, which was dependent on JA-dependent and -independent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jinguang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chengchao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Congxi Cai
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chang-Ai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China.
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Development of new apple beverages rich in isothiocyanates by using extracts obtained from ultrasound-treated cauliflower by-products: Evaluation of physical properties and consumer acceptance. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Wang YQ, Hu LP, Liu GM, Zhang DS, He HJ. Evaluation of the Nutritional Quality of Chinese Kale (Brassica alboglabra Bailey) Using UHPLC-Quadrupole-Orbitrap MS/MS-Based Metabolomics. Molecules 2017; 22:E1262. [PMID: 28749430 PMCID: PMC6152293 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra Bailey) is a widely consumed vegetable which is rich in antioxidants and anticarcinogenic compounds. Herein, we used an untargeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-Quadrupole-Orbitrap MS/MS-based metabolomics strategy to study the nutrient profiles of Chinese kale. Seven Chinese kale cultivars and three different edible parts were evaluated, and amino acids, sugars, organic acids, glucosinolates and phenolic compounds were analysed simultaneously. We found that two cultivars, a purple-stem cultivar W1 and a yellow-flower cultivar Y1, had more health-promoting compounds than others. The multivariate statistical analysis results showed that gluconapin was the most important contributor for discriminating both cultivars and edible parts. The purple-stem cultivar W1 had higher levels of some phenolic acids and flavonoids than the green stem cultivars. Compared to stems and leaves, the inflorescences contained more amino acids, glucosinolates and most of the phenolic acids. Meanwhile, the stems had the least amounts of phenolic compounds among the organs tested. Metabolomics is a powerful approach for the comprehensive understanding of vegetable nutritional quality. The results provide the basis for future metabolomics-guided breeding and nutritional quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qin Wang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 10097, China.
| | - Li-Ping Hu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 10097, China.
| | - Guang-Min Liu
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 10097, China.
| | - De-Shuang Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 10097, China.
| | - Hong-Ju He
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 10097, China.
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Yin L, Chen H, Cao B, Lei J, Chen G. Molecular Characterization of MYB28 Involved in Aliphatic Glucosinolate Biosynthesis in Chinese Kale ( Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1083. [PMID: 28680435 PMCID: PMC5478679 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are Brassicaceae-specific secondary metabolites that act as crop protectants, flavor precursors, and cancer-prevention agents, which shows strong evidences of anticarcinogentic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. MYB28, the R2R3-MYB28 transcription factor, directly activates genes involved in aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis. In this study, the MYB28 homology (BoaMYB28) was identified in Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey). Analysis of the nucleotide sequence indicated that the cDNA of BoaMYB28 was 1257 bp with an ORF of 1020 bp. The deduced BoaMYB28 protein was a polypeptide of 339 amino acid with a putative molecular mass of 38 kDa and a pI of 6.87. Sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis showed that BoaMYB28 was most closely related to MYB28 homologs from the Brassicaceae family. The expression levels of BoaMYB28 varies across the tissues and developmental stages. BoaMYB28 transcript levels were higher in leaves and stems compared with those in cotyledons, flowers, and siliques. BoaMYB28 was expressed across all developmental leaf stages, with higher transcript accumulation in mature and inflorescence leaves. Over-expression and RNAi studies showed that BoaMYB28 retains the basic MYB28 gene function as a major transcriptional regulator of aliphatic glucosinolate pathway. The results indicated that over-expression and RNAi lines showed no visible difference on plant morphology. The contents of aliphatic glucosinolates and transcript levels of aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis genes increased in over-expression lines and decreased in RNAi lines. In over-expression lines, aliphatic glucosinolate contents were 1.5- to 3-fold higher than those in the wild-type, while expression levels of aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis genes were 1.5- to 4-fold higher than those in the wild-type. In contrast, the contents of aliphatic glucosinolates and transcript levels of aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis genes in RNAi lines were considerably lower than those in the wild-type. The results suggest that BoaMYB28 has the potential to alter the aliphatic glucosinolates contents in Chinese kale at the genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yin
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Hancai Chen
- Vegetable Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Bihao Cao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Lei
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Guoju Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
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40
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Wu S, Lei J, Chen G, Chen H, Cao B, Chen C. De novo Transcriptome Assembly of Chinese Kale and Global Expression Analysis of Genes Involved in Glucosinolate Metabolism in Multiple Tissues. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:92. [PMID: 28228764 PMCID: PMC5296335 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chinese kale, a vegetable of the cruciferous family, is a popular crop in southern China and Southeast Asia due to its high glucosinolate content and nutritional qualities. However, there is little research on the molecular genetics and genes involved in glucosinolate metabolism and its regulation in Chinese kale. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the transcriptomes and expression profiles of genes expressed in 11 tissues of Chinese kale. A total of 216 million 150-bp clean reads were generated using RNA-sequencing technology. From the sequences, 98,180 unigenes were assembled for the whole plant, and 49,582~98,423 unigenes were assembled for each tissue. Blast analysis indicated that a total of 80,688 (82.18%) unigenes exhibited similarity to known proteins. The functional annotation and classification tools used in this study suggested that genes principally expressed in Chinese kale, were mostly involved in fundamental processes, such as cellular and molecular functions, the signal transduction, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The expression levels of all unigenes were analyzed in various tissues of Chinese kale. A large number of candidate genes involved in glucosinolate metabolism and its regulation were identified, and the expression patterns of these genes were analyzed. We found that most of the genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis were highly expressed in the root, petiole, and in senescent leaves. The expression patterns of ten glucosinolate biosynthetic genes from RNA-seq were validated by quantitative RT-PCR in different tissues. These results provided an initial and global overview of Chinese kale gene functions and expression activities in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghua Wu
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Lei
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Guoju Chen
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Hancai Chen
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Bihao Cao
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bihao Cao
| | - Changming Chen
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Changming Chen
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41
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Possenti M, Baima S, Raffo A, Durazzo A, Giusti AM, Natella F. Glucosinolates in Food. REFERENCE SERIES IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-25462-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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42
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Vieites-Outes C, López-Hernández J, Lage-Yusty MA. Modification of glucosinolates in turnip greens (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa L.) subjected to culinary heat processes. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2016.1154609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Vieites-Outes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy. University of Santiago de Compostela. 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Julia López-Hernández
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy. University of Santiago de Compostela. 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Asunción Lage-Yusty
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy. University of Santiago de Compostela. 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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43
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Guo R, Huang Z, Deng Y, Chen X, XuHan X, Lai Z. Comparative Transcriptome Analyses Reveal a Special Glucosinolate Metabolism Mechanism in Brassica alboglabra Sprouts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1497. [PMID: 27757119 PMCID: PMC5047911 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Brassica sprouts contain abundant phytochemicals, especially glucosinolates (GSs). Various methods have been used to enhance GS content in sprouts. However, the molecular basis of GS metabolism in sprouts remains an open question. Here we employed RNA-seq analysis to compare the transcriptomes of high-GS (JL-08) and low-GS (JL-09) Brassica alboglabra sprouts. Paired-end Illumina RNA-seq reads were generated and mapped to the Brassica oleracea reference genome. The differentially expressed genes were analyzed between JL-08 and JL-09. Among these, 1477 genes were up-regulated and 1239 down-regulated in JL-09 compared with JL-08. Enrichment analysis of these differentially expressed genes showed that the GS biosynthesis had the smallest enrichment factor and the highest Q-value of all metabolic pathways in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database, indicating the main metabolic difference between JL-08 and JL-09 is the GS biosynthetic pathway. Thirty-seven genes of the sequenced data were annotated as putatively involved in GS biosynthesis, degradation, and regulation, of which 11 were differentially expressed in JL-08 and JL-09. The expression level of GS degradation enzyme myrosinase in high-GS JL-08 was lower compared with low-GS JL-09. Surprisingly, in high-GS JL-08, the expression levels of GS biosynthesis genes were also lower than those in low-GS JL-09. As the GS contents in sprouts are determined by dynamic equilibrium of seed stored GS mobilization, de novo synthesis, degradation, and extra transport, the result of this study leads us to suggest that efforts to increase GS content should focus on either raising GS content in seeds or decreasing myrosinase activity, rather than improving the expression level of GS biosynthesis genes in sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfang Guo
- Department of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Zhongkai Huang
- Department of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Yanping Deng
- Department of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Xu XuHan
- Department of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Institut de la Recherche Interdisciplinaire de ToulouseToulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Xu XuHan
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Department of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Zhongxiong Lai
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Guo R, Deng Y, Huang Z, Chen X, XuHan X, Lai Z. Identification of miRNAs Affecting the Establishment of Brassica Alboglabra Seedling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1760. [PMID: 28018366 PMCID: PMC5147431 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important for plant development including seed formation, dormancy, and germination, as well as seedling establishment. The Brassica vegetable seedling establishment stage influences the development of high quality seedlings, but also affects the nutrient content of sprouts. Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra) seedlings at different growth stages were used to construct two small-RNA (sRNA) libraries. We comprehensively analyzed the miRNAs in 2- and 9-day-old seedlings. An average of 11,722,490 clean reads were generated after removing low-quality reads and adapter contaminants. The results revealed that 37.65 and 26.69% of the sRNAs in 2- and 9-day-old seedlings, respectively, were 24 nt long. In total, 254 known mature miRNA sequences from 228 miRNA families and 343 novel miRNAs were identified. Of these miRNAs, 224 were differentially expressed between the two analyzed libraries. The most abundant miRNAs identified by sequence homology were miR156, miR167, and miR157, each with more than 100,000 sequenced reads. Compared with the expression levels in 2-day-old seedlings, MiR8154 and miR390 were the most up- and down-regulated miRNAs respectively in 9-day-old seedlings. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed-miRNA target genes affecting biological processes revealed that most genes were in the "regulation of transcription" category. Additionally, the expression patterns of some miRNAs and target genes were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We determined that development-associated miRNAs (e.g., bal-miR156/157/159/166/167/172/396), were highly-expressed during seedling-establishment stage, as were stress-related (bal-miR408) and metabolism-related (bal-miR826) miRNAs. Combined with the low level of targets SPL9 and AP2, it was concluded that miR156-SPL9 and miR172-AP modules play key roles during the B. alboglabra seedling establishment stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfang Guo
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Yanping Deng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Zhongkai Huang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Xu XuHan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Institut de la Recherche Interdisciplinaire de ToulouseToulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Xu XuHan
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- Zhongxiong Lai
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Yin L, Chen C, Chen G, Cao B, Lei J. Molecular Cloning, Expression Pattern and Genotypic Effects on Glucoraphanin Biosynthetic Related Genes in Chinese Kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey). Molecules 2015; 20:20254-67. [PMID: 26569208 PMCID: PMC6332273 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201119688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucoraphanin is a plant secondary metabolite that is involved in plant defense and imparts health-promoting properties to cruciferous vegetables. In this study, three genes involved in glucoraphanin metabolism, branched-chain aminotransferase 4 (BCAT4), methylthioalkylmalate synthase 1 (MAM1) and dihomomethionine N-hydroxylase (CYP79F1), were cloned from Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey). Sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis identified these genes and confirmed the evolutionary status of Chinese kale. The transcript levels of BCAT4, MAM1 and CYP79F1 were higher in cotyledon, leaf and stem compared with flower and silique. BCAT4, MAM1 and CYP79F1 were expressed throughout leaf development with lower transcript levels during the younger stages. Glucoraphanin content varied extensively among different varieties, which ranged from 0.25 to 2.73 µmol·g(-1) DW (dry weight). Expression levels of BCAT4 and MAM1 were high at vegetative-reproductive transition phase, while CYP79F1 was expressed high at reproductive phase. BCAT4, MAM1 and CYP79F1 were expressed significantly high in genotypes with high glucoraphanin content. All the results provided a better understanding of the roles of BCAT4, MAM1 and CYP79F1 in the glucoraphanin biosynthesis of Chinese kale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yin
- Department of Hortscience, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Changming Chen
- Department of Hortscience, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Guoju Chen
- Department of Hortscience, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Bihao Cao
- Department of Hortscience, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jianjun Lei
- Department of Hortscience, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Effects of light quality on main health-promoting compounds and antioxidant capacity of Chinese kale sprouts. Food Chem 2015; 196:1232-8. [PMID: 26593611 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different light qualities, including white, red and blue lights, on main health-promoting compounds and antioxidant capacity of Chinese kale sprouts were investigated using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a light source. Our results showed that blue light treatment significantly decreased the content of gluconapin, the primary compound for bitter flavor in shoots, while increased the glucoraphanin content in roots. Moreover, the maximum content of vitamin C was detected in the white-light grown sprouts and the highest levels of total phenolic and anthocyanins, as well as the strongest antioxidant capacity were observed in blue-light grown sprouts. Taken together, the application of a colorful light source is a good practice for improvement of the consumers' acceptance and the nutritional phtyochemicals of Chinese kale sprouts.
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Borges A, Abreu AC, Ferreira C, Saavedra MJ, Simões LC, Simões M. Antibacterial activity and mode of action of selected glucosinolate hydrolysis products against bacterial pathogens. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 52:4737-48. [PMID: 26243895 PMCID: PMC4519465 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants contain numerous components that are important sources of new bioactive molecules with antimicrobial properties. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are plant secondary metabolites found in cruciferous vegetables that are arising as promising antimicrobial agents in food industry. The aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial activity of two isothiocyanates (ITCs), allylisothiocyanate (AITC) and 2-phenylethylisothiocyanate (PEITC) against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. The antibacterial mode of action was also characterized by the assessment of different physiological indices: membrane integrity, intracellular potassium release, physicochemical surface properties and surface charge. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AITC and PEITC was 100 μg/mL for all bacteria. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the ITCs was at least 10 times higher than the MIC. Both AITC and PEITC changed the membrane properties of the bacteria decreasing their surface charge and compromising the integrity of the cytoplasmatic membrane with consequent potassium leakage and propidium iodide uptake. The surface hydrophobicity was also non-specifically altered (E. coli and L. monocytogenes become less hydrophilic; P. aeruginosa and S. aureus become more hydrophilic). This study shows that AITC and PEITC have strong antimicrobial potential against the bacteria tested, through the disruption of the bacterial cell membranes. Moreover, phytochemicals are highlighted as a valuable sustainable source of new bioactive products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Borges
- />LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- />CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center, Veterinary Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Abreu
- />LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Ferreira
- />LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Saavedra
- />CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center, Veterinary Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lúcia C. Simões
- />LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- />IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- />LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Qian H, Sun B, Miao H, Cai C, Xu C, Wang Q. Variation of glucosinolates and quinone reductase activity among different varieties of Chinese kale and improvement of glucoraphanin by metabolic engineering. Food Chem 2014; 168:321-6. [PMID: 25172716 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The variation of glucosinolates and quinone reductase (QR) activity in fourteen varieties of Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey) was investigated in the present study. Results showed that gluconapin (GNA), instead of glucoraphanin (GRA), was the most predominant glucosinolate in all varieties, and QR activity was remarkably positively correlated with the glucoraphanin level. AOP2, a tandem 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, catalyzes the conversion of glucoraphanin to gluconapin in glucosinolate biosynthesis. Here, antisense AOP2 was transformed into Gailan-04, the variety with the highest gluconapin content and ratio of GNA/GRA. The glucoraphanin content and corresponding QR activity were notably increased in transgenic plants, while no significant difference at the level of other main nutritional compounds (total phenolics, vitamin C, carotenoids and chlorophyll) was observed between the transgenic lines and the wide-type plants. Taken together, metabolic engineering is a good practice for improvement of glucoraphanin in Chinese kale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Qian
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huiying Miao
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Congxi Cai
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chaojiong Xu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Hol WHG, De Boer W, Termorshuizen AJ, Meyer KM, Schneider JHM, Van Der Putten WH, Van Dam NM. Heterodera schachtii nematodes interfere with aphid-plant relations on Brassica oleracea. J Chem Ecol 2013; 39:1193-203. [PMID: 24014097 PMCID: PMC3790247 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-013-0338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aboveground and belowground herbivore species modify plant defense responses differently. Simultaneous attack can lead to non-additive effects on primary and secondary metabolite composition in roots and shoots. We previously found that aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) population growth on Brassica oleracea was reduced on plants that were infested with nematodes (Heterodera schachtii) prior (4 weeks) to aphid infestation. Here, we examined how infection with root-feeding nematodes affected primary and secondary metabolites in the host plant and whether this could explain the increase in aphid doubling time from 3.8 to 6.7 days. We hypothesized that the effects of herbivores on plant metabolites would depend on the presence of the other herbivore and that nematode-induced changes in primary metabolites would correlate with reduced aphid performance. Total glucosinolate concentration in the leaves was not affected by nematode presence, but the composition of glucosinolates shifted, as gluconapin concentrations were reduced, while gluconapoleiferin concentrations increased in plants exposed to nematodes. Aphid presence increased 4-methoxyglucobrassicin concentrations in leaves, which correlated positively with the number of aphids per plant. Nematodes decreased amino acid and sugar concentrations in the phloem. Aphid population doubling time correlated negatively with amino acids and glucosinolate levels in leaves, whereas these correlations were non-significant when nematodes were present. In conclusion, the effects of an herbivore on plant metabolites were independent of the presence of another herbivore. Nematode presence reduced aphid population growth and disturbed feeding relations between plants and aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Gera Hol
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands,
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Miao H, Wei J, Zhao Y, Yan H, Sun B, Huang J, Wang Q. Glucose signalling positively regulates aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:1097-109. [PMID: 23329848 PMCID: PMC3580823 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The effects of glucose on aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana were investigated in this study by using mutants related to aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis and regulation, as well as glucose signalling. The results showed that glucose significantly increased the contents of individual and total aliphatic glucosinolates. Expression of MYB28 and MYB29, two key transcription factors in aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis, was also induced by glucose. Consistently, the increased accumulation of aliphatic glucosinolates and the up-regulated expression of CYP79F1 and CYP79F2 induced by glucose disappeared in the double mutant myb28myb29. MYB28 and MYB29 synergistically functioned in the glucose-induced biosynthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates, but MYB28 was predominant over MYB29. Interestingly, the content of total aliphatic glucosinolates and the expression level of MYB28 and MYB29 were substantially reduced in the glucose insensitive mutant gin2-1 and the ABA insensitive 5 (abi5-7) mutant compared with the wild type. In addition, total aliphatic glucosinolates accumulated much less in another sugar-insensitive RGS1 (regulator of G-protein signaling 1) mutant (rgs1-2) than in the wild type. These results suggest that glucose-promoted aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis is regulated by HXK1- and/or RGS1-mediated signalling via transcription factors, MYB28, MYB29, and ABI5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Miao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- *Present address: Institution of Sericulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yanting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huizhuan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jirong Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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