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Cheng Z, Xiong Y, Ma T, Wang Q, Song M, Zhao Q, Zhang N, Guo J, Wang Y, Hou Z, Lu Z. Dissipation and Risk Assessment of Propaquizafop in Ginseng under Field Conditions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6613-6624. [PMID: 38501445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Propaquizafop is a highly efficient aryloxy phenoxy propionate chiral herbicide. However, the use of propaquizafop, including its safe use methods, residue patterns, dietary risk assessment, and maximum residue limits, for ginseng, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, has not been studied. An analytical method was established for the simultaneous determination of propaquizafop and its four metabolites in ginseng soil, fresh ginseng, ginseng plant, and dried ginseng using HPLC-MS/MS. This approach showed good linearity (R2 ranging from 0.9827 to 0.9999) and limit of quantification ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 mg/kg. The intra- and interday recovery rates of this method ranged from 71.6 to 107.1% with relative standard deviation ranging from 1.3 to 23.2%. The method was applied to detect residual samples in the field, and it was found that the degradation of propaquizafop in ginseng plants and soil followed a first-order kinetic equation. R2 was between 0.8913 and 0.9666, and the half-life (t1/2) ranged from 5.04 to 8.05 days, indicating that it was an easily degradable pesticide (T1/2 < 30 days). The final propaquizafop residues in ginseng soil, plants, fresh ginseng, and dried ginseng ranged from 0.017 to 0.691 mg/kg. A dietary risk assessment was conducted on the final propaquizafop residue in fresh and dried ginseng. The results showed that the chronic exposure risk quotient values were less than 100% for fresh and dried ginseng (1.15% for fresh ginseng and 1.13% for dried ginseng). This illustrates that the dietary risk associated with the use of 10% propaquizafop emulsifiable concentrate in ginseng is very low. Thus, applying 750 mL/ha of propaquizafop on ginseng could not pose an unacceptable risk to public health. The results of the present study support the registration of propaquizafop in ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yang Xiong
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Tengda Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qingyi Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Mingxia Song
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qinghui Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jingbo Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yahe Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhiguang Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhongbin Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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Nie X, Xie G, Huo Z, Zhang B, Lu H, Huang Y, Li X, Dai L, Huang S, Yu A. Optimization and Application of the QuEChERS-UHPLC-QTOF-MS Method for the Determination of Broflanilide Residues in Agricultural Soils. Molecules 2024; 29:1428. [PMID: 38611708 PMCID: PMC11012774 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the separation conditions of UHPLC-QTOF-MS and the extraction conditions of QuEChERS were optimized. The analytical process for determining Broflanilide residues in different soil types was successfully established and applied to its adsorption, desorption, and leaching in soil. Broflanilide was extracted from soil with acetonitrile and purified using PSA and MgSO4. The modified UHPLC-QTOF-MS method was used for quantification. The average recovery of Broflanilide was between 87.7% and 94.38%, with the RSD lower than 7.6%. In the analysis of adsorption, desorption, and leaching quantities in four soil types, the RSD was less than 9.2%, showing good stability of the method, which can be applied to determine the residue of Broflanilide in different soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Nie
- Changsha General Survey of Natural Resources Centre, China Geological Survey, No. 258 Xuefu Road, Suburban Street, Changsha 410000, China; (X.N.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (L.D.)
| | - Guai Xie
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, No. 1629 West Fenglin Road, Economic and Technological Development Area, Nanchang 330000, China; (G.X.); (B.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Zhitao Huo
- Changsha General Survey of Natural Resources Centre, China Geological Survey, No. 258 Xuefu Road, Suburban Street, Changsha 410000, China; (X.N.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (L.D.)
| | - Baoyu Zhang
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, No. 1629 West Fenglin Road, Economic and Technological Development Area, Nanchang 330000, China; (G.X.); (B.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Haifei Lu
- College of Urban Construction, Zhejiang Shuren University, No. 8 Shuren Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yi Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1688 Meiling Road, Xinjian District, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Xin Li
- Changsha General Survey of Natural Resources Centre, China Geological Survey, No. 258 Xuefu Road, Suburban Street, Changsha 410000, China; (X.N.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (L.D.)
| | - Liangliang Dai
- Changsha General Survey of Natural Resources Centre, China Geological Survey, No. 258 Xuefu Road, Suburban Street, Changsha 410000, China; (X.N.); (Z.H.); (X.L.); (L.D.)
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, No. 1629 West Fenglin Road, Economic and Technological Development Area, Nanchang 330000, China; (G.X.); (B.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Ailin Yu
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, No. 1629 West Fenglin Road, Economic and Technological Development Area, Nanchang 330000, China; (G.X.); (B.Z.); (S.H.)
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Yuan X, Kim CJ, Noh HH. An LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of 380 Pesticides in Soybeans, Kidney Beans, Black Soybeans, and Mung Beans: The Effect of Bean Grinding on Incurred Residues and Partitioning. Foods 2023; 12:4477. [PMID: 38137280 PMCID: PMC10742660 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The significance of sample grinding is frequently disregarded during the development of analytical methods, which are often validated with spiked samples that may not accurately reflect incurred residues. This study investigated the particle size of ground beans as a key factor in optimizing extraction efficiency in order to develop a simple quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS)-based modified method for identifying 380 pesticides in beans using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The efficacy of pesticide extraction was found to be significantly affected by particle size. With small particle sizes (>40 mesh), no supernatant was recovered after QuEChERS partitioning. Therefore, a simple modification was performed before partitioning. The modified method was validated for selective extraction of pesticides, limits of quantification, linearity, accuracy, and precision. This method is simple to implement and, therefore, useful for the analysis of pesticide residues in beans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyun Ho Noh
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (X.Y.); (C.J.K.)
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Wu X, Xie Y, Tong K, Chang Q, Hu X, Fan C, Chen H. Simultaneous Screening and Quantification of 479 Pesticides in Green Tea by LC-QTOF-MS. Foods 2023; 12:4177. [PMID: 38002237 PMCID: PMC10670754 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-throughput screening and quantification method for 479 pesticides in green tea was established based on solid-phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). Pesticides were extracted from samples using an optimized SPE (TPT cartridges) procedure. LC-QTOF-MS in All Ions MS/MS scan mode acquired full MS data for quantification and product ion spectra for identification. LC-QTOF-MS quantification was achieved using matrix-matched standard calibration curves to achieve the optimal method accuracy. The method performance characteristics included the linearity, overall recovery, precision, and measurement uncertainty being evaluated. The validation results exhibited a good sensitivity with the LOQs of 5-55 µg/kg, which was satisfactory for their MRLs in China or the EU. The recoveries of more than 92.7% of the 479 pesticides in green tea were 70-120% at the three spiked levels with a precision of ≤20%. Finally, this method was employed to analyze 479 pesticides in 95 tea samples from markets in China. The test results of the tea samples showed that tolfenpyrad, buprofezin, and pyridaben were found with lower concentrations. The method has effectively improved the determination efficiency of pesticide residue screening by high-resolution mass spectrometry in green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Chen
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, No. 11, Ronghua South Road, Beijing 100176, China; (X.W.); (Y.X.); (K.T.); (Q.C.); (X.H.); (C.F.)
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Lima GDS, Pereira I, Maciel LIL, Lima NM, Araujo GL, de Aguiar DVA, Dos Santos GF, Vaz BG. Combining LAESI Imaging and Tissue Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry To Unveil Pesticides Contaminants in Fruits. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2461-2468. [PMID: 37804228 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for developing a strategy to analyze the penetration of pesticides in cultures during postharvest control with minimal or no sample preparation. This study explores the combined use of laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (LAESI imaging) and tissue spray ionization mass spectrometry (TSI-MS) to investigate the penetration of thiabendazole (TBZ) in fruits, simulating a postharvest procedure. Slices of guava and apple were prepared, and an infrared laser beam was used, resulting in the ablation of TBZ directly ionized by electrospray and analyzed by mass spectrometry. The experiments were conducted for 5 days of fruit storage after TBZ administration to simulate a postharvest treatment. During postharvest treatment, TBZ is applied directly to the fruit peel after harvesting. Consequently, TBZ residues may remain on the peel if the consumer does not wash the fruit properly before its consumption. To evaluate the effectiveness of household washing procedures, TSI-MS was employed as a rapid and straightforward technique to monitor the remaining amount of TBZ in guava and apple peels following fruit washing. This study highlights the advantages of LAESI imaging for evaluating TBZ penetration in fruits. Moreover, the powerful capabilities of TSI-MS are demonstrated in monitoring and estimating TBZ residues after pesticide application, enabling the comprehensive unveiling of pesticide contaminants in fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Pereira
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiánia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia V9R 5S5, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiánia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
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Chau SL, Zhao A, Jia W, Wang L. Simultaneous Determination of Pesticide Residues and Mycotoxins in Storage Pu-erh Tea Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2023; 28:6883. [PMID: 37836726 PMCID: PMC10574668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins and pesticides are the most concerning chemical contaminants that can affect the quality of Pu-erh tea during its production and storage. This study presents a method that can simultaneously determine 31 pesticide residues and six mycotoxins in Pu-erh tea within 11 min using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) after QuEChERS extraction. The lower limit of quantification (LOQ) for all analytes ranged between 0.06 and 50 ppb. Recoveries for each pesticide and mycotoxin ranged between 62.0 and 130.3%, with intra- and inter-day precisions lower than 15%. Good linear relationships were obtained, with correlation coefficients of r2 > 0.991 for all analytes. The established method was applied to 31 Pu-erh tea samples, including raw and ripened Pu-erh tea with different storage times. As a result, pesticide residues were not detected in any of the collected samples, and the mycotoxins detected in the samples were well below the official maximum residue limits (MRLs). Notably, the levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) and aflatoxin G2 (AFG2) were lower than 1 ppb in the samples stored for more than 30 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Leung Chau
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; (S.L.C.); (W.J.)
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200023, China;
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; (S.L.C.); (W.J.)
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; (S.L.C.); (W.J.)
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Guo M, Qin Y, Sun H, Li Z, Zhang X, Wang X, Yang M, Luo F, Chen Z, Zhou L. Method validation for detection of afidopyropen and M440I007 in tea. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:5738-5746. [PMID: 37144352 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Afidopyropen is a novel biorational insecticide for controlling piercing pests with great potential for application in tea gardens that can form the metabolite M440I007 when utilized for crops. However, because of a lack of analytical method for afidopyropen and M440I007 in tea, there is no means of monitoring the residues. Therefore, method development, validation and simultaneous determination of afidopyropen and M440I007 in fresh tea leaves, dried tea and tea infusion is of prime significance. RESULTS A TPT cartridge-based method was developed for the solid phase extraction of afidopyropen and M440I007 from tea matrices. Extraction and clean-up conditions, including the composition, volume and temperature of elutions, were optimized to achieve the best results. Both targets were extracted using water and acetonitrile, with a water:acetonitrile (v/v) ratio of 4:10 for fresh leaves and 8:10 for dried tea, which were then cleaned and analyzed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Both analytes demonstrated excellent linearity with a correlation coefficient above 0.998. The optimized analytical method offered limits of quantifications of 0.005, 0.005 and 0.002 mg kg-1 (converted to dried tea) in fresh tea shoots, dried tea and tea infusion for both targets, respectively. Average recoveries of afidopyropen and M440I007 ranged from 79.0% to 101.5%, with relative standard deviations ≤ 14.7%. CONCLUSION The results showed that the method of determination for these insecticides in tea matrices was practical and efficient. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Guo
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Qin
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hezhi Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoqun Li
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengjian Luo
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongmao Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
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Song X, Cao J, Guo S, Wang H, Dong Q, Guo P, Yuan X. Effect of Brassinolide on Soil Microorganisms in Millet Field Polluted by Tribenuron-Methyl. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1829. [PMID: 37513001 PMCID: PMC10384783 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tribenuron-methyl is used to control broad-leaved weeds and has a promising application prospect in millet fields. However, its negative impact on soil ecology cannot be ignored. Brassinosteroids have been widely reported to enhance plant resistance to stress, but information on brassinosteroids for the remediation of pesticide-contaminated soils is limited. Under field conditions, brassinosteroids were applied to explore their effects on the residues of tribenuron-methyl, soil enzyme activity, soil microbiol community, and millet yield. After applying brassinosteroids according to the dose of 150 mL hm-2, the degradation rate of tribenuron-methyl accelerated. Brassinolide stimulated the activities of catalase and dehydrogenase, while the activities of sucrase and alkaline phosphatase were inhibited. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that brassinosteroids inhibited the growth of Verrucomicrobia, Ascomycota, and Mortierellomycota and promoted the abundance of cyanobacteria. Additionally, brassinosteroids could also significantly increase the diversity index and change the community structure of soil bacteria and fungi. Further, the predicted function results indicated that brassinosteroids changed some metabolic-related ecological functions of the soil. We also found that brassinolide could increase millet yields by 2.4% and 13.6%. This study provides a theoretical basis for the safe use of tribenuron-methyl in millet fields and a new idea for the treatment of pesticide residues in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi'e Song
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, No. 81 Longcheng Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Junli Cao
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, No.79, Longcheng Street, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, No. 81 Longcheng Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, No. 81 Longcheng Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Qianhui Dong
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, No. 81 Longcheng Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Pingyi Guo
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, No. 81 Longcheng Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, No. 81 Longcheng Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan 030031, China
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Zhang H, Chang Q, Yang F, Li J, Wu F, Bai R. Magnetic graphitized carbon black based on crystal growth method combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry for screening of 300 pesticide residues in Radix Codonopsis and Angelica sinensis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1226:123788. [PMID: 37329779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a high-throughput method for analyzing 300 pesticide residues in Radix Codonopsis and Angelica sinensis was established by liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF/MS) using iron tetroxide loaded graphitized carbon black magnetic nanomaterial (GCB/Fe3O4) as the purification material. It was optimized that saturated salt water and 1 % acetate acetonitrile were used as the extraction solution, then the supernatant was purified with 2 g anhydrous CaCl2 and 300 mg GCB/Fe3O4. As a result, 300 pesticides in Radix Codonopsis and 260 in Angelica sinensis achieved satisfactory results. The limits of quantification of 91 % and 84 % of the pesticides in Radix Codonopsis and Angelica sinensis reached 10 μg/kg, respectively. The matrix-matched standard curves ranging from 10 to 200 μg/kg were established with correlation coefficients (R) above 0.99. The pesticides meeting SANTE/12682/2021 accounted for 91.3 %, 98.3 %, 100.0 % and 83.8 %, 97.3, 100.0 % of the total pesticides added in Radix Codonopsis and Angelica sinensis respectively, which were spiked at 10, 20,100 μg/kg. The technique was applied to screen 20 batches of Radix Codonopsis and Angelica sinensis. Five pesticides were detected, three of which were prohibited according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition). The experimental results showed that GCB/Fe3O4 coupled with anhydrous CaCl2 exhibited good adsorption performance and could be used for sample pretreatment of various pesticide residues in Radix Codonopsis and Angelica sinensis. Compared with the reported methods for determining pesticides in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the proposed method has the advantage of less time-consuming in the clean-up procedure. Furthermore, as a case study on root TCM, this approach may serve as a reference for other TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Monitoring for State Market Regulation/Lanzhou Institute for Food and Drug control, Gansu, PR China
| | - Qiaoying Chang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Fang Yang
- FuZhou Customs Technical Center, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Monitoring for State Market Regulation/Lanzhou Institute for Food and Drug control, Gansu, PR China
| | - Fuxiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Monitoring for State Market Regulation/Lanzhou Institute for Food and Drug control, Gansu, PR China
| | - Ruobin Bai
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Henan, PR China
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Li Q, Zhang J, Lin T, Fan C, Li Y, Zhang Z, Li J. Migration behavior and dietary exposure risk assessment of pesticides residues in honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) based on modified QuEChERS method coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Food Res Int 2023; 166:112572. [PMID: 36914339 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The honeysuckle was widely appreciated as tea beverage owing to the biological activities and the unique aroma and flavor. It is in urgent requirement to explore the migration behavior and dietary exposure as the pesticide residues would bring about potential risks through honeysuckle intake. The optimized QuEChERS procedure coupled with the HPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS methods were employed to determine 93 pesticide residues of seven classifications including carbamates, pyrethroid, triazoles, neonicotinoids, organophosphorus, organochlorine, and others for 93 honeysuckle samples from four primary production bases. As a result, 86.02% of the samples were contaminated by at least one pesticide. Unexpectedly, the banned pesticide of carbofuran was also identified. The migration behavior of metolcarb was the highest, whereas thiabendazole contributed less risk to the infusion with relative lower transfer rate. Both the chronic and acute exposure yielded low risk for human health with five high risk pesticides of dichlorvos, cyhalothrin, carbofuran, ethomyl, and pyridaben. Besides, this study provides foundation of dietary exposure risk assessment for honeysuckle and other likewise products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- Agro-product Safety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, 11 Ronghua South Road, 100176 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Chunlin Fan
- Agro-product Safety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, 11 Ronghua South Road, 100176 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100093, PR China.
| | - Zijuan Zhang
- Agro-product Safety Research Center, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, 11 Ronghua South Road, 100176 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, China.
| | - Jianxun Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100093, PR China.
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Wang W, Liu Y, Wang Z, Hao G, Song B. The way to AI-controlled synthesis: how far do we need to go? Chem Sci 2022; 13:12604-12615. [PMID: 36519036 PMCID: PMC9645373 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04419f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemical synthesis always plays an irreplaceable role in chemical, materials, and pharmacological fields. Meanwhile, artificial intelligence (AI) is causing a rapid technological revolution in many fields by replacing manual chemical synthesis and has exhibited a much more economical and time-efficient manner. However, the rate-determining step of AI-controlled synthesis systems is rarely mentioned, which makes it difficult to apply them in general laboratories. Here, the history of developing AI-aided synthesis has been overviewed and summarized. We propose that the hardware of AI-controlled synthesis systems should be more adaptive to execute reactions with different phase reagents and under different reaction conditions, and the software of AI-controlled synthesis systems should have richer kinds of reaction prediction modules. An updated system will better address more different kinds of syntheses. Our viewpoint could help scientists advance the revolution that combines AI and synthesis to achieve more progress in complicated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Yingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Gefei Hao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
| | - Baoan Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 P. R. China
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12
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Merhi A, Kordahi R, Hassan HF. A review on the pesticides in coffee: Usage, health effects, detection, and mitigation. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1004570. [PMID: 36424972 PMCID: PMC9681499 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1004570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee is considered among the most popular beverages and is classified as the second most exported item worldwide. The presence of pesticides in this staple commodity is a challenge to import and export activities, in addition to the fact that pesticides are toxins of public health concern. Even if pesticides are applied properly and their residues are within the acceptable range, it is important to know the fate of these pesticides prior to their ingestion. A plethora of research has been done to optimize methods and thus to have valid procedures to test for the presence of pesticides in coffee. In this review, the analytical methods used in these articles to detect and quantify the pesticides in coffee beans, roasted coffee, and coffee infusion were identified. This review highlights as well the main factors that play a key role in having good separation, identification, and recovery of pesticide residues in the aforementioned items. In addition, the review explains the effect of pesticides on human health and the mitigation techniques for pesticide exposure.
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Shu X, Chu N, Zhang X, Yang X, Meng X, Yang J, Wang N. Rapid Analysis of Residues of 186 Pesticides in Hawk Tea Using Modified QuEChERS Coupled with Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12639. [PMID: 36231938 PMCID: PMC9565042 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the QuEChERS method was modified and evaluated for the determination of 186 pesticides from caffeine-free and fatty hawk tea prior to their gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis for the first time. The results showed that the combination of MgSO4 + PSA + MWCNTs plus EMR-Lipid provided the lowest matrix effect and best recovery; 117 of 186 pesticides manifested weak matrix effects. Thus, for accurate quantification, it is necessary to use matrix-matched calibration curves to compensate for the matrix effect. At the spiked level of 0.1 mg/kg, the average recoveries of 184 pesticides were in the range of 70-120% and the RSDs were 0.3-14.4% by the modified method. Good linearity was shown for 186 analytes at concentration of 0.01 mg/L~0.4 mg/L, and the correlation coefficients exceeded 0.99 for 182 pesticides. The detection limits of 186 pesticides by the modified QuEChERS method were 0.001-0.02 mg/kg, and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.005 mg/kg~0.05 mg/kg. The necessity of solvent exchange is also explained in this work. The successful application of the modified QuEChERS in real samples proved that this method could be one of the routine options for analysis of herbal tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Shu
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
- Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Nengming Chu
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
- Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
- Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
- Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
- Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Junying Yang
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
- Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Na Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
- Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 401329, China
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Adenuga AA, Ore OT, Amos OD, Onibudo AO, Ayinuola O, Oyekunle JAO. Organochlorine pesticides in therapeutic teas and human health risk assessment. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS: PART B 2022; 15:301-309. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2022.2127157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Olawole Ayinuola
- Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- W. M. Keck Centre for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
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Kasperkiewicz A, Qin F, Dalmia A, Dillion T. Analysis of Near 400 Pesticides in Tea via LC–MS/MS: Simple Sample Preparation and APCI to Improve Analyte Coverage. LCGC NORTH AMERICA 2022. [DOI: 10.56530/lcgc.na.wu4272x6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
As regulatory laboratories search for and implement consolidated methods for multiple matrix and analyte classes, compound lists increase to hundreds or thousands of targets. Multi-instrument approaches are often relied upon to analyze all pesticide targets, with the workload split between liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) instrumentation. In this work, a simple solvent extraction approach was coupled with dual source electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) modes on an LC–tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) instrument to analyze 395 analytes extracted from black tea (345 compounds via ESI and 50 compounds via APCI, along with the internal standards). Excellent method performance (defined as an accuracy of 70–120% and a precision of <20% at one of two validation levels) was achieved for over 93% of analytes, including compounds normally analyzed by GC–MS, such as trifluralin, chlorfenson, chlormephos, fenchlorphos, etridiazole, and others. This approach can allow the consolidation of a pesticide method to a single instrument or significantly reduce the workload of a complementary GC–MS method.
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Mokhtari S, Khosrowshahi EM, Farajzadeh MA, Mogaddam MRA, Nemati M. Combination of nano-onion-based dispersive solid phase extraction combined with deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for trace analysis of pesticides. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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17
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Kim H, Baek EJ, Shin BG, Kim HJ, Kim JE. In-House Validation of an Efficient and Rapid Procedure for the Simultaneous Determination and Monitoring of 23 Mycotoxins in Grains in Korea. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070457. [PMID: 35878195 PMCID: PMC9318384 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method is described for the simultaneous determination of mycotoxins, including Ergot alkaloids (EAs), in 3 types of grains. The extraction of 23 mycotoxins was evaluated and performed by using a modified QuEChERS-based sample preparation procedure. The proposed method was fully validated on spiked grain samples (barley, wheat and oat) to assess the linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ), matrix effects, precision and recovery. After validation, this method was applied to 143 samples of various types of 3 grains from the Republic of Korea to survey the level of mycotoxin contamination in Republic of Korean grains. A total of 42 grain samples (29%) were contaminated with at least one of these mycotoxins at levels higher than the LOQ. The results demonstrated that the procedure was suitable for simultaneously determining these mycotoxins in cereals and could be performed for their routine analysis in mycotoxin laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoyoung Kim
- Experiment Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Korea; (H.K.); (E.J.B.); (B.G.S.)
- Major in Environment and Life Chemistry, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Baek
- Experiment Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Korea; (H.K.); (E.J.B.); (B.G.S.)
| | - Byeung Gon Shin
- Experiment Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Korea; (H.K.); (E.J.B.); (B.G.S.)
| | - Ho Jin Kim
- Experiment Research Institute, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, 141, Yongjeon-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Korea; (H.K.); (E.J.B.); (B.G.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.J.K.); (J.-E.K.); Tel.: +82-54-429-7871 (H.J.K.); +82-53-950-5720 (J.-E.K.)
| | - Jang-Eok Kim
- Major in Environment and Life Chemistry, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.J.K.); (J.-E.K.); Tel.: +82-54-429-7871 (H.J.K.); +82-53-950-5720 (J.-E.K.)
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Soltani S, Sereshti H. A green alternative QuEChERS developed based on green deep eutectic solvents coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of pesticides in tea samples. Food Chem 2022; 380:132181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Ly TK, Behra P, Nhu-Trang TT. Quantification of 397 pesticide residues in different types of commercial teas: Validation of high accuracy methods and quality assessment. Food Chem 2022; 370:130986. [PMID: 34543922 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Analytical methods with high sensitivity and accuracy were successfully validated for the quantification of 397 pesticides in different types of tea. For the UPLC-MS/MS method, 191 pesticides of 200 ones in total had "soft" matrix effects and could be quantified by calibration curves in the solvent. For the GC-MS/MS method, matrix-matched calibration curves were established on a mixed blank including white, green, oolong and black organic teas. The method limit of quantifications ranged from 1.0 µg kg-1 to 10 µg kg-1 (UPLC-MS/MS) and 1.0 µg kg-1 to 50 µg kg-1 (GC-MS/MS), with 70-120% of recovery. These methods was subsequently applied to 106 tea samples from several origins, in which 26 samples contained at least one pesticide violation, with a total of 43 pesticide residue violations. The most frequently detected pesticides were neonicotinoids, synthetic pyrethroids, and triazole fungicides. Taiwan had the most pesticide-contaminated samples followed by China, Vietnam, and India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan-Kiet Ly
- Center of Analytical Services and Experimentation (CASE), Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle, LCA, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Behra
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle, LCA, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, Toulouse, France
| | - Tran-Thi Nhu-Trang
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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20
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Bhargava A, Bansal A, Goyal V, Bansal P. A review on tea quality and safety using emerging parameters. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Liu X, Sun Y. Determination of multiple antibiotics in agricultural soil using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:602-613. [PMID: 34750965 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we combined ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to establish a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method of detecting 21 target antibiotics in agricultural soil samples. Antibiotics were extracted with mixed solvents consisting of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate and phosphoric acid citric acid buffer and acetonitrile which were purified with octadecylsilyl as an adsorbent and anhydrous sodium sulfate as a desiccant. This method was able to effectively extract all of the target antibiotics from agricultural soils, with recovery efficiencies ranging from 55 to 108% and limits of detection between 0.09-0.68 μg/kg. We also validated this new method for selectivity, sensitivity, and reliability of detecting multiple antibiotics in 12 samples. Considering the potential environmental and public health effects of antibiotics in agricultural soils, our new method can help analyze the degree of antibiotic contamination and provide valuable information for soil quality and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine (CAIQ)TEST Co., Ltd, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Beijing Station of Agro-Environmental Monitoring, Test and Supervision Center of Agro-Environmental Quality, MOA, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
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22
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Qie M, Li S, Guo C, Yang S, Zhao Y. Study of the occurrence of toxic alkaloids in forage grass by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1654:462463. [PMID: 34438299 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The toxic alkaloids in forage grass present a serious health hazard to humans and livestock, especially ergot alkaloids (EAs), pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and tropane alkaloids (TAs). Hence, there is a need for a simultaneous method that allows these dangerous plant toxins to be determined. A simple and effective method was developed to determine fifteen toxic alkaloids (EAs, PAs and TAs) in forage grass using the QuEChERS method and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The developed method was validated with average recoveries ranging from 63.10 to 102.10%, and relative standard deviations lower than or equal to 6.39% were obtained. Good linearity over the concentration range of 10-600 µg/kg dry matter (DM) was observed for the target alkaloids. The determination coefficients R2 calculated for each of the matrix calibration curves were greater than 0.99. The limits of detection and quantification were 5 µg/kg DM and 10 µg/kg DM, respectively. The reproducibility of the method was verified in three laboratories: all of the mean recoveries of 15 alkaloids were higher than 60%, and the relative standard deviations in alkaloids between laboratories were all less than 14.24%. The proposed method was applied to analyse 134 forage grass samples from the meadow steppe of Inner Mongolia to monitor toxic alkaloids. A significant difference in the frequency of contamination was found between different herbage species and different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Qie
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Shuangyue Li
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Chuntao Guo
- Bceijing Purkinje General Instrument Co., Ltd., Beijing 101200, P.R. China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, P.R. China.
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23
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Zhan XP, Liu B, Zhu WF, Chen JB, Ma L, Zhao L, Huang LQ, Chen X. Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Plant Growth Regulator Residues in Cabbage and Grape Using an Optimal QuEChERS Sample Preparation and UHPLC-MS/MS Method. J AOAC Int 2021; 105:129-141. [PMID: 34519786 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, PGRs are widely used in agricultural and forestry production in the world, PGRs, like the traditional pesticides have certain toxicity, naively excessive applied them will cause the acute and chronic poisoning of humans and animals, potential harm to human health. OBJECTIVES In order to assess, prevent and control the residues of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in fruits and vegetables, a set of easy, sensitive, quick, cheap, effective, reliable and safe analytical method that simultaneously detects multiple PGRs residues is urgently needed for the inspection departments of agricultural product's quality safety. METHODS In this study, grape (representative of fruit) and cabbage (representative of vegetable) were used as the detected objects. The 30 commercial products residues of PGRs in both were detected with the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (UHPLC-MS/MS) method based on the optimized chromatographic conditions, mass spectrometry and preparation conditions (extraction solvent and cleanup conditions). Grape and cabbage samples were extracted by acetonitrile containing 5% (v/v) acetic acid, dehydrated by salt package, purified by QuEChERS method, ionized by electrospray (ESI) under positive and negative ion switching mode, detected by multi-reactions monitoring (MRM) and quantification by external standard method of matrix matching standard curve. RESULTS The results showed that methanol was selected as the strong elution phase. The methanol-0.1% formic acid-5 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution was selected as the best mobile phase. The optimal extraction solvent was acetonitrile containing 5% acetic acid. PSA cleanup could meet the determination requirements of PGRs residues. The developed method for 30 commercial products of PGRs such as betaine showed excellent linearity in 1∼500 μg/kg, 10∼1000 μg/kg, ∼500 μg/kg, ∼2000 μg/kg, and 100∼10000 μg/kg (R ≥ 0.98). At the 0.001 mg/kg (0.01 mg/kg), 0.05 mg/kg, 0.20 mg/kg and 1.00 mg/kg additive concentrations, the average addition standard recovery of 30 commercial products of PGRs were 61%∼132% with the relative standard deviations (RSD) of 1%∼14%, the LOQwere confirmed 1.0-100 μg/kg through the actual addition values of samples. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that the optimized "QuEChERS-UHPLC-MS/MS method" is a set of simple, rapid, sensitive, accurate, efficient, economical and safe detection method that simultaneously detected the residues of more PGRs in fruits and vegetables through one time sample preparation for their high-throughput rapid quantitative screening and confirmation; it is characterized by wide coverage of detecting PGRs types, simple and convenient preparation and small amount of solvent, and which can provide the technical supports for the supervision of PGRs residues in fruits and vegetables. HIGHLIGHTS Based on the facts mentioned above, the optimizations of extraction solvent screening, different ratio of various purification packings in QuEChERS method and UPLC-MS conditions were conducted and the indexes of method such as precision, sensitivity and recovery rate were investigated in order to establish an simple, quick, sensitive, cheap, efficient, reliable and safe QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneously detecting the 30 kinds of PGRs residues in fruits and vegetables a set of method with simultaneously detecting 30 kinds of PGRs; which shall meet the high throughput determination of multiple PGRs residues in fruits and vegetables and can also provide the technical references for related compounds residues detection of other matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ping Zhan
- Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Shanghai, 201103, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Qingpu District Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Shanghai, 201799, China.,College of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wei-Fang Zhu
- Qingpu District Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Shanghai, 201799, China
| | - Jian-Bo Chen
- Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Shanghai, 201103, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Shanghai, 201103, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Shanghai, 201103, China
| | - Lan-Qi Huang
- Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Shanghai, 201103, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Shanghai, 201103, China
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Li H, Zhong Q, Luo F, Wang X, Zhou L, Chen Z, Zhang X. Residue degradation and metabolism of spinetoram in tea: A growing, processing and brewing risk assessment. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Kong XP, Zhang BH, Wang J. Multiple Roles of Mesoporous Silica in Safe Pesticide Application by Nanotechnology: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6735-6754. [PMID: 34110151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pollution related to pesticides has become a global problem due to their low utilization and non-targeting application, and nanotechnology has shown great potential in promoting sustainable agriculture. Nowadays, mesoporous silica-based nanomaterials have garnered immense attention for improving the efficacy and safety of pesticides due to their distinctive advantages of low toxicity, high thermal and chemical stability, and particularly size tunability and versatile functionality. Based on the introduction of the structure and synthesis of different types of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), the multiple roles of mesoporous silica in safe pesticide application using nanotechnology are discussed in this Review: (i) as nanocarrier for sustained/controlled delivery of pesticides, (ii) as adsorbent for enrichment or removal of pesticides in aqueous media, (iii) as support of catalysts for degradation of pesticide contaminants, and (iv) as support of sensors for detection of pesticides. Several scientific issues, strategies, and mechanisms regarding the application of MSNs in the pesticide field are presented, with their future directions discussed in terms of their environmental risk assessment, in-depth mechanism exploration, and cost-benefit consideration for their continuous development. This Review will provide critical information to related researchers and may open up their minds to develop new advances in pesticide application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ping Kong
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Hua Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, P. R. China
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Revel’skii IA, Chivarzin ME, Gerasimov MA, Frolova AV, Dolgonosov AM, Skalnyi AV, Revel’skii AI, Buryak AK. A New Approach to the Assessment of the Safety of Tea, Coffee, Cocoa, and Vegetable Oils, Based on the Rapid Screening of Samples for the Total Concentration of Fluorine-, Chlorine-, and Bromine-Containing Organic Compounds. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821050154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Watanabe E. Review of sample preparation methods for chromatographic analysis of neonicotinoids in agricultural and environmental matrices: From classical to state-of-the-art methods. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1643:462042. [PMID: 33761434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review specifically examines the development of sample preparation methods for residue analyses of neonicotinoid insecticides in agricultural and environmental matrices. Pesticide residue analysis is fundamentally important to ensure the safety of foods and processed foods of plant and animal origin, and to preserve the environment, particularly soil and water. For the development of pesticide residue analysis, the sample preparation process is an important key to maximizing the analytical performance of highly sensitive and accurate chromatographic instruments and to acquiring reliable analytical results. This review outlines sample preparation methods that have been proposed to date for extraction of neonicotinoids that might remain in a complicated sample matrix in quantitatively trace amounts, and for cleaning up, to the greatest extent possible, the interfering components that coexist in the sample extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiki Watanabe
- Chemical Analysis Unit, Division of Hazardous Chemicals, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan.
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Heshmati A, Mehri F, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Simultaneous multi-determination of pesticide residues in black tea leaves and infusion: a risk assessment study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:13725-13735. [PMID: 33197000 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the concentration of 33 pesticide residues in 60 black tea samples collected from Iran, determine their transfer rate, and assess their health risk during brewing. Pesticide extraction and analysis were performed by using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method and gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) of pesticides were ranged 0.1-7.26 and 0.8-24 μg/kg for dried tea leaves and 0.03-3.1 and 0.09-10 μg/L for the tea infusion, respectively. The levels of pesticide residue in 52 (86.67%) out of 60 tea samples were above the LOD (0.1-7.26 μg/kg). Twenty four (40%) of the samples contained pesticides in a concentration higher than the maximum residue limit (MRL) set by the European Commission (EC). Seven out of 33 validated pesticides were detected in dried tea leaf samples that only four of seven, including buprofezin, chlorpyrifos, hexaconazole, and triflumizole, were transferred into tea infusion, demonstrating that the concentrations of pesticides in infusion were raised during brewing. The risk assessment study for detected pesticides in the tea infusion samples indicated that this beverage consumption was safe for consumers, while the mean residue of some pesticides in positive samples was higher than the MRL; therefore, periodic control of these pesticides should be regularly implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Heshmati
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehri
- Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80. Caixa Postal: 6121, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP: 13083-862, Brazil.
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Li H, Zhong Q, Wang X, Luo F, Zhou L, Sun H, Yang M, Lou Z, Chen Z, Zhang X. The degradation and metabolism of chlorfluazuron and flonicamid in tea: A risk assessment from tea garden to cup. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142070. [PMID: 32920390 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Degradation and metabolism of chlorfluazuron and flonicamid from tea garden to cup were simultaneously investigated by a modified QuEChERS method coupled with UPLC-MS/MS quantification. The dissipation half-lives of chlorfluazuron, flonicamid, and total flonicamid (the sum of flonicamid and its metabolites TFNG, TFNA, and TFNA-AM) in fresh tea leaves during tea growth were 6.0 d, 4.8 d, and 8.1 d, respectively. TFNG and TFNA were generated during tea growth. After tea processing, the residues of chlorfluazuron, flonicamid, and its metabolites in black tea were higher than those in green tea. The average processing factors of chlorfluazuron, flonicamid, and total flonicamid in black tea were 2.54, 3.02, and 2.87, respectively, while in green tea they were 2.40, 2.93, and 2.79, respectively. TFNG, TFNA, and TFNA-AM were formed rapidly during the drying step. Considering the influence of water content at various processing steps, the average loss rates of chlorfluazuron, flonicamid, and total flonicamid residue from fresh tea leaves to black tea were 16.7%, 33.8%, and 20.7%, respectively, and 29.6%, 14.0% and 18.2%, respectively, in the case of green tea. The highest leaching rates of chlorfluazuron, flonicamid, and total flonicamid during tea brewing were 6.8%, 97.0%, and 97.4%, respectively, in black tea infusion, and 6.0%, 98.9%, and 98.6%, respectively, in green tea infusion. The metabolites, especially TFNG, had a higher leaching rate during tea brewing. The migration of chlorfluazuron from fresh leaves to tea infusion was low, and the migration of flonicamid was high. The RQc and RQa of chlorfluazuron and total flonicamid were less than 1. This result indicates that the potential dietary intake risk of chlorfluazuron from tea is negligible. However, the risk of total flonicamid intake is three times higher than that of chlorfluazuron. There is a potential risk of intake of flonicamid and its metabolites in tea for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qing Zhong
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Fengjian Luo
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Hezhi Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Zhengyun Lou
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Zongmao Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, China.
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Li C, Chen Z, Qin D, Liu R, Li L, Li W, He Y, Yuan L. Simultaneous determination of the herbicide bixlozone and its metabolites in plant and animal samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:822-832. [PMID: 33289303 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tracing the herbicide bixlozone and its metabolites in food is necessary to assess their risks to human health. In the study, a rapid and effective analytical method using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method for the simultaneous determination of bixlozone and its metabolites (2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid, 3-hydroxy-propanamide-bixlozone, and 5'-hydroxy-bixlozone) in plant and animal samples (tomato, cucumber, apple, wheat flour, meat, milk, and egg) was developed based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method was validated based on the linearity (R2 > 0.99), sensitivity (limit of quantification = 0.01 mg/kg), recovery (70.2-115.1%), and precision (intraday 1.2-17.6%, interday 0.3-16.0%). Detection was achieved within 6.0 min. The method is reliable for the determination of four target compounds in all seven matrices. The satisfactory validation criteria and successful application show that the proposed methodology is suitable for the detection of four target compounds in real matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congdi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zenglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Qin
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rong Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yujian He
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Longfei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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Residues Analysis and Dissipation Dynamics of Broflanilide in Rice and Its Related Environmental Samples. Int J Anal Chem 2021; 2020:8845387. [PMID: 33381186 PMCID: PMC7755498 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8845387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present a method for the quantitative analysis of broflanilide residues in water, soil, and rice samples from a paddy field in Jiangxi Province, China. The quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method was optimized for the extraction and purification of broflanilide residues. Residual broflanilide concentrations in different matrices were then determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The calibration curve of broflanilide showed good linearity in all matrices for concentrations between 0.005 and 1 mg·L−1, with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.99. The matrix effect varied from −69% to −54%, indicating matrix suppression. The average recoveries ranged between 85.82% and 97.46%, with relative standard deviations of 3.29%–8.15%. The limits of detection ranged from 0.16 to 1.67 μg·kg−1, and the limits of quantification were in the range of 0.54 to 5.48 μg·kg−1. Dissipation dynamic tests indicated broflanilide half-lives of 0.46–2.46, 2.09–5.34, and 1.31–3.32 days in soil, water, and rice straw, respectively. Broflanilide was dissipated more rapidly in water than in soil and rice straw. More than 90% of broflanilide residues dissipated within 14 days. The final residues of broflanilide in rice were all below LOQ at harvest.
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Zhan J, Zhang RR, Shi XZ, Huang Z, Cao GZ, Chen XF, Hu L. A novel sample-preparation method for the generic and rapid determination of pesticides and mycotoxins in tea by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1636:461794. [PMID: 33341433 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, simple, and generic analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 140 undesirable low-weight pesticides and mycotoxins from different chemical classes in black tea was developed. The method involved swelling the sample in ammonium acetate buffer, extraction with acetonitrile-dimethyl sulfoxide, cleanup by dual dispersive solid-phase extraction (D-SPE) with the assistance of low-temperature centrifugation, and analysis by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry using multiple reaction monitoring mode. The interferences in the extract were eliminated by the combination of dual d-SPE using only C18 sorbent and anhydrous magnesium sulfate, which maintained the chromatographic column under the ideal condition for a long time and enabled satisfactory recoveries of hydrophobic and hydrophilic analytes simultaneously. Matrix-matched calibration curves were obtained for most target compounds with linear regression coefficients above 0.9900. The limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged within 0.5-10.0 μg/kg, which were usually sufficient to verify the compliance of products with legal tolerances. Satisfactory recoveries of 64.5%-138.1% were obtained in black ta samples with the relative standard deviation (RSD) values between 1.8 and 25.9%. The inter-day precision ranged within 2.2%-24.9%. For over 90% of the analytes, the recoveries were between 70% and 120%, with RSD values below 15.0%. The application of this method in routine monitoring programs can drastically reduce effort and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhan
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo 315012, China.
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xi-Zhi Shi
- Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- Yunnan Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Guo-Zhou Cao
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo 315012, China
| | - Xian-Feng Chen
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo 315012, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo 315012, China
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33
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Ly TK, Ho TD, Behra P, Nhu-Trang TT. Determination of 400 pesticide residues in green tea leaves by UPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS combined with QuEChERS extraction and mixed-mode SPE clean-up method. Food Chem 2020; 326:126928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wang Z, Zhao W, Hao GF, Song BA. Automated synthesis: current platforms and further needs. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:S1359-6446(20)30366-4. [PMID: 32949527 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Organic synthesis is a vital process that is a mainstay of drug discovery. However, traditional manual-based approaches to organic synthesis might not be economical, especially in a research environment where budgets are increasingly restricted and the effective use of manpower and materials is crucial. Hence, there is a strong interest in automating the synthesis process, resulting in a growth in synthesis automation, especially of systems and configuration. Here, we systematically summarize recently developed automated systems for organic synthesis. This review will be useful for computational scientists aiming to develop novel tools and also for non-specialists and students to understand the frontier of automated synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Ge-Fei Hao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Bao-An Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
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Yu XL, Sun DW, He Y. Emerging techniques for determining the quality and safety of tea products: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2613-2638. [PMID: 33336976 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic techniques, electrochemical methods, nanozymes, computer vision, and modified chromatographic techniques are the emerging techniques for determining the quality and safety parameters (e.g., physical, chemical, microbiological, and classified parameters, as well as inorganic and organic contaminants) of tea products (such as fresh tea leaves, commercial tea, tea beverage, tea powder, and tea bakery products) effectively. By simplifying the sample preparation, speeding up the detection process, reducing the interference of other substances contained in the sample, and improving the sensitivity and accuracy of the current standard techniques, the abovementioned emerging techniques achieve rapid, cost-effective, and nondestructive or slightly destructive determination of tea products, with some of them providing real-time detection results. Applying these emerging techniques in the whole industry of tea product processing, right from the picking of fresh tea leaves, fermentation of tea leaves, to the sensory evaluation of commercial tea, as well as developing portable devices for real-time and on-site determination of classified and safety parameters (e.g., the geographical origin, grade, and content of contaminants) will not only eliminate the strong dependence on professionals but also help mechanize the production of tea products, which deserves further research. Conducting a review on the application of spectroscopic techniques, electrochemical methods, nanozymes, computer vision, and modifications of chromatographic techniques for quality and safety determination of tea products may serve as guide for other types of foods and beverages, offering potential techniques for their detection and evaluation, which would promote the development of the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Biosystems Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Determination of Organochlorines in Soil of a Suburban Area of São Paulo Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165666. [PMID: 32764488 PMCID: PMC7459836 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Technological advances have promoted improvements in several science fields, especially related to environmental and analytical areas with the improvement of detection and development of environmentally friendly extraction techniques. This study applied Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe method (QuEChERS) for soil extraction and assessed its performance through a validation study using samples from the soil of a contaminated area in Caieiras, SP, Brazil. Nine organochlorine pesticides, including the isomers alpha, beta, gamma and delta- hexachlorocyclohexane; cis- and trans-heptachlor epoxide; cis- and trans-chlordane and heptachlor were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to electron capture detector. The method was validated according to ISO 5725-4 (2020), EURACHEM (2014) and DOQ-CGCRE-008 (2016). The limits of detection and quantification of the method for the nine organochlorines were α-HCH (1.2 and 12.6 µg kg-1), β-HCH (1.7 and 12.0 µg kg-1), γ-HCH (1.5 and 11.6 µg kg-1), δ-HCH (0.8 and 11.6 µg kg-1), heptachlor (1.0 and 10.8 µg kg-1), cis-heptachlor epoxide (0.9 and 11.5 µg kg-1), trans-heptachlor epoxide (0.9 and 11.5 µg kg-1), cis-chlordane (0.4 and 7.9 µg kg-1) and trans-chlordane (0.5 and 10.9 µg kg-1), respectively, and all of them were within the maximum limits recommended by the EPA for the compounds α-HCH (86.0 and 360.0 µg kg-1), β-HCH (300.0 and 1.3 × 103 µg kg-1), γ-HCH (570.0 and 2.5 × 103 µg kg-1), δ-HCH (not defined), heptachlor (130.0 and 630.0 µg kg-1), cis-/trans-heptachlor epoxide (7.0 and 330.0 µg kg-1), cis-/trans-chlordane (1.77 × 103 and 7.7 × 103 µg kg-1) in residential and industrial soil, respectively. Recovery results were between 65% and 105% for almost all compounds, which is an optimum result for multi-residue analytical methods, considering the complexity of the matrix used in the study. Caieiras presented contamination levels of α-HCH in the range of 2.0 to 66.0 µg g-1, which was higher than the limits established by EPA, corresponding to 0.077 µg g-1 for residential soil and 0.27 µg g-1 for industrial soil. According to the validation study, the analytical method proposed was reliable for organochlorine quantification, and the QuEChERS was considered efficient for organochlorine extraction from soil.
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Yao Q, Yan SA, Li J, Huang M, Lin Q. Health risk assessment of 42 pesticide residues in Tieguanyin tea from Fujian, China. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:932-939. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1802476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Yao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards Testing Technology for Agro-products, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sun-An Yan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards Testing Technology for Agro-products, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Inspection and Quarantine Technique Center of Fujian Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minmin Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards Testing Technology for Agro-products, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiu Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards Testing Technology for Agro-products, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
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38
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Dielectric Nanoparticles Coated upon Silver Hollow Nanosphere as an Integrated Design to Reinforce SERS Detection of Trace Ampicillin in Milk Solution. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10040390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique is competent to trace detection of target species, down to the single molecule level. The detection sensitivity is presumably degraded by the presence of non-specific binding molecules that occupy a SERS-active site (or hot spot) on the substrate surface. In this study, a silver hollow nano-sphere (Ag HNS) with cavity has been particularly designed, followed by depositing dielectric nanoparticles (Di NPs) upon Ag HNS. In the integrated nanostructures, Di NPs/Ag HNS were furthermore confirmed by cutting through the cross sections using the Focused Ion Beam (FIB) technique, which provides the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Energy-dispersive Spectroscope (EDS) mode for identifying the distribution of Di NPs upon Ag HNS. The results have indicated that Di NPs/Ag HNS exhibits small diameter of cavity, and among Di NPs in this study, Al2O3 with lower dielectric constant provides a much higher SERS enhancement factor (e.g., ~6.2 × 107). In this study, to detect trace amounts (e.g., 0.01 ppm) of Ampicillin in water or milk solution, Al2O3 NPs/Ag HNS was found to be more efficient and less influenced by non-specific binding molecules in milk. A substrate with integrated plasmonic and dielectric components was designed to increase the adsorption of target species and to repulse non-specific binding molecules from SERS-active sites.
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39
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Yang L, Wang J, Qu L, Liu Z, Jiang L. An enzyme inhibition-based lab-in-a-syringe device for point-of-need determination of pesticides. Analyst 2020; 145:3958-3966. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00382d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme inhibition-based lab-in-a-syringe (EI-LIS) device was developed by integrating a 1-naphthol-linked bi-enzymatic reaction (sensor core) into the LIS (sensor device) for point-of-need monitoring of pesticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
| | - Linjiao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430022
| | - Lei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
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40
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Li W, Zhang Y, Jia H, Zhou W, Li B, Huang H. Residue analysis of tetraniliprole in rice and related environmental samples by HPLC/MS. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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41
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Zhang M, Ma G, Zhang L, Chen H, Zhu L, Wang C, Liu X. Chitosan-reduced graphene oxide composites with 3D structures as effective reverse dispersed solid phase extraction adsorbents for pesticides analysis. Analyst 2019; 144:5164-5171. [PMID: 31342973 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00927b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan-reduced graphene oxide composites with 3D structures (3D CS-rGO) were prepared via a facile solvothermal synthetic strategy. The reduction of GO and crosslinking of rGO nanosheets with CS into 3D structures were achieved simultaneously in one step. The resulting 3D CS-rGO composite achieves high adsorption capacities of catechins, caffeine and pigments from tea acetonitrile extraction, especially for catechins, which is 10 times higher than that of GO (179.3 mg g-1vs. 18.7 mg g-1). The 3D CS-rGO composite exhibits the best removal efficiency of matrix interference in comparison to other traditional adsorbents, which could diminish the matrix effect on targeted pesticides by 1%-55%. A determination method of 70 kinds of pesticides is successfully established for tea based on 3D CS-rGO composite as an efficient reverse dispersed solid phase extraction adsorbent. The established method has the great advantages of operation simplicity, being time saving and high purification performance using only one kind and a low amount of adsorbent. 3D graphene based materials are expected to be promising adsorbents for sample pretreatment in trace contaminant analysis of complex food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglu Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Guicen Ma
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China. and Laboratory of Quality and Safety and Risk Assessment for Tea Products (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China and Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China. and Laboratory of Quality and Safety and Risk Assessment for Tea Products (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China and Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China. and Laboratory of Quality and Safety and Risk Assessment for Tea Products (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China and Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China. and Laboratory of Quality and Safety and Risk Assessment for Tea Products (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China and Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China. and Laboratory of Quality and Safety and Risk Assessment for Tea Products (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China and Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China. and Laboratory of Quality and Safety and Risk Assessment for Tea Products (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China and Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
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42
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Song NE, Kim DB, Lim TG, Lee YY, Yoo M, Nam TG. Determining pesticide residues in wheat flour by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry with QuEChERS extraction. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1337-1347. [PMID: 31251696 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1628356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are used to increase crop yields and preserve quality by protecting crops against pests; however, their overuse can adversely affect human health and the environment. Herein, we report the development of a multi-pesticide screening method using optimized QuEChERS coupled with liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometry for the analysis of 13 pesticides in wheat flour. Mass accuracies with errors of less than 2.4 ppm were obtained for all analysed pesticides, and the method provided satisfactory recovery and linearity. Repeatabilities of 0.3-12.7% and reproducibilities of 2.5-15.2% were observed in full-scan TOF mode. The performance of the developed full-scan TOF method was compared to that obtained in high-resolution multiple reaction monitoring (MRM-HR) mode. The limits of quantification for the full-scan TOF and MRM-HR modes ranged from 2 to 10, and 3 to 9 μg kg-1, respectively. The two quantification methods exhibited high sensitivities (limit of detections: 1-3 μg kg-1 in full-scan TOF, and 1-3 μg kg-1 for MRM-HR mode). No pesticide residues were detected when the developed method was applied to 22 real wheat flour samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nho-Eul Song
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju , Republic of Korea
| | - Dan-Bi Kim
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Lim
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju , Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Yeol Lee
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju , Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Yoo
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Nam
- Food Analysis Center, Korea Food Research Institute , Wanju , Republic of Korea
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43
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Song S, Chen Z, Wei J, Lei Y, Deng C, Tan H, Li X. Determination of polyoxin B in cucumber and soil using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry coupled with a modified QuEChERS method. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2018.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Song
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Zhaojie Chen
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Yuhao Lei
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Cheng Deng
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Huihua Tan
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Xuesheng Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
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44
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Huang Y, Shi T, Luo X, Xiong H, Min F, Chen Y, Nie S, Xie M. Determination of multi-pesticide residues in green tea with a modified QuEChERS protocol coupled to HPLC-MS/MS. Food Chem 2019; 275:255-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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45
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Analysis of multiple pesticide residues in polyphenol-rich agricultural products by UPLC-MS/MS using a modified QuEChERS extraction and dilution method. Food Chem 2019; 274:452-459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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46
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Liu C, Ji Y, Jiang X, Yuan X, Zhang X, Zhao L. The determination of pesticides in tea samples followed by magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotube-based magnetic solid-phase extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj06536e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient method regarding ultrasound-assisted extraction combined with magnetic solid-phase extraction (UA-MSPE) by UHPLC-MS/MS was set up for the determination of three pesticides in tea leaf samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Yinghe Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Xucan Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Longshan Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- China
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47
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Pan L, Feng X, Cao M, Zhang S, Huang Y, Xu T, Jing J, Zhang H. Determination and distribution of pesticides and antibiotics in agricultural soils from northern China. RSC Adv 2019; 9:15686-15693. [PMID: 35521405 PMCID: PMC9064340 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00783k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Different types of soil samples from a typical farmland in northern China were collected and evaluated for the presence of the pesticides and antibiotics. 47 pesticides were extracted with a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) preparation method and cleanup with 50 mg C18, while 10 antibiotics were extracted with methanol/EDTA–McIlvaine buffer solution (v/v = 1/1), then both of them were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS/MS). Total concentrations of the 47 pesticides in the soil samples ranged from not detectable (ND) to 3.8 mg kg−1. The soil exhibited relatively high ecological risk for atrazine, chlorpyrifos, tebuconazole, difenoconazole, pymetrozine, and thiamethoxam, as over 1.0% of the sample concentrations exceeded 0.1 mg kg−1. The residual levels of the 10 antibiotics were relatively low (ND-951.0 μg kg−1). Tetracyclines exhibited a high detection rate (20.9%), with 2.8% of the soil samples exhibiting tetracyclines concentrations exceeding 100 μg kg−1, implying high ecological risk. The 4 sulfonamides and 2 macrolides analyzed showed detection rates below 0.8%. Spatial changes in the distribution of pesticides and antibiotics appear to be related to land use patterns, particularly orchards and vegetable plots. The over-standard rate of pesticides and antibiotics in orchards was greater than that of vegetable plots, and grain fields had the lowest over-standard rate. These data were helpful to figure out the pollution of these pesticides and antibiotics, and provided valuable information for soil quality assessment and risk assessment. Different types of soil samples from a typical farmland in northern China were collected and evaluated for the presence of the pesticides and antibiotics.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Pan
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Feng
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Meng Cao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences
- Anhui University of Science and Technology
- Huainan
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanfang Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Tianheng Xu
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Jing
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- College of Science
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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48
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Ghoraba Z, Aibaghi B, Soleymanpour A. Ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by ion mobility spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of bendiocarb and azinphos-ethyl in water, soil, food and beverage samples. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 165:459-466. [PMID: 30218969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and fast ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure combined with ion mobility spectrometry has been developed for the simultaneous extraction and determination of bendiocarb and azinphos-ethyl. Experimental parameters affecting the analytical performance of the method were optimized: type and volume of extraction solvent (chloroform, 150 µL), pH (9.0), type and volume of buffer (ammonium buffer pH = 9.0, 4.5 mL) and extraction time (3.0 min). Under optimum conditions, the linearity was found to be in the range of 2-40 and 6-100 ng/mL and the limits of detection (LOD) were 1.04 and 1.31 ng/mL for bendiocarb and azinphos-ethyl, respectively. The method was successfully validated for the analysis of bendiocarb and azinphos-ethyl in different samples such as waters, soil, food and beverage samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghoraba
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan 3671641167, Iran
| | - Behzad Aibaghi
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan 3671641167, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Soleymanpour
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan 3671641167, Iran; Institute of Biological Science, Damghan University, Damghan 3671641167, Iran
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49
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Fibrous boron nitride nanocomposite for magnetic solid phase extraction of ten pesticides prior to the quantitation by gas chromatography. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:561. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Wang Y, Lian S, Dong X, Wang C, Li B, Li P. Analysis of the dissipation kinetics of thiophanate-methyl and its metabolite carbendazim in apple leaves using a modified QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS method. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4394. [PMID: 30248717 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As one of the main fungicides for the apple leaf disease control, thiophanate-methyl (TM) mainly exerts its fungicidal activity in the form of its metabolite carbendazim (MBC), whose dissipation kinetics is very distinct from that of its parent but has been paid little attention. The aim of this work was to investigate the dissipation kinetics of TM and its active metabolite MBC in apple leaves using a modified QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS method. The results showed that TM and MBC could be quickly extracted by this modified QuEChERS procedure with recoveries of 81.7-96.5%. The method linearity was in the range of 0.01-50.0 mg kg-1 with the quantification limit of 0.01 mg kg-1 . Then this method was applied to the analysis of fungicide dissipation kinetics in apple leaves. The results showed that the dissipation kinetics of TM for the test in 3 months can be described by a first-order kinetics model with a DT50 (dissipation half-life) range of 5.23-6.03 days and the kinetics for MBC can be described by a first-order absorption-dissipation model with the Tmax (time needed to reach peak concentration) range of 4.78-7.09 days. These models can scientifically describe the behavior of TM and MBC in apple leaves, which provides necessary data for scientific application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuran Wang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Sen Lian
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangli Dong
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Baohua Li
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Pingliang Li
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
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