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Quy Huong D, Nam PC, Quang DT, Ngo ST, Duong T, Tam NM. Evaluation of Free Radical Scavenging Ability of Triazole-3-Thiol: A Combination of Experimental and Theoretical Approaches. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:24071-24081. [PMID: 38854538 PMCID: PMC11154933 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
An assessment of the free radical scavenging potential of 4-amino-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (AT) and 4-amino-5-(4-pyridyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (AP) involved a combination of experimental methodologies and theoretical calculations. In the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) assay, AT exhibited an heightened efficacy in scavenging DPPH• radicals compared to AP. This was evidenced by the notably lower IC50DPPH value observed for AT (1.3 × 10-3 ± 0.2 × 10-3 M) in comparison to AP (2.2 × 10-3 ± 0.1 × 10-3 M). Similarly, in the 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS• +) test, AT exhibited superior ability in neutralizing ABTS•+ free radical cations compared to AP, with the computed IC50ABTS values of 4.7 × 10-5 ± 0.1 × 10-5 M for AT and 5.5 × 10-5 ± 0.2 × 10-5 M for AP. Density functional theory served as the tool for evaluating the correlation between structural attributes and the antioxidant efficacy of the studied molecules. The findings highlighted the flexibility of hydrogen atoms within NH and NH2 groups to nucleophilic attacks, indicative of their pivotal role in the scavenging mechanism. Furthermore, investigations into the interactions between AT and AP with the free radical HOO• revealed predominantly the reaction via the hydrogen atom transfer mechanism. Both experimental observations and theoretical deductions collectively affirmed AT's superior free radical scavenging ability over AP in the gas phase and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Quy Huong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Education, Hue
University, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Pham Cam Nam
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Danang − University of Science and Technology, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Duong Tuan Quang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Education, Hue
University, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Son Tung Ngo
- Laboratory
of Biophysics, Institute for Advanced Study in Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 72195, Vietnam
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 72195, Vietnam
| | - Tran Duong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Education, Hue
University, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Minh Tam
- Faculty
of Basic Sciences, University of Phan Thiet, 225 Nguyen Thong, Phan Thiet City 77000, Viet Nam
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2
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Domínguez I, Romero I, Teresa Sanchez-Ballesta M, Isabel Escribano M, Merodio C, Doménech-Carbó A. Electrochemistry of lyophilized blueberry and raspberry samples: ROS activation of the antioxidant ability of anthocyanins. Food Chem 2024; 435:137649. [PMID: 37820402 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical study of lyophilized blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruits was carried out using microparticulate deposits from ethanolic extracts of fruits in contact with different aqueous electrolytes. This voltammetry is dominated by the oxidation of anthocyanins. It was hypothesized that under conditions of electrochemical generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), new anthocyanin-derived species with high antioxidant capacity are formed over a wide pH range. In the case of ROS-activated anthocyanins, electrochemical oxidation is associated with loss of sugar moieties. Experimental voltammetric and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) imaging data consistent with this hypothesis are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Domínguez
- Department of Agroindustry and Food Quality, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), La Mojonera, Camino San Nicolás, 1, Almeria E-04745, Spain.
| | - Irene Romero
- Department of Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Teresa Sanchez-Ballesta
- Department of Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Isabel Escribano
- Department of Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Merodio
- Department of Characterization, Quality and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Ciudad Universitaria, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Doménech-Carbó
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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3
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Yang Y, Zhang Y, Gu D, Liu C, Wang Y, Tang S, Yin Y, Tian J. Fermentation of Robinia pseudoacacia flower for improving the antioxidation: optimized conditions, active composition, mechanism, and biotransformation process. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:1224-1236. [PMID: 36880129 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2185637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Robinia pseudoacacia flower is a natural product with many biological activities, including antioxidation. To further develop its antioxidation, the extract was fermented by Aspergillus niger FFCC 3112 in the medium with carbon to nitrogen ratio of 1.4:1 and initial pH of 4.2 for 3.5 days to form the best antioxidant activity of the fermentation product by strain screening, single factor optimization, and response surface methodology. Further analysis, isolation and activity determination showed that a main chemical component, kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-galactopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, in the extract was completely hydrolyzed to kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside and kaempferol with better antioxidant activity through biotransformation, which was the basis for improving the antioxidant activity of fermentation products. Moreover, the mechanism of antioxidant and the contribution of phenolic hydroxyl groups were investigated by density functional theory. The result indicated that the antioxidant capacity of kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside and kaempferol increased with the increase of solvent polarity. In high-polarity solvents, they mainly scavenge free radicals through single electron transfer followed by proton transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yunci Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Dongyu Gu
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Shanshan Tang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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4
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Spiegel M, Cel K, Sroka Z. The mechanistic insights into the role of pH and solvent on antiradical and prooxidant properties of polyphenols - Nine compounds case study. Food Chem 2023; 407:134677. [PMID: 36516682 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are the most widely intake exogenous antioxidants. Their properties prevent the accumulation of radicals in the body and the development of oxidative stress, a recognized trigger for some diseases and a manifestation of others. Nonetheless, apart from their beneficial effects, polyphenols might also exhibit prooxidant potential, often observed as the oxidation of transition state metals, resulting in amplified radical production. DFT studies at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory were conducted on nine common polyphenolic compounds to assess both activities in physiologically relevant media. It has been found that there is a fine line between antioxidant and prooxidant character, and increasing pH values promote the occurrence of the latter. Anthocyanidins proved to be the most potent radical scavengers, particularly under slightly alkaline conditions, followed by flavonoids and phenolic acids last. Antiradical activity is better in a polar solvent than in apolar one, due to the possibility of dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Spiegel
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Cel
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Sroka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
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5
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Naidu SAG, Tripathi YB, Shree P, Clemens RA, Naidu AS. Phytonutrient Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2/NSP5-Encoded Main Protease (M pro) Autocleavage Enzyme Critical for COVID-19 Pathogenesis. J Diet Suppl 2023; 20:284-311. [PMID: 34821532 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.2006388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The genomic reshuffling, mutagenicity, and high transmission rate of the SARS-CoV-2 pathogen highlights an urgent need for effective antiviral interventions for COVID-19 control. Targeting the highly conserved viral genes and/or gene-encoded viral proteins such as main proteinase (Mpro), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and helicases are plausible antiviral approaches to prevent replication and propagation of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Coronaviruses (CoVs) are prone to extensive mutagenesis; however, any genetic alteration to its highly conserved Mpro enzyme is often detrimental to the viral pathogen. Therefore, inhibitors that target the Mpro enzyme could reduce the risk of mutation-mediated drug resistance and provide effective antiviral protection. Several existing antiviral drugs and dietary bioactives are currently repurposed to treat COVID-19. Dietary bioactives from three ayurvedic medicinal herbs, 18 β-glycyrrhetinic acid (ΔG = 8.86 kcal/mol), Solanocapsine (ΔG = 8.59 kcal/mol), and Vasicoline (ΔG = 7.34 kcal/mol), showed high-affinity binding to Mpro enzyme than the native N3 inhibitor (ΔG = 5.41 kcal/mol). Flavonoids strongly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with comparable or higher potency than the antiviral drug, remdesivir. Several tannin hydrolysates avidly bound to the receptor-binding domain and catalytic dyad (His41 and Cys145) of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro through H-bonding forces. Quercetin binding to Mpro altered the thermostability of the viral protein through redox-based mechanism and inhibited the viral enzymatic activity. Interaction of quercetin-derivatives with the Mpro seem to be influenced by the 7-OH group and the acetoxylation of sugar moiety on the ligand molecule. Based on pharmacokinetic and ADMET profiles, several phytonutrients could serve as a promising redox nutraceutical for COVID-19 management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreus A G Naidu
- N-terminus Research Laboratory, Yorba Linda, California, USA
| | - Yamini B Tripathi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Priya Shree
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Roger A Clemens
- Department of International Regulatory Science, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, California, USA
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6
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Interference of malvidin and its mono- and di-glucosides on the membrane — Combined in vitro and computational chemistry study. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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7
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Potential Therapeutic Implication of Herbal Medicine in Mitochondria-Mediated Oxidative Stress-Related Liver Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102041. [PMID: 36290765 PMCID: PMC9598588 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles that play a role in ATP synthesis, calcium homeostasis, oxidation-reduction status, apoptosis, and inflammation. Several human disorders have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. It has been found that traditional therapeutic herbs are effective on alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which are leading causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to oxidative stress is caused by mitochondrial dysfunction and is considered critical for treatment. The role of oxidative stress, lipid toxicity, and inflammation in NAFLD are well known. NAFLD is a chronic liver disease that commonly progresses to cirrhosis and chronic liver disease, and people with obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension are at a higher risk of developing NAFLD. NAFLD is associated with a number of pathological factors, including insulin resistance, lipid metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. As a result, the improvement in steatosis and inflammation is enough to entice researchers to look into liver disease treatment. However, antioxidant treatment has not been very effective for liver disease. Additionally, it has been suggested that the beneficial effects of herbal medicines on immunity and inflammation are governed by various mechanisms for lipid metabolism and inflammation control. This review provided a summary of research on herbal medicines for the therapeutic implementation of mitochondria-mediated ROS production in liver disease as well as clinical applications through herbal medicine. In addition, the pathophysiology of common liver disorders such as ALD and NAFLD would be investigated in the role that mitochondria play in the process to open new therapeutic avenues in the management of patients with liver disease.
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8
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Alzate-Arbelaez AF, Cortés FB, Rojano BA. Antioxidants from Hyeronima macrocarpa Berries Loaded on Nanocellulose: Thermal and Antioxidant Stability. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196661. [PMID: 36235198 PMCID: PMC9571521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of different storage temperatures (35-55 °C) on the bioactive substances and antioxidant properties of Hyeronima macrocarpa berries loaded on nanocellulose. NC was extracted from banana pseudo-stems and presented an interesting surface and porosity properties. The acidified ethanol extract showed better anthocyanin extraction (1317 mg C3G eq./100 g FW) and was used for the preparation of the powdered product, which presented an intense and uniform magenta color, with CIELAB parameters of L* = 59.16, a* = 35.61, and b* = 7.08. The powder exhibited significant stability at storage temperatures of 35 and 45 °C, in which there was no significant loss of anthocyanins or a decrease in antioxidant capacity. In addition, the color was stable for up to 4 months without adding any preservative agent. The anthocyanin-rich extract of H. macrocarpa reached an estimated shelf-life of 315 days (stored at 35 °C), as a result of the impregnation process between the extract and NC, with the ability to protect the bioactives from degradation, due to NC surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Felipe Alzate-Arbelaez
- Laboratorio Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Carrera 65 # 59A-110, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Farid B. Cortés
- Grupo de Fenómenos de Superficie, Michael Polanyi, Departamento de Procesos y Energía, Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra. 80 # 65-223, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Benjamín A. Rojano
- Laboratorio Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Carrera 65 # 59A-110, Medellín 050034, Colombia
- Correspondence:
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9
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Ramasubramanian A, Venkatachalam K, Chellaiah I, Chinnathambi P, Palanichamy A, Nguyen V, Paulraj B. Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anti‐Proliferative Effect of
Senna hirsuta
against PC‐3 Human Prostate Cancer Cells. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Ramasubramanian
- PG and Research Department of Botany Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi Tamilnadu India
| | - Karthikeyan Venkatachalam
- Faculty of Innovative Agriculture and Fishery Establishment Project Prince of Songkla University Surat Thani Campus, Makham Tia Mueang, Surat Thani 84000 Thailand
| | - Ijin Chellaiah
- PG and Research Department of Botany Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi Tamilnadu India
| | | | - Ayyappan Palanichamy
- PG and Research Department of Botany Government Arts College, Melur Tamilnadu India
| | - Van‐Huy Nguyen
- Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Kanchipuram district- 603103 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Balaji Paulraj
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology MGR College Hosur India
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10
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Shang C, Zhang Y, Sun C, Wang L. Tactfully improve the antioxidant activity of 2′-hydroxychalcone with the strategy of substituent, solvent and intramolecular hydrogen bond effects. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Li H, Zhang C, Deng Z, Zhang B, Li H. Antioxidant activity of delphinidin and pelargonidin: Theory and practice. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14192. [PMID: 35484873 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The quantum chemical density functional theory and in vitro chemical-based antioxidant assays were used to research the reaction mechanism of delphinidin/pelargonidin with free radicals including superoxide anion radicals (O2 - ∙) and hydroperoxide radicals (OOH∙). The geometric configuration, bond dissociation energy, PCM (polarizable continuum model) solvent model reaction enthalpy changes were studied to explain the transition states, and the reaction enthalpy change value was calculated to determine the active site. From the results of spatial configuration, delphinidin showed a stronger conjugation effect than that of pelargonidin. The dihedral angle between the three rings of delphinidin was almost 180°, and the angle between the B and C rings was only -2.81868°. Both coplanar and antioxidant activity of delphinidin was better than pelargonidin. The consequences of reaction enthalpy change in PCM were consistent with the bond dissociation energy. The phenolic hydroxyl bond dissociation energy of delphinidin was slightly smaller than that of pelargonidin. Moreover, the C4' site of delphinidin and the C3 site of pelargonidin were the active sites for scavenging free radicals. The free radical scavenging ability of delphinidin was marginally higher than that of pelargonidin. On the other hand, in vitro antioxidant results proved the scavenging ability of delphinidin and pelargonidin on superoxide anions, DPPH, and ABTS∙+ free radicals. It was shown that the chemical-based antioxidant activity was consistent with the theoretical calculation results, with delphinidin showing greater antioxidant activity. These results could explain the antioxidant mechanism of delphinidin/pelargonidin in scavenging free radicals from chemical reactions. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This manuscript explained the antioxidant mechanism of delphinidin/pelargonidin in scavenging free radicals through the analysis of the geometric configuration of delphinidin/pelargonidin and the theoretical calculation of the reaction transition state. It could also speculate on the possible reaction sites, and provide a basis for judging how to efficiently select antioxidants with great antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Institute for Advanced Study, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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12
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The anthocyanin's role on the food metabolic pathways, color and drying processes: An experimental and theoretical approach. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Xie Y, Ma M, Zhang C, Yang Y, Shumin S, Ma W, Li Q. Experimental and theoretical research on the effect of coupling heat and pH on the structure and antioxidant activity of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside from black soybean coat. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1842-1850. [PMID: 34460956 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since anthocyanin has good coloration and antioxidant properties, many studies have focused on exploring the stability and antioxidant activity of anthocyanin. The objective of this work was to study effects of pH and temperature on the bioactivity of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) and density functional theory (DFT) were used to explain the mechanism of structural transformation of C3G affecting their bioactivity at the molecular level. RESULTS During the heating process at pH 2.2 to 7.0,the flavylium cation content of C3G decreased from 92.71% to 51.64% and the chalcone content increased from 7.29% to 30.61%. The quinoidal base and first discovery of the degradation product of the C3G, 1-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-(3, 4,5-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-ethanone, were only detected in heated samples at pH 7.0. DFT revealed the antioxidant mechanism was mediated by sequential proton loss electron transfer and the antioxidant activity of C3G in pH 5.0 and 7.0 environments was higher than that in the pH 2.2 environment. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed the thermal degradation products of C3G included catechin, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4,6-trihydroxy-benzaldehyde and 1-(3,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-ethanone. C3G had higher antioxidant activity in weakly acidic to near-neutral environments and the reactive sites were most likely at the 4'-OH and 5-OH sites. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sun Shumin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weibin Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, China
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14
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Pilosocereus gounellei (xique-xique) flour: Improving the nutritional, bioactive, and technological properties of probiotic goat-milk yogurt. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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Baliyan S, Mukherjee R, Priyadarshini A, Vibhuti A, Gupta A, Pandey RP, Chang CM. Determination of Antioxidants by DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis of Ficus religiosa. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041326. [PMID: 35209118 PMCID: PMC8878429 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of F. religiosa might be beneficial in inflammatory illnesses and can be used for a variety of health conditions. In this article, we studied the identification of antioxidants using (DPPH) 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylradical scavenging activity in Ficus religiosa, as F. religiosa is an important herbal plant, and every part of it has various medicinal properties such as antibacterial properties that can be used by the researchers in the development and design of various new drugs. The 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) is a popular, quick, easy, and affordable approach for the measurement of antioxidant properties that includes the use of the free radicals used for assessing the potential of substances to serve as hydrogen providers or free-radical scavengers (FRS). The technique of DPPH testing is associated with the elimination of DPPH, which would be a stabilized free radical. The free-radical DPPH interacts with an odd electron to yield a strong absorbance at 517 nm, i.e., a purple hue. An FRS antioxidant, for example, reacts to DPPH to form DPPHH, which has a lower absorbance than DPPH because of the lower amount of hydrogen. It is radical in comparison to the DPPH-H form, because it causes decolorization, or a yellow hue, as the number of electrons absorbed increases. Decolorization affects the lowering capacity significantly. As soon as the DPPH solutions are combined with the hydrogen atom source, the lower state of diphenylpicrylhydrazine is formed, shedding its violet color. To explain the processes behind the DPPH tests, as well as their applicability to Ficus religiosa (F. religiosa) in the manufacture of metal oxide nanoparticles, in particular MgO, and their influence on antioxidants, a specimen from the test was chosen for further study. According to our findings, F. religiosa has antioxidant qualities and may be useful in the treatment of disorders caused by free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddartha Baliyan
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat 131029, Haryana, India; (S.B.); (R.M.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (A.G.)
| | - Riya Mukherjee
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat 131029, Haryana, India; (S.B.); (R.M.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (A.G.)
- Master & Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Industry, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Anjali Priyadarshini
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat 131029, Haryana, India; (S.B.); (R.M.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (A.G.)
| | - Arpana Vibhuti
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat 131029, Haryana, India; (S.B.); (R.M.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (A.G.)
| | - Archana Gupta
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat 131029, Haryana, India; (S.B.); (R.M.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (A.G.)
| | - Ramendra Pati Pandey
- Centre for Drug Design Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonepat 131029, Haryana, India; (S.B.); (R.M.); (A.P.); (A.V.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.P.P.); (C.-M.C.)
| | - Chung-Ming Chang
- Master & Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Industry, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (R.P.P.); (C.-M.C.)
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Vo QV, Hoa NT, Thong NM, Mechler A. The hydroperoxyl and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity of anthocyanidins in physiological environments: Theoretical insights into mechanisms and kinetics. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 192:112968. [PMID: 34598044 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The HOO• and O2•- scavenging activities of 12 natural anthocyanidins were investigated in physiological environments by using DFT calculations. The results suggest high HOO• scavenging activity in aqueous medium with overall rate constants in the range of koverall = 1.58 × 108 - 7.59 × 109 M-1 s-1, whereas in lipid medium only weak activity is predicted. O2•- scavenging is also fast in water with kapp = ∼109 M-1 s-1. Like in the case of many other antioxidants that contain acidic moieties, the anion states (H3A- and H2A2-) and the single electron transfer mechanism play a dominant role in the HOO• scavenging activity of anthocyanidins in water at pH = 7.4. Analysis of the mechanism suggests that the O2•- and HOO• radical scavenging can occur as a regeneration cycle that might increase the protective efficiency of anthocyanidins against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan V Vo
- The University of Danang-University of Technology and Education, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam.
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoa
- The University of Danang-University of Technology and Education, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Minh Thong
- The University of Danang, Campus in Kon Tum, 704 Phan Dinh Phung, Kon Tum, Viet Nam
| | - Adam Mechler
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia
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Effects of elderflower extract enriched with polyphenols on antioxidant defense of salmon leukocytes. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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18
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Bezerril FF, Magnani M, Bertoldo Pacheco MT, de Fátima Vanderlei de Souza M, Feitosa Figueiredo RM, Lima MDS, da Silva Campelo Borges G, Gomes de Oliveira ME, Pimentel TC, de Cássia Ramos do Egypto Queiroga R. Pilosocereus gounellei (xique-xique) jam is source of fibers and mineral and improves the nutritional value and the technological properties of goat milk yogurt. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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19
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Peng M, Chen Z, Deng Q, Zhu S, Wang G. The roles of luteolin in peanut shell extract - Mediated protection of erythrocytes against hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase-induced toxicity. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Abellán Á, Domínguez-Perles R, Giménez MJ, Zapata PJ, Valero D, García-Viguera C. The development of a broccoli supplemented beer allows obtaining a valuable dietary source of sulforaphane. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Parra-Paz VG, Calderón-Sauri A, Granados-Patrón D, Cuevas-Carbonell SG, García-López D, Dawn-Ojeda A, Mut-Martín M, Olivera-Castillo L, Álvarez-Cervera FJ, Salgado H, Alamilla J, García-Miss MDR, Vásquez-Celaya L, Aranda-González II, Góngora-Alfaro JL. Chronic feeding with 3% dried raw blueberries (V. corymbosum) reduces apomorphine-induced rotations and striatal dopaminergic loss in hemiparkinsonian rats. Food Res Int 2020; 140:110066. [PMID: 33648289 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Blueberries (BB) are rich in antioxidant polyphenols, and their intake could prevent Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we assessed whether rats chronically fed dried raw BB develop resistance to dopaminergic denervation and motor disorders caused by unilateral intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a dopaminergic neurotoxin acting mainly by inducing oxidative stress. Male rats were fed either with LabDiet® alone or supplemented with 3% lyophilized raw BB for 2 weeks before and 3 weeks after injecting 6-OHDA (day 0) or vehicle (mock lesion) into the right striatum. The cylinder test was performed on days -14, -7, -1, +7, +14, and +21; the percentage of ipsilateral forepaw (IF) use asymmetry was determined by counting the wall contacts made with either forepaw or with both. Apomorphine (0.25 mg/kg, s.c.)-induced rotation was performed on days -1, +7, +14, and +21. Full contralateral rotations were counted in 3-min periods, every 15 min, up to 90 min. Striatal slices were immunostained for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the ionized calcium-binding protein-1 adapter (Iba1) [immunoreactive area or microglia count in right striatum expressed as % of the left striatum]. Antioxidants in BB methanolic extracts neutralized the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl in a concentration-dependent manner. Anthocyanins have been reported as the most abundant polyphenols in BB. Using the pH differential method, the total anthocyanin content (malvidin-3-glucoside equivalents) in raw BB averaged 21.04 mg/g dry weight. The range of anthocyanin intake by rats throughout the study varied from 37.7 to 72.2 mg/kg body weight. The time and food type factors, as well as their interaction were significant according to two-way RM-ANOVA in both the apomorphine-induced rotations and the cylinder test. Compared with LabDiet® alone, chronic supplementation with 3% dried raw BB decreased apomorphine-induced rotations on days +14 and +21 (p < 0.001) and produced a 46% reduction in total rotations post-surgery (p < 0.05), but only caused a partial, non-significant, decrease of IF asymmetry. BB supplementation reduced TH loss in the striatum (p < 0.05) but did not attenuate the increase of Iba1+ microglia. The consumption of 3% dried raw blueberries attenuates dopaminergic denervation and partially reverses motor disorders in the 6-OHDA-induced PD model in rats. The phytochemicals of raw blueberries that contribute to the observed neuroprotective effect are yet to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria G Parra-Paz
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 490 x 59, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - Ashanty Calderón-Sauri
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 490 x 59, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - Diego Granados-Patrón
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 498 x 59 y 59A, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - Sergio G Cuevas-Carbonell
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 490 x 59, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - Daniel García-López
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 498 x 59 y 59A, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - Alicia Dawn-Ojeda
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 498 x 59 y 59A, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - Mirza Mut-Martín
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 490 x 59, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - Leticia Olivera-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, Carretera Antigua Progreso Km. 6, Mérida, Yucatán 97310, Mexico
| | - Fernando J Álvarez-Cervera
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 490 x 59, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - Humberto Salgado
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 490 x 59, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - Javier Alamilla
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CUIB), Universidad de Colima, Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico
| | - María Del R García-Miss
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 490 x 59, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth Vásquez-Celaya
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 490 x 59, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - Irma I Aranda-González
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 498 x 59 y 59A, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico
| | - José L Góngora-Alfaro
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Avenida Itzáes No. 490 x 59, Mérida, Yucatán 97000, Mexico.
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Antioxidant of Trans-Resveratrol: A Comparison between OH and CH Groups Based on Thermodynamic Views. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8869023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-resveratrol establishes the planarity in its structure which makes it an interesting compound in both experimental and theoretical examinations. The current study, using the density functional method (DFT), attempts to compare the antioxidative capacities between hydroxyl (OH) and aromatic methine (CH) groups of this molecule. Becke’s exchange-correlation B3LYP functional together with 6-311++G(d, p) basis set was used to reveal the effects of structural geometry and electronic feature on the antioxidative results of OH and CH groups. The antioxidative action of trans-resveratrol has followed the HAT mechanism in gas, but the SPLET pathway in liquids. OH bond breaking is easier than CH bond disruption. 4-OH bond breaking induces the lowest BDE values of 74.4–77.9 kcal/mol in gas, acetone, methanol, and water, as well as the lowest PA values of 37.2–46.2 kcal/mol in acetone, methanol, and water. From the kinetic view, 4-OH is also an active center to capture laboratory radical DPPH, ROS radicals HOO• and CH3O•, and RNS radical •NO2.
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Double-crosslinked effect of TGase and EGCG on myofibrillar proteins gel based on physicochemical properties and molecular docking. Food Chem 2020; 345:128655. [PMID: 33302098 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the influence and mechanism of combining EGCG with TGase on properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) gel. A double-crosslinked effect was observed when EGCG and TGase were added into MP gel. Breaking force, deformation, water holding capacity and hardness of double-crosslinked MP gel increased by 25.3 ± 3.0 g, 0.5 ± 0.3 mm, 1.76 ± 0.4% and 34.11 ± 2.56 g, compared with those of TGase induced gel. Light microscopy and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance results indicated with EGCG content increasing, pores and structure of double-crosslinked gels became smaller and denser, T22 decreased from 266.162 ms to 252.845 ms and its proportion increased from 94.103% to 96.956%. Molecular docking illustrated covalent and non-covalent interactions between EGCG and myosin heavy chain Ⅱ A, and confirmed TGase catalytic mechanism with myosin heavy chain Ⅱ A as substrate. Therefore the mixture of EGCG and TGase could be used as novel cross-linker in surimi.
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Jurić S, Jurić M, Król-Kilińska Ż, Vlahoviček-Kahlina K, Vinceković M, Dragović-Uzelac V, Donsì F. Sources, stability, encapsulation and application of natural pigments in foods. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1837862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Slaven Jurić
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Jurić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Żaneta Król-Kilińska
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Marko Vinceković
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Verica Dragović-Uzelac
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Engineering, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Francesco Donsì
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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Somasekharan Nair Rajam S, Neenthamadathil Mohandas K, Vellolipadikkal H, Viswanathan Leena S, Kollery Suresh V, Natakkakath Kaliyathan R, Sreedharan Nair R, Lankalapalli RS, Mullan Velandy R. Spice-infused palmyra palm syrup improved cell-mediated immunity in Wistar Albino rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13466. [PMID: 32964485 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spices attract tremendous attention in the management of viral infections. However, scientific validation is vital to recommend spices as nutraceuticals or functional foods. In the present work, we have selected three spices based on Ayurvedic knowledge and developed a nutraceutical for immunomodulation. Trikatu, a blend of ginger, black pepper, and long pepper, is used in the Indian Ayurvedic system, along with many herbs, for various ailments. We formulated a "Trikatu syrup" (TS) using these three spices and palmyra palm neera. Carbon clearance assay, neutrophil adhesion test, and sheep red blood cell (SRBC)-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction was performed to investigate the immunomodulatory potential of TS in Wistar Albino rats. The rats fed with TS showed a dose-dependent increase in footpad thickness compared to control rats, suggesting cell-mediated immunity. The major bioactive piperine in TS was isolated and quantified. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Spices are consumed worldwide as a flavor enhancer in food. Besides, spices have an array of bioactive molecules with a multitude of health benefits. In the backdrop of COVID-19, immunomodulation and antiviral properties of spices are discussed widely. The present study is intended to explore the potential of three selected spices (ginger, black pepper, and long pepper) beyond its application in typical food preparations. The syrup formulated in this study by using these three spices improved cell-mediated immunity in Wistar Albino rats. The study warrants further validation studies of the formulated product for providing indisputable claims for the immunomodulation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suja Somasekharan Nair Rajam
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Krishnakumar Neenthamadathil Mohandas
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous), Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Habeeba Vellolipadikkal
- Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Syamnath Viswanathan Leena
- Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Veena Kollery Suresh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Raveena Natakkakath Kaliyathan
- Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajasekharan Sreedharan Nair
- Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ravi Shankar Lankalapalli
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Reshma Mullan Velandy
- Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Flavones' and Flavonols' Antiradical Structure-Activity Relationship-A Quantum Chemical Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060461. [PMID: 32471289 PMCID: PMC7346117 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are known for their antiradical capacity, and this ability is strongly structure-dependent. In this research, the activity of flavones and flavonols in a water solvent was studied with the density functional theory methods. These included examination of flavonoids’ molecular and radical structures with natural bonding orbitals analysis, spin density analysis and frontier molecular orbitals theory. Calculations of determinants were performed: specific, for the three possible mechanisms of action—hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), electron transfer–proton transfer (ETPT) and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET); and the unspecific—reorganization enthalpy (RE) and hydrogen abstraction enthalpy (HAE). Intramolecular hydrogen bonding, catechol moiety activity and the probability of electron density swap between rings were all established. Hydrogen bonding seems to be much more important than the conjugation effect, because some structures tends to form more intramolecular hydrogen bonds instead of being completely planar. The very first hydrogen abstraction mechanism in a water solvent is SPLET, and the most privileged abstraction site, indicated by HAE, can be associated with the C3 hydroxyl group of flavonols and C4’ hydroxyl group of flavones. For the catechol moiety, an intramolecular reorganization to an o-benzoquinone-like structure occurs, and the ETPT is favored as the second abstraction mechanism.
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Kumar CRS, Jha A, Deepthi S. DFT Studies of Distinct Anilines with p-Hydroxycinnamic Acids for Antioxidant Profile. Med Chem 2020; 17:60-70. [PMID: 32370721 DOI: 10.2174/1573406416666200506085152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life style and jobs in current situations have generated increased free radicals such as hydroxyl (OH•) and superoxide (O2•) radicals, thereby increasing stress in humans. Interest in search of antioxidants that trap these free radicals has increased to relieve stress. β-carotene (provitamin A), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), tocopherol or vitamin E, Trolox; butyl hydroxy toluene and phenolic compounds are the well-known antioxidants. Several methods evaluate the antioxidant property existing in natural substances (medicinal plants and agri-food products) and synthetic compounds (2-methyl-3- (pyrrolidin-2-ylideneamino) quinazolin-4 (3H) -one and 3,3'- (1,4- phenylenebis (methanylylidene)) bis (azanylylidene) (2-methyl-quinazolin-4 (3H) -one). OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to focus on complexes with p-hydroxycinnamic acids to trap free radicals in a greener way. METHODS Spectroscopic shifts and structural studies were employed to attribute electronic properties responsible for antioxidant profile. Spectroscopic shifts in wavenumbers were attributed with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR) and Fourier Transform Raman spectra (FT Raman Spectra). Structural studies were performed with Gaussian package, electron density method the B3LYP method, basis set 6-31(d) for attributing electronic properties responsible for antioxidant profile. RESULTS Interpretation of FTIR spectra revealed spectroscopic shifts in wavenumbers in all the complexes responsible for bonding. Further, studies confirmed the formation of complex with reduced intensities in Raman spectra. Computational studies revealed enhancement in molecular and electronic properties responsible for antioxidant power. CONCLUSION Studies revealed that complex with p-nitroaniline contribute to greater acceptor and donor power responsible for antioxidant power. These higher powers suggest the best antiradicals to trap free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Ravi S Kumar
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Anjali Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Sri Deepthi
- Department of Physics, Lendi Institute of Engg & Technology, Visakhapatnam, India
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Sustainable Crop Protection, Global Climate Change, Food Security and Safety-Plant Immunity at the Crossroads. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010042. [PMID: 31991679 PMCID: PMC7158684 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel strategies of plant disease management is crucial in view of the growing demand of sustainability in agri-food chains. The use of agrochemicals is not without risk for the consumer and environment in terms of their residues in food, feed, water bodies and harmful effects on nontarget organisms. However, because of the high global annual yield losses attributable to plant diseases and also due to global climate changes that have exacerbated some phytosanitary emergences, chemical input in agriculture is mandatory. In this complex scenario, the use of agrochemicals that boost the plant immune system represents a relatively novel approach in crop protection. These plant protection products are not antimicrobial or fungicidal agents, but include both natural and synthetic elicitors and plant activators that only target the host immune system, with no biocide mechanism of action. In general, these products present a number of strengths: they leave no residue and should not select resistant pathogen strains, they can be used to control virus diseases, and can increase the levels of bioactive phytochemicals in plant foods.
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Computational aspects of anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: A review. Food Chem 2019; 297:124898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Sharifi-Rad J, Ozleyen A, Boyunegmez Tumer T, Oluwaseun Adetunji C, El Omari N, Balahbib A, Taheri Y, Bouyahya A, Martorell M, Martins N, Cho WC. Natural Products and Synthetic Analogs as a Source of Antitumor Drugs. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E679. [PMID: 31683894 PMCID: PMC6920853 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease and one of the major issues of health concern, especially for the public health system globally. Nature is a source of anticancer drugs with abundant pool of diverse chemicals and pharmacologically active compounds. In recent decade, some natural products and synthetic analogs have been investigated for the cancer treatment. This article presents the utilization of natural products as a source of antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61615-585, Iran.
| | - Adem Ozleyen
- Graduate Program of Biomolecular Sciences, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17020, Turkey.
| | - Tugba Boyunegmez Tumer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17020, Turkey.
| | - Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
- Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Edo University, Iyamho, Edo State 300271, Nigeria.
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10100, Morocco.
| | - Abdelaali Balahbib
- Laboratory of Zoology and General Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10106, Morocco.
| | - Yasaman Taheri
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran.
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10106, Morocco.
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile.
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepcion 4070386, Chile.
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
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Chen Z, Zhang R, Shi W, Li L, Liu H, Liu Z, Wu L. The Multifunctional Benefits of Naturally Occurring Delphinidin and Its Glycosides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11288-11306. [PMID: 31557009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Delphinidin (Del) and its glycosides are water-soluble pigments, belonging to a subgroup of flavonoids. They are health-promoting candidates for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical uses, as indicated by exhibiting antioxidation, anti-inflammation, antimicroorganism, antidiabetes, antiobesity, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, and anticancer properties. Glycosylation modification of Del is associated with increased stability and reduced biological activity. Del and its glycosides can be the alternative inhibitors of CBRs, ERα/β, EGFR, BCRP, and SGLT-1, and virtual docking indicates that the sugar moiety may not effectively interact with the active sites of the targets. Structure-based characteristics confer the multifunctional properties of Del and its glycosides. Because of their health-promoting effects, Del and its glycosides are promising and have been developed as potential pharmaceuticals. However, more investigation on the underlying mechanisms of Del and its glycosides in mediating cellular processes with high specificity are still needed. The research progression of Del and its glycosides over the last 10 years is comprehensively reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixi Chen
- College of Pharmacy , Gannan Medical University , Ganzhou 341000 , China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy , Gannan Medical University , Ganzhou 341000 , China
| | - Weimei Shi
- College of Pharmacy , Gannan Medical University , Ganzhou 341000 , China
| | - Linfu Li
- College of Pharmacy , Gannan Medical University , Ganzhou 341000 , China
| | - Hai Liu
- College of Pharmacy , Gannan Medical University , Ganzhou 341000 , China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- School of Basic Medicine , Gannan Medical University , Ganzhou 341000 , China
| | - Longhuo Wu
- College of Pharmacy , Gannan Medical University , Ganzhou 341000 , China
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Simonovic M, Kojic V, Jakimov D, Glumac M, Pejin B. Raspberry seeds extract selectively inhibits the growth of human lung cancer cells in vitro. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:2253-2256. [PMID: 31526150 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1666391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was focused on in vitro cytotoxicity screening of the raspberry seeds methanol extract towards a number of cancer cell lines of human origin. The tested extract at the preferred concentrations (IC50 <30 µg/mL) inhibited only the growth of the lung cancer A-549 cells (IC50 = 14.07 ± 0.96 µg/mL). At the same time, it was practically inactive (IC50 >300 µg/mL) and non-mutagenic towards normal MRC-5 lung cells. Finally, the extract potently scavenged both OH· (IC50 = 20.11 ± 1.77 µg/mL) and O2-· (IC50 = 47.23 ± 3.82 µg/mL), the free radicals of proved relevance for cancer pathophysiology. Though seeds were enriched with phenolic compounds (TPC = 5.21 ± 0.07 mg GAE/g), anthocyanins were present in traces only (TAC = 0.07 ± 0.003 mg cyn-3-glu/g), while flavonoids were not detected at all. This is the first report on anti-lung cancer potential of the seeds of any soft fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Simonovic
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry - IOFH, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Kojic
- Faculty of Medicine, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, University of Novi Sad, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Dimitar Jakimov
- Faculty of Medicine, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, University of Novi Sad, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Glumac
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology - SFSB, Food Oral Processing Laboratory, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Boris Pejin
- Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research - IMSI, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Georgiev V, Ananga A, Dincheva I, Badjakov I, Gochev V, Tsolova V. Chemical Composition, In Vitro Antioxidant Potential, and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils and Hydrosols from Native American Muscadine Grapes. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183355. [PMID: 31540154 PMCID: PMC6767223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils and hydrosols of two cultivars of muscadine grapes (Muscadinia rotundifolia (Michx.) Small.) were obtained by hydro-distillation of flowers and berry skins. Twenty-three volatile compounds were identified in essential oils from the muscadine flowers, and twenty volatiles in their corresponding hydrosols. The composition of volatiles in berry skins differed significantly from that of the vine flowers. The antioxidant potential of investigated essential oils and hydrosols was evaluated using five in vitro assays: DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method, TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity), FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power), CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity), and NO (nitric oxide radical scavenging assay). The essential oils from the flowers of both cultivars showed the strongest antioxidant power, whereas the hydrosols were the significantly less active. All investigated essential oils showed very weak antibacterial activities against Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, the essential oils from the flowers of both cultivars showed moderate antifungal activities against Candida albicans, which were stronger for the oil from "Carlos" (white muscadine cultivar). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on obtaining and characterizing essential oils and hydrosols from muscadine grapes. This study demonstrated the variations in aromatic compounds accumulated in flowers and mature berry skins of muscadine grapes, and evaluated their possible antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The presented results will be the base for future research, focused on a better understanding of the molecular and regulatory mechanisms involved in aromatic compound biosynthesis and accumulation in muscadine grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasil Georgiev
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Anthony Ananga
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32317, USA.
- Food Science Program, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA.
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- AgroBioInstitute Agricultural Academy, 8 Dr. Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Ilian Badjakov
- AgroBioInstitute Agricultural Academy, 8 Dr. Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Velizar Gochev
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Plovdiv University "P. Hilendarski", 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Violeta Tsolova
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32317, USA.
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Chen B, Ma Y, Li H, Chen X, Zhang C, Wang H, Deng Z. The antioxidant activity and active sites of delphinidin and petunidin measured by DFT, in vitro chemical-based and cell-based assays. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12968. [PMID: 31489675 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A computational DFT B3LYP method with 6-311G (d,p) basis set, the in vitro chemical-based and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assays were applied in this study to explain the structure-antioxidant activity relationships of delphinidin and petunidin. The compound molecular structures, spectral properties, frontier orbital energy, and transition state of delphinidin and petunidin were compared. In transition state, the result of the active site (O21-H32 and O22-H33) was consistent with the result of bond length. The frontier orbital theory results indicated that the probable antioxidant activity order was petunidin (0.09126 a.u.) > delphinidin (0.09175 a.u.), which agreed well with the cell-based antioxidant activity determined by CAA. However, the order of ABTS•+ and DPPH radical scavenging activity was delphinidin > petunidin. Our study could help to provide a rational approach for the investigation of antioxidant activity of phytochemicals. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: As anthocyanins, delphinidin and petunidin with great antioxidant activity are widely found in various fruits and vegetables. However, there are many kinds of methods used to measure their antioxidant activity and the antioxidant mechanism which are not concrete and clear. Therefore, it is crucial to study the antioxidant actvity of anthocyanins utilizing the DFT method combined with in vitro chemical-based and cell-based assays. Our study could contribute not only to the elucidation of chemical mechanism of antioxidants and exploration the structural features in essence, but also to promote the further development of phytochemicals in the field of food chemistry and pharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Yun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, China.,Institute for Advanced Study, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongming Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, China.,Institute for Advanced Study, University of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
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Manolescu BN, Oprea E, Mititelu M, Ruta LL, Farcasanu IC. Dietary Anthocyanins and Stroke: A Review of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Studies. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071479. [PMID: 31261786 PMCID: PMC6682894 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular accidents are currently the second major cause of death and the third leading cause of disability in the world, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), which has provided protocols for stroke prevention. Although there is a multitude of studies on the health benefits associated with anthocyanin (ACN) consumption, there is no a rigorous systematization of the data linking dietary ACN with stroke prevention. This review is intended to present data from epidemiological, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies dealing with the stroke related to ACN-rich diets or ACN supplements, along with possible mechanisms of action revealed by pharmacokinetic studies, including ACN passage through the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Nicolae Manolescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry "C.D. Nenitescu", Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Science of Materials, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Eliza Oprea
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Panduri Street, 050663 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Magdalena Mititelu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 6 Traian Vuia, 020956 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Lavinia L Ruta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Panduri Street, 050663 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Ileana C Farcasanu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Panduri Street, 050663 Bucharest, Romania.
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A DFT Analysis on Antioxidant and Antiradical Activities from Anthraquinones Isolated from the Cameroonian Flora. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/7684941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work is devoted to the exploration antioxidant and antiradical activity of twenty anthraquinones isolated from the Cameroonian flora at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory using the B3LYP/6-31 + G(d,p) geometrical data as geometry optimization starting points. The single electron transfer mechanism has been adopted to examine both biological activities. The classification of the antiradical profile to integrate the electrodonating power (ω−), electroaccepting power (ω+), donor index (Rd) and acceptor index (Ra) has been performed using the donor-acceptor map (DAM). The antioxidant and radical powers of compounds analyzed have been compared to that of two classical vitamins (vitamin C and gallic acid). The stability of each anthraquinone derivative of the molecular library has been developed according to thermodynamic and kinetic concepts. The global reactivity descriptors (GRDs; electrophilicity index (ω), electronegativity (χ), global softness (S), and global hardness (η)) have been used to analyze the reactivity. The topological analysis of optimized structures indicates that the strength of the hydrogen bonds formed is situated between 44.205 and 52.001 kJ/mol. Our B3LYP results reveal that 3-methoxy-1-vismiaquinone (in a configuration without hydrogen bond) exhibits the best antioxidant capacity in gas phase. A comparison between antioxidant performance of molecules examined and that of classical vitamins (gallic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and ascorbic acid (vitamin C)) displayed the fact that the single electron transfer (SET) mechanism is more prominent for compounds of the molecular library analyzed. In the same vein, the antiradical behaviors of anthraquinone derivatives have shown to be higher than that of gallic acid and vitamin C in gas phase and water. The 5,8-dihydroxy-2-methylantraquinone structure in a configuration bearing one hydrogen bond has been found to be the best antiradical of the series in aqueous solution.
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Chen X, Deng Z, Zhang C, Zheng S, Pan Y, Wang H, Li H. WITHDRAWN: Is antioxidant activity of flavonoids mainly through the hydrogen-atom transfer mechanism? Food Res Int 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lalhminghlui K, Jagetia GC. Evaluation of the free-radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of Chilauni, Schima wallichii Korth in vitro. Future Sci OA 2018; 4:FSO272. [PMID: 29379645 PMCID: PMC5778377 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Free radicals are an outcome of various metabolic activities and their excess production leads to many diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to neutralize excess free radicals. MATERIALS & METHODS Free-radical scavenging activity of various extracts of Schima wallichii was evaluated using standard protocols. RESULTS Chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts of S. wallichii scavenged DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide, nitric oxide and ABTS free radicals and increased ferric-reducing antioxidant potential in a concentration-dependent manner. A total of 1000 μg/ml of all the extracts and ethanol extract showed highest total flavonoids and phenol contents, respectively. CONCLUSION The different extracts of S. wallichii scavenged different free radicals efficiently due to the presence of flavonoids and polyphenols and may be helpful in free radical-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lalhminghlui
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Tanhril, Aizawl-796 004 Mizoram, India
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Dimić DS, Milenković DA, Marković JMD, Marković ZS. Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of the reaction between biological catecholamines and chlorinated methylperoxy radicals. Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2017.1414967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dušan S. Dimić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Dejan A. Milenković
- Bioengineering Research and Development Center, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | | | - Zoran S. Marković
- Department of Chemical-Technological Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Republic of Serbia
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