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Ottria R, Porta MD, Xynomilakis O, Casati S, Cazzola R, Ciuffreda P. Lipids and lipid signaling molecules in human milk and infant formula, a chemical characterization of relevant biochemical components. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 126:109580. [PMID: 38272323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Breastfeeding is the gold standard in infant nutrition and continuous researches aim to optimize infant formula composition as the best alternative available. Human milk lipid content provides more than 50% of energy requirements for infants together with essential vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and other bioactive components. While fatty acids and vitamins human milk content has been extensively studied and, when needed those have been added to infant formulas, less is known about polyunsaturated fatty acids functional derivatives and other bioactive components. Here we describe the comparison of lipid compositions in breast milk from 22 healthy volunteers breastfeeding mothers and the six most common infant formula devoting particular attention to two families of signaling lipids, endocannabinoids, and eicosanoids. The main differences between breast milk and formulas lie in a variety of saturated fatty and unsaturated fatty acids, in the total amount (45-95% less in infant formula) and a variety of endocannabinoids and eicosanoids (2-AG, 5(s)HETE, 15(S)-HETE and 14,15-EET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ottria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20157, Italy.
| | - Matteo Della Porta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20157, Italy
| | - Ornella Xynomilakis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20157, Italy
| | - Sara Casati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Cazzola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20157, Italy
| | - Pierangela Ciuffreda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20157, Italy
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Lapčík L, Řepka D, Lapčíková B, Sumczynski D, Gautam S, Li P, Valenta T. A Physicochemical Study of the Antioxidant Activity of Corn Silk Extracts. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112159. [PMID: 37297404 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Corn silk (CS) extracts are reported to contain flavonoids (appx. 59.65 mg quercetin/g), polysaccharides (appx. 58.75 w.%), steroids (appx. 38.3 × 10-3 to 368.9 × 10-3 mg/mL), polyphenols (appx. 77.89 mg/GAE/g) and other functional biological substances. This study investigated the antioxidant activity of corn silk extracts related to their functional compounds. The radical scavenging effect of corn silk extracts was evaluated by the spin-trapping electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS•+) free radical measurement, ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power, and copper ion reductive capacity. It was found that the maturity stage of CS plant materials and the applied extraction procedure of their bioactive compounds have a profound effect on the radical scavenging capacity. Differences in the antioxidant activity of the studied corn silk samples based on their maturity were also confirmed. The strongest DPPH radical scavenging effect was observed for the corn silk mature stage (CS-M)stage (CS-MS) (65.20 ± 0.90)%, followed by the silky stage (CS-S) (59.33 ± 0.61)% and the milky stage (CS-M) (59.20 ± 0.92)%, respectively. In general, the final maturity stage (CS-MS) provided the most potent antioxidant effect, followed by the earliest maturity stage (CS-S) and the second maturity stage (CS-M).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubomír Lapčík
- Department of Foodstuff Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nam. T.G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Řepka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Lapčíková
- Department of Foodstuff Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nam. T.G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Sumczynski
- Department of Foodstuff Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nam. T.G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Shweta Gautam
- Department of Foodstuff Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nam. T.G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Foodstuff Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nam. T.G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Valenta
- Department of Foodstuff Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Nam. T.G. Masaryka 275, CZ-762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic
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Pulido-Hornedo NA, Ventura-Juárez J, Guevara-Lara F, González-Ponce HA, Sánchez-Alemán E, Buist-Homan M, Moshage H, Martínez-Saldaña MC. Hepatoprotective Effect of Opuntia robusta Fruit Biocomponents in a Rat Model of Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Fibrosis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2039. [PMID: 35956519 PMCID: PMC9370284 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a chronic disease associated with oxidative stress that has a great impact on the population mortality. Due to their antioxidant capacity, we evaluated the protective effect of Opuntia robusta fruit (Or) on liver fibrosis. A nutraceutical characterization of Or was performed and a model of fibrosis was induced with thioacetamide (TAA) in Wistar rats. Aminotransferases, reduced glutathione (GSH) and histopathology were evaluated. Or contained 436.5 ± 57 mg of Betacyanins equivalents/L., 793 mg of catechin equivalents (CAE)/100 g for flavonoids, 1118 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g for total phenols, 141.14 mg/100 g for vitamin C and 429.9 μg/100 g for vitamin E. The antioxidant capacity of Or was: 2.27 mmol of Trolox® equivalents (TE)/L (DPPH), 62.2 ± 5.0 μmol TE/g (ABTS•+), 80.2 ± 11.7 μmol TE/g (FRAP), 247.9 ± 15.6 µmol TE/g (AAPH) and 15.0% of H2O2 elimination. An increase (p < 0.05) of aminotransferases and a decrease (p < 0.05) of hepatic GSH was observed in the TAA group compared to the control and the concomitant groups. Histopathology showed changes in the normal architecture of the liver treated with TAA compared to the concomitant treatments. Or contains bioactive components with antioxidant capacity, which can reduce fibrotic liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Ventura-Juárez
- Basic Sciences Center, Department of Morphology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Fidel Guevara-Lara
- Basic Sciences Center, Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | | | - Esperanza Sánchez-Alemán
- Basic Sciences Center, Department of Morphology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
- Unidad de Medicina Familiar 8, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Aguascalientes 20180, Mexico
| | - Manon Buist-Homan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Moshage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
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Massari M, Novielli C, Mandò C, Di Francesco S, Della Porta M, Cazzola R, Panteghini M, Savasi V, Maggini S, Schaefer E, Cetin I. Multiple Micronutrients and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation during Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2432. [PMID: 32823606 PMCID: PMC7468952 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy needs to meet increased nutritional demands to maintain metabolism and to support fetal development. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is essential for fetal neuro-/visual development and in immunomodulation, accumulating rapidly within the developing brain and central nervous system. Levels available to the fetus are governed by the maternal diet. In this multicenter, parallel, randomized controlled trial, we evaluated once-daily supplementation with multiple micronutrients and DHA (i.e., multiple micronutrient supplementation, MMS) on maternal biomarkers and infant anthropometric parameters during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy compared with no supplementation. Primary efficacy endpoint: change in maternal red blood cell (RBC) DHA (wt% total fatty acids) during the study. Secondary variables: other biomarkers of fatty acid and oxidative status, vitamin D, and infant anthropometric parameters at delivery. Supplementation significantly increased RBC DHA levels, the omega-3 index, and vitamin D levels. Subscapular skinfold thickness was significantly greater with MMS in infants. Safety outcomes were comparable between groups. This first randomized controlled trial of supplementation with multiple micronutrients and DHA in pregnant women indicated that MMS significantly improved maternal DHA and vitamin D status in an industrialized setting-an important finding considering the essential roles of DHA and vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Massari
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.D.F.); (I.C.)
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Chiara Novielli
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Chiara Mandò
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Stefania Di Francesco
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.D.F.); (I.C.)
| | - Matteo Della Porta
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Roberta Cazzola
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Mauro Panteghini
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Valeria Savasi
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
| | | | | | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Buzzi Children Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (S.D.F.); (I.C.)
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, Luigi Sacco Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- “Luigi Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy; (C.N.); (C.M.); (M.D.P.); (R.C.); (M.P.)
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5
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Li J, Guasch-Ferré M, Chung W, Ruiz-Canela M, Toledo E, Corella D, Bhupathiraju SN, Tobias DK, Tabung FK, Hu J, Zhao T, Turman C, Feng YCA, Clish CB, Mucci L, Eliassen AH, Costenbader KH, Karlson EW, Wolpin BM, Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Manson JE, Qi L, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Hu FB, Liang L. The Mediterranean diet, plasma metabolome, and cardiovascular disease risk. Eur Heart J 2020; 41:2645-2656. [PMID: 32406924 PMCID: PMC7377580 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether metabolic signature composed of multiple plasma metabolites can be used to characterize adherence and metabolic response to the Mediterranean diet and whether such a metabolic signature is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. METHODS AND RESULTS Our primary study cohort included 1859 participants from the Spanish PREDIMED trial, and validation cohorts included 6868 participants from the US Nurses' Health Studies I and II, and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (NHS/HPFS). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using a validated Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), and plasma metabolome was profiled by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We observed substantial metabolomic variation with respect to Mediterranean diet adherence, with nearly one-third of the assayed metabolites significantly associated with MEDAS (false discovery rate < 0.05). Using elastic net regularized regressions, we identified a metabolic signature, comprised of 67 metabolites, robustly correlated with Mediterranean diet adherence in both PREDIMED and NHS/HPFS (r = 0.28-0.37 between the signature and MEDAS; P = 3 × 10-35 to 4 × 10-118). In multivariable Cox regressions, the metabolic signature showed a significant inverse association with CVD incidence after adjusting for known risk factors (PREDIMED: hazard ratio [HR] per standard deviation increment in the signature = 0.71, P < 0.001; NHS/HPFS: HR = 0.85, P = 0.001), and the association persisted after further adjustment for MEDAS scores (PREDIMED: HR = 0.73, P = 0.004; NHS/HPFS: HR = 0.85, P = 0.004). Further genome-wide association analysis revealed that the metabolic signature was significantly associated with genetic loci involved in fatty acids and amino acids metabolism. Mendelian randomization analyses showed that the genetically inferred metabolic signature was significantly associated with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke (odds ratios per SD increment in the genetically inferred metabolic signature = 0.92 for CHD and 0.91 for stroke; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We identified a metabolic signature that robustly reflects adherence and metabolic response to a Mediterranean diet, and predicts future CVD risk independent of traditional risk factors, in Spanish and US cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wonil Chung
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 4th Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona 31008, Spain
- IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), Edificio LUNA-Navarrabiomed, Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona 31008, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona 31008, Spain
- IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), Edificio LUNA-Navarrabiomed, Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona 31008, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Shilpa N Bhupathiraju
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Deirdre K Tobias
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fred K Tabung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center – James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, 410 W 12th Ave Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jie Hu
- Division of Women’s Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 1620 Tremont St, 3rd floor, Boston, MA 02120, USA
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 4th Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yen-Chen Anne Feng
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Metabolomics Platform,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Metabolomics Platform,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main St, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lorelei Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karen H Costenbader
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Karlson
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Mary Horrigan Connors Center for Women’s Health and Gender Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona 31008, Spain
- IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), Edificio LUNA-Navarrabiomed, Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona 31008, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç 21, Reus 43201, Spain
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Building II 4th Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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6
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Cazzola R, Rondanelli M. N-Oleoyl-Phosphatidyl-Ethanolamine and Epigallo Catechin-3-Gallate Mitigate Oxidative Stress in Overweight and Class I Obese People on a Low-Calorie Diet. J Med Food 2020; 23:319-325. [PMID: 31928490 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation are considered key factors linking obesity with its associated complications. Epigallo catechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and oleoylethanolamide, together with its phospholipid precursor N-oleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NOPE), are nutritional compounds that might improve the oxidative stress status of obese people. Unfortunately, the bioavailability of these compounds is low; however, the coadministration of NOPE with EGCG has been shown to ameliorate both the plasma availability of EGCG and the intestinal levels of NOPE in rats. This double-blind placebo-controlled study investigated the effects of 2 months' supplementation with EGCG complexed with NOPE, combined with moderate energy restriction, on plasma oxidative status of overweight and class I obese subjects. A total of 138 subjects (body mass index: 25-35 kg/m2) were recruited and randomized into two groups: the first (n = 67) received caps of placebo and the second (n = 71) caps of an oily dispersion of EGCG complexed with NOPE for 2 months. Subjects' supplementation was combined with moderate energy restriction (-800 kcal/day). Plasma oxidative status was determined by measuring the levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen metabolites, and by calculating the lag time and the slope of Cu-induced lipid peroxidation kinetics. In total 116 subjects (27 M/89 F) completed the supplementation period, 49 in the placebo group and 67 in the treated group. Treatment induced a similar significant weight reduction in the two groups. Moreover, we found the mean changes of Ox-LDL significantly lower and the mean changes of antioxidant capacity (lag time) significantly higher in NOPE-EGCG group than in placebo group (treatment effect mean difference: -3.15 UL, P < .044 and +5.37 min, P < .0347, respectively). EGCG plasma levels were detectable only after 2 months of NOPE-EGCG diet. The NOPE-EGCG integration to a low-energy diet seems, therefore, useful for ameliorating oxidative stress-related markers, which are concomitant causes of obesity-induced disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cazzola
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences "L. Sacco," University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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7
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Concentration-Dependent Effects of N-3 Long-Chain Fatty Acids on Na,K-ATPase Activity in Human Endothelial Cells. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010128. [PMID: 31905689 PMCID: PMC6982972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) seem to prevent endothelial dysfunction, a crucial step in atherogenesis, by modulating the levels of vasoactive molecules and by influencing Na,K-ATPase activity of vascular myocytes. The activity of endothelial Na,K-ATPase controls the ionic homeostasis of the neighboring cells, as well as cell function. However, controversy exists with respect to the vascular protective effect of EPA and DHA. We argue that this dispute might be due to the use of different concentrations of EPA and DHA in different studies. Therefore, this study was designed to define an optimal concentration of EPA and DHA to investigate endothelial function. For this purpose, human endothelial cells were exposed for 24 h to different concentrations of DHA or EPA (0–20 μM) to study membrane fluidity, peroxidation potential and Na,K-ATPase activity. EPA and DHA were linearly incorporated and this incorporation was mirrored by the linear increase of unsaturation index, membrane fluidity, and peroxidation potential. Na,K-ATPase activity peaked at 3.75 μM of EPA and DHA and then gradually decreased. It is noteworthy that DHA effects were always more pronounced than EPA. Concluding, low concentrations of EPA and DHA minimize peroxidation sensitivity and optimize Na,K-ATPase activity.
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Dasilva G, Pazos M, García-Egido E, Gallardo JM, Ramos-Romero S, Torres JL, Romeu M, Nogués MR, Medina I. A lipidomic study on the regulation of inflammation and oxidative stress targeted by marine ω-3 PUFA and polyphenols in high-fat high-sucrose diets. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 43:53-67. [PMID: 28260647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability of polyphenols to ameliorate potential oxidative damage of ω-3 PUFAs when they are consumed together and then, to enhance their potentially individual effects on metabolic health is discussed through the modulation of fatty acids profiling and the production of lipid mediators. For that, the effects of the combined consumption of fish oils and grape seed procyanidins on the inflammatory response and redox unbalance triggered by high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diets were studied in an animal model of Wistar rats. A standard diet was used as control. Results suggested that fish oils produced a replacement of ω-6 by ω-3 PUFAs in membranes and tissues, and consequently they improved inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters: favored the activity of 12/15-lipoxygenases on ω-3 PUFAs, enhanced glutathione peroxidases activity, modulated proinflammatory lipid mediators synthesis through the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways and down-regulated the synthesis de novo of ARA leaded by Δ5 desaturase. Although polyphenols exerted an antioxidative and antiinflammatory effect in the standard diet, they were less effective to reduce inflammation in the HFHS dietary model. Contrary to the effect observed in the standard diet, polyphenols up-regulated COX pathways toward ω-6 proinflammatory eicosanoids as PGE2 and 11-HETE and decreased the detoxification of ω-3 hydroperoxides in the HFHS diet. As a result, additive effects between fish oils and polyphenols were found in the standard diet in terms of reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. However, in the HFHS diets, fish oils seem to be the one responsible for the positive effects found in the combined group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Dasilva
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), E-36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology and Research Institute for Food Analysis (I.I.A.A.), University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Manuel Pazos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), E-36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Egido
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), E-36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - José M Gallardo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), E-36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Sara Ramos-Romero
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lluís Torres
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Romeu
- Unidad de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, E-43201 Reus, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Nogués
- Unidad de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, E-43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Isabel Medina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), E-36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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Zielniok K, Szkoda K, Gajewska M, Wilczak J. Effect of biologically active substances present in water extracts of white mustard and coriander on antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation of mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 100:988-1002. [PMID: 26452735 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coriander and white mustard, an annual plants originated in the Mediterranean region, have been cultivated and used as spices for a long time. Recent studies have shown that they may constitute a potential source of phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of polyphenols in coriander and white mustard water extracts and to investigate their antioxidant activity in C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells, which serve as a good model of cells with intensive metabolism. HPLC analysis showed that polyphenols were able to permeate from the water extracts of studied plants into the undifferentiated myoblasts as well as myocytes undergoing differentiation, increasing the concentration of reduced glutathione and upregulating glutathione reductase and peroxidase activity. White mustard and coriander extracts also decreased the levels of oxysterols and sum of tiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in both: myoblasts and differentiating myocytes, demonstrating protective effect on cell membranes. The obtained results indicate that polyphenols synthesized by both herbs may have beneficial effects on muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zielniok
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - K Szkoda
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Gajewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Wilczak
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Neuroinflammatory processes in cognitive disorders: Is there a role for flavonoids and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in counteracting their detrimental effects? Neurochem Int 2015; 89:63-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Jiménez-Girón A, Ibáñez C, Cifuentes A, Simó C, Muñoz-González I, Martín-Álvarez PJ, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV. Faecal metabolomic fingerprint after moderate consumption of red wine by healthy subjects. J Proteome Res 2014; 14:897-905. [PMID: 25496753 DOI: 10.1021/pr500960g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Faecal metabolome contains information on the metabolites found in the intestine, from which knowledge about the metabolic function of the gut microbiota can be obtained. Changes in the metabolomic profile of faeces reflect, among others, changes in the composition and activity of the intestinal microorganisms. In an effort to improve our understanding of the biological effects that phenolic compounds (including red wine polyphenols) exert at the gut level, in this foodomic study we have undertaken a metabolome characterization of human faeces after moderate consumption of red wine by healthy subjects for 4 weeks. Namely, a nontargeted metabolomic approach based on the use of UHPLC-TOF MS was developed to achieve the maximum metabolite information on 82 human faecal samples. After data processing and statistical analysis, 37 metabolites were related to wine intake, from which 20 could be tentatively or completely identified, including the following: (A) wine compounds, (B) microbial-derived metabolites of wine polyphenols, and (C) endogenous metabolites and/or others derived from other nutrient pathways. After wine consumption, faecal metabolome was fortified in flavan-3-ols metabolites. Also, of relevance was the down regulation of xanthine and bilirubin-derived metabolites such as urobilinogen and stercobilin after moderate wine consumption. As far as we know, this is the first study of the faecal metabolome after wine intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jiménez-Girón
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM , C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9. CEI UAM+CSIC. Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Lian K, Niu L, Kang W, Zhang P. Effects of a high fat diet on long-chain fatty acids composition in rats serum and liver. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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