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Hernández-Guzmán C, Hernández-Montiel LG, Velázquez-Lizarraga AE, Ríos-González LJ, Huerta-Ochoa S, Cervantes-Güicho VDJ, Morales-Martínez TK, Mejía-Ruíz CH, Reyes AG. Enhanced Antioxidant, Antifungal, and Herbicidal Activities through Bioconversion of Diosgenin by Yarrowia lipolytica P01a. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2629. [PMID: 39339605 PMCID: PMC11434977 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the bioconversion of diosgenin by Yarrowia lipolytica P01a, focusing on enhancing the antioxidant, antifungal, and herbicidal activities of the resulting extracts. The bioconversion process, involving glycosylation and hydroxylation, produced significant amounts of protodioscin and soyasaponin I. The extracts showed superior antioxidant activity, with up to 97.02% inhibition of ABTS· radicals and 33.30% inhibition of DPPH· radicals at 1000 mg L-1 of diosgenin. Antifungal assays revealed strong inhibitory effects against Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria sp., and Aspergillus niger, with maximum inhibition rates of 67.34%, 35.63%, and 65.53%, respectively. Additionally, the herbicidal activity of the bioconverted extracts was comparable to commercial herbicides, achieving 100% inhibition of seed germination in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. These findings suggest that the Y. lipolytica P01a-mediated bioconversion of diosgenin could provide a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative for developing natural biofungicides and bioherbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hernández-Guzmán
- Unidad Iztapalapa, Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México City 02128, Mexico
| | - Luis G Hernández-Montiel
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Programa de Agricultura en Zonas Áridas, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, Mexico
| | | | - Leopoldo J Ríos-González
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila 25280, Mexico
| | - Sergio Huerta-Ochoa
- Unidad Iztapalapa, Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México City 02128, Mexico
| | | | | | - Claudio H Mejía-Ruíz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Programa de Agricultura en Zonas Áridas, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, Mexico
| | - Ana G Reyes
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Programa de Agricultura en Zonas Áridas, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23096, Mexico
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2
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Lai‐Foenander AS, Kuppusamy G, Manogoran J, Xu T, Chen Y, Tang SY, Ser H, Yow Y, Goh KW, Ming LC, Chuah L, Yap W, Goh B. Black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens L.): A potential small mighty giant in the field of cosmeceuticals. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2120. [PMID: 38831777 PMCID: PMC11144625 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Natural products are widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries due to their high-value bioactive compounds, which make for "greener" and more environmentally friendly ingredients. These natural compounds are also considered a safer alternative to antibiotics, which may result in antibiotic resistance as well as unfavorable side effects. The development of cosmeceuticals, which combine the cosmetic and pharmaceutical fields to create skincare products with therapeutic value, has increased the demand for unique natural resources. The objective of this review is to discuss the biological properties of extracts derived from larvae of the black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens), the appropriate extraction methods, and the potential of this insect as a novel active ingredient in the formulation of new cosmeceutical products. This review also addresses the biological actions of compounds originating from the BSF, and the possible association between the diets of BSF larvae and their subsequent bioactive composition. Methods A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar to identify and evaluate the various biological properties of the BSF. Results One such natural resource that may be useful in the cosmeceutical field is the BSF, a versatile insect with numerous potential applications due to its nutrient content and scavenging behavior. Previous research has also shown that the BSF has several biological properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing effects. Conclusion Given the range of biological activities and metabolites possessed by the BSF, this insect may have the cosmeceutical potential to treat a number of skin pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Sean Lai‐Foenander
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of PharmacyMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Giva Kuppusamy
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Research and DevelopmentGK Aqua Sdn Bhd, Port DicksonNegeri SembilanMalaysia
| | - Janaranjani Manogoran
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Research and DevelopmentGK Aqua Sdn Bhd, Port DicksonNegeri SembilanMalaysia
| | - Tengfei Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Siah Ying Tang
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of EngineeringMonash University Malaysia, Bandar SunwaySelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia
| | - Hooi‐Leng Ser
- Department of Biological SciencesSchool of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway UniversityBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Yoon‐Yen Yow
- Department of Biological SciencesSchool of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway UniversityBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information TechnologyINTI International UniversityNilaiMalaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Medical SciencesSchool of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway UniversityBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Lay‐Hong Chuah
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of PharmacyMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Wei‐Hsum Yap
- School of BiosciencesTaylor's University, Subang JayaSelangorMalaysia
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP)Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (FHMS), Taylor's University, Subang JayaSelangorMalaysia
| | - Bey‐Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of PharmacyMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
- College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Sunway Biofunctional Molecules Discovery Centre (SBMDC)School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway UniversitySunwayMalaysia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative MedicineUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia
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3
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Dini S, Bekhit AEDA, Roohinejad S, Vale JM, Agyei D. The Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Biosurfactants: A Review. Molecules 2024; 29:2544. [PMID: 38893420 PMCID: PMC11173842 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Surfactants, also known as surface-active agents, have emerged as an important class of compounds with a wide range of applications. However, the use of chemical-derived surfactants must be restricted due to their potential adverse impact on the ecosystem and the health of human and other living organisms. In the past few years, there has been a growing inclination towards natural-derived alternatives, particularly microbial surfactants, as substitutes for synthetic or chemical-based counterparts. Microbial biosurfactants are abundantly found in bacterial species, predominantly Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. The chemical structures of biosurfactants involve the complexation of lipids with carbohydrates (glycolipoproteins and glycolipids), peptides (lipopeptides), and phosphates (phospholipids). Lipopeptides, in particular, have been the subject of extensive research due to their versatile properties, including emulsifying, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. This review provides an update on research progress in the classification of surfactants. Furthermore, it explores various bacterial biosurfactants and their functionalities, along with their advantages over synthetic surfactants. Finally, the potential applications of these biosurfactants in many industries and insights into future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Dini
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (S.D.); (A.E.-D.A.B.)
| | - Alaa El-Din A. Bekhit
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (S.D.); (A.E.-D.A.B.)
| | - Shahin Roohinejad
- Research and Development Division, Zoom Essence Inc., 1131 Victory Place, Hebron, KY 41048, USA (J.M.V.)
| | - Jim M. Vale
- Research and Development Division, Zoom Essence Inc., 1131 Victory Place, Hebron, KY 41048, USA (J.M.V.)
| | - Dominic Agyei
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (S.D.); (A.E.-D.A.B.)
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4
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Qin P, Shen J, Wei J, Chen Y. A critical review of the bioactive ingredients and biological functions of camellia oleifera oil. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100753. [PMID: 38725963 PMCID: PMC11081779 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Camellia oleifera oil is a pure and natural high-grade oil prevalent in South China. Camellia oleifera oil is known for its richness in unsaturated fatty acids and high nutritional value. There is increasing evidence indicating that a diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids is beneficial to health. Despite the widespread production of Camellia oleifera oil and its bioactive components, reports on its nutritional components are scarce, especially regarding systematic reviews of extraction methods and biological functions. This review systematically summarized the latest research on the bioactive components and biological functions of Camellia oleifera oil reported over the past decade. In addition to unsaturated fatty acids, Camellia oleifera oil contains six main functional components contributing to its antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular protective properties. These functional components are vitamin E, saponins, polyphenols, sterols, squalene, and flavonoids. This paper reviewed the biological activity of Camellia oleifera oil and its extraction methods, laying a foundation for further development of its bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiju Qin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology & International, Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource, Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Junjun Shen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology & International, Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource, Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, National Engineering Research Center for Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Jeigen Wei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology & International, Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource, Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Biotechnology & International, Cooperation Base of Science and Technology Innovation on Forest Resource, Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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5
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Li L, Zhang J, Cheng W, Di F, Wang C, An Q. Saponins of Paris polyphylla for the Improvement of Acne: Anti-Inflammatory, Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Effects. Molecules 2024; 29:1793. [PMID: 38675613 PMCID: PMC11052371 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a recurring nature that seriously impacts patients' quality of life. Currently, antibiotic resistance has made it less effective in treating acne. However, Paris polyphylla (P. polyphylla) is a valuable medicinal plant with a wide range of chemical components. Of these, P. polyphylla saponins modulate the effects in vivo and in vitro through antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects. Acne is primarily associated with inflammatory reactions, abnormal sebum function, micro-ecological disorders, hair follicle hyperkeratosis, and, in some patients, immune function. Therefore, the role of P. polyphylla saponins and their values in treating acne is worthy of investigation. Overall, this review first describes the distribution and characteristics of P. polyphylla and the pathogenesis of acne. Then, the potential mechanisms of P. polyphylla saponins in treating acne are listed in detail (reduction in the inflammatory response, antibacterial action, modulation of immune response and antioxidant effects, etc.). In addition, a brief description of the chemical composition of P. polyphylla saponins and its available extraction methods are described. We hope this review can serve as a quick and detailed reference for future studies on their potential acne treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Li
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.L.); (W.C.); (F.D.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiachan Zhang
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.L.); (W.C.); (F.D.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wenjing Cheng
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.L.); (W.C.); (F.D.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Feiqian Di
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.L.); (W.C.); (F.D.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Changtao Wang
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (L.L.); (W.C.); (F.D.); (C.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Quan An
- Yunnan Baiyao Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650000, China;
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6
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de Aguiar NS, Hansel FA, Reis CAF, Lazzarotto M, Wendling I. Optimizing the Vanillin-Acid Sulfuric Method to Total Saponin Content in Leaves of Yerba Mate Clones. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301883. [PMID: 38358959 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a forest species consumed in the form of non-alcoholic beverages in South America, with applications in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. The species leaves are globally recognized for their important bioactive compounds, including, saponins. We adjusted the vanillin-acid sulfuric method for determining spectrophotometrically the total saponin in yerba mate leaves. Seeking to maximize the extraction of saponins from leaves, a Doehlert design combined with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used, considering ethanol:water ratios and ultrasound times. In addition, the same methodology was used for the analysis of times and temperatures in the vanillin-sulfuric acid reaction heating. The contents of total saponin in mature leaves were compared in four yerba mate clones. The extraction was maximized using 40 % ethanol:60 % water and 60 minutes of ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) without heating. For the reaction conditions, 70 °C for 10 minutes heating is recommended, and UV/Vis reading from 460 to 680 nm. Using the optimized methodology, total saponin contents ranged from 28.43 to 53.09 mg g-1 in the four yerba mate clones. The significant difference in saponin contents between clones indicate great genetic diversity and potential for clones' selection and extraction of these compounds from yerba mate leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Saudade de Aguiar
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Departament of Forest Science, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, 80210-170
| | - Fabricio Augusto Hansel
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Forestry, Colombo, Paraná, Brazil, 83411-000
| | | | - Marcelo Lazzarotto
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Grape and Wine, Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 95701-008
| | - Ivar Wendling
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Departament of Forest Science, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, 80210-170
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Forestry, Colombo, Paraná, Brazil, 83411-000
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7
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Jolly A, Hour Y, Lee YC. An outlook on the versatility of plant saponins: A review. Fitoterapia 2024; 174:105858. [PMID: 38365071 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The abundance of saponin-rich plants across different ecosystems indicates their great potential as a replacement for harmful synthetic surfactants in modern commercial products. These organic saponins have remarkable biological and surface-active properties and align with sustainable and eco-friendly practices. This article examines and discusses the structure and properties of plant saponins with high yield of saponin concentrations and their exploitable applications. This highlights the potential of saponins as ethical substitutes for traditional synthetic surfactants and pharmacological agents, with favorable effects on the economy and environment. For this purpose, studies on the relevant capabilities, structure, and yield of selected plants were thoroughly examined. Studies on the possible uses of the selected saponins have also been conducted. This in-depth analysis highlights the potential of saponins as workable and ethical replacements for traditional synthetic medications and surfactants, thus emphasizing their favorable effects on human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annu Jolly
- Department of BioNanotechnology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeon-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Youl Hour
- 125-6, Techno 2-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34024, BTGin co., Ltd., Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNanotechnology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeon-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Kulkarni S, Gaikwad A, Bhoi N, Hade A, Kokwar M, Gulwade M. Isolation, purification and structure elucidation of eight saponin compounds from Calotropis gigantea. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38534095 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2331605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Identifying the active ingredient from plant extracts and establishing its safety and efficacy remains a challenge, so there is need to develop optimised Isolation and purification method to concentrate the natural product from plant resources. In the key content areas of Pharmaceutical, natural product Industry and food application. Asclepiadaceae perennial herb Calotropis gigantea has a long history of usage in folk medicine. The purpose of this study to isolate, purified and structure elucidation of the saponin compounds. As per the Literature study reported that, the saponin compounds remain a huge source for medicinal, are rich sources of chemical compounds having tremendous diversity with respect to structure, function and mechanism of action. In this study we selected Calotropis gigantea for the separation of the saponin. In the present study we successfully isolated, purified, elucidated the structure and identified the saponin compounds using HPLC and HR LC-MS techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Kulkarni
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra
| | - Ajit Gaikwad
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra
| | - Nilesh Bhoi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra
| | - Amit Hade
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra
| | - Mona Kokwar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra
| | - Manali Gulwade
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra
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9
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Kwon R, Lee S, Kim JH, Na H, Lee SJ, Kim HW, Wee CD, Yoo SM, Lee SH. Characterization of Seven New Steroidal Saponins from Korean Oat Cultivars by UPLC-QTOF-MS and UPLC-MS/MS. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14356-14367. [PMID: 38559960 PMCID: PMC10976377 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Oat saponins are composed of triterpenoid and steroidal saponins, and their potential biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungicidal, osteogenic, and anticancer activities, have been reported. In this study, qualitative and quantitative analyses of oat saponins were conducted by using UPLC-QToF-MS and UPLC-Triple Q-MS/MS. A total of 22 saponins were analyzed in seven Korean oat cultivars. Among them, 7 saponins were identified as new compounds in this source, which were tentatively confirmed as nuatigenin-type saponins with 26-O-diglucoside and 3-O-malonylglucoside forms and (25S)-furost-5-en-3β,22,26-triol-type saponins. In addition, the total content of these saponins ranged from 70.61 to 141.38 mg/100 g dry weight, and it was affected by the type of oat cultivar and the presence or absence of hulling. These detailed profiles will be suggested as fundamental data for breeding superior oat cultivars, evaluating of related products, and various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryeong
Ha Kwon
- Department of Agrofood
Resources,
National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Suji Lee
- Department of Agrofood
Resources,
National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyung Kim
- Department of Agrofood
Resources,
National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Na
- Department of Agrofood
Resources,
National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Jeong Lee
- Department of Agrofood
Resources,
National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Woong Kim
- Department of Agrofood
Resources,
National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Do Wee
- Department of Agrofood
Resources,
National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Mi Yoo
- Department of Agrofood
Resources,
National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Agrofood
Resources,
National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
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10
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Han J, Duan S, Li Y, Xin C. Time-series analysis of hematopoietic stem cells. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36509. [PMID: 38394540 PMCID: PMC11309688 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the aging of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Gene expression profile GSE32719 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, including 14 young, 5 middle, and 8 old HSCs. Differential expression analysis, short time-series expression miner analysis, and weighted co-expression network analysis were conducted to screen for hub genes whose expression changed over time during HSC aging. Subsequently, functional enrichment and multiple regulatory network analyses of the hub genes were performed. A total of 124 intersecting time-dependent differentially expressed and module genes were obtained, which were considered hub genes whose expression changed over time during HSC aging. Hub genes were significantly enriched in pathways such as the Hippo and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways. Moreover, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit (FOS) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) had higher degrees in the protein-protein interaction network, were regulated by more transcription factors (TFs), such as Sp1 transcription factor (SP1) and BRCA1 DNA repair-associated (BRCA1), in the TF-mRNA-miRNA network, were associated with more diseases in the disease-gene network, and could be targeted by more drugs in the drug-gene network. Furthermore, SIRT1 was targeted by miR-9-5p in the TF-mRNA-miRNA network. Hub genes such as FOS and SIRT1 and key pathways such as the Hippo and AMPK signaling pathways may play crucial roles in HSC aging. Moreover, FOS and SIRT1 were regulated by SP1 and BRCA1, respectively, during HSC aging. Furthermore, miR-9-5p may modulate HSC aging by targeting SIRT1. Thus, FOS and SIRT1 may be potential therapeutic targets for age-related hematopoietic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Han
- Clinical Medical College of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining NO.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Shuangshuang Duan
- Clinical Medical College of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jining NO.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Ya Li
- Jining NO.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Chunlei Xin
- Jining NO.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
- Yingjisha County People’s Hospital, Xinjiang, China
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11
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Paluch E, Bortkiewicz O, Widelski J, Duda-Madej A, Gleńsk M, Nawrot U, Lamch Ł, Długowska D, Sobieszczańska B, Wilk KA. A Combination of β-Aescin and Newly Synthesized Alkylamidobetaines as Modern Components Eradicating the Biofilms of Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Strains of Candida glabrata. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2541. [PMID: 38473787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The current trend in microbiological research aimed at limiting the development of biofilms of multidrug-resistant microorganisms is increasingly towards the search for possible synergistic effects between various compounds. This work presents a combination of a naturally occurring compound, β-aescin, newly synthesized alkylamidobetaines (AABs) with a general structure-CnTMDAB, and antifungal drugs. The research we conducted consists of several stages. The first stage concerns determining biological activity (antifungal) against selected multidrug-resistant strains of Candida glabrata (C. glabrata) with the highest ability to form biofilms. The second stage of this study determined the activity of β-aescin combinations with antifungal compounds and alkylamidobetaines. In the next stage of this study, the ability to eradicate a biofilm on the polystyrene surface of the combination of β-aescin with alkylamidobetaines was examined. It has been shown that the combination of β-aescin and alkylamidobetaine can firmly remove biofilms and reduce their viability. The last stage of this research was to determine the safety regarding the cytotoxicity of both β-aescin and alkylamidobetaines. Previous studies on the fibroblast cell line have shown that C9 alkylamidobetaine can be safely used as a component of anti-biofilm compounds. This research increases the level of knowledge about the practical possibilities of using anti-biofilm compounds in combined therapies against C. glabrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Paluch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-376 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Olga Bortkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-376 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Widelski
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Lublin Medical University, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Duda-Madej
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-376 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michał Gleńsk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Nawrot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Lamch
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Daria Długowska
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Sobieszczańska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-376 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kazimiera A Wilk
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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12
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Zhuniskenov Y, Sabirova A, Serikov G, Abbas AH, Pourafshary P. Impact of the Naturally Driven Surfactant in EOR Application: Experimental, Microscopic, and Numerical Analyses. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1327-1340. [PMID: 38222572 PMCID: PMC10785280 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
While synthetic, conventional surfactants have a known negative environmental impact, their high cost poses a significant challenge. In contrast, naturally extracted surfactants are cheaper and are readily available. The applicability of natural surfactants depends on the saponin concentration, extraction, and synthesis methods. Certain parameters, such as their efficiency in obtaining the required interfacial tension (IFT) values, salinity tolerance, and stability under reservoir conditions, must be examined. Kazakhstan produces a substantial quantity of flaxseed, and flaxseed oil is a good source of fatty acids that can be converted to natural surfactants. Therefore, the work aims to identify the potential of the natural-flaxseed oil surfactant. The experimental study evaluated the synthesized surfactant, effective concentration, salinity's effect, interfacial tension, rheology, and oil recovery concerns in vugs limestone. A microscopic study was conducted to provide insight into the flow in the vugus matrix. At the same time, the numerical method was also employed to establish a potential recovery understanding. The Fourier spectrometer results proved the distinct presence of the triterpenoid. The critical micelle concentrations are 6 and 2.5 wt % for solution in 0 and seawater salinity, respectively. The IFT was reduced by 40-48% and is more effective in seawater solutions. The oil additional recovery was 39-50% after surfactants. The presence of a fractured vugus did not affect the success of the application. Despite the difficulty in modeling the system, the numerical results agree with the experiments and show only 7% differences in total recovery. The research offers novel natural surfactants that can be applied in offshore Kazakhstan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yermukhan Zhuniskenov
- Department of Petroleum Engineering,
School of Mining and Geosciences, Nazarbayev
University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Aruzhan Sabirova
- Department of Petroleum Engineering,
School of Mining and Geosciences, Nazarbayev
University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Galymzhan Serikov
- Department of Petroleum Engineering,
School of Mining and Geosciences, Nazarbayev
University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Azza Hashim Abbas
- Department of Petroleum Engineering,
School of Mining and Geosciences, Nazarbayev
University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Peyman Pourafshary
- Department of Petroleum Engineering,
School of Mining and Geosciences, Nazarbayev
University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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13
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Abdurrahman M, Kamal MS, Ramadhan R, Daniati A, Arsad A, Abdul Rahman AF, Rita N. Ecofriendly Natural Surfactants in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Comprehensive Review. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:41004-41021. [PMID: 37970044 PMCID: PMC10633819 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of different types of chemicals in upstream oilfield operations is critical for optimizing the different operations involved in hydrocarbon exploration and production. Surfactants are a type chemical that are applied in various upstream operations, such as drilling, fracturing, and enhanced oil recovery. However, due to their nonbiodegradability and toxicity, the use of synthetic surfactants has raised environmental concerns. Natural surfactants have emerged because of the hunt for sustainable and environmentally suitable substitutes. This Review discusses the role of natural surfactants in upstream operations as well as their benefits and drawbacks. The Review discusses the basic characteristics of surfactants, their classification, and the variables that affect their performance. Finally, the Review examines the possible applications of natural surfactants in the upstream oil sector and identifies areas that require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muslim Abdurrahman
- Department
of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Islam Riau, Khairuddin Nasution Street no. 113, Simpang
Tiga, Pekanbaru 28284, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Kamal
- Center
for Integrative Petroleum Research, King
Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Romal Ramadhan
- Department
of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang
Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Arik Daniati
- Department
of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technologhy, Ganesa Street no. 10, Bandung, West Java 40132, Indonesia
| | - Agus Arsad
- UTM-MPRC
Institute for Oil and Gas, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Anis Farhana Abdul Rahman
- UTM-MPRC
Institute for Oil and Gas, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Novia Rita
- Department
of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Islam Riau, Khairuddin Nasution Street no. 113, Simpang
Tiga, Pekanbaru 28284, Indonesia
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14
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Wang M, Chen Q, Hua X, Yang R. Highly efficient isolation and purification of high-purity tea saponins from industrial camellia oil production by porous polymeric adsorbents. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7006-7020. [PMID: 37319237 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recovery of high-purity tea saponin (TS), a promising non-ionic surfactant with well-documented properties, is one of the major challenges to broadening its industrial applications. In this study, an innovative and sustainable strategy for the highly-efficient purification of TS was developed by using well-designed highly-porous polymeric adsorbents. RESULTS The prepared Pp-A with controllable macropores (~96 nm) and appropriate surface hydrophobic properties was found more favorable for achieving high adsorption efficiency towards TS/TS-micelles. Kinetic results showed the adsorption follows the pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.9800), and the Langmuir model is more qualified to explicate the adsorption isotherms with Qe-TS ~ 675 mg g-1 . Thermodynamic studies revealed the monolayer adsorption of TS was an endothermic process that was conducted spontaneously. Interestingly, ethanol-driven desorption (90% v/v ethanol) of TS was rapidly (< 30 min) complete due to the possible ethanol-mediated disassembling of TS-micelles. A possible mechanism that involves the interactions between the adsorbents and TS/TS-micelles, the formation and disassembling of TS-micelles was proposed to account for the highly efficient purification of TS. Afterwards, Pp-A-based adsorption method was developed to purify TS directly from industrial camellia oil production. Through selective adsorption, pre-washing, and ethanol-driven desorption, the applied Pp-A enabled the direct isolation of high-purity TS (~96%) with a recovery ratio > 90%. Notably, Pp-A exhibited excellent operational stability and is of high potential for long-term industrial application. CONCLUSION Results ensured the practical feasibility of the prepared porous adsorbents in purifying TS, and the proposed methodology is a promising industrial-scale purification strategy. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruijin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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15
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Gwanya H, Cawe S, Egbichi I, Gxaba N, Mbuyiswa AA, Zonyane S, Mbolekwa B, Manganyi MC. Bowiea volubilis: From "Climbing Onion" to Therapeutic Treasure-Exploring Human Health Applications. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2081. [PMID: 37895462 PMCID: PMC10608581 DOI: 10.3390/life13102081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bowiea volubilis subsp. volubilis is primarily used to address human respiratory infections, coughs, and colds due to its diverse pharmaceutical properties. Notably, the plant contains alkaloids that exhibit notable antifungal, antibacterial, and cytotoxic properties. Additionally, the presence of saponins, with recognized antioxidant and anticancer attributes, further contributes to its medicinal potential. Steroid compounds inherent to the plant have been associated with anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Moreover, the bulb of B. volubilis has been associated as a source of various cardiac glycosides. Despite these therapeutic prospects, B. volubilis remains inedible due to the presence of naturally occurring toxic substances that pose risks to both animals and humans. The review focuses on a comprehensive exploration concerning B. volubilis ethnobotanical applications, phytochemical properties, and diverse biological activities in relation to in vitro and in vivo applications for promoting human health and disease prevention. The aim of the study is to comprehensively investigate the phytochemical composition, bioactive compounds, and potential medicinal properties of Bowiea volubilis, with the ultimate goal of uncovering its therapeutic applications for human health. This review also highlights an evident gap in research, i.e., insufficient evidence-based research on toxicity data. This void in knowledge presents a promising avenue for future investigations, opening doors to expanded inquiries into the properties and potential applications of B. volubilis in the context of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Madira C. Manganyi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Botany Section, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive, Mthatha Campus, Mthatha 5117, South Africa; (H.G.); (S.C.); (I.E.); (N.G.); (A.-A.M.); (S.Z.); (B.M.)
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16
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Kshirsagar KR, Pathak SS, Patil SM. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L): A Fruitful Fountain of Remedial Potential. Cureus 2023; 15:e45677. [PMID: 37868528 PMCID: PMC10590020 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) has long been used for medical purposes. Punica protopunicas and Punica granatum L. are two prominent species of pomegranate, generally known as "Anar" and farmed worldwide. Its medicinal value is documented in several ancient texts. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the remedial uses of pomegranate in traditional and modern medicine. The methodology employed for this review involves a systematic literature search, collection of relevant articles, and critical analysis of their content. The review covers the botanical properties, phytochemical composition, and diverse remedial applications of pomegranate, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardiovascular, antimicrobial, and dermatological properties. The gathered data emphasizes the potential benefits of pomegranate-derived compounds in managing a range of health issues. This review sheds light on the importance of pomegranate as a valuable natural resource for various therapeutic interventions and encourages further research to unlock its full remedial potential. Traditional medicine is gaining popularity to restore health to individuals with few negative effects. Due to the existence of key phytochemical elements such as flavonoids, punic acid, ellagic acid, anthocyanins, ellagitannins, flavones, and estrogenic flavonoids, it has a wide range of clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani R Kshirsagar
- Clinical Research, School of Allied Health Sciences, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Swanand S Pathak
- Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sejal M Patil
- Clinical Research, School of Allied Health sciences, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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17
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Timilsena YP, Phosanam A, Stockmann R. Perspectives on Saponins: Food Functionality and Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13538. [PMID: 37686341 PMCID: PMC10487995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Saponins are a diverse group of naturally occurring plant secondary metabolites present in a wide range of foods ranging from grains, pulses, and green leaves to sea creatures. They consist of a hydrophilic sugar moiety linked to a lipophilic aglycone, resulting in an amphiphilic nature and unique functional properties. Their amphiphilic structures enable saponins to exhibit surface-active properties, resulting in stable foams and complexes with various molecules. In the context of food applications, saponins are utilized as natural emulsifiers, foaming agents, and stabilizers. They contribute to texture and stability in food products and have potential health benefits, including cholesterol-lowering and anticancer effects. Saponins possess additional bioactivities that make them valuable in the pharmaceutical industry as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antiparasitic agents to name a few. Saponins can demonstrate cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines and can also act as adjuvants, enhancing the immune response to vaccines. Their ability to form stable complexes with drugs further expands their potential in drug delivery systems. However, challenges such as bitterness, cytotoxicity, and instability under certain conditions need to be addressed for effective utilization of saponins in foods and related applications. In this paper, we have reviewed the chemistry, functionality, and application aspects of saponins from various plant sources, and have summarized the regulatory aspects of the food-based application of quillaja saponins. Further research to explore the full potential of saponins in improving food quality and human health has been suggested. It is expected that this article will be a useful resource for researchers in food, feed, pharmaceuticals, and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakindra Prasad Timilsena
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Agriculture and Food, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia;
| | - Arissara Phosanam
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakhon Nakon 47000, Thailand;
| | - Regine Stockmann
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Agriculture and Food, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia;
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18
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El Mouttaqi A, Sabraoui T, Belcaid M, Ibourki M, Mnaouer I, Lazaar K, Sehbaoui F, Ait Elhaj R, Khaldi M, Rafik S, Zim J, Nilahyane A, Ghoulam C, Devkota KP, Kouisni L, Hirich A. Agro-morphological and biochemical responses of quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd. var: ICBA-Q5) to organic amendments under various salinity conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1143170. [PMID: 37223820 PMCID: PMC10200984 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1143170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the Sahara Desert, due to drought and salinity and poor soil fertility, very limited crop choice is available for the farmers to grow crops. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has shown promising under such conditions in the South of Morocco, a true representative site of Sahara Desert. Soil organic amendments have the potential to minimize negative effects of soil salinity and improve crop production. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the impact of nine organic amendments on quinoa (var. ICBA-Q5) growth, productivity, and biochemical parameters under saline irrigation water application (4, 12, and 20 dS·m-1). Results of the experiment indicate a significant effect of organic amendments on major agro-morphological and productivity parameters. Biomass and seed yield tends to decrease with the rise of salinity level, and organic amendments have improved productivity compared to the non-treated control. However, salinity stress alleviation was assessed by determining pigments concentration, proline content, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity. Therefore, the action of organic amendments varies from one level of salinity to another. Furthermore, a remarkably significant decrease in total saponin content was reached due to the application of amendments even at high saline conditions (20 dS·m-1). The results demonstrate the possibility of enhancing the productivity of quinoa as an alternative food crop under salinity conditions by using organic amendments and improving the quality of grains (saponin reduction) during the pre-industrialization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub El Mouttaqi
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Talal Sabraoui
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Belcaid
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ibourki
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Ihssane Mnaouer
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Karima Lazaar
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Faissal Sehbaoui
- Agri-Edge, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Reda Ait Elhaj
- Agri-Edge, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Manal Khaldi
- Agri-Edge, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Sifeddine Rafik
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Jamaâ Zim
- Department of Plant Protection, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Nilahyane
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Cherki Ghoulam
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
- Agrobiotechnology & Bioengineering Centre, Cadi Ayyad University, FST, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Krishna Prasad Devkota
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
- Soil, Water, and Agronomy (SWA) Program, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Lamfeddal Kouisni
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Hirich
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
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19
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Zhu F, Zhao B, Hu B, Zhang Y, Xue B, Wang H, Chen Q. Review of available "extraction + purification" methods of natural ceramides and their feasibility for sewage sludge analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:68022-68053. [PMID: 37147548 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural ceramide, a biologically active compound present in plants, has been used widely in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Abundant ceramide has been detected in sewage sludge, which has inspired the idea to recycle ceramide from it. Therefore, the methods of extracting, purifying, and detecting ceramides from plants were reviewed, with the aim to establish methods to get condensed ceramide from sludge. Ceramide extraction methods include traditional methods (maceration, reflux, and Soxhlet extraction) and green technologies (ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted, and supercritical fluid extraction). In the past two decades, more than 70% of the articles have used traditional methods. However, green extraction methods are gradually improved and showed high extraction efficiency with lower solvent consumed. The preferred technique for ceramide purification is chromatography. Common solvent systems include chloroform-methanol, n-hexane-ethyl acetate, petroleum ether-ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether-acetone. For structural determination of ceramide, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry are used in combination. Among quantitative analysis methods for ceramide, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was the most accurate. This review concludes that with our prilemenary experiment results it is feasible to apply the plant "extraction + purification" process of ceramide to sludge, but more optimization need to be performed to get better results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Zhu
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Bo Hu
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Boyuan Xue
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, Center for Sensor Technology of Environment and Health, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
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20
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Guo Z, Luo Z, Wu S, Yang C, Xiao T, Zhao Y. Optimization of Extraction and Separation Process of Notoginsenoside Fc from Panax notoginseng Leaves. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093915. [PMID: 37175326 PMCID: PMC10179949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of Notoginsenoside Fc (Fc) from panax notoginseng leaves. The experiment utilized a Box-Behnken design (BBD) and separation conditions were optimized. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time = 1.5 h, ethanol concentration = 86%, liquid-to-solid ratio = 19:1. The experimentally obtained values were in accordance with the values predicted by the RSM model. We determined that the RSM model was able to successfully simulate the optimal extraction of Fc from the leaves. Further, Fc was enriched from Panax notoginseng through nine macroporous resins, and HPD-100 macroporous resins were selected for preliminary enrichment of Fc due to its economic costs and benefits. Subsequently, octadecyl silane (ODS) column chromatography was used to improve the purity of Fc to over 90% after separation by ODS column chromatography. Fc with a purity greater than 95% can be obtained by recrystallization. This is the first study that has focused on the extraction and enrichment of Fc from Panax notoginseng leaves using macroporous resin combined with ODS column chromatography, which provides the possibility for further application of Fc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhonghua Luo
- China School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shao Wu
- China School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chunhong Yang
- China School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Department of Pharmaceutic Preparation of Chinese Medicine, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
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21
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Xie J, Huang W, Wu X. Effects of tea saponin on the foaming properties of pea protein. Food Funct 2023; 14:4339-4353. [PMID: 37083690 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00104k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant proteins are becoming increasingly important for foam formation as an alternative to animal proteins. Consumers, however, are unsatisfied with the foaming properties of pea protein isolates. Recent research on proteins and surfactants has primarily concentrated on chemically synthesized surfactants. In this study, foams were prepared by complexing pea protein isolates with a natural small molecule surfactant tea saponin. This study investigates the mechanisms responsible for the formation and stability of foams prepared from pea protein isolates (PPIs) complexed with tea saponins. Analyses of foaming performance were carried out by analyzing the morphology of foam, foaming properties, foam's rheological properties, and the microstructure of the pea protein-tea saponin complex system. Compared to the pea protein isolate alone, the pea protein-tea saponin complex significantly improved foaming capacity and foaming stability. As shown by light microscopy analysis, the size of the foam decreased and became more homogeneous, probably because of the altered aggregate state of the protein. In this study, natural surfactants and mixtures of plant proteins are studied in order to better understand their properties. The mixed system has excellent prospects for application in the industries related to foam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Xie
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Weijuan Huang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Research Center for Green Development of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xuehui Wu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Oil-Tea Camellia, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Kohli D, Champawat PS, Mudgal VD. Asparagus (Asparagus racemosus L.) roots: nutritional profile, medicinal profile, preservation, and value addition. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:2239-2250. [PMID: 36433663 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Asparagus (Asparagus racemosus L.) is one of the most significant traditional medicinal plants, containing phytochemicals that are non-nutritive but beneficial to health. It contains bioactive metabolites such as fructo-oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, asparosides, shatavarins, sapogenins, racemosols, isoflavones, glycosides, mucilage, and fatty acids, while saponin is one of the main active constituents of asparagus roots. Asparagus helps in fertility promotion, stress management, and hormone modulation. It also treats stomach ulcers, kidney disorders, and Alzheimer's disease. Substitution of asparagus powder or extract for value addition of food products (such as beverages, bakery, and milk) enhances the nutritional and functional properties. Currently, the plant is considered endangered in its natural habitat because of its destructive harvesting, habitat destruction, and deforestation. As it is a highly perishable commodity, it needs proper handling, preservation, and storage. This review will outline the medicinal properties, uses, value addition, and preservation techniques of asparagus roots. The study found that, till now, the only preservation techniques used to increase the shelf life of asparagus roots are drying and irradiation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Kohli
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Padam Singh Champawat
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Zhu M, Sun Y, Bai H, Wang Y, Yang B, Wang Q, Kuang H. Effects of saponins from Chinese herbal medicines on signal transduction pathways in cancer: A review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1159985. [PMID: 37063281 PMCID: PMC10090286 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1159985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer poses a serious threat to human health, and the search for safe and effective drugs for its treatment has aroused interest and become a long-term goal. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine (TCM), an ancient science with unique anti-cancer advantages, has achieved outstanding results in long-term clinical practice. Accumulating evidence shows that saponins are key bioactive components in TCM and have great research and development applications for their significant role in the treatment of cancer. Saponins are a class of glycosides comprising nonpolar triterpenes or sterols attached to hydrophilic oligosaccharide groups that exert antitumor effects by targeting the NF-κB, PI3Ks-Akt-mTOR, MAPK, Wnt-β-catenin, JAK-STAT3, APMK, p53, and EGFR signaling pathways. Presently, few advances have been made in physiological and pathological studies on the effect of saponins on signal transduction pathways involved in cancer treatment. This paper reviews the phytochemistry and extraction methods of saponins of TCM and their effects on signal transduction pathways in cancer. It aims to provide theoretical support for in-depth studies on the anticancer effects of saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Haodong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiuhong Wang, ; Haixue Kuang,
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Qiuhong Wang, ; Haixue Kuang,
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Application of Plant Surfactants as Cleaning Agents in Shampoo Formulations. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increased demand for sustainable, hypoallergenic products, plant surfactants are a promising, eco-friendly option for cleaning products due to their low toxicity or even the absence of toxicity. In the present study, surfactant-rich extracts from Chenopodium quinoa, Glycine max, and Malpighia emarginata were assessed for their stability, antioxidant capacity, toxic potential, and cleaning potential in shampoo formulations. The surfactants in the extracts were isolated and characterized by NMR, UV-Vis, and FTIR spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the extracts remained stable within the temperature and pH ranges tested. The antioxidant properties were also determined. In the analysis of irritation potential, G. max and C. quinoa exhibited low toxicity and no toxicity, respectively. The cleaning potential analysis confirmed that the extracts could be used as primary surfactants. Seven shampoo formulations were developed, which showed potential to reduce surface tension to the range of 27.1–31.7 mN/m and interfacial tension to the range of 5.4–7.3 mN/m. The wettability, percentage of solids, density, pH, and dirt dispersion of the formulas were within standard ranges, and the sebum removal capacity of the seven formulations was similar to or even better than that of a commercial shampoo.
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Abbas AH, Abd Alsaheb RA, Abdullah JK. Comparative study of natural chemical for enhanced oil recovery: Focus on extraction and adsorption at quartz sand surface. PETROLEUM 2023; 9:83-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.petlm.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Quantitative Analysis of Camellia oleifera Seed Saponins and Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction and Separation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052132. [PMID: 36903377 PMCID: PMC10004602 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, the technology used for the extraction and purification of Camellia oleifera saponins generally has the problems of high cost and low purity, and the quantitative detection of Camellia oleifera saponins also has the problems of low sensitivity and easy interference from impurities. To solve these problems, this paper aimed to use liquid chromatography for the quantitative detection of Camellia oleifera saponins, and to adjust and optimize the related conditions. In our study, the average recovery of Camellia oleifera saponins obtained was 100.42%. The RSD of precision test was 0.41%. The RSD of the repeatability test was 0.22%. The detection limit of the liquid chromatography was 0.06 mg/L, and the quantification limit was 0.2 mg/L. In order to improve the yield and purity, the Camellia oleifera saponins were extracted from Camellia oleifera Abel. seed meal by methanol extraction. Then, the extracted Camellia oleifera saponins were extracted with an ammonium sulfate/propanol aqueous two-phase system. We optimized the purification process of formaldehyde extraction and aqueous two-phase extraction. Under the optimal purification process, the purity of Camellia oleifera saponins extracted by methanol was 36.15%, and the yield was 25.24%. The purity of Camellia oleifera saponins obtained by aqueous two-phase extraction was 83.72%. Thus, this study can provide a reference standard for rapid and efficient detection and analysis of Camellia oleifera saponins for industrial extraction and purification.
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Interactions between DMPC Model Membranes, the Drug Naproxen, and the Saponin β-Aescin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020379. [PMID: 36839701 PMCID: PMC9960855 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the interplay among the phospholipid 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) as a model membrane, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug naproxen, and the saponin β-aescin are investigated. The naproxen amount was fixed to 10 mol%, and the saponin amount varies from 0.0 to 1.0 mol%. Both substances are common ingredients in pharmaceutics; therefore, it is important to obtain deeper knowledge of their impact on lipid membranes. The size and properties of the DMPC model membrane upon naproxen and aescin addition were characterized with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS, WAXS), and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) in a temperature-dependent study. The interaction of all substances was dependent on the lipid phase state, which itself depends on the lipid's main phase transition temperature Tm. The incorporation of naproxen and aescin distorted the lipid membrane structure and lowers Tm. Below Tm, the DMPC-naproxen-aescin mixtures showed a vesicle structure, and the insertion of naproxen and aescin influenced neither the lipid chain-chain correlation distance nor the membrane thickness. Above Tm, the insertion of both molecules instead induced the formation of correlated bilayers and a decrease in the chain-chain correlation distance. The presented data clearly confirm the interaction of naproxen and aescin with DMPC model membranes. Moreover, the incorporation of both additives into the model membranes is evidenced.
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Faria GM, Lemos APA, Anholeti MC, Paiva SR, Amorim LMF. The bioprospecting potential of Clusia fluminensis Planch. & Triana: a scoping review. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20211605. [PMID: 37132746 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320211605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many biological activities are described for the Clusiaceae family. Clusia fluminensis, a species from Brazilian flora, is mainly employed for ornamental purposes. This review aimed to depict the current knowledge of C. fluminensis from a bioprospecting standpoint. "Clusia fluminensis" search term was applied in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and Bireme databases according to PRISMA-ScR statement. Selected papers on Phytochemistry or Bioactivity followed hand searching procedures. Bioactivity preclinical studies considered in vitro or in vivo biological systems, treated with plant extracts or isolated compounds. The outcomes were compared with standard or no treatment control groups. Critical appraisal of individual trials considered completeness in the research fields. Our results showed that 81% of the selected papers presented high level of completeness, 69% revealed phytochemical parameters and 31% biological applications of plant extracts and isolated compounds. Polyisoprenylated benzophenones, terpenoids, sterols and phenolic compounds were identified. Antiviral, insecticidal and snake antivenom activities were reported. In conclusion, the phytochemical data reinforce the reported activities. Potential applications in personal care, nutritional supplementation and pharmaceutical, food, chemical or textile industries were also identified. Toxicological and phytochemical complementary studies may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle M Faria
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Rua Prof. Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis, Bloco M, 311, São Domingos, 24210-201 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Patricia A Lemos
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Rua Prof. Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis, Bloco M, 311, São Domingos, 24210-201 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria C Anholeti
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Farmácia e Administração Farmacêutica, Rua Dr. Mario Vianna, 523, Santa Rosa, 24241-001 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Selma R Paiva
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Rua Prof. Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis, Bloco M, 111, São Domingos, 24210-201 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Faculdade de Farmácia, Rua Dr. Mario Vianna, 523, Santa Rosa, 24241-001 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lidia M F Amorim
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Rua Prof. Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis, Bloco M, 311, São Domingos, 24210-201 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Qian CM, Zhang WT, Luo HX, Chen J. Application of response surface methodology to optimise the extraction of tea saponin from Camellia oleifera, and their verification by HPLC. INTERNATIONAL FOOD RESEARCH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.47836/ifrj.29.6.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Single factor combined with response surface methodology was used to optimise the process parameters of tea saponin extraction from Camellia oleifera. Four factors including material-liquid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time, and ethanol concentration were selected as the influencing factors on the basis of single factor. The extraction rate of tea saponin was used as the response factor to analyse the response of these four factors and three levels. Results showed that extraction temperature of 81.69°C, material-liquid ratio of 1:11.85 g/mL, time of 6.17 h, and ethanol concentration of 56.69% were the best extraction conditions. The estimated yield of extraction was 7.46%. Analysis of the tea saponin samples by using high performance liquid chromatography showed that the main peak time was 6.668 min, and the absorption peaks and peaks were symmetric.
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Phytochemical and Biological Characterization of the Fractions of the Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Parthenium hysterophorus. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9110359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the fractions of the aqueous (AE) and ethanolic (EE) crude extracts of Parthenium hysterophorus were evaluated for their phytochemical composition, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activity. The two extracts were subjected to a fractionation by vacuum liquid chromatography, obtaining seven fractions for each extract. These fractions were evaluated for the presence of phenolic compounds by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (RP-HPLC-MS) analysis. Their cytotoxic activity was tested with a hemolysis assay. The antioxidant activity was evaluated with the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and hydroxyl radical (–OH) scavenging assays. In addition, the effect of the fractions on the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), from human erythrocytes, was evaluated. The phytochemical screening by RP-HPLC-MS mainly showed the presence of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids. The hemolysis assay exhibited a low cytotoxic activity by the fractions of the AE, but the fractions of the EE exhibited a hemolytic effect. The fractions of the AE and EE showed significant antioxidant activity to inhibit radicals in the three radical scavenging assays. Moreover, only some fractions of the AE showed a significant increase in the activity of the SOD enzyme, while the activity of CAT exhibited a significant increase by the fractions of the two extracts. The fractions of the AE and EE of P. hysterophorus have phytochemicals with antioxidant activity to inhibit radicals and increase the activity of in vitro antioxidant enzymes.
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Agus BAP, Rajentran K, Selamat J, Lestari SD, Umar NB, Hussain N. Determination of 16 EPA PAHs in food using gas and liquid chromatography. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties of Extracts of Yucca Baccata, a Plant of Northwestern Mexico, against Pathogenic Bacteria. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9158836. [PMID: 36337841 PMCID: PMC9629963 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9158836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Bacterial agents and oxidative reactions are involved in health and food preservation issues, and Yucca baccata (Y. baccata) can be a source of compounds with practical applications in both areas, but its investigation remains limited. Materials and Methods Butanolic (YBE) and aqueous (YAE) extracts were obtained from the stem of Y. baccata. The total saponin, phenolic, and flavonoid contents were analyzed in the YBE and YAE. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was determined by the DPPH, TEAC, FRAP, and ORAC assays. Seven Gram-positive and five Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria strains were used to determine the MIC and MBC. Results Saponin contents were 30% and 1.81% (w/w) in the YBE and YAE, respectively. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the extracts were 29.5 μg GAEmg−1 (2.95%) and 5.58 μg GAEmg−1 (0.56%) in the YBE and 69.92 μg QEmg−1 (7.0%) and 1.65 μg QEmg−1 (0.165%) in the YAE. The antioxidant capacity values of YBE were 29.18 μg TEmg−1, 121.8 μg TEmg−1, 33.41 μg TEmg−1, and 156.84 μg TEmg−1 by the DPPH, TEAC, FRAP, and ORAC assays, respectively. YAE had lower antioxidant values than YBE (P < 0.05). Values of 80 mgmL−1 and 100 mgmL−1 were estimated for MIC and MBC of YBE against the Gram-positive bacteria. Values of 100 mgmL−1 and 120 mgmL−1 for MIC and MBC of YBE were estimated against the Gram-negative bacteria. No MIC and MBC were obtained for YAE. Conclusion YBE exhibited higher antioxidant activity than YAE. Apparently, antibacterial properties of the YBE tended to be higher than those of the YAE.
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Polyphenols, Saponins and Phytosterols in Lentils and Their Health Benefits: An Overview. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101225. [PMID: 36297337 PMCID: PMC9609092 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The lentil (Lens culinaris L.) is one of the most important legumes (family, Fabaceae). It is a natural functional food rich in many bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, saponins and phytosterols. Several studies have demonstrated that the consumption of lentils is potentially important in reducing the incidence of a number of chronic diseases, due to their bioactive compounds. The most common polyphenols in lentils include phenolic acids, flavan-3-ol, flavonols, anthocyanidins, proanthocyanidins or condensed tannins, and anthocyanins, which play an important role in the prevention of several degenerative diseases in humans, due to their antioxidant activity. Furthermore, lentil polyphenols are reported to have antidiabetic, cardioprotective and anticancer activities. Lentil saponins are triterpene glycosides, mainly soyasaponins I and βg. These saponins have a plasma cholesterol-lowering effect in humans and are important in reducing the risk of many chronic diseases. Moreover, high levels of phytosterols have been reported in lentils, especially in the seed coat, and β-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol are the most abundant. Beyond their hypocholesterolemic effect, phytosterols in lentils are known for their anti-inflammatory activity. In this review, the current information on the nutritional composition, bioactive compounds including polyphenols, saponins and phytosterols, and their associated health-promoting effects are discussed.
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Abd Elrahim Abd Elkader HT, Essawy AE, Al-Shami AS. Astragalus species: Phytochemistry, biological actions and molecular mechanisms underlying their potential neuroprotective effects on neurological diseases. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 202:113293. [PMID: 35780924 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses are prevalent and life-threatening disorders characterized by a wide range of clinical syndromes and comorbidities, all of which have complex origins and share common molecular pathomechanisms. Although the pathophysiology of neurological illnesses is not completely understood, researchers have discovered that several ion channels and signalling pathways may have played a role in disease pathogenesis. Active substances from Astragalus sp. are being employed for nutrition, and their usefulness in the treatment of neurological illnesses is receiving more attention. Because their extracts and active components exert different pharmacological effects on a variety of ailments, they have a long history of usage as a cure for various diseases. This review summarizes the research work on Astragalus and their biologically active constituents as potential candidates for the protection against and treatment of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders to show the potential efficacy of Astragalus sp. and its active ingredients in treating some neurological diseases. Simultaneously, the chemical structures of these active compounds, their sources, biological properties, and mechanisms are also listed. In ethnopharmacological applications, Astragalus membranaceus and spinosus have been studied as traditional medicines worldwide. The chemical constituents of Astragalus species mainly comprise terpenoids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. The extracts and phytochemical compounds of Astragalus species exhibit various pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antitumor, anticonvulsive, immunomodulatory, and other activities. Based on the current literature, we conclude that Astragalus is a promising dietary herb with multiple potential signal modulating applications that mainly include the modulation of neurotransmitters and receptors, anti-inflammatory activities, inhibition of amyloid aggregation, induction of myelin sheath repair and neurogenesis, as well as activation of the signalling pathways relevant to neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amina E Essawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Al-Shami
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Biotechnology Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Baky MH, Elsaid MB, Farag MA. Phytochemical and biological diversity of triterpenoid saponins from family Sapotaceae: A comprehensive review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 202:113345. [PMID: 35952770 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sapotaceae is a flowering plants family reported for its richness in triterpenoid saponins. Sapotaceae comprises a large number of fruit-producing plants of nutritional and medicinal value. Different species of family Sapotaceae received a considerable interest owing to their rich triterpenoid saponins content of a myriad pharmacological effects and health benefits. Several databases were searched for collecting papers for this review in the scope of phytochemistry, bioactivity and record of triterpenoid saponins from family Sapotacese such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus and Reaxys from 1990 till now. Triterpenoid saponins reported from Sapotaceae plants are mostly of protobassic acid, 16-α-hydroxyprotobassic acid, bayogenin, and oleanolic acid derivatives with both monodesmosidic and/or bidesmosidic attached sugar side chains. Besides, the most frequently attached sugar units are glucose, glucoronic acid, apiose, xylose, rhamnose, and arabinose. The reported health effects of Sapotaceae plants in folk medicine in relation to their bioactive saponins were also reviewed with special attention to anti-inflammatory, antiulcer activity, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxic, anti-hypercholesterolemic, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities. This review aims to present a holistic compile on the phytochemical and biological diversity of triterpenoid saponins reported from family Sapotaceae with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa H Baky
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa B Elsaid
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt
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Tang D, Shen Y, Li F, Yue R, Duan J, Ye Z, Lin Y, Zhou W, Yang Y, Chen L, Wang H, Zhao J, Li P. Integrating metabolite and transcriptome analysis revealed the different mechanisms of characteristic compound biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation in tea flowers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1016692. [PMID: 36247612 PMCID: PMC9557745 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1016692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The flowers of tea plants (Camellia sinensis), as well as tea leaves, contain abundant secondary metabolites and are big potential resources for the extraction of bioactive compounds or preparation of functional foods. However, little is known about the biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation mechanisms of those metabolites in tea flowers, such as terpenoid, flavonol, catechins, caffeine, and theanine. This study finely integrated target and nontarget metabolism analyses to explore the metabolic feature of developing tea flowers. Tea flowers accumulated more abundant terpenoid compounds than young leaves. The transcriptome data of developing flowers and leaves showed that a higher expression level of later genes of terpenoid biosynthesis pathway, such as Terpene synthases gene family, in tea flowers was the candidate reason of the more abundant terpenoid compounds than in tea leaves. Differently, even though flavonol and catechin profiling between tea flowers and leaves was similar, the gene family members of flavonoid biosynthesis were selectively expressed by tea flowers and tea leaves. Transcriptome and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the regulatory mechanism of flavonol biosynthesis was perhaps different between tea flowers and leaves. However, the regulatory mechanism of catechin biosynthesis was perhaps similar between tea flowers and leaves. This study not only provides a global vision of metabolism and transcriptome in tea flowers but also uncovered the different mechanisms of biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation of those important compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingkun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yihua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Fangdong Li
- College of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jianwei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhili Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yilin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lixiao Chen
- Municipal Research Institute for Processing of Agricultural and Featured Products, Shiyan Academy of Agricultural Science, Shiyan, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Penghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Saponins from Hedera helix L. and an In Vitro Biocompatibility Evaluation of the Extracts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101197. [PMID: 36297309 PMCID: PMC9609769 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish the best ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) conditions of saponins from Hedera helix L. leaves and to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of the extracts richest in saponins. Different parameters, such as extraction time, temperature, ultrasound power, solvent to plant material ratio, and solvent concentration, were investigated. The most efficient extraction conditions were a temperature of 50 °C, an ultrasound amplitude of 40%, an extraction time of 60 min, a plant material to solvent ratio of 1:20 (w:v), and 80% ethanol as solvent. In vitro cytotoxicity of the extracts richest in saponins and their influence on the DNA content of L929 (NCTC) fibroblasts were tested. Until 200 µg/mL, the studied extracts were cytocompatible with L929 fibroblast cell lines at 48 h of treatment. These in vitro cell culture results provide useful information for further applications of Hedera helix extracts in a pharmaceutical field.
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Han R, Wang M, Wang L, Zhang Y, Li X, Hou Y, Yan J, Pan X. GC/MS-Based Urine Metabolomics Study on the Ameliorative Effect of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Extract on Alzheimer's Disease in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:3390034. [PMID: 36164398 PMCID: PMC9509262 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3390034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cause of Alzheimer's disease, the most common type of dementia today, is still unclear, and in current research, there are no drugs that work relatively well. Therefore, the study for new drugs to treat Alzheimer's disease is an urgent research need. Research on the improvement of Alzheimer's disease with extracts of Xanthoceras sorbifolia has been increasing in recent years, but the mechanism is not fully understood. The experiments were conducted to validate the model and analyze the treatment effect through D-galactose and Aβ 25-35 induced dementia model mice, using the Morris water maze, to detect the learning behavior and brain tissue section to observe the hippocampal tissue structure of mice. We performed a nontargeted metabolomic analysis of the urine obtained from different groups of mice using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fourteen potential biomarkers were identified in the mice's urine, outlining five metabolic pathways of interest. It was shown that the extracts of Xanthoceras sorbifolia may exert protective effects on mice in dementia models through energy metabolism, neuroinflammation, and antioxidants. This study reveals the potential pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and the possible therapeutic mechanism of Xanthoceras sorbifolia, suggests relevant biomarkers, and provides an additional basis for the clinical application of Xanthoceras sorbifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Han
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Yichen Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Yijun Hou
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Jing Yan
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Xiaojing Pan
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730020, China
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Haerussana ANEM, Ayuhastuti A, Yuniar SF, Bustami HA, Widyastiwi W. Taro (Colosia esculenta) Leaves Extract Inhibits Streptococcus mutans ATCC 31987. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2022. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v5i3.3156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries was the most common disease in both adults and children. Streptococcus mutans is the main bacteria causing plaque formation and was the initiator of dental caries. Antibacterials derived from plants can be used to prevent plaque formation. Taro (Colosia esculenta) has been used in traditional medicine. Antibacterial compounds have been discovered in C. esculenta leaves. This study aimed to determine the ability of C. esculenta leaf ethanol extract to inhibit the growth of S. mutans ATCC 31987. Simplicia preparation, extract preparation, and phytochemical screening was carried out. Then, the antibacterial activity test was performed using the disc diffusion method to determine the zone of inhibition at various concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70%. Colosia esculenta leaf ethanol extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins, and produces an inhibition zone at each concentration variation. Very strong antibacterial activity was produced at a concentration of 70% at 21.11±0.46 mm, which was higher than the positive control.
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40
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Comparison between Quinoa and Quillaja saponins in the Formation, Stability and Digestibility of Astaxanthin-Canola Oil Emulsions. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids6030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Saponins from Quillaja saponaria and Chenopodium quinoa were evaluated as natural emulsifiers in the formation of astaxanthin enriched canola oil emulsions. The aim of this study was to define the processing conditions for developing emulsions and to evaluate their physical stability against environmental conditions: pH (2–10), temperature (20–50 °C), ionic strength (0–500 mM NaCl), and storage (35 days at 25 °C), as well as their performance in an in vitro digestion model. The emulsions were characterized, evaluating their mean particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions were effectively produced using 1% oil phase and 1% emulsifier (saponins). Emulsions were stable over a wide range of pH values (4–10), but exhibited particle aggregation at lower pH, salt conditions, and high temperatures. The emulsion stability index (ESI) remained above 80% after 35 days of storage. The results of our study suggest that saponins can be an effective alternative to synthetic emulsifiers.
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41
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Nafti K, Giacinti G, Marghali S, Raynaud CD. Screening for Astragalus hamosus Triterpenoid Saponins Using HPTLC Methods: Prior Identification of Azukisaponin Isomers. Molecules 2022; 27:5376. [PMID: 36080144 PMCID: PMC9457977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their particular structural characteristics, the extraction and isolation of saponins from plants present a serious challenge. In this study, specific extraction protocols were first implemented to extract the secondary metabolites from Astragalus hamosus and, more precisely, the saponins. Subsequent purification of the extracts was based on a single chromatographic technique, high-performance thin-layer chromatography, applying two development systems: a one-step system that separated molecules according to their polarity and a multiple development system that made it possible to detect the triterpenoid saponins, azukisaponin or soyasapogenol at a retarded Rf of 0.2. The difficulties of detecting the Astragalus hamosus saponins encountered during the extraction and purification of the extracts have been highlighted and the strategy carried out to isolate the saponins has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khouloud Nafti
- Laboratoire de Chimie Ago-Industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRAe, 4 Allée Emile Monso, 31030 Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Immunologie et Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Geraldine Giacinti
- Laboratoire de Chimie Ago-Industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRAe, 4 Allée Emile Monso, 31030 Toulouse, France
- Centre d’Application et de Traitement des Agro-Ressources (CATAR), Toulouse-INP, ENSIACET, 4 Allée Emile Monso, 31030 Toulouse, France
| | - Sonia Marghali
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Immunologie et Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Christine Delgado Raynaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Ago-Industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRAe, 4 Allée Emile Monso, 31030 Toulouse, France
- Centre d’Application et de Traitement des Agro-Ressources (CATAR), Toulouse-INP, ENSIACET, 4 Allée Emile Monso, 31030 Toulouse, France
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42
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An accurate, cost-effective and simple colorimetric method for the quantification of total triterpenoid and steroidal saponins from plant materials. Food Chem 2022; 383:132597. [PMID: 35413758 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Saponins are heterosides widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Their properties are used in many industrial sectors, such as food, cosmetics, agriculture, and pharmaceuticals, and their use is increasing due to the market trend to use natural ingredients. Although many techniques exist to quantify saponins (e.g., gravimetric, foaming, spectrophotometric or chromatographic), none of these allow simultaneous accurate, rapid and inexpensive analysis of both triterpenoid and steroidal saponins. A new colorimetric method constituted of p-anisaldehyde and sulfuric acid was developed and avoids all of the above disadvantages. Parameters used in this method allow a similar molar absorptivity for steroidal and triterpenoid saponins with high specificity in complex matrices reducing the sample preparation step and allowing quantification of saponins blends.
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43
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Yang X, Liu T, Qi S, Gu H, Li J, Yang L. Tea saponin additive to extract eleutheroside B and E from Eleutherococcus senticosus by ultrasonic mediation and its application in a semi-pilot scale. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 86:106039. [PMID: 35598514 PMCID: PMC9127216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The safety of ethanol in operations and its effects on human health are gradually being questioned. Under this premise, we attempted to use the natural surfactant tea saponin, which originates from the processing residues of camellia oil, as the additive of the extraction solvent and to extract eleutheroside B and eleutheroside E in the roots and rhizomes of E. senticosus by ultrasonic mediation. After a single-factor experiment, extraction kinetics at different powers and reaction temperatures, and Box-Behnken design optimization, the optimal conditions obtained were 0.3% tea saponin solution as the extraction solvent, 20 mL/g liquid-solid ratio, 250 W ultrasonic irradiation power (43.4 mW/g ultrasonic power density) and 40 min ultrasonic irradiation time. Under optimal conditions, satisfactory yields of eleutheroside B (1.06 ± 0.04 mg/g) and eleutheroside E (2.65 ± 0.12 mg/g) were obtained with semi pilot scale ultrasonic extraction equipment. The experiments showed that compared with the traditional thermal extraction process, the extraction time is significantly reduced at lower operating temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Shuwen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Huiyan Gu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Jialei Li
- Food Processing Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Harbin 150040, China.
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44
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Wang Y, Tuccillo F, Lampi AM, Knaapila A, Pulkkinen M, Kariluoto S, Coda R, Edelmann M, Jouppila K, Sandell M, Piironen V, Katina K. Flavor challenges in extruded plant-based meat alternatives: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2898-2929. [PMID: 35470959 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Demand for plant-based meat alternatives has increased in recent years due to concerns about health, ethics, the environment, and animal welfare. Nevertheless, the market share of plant-based meat alternatives must increase significantly if they are to support sustainable food production and consumption. Flavor is an important limiting factor of the acceptability and marketability of plant-based meat alternatives. Undesirable chemosensory perceptions, such as a beany flavor, bitter taste, and astringency, are often associated with plant proteins and products that use them. This study reviewed 276 articles to answer the following five research questions: (1) What are the volatile and nonvolatile compounds responsible for off-flavors? (2) What are the mechanisms by which these flavor compounds are generated? (3) What is the influence of thermal extrusion cooking (the primary structuring technique to transform plant proteins into fibrous products that resemble meat in texture) on the flavor characteristics of plant proteins? (4) What techniques are used in measuring the flavor properties of plant-based proteins and products? (5) What strategies can be used to reduce off-flavors and improve the sensory appeal of plant-based meat alternatives? This article comprehensively discusses, for the first time, the flavor issues of plant-based meat alternatives and the technologies available to improve flavor and, ultimately, acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fabio Tuccillo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Maija Lampi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Knaapila
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo Pulkkinen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna Kariluoto
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rossana Coda
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minnamari Edelmann
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Jouppila
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Sandell
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Vieno Piironen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Katina
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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45
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Wang W, Jin J, Xu H, Shi Y, Boersch M, Yin Y. Comparative analysis of the main medicinal substances and applications of Echium vulgare L. and Echium plantagineum L.: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114894. [PMID: 34871767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Echium vulgare L. and Echium plantagineum L. originated in the Mediterranean, and were later domesticated in Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania, where they were widely used to treat many diseases including cough, urinary tract infection, fever, inflammation and muscle strain. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this review is to provide scientific literature on the traditional uses, bioactive chemical components and pharmacological activities of two species of Echium, and to critically analyze the information provided, so as to understand the current work on these two species and explore the possible prospect of this plant in pharmaceutical research. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to Prisma guidelines, and the related literatures searched on Google Academic, Science Direct, Baidu Scholars and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) up to June 2021 were reviewed. The key words used are: Echium, E.vulgare, E.plantagineum, plant components, chemical components, pharmacological activities, pharmaceutical products and applications. Thereafter all eligible studies are analyzed and summarized in this review. The selection of manuscripts is based on the following inclusion criteria: the article has years of research or publication, is published in English, Portuguese or Spanish and Chinese, and there are keywords in the title, abstract, keywords or full text of the article. For the selection of manuscripts, first, select articles according to titles, then summarize them, and finally, analyze the full text of the publication. Elimination criteria: 1. Duplicate reports; 2. There are research design defects and poor quality; 3. Incomplete data and unclear ending effect; 4. The statistical method is wrong and cannot be corrected. RESULTS The pharmacological characteristics of E.vulgare and E.plantagineum can basically support their traditional use, but the medicinal substances contained in them are quite different in composition and content, and the development and application of corresponding products are also different. CONCLUSIONS At present, there is little clinical data about drugs related to the two species, and more research is needed in the future, especially human experiments and clinical trials, to evaluate the cellular and molecular mechanisms based on pharmacological, biological activity and safety studies, and to provide more powerful scientific basis for their traditional medicinal properties. In addition, the further application and development of the medicinal products of E.vulgare and E.plantagineum still need to be precise and identified, so as to give full play to their medicinal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Wang
- Agricultural College of Jilin Agricultural University, No.2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130118, China.
| | - Ju Jin
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, 4222, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Huifeng Xu
- Agricultural College of Jilin Agricultural University, No.2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130118, China.
| | - Yanling Shi
- Agricultural College of Jilin Agricultural University, No.2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130118, China.
| | - Mark Boersch
- Gold Coast Private Hospital, 15 Hill Street, Southport, Queensland, 4215, Australia.
| | - Yuhe Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun University of Technology, No.7186 Weixing Road, Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130022, China.
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Extraction and Quantification of Saponins in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Genotypes from Colombia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2022; 2022:7287487. [PMID: 35265708 PMCID: PMC8901361 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7287487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Quinoa has a high nutraceutical potential because of the presence of secondary metabolites called saponins, which have industrial and medicinal uses and protect against attacks by pathogens. These compounds are found especially in the seed coat and give the grain a bitter taste; therefore, they must be eliminated before consumption. Despite the potential use in Colombia, there are few studies aimed at quantifying this metabolite. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate two extraction methodologies (physical and chemical) and two methods for quantifying saponins in five quinoa genotypes grown in Colombia. The most efficient extraction method was the physical method. The saponin contents of the five genotypes were variable. The cluster analysis differentiated the genotypes into two groups: low saponin content (<4.49 mg/g seed) and high saponin content (>14.76 mg/g seeds). Blanca de Jericó had the lowest saponin content (<0.40%), and Amarilla de Maranganí had the highest content (>0.18%). Identifying more efficient methodologies for extracting and quantifying saponins will allow a better characterization of the germplasm and selection of genotypes with desirable characteristics for both consumption and industrial use.
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47
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Comparative Transcriptome and Phytochemical Analysis Provides Insight into Triterpene Saponin Biosynthesis in Seeds and Flowers of the Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis). Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030204. [PMID: 35323647 PMCID: PMC8949954 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpene saponins exhibit various biological and pharmacological activities. However, the knowledge on saponin biosynthesis in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) is still limited. In this work, tea flower and seed samples at different developmental stages and leaves were collected and analyzed with UPLC-PDA-MS and RNA sequencing for saponin determination and transcriptome comparison. The saponin content reached around 19% in the freshly mature seeds and 7% in the green flower buds, and decreased with the fruit ripeness and flower blooming. Almost no saponins were detected in leaf samples. PCA and KEGG analysis suggested that the gene expression pattern and secondary metabolism in TF1 and TS2 vs. leaf samples were significantly different. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) uncovered two modules related to saponin content. The mevalonate (MVA) instead of 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phospate (MEP) pathway was responsible for saponin accumulation in tea plants, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGS), diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase (MVD) and isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI) may be the key enzymes involved in saponin biosynthesis in tea seeds and flowers. Moreover, ten transcription factors (TFs) were predicted to regulate saponin biosynthesis in the tea plant. Taken together, our study provides a global insight into the saponin biosynthesis and accumulation in the tea plant.
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48
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Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Baccharis linearis and Echinopsis chiloensis with Antifungal Activity against Botrytis cinerea. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020197. [PMID: 35205951 PMCID: PMC8878204 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is one of the most important phytopathogens in agriculture worldwide, infecting economically important crops. The main control of this fungus is by synthetic fungicides, causing the selection of resistant isolates. Compounds produced by endophytic fungi have been shown to have antifungal activity against this pathogen and can be used as an alternative to synthetic fungicides. The aim of this work was to isolate endophytic fungi from Chilean foothills in the Metropolitan Region. Ten fungi were isolated from Echinopsis chiloensis and Baccharis linearis, however, only two isolates inhibited the mycelial growth of B. cinerea by antibiosis and were identified as Epicoccum sp. and Pleosporales sp. Extracts at 200 mg L−1 from Epicoccum sp. and Pleosporales sp. showed antifungal activity against B. cinerea of 54.6 and 44.6% respectively. Active compounds in the Epicoccum sp. extracts were mainly alkaloids and phenolic compounds; meanwhile, in the Pleosporales sp. extracts, terpenes and/or saponins were responsible for the antifungal activity.
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49
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Chen J, Zhang Y, Guan X, Cao H, Li L, Yu J, Liu H. Characterization of Saponins from Differently Colored Quinoa Cultivars and Their In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion and Fermentation Properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1810-1818. [PMID: 35119265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa contains rich saponins, which are removed during processing and cause ecological waste. We extracted saponins from quinoa (SEQ) in black, white, and red cultivars and compared their composition by spectrophotometric assay and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis combined with acid hydrolysis. The digestion and fermentation properties of SEQ were investigated using an in vitro model. Our results showed that acid hydrolysis released sapogenins, mainly phytolaccagenin (PA), hederagenin (HD), and oleanolic acid from SEQ. Varying from SEQ in red, SEQ in black and white had a similar composition and content of sapogenins. Gastrointestinal digestion did not release sapogenins from SEQ but reduced the antioxidant activity of SEQ. Gut microbiota from human feces released PA and HD from SEQ. Reciprocally, SEQ in black significantly increased the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., while reducing the growth of Shigella spp. The present study provides guidance for further investigation about the bioactivities of saponins from quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junda Chen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hongwei Cao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hanlin Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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Deng M, Chen H, Xie L, Liu K, Zhang X, Li X. Tea saponins as natural emulsifiers and cryoprotectants to prepare silymarin nanoemulsion. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.113042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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