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Green S, Fanning E, Sim J, Eyres GT, Frew R, Kebede B. The Potential of NIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics to Discriminate Roast Degrees and Predict Volatiles in Coffee. Molecules 2024; 29:318. [PMID: 38257231 PMCID: PMC10820711 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish a rapid and practical method for monitoring and predicting volatile compounds during coffee roasting using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics. Washed Arabica coffee beans from Ethiopia and Congo were roasted to industry-validated light, medium, and dark degrees. Concurrent analysis of the samples was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and NIR spectroscopy, generating datasets for partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis. The results showed that NIR spectroscopy successfully differentiated the differently roasted samples, similar to the discrimination achieved by GC-MS. This finding highlights the potential of NIR spectroscopy as a rapid tool for monitoring and standardizing the degree of coffee roasting in the industry. A PLS regression model was developed using Ethiopian samples to explore the feasibility of NIR spectroscopy to indirectly measure the volatiles that are important in classifying the roast degree. For PLSR, the data underwent autoscaling as a preprocessing step, and the optimal number of latent variables (LVs) was determined through cross-validation, utilizing the root mean squared error (RMSE). The model was further validated using Congo samples and successfully predicted (with R2 values > 0.75 and low error) over 20 volatile compounds, including furans, ketones, phenols, and pyridines. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of NIR spectroscopy as a practical and rapid method to complement current techniques for monitoring and predicting volatile compounds during the coffee roasting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Green
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (S.G.); (E.F.); (J.S.); (G.T.E.)
| | - Emily Fanning
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (S.G.); (E.F.); (J.S.); (G.T.E.)
| | - Joy Sim
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (S.G.); (E.F.); (J.S.); (G.T.E.)
| | - Graham T. Eyres
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (S.G.); (E.F.); (J.S.); (G.T.E.)
| | - Russell Frew
- Oritain Global Limited, 167 High Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Biniam Kebede
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (S.G.); (E.F.); (J.S.); (G.T.E.)
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Valduga AT, Gonçalves IL, Saorin Puton BM, de Lima Hennig B, Sousa de Brito E. Anthraquinone as emerging contaminant: technological, toxicological, regulatory and analytical aspects. Toxicol Res 2024; 40:11-21. [PMID: 38223676 PMCID: PMC10786786 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthraquinone (anthracene-9,10-dione) is a multifaceted chemical used in the paper industry, in the production of synthetic dyes, in crop protection against birds and is released from fossil fuels. Additionally, the anthraquinone scaffold, when substituted with sugars and hydroxyl groups is found in plants as metabolites. Because of these multiple applications, it is produced on a large scale worldwide. However, its toxicological aspects have gained interest, due to the low limits in the foods defined by legislation. Worrying levels of anthracene-9,10-dione have been detected in wastewater, atmospheric air, soil, food packaging and more recently, in actual foodstuffs. Recent investigations aiming to identify the anthracene-9,10-dione contamination sources in teas highlighted the packaging, leaves processing, anthracene metabolism, reactions between tea constituents and deposition from the environment. In this context, this review seeks to highlight the uses, sources, biological effects, analytical and regulatory aspects of anthracene-9,10-dione. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Teresa Valduga
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões-Erechim, Avenida Sete de Setembro, Erechim, RS 1621 Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Engineerng, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões-Erechim, Avenida Sete de Setembro, Erechim, RS 1621 Brazil
| | - Itamar Luís Gonçalves
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões-Erechim, Avenida Sete de Setembro, Erechim, RS 1621 Brazil
| | - Bruna Maria Saorin Puton
- Graduate Program in Food Engineerng, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões-Erechim, Avenida Sete de Setembro, Erechim, RS 1621 Brazil
| | - Bruna de Lima Hennig
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões-Erechim, Avenida Sete de Setembro, Erechim, RS 1621 Brazil
| | - Edy Sousa de Brito
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita 2270, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
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Wu T, Zhu W, Chen L, Jiang T, Dong Y, Wang L, Tong X, Zhou H, Yu X, Peng Y, Wang L, Xiao Y, Zhong T. A review of natural plant extracts in beverages: Extraction process, nutritional function, and safety evaluation. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113185. [PMID: 37689936 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The demand for foods and beverages with therapeutic and functional features has increased as a result of rising consumer awareness of health and wellness. In natural, plants are abundant, widespread, and inexpensive, in addition to being rich in bioactive components that are beneficial to health. The bioactive substances contained in plants include polyphenols, polysaccharides, flavonoids, aromatics, aliphatics, terpenoids, etc., which have rich active functions and application potential for plant-based beverages. In this review, various existing extraction processes and their advantages and disadvantages are introduced. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, intestinal flora regulation, metabolism regulation, and nerve protection effects of plant beverages are described. The biotoxicity and sensory properties of plant-based beverages are also summarized. With the diversification of the food industry and commerce, plant-based beverages may become a promising new category of health functional foods in our daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Wanying Zhu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Linyan Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Tao Jiang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Yuhe Dong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Letao Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Xinyang Tong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Ye Peng
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Ling Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Ying Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao
| | - Tian Zhong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao.
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Miranda AR, Cortez MV, Scotta AV, Soria EA. Caffeinated non-alcoholic beverages on the postpartum mental health related to the COVID-19 pandemic by a cross-sectional study in Argentina. HUMAN NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2023; 33:200198. [PMID: 38620109 PMCID: PMC10250059 DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Purpose This work aimed to study postpartum mental outcomes and determinants of the intake of caffeinated beverages during the pandemic in women from Argentina. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 619 women who responded to online self-report questionnaires during the first and second waves of COVID-19, including validated instruments (Insomnia Severity Index, Perceived Stress Scale, Postpartum Depression Screening Scale, Memory Complaint Scale, and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale), and general data. Intake frequency and amount of caffeinated beverages were estimated. Multivariate regression and structural equation models identified associations and effects (p < 0.05). Results Women were under social restrictions for 60.39 days, with home and essential activities increasing caffeinated intake. They ingested (mL/d): yerba mate (1457.71), coffee (66.85), tea (67.61), and soft drinks (50.95), which provided 646.20 mg/d of caffeine. Intakes of coffee and yerba mate were higher than pre-pandemic ones. Coffee was positively associated with stress and insomnia, and indirectly linked to higher levels of depression and memory complaints, and lower breastfeeding self-efficacy. Tea showed a similar but weaker association. Yerba mate correlated inversely with depression (through direct pathways), insomnia, and memory complaints (through indirect pathways), promoting breastfeeding self-efficacy. Soft drinks and caffeine did not present significant associations. Conclusion Although findings do not imply causation, results suggest that beverages would exhibit caffeine-independent affective and cognitive roles, which might be anxiogenic in the case of coffee and tea (to a lesser extent). Yerba mate showed antidepressant potential. Given that breastfeeding might be compromised during the pandemic, yerba mate intake is promissory to protect postpartum mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Ramiro Miranda
- Montpellier Interdisciplinary Center on Sustainable Agri-food Systems (MoISA), University of Montpellier, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, 911 Avenue d'Agropolis, Cedex 5, 34394, Montpellier, France
| | - Mariela Valentina Cortez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Bv. de la Reforma, Ciudad Universitaria, 5014, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, INICSA, Bv. de la Reforma, Ciudad Universitaria, 5014, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Veronica Scotta
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Bv. de la Reforma, Ciudad Universitaria, 5014, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, INICSA, Bv. de la Reforma, Ciudad Universitaria, 5014, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Elio Andrés Soria
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Bv. de la Reforma, Ciudad Universitaria, 5014, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, INICSA, Bv. de la Reforma, Ciudad Universitaria, 5014, Córdoba, Argentina
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Maleš I, Dobrinčić A, Zorić Z, Vladimir-Knežević S, Elez Garofulić I, Repajić M, Skroza D, Jerković I, Dragović-Uzelac V. Phenolic, Headspace and Sensory Profile, and Antioxidant Capacity of Fruit Juice Enriched with Salvia officinalis L. and Thymus serpyllum L. Extract: A Potential for a Novel Herbal-Based Functional Beverages. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093656. [PMID: 37175066 PMCID: PMC10180401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since certain constituents are not naturally present in pure fruit juices, incorporating herbal extracts can provide specific sensory properties to the beverages and improve their biopotential. In our previous research, it was found that sage (Salvia officinalis L.), wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.), and combinations of their extracts had the highest total phenolic content and a unique composition of volatile compounds, which can contribute to the aromatic and antioxidant qualities of functional products. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the potential of sage and wild thyme extracts, as well as their mixture (wild thyme:sage at 3:1, v/v), to enrich fruit juices (apple, pineapple, and orange). Obtained beverages were evaluated for sensory properties as well as phenolic and headspace composition (UPLC-MS/MS and HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis) and antioxidant capacity (ORAC assay). The incorporation of wild thyme extract in pineapple juice provided the most harmonious flavor and the highest content of volatile compounds (on PDMS/DVB fiber). The orange juice formulations were the most enriched with phenolic and volatile compounds (on DVB/CAR/PDMS fibers). The highest antioxidant capacity was observed in the formulation with orange juice and sage extract (22,925.39 ± 358.43 µM TE). This study demonstrated that enriching fruit juices with sage and wild thyme extracts could create functional beverages with improved sensory and health-promoting properties, providing valuable insights for the food and beverage industry to meet the growing demand of health-conscious consumers for natural and functional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Maleš
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Dobrinčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Zorić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanda Vladimir-Knežević
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivona Elez Garofulić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Repajić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijela Skroza
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Igor Jerković
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Verica Dragović-Uzelac
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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6
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Maleš I, Pedisić S, Zorić Z, Elez-Garofulić I, Repajić M, You L, Vladimir-Knežević S, Butorac D, Dragović-Uzelac V. The medicinal and aromatic plants as ingredients in functional beverage production. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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7
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Masson W, Barbagelata L, Lobo M, Nogueira JP, Corral P, Lavalle-Cobo A. Effect of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on Lipid Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 77:353-366. [PMID: 35829819 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-00991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have evaluated the lipid-lowering properties of yerba mate, although the results were conflicting. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effect of yerba mate consumption on lipid levels. A literature search was performed to detect observational and experimental studies that evaluated the association between yerba mate consumption and lipid levels. A quantitative analysis was performed with the subgroup of experimental studies. A meta-regression was performed considering the difference in baseline lipid values between the intervention and control groups as a covariate. Thirteen studies were considered eligible for this systematic review and seven studies (378 patients) were selected for quantitative analysis. In the qualitative analysis, the results were conflicting, both in the observational and in the experimental studies. In quantitative analysis, we found no differences in total cholesterol [mean difference 6.4 (CI 95% -2.2 to 15.0)], LDL-C [mean difference 5.5 (CI 95% - 1.5 to 12.6)], HDL-C [mean difference 0.4 (CI 95% -2.8 to 3.7)] and triglycerides [mean difference 5.7 (CI 95% 0.0 to 11.4)] levels when comparing the yerba mate and control groups. According to meta-regression, differences between baseline levels could influence the findings on total cholesterol and LDL-C but not on HDL-C or triglycerides. In conclusion, this research showed that yerba mate consumption was not associated with a significant change in lipid levels. Since the results are based on small inconclusive studies, more research is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Masson
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Perón 4190, C1199ABB, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Leandro Barbagelata
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Perón 4190, C1199ABB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Lobo
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Militar Campo de Mayo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan P Nogueira
- Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología, Nutrición y Metabolismo (CIENM), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Formosa, Formosa, Argentina
| | - Pablo Corral
- Facultad Medicina, Universidad FASTA, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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El-Borai NB, Elkhadrawey BA, AbuBakr HO, Anis A, El-Bialy BE, Elsabbagh HS, Abou-Zeid SM. Sesamol protects against aluminum oxide nanoparticles-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and DNA damage. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1914-1924. [PMID: 35403826 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2 O3 -NPs) are exceedingly used in various industrial and commercial applications, providing growing concerns about their potential adverse impacts on animals and human health. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the potential protective effect of sesamol (SML) against the induced hepatorenal toxicity of Al2 O3 -NPs. Forty male rats were randomly assigned into four groups and treated orally for 28 consecutive days. Control group received distilled water. SML group received SML (100 mg/kg bw). Al2 O3 -NPs group received Al2 O3 -NPs (100 mg/kg bw). SML + Al2 O3 -NPs group received SML 2 h prior to Al2 O3 -NPs. The results revealed that Al2 O3 -NPs significantly increased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and serum urea and creatinine levels. Moreover, Al2 O3 -NPs induced a significant elevation in malondialdehyde level with significant reduction in reduced glutathione content and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, together with a marked increase of 8-hydroxy-2-desoxyguanosine level in the hepatic and renal tissues. Also, up-regulations of glutathione-S-transferase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and caspase-3 mRNA gene expressions were recorded in the liver and kidneys. Additionally, Al2 O3 -NPs induced multifocal areas of necrosis in hepatic parenchyma with glomerular mesangial cell proliferation and glomerular sclerosis in kidney tissues. Conversely, concomitant treatment with sesamol mitigated Al2 O3 -induced hepatorenal toxicity evidenced by improvement of liver and kidney functions that correlated with regulation of oxidant/antioxidant status, inflammatory, and apoptotic biomarkers and reduction of DNA and tissues damages. In conclusion, sesamol could exert a promising protective role against hepatorenal toxicity of Al2 O3 -NPs, possibly via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen B El-Borai
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Basma A Elkhadrawey
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Huda O AbuBakr
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Anis Anis
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Badr E El-Bialy
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Hesham S Elsabbagh
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Shimaa M Abou-Zeid
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
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Recent advances in Kombucha tea: Microbial consortium, chemical parameters, health implications and biocellulose production. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 377:109783. [PMID: 35728418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present review the latest research studies on Kombucha tea are summarized. Special attention has been paid on microbial population, chemical parameters, biocellulose production, and mainly, on the latest evidences of the biological activities of Kombucha tea. Kombucha tea is a fermented sweetened black or green tea which is obtained from a fermentative process driven by a symbiotic culture of yeast, acetic acid bacteria and lactic acid bacteria. In the last years, its consumption has increasingly grown due to its multiple and potential benefits on human health. This fact has motivated a significant increase in the number of research studies that are focused on the biological activities of this beverage. In this context, this review gathers the main studies that have analyzed the different properties of Kombucha tea (as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antitumoral, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolemic, and probiotic activities). It is highlighted that nowadays few human-based evidences are available to prove the beneficial effect of Kombucha tea on humans' health. In conclusion, further work on Kombucha tea is needed since nowadays few information is available on both clinical studies and the characterization of bioactive compounds and their properties.
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10
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Zhu W, Wu F, Hu J, Wang W, Zhang J, Guo G. Structural Investigation of the Interaction Mechanism between Chlorogenic Acid and AMPA Receptor via In Silico Approaches. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113394. [PMID: 35684330 PMCID: PMC9182211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA), an important metabolite in natural plant medicines such as honeysuckle and eucommia, has been shown to have potent antinociceptive effects. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which CGA relieves chronic pain remains unclear. α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isooxazolpropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) is a major ionotropic glutamate receptor that mediates rapid excitatory synaptic transmission and its glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1 (GluA1) plays a key role in nociceptive transmission. In this study, we used Western blot, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay, and the molecular simulation technologies to investigate the mechanism of interaction between CGA and AMPAR to relieve chronic pain. Our results indicate that the protein expression level of GluA1 showed a dependent decrease as the concentration of CGA increased (0, 50, 100, and 200 μM). The SPR assay demonstrates that CGA can directly bind to GluA1 (KD = 496 μM). Furthermore, CGA forms a stable binding interaction with GluA1, which is validated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The binding free energy between CGA and GluA1 is -39.803 ± 14.772 kJ/mol, where van der Waals interaction and electrostatic interaction are the major contributors to the GluA1-CGA binding, and the key residues are identified (Val-32, Glu-33, Ala-36, Glu-37, Leu-48), which play a crucial role in the binding interaction. This study first reveals the structural basis of the stable interaction between CGA and GluA1 to form a binding complex for the relief of chronic pain. The research provides the structural basis to understand the treatment of chronic pain and is valuable to the design of novel drug molecules in the future.
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11
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Pallarés N, Tolosa J, Ferrer E, Berrada H. Mycotoxins in raw materials, beverages and supplements of botanicals: A review of occurrence, risk assessment and analytical methodologies. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 165:113013. [PMID: 35523385 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Over recent years, consumer interest in natural products, such as botanicals has increased considerably. One of the factors affecting their quality is the presence of mycotoxins. This review focuses on exploring the mycotoxin occurrence in botanicals (raw material and ready-to-eat forms such as infusions or tablets) and the risk assessment due to their ingestion. Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A, and Fumonisins are the most commonly studied mycotoxins and data in the literature report levels ranging from traces to 1000 μg/kg in raw materials. In general, the highest contents observed in raw materials decreased to unconcerning levels after the preparation of the infusions, reaching values that generally do not exceed 100 μg/L. Regarding botanical dietary supplements, the levels observed were lower than those reported for other matrices, although higher levels (of up to 1000 μg/kg) have been reported in some cases. Risk assessment studies in botanicals revealed a higher risk when they are consumed as tablets compared to infusions. Analytical methodologies implied in mycotoxin determination have also been contemplated. In this sense, liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection has been the most frequently employed analytical technique, although in recent years tandem mass spectrometry has been widely used.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pallarés
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Tolosa
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - E Ferrer
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
| | - H Berrada
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
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12
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Wu H, Lu P, Liu Z, Sharifi‐Rad J, Suleria HAR. Impact of roasting on the phenolic and volatile compounds in coffee beans. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:2408-2425. [PMID: 35844912 PMCID: PMC9281936 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds present in coffee beans could generate flavor and bring benefits to health. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of commercial roasting levels (light, medium, and dark) on phenolic content and antioxidant potential of Arabica coffee beans (Coffea arabica) comprehensively via antioxidant assays. The phenolic compounds in roasted samples were characterized via liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS). Furthermore, the coffee volatile compounds were identified and semi‐quantified by headspace/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS). Generally, for phenolic and antioxidant potential estimation, light roasted samples exhibited the highest TPC (free: 23.97 ± 0.60 mg GAE/g; bound: 19.32 ± 1.29 mg GAE/g), DPPH, and FRAP. The medium roasted beans performed the second high in all assays but the highest ABTS+ radicals scavenging capacity (free: 102.37 ± 8.10 mg TE/g; bound: 69.51 ± 4.20 mg TE/g). Totally, 23 phenolic compounds were tentatively characterized through LC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS, which is mainly adopted by 15 phenolic acid and 5 other polyphenols. The majority of phenolic compounds were detected in the medium roasted samples, followed by the light. Regarding GC‐MS, a total of 20 volatile compounds were identified and semi‐quantified which exhibited the highest in the dark followed by the medium. Overall, this study confirmed that phenolic compounds in coffee beans would be reduced with intensive roasting, whereas their antioxidant capacity could be maintained or improved. Commercial medium roasted coffee beans exhibit relatively better nutritional value and organoleptic properties. Our results could narrow down previous conflicts and be practical evidence for coffee manufacturing in food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjing Wu
- School of Agriculture and Food Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Peiyao Lu
- School of Agriculture and Food Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Ziyao Liu
- School of Agriculture and Food Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | | | - Hafiz A. R. Suleria
- School of Agriculture and Food Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
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Wu H, Gu J, BK A, Nawaz MA, Barrow CJ, Dunshea FR, Suleria HA. Effect of processing on bioaccessibility and bioavailability of bioactive compounds in coffee beans. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Magri E, Barbosa JZ, Corrêa RS, Auler AC, Valduga AT, Motta ACV. Linking edaphoclimatic conditions with elementary composition of yerba mate leaves in South America. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Székelyhidi R, Lakatos E, Sik B, Nagy Á, Varga L, Molnár Z, Kapcsándi V. The beneficial effect of peppermint ( Mentha X Piperita L.) and lemongrass ( Melissa officinalis L.) dosage on total antioxidant and polyphenol content during alcoholic fermentation. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100226. [PMID: 35499003 PMCID: PMC9039928 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Our research aimed to create an herbal fermented alcoholic beverage with high antioxidant and polyphenol content. In this study, continuous sampling was performed throughout the fermentation period, and the changes in total antioxidant (TA) and total polyphenol (TP) contents were determined. After processing the raw material, the prepared herbs were added in 0.5 and 1.0 v/v% concentrations to the samples. The TP content of the control sample was between 1.17 and 1.57 mg/g, and the TA content was 2.12 and 2.54 mg/g during the fermentation process. The lemongrass dosage increased 77.86 % the antioxidant and 70.98 % the polyphenol content by the end of the fermentation process. In the best case, the peppermint dosage increased 72.80 % of the antioxidant content and 72.05 % of the polyphenol content. Overall, fermentation combined with herbs dosage could increase the bioavailability of products made from its polyphenol and antioxidant contents and can be used to develop novel functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Székelyhidi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Széchenyi István University, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Erika Lakatos
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Széchenyi István University, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Sik
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Széchenyi István University, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Nagy
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Széchenyi István University, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Laura Varga
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Széchenyi István University, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Molnár
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Széchenyi István University, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Viktória Kapcsándi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Széchenyi István University, Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
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Ulbrich NCM, do Prado LL, Barbosa JZ, Araujo EM, Poggere G, Motta ACV, Prior SA, Magri E, Young SD, Broadley MR. Multi-elemental Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Commercial Yerba Mate from Brazil. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1455-1463. [PMID: 33929693 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of yerba mate occurs mostly in the form of hot infusion (chimarrão). Water solubility of elements found in commercialized yerba mate is needed to establish nutritional value and risks associated with potentially toxic elements. In this study, yerba mate products marketed in three Brazilian states (Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul) for chimarrão were analyzed. Total (dry product) and hot water-soluble concentrations of Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Se, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Total concentrations of the ten top elements followed the order of K>Ca>Mg>Mn>P>S>Al>Fe>Ba>Zn. The most soluble elements were B, Cs, Ni, Rb, and K, with values greater than 80%. The lowest water-soluble elements were V, Fe, and Ti (values <10%), followed by Ba, Cd, Al, As, Sr, Ca, and Pb with solubility between 10 and 20%. Although total Cd levels in yerba mate products were often above those permitted by South America legislation, estimated daily consumption intake indicated no risk associated with the chimarrão beverage. Manganese was the micronutrient with the highest total and soluble levels in yerba mate, which surpassed recommended daily intake values when considering a consumption amount of 50 g day-1 of yerba mate as chimarrão. The consumption of yerba mate is safe and contributes to intake of nutrients. The Cd and Pb reference values of yerba mate products sold in South America should be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciane Lemos do Prado
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Eloá Moura Araujo
- Department of Soils and Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Giovana Poggere
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Medianeira, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Vargas Motta
- Department of Soils and Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Stephen A Prior
- USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, 411 South Donahue Drive, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Ederlan Magri
- Department of Soils and Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Scott D Young
- Science School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Martin R Broadley
- Science School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Nottingham, UK
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17
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Fermented foods: an update on evidence-based health benefits and future perspectives. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Yerba Mate as a Source of Elements and Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020371. [PMID: 35204253 PMCID: PMC8868397 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate) is a plant species of the holly genus Ilex native to South America from the family Aquifoliaceae and is used for the production of yerba mate infusion. The leaves of the plant are steeped in hot water to make a beverage known as mate. The present study aimed to quantify and compare the content of selected elements in dried leaves and stems of I. paraguariensis (originating from Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil) available in the market in Poland and determine the amount of these elements and bioactive compounds that pass into the infusion prepared from them. The contents of the following antioxidant compounds were assessed: neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 4-feruloylquinic acid, isochlorogenic acid, rutoside, astragalin, caffeine, and indole derivatives. All the tested samples showed the presence of elements such as magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, and manganese. The highest antioxidant activity was determined for infusion prepared from yerba mate samples from Brazil. Drinking approximately 1 L of the infusion a day will partially cover the daily requirement of these elements and bioactive compounds. The highest content of organic compounds with antioxidant properties (phenolic compounds and caffeine) was found in yerba mate infusions from Brazil.
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Panzl MV, Almeida JMS, Pedrozo-Peñafiel M, Menchaca D, Aucélio RQ, Rodríguez-Haralambides A. Evaluation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Dried Leaves of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) and Their Extraction into Infusions. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2030770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Panzl
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Pando, Uruguay
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Joseany M. S. Almeida
- Chemistry Department, Pontificia Universidade Católica Do Rio De Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio De Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Marlin Pedrozo-Peñafiel
- Chemistry Department, Pontificia Universidade Católica Do Rio De Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio De Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - David Menchaca
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ricardo Q. Aucélio
- Chemistry Department, Pontificia Universidade Católica Do Rio De Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio De Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
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20
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López V, Cásedas G, Petersen-Ross K, Powrie Y, Smith C. Neuroprotective and anxiolytic potential of green rooibos ( Aspalathus linearis) polyphenolic extract. Food Funct 2022; 13:91-101. [PMID: 34877951 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03178c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
South African rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) tea is globally consumed for its health benefits and caffeine free nature, but no information is available on the neuroprotective capacity of (unfermented) green rooibos. Our aim was to investigate the cytoprotective activity of green rooibos in neuronal cells, including probing antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties that could explain observed effects in these cells. We also investigated the anxiolytic potential of green rooibos using zebrafish larval models. Green rooibos extract (Green oxithin™) was assessed for its neuroprotective potential in Neuro-2a cells treated with different concentrations of the extract (12.5-25-50-100 μg mL-1) and different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (250 or 125 μM) as oxidizing agent. Cell viability (MTT) and redox status (intracellular ROS) were also quantified in these cells. Antioxidant properties of the extract were quantified using cell-free systems (DPPH, ORAC and xanthine/xanthine oxidase), and potential neuroprotection evaluated in terms of its potential to inhibit key enzymes of the CNS (monoamine oxidase A (MOA-A), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and tyrosinase (TYR)). Results demonstrated that green rooibos extract exerted significant cytoprotective properties in Neuro-2a cells, particularly when exposed to lethal 250 μM hydrogen peroxide, increasing cell survival by more than 100%. This may be ascribed (at least partially) to its capacity to limit intracellular ROS accumulation in these cells. Data from cell-free systems confirmed that green rooibos was able to scavenge free radicals (synthetic and physiological) in a dose dependent manner with a similar profile activity to vitamins C and E. Green rooibos also acted as a moderate MAO-A inhibitor, but had no significant effect on AChE or TYR. Finally, zebrafish larvae treated with lower doses of green rooibos demonstrated a significant anxiolytic effect in the light-dark anxiety model. Using the PTZ excitotoxicity model, green rooibos was shown to rescue GABA receptor signalling, which together with its demonstrated inhibition of MAO-A, may account for the anxiolytic outcome. Current data confirms that green rooibos could be considered a "functional brain food" and may be a good option as starting ingredient in the development of new nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor López
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Guillermo Cásedas
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Kelly Petersen-Ross
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
| | - Yigael Powrie
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
| | - Carine Smith
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
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21
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VARGAS-MADRIZ ÁF, KURI-GARCÍA A, VARGAS-MADRIZ H, CHÁVEZ-SERVÍN JL, AYALA-TIRADO RA. Phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of fruit Averrhoa carambola L.: a review. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.69920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Nazhand A, Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Guerra F, Souto SB, Souto EB, Santini A. Nutraceuticals and functional beverages: Focus on Prebiotics and Probiotics active beverages. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91001-9.00026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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23
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Pachura N, Kupczyński R, Sycz J, Kuklińska A, Zwyrzykowska-Wodzińska A, Wińska K, Owczarek A, Kuropka P, Nowaczyk R, Bąbelewski P, Szumny A. Biological Potential and Chemical Profile of European Varieties of Ilex. Foods 2021; 11:foods11010047. [PMID: 35010173 PMCID: PMC8750822 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants of the genus Ilex are widespread throughout the world, with its best-known representative being Ilex paraguraiensis from South America. The European species Ilex aquifolium shows similarities in its terpenoid, sugar and phenolic acid profiles. Using aqueous extracts of Ilex aquifolium as a supplement in Wistar rats showed that, despite the lack of caffeine, it had strong hypocholesterolemic effects. In addition, a reduction in oxidative lipid degradation and a decrease in hepatic steatosis in histopathological studies were observed. The results of this study suggest that extracts from the European species Ilex aquifolium may have potential as an alternative treatment for hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pachura
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.S.); (K.W.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Robert Kupczyński
- Department of Environment, Animal Hygiene and Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (R.K.); (A.K.); (A.Z.-W.)
| | - Jordan Sycz
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.S.); (K.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Agata Kuklińska
- Department of Environment, Animal Hygiene and Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (R.K.); (A.K.); (A.Z.-W.)
| | - Anna Zwyrzykowska-Wodzińska
- Department of Environment, Animal Hygiene and Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland; (R.K.); (A.K.); (A.Z.-W.)
| | - Katarzyna Wińska
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.S.); (K.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Owczarek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lódź, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Piotr Kuropka
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (R.N.)
| | - Renata Nowaczyk
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.K.); (R.N.)
| | - Przemysław Bąbelewski
- Department of Horticulture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Square 24A, 50-363 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Antoni Szumny
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.S.); (K.W.); (A.S.)
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Cássia Tomasi J, Goetten de Lima G, Mendes Duarte M, Catie Bueno de Godoy R, Wendling I, Vieira Helm C, Augusto Hansel F, Lúcia Grunennvaldt R, Maciel Tomazzoli M, Deschamps C. Toasted yerba mate: Impact of drying methods on bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity, and mate tea consumer acceptance. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Goetten de Lima
- Post Graduate Program in Engineering and Materials Science ‐ PIPEFederal University of Paraná Curitiba Paraná Brazil
- Materials Research Institute Athlone Institute of Technology Athlone Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Renata Lúcia Grunennvaldt
- Gene Cology Research Center School of Science and Engineering University of the Sunshine Coast Maroochydore Australia
| | | | - Cícero Deschamps
- Agronomy Department Federal University of Parana Curitiba Brazil
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Shi Y, Jiang X, Chen L, Li WW, Lai S, Fu Z, Liu Y, Qian Y, Gao L, Xia T. Functional Analyses of Flavonol Synthase Genes From Camellia sinensis Reveal Their Roles in Anther Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:753131. [PMID: 34659321 PMCID: PMC8517536 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.753131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, including flavonol derivatives, are the main astringent compounds of tea and are beneficial to human health. Many researches have been conducted to comprehensively identify and characterize the phenolic compounds in the tea plant. However, the biological function of tea flavonoids is not yet understood, especially those accumulated in floral organs. In this study, the metabolic characteristics of phenolic compounds in different developmental stages of flower buds and various parts of the tea flower were investigated by using metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses. Targeted metabolomic analysis revealed varying accumulation patterns of different phenolic polyphenol compounds during flowering; moreover, the content of flavonol compounds gradually increased as the flowers opened. Petals and stamens were the main sites of flavone and flavonol accumulation. Compared with those of fertile flowers, the content of certain flavonols, such as kaempferol derivatives, in anthers of hybrid sterile flowers was significantly low. Transcriptomic analysis revealed different expression patterns of genes in the same gene family in tea flowers. The CsFLSb gene was significantly increased during flowering and was highly expressed in anthers. Compared with fertile flowers, CsFLSb was significantly downregulated in sterile flowers. Further functional verification of the three CsFLS genes indicated that CsFLSb caused an increase in flavonol content in transgenic tobacco flowers and that CsFLSa acted in leaves. Taken together, this study highlighted the metabolic properties of phenolic compounds in tea flowers and determined how the three CsFLS genes have different functions in the vegetative and reproductive organs of tea plants. Furthermore, CsFLSb could regulated flavonol biosynthesis in tea flowers, thus influencing fertility. This research is of great significance for balancing the reproductive growth and vegetative growth of tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaolan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Linbo Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Tea Germplasm Innovation and Matching Cultivation, Menghai, China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Sanyan Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhouping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yumei Qian
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liping Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Xia X, Lin Z, Shao K, Wang X, Xu J, Zhai H, Wang H, Xu W, Zhao Y. Combination of white tea and peppermint demonstrated synergistic antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2500-2510. [PMID: 33058206 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White tea, considered to be the oldest form of tea, is becoming a popular beverage for its organoleptic characteristics. Peppermint tea, used as a herbal remedy for centuries, is now also very popular throughout the world as herbal tea. What interested us was that in ancient China, peppermint was used in combination with tea as a detoxification or anti-inflammatory agent. However, there are few reports on the combined use of white tea and peppermint. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of white tea in combination with peppermint. RESULTS A synergistic inhibitory effect against four bacterial strains, especially against Staphylococcus argenteus, was observed in the combination of white tea and peppermint in vitro. In addition, the combined formula demonstrated a stronger anti-inflammatory effect in vivo than either of the two used alone, which was associated with the decrease of the pro-inflammatory cytokines of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In a further mechanism study, it was found that white tea and peppermint inhibited the phosphorylation of p-IκB-α and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) at different degrees. While the enhanced anti-inflammatory effect of the combined formula was associated with the combination of NF-κB down-regulation and p-MAPK inhibition. CONCLUSION In our study, it was for the first time shown that when white tea was combined with peppermint, the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects were enhanced. The results suggested an effective application of white tea in combination with peppermint as a potential antibacterial and anti-inflammatory functional food. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xia
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | | | | | - Xude Wang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hang Zhai
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Cadmium and lead concentrations in yerba mate leaves from agroforestry and plantation systems: An international survey in South America. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ke W, Wang H, Zhao X, Lu Z. Foeniculum vulgare seed extract exerts anti-cancer effects on hepatocellular carcinoma. Food Funct 2021; 12:1482-1497. [PMID: 33502415 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02243h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. The prognosis of HCC is very poor due to the absence of symptoms and a lack of effective treatments. Studies have shown that various Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) extracts exhibit anti-cancer effects on malignant tumors such as skin cancer and prostate cancer. However, the anti-tumor activity of Foeniculum vulgare and its underlying molecular mechanisms towards HCC are unknown. Here, we provide fundamental evidence to show that the 75% ethanol extract of Foeniculum vulgare seeds (FVE) reduced cell viability, induced apoptosis, and effectively inhibited cell migration in HCC cells in vitro. HCC xenograft studies in nude mice showed that FVE significantly inhibited HCC growth in vivo. Mechanistic analyses showed that FVE reduced survivin protein levels and triggered mitochondrial toxicity, subsequently inducing caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. Survivin inhibition effectively sensitized HCC cells to FVE-induced apoptosis. Moreover, FVE did not induce a decrease in survivin or apoptotic toxicity in normal liver cells. Collectively, in vivo and in vitro results suggest that FVE exerts inhibitory effects in HCC by targeting the oncoprotein survivin, suggesting FVE may be a potential anti-cancer agent that may benefit patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Ke
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China.
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China.
| | - Xiangxuan Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China.
| | - Zaiming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, LN, China.
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Teselkin YO, Babenkova IV, Pavlova LA, Lee A, Kochetova AA, Osipov AN, Vladimirov YA. The Antioxidant Capacity of Aqueous Extracts from Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis). Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350921010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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30
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Lou X, Guo X, Wang K, Wu C, Jin Y, Lin Y, Xu H, Hanna M, Yuan L. Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of Crataegus pinnatifida fruit infusion and decoction and influence of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on their digestive recovery. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Orso R, Gonçalves IL, Navarini Bampi E, Saorin Puton BM, Hepp LU, Dartora N, Souza Roman S, Valduga AT. Analysis of Polysaccharide Fraction from Yerba Mate (
Ilex paraguariensis
St. Hil.) on Regeneration of Planarian (
Girardia tigrina
). STARCH-STARKE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Orso
- Programa de de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões 1621 Sete de Setembro Avenue Erechim Rio Grande do Sul 99709‐910 Brazil
| | - Itamar Luís Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul 2752 Ipiranga Avenue Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul 90610‐000 Brazil
| | - Edivania Navarini Bampi
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões 1621 Sete de Setembro Avenue Erechim Rio Grande do Sul 99709‐910 Brazil
| | - Bruna Maria Saorin Puton
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões 1621 Sete de Setembro Avenue Erechim Rio Grande do Sul 99709‐910 Brazil
| | - Luiz Ubiratan Hepp
- Programa de de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões 1621 Sete de Setembro Avenue Erechim Rio Grande do Sul 99709‐910 Brazil
| | - Nessana Dartora
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul Campus Cerro Largo, Cerro Largo 1850 Jacob Reinaldo Haupentha Avenue Cerro Largo Rio Grande do Sul 97900‐000 Brazil
| | - Silvane Souza Roman
- Programa de de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões 1621 Sete de Setembro Avenue Erechim Rio Grande do Sul 99709‐910 Brazil
| | - Alice Teresa Valduga
- Programa de de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões 1621 Sete de Setembro Avenue Erechim Rio Grande do Sul 99709‐910 Brazil
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Vargas-Madriz ÁF, Kuri-García A, Vargas-Madriz H, Chávez-Servín JL, Ferriz-Martínez RA, Hernández-Sandoval LG, Guzmán-Maldonado SH. Phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb) Benth: a review. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 57:4316-4336. [PMID: 33087946 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb) Benth (P. dulce), known as "guamúchil", is a tree native to the American continent. Various parts of the tree are used in traditional medicine, primarily for treating gastrointestinal disorders. The phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of this plant are largely responsible for the beneficial health effects attributed to it. A number of authors have studied the antioxidant capacity and phenolic compounds of the aril, seed, leaf and root of P. dulce using various methodologies, which can differ considerably in variables such as environmental factors, type of drying, temperature, the way the sample is stored, and the use of different solvents in the various extraction methods. Even methods of quantification by HPLC vary tremendously. This paper summarizes the existing research carried out to date on determining the phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of P. dulce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Félix Vargas-Madriz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Natural Science, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, CP 76230 Querétaro, QRO Mexico
| | - Aarón Kuri-García
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Natural Science, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, CP 76230 Querétaro, QRO Mexico
| | - Haidel Vargas-Madriz
- Department of Agricultural Production, University Center of the South Coast, UDG, Av. Independencia Nacional, No 151, CP 48900 Autlán, JAL Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis Chávez-Servín
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Natural Science, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, CP 76230 Querétaro, QRO Mexico
| | - Roberto Augusto Ferriz-Martínez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Natural Science, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, CP 76230 Querétaro, QRO Mexico
| | - Luis Gerardo Hernández-Sandoval
- Botanical Laboratory, School of Natural Science, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, CP 76230 Querétaro, QRO Mexico
| | - Salvador Horacio Guzmán-Maldonado
- Food Laboratory, Bajio Experimental Field, Regional Research Center, INIFAP, Km 6. Carr., Celaya - San Miguel Allende AP 112, CP 38110 Celaya, GTO Mexico
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Magri E, Gugelmin EK, Grabarski FAP, Barbosa JZ, Auler AC, Wendling I, Prior SA, Valduga AT, Motta ACV. Manganese hyperaccumulation capacity of Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. and occurrence of interveinal chlorosis induced by transient toxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:111010. [PMID: 32888587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) toxicity is common in plants grown on very acid soils. However, some plants species that grow in this condition can take up high amounts of Mn and are referred to as hyperaccumulating species. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of Ilex paraguariensis to accumulate Mn and the effect of excessive concentrations on plant growth and nutrition. For this, a container experiment was conducted using soils from different parent materials (basalt and sandstone), with and without liming, and at six doses of applied Mn (0, 30, 90, 270, 540 and 1,080 mg kg-1). Clonal plants grown for 203 days were harvested to evaluate yield, and leaf tissue samples were evaluated for Mn and other elements. Without liming and with high Mn doses, leaf Mn concentrations reached 13,452 and 12,127 mg kg-1 in sandstone and basalt soils, respectively; concentrations in excess of 10,000 mg kg-1 are characteristic of hyperaccumulating plants. Liming reduced these values to 7203 and 8030 mg kg-1. More plant growth accompanied increased Mn leaf concentrations, with a growth reduction noted at the highest dose in unlimed soils. Elemental distribution showed Mn presence in the mesophyll, primarily in vascular bundles, without high Mn precipitates. Interveinal chlorosis of young leaves associated with high Mn concentration and lower Fe concentrations was observed, especially in sandstone soil without liming. However, the occurrence of this symptom was not associated with decreased plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ederlan Magri
- Postgraduate Program in Soil Science, Department of Soils and Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | - Felipe Augusto Piacentini Grabarski
- Postgraduate Program in Soil Science, Department of Soils and Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | - André Carlos Auler
- Department of Soils and Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Ivar Wendling
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa Forestry, Colombo, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Stephen Arthur Prior
- USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, 411 South Donahue Drive, Auburn, AL, USA.
| | - Alice Teresa Valduga
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Regional Integrated University of Alto Uruguai and Missões (URI), Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| | - Antônio Carlos Vargas Motta
- Department of Soils and Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Motta ACV, Barbosa JZ, Magri E, Pedreira GQ, Santin D, Prior SA, Consalter R, Young SD, Broadley MR, Benedetti EL. Elemental composition of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.) under low input systems of southern Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 736:139637. [PMID: 32497889 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elemental composition of food can be used to determine nutritional potential as well as guiding legislation for establishing maximum acceptable limits (MAL) of metals in consumption products. This study aimed to determine the elemental background levels of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.) under varied geologic formations in southern Brazil. Mature leaves were randomly collected from four wild-grown plants at thirty native sites in three states and analyzed for 32 elements. Since yerba mate is not washed to obtain the final product, leaves were analyzed with and without washing to assess foliar deposition. Concentration values of As, Ag, Be, Cs, Cr, Li, Se, Tl, U, and V were near detection limits, indicating low potential as a source and/or toxicity to the consumer. Washing decreased concentrations of Fe, Ti, As, Mo, Li, V, and Pb, suggesting atmospheric contributions/dust deposition. Concentrations of Mn (very high), Zn (high), and Ni (high) demonstrated that leaves could be an important source of these elements. Soil parent material affected elemental composition with basalt providing higher concentrations of Mn, P, and Co while Rhyodacite provided higher concentrations of K and Na. All samples exhibited Pb values below the MAL of 0.6 mg kg-1, but 23% of washed leaves and 20% of unwashed leaves had Cd concentrations close to or above the MAL value of 0.4 mg kg-1. Study results indicated that Cd MAL values for yerba mate in southern Brazil should be reassessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Carlos Vargas Motta
- Department of Soils and Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, 1540, Funcionários St., Curitiba 80035-050, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | - Ederlan Magri
- Soil Science - Department of Soils and Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, 1540, Funcionários St., Curitiba, Paraná 80035-050, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Quaresma Pedreira
- Soil Science - Department of Soils and Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, 1540, Funcionários St., Curitiba, Paraná 80035-050, Brazil.
| | - Delmar Santin
- Federal Institute of Santa Catarina, Departamento Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão, Câmpus Canoinhas. Av. Expedicionários, 2150, Bairro Campo da Água verde, Canoinhas, SC CEP: 89469-000, Brazil.
| | - Stephen Arthur Prior
- USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory, 411 South Donahue Drive, Auburn, AL 36832, USA.
| | - Rangel Consalter
- Soil Science - Department of Soils and Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, 1540, Funcionários St., Curitiba, Paraná 80035-050, Brazil.
| | - Scott D Young
- University of Nottingham, Science School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom..
| | - Martin R Broadley
- University of Nottingham, Science School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom..
| | - Eliziane Luiza Benedetti
- Federal Institute of Santa Catarina, Departamento Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão, Câmpus Canoinhas. Av. Expedicionários, 2150, Bairro Campo da Água verde, Canoinhas, SC CEP: 89469-000, Brazil.
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35
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Jeong YH, Jeong GH, Jeong YH, Kim TH. Identification of sesamol byproducts produced by plasma treatment with inhibition of advanced glycation endproducts formation and ONOO− scavenging activities. Food Chem 2020; 314:126196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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The Pharmacological Activity of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze on Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040603. [PMID: 32294991 PMCID: PMC7226397 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea made from Camellia sinensis leaves is one of the most consumed beverages worldwide. This systematic review aims to update Camellia sinensis pharmacological activity on metabolic and endocrine disorders. Inclusion criteria were preclinical and clinical studies of tea extracts and isolated compounds on osteoporosis, hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity written in English between 2014 and 2019 and published in Pubmed, Science Direct, and Scopus. From a total of 1384 studies, 80 reports met inclusion criteria. Most papers were published in 2015 (29.3%) and 2017 (20.6%), conducted in China (28.75%), US (12.5%), and South Korea (10%) and carried out with extracts (67.5%, especially green tea) and isolated compounds (41.25%, especially epigallocatechin gallate). Most pharmacological studies were in vitro and in vivo studies focused on diabetes and obesity. Clinical trials, although they have demonstrated promising results, are very limited. Future research should be aimed at providing more clinical evidence on less studied pathologies such as osteoporosis, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Given the close relationship among all endocrine disorders, it would be of interest to find a standard dose of tea or their bioactive constituents that would be beneficial for all of them.
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Godoy RCB, Chambers E, Yang G. Development of a preliminary sensory lexicon for mate tea. J SENS STUD 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edgar Chambers
- Center for Sensory Analysis and Consumer BehaviorKansas State University Manhattan Kansas
| | - Gongshun Yang
- Center for Sensory Analysis and Consumer BehaviorKansas State University Manhattan Kansas
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Untargeted HILIC-MS-Based Metabolomics Approach to Evaluate Coffee Roasting Process: Contributing to an Integrated Metabolomics Multiplatform. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040887. [PMID: 32079306 PMCID: PMC7070313 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An untargeted metabolomics strategy using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS) was developed in this work enabling the study of the coffee roasting process. Green coffee beans and coffee beans submitted to three different roasting degrees (light, medium, and strong) were analyzed. Chromatographic separation was carried out using water containing 10 mM ammonium formate with 0.2 % formic acid (mobile phase A) and acetonitrile containing 10 mM ammonium formate with 0.2 % formic acid (mobile phase B). A total of 93 molecular features were considered from which 31 were chosen as the most statistically significant using variable in the projection values. 13 metabolites were tentatively identified as potential biomarkers of the coffee roasting process using this metabolomic platform. Results obtained in this work were complementary to those achieved using orthogonal techniques such as reversed-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (RPLC-MS) and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) since only one metabolite was found to be common between HILIC-MS and RPLC-MS platforms (caffeoylshikimic acid isomer) and other between HILIC-MS and CE-MS platforms (choline). On the basis of these results, an untargeted metabolomics multiplatform is proposed in this work based on the integration of the three orthogonal techniques as a powerful tool to expand the coverage of the roasted coffee metabolome.
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Antiaging, Stress Resistance, and Neuroprotective Efficacies of Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala Fruit Extracts Using Caenorhabditis elegans Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7024785. [PMID: 31871554 PMCID: PMC6906846 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7024785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plant parts and their bioactive compounds are widely used by mankind for their health benefits. Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala is one berry fruit, native to Thailand, known to exhibit various health benefits in vitro. The present study was focused on analyzing the antiaging, stress resistance, and neuroprotective effects of C. nervosum in model system Caenorhabditis elegans using physiological assays, fluorescent imaging, and qPCR analysis. The results suggest that the fruit extract was able to significantly extend the median and maximum lifespan of the nematode. It could also extend the healthspan by reducing the accumulation of the “age pigment” lipofuscin, inside the nematode along with regulating the expression of col-19, egl-8, egl-30, dgk-1, and goa-1 genes. Further, the extracts upregulated the expression of daf-16 while downregulating the expression of daf-2 and age-1 in wild-type nematodes. Interestingly, it could extend the lifespan in DAF-16 mutants suggesting that the extension of lifespan and healthspan was dependent and independent of DAF-16-mediated pathway. The fruit extract was also observed to reduce the level of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) inside the nematode during oxidative stress. The qPCR analysis suggests the involvement of skn-1 and sir-2.1 in initiating stress resistance by activating the antioxidant mechanism. Additionally, the fruit could also elicit neuroprotection as it could extend the median and maximum lifespan of transgenic strain integrated with Aβ. SKN-1 could play a pivotal role in establishing the antiaging, stress resistance, and neuroprotective effect of C. nervosum. Overall, C. nervosum can be used as a nutraceutical in the food industry which could offer potential health benefits.
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Acute Hepatitis Secondary to the Use of Ilex paraguariensis (Mate Tea): A Case Report and Review of Literature. Case Reports Hepatol 2019; 2019:8459205. [PMID: 31737383 PMCID: PMC6815554 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8459205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug induced liver injury is a very frequent cause of hepatotoxicity and within that group, herbal and dietary supplements are a well described subcategory. The following clinical vignette describes the case of a young man with acute hepatitis secondary to the use of Ilex paraguariensis, also known as yerba mate, which is a herbal product commonly drunk in South America. This is the first written case of mate tea induced hepatotoxicity.
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Kalogiouri N, Samanidou V. Advances in the Optimization of Chromatographic Conditions for the Separation of Antioxidants in Functional Foods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.17145/rss.19.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Oyagbemi TO, Ashafa A, Adejinmi JO, Oguntibeju OO. Preliminary investigation of acaricidal activity of leaf extract of Nicotiana tabacum on dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Vet World 2019; 12:1624-1629. [PMID: 31849425 PMCID: PMC6868261 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1624-1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Tick infestation of domestic animals remains a major constraint to livestock productivity across all agro-ecological zones most especially in small animal practice. The most common method of tick control is the use of synthetic acaricide. However, a widespread increase of acaricidal resistance, scarcity and high cost of acaricides especially to farmers of low-income earnings in developing countries support the need for alternative tick control methods. Among the alternative methods for tick control is herbal therapy. In this study, we investigated the acaricidal activity of methanol and N-hexane leaf extracts of Nicotiana tabacum against dog ticks - Rhipicephalus sanguineus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Larvicidal and adulticidal activity of N. tabacum leaf extract were examined on the dog tick - R. sanguineus in an in vitro experiment using larval packet test and adult immersion test respectively. Phytochemical and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the leaf extract were also carried out using standard methods. RESULTS We observed a tick mortality rate that was concentration-dependent. However, N-hexane extract showed a higher significant acaricidal effect than methanol extract. Lethal dose (LD50) of N. tabacum was 0.06. High quantity of terpenoids was obtained from N. tabacum. Lower tick glutathione S-transferase observed with varying concentration of N. tabacum. GC-MS revealed Pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-, (S) - Nicotine, Citronellyl propionate, Crotonaldehyde, Lavandulyl acetate, trans-Phytol and Amitrole (3-Amino-1, 2, 4-triazole) in N. tabacum. CONCLUSION Both methanol and N-hexane leaf extracts of N. tabacum exhibited observable acaricidal property against the larvae and adult R. sanguineus of dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo Olaide Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Anofi Ashafa
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Qwaqwa Campus, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa
| | - Johnson Olayide Adejinmi
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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43
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Bazana MT, da Silva SS, Codevilla CF, de Deus C, Lucas BN, Ugalde GA, Mazutti MA, Moraes Flores EM, Barin JS, de Bona da Silva C, de Menezes CR. Development of nanoemulsions containing Physalis peruviana calyx extract: A study on stability and antioxidant capacity. Food Res Int 2019; 125:108645. [PMID: 31554039 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the physicochemical and antioxidant stability of nanoemulsions containing a Physalis peruviana calyx extract (CPp-NE) and free extracts under different storage conditions (7 and 25 °C) and with absence or incidence of light for 120 days. The calyx extracts were prepared with ethanol 60% and characterized for later preparation of the nanoemulsions by spontaneous emulsification. The formulations presented nanometric sizes, low polydispersity index, negative zeta potential, acid pH, rutin content (11 μg·mL-1), and encapsulation efficiency of 85%. Regarding the stability, the droplet size and PdI of the CPp-NE stored at refrigeration temperature in the dark, room temperature in the dark, and refrigeration temperature with light incidence were stable for 120 days and with no visible changes in the formulations. The antioxidant capacity was related to the reducing capacity, and the best results were found for nanoemulsions stored at room temperature and in absence of light. In addition, CPp-NE presented higher antioxidant and reducing capacity in relation to the free extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Taís Bazana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Rural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Suelen Santos da Silva
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Rural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Franco Codevilla
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Rural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Cassandra de Deus
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Rural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Bruna Nichelle Lucas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Rural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Andrade Ugalde
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Marcio Antonio Mazutti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Erico Marlon Moraes Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Juliano Smanioto Barin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Rural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane de Bona da Silva
- Departament of Industrial Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Cristiano Ragagnin de Menezes
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Rural Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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Benincasa C, Santoro I, Nardi M, Cassano A, Sindona G. Eco-Friendly Extraction and Characterisation of Nutraceuticals from Olive Leaves. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193481. [PMID: 31557931 PMCID: PMC6804189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) leaf, a waste by-product of the olive oil industry, is an inexpensive and abundant source of biophenols of great interest for various industrial applications in the food supplement, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. In this work, the aqueous extraction of high-added value compounds from olive leaves by using microfiltered (MF), ultrapure (U), and osmosis-treated (O) water was investigated. The extraction of target compounds, including oleuropein (Olp), hydroxytyrosol (HyTyr), tyrosol (Tyr), verbascoside (Ver), lutein (Lut), and rutin (Rut), was significantly affected by the characteristics of the water used. Indeed, according to the results of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, the extracting power of microfiltered water towards rutin resulted very poor, while a moderate extraction was observed for oleuropein, verbascoside, and lutein. On the other hand, high concentrations of hydroxytyrosol were detected in the aqueous extracts produced with microfiltered water. The extraction power of ultrapure and osmosis-treated water proved to be very similar for the bio-active compounds oleuropein, verbascoside, lutein, and rutin. The results clearly provide evidence of the possibility of devising new eco-friendly strategies based on the use of green solvents which can be applied to recover bioactive compounds from olive leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Benincasa
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and TreeFruit, C.da Li Rocchi, I-87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Santoro
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, Cubo 12C, I-87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Monica Nardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Græcia, Viale Europa, I-88100 Germaneto, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Alfredo Cassano
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR, c/o University of Calabria, via P. Bucci, 17/C, I-87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Sindona
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, Cubo 12C, I-87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
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Wu C, Luo Y, Liu L, Xie Y, Cao Y. Toxicity of combined exposure of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and myricetin to Caco-2 cells: changes of NP colloidal aspects, NP internalization and the apoptosis-endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:613-620. [PMID: 31588339 PMCID: PMC6762008 DOI: 10.1039/c9tx00127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals as typical food components may significantly influence the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) in intestinal cells, indicating a need to evaluate the toxicological effects of NPs in a complex situation. Previous studies suggested that the anti-oxidative properties of phytochemicals were important to elicit cytoprotective effects against NP exposure. However, we recently found that the changes of signaling pathways may be more important for cytoprotective effects of phytochemicals. In this study, we investigated the influence of myricetin (MY) on the cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs in Caco-2 cells and the possible mechanism. MY at 50 μM showed minimal impact on the solubility and colloidal aspects of ZnO NPs, but protected Caco-2 cells from NP exposure as it increased the EC50 value. For comparison, dihydromyricetin (DMY; chemical analog of MY) increased the EC50 value to a much lesser extent. Exposure to ZnO NPs significantly induced intracellular Zn ions, whereas MY or DMY did not significantly influence the internalization of NPs. However, ZnO NPs significantly promoted the ratio of caspase-3/pro-caspase-3, which was inhibited by the presence of MY. Exposure to ZnO NPs did not significantly promote the biomarkers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, but co-exposure to ZnO NPs and MY significantly lowered the levels of a panel of ER stress biomarkers. In conclusion, these results suggested that MY could protect Caco-2 cells from ZnO NP exposure, which may not be related to the changes of colloidal stability or internalization of NPs but could be alternatively related to the reduction of ER stress leading to lower cleaved caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education , Laboratory of Biochemistry , College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , P.R. China .
| | - Yunfeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education , Laboratory of Biochemistry , College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , P.R. China .
| | - Liangliang Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Changsha 410205 , P.R. China .
| | - Yixi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education , Laboratory of Biochemistry , College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , P.R. China .
| | - Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education , Laboratory of Biochemistry , College of Chemistry , Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105 , P.R. China .
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Inhibitory Effect of Cuphea aequipetala Extracts on Murine B16F10 Melanoma In Vitro and In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8560527. [PMID: 31275985 PMCID: PMC6560323 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8560527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cuphea aequipetala (C. aequipetala) has been used in Mexican traditional medicine since prehispanic times to treat tumors. In this paper, we evaluated the antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of the methanolic and aqueous extracts of C. aequipetala on several cancer cell lines including the B16F10 cell line of murine melanoma and carried a murine model assay. In vitro assay analyzed the effect in the cellular cycle and several indicators of apoptosis, such as the caspase-3 activity, DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine exposure (Annexin-V), and induction of cell membrane permeabilization (propidium iodide) in the B16F10 cells. In vivo, groups of C57BL/6 female mice were subcutaneously injected with 5x105 B16F10 cells and treated with 25 mg/mL of C. aequipetala extracts via oral. Aqueous and methanolic extracts showed a cytotoxic effect in MCF-7, HepG2, and B16F10 cell lines. The methanolic extract showed more antiproliferative effect with less concentration, and for this reason, the in vitro experiments were only continued with it. This extract was able to induce accumulation of cells on G1 phase of the cell cycle; moreover, it was able to induce DNA fragmentation and increase the activity of caspase-3 in B16F10 cells. On the other hand, in the murine model of melanoma, the aqueous extract showed a greater reduction of tumor size in comparison with the methanolic extract, showing an 80% reduction versus one of around 31%, both compared with the untreated control, indicating a better antitumor effect of C. aequipetala aqueous extract via oral administration. In conclusion, the in vitro data showed that both C. aequipetala extracts were able to induce cytotoxicity through the apoptosis pathway in B16F10 cells, and in vivo, the oral administration of aqueous extract reduces the melanoma tumoral mass, suggesting an important antitumoral effect and the perspective to search for effector molecules involved in it.
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Gaggìa F, Baffoni L, Galiano M, Nielsen DS, Jakobsen RR, Castro-Mejía JL, Bosi S, Truzzi F, Musumeci F, Dinelli G, Di Gioia D. Kombucha Beverage from Green, Black and Rooibos Teas: A Comparative Study Looking at Microbiology, Chemistry and Antioxidant Activity. Nutrients 2018; 11:E1. [PMID: 30577416 PMCID: PMC6356548 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kombucha is usually obtained from the fermentation of black or green tea by a consortium of acetic acid bacteria and yeasts. In this study, kombucha was prepared from the same starter consortium using green and black teas as well as, for the first time, an infusion of rooibos leaves (Aspalathus linearis). Microbial diversity was analysed during fermentation both in the biofilm and in the corresponding kombuchas, using culture-dependent and -independent methods. Polyphenols, flavonoids, ethanol, and acids were quantified and anti-oxidant activities were monitored. All of the Kombuchas showed similarity in bacterial composition, with the dominance of Komagataeibacter spp. Beta diversity showed that the yeast community was significantly different among all tea substrates, between 7 and 14 days of fermentation and between biofilm and kombucha, indicating the influence of the substrate on the fermenting microbiota. Kombucha from rooibos has a low ethanol concentration (1.1 mg/mL), and a glucuronic acid amount that was comparable to black tea. Although antioxidant activity was higher in black and green kombucha compared to rooibos, the latter showed an important effect on the recovery of oxidative damage on fibroblast cell lines against oxidative stress. These results make rooibos leaves interesting for the preparation of a fermented beverage with health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gaggìa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, viale Fanin 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Loredana Baffoni
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, viale Fanin 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Michele Galiano
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, viale Fanin 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Dennis Sandris Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Rasmus Riemer Jakobsen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Josue Leonardo Castro-Mejía
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Sara Bosi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, viale Fanin 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francesca Truzzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, viale Fanin 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Federica Musumeci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, viale Fanin 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Dinelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, viale Fanin 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Diana Di Gioia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, viale Fanin 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
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