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Zhang S, Huang Z, Li Q, Zheng X, Liu J. Two-stage solid-state fermentation to increase the nutrient value of corn processing waste and explore its efficacy as a feed protein source. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101656. [PMID: 39113738 PMCID: PMC11304863 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Corn gluten meal-corn husk mixes (CCM) are an inexpensive and readily available agricultural by-product. This study explores a novel technique by converting CCM into high-value livestock feed protein sources through fermentation with Aspergillus niger AAX and Lactobacillus fermentum LLS, aiming to sustainably meet future global protein needs. The process of fermentation significantly altered the structural composition of high molecular weight proteins, zein, and dietary fibers. This transformation resulted in a marked elevation in the concentrations of peptides, free amino acids, and polyphenols. The acidic environment produced during fermentation prevented lipid oxidation in CCM, thereby extending its storability. After fermentation, the content of anti-nutritional factors decreased, while its antioxidant capacity increased. In vitro simulated digestion suggested that fermentation improved the digestibility of CCM protein. In vivo animal experiments showed that fermented CCM (FCCM) promoted growth and gut health in chicks. This study provides new insights into the utilization of CCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhaoxin Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qining Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
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2
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Wu S, Zhang Y, Chen B, Wang X, Qiao Y, Chen J. Combined treatment of rice bran by solid-state fermentation and extrusion: Effect of processing sequence and microbial strains. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101549. [PMID: 39036482 PMCID: PMC11260023 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) and extrusion are effective methods to improve the nutritional and sensory quality of rice bran. The effect of the processing sequence of SSF and extrusion and microbial strains on the quality of rice bran was studied. The results showed that the first SSF followed by extrusion increased the contents of phenolic, flavonoid and γ-oryzanol, but the color changed to brown. The first extrusion followed by SSF caused damage to bioactive components and antioxidant activity, but significantly increased the content of arabinoxylans. The difference between the two processing sequences may be related to the process time and the effect of substrate on microbial induction. Aspergillus oryzae and Neurospora sitophila were suitable for increasing the bioactive components of rice bran, while Lactiplantibacillus plantarum was suitable for increasing water-extractable arabinoxylan content. Different processing sequences and microbial strains have their advantages, and these results can provide reference for rice bran processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songheng Wu
- Shanghai Agricultural Products Preservation and Processing Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shanghai Agricultural Products Preservation and Processing Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Bingjie Chen
- Shanghai Agricultural Products Preservation and Processing Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shanghai Agricultural Products Preservation and Processing Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yongjin Qiao
- Shanghai Agricultural Products Preservation and Processing Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Shuneng Irradiation Technology Co. Ltd, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jianyu Chen
- Shanghai Shengzhi Agricultural and Sideline Products Co. Ltd, Shanghai 201500, China
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3
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Zhang S, Li Q, Huang Z, Wang G, Zheng X, Liu J. Exploring community succession and metabolic changes in corn gluten meal-bran mixed wastes during fermentation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121684. [PMID: 38981273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Addressing the challenge of sustainable agricultural processing waste management is crucial. Protein sources are essential for livestock farming, and one viable solution is the microbial fermentation of agricultural by-products. In this study, the microorganisms utilized for fermentation were Pichia fermentans PFZS and Limmosilactobacillus fermentum LFZS. The results demonstrated that the fermented corn gluten meal-bran mixture (FCBM) effectively degraded high molecular weight proteins, resulting in increases of approximately 23.3%, 367.6%, and 159.3% in crude protein (CP), trichloroacetic acid-soluble protein (TCA-SP), and free amino acid (FAA), respectively. Additionally, there was a significant enhancement in the content of beneficial metabolites, including total phenols, carotenoids, and microorganisms. FCBM also effectively reduced anti-nutritional factors while boosting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substances, such as dipeptides and tripeptides. The fermentation process was marked by an increase in beneficial endophytes, which was closely correlated with the enhancement of beneficial metabolites. Overall, FCBM provides a theoretical basis for substituting traditional protein resources in animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Qining Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhaoxin Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guoxia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
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4
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Luo X, Jiang JH, Liu SL, Gao JY, Zhou LW. Metabolomics analysis of rice fermented by medicinal fungi providing insights into the preparation of functional food. Food Chem 2024; 459:140372. [PMID: 38986207 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Rice, a primary staple food, may be improved in value via fermentation. Here, ten medicinal basidiomycetous fungi were separately applied for rice fermentation. After preliminary screening, Ganoderma boninense, Phylloporia pulla, Sanghuangporus sanghuang and Sanghuangporus weigelae were selected for further LC-MS based determination of the changes in metabolic profile after their fermentation with rice, and a total of 261, 296, 312, and 355 differential compounds were identified, respectively. Most of these compounds were up-regulated and involved in the metabolic pathways of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites. Sanghuangporus weigelae endowed the rice with the highest nutritional and bioactive values. The metabolic network of the identified differential compounds in rice fermented by S. weigelae illustrated their close relationships. In summary, this study provides insights into the preparation and application of potential functional food via the fermentation of rice with medicinal fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ji-Hang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shi-Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian-Yun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li-Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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5
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Canoy TS, Wiedenbein ES, Bredie WLP, Meyer AS, Wösten HAB, Nielsen DS. Solid-State Fermented Plant Foods as New Protein Sources. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2024; 15:189-210. [PMID: 38109492 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-060721-013526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The current animal-based production of protein-rich foods is unsustainable, especially in light of continued population growth. New alternative proteinaceous foods are therefore required. Solid-state fermented plant foods from Africa and Asia include several mold- and Bacillus-fermented foods such as tempeh, sufu, and natto. These fermentations improve the protein digestibility of the plant food materials while also creating unique textures, flavors, and taste sensations. Understanding the nature of these transformations is of crucial interest to inspire the development of new plant-protein foods. In this review, we describe the conversions taking place in the plant food matrix as a result of these solid-state fermentations. We also summarize how these (nonlactic) plant food fermentations can lead to desirable flavor properties, such as kokumi and umami sensations, and improve the protein quality by removing antinutritional factors and producing additional essential amino acids in these foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa S Canoy
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; ,
| | | | - Wender L P Bredie
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; ,
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Han A B Wösten
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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6
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Ranjan A, Kumar S, Sahu NP, Deo AD, Jain KK. Complimentary effect of exogenous enzymes, essential amino acids and essential fatty acids supplemented de-oiled rice bran (DORB) based diets on hematology, liver and intestinal histoarchitecture in Labeo rohita. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3609-3616. [PMID: 36866847 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2184697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to study the hematology, liver, and intestinal histoarchitecture of Labeo rohita fed with a combination of exogenous enzymes, essential amino acids, and essential fatty acids to DORB (De-oiled rice bran) based diets. Three treatments viz., T1 [DORB + phytase and xylanase (0.01% each)], T2 [DORB + phytase (0.01%) + xylanase (0.01%) + L-lysine(1.4%) + L-methionine (0.4%) + EPA and DHA (0.5%)] and T3 [DORB + phytase (0.01%), xylanase and cellulase (0.075%) + L-lysine (1.4%) +L-methionine (0.4%) + EPA and DHA (0.5%)] were used in the present study. Serum total protein, albumin content and A/G ratio varied significantly (p < 0.05) among groups. Globulin content did not vary significantly among groups (p ≥ 0.05). The Hb content, RBC and MCV count varied significantly (p < 0.05) whereas MCH, MCHC content, WBC and lymphocyte count did not vary significantly among groups (p > 0.05). The liver and intestine examination revealed no visible alteration and showed normal histo-architecture. Based on the finding it is concluded that DORB supplemented with exogenous enzymes, essential amino acids and essential fatty acids with phytase (0.01%), xylanase and cellulase (0.075%), L-lysine (1.4%), DL-methionine (0.4%) and EPA and DHA (0.5%) improves the health of L. rohita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Ranjan
- ICAR, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
- TNJFU-Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sarvendra Kumar
- ICAR, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Kamal Kant Jain
- ICAR, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
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7
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Xu F, Wu H, Xie J, Zeng T, Hao L, Xu W, Lu L. The Effects of Fermented Feed on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Activity, Immune Function, Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activity, Morphology, and Microflora of Yellow-Feather Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3545. [PMID: 38003161 PMCID: PMC10668758 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented feed on growth performance, antioxidant activity, immune function, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, morphology, and microflora of yellow-feather chickens. A total of 240 one-day-old female yellow-feathered (Hexi dwarf) chickens were randomly divided into two treatment groups, with six replicates per group and 20 chickens per replicate. The control group (CK) received a basal diet, whereas the experimental group was fed a basal diet of +2.00% fermented feed (FJ). The trial lasted for 22 days. Compared with the CK, (1) the growth performance was not affected (p > 0.05); (2) immunoglobin a, immunoglobin g, immunoglobin m, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were affected (p < 0.05); (3) liver superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were higher (p < 0.05); (4) trypsin activity in the duodenum and cecal Shannon index were increased (p < 0.05); (5) the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota in cecum was increased (p < 0.05); (6) the abundance of dominant microflora of Bacteroides as well as Clostridia UCG-014_norank were increased (p < 0.05). In summary, the fermented feed improved the growth performance, antioxidant activity, immune function, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, morphology, and microflora of yellow-feather chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China
- Junan Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Linyi 276600, China
| | - Hongzhi Wu
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jiajun Xie
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China
- Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Lijian Hao
- Junan Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Linyi 276600, China
| | - Wenwu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China
- Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Lizhi Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China
- Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310002, China
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8
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Wang Z, Tang H, Liu G, Gong H, Li Y, Chen Y, Yang Y. Compound probiotics producing cellulase could replace cellulase preparations during solid-state fermentation of millet bran. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 385:129457. [PMID: 37422095 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Low-value agricultural by-products can be converted into high-value biological products by fermentation with probiotic strains or by enzymatic hydrolysis. However, the high costs of enzyme preparations significantly limit their applications in fermentation. In this study, the solid-state fermentation of millet bran was performed using a cellulase preparation and compound probiotics producing cellulase (CPPC), respectively. The results showed that both factors effectively destroyed the fiber structure, reduced the crude fiber content by 23.78% and 28.32%, respectively, and significantly increased the contents of beneficial metabolites and microorganisms. Moreover, CPPC could more effectively reduce the anti-nutrient factors and increase the content of anti-inflammatory metabolites. The correlation analysis revealed that Lactiplantibacillus and Issatchenkia had synergistic growth during fermentation. Overall, these results suggested that CPPC could replace cellulase preparation and improve antioxidant properties while reducing anti-nutrient factors of millet bran, thus providing a theoretical reference for the efficient utilization of agricultural by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haoran Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Gongwei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hanxuan Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yangguang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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9
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Hadidi M, Garcia SR, Ziogkas D, McClements DJ, Moreno A. Cereal bran proteins: recent advances in extraction, properties, and applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37366171 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2226730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The projected global population is expected to reach around 9.7 billion by 2050, indicating a greater demand for proteins in the human diet. Cereal bran proteins (CBPs) have been identified as high-quality proteins, with potential applications in both the food and pharmaceutical industries. In 2020, global cereal grain production was 2.1 billion metric tonnes, including wheat, rice, corn, millet, barley, and oats. Cereal bran, obtained through milling, made up 10-20% of total cereal grain production, varying by grain type and milling degree. In this article, the molecular composition and nutritional value of CBPs are summarized, and recent advances in their extraction and purification are discussed. The functional properties of CBPs are then reviewed, including their solubility, binding, emulsifying, foaming, gelling, and thermal properties. Finally, current challenges to the application of CBPs in foods are highlighted, such as the presence of antinutritional factors, low digestibility, and allergenicity, as well as potential strategies to improve the nutritional and functional properties by overcoming these challenges. CBPs exhibit nutritional and functional attributes that are similar to those of other widely used plant-based protein sources. Thus, CBPs have considerable potential for use as ingredients in food, pharmaceutical, and other products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Hadidi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Samuel Rodriguez Garcia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Dimitrios Ziogkas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Andres Moreno
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
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10
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Okomo Aloo S, Park S, Oh DH. Impacts of germination and lactic acid bacteria fermentation on anti-nutrients, bioactive compounds, and selected functional properties of industrial hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.). Food Chem 2023; 428:136722. [PMID: 37429240 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The impact of fermentation and germination on the metabolite profile and bioactive of 'Cheongsam' hempseed was investigated. The seeds were germinated for 3 days at 26 °C and fermented for 48 h at 37 °C using Pediococcus acidilactici (SRCM201591). The raw (R), fermented seed (RF), sprouts (S), and fermented sprouts (SF) extracts were assessed for anti-nutrients, metabolite profile, and selected bioactivities. Germination and fermentation significantly altered anti-nutrient levels (tannins, saponins, phytic acid, and trypsin inhibitors). They increased total polyphenols, flavonoid contents, and individual polyphenols and cannabinoids. SF demonstrated the highest ABTS (IC50, 291.65 µg/mL) and DPPH (IC50, 345.30 µg/mL) scavenging capacities. However, S (IC50, 73.295 µg/mL) was the most potent anti-inflammatory ingredient. SF (IC50, 74.07 µg/mL) exhibited the most potent alpha-glucosidase inhibition for enzyme inhibitions, while RF (IC50, 63.31 µg/mL) showed the best lipase inhibition potential. The findings demonstrate that germination and fermentation could improve the functional properties of hempseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Okomo Aloo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - SeonJu Park
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
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11
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Yafetto L, Odamtten GT, Wiafe-Kwagyan M. Valorization of agro-industrial wastes into animal feed through microbial fermentation: A review of the global and Ghanaian case. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14814. [PMID: 37025888 PMCID: PMC10070663 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural and industrial activities around the world lead to the production of large quantities of agro-industrial wastes (e.g., peels of cassava, pineapple, plantain, banana, and yam, as well as rice husks, rice bran , corn husks, corn cobs, palm kernel cake, soybean meal, wheat bran, etc.). These agro-industrial wastes are discarded indiscriminately, thereby polluting the environment and becoming hazardous to human and animal health. Solid-state fermentation (SSF), a microbial fermentation process, is a viable, efficient approach that transforms discarded agro-industrial wastes into a plethora of useful value-added bioproducts. There is growing interest in the application of SSF in valorizing agro-industrial wastes for the production of fermented, protein-rich animal feed within the livestock industry. SSF reduces anti-nutritional factors whose presence hinders the digestibility and bioavailability of nutrients in agro-industrial wastes. Thus, the application of SSF improves the nutrient contents and quality of valorized agro-industrial wastes as animal feed. Fermented animal feed production may be safer, cheaper and enhance the overall growth performance and health of animals. SSF, therefore, as a strategic approach in a circular bioeconomy, presents economic and practical advantages that guarantee efficient recycling and valorization of agro-industrial wastes that ameliorate environmental pollution. This paper reviews the status of global and local Ghanaian biotransformation and valorization of agro-industrial wastes through SSF for the production of nutrient-rich animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Yafetto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Corresponding author.
| | - George Tawia Odamtten
- Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Michael Wiafe-Kwagyan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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12
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A review and meta-analysis of selected plant protein sources as a replacement of fishmeal in the diet of tilapias. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Numerous studies on the replacement of fishmeal with plant protein sources in tilapias have been undertaken. In order to quantify the effect of replacing fishmeal with plant protein sources on the growth performance of tilapias, a meta-analysis approach was applied. Despite the high heterogeneity and funnel plot asymmetry, the meta-analysis showed that replacing fishmeal with plant protein sources has a significant positive effect on the growth performance of tilapias. Thus, tilapias appear to be preadapted to utilizing plant protein sources. Furthermore, the feed value, nutritional quality and cost of the commonly used plant ingredients (soybean, sunflower, canola, cottonseed, kikuyu and azolla meals) were explored. The Solver function in Excel was used to formulate least cost diets using the plant meals. Azolla had the highest nutritional index (9.7436). This was attributed to its excellent amino acid profile that exceeded the requirements of tilapias. Nutritional index and feed value were lowest in kikuyu because of its poor amino acid profile as it registered the lowest amino acid index (0.4918). These results indicate that the amino acid profile is more important in the determination of nutritional quality than the percent protein content. Azolla and soybean meal are good candidates for the replacement of fishmeal in the diets of tilapias.
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Su W, Jiang Z, Wang C, Zhang Y, Gong T, Wang F, Jin M, Wang Y, Lu Z. Co-fermented defatted rice bran alters gut microbiota and improves growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune status and intestinal permeability of finishing pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 11:413-424. [PMID: 36382202 PMCID: PMC9640948 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Based on preparation of co-fermented defatted rice bran (DFRB) using Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum and phytase, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of co-fermented DFRB on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune status, gut microbiota and permeability in finishing pigs. Ninety finishing pigs (85.30 ± 0.97 kg) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments (3 replicates/treatment) with a basal diet (Ctrl), a basal diet supplemented with 10% unfermented DFRB (UFR), and a basal diet supplemented with 10% fermented DFRB (FR) for 30 d. Results revealed that the diet supplemented with FR notably (P < 0.05) improved the average daily gain (ADG), gain to feed ratio (G:F) and the digestibility of crude protein, amino acids and dietary fiber of finishing pigs compared with UFR. Additionally, FR supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) increased total antioxidant capacity, the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and decreased the content of malonaldehyde in serum. Furthermore, FR remarkably (P < 0.05) increased serum levels of IgG, anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-22 and IL-23) and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and INF-γ). The decrease of serum diamine oxidase activity and serum D-lactate content in the FR group (P < 0.05) suggested an improvement in intestinal permeability. Supplementation of FR also elevated the content of acetate and butyrate in feces (P < 0.05). Moreover, FR enhanced gut microbial richness and the abundance of fiber-degrading bacteria such as Clostridium butyricum and Lactobacillus amylovorus. Correlation analyses indicated dietary fiber in FR was associated with improvements in immune status, intestinal permeability and the level of butyrate-producing microbe C. butyricum, which was also verified by the in vitro fermentation analysis. These findings provided an experimental and theoretical basis for the application of fermented DFRB in finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifa Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zipeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Science, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Corresponding author.
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14
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Solid-state fermentation by Rhizopus oryzae improves flavor of wheat bran for application in food. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Recent Developments in Fermented Cereals on Nutritional Constituents and Potential Health Benefits. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152243. [PMID: 35954011 PMCID: PMC9368413 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentation is one of the most economical and safe methods to improve the nutritional value, sensory quality and functional characteristics of raw materials, and it is also an important method for cereal processing. This paper reviews the effects of microbial fermentation on cereals, focusing on their nutritional value and health benefits, including the effects of fermentation on the protein, starch, phenolic compounds contents, and other nutrient components of cereals. The bioactive compounds produced by fermented cereals have positive effects on health regulation. Finally, the future market development of fermented cereal products is summarized and prospected.
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16
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Su W, Jiang Z, Wang C, Xu B, Lu Z, Wang F, Zong X, Jin M, Wang Y. Dynamics of defatted rice bran in physicochemical characteristics, microbiota and metabolic functions during two-stage co-fermentation. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 362:109489. [PMID: 34823081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Defatted rice bran (DFRB) is an inexpensive and easily available agricultural byproduct. Existence of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), high fiber and low protein content, susceptible to oxidation and rancidity make DFRB currently underutilized. In this study, Bacillus subtilis with high enzyme activities, Saccharomyces cerevisiae with high single-cell proteins concentration and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum with excellent acid secreting capacity were screened to co-fermented DFRB with phytase, and multiple physicochemical analyses combined with high-throughput sequencing were applied to provide insights into the dynamics of the physicochemical characteristics and the complex microbiome during the two-stage co-fermentation of DFRB. The results showed that co-fermentation effectively improved the nutritional value by degrading ANFs (trypsin inhibitors and phytic acid), fiber (acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber) and allergenic protein, and increasing the trichloroacetic acid soluble protein, amino acids and organic acid. In addition, co-fermentation prevented lipid oxidation by enhancing antioxidant activity and reducing the activity of lipase and lipoxygenase. High-throughput sequencing results suggested that co-fermentation optimized microbial community of DFRB by increasing desirable Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Saccharomyces and Talaromyces and reducing undesirable bacteria (Enterobacter and Pseudomonas) and animal and plant-pathogenic fungi (Blumeria, Alternaria, Fusarium, etc.). Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were adopted to predict microbial metabolic functions and metabolic pathways during whole DFRB co-fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifa Su
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Zipeng Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Cheng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Bocheng Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Fengqin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Xin Zong
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Yizhen Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhang Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
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17
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Toor BS, Kaur A, Kaur J. Fermentation of Legumes with
Rhizopus Oligosporus
: Effect on Physicochemical, Functional and Microstructural properties. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amarjeet Kaur
- Department of Food Science & Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Food Science & Technology Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
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18
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Wang N, Cui X, Duan Y, Yang S, Wang P, Saleh ASM, Xiao Z. Potential health benefits and food applications of rice bran protein: research advances and challenges. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2013253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaotong Cui
- College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yumin Duan
- College of Grain Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shu Yang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Grain Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ahmed S. M. Saleh
- College of Grain Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Zhigang Xiao
- College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- College of Grain Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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19
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Solid State Fermentation as a Tool to Stabilize and Improve Nutritive Value of Fruit and Vegetable Discards: Effect on Nutritional Composition, In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Organic Matter Digestibility. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061653. [PMID: 34199410 PMCID: PMC8227021 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A huge quantity of fruits and vegetables are wasted every year, having a negative impact in both the economy and the environment. Valorizing them as animals’ feeds would contribute to reduce feeding cost and, at the same time, would be in the interest of prevention of resource wastage and better economy of the processing plants. The aim of this study was, on the one side, to transform fruit and vegetable discards using solid state fermentation (SSF) to a stabilized product enriched in protein and, on the other side, to evaluate its suitability for ruminants feeding by determining the in vitro organic matter digestibility, fermentation characteristics and methane production of the control and the fermented product. As a result, it was found that SSF reduced the organic matter and reducing sugar content of the fermented product, while crude protein and fiber fractions were increased. In conclusion, SSF led to a stabilized feed ingredient enriched in protein, but at the expense of digestibility reduction. Abstract This research aimed to evaluate in vitro organic matter digestibility, fermentation characteristics and methane production of fruit and vegetable discards processed by solid state fermentation (SSF) by Rhizopus sp. Mixtures were composed of approximately 28% citric fruits, 35% other fruits and 37% vegetables. Fruit and vegetables were processed and fermented to obtain a stabilized product. Nutritional characterization and in vitro ruminal fermentation tests were performed to determine the effect of fungal bioconversion on digestibility, end products and gas production kinetics. Results indicate that SSF reduced organic matter and reducing sugars, while it increased crude protein and neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent insoluble protein. The in vitro gas production showed that SSF led to a reduction of the organic matter digestibility (p < 0.001), short chain fatty acids (SCFA; p = 0.003) and CH4 (p = 0.002). SSF reduced the gas production from the insoluble fraction (p = 0.001), without modifying the production rate (p = 0.676) or the lag time (p = 0.574). Regarding SCFA profile, SSF increased acetic (p = 0.020) and decreased propionic (p = 0.004) and butyric (p = 0.006) acids proportions, increasing acetic to propionic (p = 0.008) and acetic plus butyric to propionic (p = 0.011) ratios. SSF succeeded in obtaining a stabilized material enriched in protein, but at the expense of a reduction of protein availability and organic matter digestibility. These changes should be considered before including them in a ruminant’s rations.
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Ranjan A, Kumar S, Sahu NP, Jain KK, Deo AD. Exogenous phytase and xylanase supplementation of formulated diets for rohu (Labeo rohita): impact on haematology, histology and IGF I gene expression. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:49-58. [PMID: 33099718 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to delineate the effect of exogenous enzyme supplementation of fermented or non-fermented de-oiled rice bran (DORB) on haematology, histology and expression of IGF I gene expression of Labeo rohita. Four test diets, namely, T1 (DORB), T2 (fermented DORB), T3 (DORB+exogenous enzyme) and T4 (fermented DORB+exogenous enzyme) were formulated and fed to the L. rohita for a period of 60 days. The test diets T3 and T4 were supplemented with 0.1 g kg-1 xylanase (16,000 U kg-1) and 0.1 g kg-1 phytase (500 U kg-1) enzymes. A total of 120 juveniles of L. rohita (average weight 5.01 ± 0.02 g) were stocked in 12 rectangular tanks with 10 fish per tank in triplicates. At the end of the experiment, haematology, histology and IGF I gene expression of the different groups were analysed. The haemoglobin (Hb) content, RBC count and WBC count of L. rohita varied significantly (p < 0.05) among different groups. T3 diet-fed group had the highest Hb content, RBC count and WBC count as compared to the other groups. The MCV content was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in T3 group. The DORB type, exogenous enzyme supplementation and their interaction have no significant (p > 0.05) effect on MCH, MCHC and lymphocyte content of the cultured fish. The group which were fed T3 diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher IGF-I gene expression as compared to other groups. The histological examination of liver revealed no pathological alteration of this organ. Similarly, there were no pathological changes observed in intestinal tissue in any dietary treatment group. Based on the findings of the present study, it is concluded that exogenous enzyme supplementation of DORB-based diets improves the physiological status and growth performances of Labeo rohita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Ranjan
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Panch Marg, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India.
- Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, OMR Campus, Vaniyanchavadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India.
| | - Sarvendra Kumar
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Panch Marg, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Narottam Prasad Sahu
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Panch Marg, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Kamal Kant Jain
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Panch Marg, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Ashutosh Dharmendra Deo
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Panch Marg, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
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21
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Kumari N, Bansal S. Production and characterization of a novel, thermotolerant fungal phytase from agro-industrial byproducts for cattle feed. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:865-879. [PMID: 33387113 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-03069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The application of phytases helps in releasing bound phosphorus and other nutrients in cattle feed eventually reducing the need for supplementations. However, high production cost owing to the unavailability of cheaper sources of phytases has limited their usage in developing countries. Herein, firstly isolation, identification of a phytase from fungal isolate, Aspergillus niger NT7 was carried out followed by optimizing of all production parameters, through solid-state fermentation (SSF). Secondly, crude phytase was characterized and potential applicability of crude phytase was evaluated for dephytinization of wheat bran. RESULTS The highest phytase production (208.30 ± 0.22 U/gds) was achieved using wheat bran as cheap agro-industrial substrate for SSF. The various physiological parameters were optimized including inoculum age and level (3-day old inoculum and 15 × 107 spores/ml), temperature (35 °C), a moistening agent (distilled water), medium pH (5), and supplementation of various biochemicals like sugar (Mannitol), nitrogen (ammonium sulphate) and detergent (Tween 80). Process optimization through one variable at a time (OVAT) approach increased the difference in productivity to more than 200%. The crude phytase of A. niger NT7 was thermostable, with optimal activity at 60 °C and also displayed optimal activity over a broad range of acidic pH. Further, enhancement in phytase activity was found specifically in the presence of Ca2+, Zn2+, and Co2+ ions, while other metal ions including Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Mg2+and Cu2+ inhibited its activity. Finally, the phytase showed efficient and sustained release of inorganic phosphate, proteins, and reducing sugars (> 60 h) from livestock feed. CONCLUSION Overall, our report highlights the production of an efficient and thermotolerant phytase with potential as a low-cost animal feed supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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22
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Jan A, Sood M, Younis K, Islam RU. Brown rice based weaning food treated with gamma irradiation evaluated during storage. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Valorising Agro-industrial Wastes within the Circular Bioeconomy Concept: the Case of Defatted Rice Bran with Emphasis on Bioconversion Strategies. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation6020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The numerous environmental problems caused by the extensive use of fossil resources have led to the formation of the circular bioeconomy concept. Renewable resources will constitute the cornerstone of this new, sustainable model, with biomass presenting a huge potential for the production of fuels and chemicals. In this context, waste and by-product streams from the food industry will be treated not as “wastes” but as resources. Rice production generates various by-product streams which currently are highly unexploited, leading to environmental problems especially in the countries that are the main producers. The main by-product streams include the straw, the husks, and the rice bran. Among these streams, rice bran finds applications in the food industry and cosmetics, mainly due to its high oil content. The high demand for rice bran oil generates huge amounts of defatted rice bran (DRB), the main by-product of the oil extraction process. The sustainable utilisation of this by-product has been a topic of research, either as a food additive or via its bioconversion into value-added products and chemicals. This review describes all the processes involved in the efficient bioconversion of DRB into biotechnological products. The detailed description of the production process, yields and productivities, as well as strains used for the production of bioethanol, lactic acid and biobutanol, among others, are discussed.
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Kumar S, Sahu NP, Ranjan A, Gupta S, Deo AD. Physio-metabolic and haematological changes of Labeo rohita fed with graded level of de-oiled rice bran-based diet. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:265-275. [PMID: 31656978 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A 60-day feeding trial was conducted with six experimental diets containing 260 g/kg crude protein and 70 g/kg lipid with varying level of de-oiled rice bran (DORB), viz., 33 (T33), 38 (T38), 43 (T43), 48 (T48), 53 (T53) and 58% (T58) to assess the digestive, metabolic and haematological responses in Labeo rohita. One hundred and eighty (180) fingerlings with ten fish per tank having an average weight of 9.8 ± 0.5 g were randomly distributed within six treatments in triplicates following a completely randomised design. The amylase and lipase activities in the whole intestine did not vary significantly (P > 0.05), but protease activity varied significantly with respect to DORB level in the diet. At higher (53 and 58%) inclusion level of DORB, the protease activities were lower. T33, T38 and T43 groups showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity compared to the other groups, whereas lowest activity was recorded in the group fed with highest inclusion level (58%). The oxidative stress enzyme like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione-S-transferase exhibited significantly higher activities in liver of T58 group of L. rohita. However, the activity of catalase and SOD showed no significant variation in gill tissue. The haematological parameter values such as red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) were lower in the highest DORB fed group (T58) as compared to their lower DORB inclusion counterparts. No change in NBT value was recorded irrespective of DORB inclusion level in the diet. Hence, from these results, it can be concluded that the dietary inclusion of DORB up to 43% in the diet of L. rohita at 26% crude protein and 7% lipid level is best for the optimal activity of digestive, metabolic and haematological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvendra Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
- College of Fisheries Science Gumla, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 834 006, India
| | - N P Sahu
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India.
| | - Amit Ranjan
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Subodh Gupta
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - Ashutosh D Deo
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
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