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Gui S, Ni J, Mizutani S, Shigematsu N, Nakanishi H, Kashiwazaki H, Wu Z. A mixture of extracts from natural ingredients reduces the neurotoxic polarization of microglia via modulating NF-κB/NF-E2-related factor 2 activation. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3745-3758. [PMID: 38726426 PMCID: PMC11077187 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurotoxic microglia-provoked neuroinflammation is implicated in cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Supplementation with Ginkgo biloba, phosphatidylserine, Curcuma longa, and propolis is reported to improve the cognitive functions of elderly people; however, the underlying mechanisms of this combination of natural ingredients are unknown. We investigated the effects of a mixture of extracts from propolis, Coffea arabica, Gotu kola, phosphatidylserine, Ginkgo biloba, and Curcuma longa (mixture) on microglia polarization after exposure to amyloid β1-42 (Aβ1-42, 1 μM) and lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis (PgLPS, 1 μg/mL), using MG6 and BV2 microglial cells. Exposure to Aβ1-42 and PgLPS (AL) raised the mRNA expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, nuclear translocation of p65 NF-κB in MG6 cells and BV2 cells, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in MG6 cells. The mixture dramatically suppressed the mRNA expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, but significantly promoted that of IL-10, TGFβ1, and BDNF in AL-exposed MG6 and BV2 cells. Furthermore, the mixture significantly suppressed the nuclear translocation of p65 NF-κB but significantly promoted that of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in AL-exposed MG6 and BV2 cells. Furthermore, the mixture significantly ameliorated mitochondrial ROS production but increased mitochondrial membrane potential in MG6 cells. These observations strongly suggest that the mixture demotes the neuropathic polarization of microglia by modulating NF-κB/Nrf2 activation and improving mitochondrial functions. This study supplies the potential mechanisms of the efficacy of a combination of natural ingredients that can be applied in the prevention of cognitive decline in AD and aging by targeting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuge Gui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental ScienceKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Shinsuke Mizutani
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry and Perioperative Medicine in Dentistry, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental ScienceKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Norihiro Shigematsu
- Yamada Institute for Health Science, R & D DepartmentYamada Bee Company, Inc.OkayamaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of PharmacyYasuda Women's UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Haruhiko Kashiwazaki
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry and Perioperative Medicine in Dentistry, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental ScienceKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Zhou Wu
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental ScienceKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental ScienceKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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Peng Y, Zhou C. Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Identify the Potential Mechanism and Therapeutic Role of Scutellaria baicalensis in Alzheimer's Disease. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1199-1219. [PMID: 38645989 PMCID: PMC11032720 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s450739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Scutellaria baicalensis, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb renowned for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor properties, has shown promise in alleviating cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease. Nonetheless, the exact neuroprotective mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis against Alzheimer's disease remains unclear. In this study, network pharmacology was employed to explore the possible mechanisms by which Scutellaria baicalensis protects against Alzheimer's disease. Methods The active compounds of Scutellaria baicalensis were retrieved from the TCMSP database, and their corresponding targets were identified. Alzheimer's disease-related targets were obtained through searches in the GeneCards and OMIM databases. Cytoscape 3.6.0 software was utilized to construct a regulatory network illustrating the "active ingredient-target" relationships. Subsequently, the target genes affected by Scutellaria baicalensis in the context of Alzheimer's disease were input into the String database to establish a PPI network. GO analysis and KEGG analysis were conducted using the DAVID database to predict the potential pathways associated with these key targets. Following this, the capacity of these active ingredients to bind to core targets was confirmed through molecular docking. In vitro experiments were then carried out for further validation. Results A total of 36 active ingredients from Scutellaria baicalensis were screened out, which corresponded to 365 targets. Molecular docking results demonstrated the robust binding abilities of Baicalein, Wogonin, and 5,2'-Dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone to key target proteins (SRC, PIK3R1, and STAT3). In vitro experiments showed that the active components of Scutellaria baicalensis can inhibit STAT3 expression by downregulating the PIK3R1/SRC pathway in Neuro 2A cells. Conclusion In summary, these findings collectively suggest that Scutellaria baicalensis holds promise as a viable treatment option for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Peng
- Department of Function, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chanjuan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Cassani L, Silva A, Carpena M, Pellegrini MC, García-Pérez P, Grosso C, Barroso MF, Simal-Gandara J, Gómez-Zavaglia A, Prieto MA. Phytochemical compounds with promising biological activities from Ascophyllum nodosum extracts using microwave-assisted extraction. Food Chem 2024; 438:138037. [PMID: 38011789 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical-rich antioxidant extracts were obtained from Ascophyllum nodosum (AN) using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Critical extraction factors such as time, pressure, and ethanol concentration were optimized by response surface methodology with a circumscribed central composite design. Under the optimal MAE conditions (3 min, 10.4 bar, 46.8 % ethanol), the maximum recovery of phytochemical compounds (polyphenols and fucoxanthin) with improved antioxidant activity from AN was obtained. In addition, the optimized AN extract showed significant biological activities as it was able to scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, inhibit central nervous system-related enzymes, and exhibit cytotoxic activity against different cancer cell lines. In addition, the optimized AN extract showed antimicrobial, and anti-quorum sensing activities, indicating that this extract could offer direct and indirect protection against infection by pathogenic microorganisms. This work demonstrated that the sustainably obtained AN extract could be an emerging, non-toxic, and natural ingredient with potential to be included in different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Cassani
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA) - CITEXVI, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Aurora Silva
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA) - CITEXVI, 36310 Vigo, Spain; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Carpena
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA) - CITEXVI, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - María Celeste Pellegrini
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería en Alimentos (GIIA), Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de alimentos y ambiente (INCITAA, CIC-UNMDP), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, B7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Pascual García-Pérez
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA) - CITEXVI, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Fátima Barroso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA) - CITEXVI, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Andrea Gómez-Zavaglia
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata), RA1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Miguel A Prieto
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA) - CITEXVI, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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Moreira J, Machado M, Dias-Teixeira M, Ferraz R, Delerue-Matos C, Grosso C. The neuroprotective effect of traditional Chinese medicinal plants-A critical review. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3208-3237. [PMID: 37655317 PMCID: PMC10465969 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases are increasingly affecting individuals' quality of life, thus increasing their cost to social and health systems. These diseases have overlapping mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, protein aggregation, neuroinflammation, neurotransmission impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, and excitotoxicity. Currently, there is no cure for neurodegenerative diseases, and the available therapies have adverse effects and low efficacy. For neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, the current therapies are not adequate to one-third of the patients, the so-called treatment-resistant patients. So, searching for new treatments is fundamental. Medicinal plants appear as a strong alternative and complement towards new treatment protocols, as they have been used for health purposes for thousands of years. Thus, the main goal of this review is to revisit the neuroprotective potential of some of the most predominant medicinal plants (and one fungus) used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), focusing on their proven mechanisms of action and their chemical compositions, to give clues on how they can be useful against neurodegeneration progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Moreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
| | - Mariana Machado
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas/CISA, Escola Superior de Saúde—Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
| | - Mónica Dias-Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
- NICiTeS—Núcleo de Investigação em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Escola Superior de Saúde Ribeiro Sanches, Lisboa 1950-396, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas/CISA, Escola Superior de Saúde—Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
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Lourenço-Lopes C, Silva A, Garcia-Oliveira P, Soria-Lopez A, Echave J, Grosso C, Cassani L, Barroso MF, Simal-Gandara J, Fraga-Corral M, Prieto MA. Kinetic Extraction of Fucoxanthin from Undaria pinnatifida Using Ethanol as a Solvent. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:414. [PMID: 37504945 PMCID: PMC10381705 DOI: 10.3390/md21070414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (Fx) has been proven to exert numerous biological properties, which makes it an interesting molecule with diverse industrial applications. In this study, the kinetic behavior of Fx was studied to optimize three variables: time (t-3 min to 7 days), temperature (T-5 to 85 °C), and concentration of ethanol in water (S-50 to 100%, v/v), in order to obtain the best Fx yield from Undaria pinnatifida using conventional heat extraction. The Fx content (Y1) was found through HPLC-DAD and expressed in µg Fx/g of algae sample dry weight (AS dw). Furthermore, extraction yield (Y2) was also found through dry weight analysis and was expressed in mg extract (E)/g AS dw. The purity of the extracts (Y3) was found and expressed in mg Fx/g E dw. The optimal conditions selected for Y1 were T = 45 °C, S = 70%, and t = 66 min, obtaining ~5.24 mg Fx/g AS; for Y2 were T = 65 °C, S = 60%, and t = ~10 min, obtaining ~450 mg E/g AS; and for Y3 were T = 45 °C, S = 70%, and t = 45 min, obtaining ~12.3 mg Fx/g E. In addition, for the selected optimums, a full screening of pigments was performed by HPLC-DAD, while phenolics and flavonoids were quantified by spectrophotometric techniques and several biological properties were evaluated (namely, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cholinesterase inhibitory activity). These results could be of interest for future applications in the food, cosmetic, or pharmaceutical industries, as they show the Fx kinetic behavior and could help reduce costs associated with energy and solvent consumption while maximizing the extraction yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Lourenço-Lopes
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain (L.C.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Aurora Silva
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain (L.C.); (J.S.-G.)
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.); (M.F.B.)
| | - Paula Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain (L.C.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Anton Soria-Lopez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain (L.C.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Javier Echave
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain (L.C.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.); (M.F.B.)
| | - Lucia Cassani
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain (L.C.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Maria Fatima Barroso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.); (M.F.B.)
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain (L.C.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Maria Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain (L.C.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain (L.C.); (J.S.-G.)
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Pasdaran A, Hassani B, Tavakoli A, Kozuharova E, Hamedi A. A Review of the Potential Benefits of Herbal Medicines, Small Molecules of Natural Sources, and Supplements for Health Promotion in Lupus Conditions. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1589. [PMID: 37511964 PMCID: PMC10416186 DOI: 10.3390/life13071589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Latin word lupus, meaning wolf, was in the medical literature prior to the 1200s to describe skin lesions that devour flesh, and the resources available to physicians to help people were limited. The present text reviews the ethnobotanical and pharmacological aspects of medicinal plants and purified molecules from natural sources with efficacy against lupus conditions. Among these molecules are artemisinin and its derivatives, antroquinonol, baicalin, curcumin, emodin, mangiferin, salvianolic acid A, triptolide, the total glycosides of paeony (TGP), and other supplements such as fatty acids and vitamins. In addition, medicinal plants, herbal remedies, mushrooms, and fungi that have been investigated for their effects on different lupus conditions through clinical trials, in vivo, in vitro, or in silico studies are reviewed. A special emphasis was placed on clinical trials, active phytochemicals, and their mechanisms of action. This review can be helpful for researchers in designing new goal-oriented studies. It can also help practitioners gain insight into recent updates on supplements that might help patients suffering from lupus conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Pasdaran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran;
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
| | - Bahareh Hassani
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran;
| | - Ali Tavakoli
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran;
| | - Ekaterina Kozuharova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran;
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
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Liu J, Meng J, Li R, Jiang H, Fu L, Xu T, Zhu GY, Zhang W, Gao J, Jiang ZH, Yang ZF, Bai LP. Integrated network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking, LC-MS analysis and bioassays revealed the potential active ingredients and underlying mechanism of Scutellariae radix for COVID-19. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:988655. [PMID: 36186074 PMCID: PMC9520067 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.988655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Scutellariae radix ("Huang-Qin" in Chinese) is a well-known traditional herbal medicine and popular dietary supplement in the world, extensively used in prescriptions of TCMs as adjuvant treatments for coronavirus pneumonia 2019 (COVID-19) patients in China. According to the differences in its appearance, Scutellariae radix can be classified into two kinds: ZiQin (1∼3 year-old Scutellariae baicalensis with hard roots) and KuQin (more than 3 year-old S. baicalensis with withered pithy roots). In accordance with the clinical theory of TCM, KuQin is superior to ZiQin in cooling down the heat in the lung. However, the potential active ingredients and underlying mechanisms of Scutellariae radix for the treatment of COVID-19 remain largely unexplored. It is still not clear whether there is a difference in the curative effect of ZiQin and KuQin for the treatment of COVID-19. In this research, network pharmacology, LC-MS based plant metabolomics, and in vitro bioassays were integrated to explore both the potential active components and mechanism of Scutellariae radix for the treatment of COVID-19. As the results, network pharmacology combined with molecular docking analysis indicated that Scutellariae radix primarily regulates the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways via active components such as baicalein and scutellarin, and blocks SARS-CoV-2 spike binding to human ACE2 receptors. In vitro bioassays showed that baicalein and scutellarein exhibited more potent anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious effects than baicalin, the component with the highest content in Scutellariae radix. Moreover, baicalein inhibited SARS-CoV-2's entry into Vero E6 cells with an IC50 value of 142.50 μM in a plaque formation assay. Taken together, baicalein was considered to be the most crucial active component of Scutellariae radix for the treatment of COVID-19 by integrative analysis. In addition, our bioassay study revealed that KuQin outperforms ZiQin in the treatment of COVID-19. Meanwhile, plant metabolomics revealed that baicalein was the compound with the most significant increase in KuQin compared to ZiQin, implying the primary reason for the superiority of KuQin over ZiQin in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jieru Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Runfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jin Gao
- Increasepharm (Hengqin) Institute Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zi-Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Ping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
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Fucoxanthin’s Optimization from Undaria pinnatifida Using Conventional Heat Extraction, Bioactivity Assays and In Silico Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071296. [PMID: 35883788 PMCID: PMC9311727 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown macroalgae are a potential source of natural pigments. Among them, Undaria pinnatifida is recognized for its high concentration of fucoxanthin (Fx), which is a pigment with a wide range of bioactivities. In this study, three independent parameters were optimized for conventional heat extraction (CHE) to maximize the recovery of Fx from Undaria pinnatifida. Optimal conditions (temperature = 45 °C, solvent = 70%, and time = 61 min) extracted 5.1 mg Fx/g dw. Later, the bioactivities of the Fx-rich extracts (antioxidant, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective) were assessed using in vitro and in silico approaches. In vitro assays indicated that Fx has a strong antioxidant capacity and even stronger antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria. This data was supported in silico where Fx established a high binding affinity to DR, a Staphylococcus aureus protein, through aa ALA-8, LEU-21, and other alkane interactions. Finally, the in vitro enzymatic inhibition of AChE using Fx, was further supported using docking models that displayed Fx as having a high affinity for aa TYR72 and THR 75; therefore, the Fx extraction behavior explored in this work may reduce the costs associated with energy and solvent consumption. Moreover, this paper demonstrates the efficiency of CHE when recovering high amounts of Fx from Undaria pinnatifida. Furthermore, these findings can be applied in different industries.
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Fernandes F, Barroso MF, De Simone A, Emriková E, Dias-Teixeira M, Pereira JP, Chlebek J, Fernandes VC, Rodrigues F, Andrisano V, Delerue-Matos C, Grosso C. Multi-target neuroprotective effects of herbal medicines for Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 290:115107. [PMID: 35176467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, but its treatment options remain few and ineffective. To find new therapeutic strategies, natural products have gained interest due to their neuroprotective potential, being able to target different pathological hallmarks associated with this disorder. Several plant species are traditionally used due to their empirical neuroprotective effects and it is worth to explore their mechanism of action. AIM OF THE STUDY This study intended to explore the neuroprotective potential of seven traditional medicinal plants, namely Scutellaria baicalensis, Ginkgo biloba, Hypericum perforatum, Curcuma longa, Lavandula angustifolia, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Rosmarinus officinalis. The safety assessment with reference to pesticides residues was also aimed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Decoctions prepared from these species were chemically characterized by HPLC-DAD and screened for their ability to scavenge four different free radicals (DPPH•, ABTS•+, O2•‒ and •NO) and to inhibit enzymes related to neurodegeneration (cholinesterases and glycogen synthase kinase-3β). Cell viability through MTT assay was also evaluated in two different brain cell lines, namely non-tumorigenic D3 human brain endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) and NSC-34 motor neurons. Furthermore, and using GC, 21 pesticides residues were screened. RESULTS Regarding chemical composition, chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of several flavonoids, phenolic acids, curcuminoids, phenolic diterpenoids, one alkaloid and one naphthodianthrone in the seven decoctions. All extracts were able to scavenge free radicals and were moderate glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitors; however, they displayed weak to moderate acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition. G. biloba and L. angustifolia decoctions were the less cytotoxic to hCMEC/D3 and NSC-34 cell lines. No pesticides residues were detected. CONCLUSIONS The results extend the knowledge on the potential use of plant extracts to combat multifactorial disorders, giving new insights into therapeutic avenues for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Fátima Barroso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Angela De Simone
- Department of Drug Science and Technology University of Turin, via P.Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Eliška Emriková
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Mónica Dias-Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal; NICiTeS-Núcleo de Investigação em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Escola Superior de Saúde Ribeiro Sanches, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Paulo Pereira
- NICiTeS-Núcleo de Investigação em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Escola Superior de Saúde Ribeiro Sanches, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jakub Chlebek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Virgínia Cruz Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal.
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Erskine E, Gültekin Subaşı B, Vahapoglu B, Capanoglu E. Coffee Phenolics and Their Interaction with Other Food Phenolics: Antagonistic and Synergistic Effects. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1595-1601. [PMID: 35071855 PMCID: PMC8772327 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to its strong aroma and stimulating effect, coffee is the most consumed beverage worldwide, following water. Apart from being a luscious food product, its contents of high phenolic compounds dominated by chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and their derivatives have caused coffee to be consumed by individuals at higher ratios and have also encouraged the number of varying research studies for its health-promoting properties. However, it should be noted that these desirable beneficial actions of coffee phenolics are in dynamic behaviors, highly dependent on the roasting process parameters and presence of different types of phenolic compounds in the media. Interactions between coffee phenolics and other phenols might end up with induced or reduced biological activities, which is called synergism or antagonism, respectively. In this paper, bioactive properties such as antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and chelating power are reviewed in terms of synergism and antagonism of coffee phenolics and other bioactive compounds that are introduced into the matrix, such as cacao, ginger, cinnamon, willow bark, cardamom, and chili pepper. Furthermore, how these properties are affected after in vitro digestion and potential reasons for the outcomes are also briefly discussed with the aim of providing a better understanding of these interactions for the food industry. Revealing the synergistic and antagonistic interactions of the phenolics between coffee and different ingredients in a food matrix and their effects on bioactivity mechanisms is not only important for scientific studies but also for conscious food consumption of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Erskine
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Büşra Gültekin Subaşı
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
- Hafik
Kamer Ornek MYO, Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Beyza Vahapoglu
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Zengin G, Mahomoodally MF, Aktumsek A, Jekő J, Cziáky Z, Rodrigues MJ, Custodio L, Polat R, Cakilcioglu U, Ayna A, Gallo M, Montesano D, Picot-Allain C. Chemical Profiling and Biological Evaluation of Nepeta baytopii Extracts and Essential Oil: An Endemic Plant from Turkey. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061176. [PMID: 34207852 PMCID: PMC8228258 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nepeta baytopii is a poorly studied, endemic Nepeta species (Lamiaceae) of Turkey. For the first time, the biological activities (antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxicity properties) of the hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, water/methanol, and water extracts and essential oil prepared from N. baytopii aerial parts were assessed. Hydro-methanol (41.25 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g) and water extracts (50.30 mg GAE/g), respectively showed the highest radical scavenging (94.40 and 129.22 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g, for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging assays) and reducing (229.37 and 129.55 mg TE/g, for ferric-reducing antioxidant power and cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity assays) capacities in vitro. An interestingly high inhibition was observed for ethyl acetate extract against butyrylcholinesterase (10.85 mg galantamine equivalent/g). The methanol extract showed high cytotoxicity (31.7%) against HepG2 cells. Caryophyllene oxide was identified in high concentrations in the essential oil (39.3%). Luteolin and apigenin and their derivatives were identified from the methanol and water extracts. The results obtained from this study highlighted that the abundance of highly bioactive compounds from Nepeta baytopii ensures the multiple biological activities of the tested extracts, and this suggests a potential use in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields, and therefore should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya 42130, Turkey; (G.Z.); (A.A.)
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius; (M.F.M.); (C.P.-A.)
| | - Abdurrahman Aktumsek
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya 42130, Turkey; (G.Z.); (A.A.)
| | - József Jekő
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, 4405 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (J.J.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zoltán Cziáky
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, 4405 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (J.J.); (Z.C.)
| | - Maria João Rodrigues
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.J.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Luisa Custodio
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.J.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Rıdvan Polat
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bingol University, Bingöl 12000, Turkey;
| | - Ugur Cakilcioglu
- Department of Botany, Pertek Sakine Genç Vocational School, Munzur University, Tunceli 62000, Turkey;
| | - Adnan Ayna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Bingol University, Bingöl 12000, Turkey;
| | - Monica Gallo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (D.M.)
| | - Domenico Montesano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (D.M.)
| | - Carene Picot-Allain
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius; (M.F.M.); (C.P.-A.)
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