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Li J, Hu H, Chen X, Zhu H, Zhang W, Tai Z, Yu X, He Q. A novel ACE inhibitory peptide from Douchi hydrolysate: Stability, inhibition mechanism, and antihypertensive potential in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Chem 2024; 460:140734. [PMID: 39106751 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) regulates blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin system. Douchi, a traditional fermented soybean condiment, may have antihypertensive effects, but research on ACE inhibitory peptides from Douchi hydrolysates is limited. We hypothesized that enzymatic treatment could enhance ACE inhibitory peptide diversity and efficacy. We tested ten single enzymes and four combinations, finding pepsin-trypsin-chymotrypsin most effective. Hydrolysates were purified using Sephadex G-15 and reversed-phase HPLC, and peptides were identified via LC-MS/MS. Five peptides (LF, VVF, VGAW, GLFG, NGK) were identified, with VGAW as the most potent ACE inhibitor (IC50 46.6 ± 5.2 μM) showing excellent thermal and pH stability. Lineweaver-Burk plots confirmed competitive inhibition, and molecular docking revealed eight hydrogen bonds between VGAW and ACE. In hypertensive rats, VGAW significantly reduced blood pressure at 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg. These findings highlight Douchi as a source of ACE inhibitory peptides and suggest VGAW as a promising functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Li
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Haohan Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiya Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Haiting Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhiyuan Tai
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiaodong Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qiyi He
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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2
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Li J, Hu H, Chen F, Yang C, Yang W, Pan Y, Yu X, He Q. Characterization, mechanisms, structure-activity relationships, and antihypertensive effects of ACE inhibitory peptides: rapid screening from sufu hydrolysate. Food Funct 2024; 15:9224-9234. [PMID: 39158526 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo02834a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the characterization, mechanisms of action, structure-activity relationships, and in vivo antihypertensive effects of ACE inhibitory peptides derived from sufu hydrolysate following simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Sufu was enzymatically digested using pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin to mimic gastrointestinal conditions, followed by ultrafiltration to fractionate the peptides based on molecular weight. The fraction under 1 kDa exhibited the highest ACE inhibitory activity. LC-MS/MS analysis identified 119 peptide fragments, with bioinformatics screening highlighting 41 peptides with potential ACE inhibitory properties. Among these, two peptides, AWR and LLR, were selected and synthesized for in vitro validation, displaying IC50 values of 98.04 ± 2.56 μM and 94.01 ± 5.07 μM, respectively. Stability tests showed that both peptides maintained their ACE inhibitory activity across various temperatures and pH levels. Molecular docking and Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital analysis indicated strong binding interactions between these peptides and ACE, with the second-position tryptophan in AWR and the N-terminal leucine in LLR identified as key bioactive sites. These findings were further supported by molecular dynamics simulations, which confirmed the stability of the peptide-ACE complexes. In vivo studies using spontaneously hypertensive rats demonstrated significant reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, indicating that AWR and LLR have strong antihypertensive potential. This study illustrates that ultrafiltration, combined with LC-MS/MS and bioinformatics analysis, is an effective approach for the rapid screening of ACE inhibitory peptides. These results not only enhance our understanding of sufu-derived peptides but also offer promising implications for hypertension management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Li
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Haohan Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Chenying Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Wanzhou Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Yuexin Pan
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Xiaodong Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Qiyi He
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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3
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Zhu Y, Chen C, Dai Z, Wang H, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Xue Y, Shen Q. Identification, screening and molecular mechanisms of natural stable angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from foxtail millet protein hydrolysates: a combined in silico and in vitro study. Food Funct 2024; 15:7782-7793. [PMID: 38967438 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01992j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The stability of bioactive peptides under various food processing conditions is the basis for their use in industrial manufacturing. This study aimed to identify natural ACE inhibitors with excellent stability and investigate their physicochemical properties and putative molecular mechanisms. Five novel ACE inhibitory peptides (QDPLFPL, FPGVSPF, SPAQLLPF, LVPYRP, and WYWPQ) were isolated and identified using RP-HPLC and Nano LC-MS/MS with foxtail millet protein hydrolysates as the raw material. These peptides are non-toxic and exhibit strong ACE inhibitory activity in vitro (IC50 values between 0.13 mg mL-1 and 0.56 mg mL-1). In addition to QDPLFPL, FPGVSPF, SPAQLLPF, LVPYRP, and WYWPQ have excellent human intestinal absorption. Compared to FPGVSPF and SPAQLLPF, the stable helical structure of LVPYRP and WYWPQ allows them to maintain high stability under conditions that mimic gastrointestinal digestion and various food processing (temperatures, pH, sucrose, NaCl, citric acid, sodium benzoate, Cu2+, Zn2+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+). The results of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation suggest that LVPYRP has greater stability and binding capacity to ACE than WYWPQ. LVPYRP might attach to the active pockets (S1, S2, and S1') of ACE via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, then compete with Zn2+ in ACE to demonstrate its ACE inhibitory activity. The binding of LVPYRP to ACE enhances the rearrangement of ACE's active structural domains, with electrostatic and polar solvation energy contributing the most energy to the binding. Our findings suggested that LVPYRP derived from foxtail millet protein hydrolysates has the potential to be incorporated into functional foods to provide antihypertensive benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Zhu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Changyu Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zijian Dai
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Han Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yiyun Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yong Xue
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qun Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Beijing 100083, China.
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Sorokina L, Solberg NT, Koga S, Rønning SB, Afseth NK, Wilson SR, Rieder A, Wubshet SG. In vitro gastrointestinal stability and intestinal absorption of ACE-1 and DPP4 inhibitory peptides from poultry by-product hydrolysates. Food Funct 2024; 15:7364-7374. [PMID: 38912915 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01214c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides derived from food are promising health-promoting ingredients that can be used in functional foods and nutraceutical formulations. In addition to the potency towards the selected therapeutic target, the bioavailability of bioactive peptides is a major factor regarding clinical efficacy. We have previously shown that a low molecular weight peptide fraction (LMWPF) from poultry by-product hydrolysates possesses angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE-1) and dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitory activities. The present study aimed to investigate the bioavailability of the bioactive peptides in the LMWPF. Prior to the investigation of bioavailability, a dipeptide YA was identified from this fraction as a dual inhibitor of ACE-1 and DPP4. Gastrointestinal (GI) stability and intestinal absorption of the bioactive peptides (i.e., YA as well as two previously reported bioactive dipeptides (VL and IY)) in the LMWPF were evaluated using the INFOGEST static in vitro digestion model and intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayer, respectively. Analysis of peptides after in vitro digestion confirmed that the dipeptides were resistant to the simulated GI conditions. After 4 hours of incubation, the concentration of the peptide from the apical side of the Caco-2 cell monolayer showed a significant decrease. However, the corresponding absorbed peptides were not detected on the basolateral side, suggesting that the peptides were not transported across the intestinal monolayer but rather taken up or metabolized by the Caco2 cells. Furthermore, when analyzing the gene expression of the Caco-2 cells upon peptide stimulation, a down-regulation of peptide transporters, the transcription factor CDX2, and the tight junction protein-1 (TJP1) was observed, suggesting the specific effects of the peptides on the Caco-2 cells. The study demonstrated that bioactive dipeptides found in the LMWPF were stable through in vitro GI digestion; however, the overall bioavailability may be hindered by inadequate uptake across the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila Sorokina
- Nofima AS-Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, N-1431 Ås, Norway.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Therese Solberg
- Nofima AS-Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, N-1431 Ås, Norway.
| | - Shiori Koga
- Nofima AS-Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, N-1431 Ås, Norway.
| | - Sissel Beate Rønning
- Nofima AS-Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, N-1431 Ås, Norway.
| | - Nils Kristian Afseth
- Nofima AS-Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, N-1431 Ås, Norway.
| | | | - Anne Rieder
- Nofima AS-Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, N-1431 Ås, Norway.
| | - Sileshi Gizachew Wubshet
- Nofima AS-Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, N-1431 Ås, Norway.
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Terzioğlu ME, Edebali E, Bakirci İ. Investigation of the Elemental Contents, Functional and Nutraceutical Properties of Kefirs Enriched with Spirulina platensis, an Eco-friendly and Alternative Protein Source. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2878-2890. [PMID: 37697135 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of the use of S. platensis, which is presented as an eco-friendly and alternative protein source, in the production of kefir, a probiotic dairy product, on various physicochemical properties as well as FAA, ACE inhibitory activity, proteolysis, TPC, DPPH, ABTS+, and mineral values was investigated. It was observed that the addition of S. platensis at different ratios to the kefir samples had a statistically very significant (p < 0.01) effect on all physicochemical analyses; L. mesenteroides count; all amino acids except isoleucine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid; ACE inhibitory activity, TN, TCAN, TCAN/TN, mM Gly, TPC, DPPH, ABTS+, Na, Mg, K, and Fe. In plain kefir samples, mineral contents were determined by order of K > P > Na > Ca > Mg > Zn >> Fe > Cr > Cr > Mn. Furthermore, a general increase was observed in FAA, ACE inhibitory activity, TPC, DPPH, ABTS+, and mineral values, as well as in the counts of Lactococcus spp. and L. mesenteroides in the samples, depending on the proportion of S. platensis added, compared to plain kefir samples. In this context, it was concluded that the addition of S. platensis to kefir at different rates could meet various components required by the body on a daily basis and result in a nutraceutical product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Emre Terzioğlu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Türkiye.
| | - Ezgi Edebali
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - İhsan Bakirci
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Türkiye
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6
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Chen Q, Nie X, Huang W, Wang C, Lai R, Lu Q, He Q, Yu X. Unlocking the potential of chicken liver byproducts: Identification of antioxidant peptides through in silico approaches and anti-aging effects of a selected peptide in Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132833. [PMID: 38834112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Chicken meat processing generates a substantial number of byproducts, which are either underutilized or improperly disposed. In this study, we employed in silico approaches to identify antioxidant peptides in chicken liver byproducts. Notably, the peptide WYR exhibited remarkable 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity with an IC50 of 0.13 ± 0.01 mg/mL and demonstrated stability under various conditions, including thermal, pH, NaCl, and simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Molecular docking analysis revealed significant hydrogen bonding interactions, while molecular dynamics showed differential stability with ABTS and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). WYR exhibited improved stress resistance, decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and modulated the expression of crucial genes through the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IIS) signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and heat shock transcription factor-1 (HSF-1) pathways. These effects collectively contributed to the extension of Caenorhabditis elegans' lifespan. This study not only provides an effective method for antioxidant peptide analysis but also highlights the potential for enhancing the utilization of poultry byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianzi Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xuekui Nie
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wangxiang Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ren Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, China
| | - Qiumin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, China
| | - Qiyi He
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Xiaodong Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Active Substance and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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7
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Li W, Chen W, Wang J, Zhang Z, Wu D, Liu P, Li Z, Ma H, Yang Y. Revealing the ACE receptor binding properties and interaction mechanisms of salty oligopeptides from Stropharia rugosoannulata mushroom by molecular simulation and antihypertensive evaluation. Food Funct 2024; 15:5527-5538. [PMID: 38700280 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00596a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The salty oligopeptides from Stropharia rugosoannulata have been proven to be potential ACE inhibitors. To investigate the ACE receptor binding properties and interaction mechanisms of salty oligopeptides, the molecular interaction, dynamics simulation, and antihypertensive evaluation cross-validation strategy were employed to reveal the oligopeptides' binding reactions and modes with the ACE receptor. Single oligopeptide (ESPERPFL, KSWDDFFTR) had exothermic and specific binding reactions with the ACE receptor, driven by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. The coexistence of the multiple oligopeptide molecules did not produce the apparent ACE receptor competition binding reactions. The molecular dynamics simulation verified that the two oligopeptides disturbed the ACE receptor's different residue regions. Both oligopeptides could form stable complexes with the ACE receptor. Based on the classification of 50 oligopeptides' binding modes, ESPERPFL and KSWDDFFTR belonged to different classes, and their receptor binding modes and sites complemented, resulting in a potential synergistic effect on ACE inhibition. The antihypertensive effect of KSWDDFFTR and its distribution in the body were evaluated using SHR rats orally and ICR mice by tail vein injection, and KSWDDFFTR had antihypertensive effects within 8 h. The study provides a theoretical basis for understanding salty oligopeptides' ACE receptor binding mechanism and their antihypertensive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Guosen Bio-tech Co. Ltd, Shanghai 201403, China
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Wanchao Chen
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Guosen Bio-tech Co. Ltd, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jinbin Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Guosen Bio-tech Co. Ltd, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Guosen Bio-tech Co. Ltd, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Guosen Bio-tech Co. Ltd, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zhengpeng Li
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Guosen Bio-tech Co. Ltd, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Guosen Bio-tech Co. Ltd, Shanghai 201403, China
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8
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Fang S, Wu J, Niu W, Zhang T, Hong T, Zhang H, Zhan X. Sialylation of dietary mucin modulate its digestibility and the gut microbiota of elderly individuals. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114246. [PMID: 38609225 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Food-derived mucins are glycoproteins rich in sialic acid, but their digestive properties and potential health benefits for humans have been scarcely investigated. In this work, ovomucin (OVM, rich in N-acetylneuraminic acid, about 3 %), porcine small intestinal mucin (PSIM, rich in N-glycolylneuraminic acid, about 1 %), the desialylated OVM (AOVM) and the desialylated PSIM (APSIM) were selected to examine their digestion and their impact on the gut microbiota of elderly individuals. The results shown that, the proportion of low-molecular-weight proteins increased after simulated digestion of these four mucins, with concomitant comparable antioxidant activity observed. Desialylation markedly increased the degradation and digestion rate of mucins. In vitro fecal fermentation was conducted with these mucins using fecal samples from individuals of different age groups: young, low-age and high-age elderly. Fecal fermentation with mucin digestive solution stimulated the production of organic acids in the group with fecal sample of the elderly individuals. Among them, the OVM group demonstrated the most favorable outcomes. The OVM and APSIM groups elevated the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, while diminishing the presence of pathogenic bacteria such as Klebsiella. Conversely, the probiotic effects of AOVM and PSIM were attenuated or even exhibited adverse effects. Hence, mucins originating from different sources and possessing distinct glycosylation patterns exhibit diverse biological functions. Our findings can offer valuable insights for developing a well-balanced and nutritious diet tailored to the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Fang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Wenxuan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tiantian Hong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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9
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Xiang L, Zheng Z, Guo X, Bai R, Zhao R, Chen H, Qiu Z, Qiao X. Two novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from garlic protein: In silico screening, stability, antihypertensive effects in vivo and underlying mechanisms. Food Chem 2024; 435:137537. [PMID: 37797452 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to screen novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from garlic proteins and to explore their underlying antihypertensive mechanisms in vivo. After simulated hydrolysis and in silico screening, two novel peptides (MGR and HDCF) were obtained with the highest ACE inhibitory activity (IC50 of 4.50 μM and 26.38 μM) and acted as competitive inhibitors. They interacted with key residues in the ACE receptor mainly through hydrogen bonding and exhibited excellent stability against high temperature, extreme pH, and gastrointestinal digestion. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, MGR and HDCF effectively lowered blood pressure after single or continuous treatments. This was mainly achieved by balancing the renin-angiotensin system, improving renal and cardiac impairment, and regulating endothelial dysfunction. These findings suggested that garlic proteins were potentially suitable materials to prepare ACE inhibitory peptides and provided two promising candidates for ACE inhibition as functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health in Universities of Shandong, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Zhenjia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health in Universities of Shandong, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health in Universities of Shandong, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Ruoxi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health in Universities of Shandong, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Renjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health in Universities of Shandong, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Haihua Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, PR China
| | - Zhichang Qiu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| | - Xuguang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Health in Universities of Shandong, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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10
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Hu YD, Xi QH, Kong J, Zhao YQ, Chi CF, Wang B. Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme (ACE)-Inhibitory Peptides from the Collagens of Monkfish ( Lophius litulon) Swim Bladders: Isolation, Characterization, Molecular Docking Analysis and Activity Evaluation. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:516. [PMID: 37888451 PMCID: PMC10608021 DOI: 10.3390/md21100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize collagen and angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory (ACEi) peptides from the swim bladders of monkfish (Lophius litulon). Therefore, acid-soluble collagen (ASC-M) and pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC-M) with yields of 4.27 ± 0.22% and 9.54 ± 0.51%, respectively, were extracted from monkfish swim bladders using acid and enzyme methods. The ASC-M and PSC-M contained Gly (325.2 and 314.9 residues/1000 residues, respectively) as the major amino acid, but they had low imino acid content (192.5 and 188.6 residues/1000 residues, respectively) in comparison with collagen from calf skins (CSC) (216.6 residues/1000 residues). The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) patterns and ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrums of ASC-M and PSC-M illustrated that they were mainly composed of type I collagen. Subsequently, three ACEi peptides were isolated from a PSC-M hydrolysate prepared via a double-enzyme system (alcalase + neutrase) and identified as SEGPK (MHP6), FDGPY (MHP7) and SPGPW (MHP9), with molecular weights of 516.5, 597.6 and 542.6 Da, respectively. SEGPK, FDGPY and SPGPW displayed remarkable anti-ACE activity, with IC50 values of 0.63, 0.94 and 0.71 mg/mL, respectively. Additionally, a molecular docking assay demonstrated that the affinities of SEGPK, FDGPY and SPGPW with ACE were -7.3, -10.9 and -9.4 kcal/mol, respectively. The remarkable ACEi activity of SEGPK, FDGPY and SPGPW was due to their connection with the active pockets and/or sites of ACE via hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic force. Moreover, SEGPK, FDGPY and SPGPW could protect HUVECs by controlling levels of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1). Therefore, this work provides an effective means for the preparation of collagens and novel ACEi peptides from monkfish swim bladders, and the prepared ACEi peptides, including SEGPK, FDGPY and SPGPW, could serve as natural functional components in the development of health care products to control hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dong Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Qing-Hao Xi
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yu-Qin Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Chang-Feng Chi
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
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11
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Zhang L, Pan D, Shao L, Zheng Y, Hao W, Kan Y, Cao J, Yu H, Liu J. Oil palm kernel globulin antihypertensive peptides: isolation and characterization, ACE inhibition mechanisms, zinc-chelating activity, security and stability. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1225256. [PMID: 37601067 PMCID: PMC10433220 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1225256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The oil palm kernel (OPK) expeller is the main byproduct of palm oil, but its utilization is limited. Methods: To obtain angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition peptides with Zn-chelating capacity, defatted oil palm kernel globulin hydrolysates (DOPKGH) were subjected to Sephadex G-15 gel electrophoresis, reverse-phase high liquid performance chromatography, and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Results and discussion: Five representative oligopeptides, including Gln-Arg-Leu-Asp-Arg-Cys-Lys (QRLERCK), Leu-Leu-Leu-Gly-Val-Ala-Asn-Tyr-Arg (LLLGVANYR), Arg-Ala-Asp-Val-Phe-Asn-Pro-Arg (RADVFNPR), Arg-Val-Ile-Lys-Tyr-Asn-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser-Gly (RVIKYNGGGSG), and Glu-Val-Pro-Gln-Ala-Tyr-Ile-Pro (EVPQAYIP), without potential toxicity and allergenicity, were identified in DOPKGH. Of these, only EVPQAYIP showed both ACE-inhibitory activity (IC50: 102.75 μmol/L) and Zn-chelating capacity (11.69 mg/g). Molecular docking and inhibition kinetics showed that EVPQAYIP was a competitive inhibitor of ACE because it could bind to Glu384, Lys511, and Gln281 (belonging to the central S1 and S2 pockets, respectively) of ACE. Moreover, EVPQAYIP affects zinc tetrahedral coordination in ACE by binding to Glu411; the amino and carboxyl groups of EVPQAYIP chelate with zinc ions. During gastrointestinal digestion, the ACE inhibitory activity of EVPQAYIP was relatively stable. Additionally, EVPQAYIP enhanced zinc stability in the intestine and exerted antihypertensive effects in spontaneous hypertensive rats. These results suggest the potential application of OPK peptides as ingredients in antihypertensive agents or zinc fortification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yajun Zheng
- Food Science College of Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
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12
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Zhu WY, Wang YM, Ge MX, Wu HW, Zheng SL, Zheng HY, Wang B. Production, identification, in silico analysis, and cytoprotection on H 2O 2-induced HUVECs of novel angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from Skipjack tuna roes. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1197382. [PMID: 37502715 PMCID: PMC10369073 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1197382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exceeding 50% tuna catches are regarded as byproducts in the production of cans. Given the high amount of tuna byproducts and their environmental effects induced by disposal and elimination, the valorization of nutritional ingredients from these by-products receives increasing attention. Objective This study was to identify the angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory (ACEi) peptides from roe hydrolysate of Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) and evaluate their protection functions on H2O2-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods Protein hydrolysate of tuna roes with high ACEi activity was prepared using flavourzyme, and ACEi peptides were isolated from the roe hydrolysate using ultrafiltration and chromatography methods and identified by ESI/MS and Procise Protein/Peptide Sequencer for the N-terminal amino acid sequence. The activity and mechanism of action of isolated ACEi peptides were investigated through molecular docking and cellular experiments. Results Four ACEi peptides were identified as WGESF (TRP3), IKSW (TRP6), YSHM (TRP9), and WSPGF (TRP12), respectively. The affinity of WGESF (TRP3), IKSW (TRP6), YSHM (TRP9), and WSPGF (TRP12) with ACE was -8.590, -9.703, -9.325, and -8.036 kcal/mol, respectively. The molecular docking experiment elucidated that the significant ACEi ability of WGESF (TRP3), IKSW (TRP6), YSHM (TRP9), and WSPGF (TRP12) was mostly owed to their tight bond with ACE's active sites/pockets via hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic force and hydrogen bonding. Additionally, WGESF (TRP3), IKSW (TRP6), YSHM (TRP9), and WSPGF (TRP12) could dramatically elevate the Nitric Oxide (NO) production and bring down endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion in HUVECs, but also abolish the opposite impact of norepinephrine (0.5 μM) on the production of NO and ET-1. Moreover, WGESF (TRP3), IKSW (TRP6), YSHM (TRP9), and WSPGF (TRP12) could lower the oxidative damage and apoptosis rate of H2O2-induced HUVECs, and the mechanism indicated that they could increase the content of NO and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) to decrease the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Conclusion WGESF (TRP3), IKSW (TRP6), YSHM (TRP9), and WSPGF (TRP12) are beneficial ingredients for healthy products ameliorating hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Yu Zhu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Ming-Xue Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Hua-Wei Wu
- Ningbo Today Food Co., Ltd., Ningbo, China
| | - Shuo-Lei Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Huai-Yu Zheng
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
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13
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Joshua Ashaolu T, Lee CC, Opeolu Ashaolu J, Pourjafar H, Jafari SM. Metal-binding peptides and their potential to enhance the absorption and bioavailability of minerals. Food Chem 2023; 428:136678. [PMID: 37418874 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Minerals including calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, and copper have several human nutritional functions due to their metabolic activities. Body tissues require sufficient levels of a variety of micronutrients to maintain their health. To achieve these micronutrient needs, dietary consumption must be adequate. Dietary proteins may regulate the biological functions of the body in addition to acting as nutrients. Some peptides encoded in the native protein sequences are primarily responsible for the absorption and bioavailability of minerals in physiological functions. Metal-binding peptides (MBPs) were discovered as potential agents for mineral supplements. Nevertheless, sufficient studies on how MBPs affect the biological functions of minerals are lacking. The hypothesis is that the absorption and bioavailability of minerals are significantly influenced by peptides, and these properties are further enhanced by the configuration and attribute of the metal-peptide complex. In this review, the production of MBPs is discussed using various key parameters such as the protein sources and amino acid residues, enzymatic hydrolysis, purification, sequencing and synthesis and in silico analysis of MBPs. The mechanisms of metal-peptide complexes as functional food ingredients are elucidated, including metal-peptide ratio, precursors and ligands, complexation reaction, absorbability and bioavailability. Finally, the characteristics and application of different metal-peptide complexes are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Chi Ching Lee
- Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Joseph Opeolu Ashaolu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Redeemers University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Hadi Pourjafar
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
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14
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Li J, Huo X, Zheng Y, Guo Y, Feng C. ACE-Inhibitory Peptides Identified from Quinoa Bran Glutelin-2 Hydrolysates: In Silico Screening and Characterization, Inhibition Mechanisms of ACE, Coordination with Zinc Ions, and Stability. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2023:10.1007/s11130-023-01074-6. [PMID: 37300747 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To obtain Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibition peptides with Zn-chelating capacity, quinoa bran glutelin-2 hydrolysates (QBGH) by Flavourzyme and Papain were subjected to Sephadex G-15 gel chromatography, reverse phase-high liquid performance chromatography and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Four oligopeptides including GGGSGH, EAGAE, AGGGAGGG and AVPKPS were identified. Of these, only the hexapeptide AVPKPS had both ACE-inhibitory activity (IC50: 123.13 μmol/L) and Zn-chelating ability (17.36 mg/g). Molecular docking showed AVPKPS could bind with active residues Glu384 and Ala354 (both belong to the central S1 pocket of ACE including) through short hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions, respectively. Inhibition kinetics verified that AVPKPS was a competitive inhibitor of ACE. Moreover, AVPKPS can affect the zinc tetrahedral coordination in ACE through binding with residues His387 and His383. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that the amino and carboxyl groups of AVPKPS were the main chelating sites for zinc ions. Under the gastrointestinal digestion, the ACE inhibition capacity of AVPKPS was relatively stable, and the zinc solubility of AVPKPS-zinc complexes was more stable than zinc sulfate (p < 0.05). These results suggest that quinoa peptides have potential applications as ingredients for antihypertension or zinc fortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junru Li
- Food Science College of Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030092, China
| | - Xinyu Huo
- Food Science College of Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030092, China
| | - Yajun Zheng
- Food Science College of Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030092, China.
| | - Yizi Guo
- Food Science College of Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030092, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Food Science College of Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030092, China
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15
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Li Y, Li J, Cheng C, Zheng Y, Li H, Zhu Z, Yan Y, Hao W, Qin N. Study on the In Silico Screening and Characterization, Inhibition Mechanisms, Zinc-Chelate Activity, and Stability of ACE-Inhibitory Peptides Identified in Naked Oat Bran Albumin Hydrolysates. Foods 2023; 12:2268. [PMID: 37297512 PMCID: PMC10252509 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, naked oat bran albumin hydrolysates (NOBAH) were subjected to gel chromatography with Sephadex G-15, reverse phase-high liquid performance separation, and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS identification. Six safe peptides including Gly-Thr-Thr-Gly-Gly-Met-Gly-Thr (GTTGGMGT), Gln-Tyr-Val-Pro-Phe (QYVPF), Gly-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Leu-Val (GAAAALV), Gly-Tyr-His-Gly-His (GYHGH), Gly-Leu-Arg-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Glu-Gly-Gly (GLRAAAAAAEGG), and Pro-Ser-Ser-Pro-Pro-Ser (PSSPPS) were identified. Next, in silico screening demonstrated that QYVPF and GYHGH had both angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity (IC50: 243.36 and 321.94 μmol/L, respectively) and Zinc-chelating ability (14.85 and 0.32 mg/g, respectively). The inhibition kinetics demonstrated that QYVPF and GYHGH were both uncompetitive inhibitors of ACE. Molecular docking showed that QYVPF and GYHGH could bind, respectively, three and five active residues of ACE with short hydrogen bonds (but not belonging to any central pocket). QYVPF and GYHGH could bind, respectively, twenty-two and eleven residues through hydrophobic interactions. Moreover, GYHGH was able to affect zinc tetrahedral coordination in ACE by interacting with His383. The inhibition activities of QYVPF and GYHGH toward ACE were relatively resistant to gastrointestinal digestion. GYHGH improved zinc solubility in the intestines (p > 0.05) because its amino and carboxyl groups were chelating sites for zinc ions. These results suggest the potential applications of naked oat peptides for potential antihypertension or zinc fortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030092, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Junru Li
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030092, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Chaoxia Cheng
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030092, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Yajun Zheng
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030092, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Hanxu Li
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030092, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Zilin Zhu
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030092, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Yuxiang Yan
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030092, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Wenhui Hao
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030092, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Nan Qin
- College of Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030619, China
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16
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Wu F, Luo X, Zhang Y, Wang P, Chang Y, He Z, Liu X. Purification, Identification, and Inhibitory Mechanisms of a Novel ACE Inhibitory Peptide from Torreya grandis. Nutrients 2023; 15:2374. [PMID: 37242257 PMCID: PMC10224335 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Torreya grandis meal has a high protein content and an appropriate amino acid ratio, making it an excellent protein source for producing ACE inhibitory peptides. To promote its application in food, medicine, and other fields, an alkaline protease hydrolysate of Torreya grandis was used in this study to isolate and identify a novel angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide, VNDYLNW (VW-7), using ultrafiltration, gel chromatography purification, LC-MS/MS, and in silico prediction. The results show that the IC50 value of VW-7 was 205.98 µM. The Lineweaver-Burk plot showed that VW-7 had a mixed-type inhibitory effect on ACE. Meanwhile, according to the results of molecular docking, VW-7 demonstrated a strong affinity for ACE (binding energy -10 kcal/mol). VW-7 was bound to ACE through multiple binding sites. In addition, VW-7 could remain active during gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. Nitric oxide (NO) generation in human endothelial cells could rise after receiving a pretreatment with VW-7. These results indicated that Torreya grandis meal protein can be developed into products with antihypertensive function, and VW-7 has broad application prospects in the field of antihypertensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Wu
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiaohui Luo
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yongzhu Zhang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (Z.H.)
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yinzi Chang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhiping He
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (Z.H.)
| | - Xingquan Liu
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (Z.H.)
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17
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Di C, Jia W. Food-derived bioactive peptides as momentous food components: Can functional peptides passed through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and NF-κB pathway to repair and protect the skeletal muscle injury? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:9210-9227. [PMID: 37171059 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2209192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Muscle injury is defined as an overuse injury or traumatic distraction of a muscle, which is latent in any sport event, from amateur to large events. Based on previous numbers of muscle injuries and time spent to the athletes' recovery, the use of dietary functional factors intervention strategies is essential to enhance the recovery process and health. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that biologically active peptides played an important role in sports nutrition and muscle injure recovery. Food-derived bioactive peptides were physiologically active peptides mostly derived from proteins following hydrolysis, which could be resorbed in intact form to reduce muscle damage following exercise and induce beneficial adaptions within the connective tissue. However, the complexity of the histoarchitectural considerations for skeletal muscle injuries and the repair mechanism of damaged skeletal muscle were not well known. In the following overview, the potential mechanisms and possible limitations regarding the damaged skeletal muscle metabolism were summarized, which aimed to present an overview of the nutritional strategies and recommendations after a muscular sports injury, emphasizing the use of main bioactive peptides. In addition, this review will provide implications for the studies of dietary bioactive peptides in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenna Di
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Xi'an, China
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18
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García-Beltrán JM, Arizcun M, Chaves-Pozo E. Antimicrobial Peptides from Photosynthetic Marine Organisms with Potential Application in Aquaculture. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050290. [PMID: 37233484 DOI: 10.3390/md21050290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture production is at a record level and is estimated to increase in the coming years. However, this production can be negatively affected by infectious diseases produced by viruses, bacteria, and parasites, causing fish mortality and economic losses. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small peptides that may be promising candidates to replace antibiotics because they are the first line of defense in animals against a wide variety of pathogens and have no negative effects; they also show additional activities such as antioxidant or immunoregulatory functions, which makes them powerful alternatives for use in aquaculture. Moreover, AMPs are highly available in natural sources and have already been used in the livestock farming and food industries. Photosynthetic marine organisms can survive under all kinds of environmental conditions and under extremely competitive environments thanks to their flexible metabolism. For this reason, these organisms represent a powerful source of bioactive molecules as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, including AMPs. Therefore, in this study we reviewed the present knowledge about AMPs from photosynthetic marine organism sources and analyzed whether they could be suitable for use in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María García-Beltrán
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Physiology and Welfare of Marine Species Group (PHYSIS), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (COMU-IEO), CSIC, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Arizcun
- Physiology and Welfare of Marine Species Group (PHYSIS), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (COMU-IEO), CSIC, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Physiology and Welfare of Marine Species Group (PHYSIS), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (COMU-IEO), CSIC, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain
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19
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Sheng Y, Wang WY, Wu MF, Wang YM, Zhu WY, Chi CF, Wang B. Eighteen Novel Bioactive Peptides from Monkfish ( Lophius litulon) Swim Bladders: Production, Identification, Antioxidant Activity, and Stability. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030169. [PMID: 36976218 PMCID: PMC10054418 DOI: 10.3390/md21030169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the study, papain was chosen from five proteases to hydrolyze proteins of monkfish swim bladders for effectively utilizing monkfish (Lophius litulon) processing byproducts, and the hydrolysis conditions of papain were optimized as hydrolysis temperature of 65 °C, pH 7.5, enzyme dose 2.5% and time 5 h using single-factor and orthogonal experiments. Eighteen peptides were purified from the swim bladder hydrolysate of monkfish by ultrafiltration and gel permeation chromatography methods and identified as YDYD, QDYD, AGPAS, GPGPHGPSGP, GPK, HRE, GRW, ARW, GPTE, DDGGK, IGPAS, AKPAT, YPAGP, DPT, FPGPT, GPGPT, GPT and DPAGP, respectively. Among eighteen peptides, GRW and ARW showed significant DPPH· scavenging activities with EC50 values of 1.053 ± 0.003 and 0.773 ± 0.003 mg/mL, respectively; YDYD, QDYD, GRW, ARW and YPAGP revealed significantly HO· scavenging activities with EC50 values of 0.150 ± 0.060, 0.177 ± 0.035, 0.201 ± 0.013, 0.183 ± 0.0016 and 0.190 ± 0.010 mg/mL, respectively; YDYD, QDYD, ARW, DDGGK and YPAGP have significantly O2-· scavenging capability with EC50 values of 0.126 ± 0.0005, 0.112 ± 0.0028, 0.127 ± 0.0002, 0.128 ± 0.0018 and 0.107 ± 0.0002 mg/mL, respectively; and YDYD, QDYD and YPAGP showed strong ABTS+· scavenging ability with EC50 values of 3.197 ± 0.036, 2.337 ± 0.016 and 3.839 ± 0.102 mg/mL, respectively. YDYD, ARW and DDGGK displayed the remarkable ability of lipid peroxidation inhibition and Ferric-reducing antioxidant properties. Moreover, YDYD and ARW can protect Plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, eighteen isolated peptides had high stability under temperatures ranging from 25-100 °C; YDYD, QDYD, GRW and ARW were more sensitive to alkali treatment, but DDGGK and YPAGP were more sensitive to acid treatment; and YDYD showed strong stability treated with simulated GI digestion. Therefore, the prepared antioxidant peptides, especially YDYD, QDYD, GRW, ARW, DDGGK and YPAGP from monkfish swim bladders could serve as functional components applied in health-promoting products because of their high-antioxidant functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Wan-Yi Wang
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration, Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Ming-Feng Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Wang-Yu Zhu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Chang-Feng Chi
- National and Provincial Joint Laboratory of Exploration, Utilization of Marine Aquatic Genetic Resources, National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, School of Marine Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
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20
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Whey Protein Hydrolysate Renovates Age-Related and Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051228. [PMID: 36904228 PMCID: PMC10005054 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Whey protein and its hydrolysates are ubiquitously applied in the food system. However, their effect on cognitive impairment remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential ability of whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) to ameliorate cognitive degeneration. WPH intervention in Crl:CD1 (ICR, Institute for cancer research) mice and aged C57BL/6J mice in a scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment model for 10 days were evaluated. Behavioral tests indicated that WPH intervention improved the cognitive abilities in ICR and aged C57BL/6J mice (p < 0.05). Scopolamine enhanced the Aβ1-42 level in the brain tissue, and the WPH intervention exhibited a similar therapeutic effect to donepezil in ICR mice. A noticeable reduction occurred in serum Aβ1-42 level of aged mice treated with WPH. The histopathological study of the hippocampus showed that WPH intervention alleviates neuronal damage. Hippocampus proteomic analysis suggested possible mechanisms of WPH action. The relative abundance of Christensenellaceae, a gut microbe related to Alzheimer's disease, was altered by WPH intervention. This study demonstrated that short-term WPH intake protected against memory impairment induced by scopolamine and aging.
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21
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Bioprocessing to Preserve and Improve Microalgae Nutritional and Functional Potential: Novel Insight and Perspectives. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050983. [PMID: 36900500 PMCID: PMC10001325 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are aquatic unicellular microorganisms and, although various species are approved for human consumption, Arthrospira and Chlorella are the most widespread. Several nutritional and functional properties have been bestowed to microalgae principal micro- and macro-nutrients, with antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anticancer being the most common. The many references to their potential as a food of the future is mainly ascribed to the high protein and essential amino acid content, but they are also a source of pigments, lipids, sterols, polysaccharides, vitamins, and phenolic compounds with positive effects on human health. Nevertheless, microalgae use is often hindered by unpleasant color and flavor and several strategies have been sought to minimize such challenges. This review provides an overview of the strategies so far proposed and the main nutritional and functional characteristic of microalgae and the foods made thereof. Processing treatments have been used to enrich microalgae-derived substrates in compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-hypertensive properties. Extraction, microencapsulation, enzymatic treatments, and fermentation are the most common, each with their own pros and cons. Yet, for microalgae to be the food of the future, more effort should be put into finding the right pre-treatments that can allow the use of the whole biomass and be cost-effective while bringing about features that go beyond the mere increase of proteins.
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22
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Digestion, absorption, and transport properties of soy-fermented douchi hypoglycemic peptides VY and SFLLR under simulated gastrointestinal digestion and Caco-2 cell monolayers. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112340. [PMID: 36737933 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Two novel hypoglycemic peptides VY and SFLLR were identified from douchi as the major peptides responsible for the glucose uptake activity. The present work aimed to elucidate their digestion, absorption and transport properties using simulated digestion and Caco-2 cell monolayers transport models. Besides, the effects of digestion and absorption on the structure and activity were also studied. The results showed that VY was resistant to gastrointestinal tract digestion and could cross Caco-2 cell monolayers intactly via both TJs-mediated passive paracellular pathway and PepT1-mediated active route. In comparison, SFLLR was partially degraded into small fragments of SFLL, SFL, and SF by the digestive system, leading to increased glucose uptake activity. Notably, SFLLR, SFLL, and SFL were partly hydrolyzed by aminopeptidase N or dipeptidyl peptidase IV during transport, but they were transported intact. SFL was transported via both paracellular diffusion and PepT1-mediated routes, while SFLLR and SFLL were via paracellular route only.
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23
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Zhu Q, Xue J, Wang P, Wang X, Zhang J, Fang X, He Z, Wu F. Identification of a Novel ACE Inhibitory Hexapeptide from Camellia Seed Cake and Evaluation of Its Stability. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030501. [PMID: 36766030 PMCID: PMC9914026 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The camellia seed cake proteins (CP) used in this study were individually hydrolyzed with neutral protease, alkaline protease, papain, and trypsin. The results showed that the hydrolysate had the highest ACE inhibitory activity at 67.36 ± 0.80% after four hours of neutral protease hydrolysis. Val-Val-Val-Pro-Gln-Asn (VVVPQN) was then obtained through ultrafiltration, Sephadex G-25 gel chromatography separation, LC-MS/MS analysis, and in silico screening. VVVPQN had ACE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.13 mg/mL (198.66 μmol/L), and it inhibited ACE in a non-competitive manner. The molecular docking indicated that VVVPQN can combine with ACE to form eight hydrogen bonds. The results of the stability study showed that VVVPQN maintained high ACE-inhibitory activity in weakly acidic and neutral environments and that heat treatment (20-80 °C) and Na+, Mg2+, as well as Fe3+ metal ions had little effect on the activity of VVVPQN. Moreover, it remained relatively stable after in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. These results revealed that VVVPQN identified in camellia seed cake has the potential to be applied in functional food or antihypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaonan Zhu
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jiawen Xue
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xianbo Wang
- Zhejiang Feixiangyuan Food Co., Ltd., Lishui 323400, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xuezhi Fang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Zhiping He
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (F.W.)
| | - Fenghua Wu
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (F.W.)
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24
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Fan X, Ma X, Maimaitiyiming R, Aihaiti A, Yang J, Li X, Wang X, Pang G, Liu X, Qiu C, Abra R, Wang L. Study on the preparation process of quinoa anti-hypertensive peptide and its stability. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1119042. [PMID: 36742006 PMCID: PMC9889649 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1119042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa seeds are a food resource rich in protein, vitamins, minerals, and other functional components such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, and saponins. The seeds have become favored by modern consumers due to being gluten-free and featuring a high protein content. This study focused on the preparation of quinoa peptides by short-time enzymatic-assisted fermentation. Quinoa flour (QF) was mixed with water in a certain ratio before being enzymatically digested with 0.5% amylase and 0.1% lipase for 6 h. Then, 16 bacterial taxa were used for fermentation, respectively. The peptide content in the resulting fermentation broths were determined by the biuret method. The dominant taxon was then identified and the peptide content, amino acid distribution, and molecular weight distribution of the prepared quinoa peptides were analyzed. Further, the temperature, pH, metal ions, organic solvents, ion concentration, and anti-enzyme stability of the quinoa anti-hypertensive peptides of different molecular weights after fermentation with the dominant taxon were investigated. Finally, the inhibitory activity of fermented quinoa peptides on bacteria was studied. The results show that the peptide content of the fermentation broth reached 58.72 ± 1.3% at 40 h of fermentation with Lactobacillus paracasei and the molecular weights of the hydrolyzed quinoa peptides were mainly distributed below 2 kDa by polyacrylamide gel. The Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibition and peptide retention of the 0-3 kDa quinoa peptides were screened to be high and stable. At the same time, the inhibitory activity of quinoa peptide after fermentation on E. coli was obvious. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research on quinoa peptide and its application in industrial production, and also lays a foundation for the later application of polypeptides in new food and chemical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Fan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xuemei Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | | | | | - Jiangyong Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xianai Li
- Xinjiang Arman Food Group Co. Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Xinjiang Arman Food Group Co. Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Guangxian Pang
- Shenxin Science and Technology Cooperation Base Co. Ltd., Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaolu Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Chenggong Qiu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Redili Abra
- Xinjiang Arman Food Group Co. Ltd., Urumqi, China,*Correspondence: Liang Wang ✉
| | - Liang Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China,Redili Abra ✉
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25
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Li Y, Shi P, Zheng Y, Guo M, Zhuang Y, Huo X. Millet bran protein hydrolysates derived peptides-zinc chelate: Structural characterization, security prediction in silico, zinc transport capacity and stability against different food processing conditions. J Food Sci 2023; 88:477-490. [PMID: 36444531 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel peptide Ser-Asp-Asp-Val-Leu (SDDVL) of excellent zinc-chelating capacity (13.77 mg/g) was identified in millet bran protein hydrolysates. In silico prediction demonstrated that SDDVL had no potential toxicity. The results of structural characterization demonstrated that both amino group and carboxyl group of SDDVL were the primary zinc-chelating sites. Moreover, SDDVL-zinc chelate showed higher stability (p < 0.05) than ZnSO4 and zinc gluconate under different processing conditions including most pasteurization conditions, heating at 100°C for 10-50 min, various pH values (8.0-10.0), treatment of glucose (4-8 g/100 g) or NaCl (1-4 g/100 g), and simulated gastrointestinal digestion. In addition, SDDVL-zinc chelate showed higher zinc transport capacity than ZnSO4 and zinc gluconate in Caco-2 cells (p < 0.05). These results suggested that millet bran peptide had a positive effect on the gastrointestinal stability and bioavailability of Zn, and SDDVL-zinc chelate could be used as ingredient of zinc supplements. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The current study provided a practical method to identify peptides of excellent zinc-chelating capacity from millet bran protein hydrolysates. This study demonstrated that in silico prediction assisted with suitable database was a fast, practical, and economic way to evaluate the security and to analysis the physicochemical properties of novel peptides. Moreover, it provided an efficient method to assess the stability of peptide-zinc chelate under different food processing conditions, which was the theoretical basis for utilization of peptide as ingredient of zinc fortifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Food Science College, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Panqi Shi
- Food Science College, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yajun Zheng
- Food Science College, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Min Guo
- Food Science College, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yongliang Zhuang
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xinyu Huo
- Food Science College, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, China
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26
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Lee JH, Kim TK, Yong HI, Cha JY, Song KM, Lee HG, Je JG, Kang MC, Choi YS. Peptides inhibiting angiotensin-I-converting enzyme: Isolation from flavourzyme hydrolysate of Protaetia brevitarsis larva protein and identification. Food Chem 2023; 399:133897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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27
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Structural and physicochemical characteristics, stability, toxicity and antioxidant activity of peptide-zinc chelate from coconut cake globulin hydrolysates. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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28
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Raghunathan S, Navabshan I, Badar B, Kim JW, MubarakAli D. An investigation of algal peptides to target protein of lower respiratory tract infections: In silico approach. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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Zhang J, Ye Z. Pentapeptide-Zinc Chelate from Sweet Almond Expeller Amandin Hydrolysates: Structural and Physicochemical Characteristics, Stability and Zinc Transport Ability In Vitro. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227936. [PMID: 36432037 PMCID: PMC9692753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To promote the application of almond expellers, sweet almond expeller globulin (amandin) was extracted for the preparation of bioactive peptides. After dual enzymatic hydrolysis, Sephadex G-15 gel isolation, reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography purification and ESI-MS/MS analysis, two novel peptides Val-Asp-Leu-Val-Ala-Glu-Val-Pro-Arg-Gly-Leu (1164.45 Da) and Leu-Asp-Arg-Leu-Glu (644.77 Da) were identified in sweet almond expeller amandin hydrolysates. Leu-Asp-Arg-Leu-Glu (LDRLE) of excellent zinc-chelating capacity (24.73 mg/g) was selected for preparation of peptide-zinc chelate. Structural analysis revealed that zinc ions were mainly bonded to amino group and carboxyl group of LDRLE. Potential toxicity and some physicochemical properties of LDRLE and Val-Asp-Leu-Val-Ala-Glu-Val-Pro-Arg-Gly-Leu (VDLVAEVPRGL) were predicted in silico. The results demonstrated that both LDRLE and VDLVAEVPRGL were not toxic. Additionally, zinc solubility of LDRLE-zinc chelate was much higher than that of zinc sulphate and zinc gluconate at pH 6.0−10.0 and against gastrointestinal digestion at 37 °C (p < 0.05). However, incubation at 100 °C for 20−60 min significantly reduced zinc-solubility of LDRLE-zinc chelate. Moreover, the chelate showed higher zinc transport ability in vitro than zinc sulphate and zinc gluconate (p < 0.05). Therefore, peptides isolated from sweet almond expeller amandin have potential applications as ingredient of zinc supplements.
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30
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Guo J, Lu A, Sun Y, Liu B, Zhang J, Zhang L, Huang P, Yang A, Li Z, Cao Y, Miao J. Purification and identification of antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitory peptides from Guangdong glutinous rice wine. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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31
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Salazar-López NJ, Barco-Mendoza GA, Zuñiga-Martínez BS, Domínguez-Avila JA, Robles-Sánchez RM, Ochoa MAV, González-Aguilar GA. Single-Cell Protein Production as a Strategy to Reincorporate Food Waste and Agro By-Products Back into the Processing Chain. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:623. [PMID: 36354534 PMCID: PMC9687355 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Food waste is a serious problem with negative environmental and economic consequences. Unused food (either as waste or by-products and referred to as food residues in the present work) is a source of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds that could be used in an alternate or secondary life cycle to avoid discarding it. The present work reviews the potential use of food residues for the bioengineering of single-cell protein (SCP), addressing aspects of production, nutrition and safety, as well as the main challenges and perspectives. SCP is obtained from various microorganisms, including fungi, bacteria, yeasts and algae, in pure or mixed form. SCP generally contains a higher percentage of protein (30-80%) compared to soy (38.6%), fish (17.8%), meat (21.2%) and whole milk (3.28%). SCP is a source of essential amino acids, including methionine, threonine and lysine. The use of food residues as substrates for the production of SCP would reduce production costs (35-75%); however, optimization and industrial scaling are some of the main challenges to its sustainable production. The use food waste and agro by-products from the food industry could be a promising alternative to obtain protein according to a circular production scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Julieta Salazar-López
- Facultad de Medicina de Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Dr. Humberto Torres Sanginés S/N, Centro Cívico, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Gabriel A. Barco-Mendoza
- Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero No. 818, Centro, Urb. No. 1, Ciudad Obregón 85000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - B. Shain Zuñiga-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico
| | - J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico
| | - R. Maribel Robles-Sánchez
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales, Col. Centro, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Monica A. Villegas Ochoa
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Gustavo A. González-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico
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Wang K, Shi J, Gao S, Hong H, Tan Y, Luo Y. Oyster protein hydrolysates alleviated chronic alcohol-induced liver injury in mice by regulating hepatic lipid metabolism and inflammation response. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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33
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Okagu IU, Udenigwe CC. Transepithelial transport and cellular mechanisms of food-derived antioxidant peptides. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10861. [PMID: 36217466 PMCID: PMC9547200 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the involvement of oxidative stress in the etiology of many non-communicable diseases, food-derived antioxidant peptides (FDAPs) are strong candidates for nutraceutical development for disease prevention and management. This paper reviews current evidence on the transepithelial transport and cellular mechanisms of antioxidant activities of FDAPs. Several FDAPs have multiple health benefits such as anti-inflammatory and anti-photoaging activities, in addition to antioxidant properties through which they protect cellular components from oxidative damage. Some FDAPs have been shown to permeate the intestinal epithelium, which could facilitate their bioavailability and physiological bioactivities. Molecular mechanisms of FDAPs include suppression of oxidative stress as evidenced by reduction in intracellular reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation and apoptotic protein activation as well as increase in antioxidant defense mechanisms (enzymatic and non-enzymatic). Since many FDAPs have demonstrated promising antioxidant activity, future investigation should focus on further elucidation of molecular mechanisms and human studies to explore their practical application for the prevention and management of oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent U. Okagu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada
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34
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Bioactive Peptides from Skipjack Tuna Cardiac Arterial Bulbs: Preparation, Identification, Antioxidant Activity, and Stability against Thermal, pH, and Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion Treatments. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20100626. [PMID: 36286450 PMCID: PMC9604775 DOI: 10.3390/md20100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arterial bulbs of Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) are rich in elastin, and its hydrolysates are high quality raw materials for daily cosmetics. In order to effectively utilizing Skipjack tuna processing byproducts-cardiac arterial bulbs and to prepare peptides with high antioxidant activity, pepsin was selected from six proteases for hydrolyzing proteins, and the best hydrolysis conditions of pepsin were optimized. Using ultrafiltration and chromatographic methods, eleven antioxidant peptides were purified from protein hydrolysate of tuna cardiac arterial bulbs. Four tripeptides (QGD, PKK, GPQ and GLN) were identified as well as seven pentapeptides (GEQSN, GEEGD, YEGGD, GEGER, GEGQR, GPGLM and GDRGD). Three out of them, namely the tripeptide PKK and the pentapeptides YEGGD and GPGLM exhibited the highest radical scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and superoxide anion assays. They also showed to protect plasmid DNA and HepG2 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, they exhibited high stability under temperature ranged from 20-100 °C, pH values ranged from 3-11, and they simulated gastrointestinal digestion for 240 min. These results suggest that the prepared eleven antioxidant peptides from cardiac arterial bulbs, especially the three peptides PKK, YEGGD, and GPGLM, could serve as promising candidates in health-promoting products due to their high antioxidant activity and their stability.
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Xu B, Wang X, Zheng Y, Shi P, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Long N. Millet bran globulin hydrolysate derived tetrapeptide-ferrous chelate: Preparation, structural characterization, security prediction in silico, and stability against different food processing conditions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Emerging proteins as precursors of bioactive peptides/hydrolysates with health benefits. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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R. S, D. M, M.G. MN, N. V, N. T, Kim JW. An Investigation of Pepsin Hydrolysate of Short Antibacterial Peptides Derived from Limnospira Sp. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:5580-5593. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Novel antioxidant peptides identified in millet bran glutelin-2 hydrolysates: Purification, in silico characterization and security prediction, and stability profiles under different food processing conditions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wang K, Fu Z, Li X, Hong H, Zhan X, Guo X, Luo Y, Tan Y. Whey protein hydrolysate alleviated atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis by regulating lipid metabolism in apoE -/- mice fed a Western diet. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111419. [PMID: 35761665 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) has been proved to possess various biological activities associated with the amelioration of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic and hepatoprotective effects of WPH on apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE-/-) mice fed with a Western diet for 15 weeks. Results revealed that WPH markedly inhibited the development of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and steatosis injury in the liver. The serum lipid and inflammation levels were both reduced after WPH supplemented in apoE-/- mice. In addition, WPH inhibited the lipid accumulation in the liver, thereby decreasing the hepatic inflammation level and oxidative stress injury. Mechanism investigation revealed that WPH down-regulated the expression of cholesterol biosynthesis genes while up-regulated the expression of cholesterol uptake and excretion genes in the liver. Meanwhile, the de novo lipogenesis was inhibited while the fatty acids β-oxidation was activated in the liver by WPH supplementation. Notably, the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/n-6 PUFA ratio in serum and liver of the WPH-H group were 2.69-fold (p < 0.01) and 3.64-fold (p < 0.01) higher than that of the Model group. Collectively, our results proved WPH possesses potent anti-atherosclerotic and hepatoprotective activities and has the potential to be used as a novel functional ingredient for the management of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zixin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hui Hong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xin Zhan
- Tianjin Milkyway Import and Export Corp, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Xiaohong Guo
- Hebei Dongkang Dairy Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang 052160, China.
| | - Yongkang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yuqing Tan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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A Novel Antihypertensive Pentapeptide Identified in Quinoa Bran Globulin Hydrolysates: Purification, In Silico Characterization, Molecular Docking with ACE and Stability against Different Food-Processing Conditions. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122420. [PMID: 35745149 PMCID: PMC9227351 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The addition of food derived antihypertensive peptides to the diet is considered a reasonable way to prevent and lower blood pressure. However, data about stability of antihypertensive peptides against different food-processing conditions are limited. In this study, through Sephadex G-15 gel chromatography and RP-HPLC separation, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis and in silico screening, a novel ACE-inhibitory pentapeptide Ser-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro (IC50: 915.03 μmol/L) was identified in quinoa bran globulin hydrolysate. The inhibition patterns on angiotensin-I-converting enzyme and safety of SAPPP were studied using molecular docking and in silico predication, respectively. Results demonstrated that SAPPP could noncompetitively bind to active sites PRO519 and SER461 of ACE through short hydrogen bonds. SAPPP was resistant to different pH values (2.0–10.0), pasteurization conditions, addition of Na+, Mg2+, Fe3+ or K+, and the simulated gastrointestinal digestion. In contrast, SAPPP was unstable against heating at 100 °C for more than 50 min and the treatment of Zn2+ (5 mmol/L). These results indicated that peptides derived from quinoa globulin hydrolysates can be added into foods for antihypertension.
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Feng C, Tian L, Jiao Y, Tan Y, Liu C, Luo Y, Hong H. The effect of steam cooking on the proteolysis of pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) proteins: Digestibility, allergenicity, and bioactivity. Food Chem 2022; 379:132160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Two Novel Antihypertensive Peptides Identified in Millet Bran Glutelin-2 Hydrolysates: Purification, In Silico Characterization, Molecular Docking with ACE and Stability in Various Food Processing Conditions. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091355. [PMID: 35564079 PMCID: PMC9103660 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The addition of food-derived antihypertensive peptides to the diet is considered a reasonable antihypertension strategy. However, data about the stability of antihypertensive peptides in different food processing conditions are limited. In this study, through Sephadex G-15 gel chromatography and RP-HPLC separation, UPLC–ESI–MS/MS analysis and in silico screening, two novel ACE-inhibitory peptides, Pro-Leu-Leu-Lys (IC50: 549.87 μmol/L) and Pro-Pro-Met-Trp-Pro-Phe-Val (IC50: 364.62 μmol/L), were identified in millet bran glutelin-2 hydrolysates. The inhibition of angiotensin-I converting enzyme and the potential safety of PLLK and PPMWPFV were studied using molecular docking and in silico prediction, respectively. The results demonstrated that PLLK and PPMWPFV could non-competitively bind to one and seven binding sites of ACE through short hydrogen bonds, respectively. Both PLLK and PPMWPFV were resistant to different pH values (2.0–10.0), pasteurization conditions, addition of Na+, Mg2+ or K+ and simulated gastrointestinal digestion. However, PLLK and PPMWPFV were unstable upon heat treatment at 100 °C for more than 20 min or treatment with Fe3+ or Zn2+. In fact, treatment with Fe3+ or Zn2+ induced the formation of PLLK–iron or PLLK–zinc chelates and reduced the ACE-inhibitory activity of PLLK. These results indicate that peptides derived from millet bran could be added to foods as antihypertension agents.
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43
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In Vitro Gut Fermentation of Whey Protein Hydrolysate: An Evaluation of Its Potential Modulation on Infant Gut Microbiome. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071374. [PMID: 35405988 PMCID: PMC9003150 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Whey protein and its hydrolysate are ubiquitously consumed as nutritional supplements. This study aimed to evaluate the potential effect of whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) on the infant gut microbiome, which is more variable than that of adults. Colonic fermentation was simulated through a static digestion model and fecal culture fermentation, using feces from normal infants aged from 1−3 years old. During in vitro gut fermentation, measurements of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentrations and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were performed. Additionally, the growth curves of cultivated probiotics were analyzed to evaluate the prebiotic potential of WPH. Besides the decline of pH in fermentation, the addition of WPH induced a significant increase in the SCFA production and also the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, and Streptococcus (p < 0.05). The lower ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in WPH-supplemented samples indicated the positive modulation of WPH on the gut microbiota, which could benefit the energy balance and metabolism of infants. The stimulation effect of WPH on the probiotics (particularly Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM) during cultivation implied the prebiotic potential as well. Our findings shed light on WPH as a valuable dietary supplement with not only enriched resources of essential amino acids but also the potential to restore the infant gut microbiome.
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Zhang N, Li F, Zhang T, Li CY, Zhu L, Yan S. Isolation, identification, and molecular docking analysis of novel ACE inhibitory peptides from Spirulina platensis. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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45
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Suo SK, Zhao YQ, Wang YM, Pan XY, Chi C, Wang B. Seventeen novel angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from protein hydrolysate of Mytilus edulis: Isolation, identification, molecular docking study, and protective function on HUVECs. Food Funct 2022; 13:7831-7846. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00275b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the study, seventeen angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides were isolated from protein hydrolysate of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and identified as MFR, MFV, FV, KP, QP, QVK, IK,...
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46
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Qin D, Yang F, Hu Z, Liu J, Wu Q, Luo Y, Yang L, Han S, Luo F. Peptide T8 isolated from yak milk residue ameliorates H2O2-induced oxidative stress through Nrf2 signaling pathway in HUVEC cells. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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47
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Chen J, Yu X, Huang W, Wang C, He Q. A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide from rabbit meat protein hydrolysate: identification, molecular mechanism, and antihypertensive effect in vivo. Food Funct 2021; 12:12077-12086. [PMID: 34783331 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02830h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides exhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory effects and extracted from natural foods have potential as healthy and safe therapeutics for high blood pressure. The aim of this study was to isolate and purify ACE inhibitory peptides from rabbit meat protein hydrolysate, to explore the underlying mechanisms by molecular docking, and to evaluate the antihypertensive effects in vivo. A novel ACE inhibitory tetrapeptide Trp-Gly-Ala-Pro (WGAP) was identified and purified from a bromelain hydrolysate. WGAP acted against ACE in a non-competitive manner with an IC50 of 140.70 ± 4.51 μM. It was resistant to enzymatic degradation by pepsin and trypsin in vitro. Molecular docking analysis indicated that WGAP formed stable hydrogen bonds with ACE residues His353, Ala354 and ALA356. In vivo, 100 mg kg-1 WGAP significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive rats by up to 42.66 ± 2.87 and 28.56 ± 2.71 mmHg, respectively, 4 h after oral administration. ACE inhibitory peptides derived from rabbit meat have potential antihypertensive effects and provide a new route for the exploration of novel hypertension inhibitors and the utilization of rabbit meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Xiaodong Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Wangxiang Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Qiyi He
- Engineering Research Center of Biotechnology for Active Substances, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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Zhang S, Luo L, Sun X, Ma A. Bioactive Peptides: A Promising Alternative to Chemical Preservatives for Food Preservation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12369-12384. [PMID: 34649436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides used for food preservation can prolong the shelf life through bacteriostasis and antioxidation. On the one hand, bioactive peptides can inhibit lipid oxidation by scavenging free radicals, interacting with metal ions, and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, bioactive peptides can fundamentally inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms by destroying their cell membranes or targeting intracellular components. Besides, bioactive peptides are biocompatible and biodegradable in vivo. Therefore, they are regarded as a promising alternative to chemical preservatives. However, bioactive peptides are easily affected by the external environment in practical application, which hinders their commercialization. Currently, the studies to overcome the weakness focus on encapsulation and chemical synthesis. Bioactive peptides have been applied to the preservation of various foods in experimental research, with good results. In the future, with the deepening understanding of their safety and structure-activity relationship, there may be more bioactive peptides as food preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbial Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
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Machowiec P, Ręka G, Maksymowicz M, Piecewicz-Szczęsna H, Smoleń A. Effect of Spirulina Supplementation on Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093054. [PMID: 34578932 PMCID: PMC8468496 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirulina is a microalga that presents various important pro-health properties, for instance lowering blood pressure in the research. The study aims to appraise the efficacy of Spirulina administration on systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were retrieved by a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases from inception to June 2021 according to a standardized protocol. The effect size of each study was counted from mean and standard deviation before and after the intervention and shown as Un-standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval. Sensitivity analyses were performed. Meta-analysis on 5 RCTs with 230 subjects was eligible. The amount of Spirulina ranged from 1 to 8 g per day, and intervention durations ranged from 2 to 12 weeks. Data analysis indicated that Spirulina supplementation led to a significant lowering of SBP (Mean Difference (MD): -4.59 mmHg, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -8.20 to -0.99, I square statistic (I2) = 65%) and significant lowering of DBP (MD: -7.02 mmHg, CI: -8.86 to -5.18, I2 = 11%), particularly in a subgroup of hypertensive patients. Spirulina administration might have a supportive effect on the prevention and treatment of hypertension. More exact randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify the effect of Spirulina supplementation on blood pressure.
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Zhan J, Li G, Dang Y, Pan D. Study on the antioxidant activity of peptide isolated from porcine plasma during in vitro digestion. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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