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Rios-Valencia DG, Estrada K, Calderón-Gallegos A, Tirado-Mendoza R, Bobes RJ, Laclette JP, Cabrera-Bravo M. Effect of Hydroxyurea on Morphology, Proliferation, and Protein Expression on Taenia crassiceps WFU Strain. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6061. [PMID: 38892261 PMCID: PMC11172544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Flatworms are known for their remarkable regenerative ability, one which depends on totipotent cells known as germinative cells in cestodes. Depletion of germinative cells with hydroxyurea (HU) affects the regeneration of the parasite. Here, we studied the reduction and recovery of germinative cells in T. crassiceps cysticerci after HU treatment (25 mM and 40 mM of HU for 6 days) through in vitro assays. Viability and morphological changes were evaluated. The recovery of cysticerci's mobility and morphology was evaluated at 3 and 6 days, after 6 days of treatment. The number of proliferative cells was evaluated using EdU. Our results show morphological changes in the size, shape, and number of evaginated cysticerci at the 40 mM dose. The mobility of cysticerci was lower after 6 days of HU treatment at both concentrations. On days 3 and 6 of recovery after 25 mM of HU treatment, a partial recovery of the proliferative cells was observed. Proteomic and Gene Ontology analyses identified modifications in protein groups related to DNA binding, DNA damage, glycolytic enzymes, cytoskeleton, skeletal muscle, and RNA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana G. Rios-Valencia
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (D.G.R.-V.); (R.T.-M.)
| | - Karel Estrada
- Unit for Massive Sequencing and Bioinformatics, Biotechnology Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Arturo Calderón-Gallegos
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.C.-G.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Rocío Tirado-Mendoza
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (D.G.R.-V.); (R.T.-M.)
| | - Raúl J. Bobes
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.C.-G.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Juan P. Laclette
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.C.-G.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Margarita Cabrera-Bravo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (D.G.R.-V.); (R.T.-M.)
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2
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Gambari R, Waziri AD, Goonasekera H, Peprah E. Pharmacogenomics of Drugs Used in β-Thalassemia and Sickle-Cell Disease: From Basic Research to Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4263. [PMID: 38673849 PMCID: PMC11050010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this short review we have presented and discussed studies on pharmacogenomics (also termed pharmacogenetics) of the drugs employed in the treatment of β-thalassemia or Sickle-cell disease (SCD). This field of investigation is relevant, since it is expected to help clinicians select the appropriate drug and the correct dosage for each patient. We first discussed the search for DNA polymorphisms associated with a high expression of γ-globin genes and identified this using GWAS studies and CRISPR-based gene editing approaches. We then presented validated DNA polymorphisms associated with a high HbF production (including, but not limited to the HBG2 XmnI polymorphism and those related to the BCL11A, MYB, KLF-1, and LYAR genes). The expression of microRNAs involved in the regulation of γ-globin genes was also presented in the context of pharmacomiRNomics. Then, the pharmacogenomics of validated fetal hemoglobin inducers (hydroxyurea, butyrate and butyrate analogues, thalidomide, and sirolimus), of iron chelators, and of analgesics in the pain management of SCD patients were considered. Finally, we discuss current clinical trials, as well as international research networks focusing on clinical issues related to pharmacogenomics in hematological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gambari
- Center “Chiara Gemmo and Elio Zago” for the Research on Thalassemia, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Ferrara University, 40124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Aliyu Dahiru Waziri
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Kaduna 810001, Nigeria;
| | - Hemali Goonasekera
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo P.O. Box 271, Sri Lanka;
| | - Emmanuel Peprah
- Implementing Sustainable Evidence-Based Interventions through Engagement (ISEE) Lab, Department of Global and Environmental Health, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA;
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3
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Sedmidubská B, Kočišek J. Interaction of low-energy electrons with radiosensitizers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9112-9136. [PMID: 38376461 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
We provide an experimentalist's perspective on the present state-of-the-art in the studies of low-energy electron interactions with common radiosensitizers, including compounds used in combined chemo-radiation therapy and their model systems. Low-energy electrons are important secondary species formed during the interaction of ionizing radiation with matter. Their role in the radiation chemistry of living organisms has become an important topic for more than 20 years. With the increasing number of works and reviews in the field, we would like to focus here on a very narrow area of compounds that have been shown to have radio-sensitizing properties on the one hand, and high reactivity towards low-energy electrons on the other hand. Gas phase experiments studying electron attachment to isolated molecules and environmental effects on reaction dynamics are reviewed for modified DNA components, nitroimidazoles, and organometallics. In the end, we provide a perspective on the future directions that may be important for transferring the fundamental knowledge about the processes induced by low-energy electrons into practice in the field of rational design of agents for concomitant chemo-radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Sedmidubská
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, Dolejškova 3, 182223 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Břehová 7, 11519 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS and Faculté des sciences d'Orsay, Université Paris Saclay, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Jaroslav Kočišek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, Dolejškova 3, 182223 Prague, Czech Republic.
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4
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Hydroxyurea as a promising ADAM17 inhibitor. Med Hypotheses 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2023.111021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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5
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Conran N, de Alvarenga Maximo C, Oliveira T, Fertrin KY, Lobo C, Costa FF. Safe use of hydroxycarbamide in sickle cell disease patients hospitalized for painful vaso-occlusive episodes during the randomized, open-label HELPS study. Br J Haematol 2022; 199:153-157. [PMID: 35834407 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Conran
- Hematology Center, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia de Alvarenga Maximo
- Divisão de Hematologia, Instituto Estadual de Hematologia Arthur de Siqueira Cavalcanti (Hemorio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thais Oliveira
- Research Department, Instituto Estadual de Hematologia Arthur de Siqueira Cavalcanti (Hemorio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kleber Y Fertrin
- Hematology Center, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Clarisse Lobo
- Research Department, Instituto Estadual de Hematologia Arthur de Siqueira Cavalcanti (Hemorio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando F Costa
- Hematology Center, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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6
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Coache D, Friciu M, Bernine Marcellin R, Bonnemain L, Viau A, Roullin VG, Forest JM, Leclair G. Stability evaluation of compounded hydroxyurea 100 mg/mL oral liquids using a novel analytical method involving chemical derivatization. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270206. [PMID: 35749410 PMCID: PMC9231814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the stability of six extemporaneously compounded hydroxyurea oral liquids stored at room temperature. Hydroxyurea oral liquids (100 mg/mL) were prepared using three different mixing methods (mortar, mixer or QuartetRx) from either bulk powder, capsule content, or whole capsules. Two brands of capsules were tested in this study. All formulations were stored at room temperature (25°C / 60% RH) in amber plastic bottles for 90 days and amber plastic syringes for 14 days. Physical stability was assessed visually, while chemical stability was evaluated using a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method. Chemical derivatization with xanthydrol allowed the retention of hydroxyurea on a reverse-phase column. At least 93.9% and 97.0% of the initial concentration of hydroxyurea remained after 90 days in bottles and 14 days in syringes, respectively. There were no visual changes in formulations over the study period. Changes in pH up to 1.6 units were observed after 90 days of storage and were explained most likely by an ammonium generating degradation pathway. Ammonium was quantified and remained within safe levels in each HU 100 mg/mL oral preparations. Hydroxyurea oral liquids were all stable for 90 days in amber plastic bottles and 14 days in amber plastic syringes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphné Coache
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mihaela Friciu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Lola Bonnemain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Annie Viau
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - V Gaëlle Roullin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Forest
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Grégoire Leclair
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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7
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Huff SE, Winter JM, Dealwis CG. Inhibitors of the Cancer Target Ribonucleotide Reductase, Past and Present. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060815. [PMID: 35740940 PMCID: PMC9221315 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) is an essential multi-subunit enzyme found in all living organisms; it catalyzes the rate-limiting step in dNTP synthesis, namely, the conversion of ribonucleoside diphosphates to deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates. As expression levels of human RR (hRR) are high during cell replication, hRR has long been considered an attractive drug target for a range of proliferative diseases, including cancer. While there are many excellent reviews regarding the structure, function, and clinical importance of hRR, recent years have seen an increase in novel approaches to inhibiting hRR that merit an updated discussion of the existing inhibitors and strategies to target this enzyme. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and clinical applications of classic nucleoside analog inhibitors of hRRM1 (large catalytic subunit), including gemcitabine and clofarabine, as well as inhibitors of the hRRM2 (free radical housing small subunit), including triapine and hydroxyurea. Additionally, we discuss novel approaches to targeting RR and the discovery of new classes of hRR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Huff
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Jordan M. Winter
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Akron, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Chris G. Dealwis
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Correspondence:
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Sales RR, Nogueira BL, Tosatti JAG, Gomes KB, Luizon MR. Do Genetic Polymorphisms Affect Fetal Hemoglobin (HbF) Levels in Patients With Sickle Cell Anemia Treated With Hydroxyurea? A Systematic Review and Pathway Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:779497. [PMID: 35126118 PMCID: PMC8814522 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.779497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyurea has long been used for the treatment of sickle cell anemia (SCA), and its clinical effectiveness is related to the induction of fetal hemoglobin (HbF), a major modifier of SCA phenotypes. However, there is substantial variability in response to hydroxyurea among patients with SCA. While some patients show an increase in HbF levels and an ameliorated clinical condition under low doses of hydroxyurea, other patients present a poor effect or even develop toxicity. However, the effects of genetic polymorphisms on increasing HbF levels in response to hydroxyurea in patients with SCA (Hb SS) have been less explored. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to assess whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affect HbF levels in patients with SCA treated with hydroxyurea. Moreover, we performed pathway analysis using the set of genes with SNPs found to be associated with changes in HbF levels in response to hydroxyurea among the included studies. The systematic literature search was conducted on Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, and Web of Science. Seven cohort studies were included following our inclusion and exclusion criteria. From the 728 genetic polymorphisms examined in the included studies, 50 different SNPs of 17 genes were found to be associated with HbF changes in patients with SCA treated with hydroxyurea, which are known to affect baseline HbF but are not restricted to them. Enrichment analysis of this gene set revealed reactome pathways with the lowest adjusted p-values and highest combined scores related to VEGF ligand–receptor interactions (R-HSA-194313; R-HSA-195399) and the urea cycle (R-HSA-70635). Pharmacogenetic studies of response to hydroxyurea therapy in patients with SCA are still scarce and markedly heterogeneous regarding candidate genes and SNPs examined for association with HbF changes and outcomes, suggesting that further studies are needed. The reviewed findings highlighted that similar to baseline HbF, changes in HbF levels upon hydroxyurea therapy are likely to be regulated by multiple loci. There is evidence that SNPs in intron 2 of BCL11A affect HbF changes in response to hydroxyurea therapy, a potential application that might improve the clinical management of SCA. Systematic Review Registration: (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=208790).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahyssa Rodrigues Sales
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Rahyssa Rodrigues Sales, ; Marcelo Rizzatti Luizon,
| | - Bárbara Lisboa Nogueira
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Abdo Gonçalves Tosatti
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyzes, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Karina Braga Gomes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyzes, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rizzatti Luizon
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Rahyssa Rodrigues Sales, ; Marcelo Rizzatti Luizon,
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9
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Safiarian MS, Watson RA, Lieberman RL, Barry BA, Offenbacher AR. E. coli Ribonucleotide Reductase β2 Subunit Inactivation by Triapine Occurs through Binding of a Triapine-Fe(II) Adduct. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9020-9025. [PMID: 34516127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), which supplies the building blocks for DNA biosynthesis and its repair, has been linked to human diseases and is emerging as a therapeutic target. Here, we present a mechanistic investigation of triapine (3AP), a clinically relevant small molecule that inhibits the tyrosyl radical within the RNR β2 subunit. Solvent kinetic isotope effects reveal that proton transfer is not rate-limiting for inhibition of Y122· of E. coli RNR β2 by the pertinent 3AP-Fe(II) adduct. Vibrational spectroscopy further demonstrates that unlike inhibition of the β2 tyrosyl radical by hydroxyurea, a carboxylate containing proton wire is not at play. Binding measurements reveal a low nanomolar affinity (Kd ∼ 6 nM) of 3AP-Fe(II) for β2. Taken together, these data should prompt further development of RNR inactivators based on the triapine scaffold for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Safiarian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - R Atlee Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Raquel L Lieberman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Bridgette A Barry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Adam R Offenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States
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10
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Tchernychev B, Li H, Lee S, Gao X, Ramanarasimhaiah R, Liu G, Hall KC, Bernier SG, Jones JE, Feil S, Feil R, Buys ES, Graul RM, Frenette PS, Masferrer JL. Olinciguat, a stimulator of soluble guanylyl cyclase, attenuates inflammation, vaso-occlusion and nephropathy in mouse models of sickle cell disease. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3463-3475. [PMID: 33864386 PMCID: PMC8453770 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Reduced bioavailability of NO, a hallmark of sickle cell disease (SCD), contributes to intravascular inflammation, vasoconstriction, vaso-occlusion and organ damage observed in SCD patients. Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) catalyses synthesis of cGMP in response to NO. cGMP-amplifying agents, including NO donors and phosphodiesterase 9 inhibitors, alleviate TNFα-induced inflammation in wild-type C57BL/6 mice and in 'humanised' mouse models of SCD. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of the sGC stimulator olinciguat on intravascular inflammation and renal injury were studied in acute (C57BL6 and Berkeley mice) and chronic (Townes mice) mouse models of TNFα-induced and systemic inflammation associated with SCD. KEY RESULTS Acute treatment with olinciguat attenuated increases in plasma biomarkers of endothelial cell activation and leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in TNFα-challenged mice. Co-treatment with hydroxyurea, an FDA-approved SCD therapeutic agent, further augmented the anti-inflammatory effect of olinciguat. In the Berkeley mouse model of TNFα-induced vaso-occlusive crisis, a single dose of olinciguat attenuated leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, improved blood flow and prolonged survival time compared to vehicle-treated mice. In Townes SCD mice, plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial cell activation were lower in olinciguat- than in vehicle-treated mice. In addition, kidney mass, water consumption, 24-h urine excretion, plasma levels of cystatin C and urinary excretion of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were lower in Townes mice treated with olinciguat than in vehicle-treated mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results suggest that the sGC stimulator olinciguat attenuates inflammation, vaso-occlusion and kidney injury in mouse models of SCD and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huihui Li
- Departments of Medicine and Cell BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Sung‐Kyun Lee
- Departments of Medicine and Cell BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Xin Gao
- Departments of Medicine and Cell BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Guang Liu
- Cyclerion Therapeutics Inc.BostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | | | - Susanne Feil
- Interfaculty Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Robert Feil
- Interfaculty Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | | | | | - Paul S. Frenette
- Departments of Medicine and Cell BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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11
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de Melo TRF, Dulmovits BM, Fernandes GFDS, de Souza CM, Lanaro C, He M, Al Abed Y, Chung MC, Blanc L, Costa FF, Dos Santos JL. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of pomalidomide derivatives useful for sickle cell disease treatment. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105077. [PMID: 34130111 PMCID: PMC8387409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) induction constitutes a valuable and validated approach to treat the symptoms of sickle cell disease (SCD). Here, we synthesized pomalidomide-nitric oxide (NO) donor derivatives (3a-f) and evaluated their suitability as novel HbF inducers. All compounds demonstrated different capacities of releasing NO, ranging 0.3-30.3%. Compound 3d was the most effective HbF inducer for CD34+ cells, exhibiting an effect similar to that of hydroxyurea. We investigated the mode of action of compound 3d for HbF induction by studying the in vitro alterations in the levels of transcription factors (BCL11A, IKAROS, and LRF), inhibition of histone deacetylase enzymes (HDAC-1 and HDAC-2), and measurement of cGMP levels. Additionally, compound 3d exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory effect similar to that of pomalidomide by reducing the TNF-α levels in human mononuclear cells treated with lipopolysaccharides up to 58.6%. Chemical hydrolysis studies revealed that compound 3d was stable at pH 7.4 up to 24 h. These results suggest that compound 3d is a novel HbF inducer prototype with the potential to treat SCD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian M Dulmovits
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA; Laboratory of Developmental Erythropoiesis, Les Nelkin Memorial Pediatric Oncology Laboratory, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | | | - Cristiane M de Souza
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Carolina Lanaro
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Minghzu He
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA; Laboratory of Developmental Erythropoiesis, Les Nelkin Memorial Pediatric Oncology Laboratory, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Yousef Al Abed
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA; Laboratory of Developmental Erythropoiesis, Les Nelkin Memorial Pediatric Oncology Laboratory, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Man Chin Chung
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Lionel Blanc
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Fernando Ferreira Costa
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Jean Leandro Dos Santos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil.
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12
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Hydroxyurea-The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071096. [PMID: 34356112 PMCID: PMC8304116 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyurea (HU) is mostly referred to as an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) and as the agent that is commonly used to arrest cells in the S-phase of the cycle by inducing replication stress. It is a well-known and widely used drug, one which has proved to be effective in treating chronic myeloproliferative disorders and which is considered a staple agent in sickle anemia therapy and—recently—a promising factor in preventing cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease. The reversibility of HU-induced replication inhibition also makes it a common laboratory ingredient used to synchronize cell cycles. On the other hand, prolonged treatment or higher dosage of hydroxyurea causes cell death due to accumulation of DNA damage and oxidative stress. Hydroxyurea treatments are also still far from perfect and it has been suggested that it facilitates skin cancer progression. Also, recent studies have shown that hydroxyurea may affect a larger number of enzymes due to its less specific interaction mechanism, which may contribute to further as-yet unspecified factors affecting cell response. In this review, we examine the actual state of knowledge about hydroxyurea and the mechanisms behind its cytotoxic effects. The practical applications of the recent findings may prove to enhance the already existing use of the drug in new and promising ways.
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13
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Taylor CM, Kasztan M, Sedaka R, Molina PA, Dunaway LS, Pollock JS, Pollock DM. Hydroxyurea improves nitric oxide bioavailability in humanized sickle cell mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R630-R640. [PMID: 33624556 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00205.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite advancements in disease management, sickle cell nephropathy, a major contributor to mortality and morbidity in patients, has limited therapeutic options. Previous studies indicate hydroxyurea, a commonly prescribed therapy for sickle cell disease (SCD), can reduce renal injury in SCD but the mechanisms are uncertain. Because SCD is associated with reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, we hypothesized that hydroxyurea treatment would improve NO bioavailability in the humanized sickle cell mouse. Humanized male 12-wk-old sickle (HbSS) and genetic control (HbAA) mice were treated with hydroxyurea or regular tap water for 2 wk before renal and systemic NO bioavailability as well as renal injury were assessed. Untreated HbSS mice exhibited increased proteinuria, elevated plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1), and reduced urine concentrating ability compared with HbAA mice. Hydroxyurea reduced proteinuria and plasma ET-1 levels in HbSS mice. Untreated HbSS mice had reduced plasma nitrite and elevated plasma arginase concentrations compared with HbAA mice. Hydroxyurea treatment augmented plasma nitrite and attenuated plasma arginase in HbSS mice. Renal vessels isolated from HbSS mice also had elevated nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) and arginase 2 expression compared with untreated HbAA mice. Hydroxyurea treatment did not alter renal vascular NOS3, however, renal vascular arginase 2 expression was significantly reduced. These data support the hypothesis that hydroxyurea treatment augments renal and systemic NO bioavailability by reducing arginase activity as a potential mechanism for the improvement on renal injury seen in SCD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M Taylor
- Section of Cardio-renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Malgorzata Kasztan
- Section of Cardio-renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Randee Sedaka
- Section of Cardio-renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Patrick A Molina
- Section of Cardio-renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Luke S Dunaway
- Section of Cardio-renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jennifer S Pollock
- Section of Cardio-renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David M Pollock
- Section of Cardio-renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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14
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Folkes LK, Bartesaghi S, Trujillo M, Wardman P, Radi R. The effects of nitric oxide or oxygen on the stable products formed from the tyrosine phenoxyl radical. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:141-153. [PMID: 33399021 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1870684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine is a critical component of many proteins and can be the subject of oxidative posttranslational modifications. Furthermore, the oxidation of tyrosine residues to phenoxyl radicals, sometimes quite stable, is essential for some enzymatic functions. The lifetime and fate of tyrosine phenoxyl radicals in biological systems are largely driven by the availability and proximity of oxidants and reductants. Tyrosine phenoxyl radicals have extremely low reactivity with molecular oxygen whereas reactions with nitric oxide are diffusion controlled. This is in contrast to equivalent reactions with tryptophanyl and cysteinyl radicals where reactions with oxygen are much faster. Despite, the quite disparate apparent reactivity of tyrosine phenoxyl radicals with oxygen and nitric oxide being known, the products of the reactions are not well established. Changes in the levels from expected basal concentrations of stable products resulting from tyrosine phenoxyl radicals, for example naturally occurring 3,3'-dityrosine, 3-nitrotyrosine, and 3-hydroxytyrosine, can be indicative of oxidative and/or nitrosative stress. Using the radiolytic generation of specific oxidizing radicals to form tyrosine phenoxyl radicals in an aqueous solution at a known rate, we have compared the products in the absence and presence of nitric oxide or oxygen. Possible reactions of the phenoxyl radicals with oxygen remain unclear although we show evidence for a small decrease in the yield of dityrosine and loss of tyrosine in the presence of 20% oxygen. Low concentrations of nitric oxide in anoxic conditions react with tyrosine phenoxyl radicals, by what is most probably through the formation of an unstable intermediate, regenerating tyrosine and forming nitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Folkes
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Silvina Bartesaghi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Peter Wardman
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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15
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Mukosera GT, Liu T, Manaen M, Zhu L, Power G, Schroeder H, Blood AB. Deferoxamine produces nitric oxide under ferricyanide oxidation, blood incubation, and UV-irradiation. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:458-470. [PMID: 32828952 PMCID: PMC11059783 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Deferoxamine (DFO), an iron chelator, is used therapeutically for the removal of excess iron in multiple clinical conditions such as beta thalassemia and intracerebral hemorrhage. DFO is also used as an iron chelator and hypoxia-mimetic agent in in vivo and in vitro basic research. Here we unexpectedly discover DFO to be a nitric oxide (NO) precursor in experiments where it was intended to act as an iron chelator. Production of NO from aqueous solutions of DFO was directly observed by ozone-based chemiluminescence using a ferricyanide-based assay and was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). DFO also produced NO following exposure to ultraviolet light, and its incubation with sheep adult and fetal blood resulted in considerable formation of iron nitrosyl hemoglobin, as confirmed by both visible spectroscopy and EPR. These results suggest that experiments using DFO can be confounded by concomitant production of NO, and offer new insight into some of DFO's unexplained clinical side effects such as hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- George T Mukosera
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Taiming Liu
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Meshach Manaen
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Lingchao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Gordon Power
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Hobe Schroeder
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Arlin B Blood
- Lawrence D Longo Center for Perinatal Biology and Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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16
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Surgical and Medical Perioperative Management of Sickle Cell Retinopathy: A Literature Review. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2020; 60:77-87. [PMID: 33093318 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Osunkwo I, Manwani D, Kanter J. Current and novel therapies for the prevention of vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease. Ther Adv Hematol 2020; 11:2040620720955000. [PMID: 33062233 PMCID: PMC7534097 DOI: 10.1177/2040620720955000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) are living further into adulthood in high-resource countries. However, despite increased quantity of life, recurrent, acute painful episodes cause significant morbidity for affected individuals. These SCD-related painful episodes, also referred to as vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs), have multifactorial causes, and they often occur as a result of multicellular aggregation and vascular adherence of red blood cells, neutrophils, and platelets, leading to recurrent and unpredictable occlusion of the microcirculation. In addition to severe pain, long-term complications of vaso-occlusion may include damage to muscle and/or bone, in addition to vital organs such as the liver, spleen, kidneys, and brain. Severe pain associated with VOCs also has a substantial detrimental impact on quality of life for individuals with SCD, and is associated with increased health care utilization, financial hardship, and impairments in education and vocation attainment. Previous treatments have targeted primarily SCD symptom management, or were broad nontargeted therapies, and include oral or parenteral hydration, analgesics (including opioids), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, and various other types of nonpharmacologic pain management strategies to treat the pain associated with VOC. With increased understanding of the pathophysiology of VOCs, there are several new potential therapies that specifically target the pathologic process of vaso-occlusion. These new therapies may reduce cell adhesion and inflammation, leading to decreased incidence of VOCs and prevention of end-organ damage. In this review, we consider the benefits and limitations of current treatments to reduce the occurrence of VOCs in individuals with SCD and the potential impact of emerging treatments on future disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeyinwa Osunkwo
- Non-Malignant Hematology Section, The Levine Cancer Institute and Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Deepa Manwani
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie Kanter
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue S, NP 2510, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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18
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Santana SS, Pitanga TN, de Santana JM, Zanette DL, Vieira JDJ, Yahouédéhou SCMA, Adanho CSA, Viana SDM, Luz NF, Borges VM, Goncalves MS. Hydroxyurea Scavenges Free Radicals and Induces the Expression of Antioxidant Genes in Human Cell Cultures Treated With Hemin. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1488. [PMID: 32765515 PMCID: PMC7380266 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The excessive release of heme during hemolysis contributes to the severity of sickle cell anemia (SCA) by exacerbating hemoglobin S (HbS) autoxidation, inflammation and systemic tissue damage. The present study investigated the effect of hydroxyurea (HU) on free radical neutralization and its stimulation of antioxidant genes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in the presence or absence of hemin. HU (100 and 200 μM) significantly reduced the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by hemin at 70 μM in HUVEC. HUVECs treated with HU+hemin presented significant increases in nitric oxide (NO) production in culture supernatants. HU alone or in combination with hemin promoted the induction of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) and glutathione disulfide-reductase (GSR) in HUVECs and PBMCs, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) in PBMCs. Microarray analysis performed in HUVECs indicated that HU induces increased expression of genes involved in the antioxidant response system: SOD2, GSR, microsomal glutathione S-transferase (MGST1), glutathione S-transferase mu 2 (GSTM2), carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) and klotho B (KLB). Significant increases in expression were observed in genes with kinase activity: protein kinase C beta (PRKCB), zeta (PRKCZ) and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2 beta (PIK3C2B). HU also induced a significant increase in expression of the gene p62/sequestosome (p62/SQSTM1) and a significant decrease in the expression of the transcriptional factor BACH1 in HUVECs. Upstream analysis predicted the activation of Jun, miR-155-5p and mir-141-3p. These results suggest that HU directly scavenges free radicals and induces the expression of antioxidant genes via induction of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sânzio Silva Santana
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM/FIOCRUZ-BA), Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Biomedicina, Universidade Católica do Salvador (UCSal), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Thassila Nogueira Pitanga
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM/FIOCRUZ-BA), Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Biomedicina, Universidade Católica do Salvador (UCSal), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nivea Farias Luz
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM/FIOCRUZ-BA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Valeria Matos Borges
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM/FIOCRUZ-BA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Marilda Souza Goncalves
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM/FIOCRUZ-BA), Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
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19
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Offenbacher AR, Barry BA. A Proton Wire Mediates Proton Coupled Electron Transfer from Hydroxyurea and Other Hydroxamic Acids to Tyrosyl Radical in Class Ia Ribonucleotide Reductase. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:345-354. [PMID: 31904962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b08587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is fundamental to many important biological reactions, including solar energy conversion and DNA synthesis. For example, class Ia ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) contain a tyrosyl radical-diiron cofactor with one aspartate ligand, D84. The tyrosyl radical, Y122•, in the β2 subunit acts as a radical initiator and oxidizes an active site cysteine in the α2 subunit. A transient quaternary α2/β2 complex is induced by substrate and effector binding. The hydroxamic acid, hydroxyurea (HU), reduces Y122• in a PCET reaction involving an electron and proton. This reaction is associated with the loss of activity, a conformational change at Y122, and a change in hydrogen bonding to the Fe1 ligand, D84. Here, we use isotopic labeling, solvent isotope exchange, proton inventories, and reaction-induced Fourier transform infrared (RIFT-IR) spectroscopy to show that the PCET reactions of hydroxamic acids are associated with a characteristic spectrum, which is assignable to electrostatic changes at nonligating aspartate residues. Notably, RIFT-IR spectroscopy reveals this characteristic spectrum when the effects of HU, hydroxylamine, and N-methylhydroxylamine are compared. A large solvent isotope effect is observed for each of the hydroxamic acid reactions, and proton inventories predict that the reactions are associated with the transfer of multiple protons in the transition state. The reduction of Y122• with 4-methoxyphenol does not lead to these characteristic carboxylate shifts and is associated with only a small solvent isotope effect. In addition to studies of the effects of hydroxamic acids on β2 alone, the reactions involving the quaternary α2β2 complex were also investigated. HU treatment of the quaternary complex, α2/β2/ATP/CDP, leads to a similar carboxylate shift spectrum, as observed with β2 alone. The use of globally labeled 13C chimeras (13C α2, 13C β2) confirms the assignment. Because the spectrum is sensitive to 13C β2 labeling, but not 13C α2 labeling, the quaternary complex spectrum is assigned to electrostatic changes in β2 carboxylate groups. Examination of the β2 X-ray structure reveals a hydrogen-bonded network leading from the protein surface to Y122. This predicted network includes nonligating aspartates, glutamate ligands to the iron cluster, and predicted crystallographically resolved water molecules. The network is similar when class Ia RNR structures from Escherichia coli, human, and mouse are compared. We propose that the PCET reactions of hydroxamic acids are mediated by a hydrogen-bonded proton wire in the β2 subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Offenbacher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina 27858 , United States
| | - Bridgette A Barry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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20
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Shah N, Bhor M, Xie L, Halloway R, Arcona S, Paulose J, Yuce H. Treatment patterns and economic burden of sickle-cell disease patients prescribed hydroxyurea: a retrospective claims-based study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2019; 17:155. [PMID: 31619251 PMCID: PMC6794855 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-019-1225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate sickle-cell disease (SCD) treatment patterns and economic burden among patients prescribed hydroxyurea (HU) in the US, through claims data. Methods SCD patients with pharmacy claims for HU were selected from the Medicaid Analytic Extracts (MAX) from January 1, 2009 - December 31, 2013. The first HU prescription during the identification period was defined as the index date and patients were required to have had continuous medical and pharmacy benefits for ≥6 months baseline and 12 months follow-up periods. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, health care utilization, and costs were examined, and variables were analyzed descriptively. Results A total of 3999 SCD patients prescribed HU were included; the mean age was 19.24 years, most patients were African American (73.3%), and the mean Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score was 0.6. Asthma (20.3%), acute chest syndrome (15.6%), and infectious and parasitic diseases (20%) were the most prevalent comorbidities. During the 12-month follow-up period, 58.9% (N = 2357) of patients discontinued HU medication. The mean medication possession ratio (MPR) was 0.52, and 22.3% of patients had MPR ≥80%. The average length of stay (LOS) for SCD-related hospitalization was 13.35 days; 64% of patients had ≥1 SCD-related hospitalization. The mean annual total SCD-related costs per patient were $27,779, mostly inpatient costs ($20,128). Conclusions Overall, the study showed the patients had significant unmet needs manifest as poor medication adherence, high treatment discontinuation rates, and high economic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Menaka Bhor
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Lin Xie
- STAinMED Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,New York City College of Technology (CUNY), New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Steve Arcona
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Jincy Paulose
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Huseyin Yuce
- New York City College of Technology (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
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21
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TTP-like syndrome associated with hemoglobin SC disease treated successfully with plasma and red cell exchange. Leuk Res Rep 2019; 12:100179. [PMID: 31388486 PMCID: PMC6676459 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2019.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sickle cell hemoglobinopathies are associated with end organ damage but very rarely present with a clinical and laboratory picture of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) and thrombocytopenia, characteristic of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Case presentation We present a patient with HbSC disease who developed thrombotic microangiopathy, needing both RBC exchange transfusion and therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) for complete clinical recovery. Conclusion Although literature showed therapeutic plasma exchange alone can abrogate a similar clinical scenario, we did an in-depth review which concluded that in most of the TMA cases secondary to sickle cell disease, treatment with both with plasma exchange and red cell exchange transfusion are necessary.
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22
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Kassa T, Wood F, Strader MB, Alayash AI. Antisickling Drugs Targeting βCys93 Reduce Iron Oxidation and Oxidative Changes in Sickle Cell Hemoglobin. Front Physiol 2019; 10:931. [PMID: 31396101 PMCID: PMC6668304 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease is a genetic blood disorder caused by a single point mutation in the β globin gene where glutamic acid is replaced by valine at the sixth position of the β chain of hemoglobin (Hb). At low oxygen tension, the polymerization of deoxyHbS into fibers occurs in red blood cells (RBCs) leading to an impaired blood vessel transit. Sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS), when oxidized with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), stays longer in a highly oxidizing ferryl (Fe4+) form causing irreversible oxidation of βCys93 to a destabilizing cysteic acid. We have previously reported that an antisickling drug can be designed to bind specifically to βCys93 and effectively protect against its irreversible oxidation by H2O2. Here, we report oxygen dissociation, oxidation, and polymerization kinetic reactions for four antisickling drugs (under different preclinical/clinical developmental stages) that either site-specifically target βCys93 or other sites on the HbS molecule. Molecules that specifically bind to or modify βCys93, such as 4,4′-di(1,2,3-triazolyl) disulfide (TD-3) and hydroxyurea (HU) were contrasted with molecules that target other sites on Hb including 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) and L-glutamine. All reagents induced a left shift in the oxygen dissociation curve (ODC) except L-glutamine. In the presence of H2O2 (2.5:1, H2O2:heme), both TD-3 and HU reduced the ferryl heme by 22 and 37%, respectively, which corresponded to a 3- to 2-fold reduction in the levels of βCys93 oxidation as verified by mass spectrometry. Increases in the delay times prior to polymerization of HbS under hypoxia were in the following order: TD-3 > HU > 5-HMF = L-glutamine. Designing antisickling agents that can specifically target βCys93 may provide a dual antioxidant and antisickling therapeutic benefits in treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tigist Kassa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Francine Wood
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Michael Brad Strader
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Abdu I Alayash
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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23
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Ojewunmi OO, Adeyemo TA, Ayinde OC, Iwalokun B, Adekile A. Current perspectives of sickle cell disease in Nigeria: changing the narratives. Expert Rev Hematol 2019; 12:609-620. [PMID: 31195888 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2019.1631155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder characterized by clinical heterogeneity that may be influenced by environmental factors, ethnicity, race, social and economic factors as well as genetic and epigenetic factors. Areas covered: The present review was carried out to provide a comprehensive assessment of the current burden of SCD and treatments available for persons with SCD in Nigeria with the aim of identifying surveillance and treatment gaps, informing to guide the planning and implementation of better crisis prevention measures for SCD patients and set an agenda for new areas of SCD research in the country. This review assessed medical, biomedical and genetic studies on SCD patients in Nigeria and other endemic countries of the world. Expert opinion: Integration of hydroxyurea therapy into the management of SCD and surveillance via new-born screening (NBS) for early detection and management will improve the survival of persons with SCD in Nigeria. However, it will be important to carry out pilot studies, initiate strategic advocacy initiatives to educate the people about NBS benefits, develop collaborations between potential stakeholders and design sustainable financing scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Titilope A Adeyemo
- b Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos , Lagos , Nigeria
| | - Oluseyi C Ayinde
- c School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University , Birmingham , UK
| | - Bamidele Iwalokun
- d Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research , Lagos , Nigeria
| | - Adekunle Adekile
- e Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University , Kuwait City , Kuwait
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24
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Houwing ME, de Pagter PJ, van Beers EJ, Biemond BJ, Rettenbacher E, Rijneveld AW, Schols EM, Philipsen JNJ, Tamminga RYJ, van Draat KF, Nur E, Cnossen MH. Sickle cell disease: Clinical presentation and management of a global health challenge. Blood Rev 2019; 37:100580. [PMID: 31128863 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive, multisystem disorder, characterised by chronic haemolytic anaemia, painful episodes of vaso-occlusion, progressive organ failure and a reduced life expectancy. Sickle cell disease is the most common monogenetic disease, with millions affected worldwide. In well-resourced countries, comprehensive care programs have increased life expectancy of sickle cell disease patients, with almost all infants surviving into adulthood. Therapeutic options for sickle cell disease patients are however, still scarce. Predictors of sickle cell disease severity and a better understanding of pathophysiology and (epi)genetic modifiers are warranted and could lead to more precise management and treatment. This review provides an extensive summary of the pathophysiology and management of sickle cell disease and encompasses the characteristics, complications and current and future treatment options of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Houwing
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015, CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - P J de Pagter
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015, CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - E J van Beers
- Department of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Internal mail no C.01.412, 3508, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - B J Biemond
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Haematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - E Rettenbacher
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Radboud University Medical Center - Amalia Children's Hospital, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6500, HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - A W Rijneveld
- Department of Haematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015, CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - E M Schols
- Department of Haematology, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - J N J Philipsen
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015, CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - R Y J Tamminga
- Department of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, University Medical Center Groningen - Beatrix Children's Hospital, Postbus 30001, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands..
| | - K Fijn van Draat
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers - Emma Children's Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, the Netherlands.
| | - E Nur
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Haematology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - M H Cnossen
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Erasmus University Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015, CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Telen MJ, Malik P, Vercellotti GM. Therapeutic strategies for sickle cell disease: towards a multi-agent approach. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:139-158. [PMID: 30514970 PMCID: PMC6645400 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-018-0003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For over 100 years, clinicians and scientists have been unravelling the consequences of the A to T substitution in the β-globin gene that produces haemoglobin S, which leads to the systemic manifestations of sickle cell disease (SCD), including vaso-occlusion, anaemia, haemolysis, organ injury and pain. However, despite growing understanding of the mechanisms of haemoglobin S polymerization and its effects on red blood cells, only two therapies for SCD - hydroxyurea and L-glutamine - are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Moreover, these treatment options do not fully address the manifestations of SCD, which arise from a complex network of interdependent pathophysiological processes. In this article, we review efforts to develop new drugs targeting these processes, including agents that reactivate fetal haemoglobin, anti-sickling agents, anti-adhesion agents, modulators of ischaemia-reperfusion and oxidative stress, agents that counteract free haemoglobin and haem, anti-inflammatory agents, anti-thrombotic agents and anti-platelet agents. We also discuss gene therapy, which holds promise of a cure, although its widespread application is currently limited by technical challenges and the expense of treatment. We thus propose that developing systems-oriented multi-agent strategies on the basis of SCD pathophysiology is needed to improve the quality of life and survival of people with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J Telen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine and Duke Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Punam Malik
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology and the Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gregory M Vercellotti
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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26
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Nader E, Grau M, Fort R, Collins B, Cannas G, Gauthier A, Walpurgis K, Martin C, Bloch W, Poutrel S, Hot A, Renoux C, Thevis M, Joly P, Romana M, Guillot N, Connes P. Hydroxyurea therapy modulates sickle cell anemia red blood cell physiology: Impact on RBC deformability, oxidative stress, nitrite levels and nitric oxide synthase signalling pathway. Nitric Oxide 2018; 81:28-35. [PMID: 30342855 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyurea (HU) has been suggested to act as a nitric oxide (NO) donor in sickle cell anemia (SCA). However, little is known about the HU NO-related effects on red blood cell (RBC) physiology and NO signalling pathway. Thirty-four patients with SCA (22 under HU treatment (HU+) and 12 without (HU-)) and 17 healthy subjects (AA) were included. RBC nitrite content, deformability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured. RBC NO-synthase (RBC-NOS) signalling pathway was assessed by the measurement of RBC-NOS serine1177 and RBC-AKT serine473 phosphorylation. We also investigated the in vitro effects of Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, on the same parameters in SCA RBC. RBC nitrite content was higher in HU+ than in HU- and AA. RBC deformability was decreased in SCA patients compared to AA but the decrease was more pronounced in HU-. RBC ROS level was increased in SCA compared to AA but the level was higher in HU- than in HU+. RBC-NOS serine1177 and RBC-AKT serine473 phosphorylation were decreased in HU+ compared to HU- and AA. SCA RBC treated with SNP showed increased deformability, reduced ROS content and a decrease in AKT and RBC-NOS phosphorylation. Our study suggests that HU, through its effects on foetal hemoglobin and possibly on NO delivery, would modulate RBC NO signalling pathway, RBC rheology and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Nader
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell », Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Marijke Grau
- Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Germany
| | - Romain Fort
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell », Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France; Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bianca Collins
- Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Germany
| | - Giovanna Cannas
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell », Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France; Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandra Gauthier
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell », Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France; Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Katja Walpurgis
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cyril Martin
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell », Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Germany
| | - Solène Poutrel
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Arnaud Hot
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Céline Renoux
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell », Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, UF de biochimie des pathologies érythrocytaires, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mario Thevis
- Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philippe Joly
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell », Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, UF de biochimie des pathologies érythrocytaires, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marc Romana
- Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France; UMR Inserm 1134, Hôpital Ricou, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe
| | - Nicolas Guillot
- Laboratoire Carmen Inserm 1060, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM) EA7424, Team « Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell », Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (Labex GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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27
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Beneficial Effect of Low Fixed Dose of Hydroxyurea in Vaso-occlusive Crisis and Transfusion Requirements in Adult HbSS Patients: A Prospective Study in a Tertiary Care Center. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2017; 34:294-298. [PMID: 29622872 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-017-0869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant reduction in morbidity and mortality have been documented in patients with sickle cell disease (HbSS) by most of the studies using hydroxyurea at a dose of 25-35 mg/kg/day or maximum tolerated dose. But toxicities, need for frequent monitoring, compliance and cost are important hurdles particularly in Indian set up. We undertook this study to find out the efficacy, safety compliance rate of low fixed dose of hydroxyurea (10 mg/kg/day) in patients presenting to our hospital and its impact on clinical profile and laboratory parameters. A cohort of 128 (82 males, 46 females) confirmed HbSS cases (each >18 years age, vaso-occlusive crisis >2/years and/ or rate of transfusion 1-2 units/month) with no disease related end organ damage were assessed prospectively between 2013 and 2016. They were started on 10 mg/kg/day hydroxyurea along with other supportive care and followed up monthly for 1 year. Clinical and laboratory parameters before and after therapy were reviewed and compared. In 92% of cases presenting with repeated vaso-occlusive crisis, VOC disappeared completely during follow up and in 8% we found significant reduction in severity as well as frequency of attacks (p < 0.01). Again in 87%, no further transfusion was required during follow up and in 13%, it further reduced the rate of transfusion (p < 0.01). The median time of response for VOC was 3 months and in transfusion requirement was 5 months. There was also significant reduction in S.Billirubin, S.LDH, disease related complications and rate of hospitalisation with significant improvement in Hb, MCV, and MCH. There is insignificant increase in HbF with median (1.5-2.4)% and in 5 cases >5%. We did not find any remarkable adverse effect of the drug during the study period. Low fixed dose hydroxyurea (10 mg/kg/day) is beneficial in reducing the vaso-occlusive crisis and transfusion requirement in adult HbSS Patients (Arab-Indian Haplotype). It is safe, suitable and is a effective mode of treatment in resource poor setting like India.
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Möckesch B, Connes P, Charlot K, Skinner S, Hardy-Dessources MD, Romana M, Jumet S, Petras M, Divialle-Doumdo L, Martin C, Tressières B, Tarer V, Hue O, Etienne-Julan M, Antoine S, Pialoux V. Association between oxidative stress and vascular reactivity in children with sickle cell anaemia and sickle haemoglobin C disease. Br J Haematol 2017; 178:468-475. [PMID: 28466542 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and haemolysis-associated nitric oxide (NO) depletion plays a crucial role in the development of vasculopathy in sickle cell anaemia (SS). However it remains unknown whether oxidative stress and haemolysis levels influence vascular function in patients with sickle haemoglobin C disease (SC). Microvascular response to heat (using Laser Doppler flowmetry on finger), oxidative stress biomarkers, NO metabolites, endothelin-1 and haematological parameters were compared between patients with SS and SC. Vascular function, oxidative and nitrosative markers were also measured in healthy (AA) children. SS and SC had increased plasma advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), malondialdehyde, plasma antioxidant activities and NO end products, compared to AA. SC had lower catalase activity compared to AA and SS. Haemolytic rate, glutathione peroxidase and nitrotyrosine concentrations were significantly increased in children with SS compared to SC and AA. SS and SC had impaired microvascular reactivity compared to AA. In SS, the plateau phase of the response to local thermal heating was negatively associated with nitrotyrosine and AOPP. No association between vascular function parameters and oxidative stress markers was observed in SC. Mild haemolysis in SC, compared to SS, may limit oxidative and nitrosative stress and could explain the better preserved microvascular function in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenike Möckesch
- Laboratory ACTES (EA 3596), French West Indies University, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.,UMR Inserm U1134, French West Indies University, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (LABEX GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", University of Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,UMR Inserm U1134, French West Indies University, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (LABEX GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Keyne Charlot
- Laboratory ACTES (EA 3596), French West Indies University, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.,UMR Inserm U1134, French West Indies University, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (LABEX GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France.,Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Sarah Skinner
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", University of Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (LABEX GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Dominique Hardy-Dessources
- UMR Inserm U1134, French West Indies University, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (LABEX GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Marc Romana
- UMR Inserm U1134, French West Indies University, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (LABEX GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Jumet
- Laboratory ACTES (EA 3596), French West Indies University, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Marie Petras
- Sickle Cell Center, Academic Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Lydia Divialle-Doumdo
- Sickle Cell Center, Academic Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Cyril Martin
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", University of Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (LABEX GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Tressières
- Centre Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, 1424 Inserm, Academic Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Vanessa Tarer
- Sickle Cell Center, Academic Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Olivier Hue
- Laboratory ACTES (EA 3596), French West Indies University, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Maryse Etienne-Julan
- Sickle Cell Center, Academic Hospital of Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Sophie Antoine
- Laboratory ACTES (EA 3596), French West Indies University, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Laboratory LIBM EA7424, Team "Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell", University of Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence du Globule Rouge (LABEX GR-Ex), PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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Maiocchi SL, Morris JC, Rees MD, Thomas SR. Regulation of the nitric oxide oxidase activity of myeloperoxidase by pharmacological agents. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 135:90-115. [PMID: 28344126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The leukocyte-derived heme enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) is released extracellularly during inflammation and impairs nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability by directly oxidizing NO or producing NO-consuming substrate radicals. Here, structurally diverse pharmacological agents with activities as MPO substrates/inhibitors or antioxidants were screened for their effects on MPO NO oxidase activity in human plasma and physiological model systems containing endogenous MPO substrates/antioxidants (tyrosine, urate, ascorbate). Hydrazide-based irreversible/reversible MPO inhibitors (4-ABAH, isoniazid) or the sickle cell anaemia drug, hydroxyurea, all promoted MPO NO oxidase activity. This involved the capacity of NO to antagonize MPO inhibition by hydrazide-derived radicals and/or the ability of drug-derived radicals to stimulate MPO turnover thereby increasing NO consumption by MPO redox intermediates or NO-consuming radicals. In contrast, the mechanism-based irreversible MPO inhibitor 2-thioxanthine, potently inhibited MPO turnover and NO consumption. Although the phenolics acetaminophen and resveratrol initially increased MPO turnover and NO consumption, they limited the overall extent of NO loss by rapidly depleting H2O2 and promoting the formation of ascorbyl radicals, which inefficiently consume NO. The vitamin E analogue trolox inhibited MPO NO oxidase activity in ascorbate-depleted fluids by scavenging NO-consuming tyrosyl and urate radicals. Tempol and related nitroxides decreased NO consumption in ascorbate-replete fluids by scavenging MPO-derived ascorbyl radicals. Indoles or apocynin yielded marginal effects. Kinetic analyses rationalized differences in drug activities and identified criteria for the improved inhibition of MPO NO oxidase activity. This study reveals that widely used agents have important implications for MPO NO oxidase activity under physiological conditions, highlighting new pharmacological strategies for preserving NO bioavailability during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Maiocchi
- Mechanisms of Disease & Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jonathan C Morris
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martin D Rees
- Mechanisms of Disease & Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Shane R Thomas
- Mechanisms of Disease & Translational Research, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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30
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S-Nitrosylated fetal hemoglobin in neonatal human blood. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:1084-1089. [PMID: 27060546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives play important roles in the cardiopulmonary transition upon birth and in other oxygen-sensitive developmental milestones. One mechanism for the coupling of oxygen sensing and signaling by NO species is via the formation of an S-nitrosothiol (SNO) moiety on hemoglobin (Hb, forming SNO-Hb) and its release from the red blood cell in hypoxia. Although SNO-Hb formed on adult-type Hb (HbA, forming SNO-HbA) has been documented in physiological and pathophysiological human states, the fetal variant, SNO-HbF, has thus far not been isolated or characterized in human blood. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed a technique capable of separating Hbs A and F under conditions that preserve SNO. We then measured SNO-HbF in the blood of healthy and premature or otherwise ill neonates using the gold standard for SNO measurement, mercury-coupled photolysis-chemiluminescence. SNO-HbF levels were in the range of those previously reported for HbA in adults. We found that SNO-HbF was more abundant at earlier gestational age (<30 weeks), even when accounting for the absolute HbF level. CONCLUSIONS The ability to monitor SNO-HbF could provide new insights into fetal development and the perinatal transition, and has potential as a biomarker relevant to the management of neonatal diseases.
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31
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Iughetti L, Bigi E, Venturelli D. Novel insights in the management of sickle cell disease in childhood. World J Clin Pediatr 2016; 5:25-34. [PMID: 26862499 PMCID: PMC4737690 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v5.i1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a life-threatening genetic disorder characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, vascular injury and multiorgan dysfunctions. Over the last few decades, there have been significant improvements in SCD management in Western countries, especially in pediatric population. An early onset of prophylaxis with Penicillin and a proper treatment of the infections have increased the overall survival in childhood. Nevertheless, management of painful episodes and prevention of organ damage are still challenging and more efforts are needed to better understand the mechanisms behind the development of chronic organ damages. Hydroxyurea (Hydroxycarbamide, HU), the only medication approved as a disease-modifying agent by the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency, is usually under-used, especially in developing countries. Currently, hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation is considered the only curative option, although its use is limited by lack of donors and transplant-related toxicity. SCD symptoms are similar in children and adults, but complications and systemic organ damages increase with age, leading to early mortality worldwide. Experts in comprehensive care of young patients with SCD, especially those approaching the transition age to adulthood, are missing, leading people to rely on urgent care, increasing health care utilization costs and inappropriate treatments. It would be important to establish programs of comprehensive healthcare for patients with SCD from birth to adulthood, to improve their quality and expectancy of life.
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Luchtman-Jones L, Pressel S, Hilliard L, Brown RC, Smith MG, Thompson AA, Lee MT, Rothman J, Rogers ZR, Owen W, Imran H, Thornburg C, Kwiatkowski JL, Aygun B, Nelson S, Roberts C, Gauger C, Piccone C, Kalfa T, Alvarez O, Hassell K, Davis BR, Ware RE. Effects of hydroxyurea treatment for patients with hemoglobin SC disease. Am J Hematol 2016; 91:238-42. [PMID: 26615793 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although hemoglobin SC (HbSC) disease is usually considered less severe than sickle cell anemia (SCA), which includes HbSS and HbS/β(0) -thalassemia genotypes, many patients with HbSC experience severe disease complications, including vaso-occlusive pain, acute chest syndrome, avascular necrosis, retinopathy, and poor quality of life. Fully 20 years after the clinical and laboratory efficacy of hydroxyurea was proven in adult SCA patients, the safety and utility of hydroxyurea treatment for HbSC patients remain unclear. Recent NHLBI evidence-based guidelines highlight this as a critical knowledge gap, noting HbSC accounts for ∼30% of sickle cell patients within the United States. To date, only 5 publications have reported short-term, incomplete, or conflicting laboratory and clinical outcomes of hydroxyurea treatment in a total of 71 adults and children with HbSC. We now report on a cohort of 133 adult and pediatric HbSC patients who received hydroxyurea, typically for recurrent vaso-occlusive pain. Hydroxyurea treatment was associated with a stable hemoglobin concentration; increased fetal hemoglobin (HbF) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV); and reduced white blood cell count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and absolute reticulocyte count (ARC). Reversible cytopenias occurred in 22% of patients, primarily neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Painful events were reduced with hydroxyurea, more in patients >15 years old. These multicenter data support the safety and potentially salutary effects of hydroxyurea treatment for HbSC disease; however, a multicenter, placebo-controlled, Phase 3 clinical trial is needed to determine if hydroxyurea therapy has efficacy for patients with HbSC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Luchtman-Jones
- Division of Hematology; Children's National Medical Center; Washington DC
- Division of Hematology; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Sara Pressel
- Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials; University of Texas School of Public Health; Houston Texas
| | - Lee Hilliard
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; University of Alabama; Birmingham Alabama
| | - R. Clark Brown
- Division of Pediatric Hematolgoy/Oncology; Emory University/Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Mary G. Smith
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; University of Mississippi Medical Center; Jackson Mississippi
| | - Alexis A. Thompson
- Division of Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation; Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago; Chicago Illinois
| | - Margaret T. Lee
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation; Columbia University Medical Center; New York New York
| | - Jennifer Rothman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina
| | - Zora R. Rogers
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas Texas
| | - William Owen
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Program; Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters; Norfolk Virginia
| | - Hamayun Imran
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; University of South Alabama; Mobile Alabama
| | - Courtney Thornburg
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; Rady Children's Hospital/University of California San Diego; San Diego California
| | - Janet L. Kwiatkowski
- Division of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology; The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Banu Aygun
- Division of Hematology Oncology; Cohen Children's Medical Center; New Hyde Park New York
| | - Stephen Nelson
- Hematology/Oncology Division; Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota; Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Carla Roberts
- Division of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology; University of South Carolina; South Carolina Columbia
| | - Cynthia Gauger
- Hematology/Oncology; Nemours Children's Clinic; Jacksonville Florida
| | - Connie Piccone
- Pediatric Sickle Cell Anemia Program; University Hospitals/Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital; Cleveland Ohio
| | - Theodosia Kalfa
- Division of Hematology; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Ofelia Alvarez
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; University of Miami; Miami Florida
| | - Kathryn Hassell
- Division of Hematology; University of Colorado; Denver Colorado
| | - Barry R. Davis
- Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials; University of Texas School of Public Health; Houston Texas
| | - Russell E. Ware
- Division of Hematology; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati Ohio
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Nitric Oxide-cGMP Signaling Stimulates Erythropoiesis through Multiple Lineage-Specific Transcription Factors: Clinical Implications and a Novel Target for Erythropoiesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0144561. [PMID: 26727002 PMCID: PMC4699757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Much attention has been directed to the physiological effects of nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP signaling, but virtually nothing is known about its hematologic effects. We reported for the first time that cGMP signaling induces human γ-globin gene expression. Aiming at developing novel therapeutics for anemia, we examined here the hematologic effects of NO-cGMP signaling in vivo and in vitro. We treated wild-type mice with NO to activate soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), a key enzyme of cGMP signaling. Compared to untreated mice, NO-treated mice had higher red blood cell counts and total hemoglobin but reduced leukocyte counts, demonstrating that when activated, NO-cGMP signaling exerts hematopoietic effects on multiple types of blood cells in vivo. We next generated mice which overexpressed rat sGC in erythroid and myeloid cells. The forced expression of sGCs activated cGMP signaling in both lineage cells. Compared with non-transgenic littermates, sGC mice exhibited hematologic changes similar to those of NO-treated mice. Consistently, a membrane-permeable cGMP enhanced the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors toward erythroid-lineage cells but inhibited them toward myeloid-lineage cells by controlling multiple lineage-specific transcription factors. Human γ-globin gene expression was induced at low but appreciable levels in sGC mice carrying the human β-globin locus. Together, these results demonstrate that NO-cGMP signaling is capable of stimulating erythropoiesis in both in vitro and vivo settings by controlling the expression of multiple lineage-specific transcription factors, suggesting that cGMP signaling upregulates erythropoiesis at the level of gene transcription. The NO-cGMP signaling axis may constitute a novel target to stimulate erythropoiesis in vivo.
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Fraser DI, Liu KT, Reid BJ, Hawkins E, Sevier A, Pyle M, Robinson JW, Ouellette PHR, Ballantyne JS. Widespread Natural Occurrence of Hydroxyurea in Animals. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142890. [PMID: 26600157 PMCID: PMC4658187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report the widespread natural occurrence of a known antibiotic and antineoplastic compound, hydroxyurea in animals from many taxonomic groups. Hydroxyurea occurs in all the organisms we have examined including invertebrates (molluscs and crustaceans), fishes from several major groups, amphibians and mammals. The species with highest concentrations was an elasmobranch (sharks, skates and rays), the little skate Leucoraja erinacea with levels up to 250 μM, high enough to have antiviral, antimicrobial and antineoplastic effects based on in vitro studies. Embryos of L. erinacea showed increasing levels of hydroxyurea with development, indicating the capacity for hydroxyurea synthesis. Certain tissues of other organisms (e.g. skin of the frog (64 μM), intestine of lobster (138 μM) gills of the surf clam (100 μM)) had levels high enough to have antiviral effects based on in vitro studies. Hydroxyurea is widely used clinically in the treatment of certain human cancers, sickle cell anemia, psoriasis, myeloproliferative diseases, and has been investigated as a potential treatment of HIV infection and its presence at high levels in tissues of elasmobranchs and other organisms suggests a novel mechanism for fighting disease that may explain the disease resistance of some groups. In light of the known production of nitric oxide from exogenously applied hydroxyurea, endogenous hydoxyurea may play a hitherto unknown role in nitric oxide dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I. Fraser
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle T. Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryan J. Reid
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Hawkins
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Sevier
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Pyle
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - James S. Ballantyne
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Piccin A, Murphy C, Eakins E, Kunde J, Corvetta D, Di Pierro A, Negri G, Guido M, Sainati L, Mc Mahon C, Smith OP, Murphy W. Circulating microparticles, protein C, free protein S and endothelial vascular markers in children with sickle cell anaemia. J Extracell Vesicles 2015; 4:28414. [PMID: 26609806 PMCID: PMC4658688 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v4.28414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Circulating microparticles (MP) have been described in sickle cell anaemia (SCA); however, their interaction with endothelial markers remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between MP, protein C (PC), free protein S (PS), nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and adrenomedullin (ADM) in a large cohort of paediatric patients. METHOD A total of 111 children of African ethnicity with SCA: 51 in steady state; 15 in crises; 30 on hydroxyurea (HU) therapy; 15 on transfusion; 17 controls (HbAA) of similar age/ethnicity. MP were analysed by flow cytometry using: Annexin V (AV), CD61, CD42a, CD62P, CD235a, CD14, CD142 (tissue factor), CD201 (endothelial PC receptor), CD62E, CD36 (TSP-1), CD47 (TSP-1 receptor), CD31 (PECAM), CD144 (VE-cadherin). Protein C, free PS, NO, pro-ADM and C-terminal ET-1 were also measured. RESULTS Total MP AV was lower in crisis (1.26×10(6) ml(-1); 0.56-2.44×10(6)) and steady state (1.35×10(6) ml(-1); 0.71-3.0×10(6)) compared to transfusion (4.33×10(6) ml(-1); 1.6-9.2×10(6), p<0.01). Protein C levels were significantly lower in crisis (median 0.52 IU ml(-1); interquartile range 0.43-0.62) compared with all other groups: HbAA (0.72 IU ml(-1); 0.66-0.82, p<0.001); HU (0.67 IU ml(-1); 0.58-0.77, p<0.001); steady state (0.63 IU ml(-1); 0.54-0.70, p<0.05) and transfusion (0.60 IU ml(-1); 0.54-0.70, p<0.05). In addition, levels were significantly reduced in steady state (0.63 IU ml(-1); 0.54-0.70) compared with HbAA (0.72 IU ml(-1); 0.66-0.80, p<0.01). PS levels were significantly higher in HbAA (0.85 IU ml(-1); 0.72-0.97) compared with crisis (0.49 IU ml(-1); 0.42-0.64, p<0.001), HU (0.65 IU ml(-1); 0.56-0.74, p<0.01) and transfusion (0.59 IU ml(-1); 0.47-0.71, p<0.01). There was also a significant difference in crisis patients compared with steady state (0.49 IU ml(-1); 0.42-0.64 vs. 0.68 IU ml(-1); 0.58-0.79, p<0.05). There was high correlation (R>0.9, p<0.05) between total numbers of AV-positive MP (MP AV) and platelet MP expressing non-activation platelet markers. There was a lower correlation between MP AV and MP CD62P (R=0.73, p<0.05) (platelet activation marker), and also a lower correlation between percentage of MP expressing CD201 (%MP CD201) and %MP CD14 (R=0.627, p<0.001). %MP CD201 was higher in crisis (11.6%) compared with HbAA (3.2%, p<0.05); %MP CD144 was higher in crisis (7.6%) compared with transfusion (2.1%, p<0.05); %CD14 (0.77%) was higher in crisis compared with transfusion (0.0%, p<0.05) and steady state (0.0%, p<0.01); MP CD14 was detectable in a higher number of samples (92%) in crisis compared with the rest (40%); %MP CD235a was higher in crisis (17.9%) compared with transfusion (8.9%), HU (8.7%) and steady state (9.9%, p<0.05); %CD62E did not differ significantly across the groups and CD142 was undetectable. Pro-ADM levels were raised in chest crisis: 0.38 nmol L(-1) (0.31-0.49) versus steady state: 0.27 nmol L(-1) (0.25-0.32; p<0.01) and control: 0.28 nmol L(-1) (0.27-0.31; p<0.01). CT-proET-1 levels were reduced in patients on HU therapy: 43.6 pmol L(-1) (12.6-49.6) versus control: 55.1 pmol L(-1) (45.2-63.9; p<0.05). NO levels were significantly lower in chest crisis (19.3 mmol L(-1) plasma; 10.7-19.9) compared with HU (22.2 mmol L(-1) plasma; 18.3-28.4; p<0.05), and HbSC (30.6 mmol L(-1) plasma; 20.8-39.5; p<0.05) and approach significance when compared with steady state (22.5mmol L(-1) plasma; 16.9-28.2; p=0.07). CONCLUSION Protein C and free PS are reduced in crisis with lower numbers of platelet MP and higher percentage of markers of endothelial damage and of red cell origin. During chest crisis, ADM and ET-1 were elevated suggesting a role for therapy inhibiting ET-1 in chest crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Piccin
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, Dublin, Ireland.,Our Lady's Children Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Haematology Department, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy;
| | | | - Elva Eakins
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jan Kunde
- B.R.A.H.M.S. AG, Biotechnology Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daisy Corvetta
- Haematology Department, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.,Pathology Department, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Angela Di Pierro
- Haematology Department, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Negri
- Pathology Department, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Mazzoleni Guido
- Pathology Department, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Laura Sainati
- Clinica di Oncoematologia Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliera, University of Medicine of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Owen Patrick Smith
- Our Lady's Children Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William Murphy
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, Dublin, Ireland.,University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Barbosa MC, de Jesus dos Santos TE, dos Santos TN, Pedrosa AM, Elias DBD, Leal LKAM, de Araújo Lopes A, Sasahara GL, Gonçalves Lemes RP. The Effect of a Selective Inhibitor of Phosphodiesterase-9 on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Cytotoxicity in Neutrophils from Patients with Sickle Cell Anaemia. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 118:271-8. [PMID: 26346295 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the possible anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of BAY 73-6691 on neutrophils from SCA patients. This study included 35 patients with a molecular diagnosis of SCA, whose neutrophils were isolated and treated with BAY 73-6691 at the concentrations 100, 10, 1.0 and 0.1 μg/mL. LDH release and MTT assays were performed to verify cell viability. To evaluate oxidative stress, the following parameters were determined by spectrophotometric assays: NO and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). As inflammatory markers, myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were evaluated by colorimetric assay and TNF-α by enzyme immunoassay. The results showed that neutrophils from SCA patients not treated with hydroxyurea (HU) had significantly lower NO levels and catalase and SOD activity, as well as significantly higher MDA, MPO and TNF-α levels when compared with neutrophils from SCA patients treated with HU and neutrophils from control group. Treatment of SCA neutrophils with BAY 73-6691 resulted in 94%, 200% and 168% increase in NOx levels, SOD and catalase activity, respectively. In addition, there was a reduction of approximately 46% and 45% in TNF-α and MPO levels, respectively. In SCAHU neutrophils, there was a 30% and 44% increase in NOx levels and SOD activity, respectively, and a 28% and 37% decrease in TNF-α and MPO levels, respectively. However, these effects were observed at cytotoxic doses only. The results of this study are original and demonstrate that inhibition of phosphodiesterase-9 in neutrophils from SCA patients with BAY 73-6691 was able to increase the NO bioavailability and attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation in neutrophils from patients not treated with HU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Cavalcante Barbosa
- Research Laboratory of Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics of Hematologic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Talyta Ellen de Jesus dos Santos
- Research Laboratory of Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics of Hematologic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Thayna Nogueira dos Santos
- Research Laboratory of Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics of Hematologic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alano Martins Pedrosa
- Research Laboratory of Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics of Hematologic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Darcielle Bruna Dias Elias
- Research Laboratory of Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics of Hematologic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal
- Center for Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Studies, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Araújo Lopes
- Center for Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Studies, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Greyce Luri Sasahara
- Center for Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Studies, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Romélia Pinheiro Gonçalves Lemes
- Research Laboratory of Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics of Hematologic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
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Tun AM, Naing EE, Tun NM, Guevara E. A predictable but life-threatening complication of hydroxyurea in a patient with sickle cell anaemia: an experience learned from a Jehovah's Witness. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2015-211785. [PMID: 26424826 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-211785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that hydroxyurea can cause pancytopaenia secondary to bone marrow suppression, which is reversible with short-term discontinuation of the therapy. However, it is important to note that bone marrow suppressive effects caused by hydroxyurea could be easily potentiated in patients with sickle cell anaemia complicated by chronic kidney disease (CKD). We present a case of a Jehovah's Witness with sickle cell anaemia, who developed severe bone marrow suppression due to the combined effects of hydroxyurea and CKD, resulting in a prolonged recovery period after discontinuation of hydroxyurea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Myint Tun
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Ei Ei Naing
- St George's University School of Medicine, St. George's, Grenada
| | - Nay Min Tun
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth Guevara
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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Pule GD, Mowla S, Novitzky N, Wiysonge CS, Wonkam A. A systematic review of known mechanisms of hydroxyurea-induced fetal hemoglobin for treatment of sickle cell disease. Expert Rev Hematol 2015; 8:669-79. [PMID: 26327494 DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2015.1078235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To report on molecular mechanisms of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) induction by hydroxyurea (HU) for the treatment of sickle cell disease. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. RESULTS Studies have provided consistent associations between genomic variations in HbF-promoting loci and variable HbF level in response to HU. Numerous signal transduction pathways have been implicated, through the identification of key genomic variants in BCL11A, HBS1L-MYB, SAR1 or XmnI polymorphism that predispose the response to the treatment, and signal transduction pathways that modulate γ-globin expression (cAMP/cGMP; Giα/c-Jun N-terminal kinase/Jun; methylation and miRNA). Three main molecular pathways have been reported: i) Epigenetic modifications, transcriptional events and signaling pathways involved in HU-mediated response, ii) Signaling pathways involving HU-mediated response and iii) Post-transcriptional pathways (regulation by miRNAs). CONCLUSIONS The complete picture of HU-mediated mechanisms of HbF production in Sickle Cell Disease remains elusive. Research on post-transcriptional mechanisms could lead to therapeutic targets that may minimize alterations to the cellular transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gift D Pule
- a 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
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Ataga KI, Stocker J. The trials and hopes for drug development in sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol 2015; 170:768-80. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth I. Ataga
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC USA
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Acute hemolytic vascular inflammatory processes are prevented by nitric oxide replacement or a single dose of hydroxyurea. Blood 2015; 126:711-20. [PMID: 26019278 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-12-616250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolysis and consequent release of cell-free hemoglobin (CFHb) impair vascular nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and cause oxidative and inflammatory processes. Hydroxyurea (HU), a common therapy for sickle cell disease (SCD), induces fetal Hb production and can act as an NO donor. We evaluated the acute inflammatory effects of intravenous water-induced hemolysis in C57BL/6 mice and determined the abilities of an NO donor, diethylamine NONOate (DEANO), and a single dose of HU to modulate this inflammation. Intravenous water induced acute hemolysis in C57BL/6 mice, attaining plasma Hb levels comparable to those observed in chimeric SCD mice. This hemolysis resulted in significant and rapid systemic inflammation and vascular leukocyte recruitment within 15 minutes, accompanied by NO metabolite generation. Administration of another potent NO scavenger (2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide) to C57BL/6 mice induced similar alterations in leukocyte recruitment, whereas hemin-induced inflammation occurred over a longer time frame. Importantly, the acute inflammatory effects of water-induced hemolysis were abolished by the simultaneous administration of DEANO or HU, without altering CFHb, in an NO pathway-mediated manner. In vitro, HU partially reversed the Hb-mediated induction of endothelial proinflammatory cytokine secretion and adhesion molecule expression. In summary, pathophysiological levels of hemolysis trigger an immediate inflammatory response, possibly mediated by vascular NO consumption. HU presents beneficial anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting rapid-onset hemolytic inflammation via an NO-dependent mechanism, independently of fetal Hb elevation. Data provide novel insights into mechanisms of hemolytic inflammation and further support perspectives for the use of HU as an acute treatment for SCD and other hemolytic disorders.
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Goldstein S, Samuni A. Oxidation Mechanism of Hydroxamic Acids Forming HNO and NO. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Owusu-Ansah A, Choi SH, Petrosiute A, Letterio JJ, Huang AYC. Triterpenoid inducers of Nrf2 signaling as potential therapeutic agents in sickle cell disease: a review. Front Med 2014; 9:46-56. [PMID: 25511620 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-015-0375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder of hemoglobin in which the abnormal hemoglobin S polymerizes when deoxygenated. This polymerization of hemoglobin S not only results in hemolysis and vasoocclusion but also precipitates inflammation, oxidative stress and chronic organ dysfunction. Oxidative stress is increasingly recognized as an important intermediate in these pathophysiological processes and is therefore an important target for therapeutic intervention. The transcription factor nuclear erythroid derived-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) controls the expression of anti-oxidant enzymes and is emerging as a protein whose function can be exploited with therapeutic intent. This review article is focused on triterpenoids that activate Nrf2, and their potential for reducing oxidative stress in SCD as an approach to prevent organ dysfunction associated with this disease. A brief overview of oxidative stress in the clinical context of SCD is accompanied by a discussion of several pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to oxidative stress. Finally, these mechanisms are then related to current management strategies in SCD that are either utilized currently or under evaluation. The article concludes with a perspective on the potential of the various therapeutic interventions to reduce oxidative stress and morbidity associated with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amma Owusu-Ansah
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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Yadav R, Goldstein S, Nasef MO, Lee W, Samuni U. Synergistic activity of acetohydroxamic acid on prokaryotes under oxidative stress: the role of reactive nitrogen species. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 77:291-7. [PMID: 25261226 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One-electron oxidation of acetohydroxamic acid (aceto-HX) initially gives rise to nitroxyl (HNO), which can be further oxidized to nitric oxide (NO) or react with potential biological targets such as thiols and metallo-proteins. The distinction between the effects of NO and HNO in vivo is masked by the reversible redox exchange between the two congeners and by the Janus-faced behavior of NO and HNO. The present study examines the ability of aceto-HX to serve as an HNO donor or an NO donor when added to Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis subjected to oxidative stress by comparing its effects to those of NO and commonly used NO and HNO donors. The results demonstrate that: (i) the effects of NO and HNO on the viability of prokaryotes exposed to H2O2 depend on the type of the bacterial cell; (ii) NO synergistically enhances H2O2-induced killing of E. coli, but protects B. subtilis depending on the extent of cell killing by H2O2; (iii) the HNO donor Angeli׳s salt alone has no effect on the viability of the cells; (iv) Angeli׳s salt synergistically enhances H2O2-induced killing of B. subtilis, but not of E. coli; (v) aceto-HX alone (1-4 mM) has no effect on the viability of the cells; (vi) aceto-HX enhances the killing of both cells induced by H2O2 and metmyoglobin, which may be attributed in the case of B. subtilis to the formation of HNO and to further oxidation of HNO to NO in the case of E. coli; (vii) the synergistic activity of aceto-HX on the killing of both cells induced by H2O2 alone does not involve reactive nitrogen species. The effect of aceto-HX on prokaryotes under oxidative stress is opposite to that of other hydroxamic acids on mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeta Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Sara Goldstein
- Chemistry Institute, the Accelerator Laboratory, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Mohamed O Nasef
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Wendy Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
| | - Uri Samuni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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Morton D, Reed L, Huang W, Marcek JM, Austin-LaFrance R, Northcott CA, Schelling SH, Enerson BE, Tomlinson L. Toxicity of Hydroxyurea in Rats and Dogs. Toxicol Pathol 2014; 43:498-512. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623314559103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity of hydroxyurea, a treatment for specific neoplasms, sickle-cell disease, polycythemia, and thrombocytosis that kills cells in mitosis, was assessed in repeat-dose, oral gavage studies in rats and dogs and a cardiovascular study in telemetered dogs. Hydroxyurea produced hematopoietic, lymphoid, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal toxicity with steep dose response curves. In rats dosed for 10 days, 50 mg/kg/day was tolerated; 500 mg/kg/day produced decreased body weight gain; decreased circulating leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets; decreased cellularity of thymus, lymph nodes, and bone marrow; and epithelial degeneration and/or dysplasia of the stomach and small intestine; 1,500 mg/kg/day resulted in deaths on day 5. In dogs, a single dose at ≥250 mg/kg caused prostration leading to unscheduled euthanasia. Dogs administered 50 mg/kg/day for 1 month had decreased circulating leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets; increased bone marrow cellularity with decreased maturing granulocytes; increased creatinine kinase activity; and increased iron pigment in bone marrow and hepatic sinusoidal cells. In telemetered dogs, doses ≥15 mg/kg decreased systolic blood pressure (BP); 50 mg/kg increased diastolic BP, heart rate, and change in blood pressure over time (+d P/d t), and decreased QT and PR intervals and maximum left ventricular systolic and end diastolic pressures with measures returning to control levels within 24 hr.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lori Reed
- Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, USA
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Amphiphilic lipid derivatives of 3′-hydroxyurea-deoxythymidine: Preparation, properties, molecular self-assembly, simulation and in vitro anticancer activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 123:852-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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dos Santos AF, Almeida CB, Brugnerotto AF, Roversi FM, Pallis FR, Franco-Penteado CF, Lanaro C, Albuquerque DM, Leonardo FC, Costa FF, Conran N. Reduced plasma angiotensin II levels are reversed by hydroxyurea treatment in mice with sickle cell disease. Life Sci 2014; 117:7-12. [PMID: 25219880 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Sickle cell disease (SCD) pathogenesis leads to recurrent vaso-occlusive and hemolytic processes, causing numerous clinical complications including renal damage. As vasoconstrictive mechanisms may be enhanced in SCD, due to endothelial dysfunction and vasoactive protein production, we aimed to determine whether the expression of proteins of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may be altered in an animal model of SCD. MAIN METHODS Plasma angiotensin II (Ang II) was measured in C57BL/6 (WT) mice and mice with SCD by ELISA, while quantitative PCR was used to compare the expressions of the genes encoding the angiotensin-II-receptors 1 and 2 (AT1R and AT2R) and the angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE1 and ACE2) in the kidneys, hearts, livers and brains of mice. The effects of hydroxyurea (HU; 50-75mg/kg/day, 4weeks) treatment on these parameters were also determined. KEY FINDINGS Plasma Ang II was significantly diminished in SCD mice, compared with WT mice, in association with decreased AT1R and ACE1 expressions in SCD mice kidneys. Treatment of SCD mice with HU reduced leukocyte and platelet counts and increased plasma Ang II to levels similar to those of WT mice. HU also increased AT1R and ACE2 gene expression in the kidney and heart. SIGNIFICANCE Results indicate an imbalanced RAS in an SCD mouse model; HU therapy may be able to restore some RAS parameters in these mice. Further investigations regarding Ang II production and the RAS in human SCD may be warranted, as such changes may reflect or contribute to renal damage and alterations in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson F dos Santos
- INCT de Sangue, Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila B Almeida
- INCT de Sangue, Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana F Brugnerotto
- INCT de Sangue, Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Roversi
- INCT de Sangue, Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia R Pallis
- INCT de Sangue, Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla F Franco-Penteado
- INCT de Sangue, Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Lanaro
- INCT de Sangue, Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dulcinéia M Albuquerque
- INCT de Sangue, Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia C Leonardo
- INCT de Sangue, Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando F Costa
- INCT de Sangue, Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicola Conran
- INCT de Sangue, Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas -UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Soares D, Bullock R, Ali S. Moyamoya syndrome in sickle cell anaemia: a cause of recurrent stroke. BMJ Case Rep 2014; 2014:bcr-2014-203727. [PMID: 25178886 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-203727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary We report a case with interesting imaging findings as well as an unfortunate but not unexpected clinical outcome. Our patient, an 8-year-old Jamaican boy of Afro-Caribbean descent with homozygous sickle cell disease, presented with left-sided upper limb weakness. He had a history of recurrent cerebrovascular accidents and transient ischaemic attacks beginning at 4 years of age. MRI revealed old bilateral infarctions and the ivy sign on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences. MR angiography demonstrated numerous collaterals, most apparently arising from the left internal carotid, consistent with moyamoya syndrome. The patient had a full recovery and remained well for almost 2 years when he suffered another stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanne Soares
- Departments of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthetics and Intensive Care, Radiology Section, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Richard Bullock
- Departments of Surgery, Radiology, Anaesthetics and Intensive Care, Radiology Section, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Susanna Ali
- Sickle Cell Unit, TMRI, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
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Larson MC, Hillery CA, Hogg N. Circulating membrane-derived microvesicles in redox biology. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 73:214-28. [PMID: 24751526 PMCID: PMC4465756 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Microparticles or microvesicles (MVs) are subcellular membrane blebs shed from all cells in response to various stimuli. MVs carry a battery of signaling molecules, many of them related to redox-regulated processes. The role of MVs, either as a cause or as a result of cellular redox signaling, has been increasingly recognized over the past decade. This is in part due to advances in flow cytometry and its detection of MVs. Notably, recent studies have shown that circulating MVs from platelets and endothelial cells drive reactive species-dependent angiogenesis; circulating MVs in cancer alter the microenvironment and enhance invasion through horizontal transfer of mutated proteins and nucleic acids and harbor redox-regulated matrix metalloproteinases and procoagulative surface molecules; and circulating MVs from red blood cells and other cells modulate cell-cell interactions through scavenging or production of nitric oxide and other free radicals. Although our recognition of MVs in redox-related processes is growing, especially in the vascular biology field, much remains unknown regarding the various biologic and pathologic functions of MVs. Like reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, MVs were originally believed to have a solely pathological role in biology. And like our understanding of reactive species, it is now clear that MVs also play an important role in normal growth, development, and homeostasis. We are just beginning to understand how MVs are involved in various biological processes-developmental, homeostatic, and pathological-and the role of MVs in redox signaling is a rich and exciting area of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Craig Larson
- Department of Biophysics and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Cheryl A Hillery
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Neil Hogg
- Department of Biophysics and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Lopes FCM, Ferreira R, Albuquerque DM, Silveira AAA, Costa R, Soares R, Costa FF, Conran N. In vitro and in vivo anti-angiogenic effects of hydroxyurea. Microvasc Res 2014; 94:106-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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El-Ghamrawy MK, Hanna WM, Abdel-Salam A, El-Sonbaty MM, Youness ER, Adel A. Oxidant-antioxidant status in Egyptian children with sickle cell anemia: a single center based study. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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