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Gil LKT, Valdelamar Martínez D, Franco KB, Arrieta Pastrana A, Saba M. Mapping roof coverings of asbestos-cement, the first step to control the technical condition/threat and establish priorities for replacement in developing countries. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37522. [PMID: 39296010 PMCID: PMC11409103 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a systematic and data-driven approach to prioritize interventions in urban areas with asbestos cement (AC) roofs, addressing the urgent need to mitigate asbestos-related risks. The objective is to propose a comprehensive methodology that considers multiple criteria at the neighborhood level, allowing for a nuanced assessment of intervention priorities. The methodology involves the normalization of various parameters, including population density, facility density, and the area covered by asbestos-cement roofs. In addition, an innovative aspect is introduced by incorporating weathering status identification data, represented as an index, validated in previous research, further enriching the evaluation process. The integration of these diverse factors allows for a holistic understanding of the risk landscape associated with AC roofs in urban settings. The cornerstone of the proposed approach is the development of a Priority Intervention Index (PII) at the neighborhood level. This index serves to standardize the assessment of intervention priorities, enabling a fair and transparent comparison across different regions. To enhance practical application, the PII is discretized into three categories, low, mid and high intervention priority. The results obtained are robust, replicable in other scenarios, and practical for decision-makers. The new methodology provides a structured and quantifiable approach to identify and prioritize areas for asbestos-related interventions based on well-defined criteria at the neighborhood level. The resulting prioritization strategy offers urban planners and local officials a clear and evidence-based tool to allocate resources efficiently and effectively manage the inherent risks associated with AC roofs in urban environments. The paper will describe how the prioritization can be applied "at the neighborhood level" by urban planners and local officials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leydy K Torres Gil
- Civil Engineering Program, Universidad de Cartagena, Calle 30 #, 48-152, Cartagena, Colombia
| | | | - Kellys Babilonia Franco
- Civil Engineering Program, Universidad de Cartagena, Calle 30 #, 48-152, Cartagena, Colombia
| | | | - Manuel Saba
- Civil Engineering Program, Universidad de Cartagena, Calle 30 #, 48-152, Cartagena, Colombia
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2
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Hiratsuka T, Yoshizawa A, Endo T, Yamamoto T, Toyokuni S, Tsuruyama T. Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Proteomics of Malignant Mesothelioma and New Candidate Biomarkers Thioredoxin and Superoxide Dismutase 2 for Immunohistochemistry. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100299. [PMID: 38013118 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of malignant mesothelioma (MM) has been extensively investigated, focusing on stress derived from reactive oxygen species. We aimed to identify diagnostic biomarkers of MM by analyzing proteins in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We extracted proteins from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of MM tissues (n = 7) and compared their profiles with those of benign mesothelial tissues (n = 4) and alveolar tissue (n = 1). Proteomic data were statistically assessed and profiled using principal component analysis. We were successful in the classification of MM and healthy tissue. The levels of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), an enzyme that converts superoxide anion into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, and thioredoxin (TXN), which plays a crucial role in reducing disulfide bonds in proteins, primarily contributed to the classification. Other redox-related proteins, such as pyruvate dehydrogenase subunit X, and ceruloplasmin also contributed to the classification. Protein-protein interaction analysis demonstrated that these proteins play essential roles in MM pathogenesis. Immunohistochemistry revealed that TXN levels were significantly lower, whereas SOD2 levels were significantly higher in MM and lung cancer tissues than in controls. Proteomic profiling suggested that MM tissues experienced increased exposure to hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species. Combining immunohistochemistry for TXN and SOD2 allows for differentiation among MM, lung cancer, and control tissues; hence, TXN and SOD2 may be promising MM biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hiratsuka
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | | | - Tatsuya Endo
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takushi Yamamoto
- Solutions COE, Analytical & Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Tsuruyama
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute Kitano Hospital, Ohgimachi, Osaka, Japan.
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Bertuccio FR, Agustoni F, Galli G, Bortolotto C, Saddi J, Baietto G, Baio N, Montini S, Putignano P, D’Ambrosio G, Corsico AG, Pedrazzoli P, Stella GM. Pleural Mesothelioma: Treatable Traits of a Heterogeneous Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5731. [PMID: 38136277 PMCID: PMC10741585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleural mesothelioma is an aggressive disease with diffuse nature, low median survival, and prolonged latency presenting difficulty in prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment. Here, we review all these aspects to underline the progress being made in its investigation and to emphasize how much work remains to be carried out to improve prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Rocco Bertuccio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.R.B.); (F.A.); (G.G.); (N.B.); (S.M.); (P.P.); (A.G.C.); (P.P.)
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Agustoni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.R.B.); (F.A.); (G.G.); (N.B.); (S.M.); (P.P.); (A.G.C.); (P.P.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Galli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.R.B.); (F.A.); (G.G.); (N.B.); (S.M.); (P.P.); (A.G.C.); (P.P.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Chandra Bortolotto
- Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Radiology Institute, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jessica Saddi
- Department of Oncology, Clinical-Surgical, Unit of Radiation Therapy, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Guido Baietto
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Unit of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Nicola Baio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.R.B.); (F.A.); (G.G.); (N.B.); (S.M.); (P.P.); (A.G.C.); (P.P.)
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Montini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.R.B.); (F.A.); (G.G.); (N.B.); (S.M.); (P.P.); (A.G.C.); (P.P.)
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Putignano
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.R.B.); (F.A.); (G.G.); (N.B.); (S.M.); (P.P.); (A.G.C.); (P.P.)
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gioacchino D’Ambrosio
- Pathology Unit, Department of Diagnostical Services and Imaging, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Angelo G. Corsico
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.R.B.); (F.A.); (G.G.); (N.B.); (S.M.); (P.P.); (A.G.C.); (P.P.)
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Pedrazzoli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.R.B.); (F.A.); (G.G.); (N.B.); (S.M.); (P.P.); (A.G.C.); (P.P.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Stella
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.R.B.); (F.A.); (G.G.); (N.B.); (S.M.); (P.P.); (A.G.C.); (P.P.)
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Toyokuni S, Kong Y, Katabuchi M, Maeda Y, Motooka Y, Ito F, Yanatori I. Iron links endogenous and exogenous nanoparticles. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 745:109718. [PMID: 37579931 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Current progress in biology and medical science is based on the observation at the level of nanometers via electron microscopy and computation. Of note, the size of most cells in higher species exists in a limited range from 5 to 50 μm. Recently, it was demonstrated that endogenous extracellular nanoparticles play a role in communication among various cellular types in a variety of contexts. Among them, exosomes in serum have been established as biomarkers for human diseases by analyzing the cargo molecules. No life on the earth can survive without iron. However, excess iron can be a risk for carcinogenesis in rodents and humans. Nano-sized molecules may cause unexpected bioeffects, including carcinogenesis, which is a process to establish cellular iron addiction with ferroptosis-resistance. Asbestos and carbon nanotubes are the typical examples, leading to carcinogenesis by the alteration of iron metabolism. Recently, we found that CD63, one of the representative markers of exosomes, is under the regulation of iron-responsive element/iron-regulatory protein system. This is a safe strategy to share excess iron in the form of holo-ferritin between iron-sufficient and -deficient cells. On the other hand, damaged cells may secrete holo-ferritin-loaded exosomes as in the case of macrophages in ferroptosis after asbestos exposure. These holo-ferritin-loaded exosomes can cause mutagenic DNA damage in the recipient mesothelial cells. Thus, there is an iron link between exogenous and endogenous nanoparticles, which requires further investigation for better understanding and the future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Yingyi Kong
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Misako Katabuchi
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Maeda
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yashiro Motooka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fumiya Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Izumi Yanatori
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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5
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Kontoghiorghes GJ. Iron Load Toxicity in Medicine: From Molecular and Cellular Aspects to Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12928. [PMID: 37629109 PMCID: PMC10454416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for all organisms and cells. Diseases of iron imbalance affect billions of patients, including those with iron overload and other forms of iron toxicity. Excess iron load is an adverse prognostic factor for all diseases and can cause serious organ damage and fatalities following chronic red blood cell transfusions in patients of many conditions, including hemoglobinopathies, myelodyspasia, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Similar toxicity of excess body iron load but at a slower rate of disease progression is found in idiopathic haemochromatosis patients. Excess iron deposition in different regions of the brain with suspected toxicity has been identified by MRI T2* and similar methods in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Based on its role as the major biological catalyst of free radical reactions and the Fenton reaction, iron has also been implicated in all diseases associated with free radical pathology and tissue damage. Furthermore, the recent discovery of ferroptosis, which is a cell death program based on free radical generation by iron and cell membrane lipid oxidation, sparked thousands of investigations and the association of iron with cardiac, kidney, liver, and many other diseases, including cancer and infections. The toxicity implications of iron in a labile, non-protein bound form and its complexes with dietary molecules such as vitamin C and drugs such as doxorubicin and other xenobiotic molecules in relation to carcinogenesis and other forms of toxicity are also discussed. In each case and form of iron toxicity, the mechanistic insights, diagnostic criteria, and molecular interactions are essential for the design of new and effective therapeutic interventions and of future targeted therapeutic strategies. In particular, this approach has been successful for the treatment of most iron loading conditions and especially for the transition of thalassemia from a fatal to a chronic disease due to new therapeutic protocols resulting in the complete elimination of iron overload and of iron toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Kontoghiorghes
- Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, 3, Ammochostou Street, Limassol 3021, Cyprus
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Ramundo V, Zanirato G, Palazzo ML, Riganti C, Aldieri E. APE-1/Ref-1 Inhibition Blocks Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Cell Proliferation and Migration: Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Driving Carcinogenesis and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12570. [PMID: 37628748 PMCID: PMC10454819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer associated with asbestos exposure. MPM pathogenesis has been related both to oxidative stress, evoked by and in response to asbestos fibers exposure, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), an event induced by oxidative stress itself and related to cancer proliferation and metastasis. Asbestos-related primary oxidative damage is counteracted in the lungs by various redox-sensitive factors, often hyperactivated in some cancers. Among these redox-sensitive factors, Apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE-1)/Redox effector factor 1 (Ref-1) has been demonstrated to be overexpressed in MPM and lung cancer, but the molecular mechanism has not yet been fully understood. Moreover, asbestos exposure has been associated with induced EMT events, via some EMT transcription factors, such as Twist, Zeb-1 and Snail-1, in possible crosstalk with oxidative stress and inflammation events. To demonstrate this hypothesis, we inhibited/silenced Ref-1 in MPM cells; as a consequence, both EMT (Twist, Zeb-1 and Snail-1) markers and cellular migration/proliferation were significantly inhibited. Taken as a whole, these results show, for the first time, crosstalk between oxidative stress and EMT in MPM carcinogenesis and invasiveness, thus improving the knowledge to better address a preventive and therapeutic approach against this aggressive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Ramundo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Giada Zanirato
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates “G. Scansetti”, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Aldieri
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates “G. Scansetti”, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Torricelli F, Donati B, Reggiani F, Manicardi V, Piana S, Valli R, Lococo F, Ciarrocchi A. Spatially resolved, high-dimensional transcriptomics sorts out the evolution of biphasic malignant pleural mesothelioma: new paradigms for immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:114. [PMID: 37460925 PMCID: PMC10351128 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is a dreadful disease escaping the classical genetic model of cancer evolution and characterized by wide heterogeneity and transcriptional plasticity. Clinical evolution of MPM is marked by a progressive transdifferentiation that converts well differentiated epithelioid (E) cells into undifferentiated and pleomorphic sarcomatoid (S) phenotypes. Catching the way this transition takes place is necessary to understand how MPM develops and progresses and it is mandatory to improve patients' management and life expectancy. Bulk transcriptomic approaches, while providing a significant overview, failed to resolve the timing of this evolution and to identify the hierarchy of molecular events through which this transition takes place. METHODS We applied a spatially resolved, high-dimensional transcriptomic approach to study MPM morphological evolution. 139 regions across 8 biphasic MPMs (B-MPMs) were profiled using the GeoMx™Digital Spatial Profiler to reconstruct the positional context of transcriptional activities and the spatial topology of MPM cells interactions. Validation was conducted on an independent large cohort of 84 MPMs by targeted digital barcoding analysis. RESULTS Our results demonstrated the existence of a complex circular ecosystem in which, within a strong asbestos-driven inflammatory environment, MPM and immune cells affect each other to support S-transdifferentiation. We also showed that TGFB1 polarized M2-Tumor Associated Macrophages foster immune evasion and that TGFB1 expression correlates with reduced survival probability. CONCLUSIONS Besides providing crucial insights into the multidimensional interactions governing MPM clinical evolution, these results open new perspectives to improve the use of immunotherapy in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Torricelli
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, 42123, Italy
| | - B Donati
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, 42123, Italy
| | - F Reggiani
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, 42123, Italy
| | - V Manicardi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, 42123, Italy
| | - S Piana
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, 42123, Italy
| | - R Valli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, 42123, Italy
| | - F Lococo
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Roma, Italia
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Roma, Italia
| | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, 42123, Italy.
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Avramescu ML, Potiszil C, Kunihiro T, Okabe K, Nakamura E. An investigation of the internal morphology of asbestos ferruginous bodies: constraining their role in the onset of malignant mesothelioma. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:19. [PMID: 37150820 PMCID: PMC10165766 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asbestos is a fibrous mineral that was widely used in the past. However, asbestos inhalation is associated with an aggressive type of cancer known as malignant mesothelioma (MM). After inhalation, an iron-rich coat forms around the asbestos fibres, together the coat and fibre are termed an "asbestos ferruginous body" (AFB). AFBs are the main features associated with asbestos-induced MM. Whilst several studies have investigated the external morphology of AFBs, none have characterised the internal morphology. Here, cross-sections of multiple AFBs from two smokers and two non-smokers are compared to investigate the effects of smoking on the onset and growth of AFBs. Morphological and chemical observations of AFBs were undertaken by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and selected area diffraction. RESULTS The AFBs of all patients were composed of concentric layers of 2-line or 6-line ferrihydrite, with small spherical features being observed on the outside of the AFBs and within the cross-sections. The spherical components are of a similar size to Fe-rich inclusions found within macrophages from mice injected with asbestos fibres in a previous study. As such, the spherical components composing the AFBs may result from the deposition of Fe-rich inclusions during frustrated phagocytosis. The AFBs were also variable in terms of their Fe, P and Ca abundances, with some layers recording higher Fe concentrations (dense layers), whilst others lower Fe concentrations (porous layers). Furthermore, smokers were found to have smaller and overall denser AFBs than non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS The AFBs of smokers and non-smokers show differences in their morphology, indicating they grew in lung environments that experienced disparate conditions. Both the asbestos fibres of smokers and non-smokers were likely subjected to frustrated phagocytosis and accreted mucopolysaccharides, resulting in Fe accumulation and AFB formation. However, smokers' AFBs experienced a more uniform Fe-supply within the lung environment compared to non-smokers, likely due to Fe complexation from cigarette smoke, yielding denser, smaller and more Fe-rich AFBs. Moreover, the lack of any non-ferrihydrite Fe phases in the AFBs may indicate that the ferritin shell was intact, and that ROS may not be the main driver for the onset of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya-Liliana Avramescu
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, 682-0193, Japan
| | - Christian Potiszil
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, 682-0193, Japan
| | - Tak Kunihiro
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, 682-0193, Japan
| | - Kazunori Okabe
- Bell Land General Hospital, 500-3 Higashiyama, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8247, Japan
| | - Eizo Nakamura
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, 682-0193, Japan.
- Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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9
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RhoA and vigilin are candidates for immunohistochemical markers for epithelioid malignant mesothelioma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18519. [PMID: 36323745 PMCID: PMC9630375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic markers of malignant mesothelioma (MM) have been extensively investigated. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers, such as calretinin, have been used for pathologic diagnosis. However, more diagnostic markers are required to improve the specificity and sensitivity of pathologic diagnosis. This study proposed two proteins as diagnostic markers for epithelioid MM. One is RhoA, an MM mutation-susceptible locus-derived protein, and another is vigilin, a lung small cell carcinoma marker. IHC was performed using 93 MM (epithelioid, 71 cases; sarcomatoid, 13 cases; and biphasic, 9 cases), 64 lung adenocarcinoma (LAC), 60 lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSC), and 14 normal mesothelial (NM) tissues. The majority of epithelioid MM cases were positive for both RhoA and vigilin, whereas both IHCs showed lower stainability in biphasic and sarcomatoid MM. Besides, both IHCs showed significantly higher stainability for RhoA and vigilin in epithelioid MM than in LAC and LSC (p < 0.05). Chi-square tests showed that both RhoA and vigilin IHC positive rate in epithelioid MM was not significantly different from that of calretinin (p > 0.05). In the differential diagnosis of MM from lung cancer, the accuracy and specificity of RhoA, vigilin, and calretinin staining were almost equivalent. Further, H-score test showed that there was no significant difference between RhoA versus calretinin and vigilin versus calretinin in IHC positivity in epithelioid MM (p > 0.05). In conclusion, RhoA and vigilin may be candidates for immunohistochemical markers for epithelioid MM.
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Synthetic Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside (LGM2605) Prevents Asbestos-Induced Inflammation and Genotoxic Cell Damage in Human Mesothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710085. [PMID: 36077483 PMCID: PMC9456329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although alveolar macrophages play a critical role in malignant transformation of mesothelial cells following asbestos exposure, inflammatory and oxidative processes continue to occur in the mesothelial cells lining the pleura that may contribute to the carcinogenic process. Malignant transformation of mesothelial cells following asbestos exposure occurs over several decades; however, amelioration of DNA damage, inflammation, and cell injury may impede the carcinogenic process. We have shown in an in vitro model of asbestos-induced macrophage activation that synthetic secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (LGM2605), given preventively, reduced inflammatory cascades and oxidative/nitrosative cell damage. Therefore, it was hypothesized that LGM2605 could also be effective in reducing asbestos-induced activation and the damage of pleural mesothelial cells. LGM2605 treatment (50 µM) of huma n pleural mesothelial cells was initiated 4 h prior to exposure to asbestos (crocidolite, 20 µg/cm2). Supernatant and cells were evaluated at 0, 2, 4, and 8 h post asbestos exposure for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA damage (oxidized guanine), inflammasome activation (caspase-1 activity) and associated pro-inflammatory cytokine release (IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, TNFα, and HMGB1), and markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2a (8-iso-PGF2α). Asbestos induced a time-dependent ROS increase that was significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced (29.4%) by LGM2605 treatment. LGM2605 pretreatment also reduced levels of asbestos-induced DNA damage by 73.6% ± 1.0%. Although levels of inflammasome-activated cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18, reached 29.2 pg/mL ± 0.7 pg/mL and 43.9 pg/mL ± 0.8 pg/mL, respectively, LGM2605 treatment significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced cytokine levels comparable to baseline (non-asbestos exposed) values (3.8 pg/mL ± 0.2 pg/mL and 5.4 pg/mL ± 0.2 pg/mL, respectively). Furthermore, levels of IL-6 and TNFα in asbestos-exposed mesothelial cells were high (289.1 pg/mL ± 2.9 pg/mL and 511.3 pg/mL ± 10.2 pg/mL, respectively), while remaining undetectable with LGM2605 pretreatment. HMGB1 (a key inflammatory mediator and initiator of malignant transformation) release was reduced 75.3% ± 0.4% by LGM2605. Levels of MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α, markers of oxidative cell injury, were significantly (p < 0.001) reduced by 80.5% ± 0.1% and 76.6% ± 0.3%, respectively. LGM2605, given preventively, reduced ROS generation, DNA damage, and inflammasome-activated cytokine release and key inflammatory mediators implicated in asbestos-induced malignant transformation of normal mesothelial cells.
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Substance GP-2250 as a New Therapeutic Agent for Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma—A 3-D In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137293. [PMID: 35806313 PMCID: PMC9267014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare tumor entity. Although cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy have increased overall survival, its prognosis remains poor. Established chemotherapeutics include mitomycin C (MMC) and cisplatin (CP), both characterized by severe side effects. GP-2250 is a novel antineoplastic agent, currently under clinical investigation. This in vitro study aims to investigate effects of GP-2250 including combinations with CP and MMC on malignant mesothelioma. JL-1 and MSTO-211H mesothelioma cell lines were treated with increasing doses of GP-2250, CP, MMC and combination therapies of GP-2250 + CP/MMC. Microscopic effects were documented, and a flow-cytometric apoptosis/necrosis assay was performed. Synergistic and antagonistic effects were analyzed by computing the combination index by Chou-Talalay. GP-2250 showed an antiadhesive effect on JL-1 and MSTO-211H spheroids. It had a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on both monolayer and spheroid cultured cells, inducing apoptosis and necrosis. Combination treatments of GP-2250 with MMC and CP led to significant reductions of the effective doses of CP/MMC. Synergistic and additive effects were observed. GP-2250 showed promising antineoplastic effects on malignant mesothelioma cells in vitro especially in combination with CP/MMC. This forms the basis for further in vivo and clinical investigations in order to broaden treatment options.
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Saleh DM, Luo S, Ahmed OHM, Alexander DB, Alexander WT, Gunasekaran S, El-Gazzar AM, Abdelgied M, Numano T, Takase H, Ohnishi M, Tomono S, Hady RHAE, Fukamachi K, Kanno J, Hirose A, Xu J, Suzuki S, Naiki-Ito A, Takahashi S, Tsuda H. Assessment of the toxicity and carcinogenicity of double-walled carbon nanotubes in the rat lung after intratracheal instillation: a two-year study. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:30. [PMID: 35449069 PMCID: PMC9026941 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the expanding industrial applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), safety assessment of these materials is far less than needed. Very few long-term in vivo studies have been carried out. This is the first 2-year in vivo study to assess the effects of double walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) in the lung and pleura of rats after pulmonary exposure. METHODS Rats were divided into six groups: untreated, Vehicle, 3 DWCNT groups (0.12 mg/rat, 0.25 mg/rat and 0.5 mg/rat), and MWCNT-7 (0.5 mg/rat). The test materials were administrated by intratracheal-intrapulmonary spraying (TIPS) every other day for 15 days. Rats were observed without further treatment until sacrifice. RESULTS DWCNT were biopersistent in the rat lung and induced marked pulmonary inflammation with a significant increase in macrophage count and levels of the chemotactic cytokines CCL2 and CCL3. In addition, the 0.5 mg DWCNT treated rats had significantly higher pulmonary collagen deposition compared to the vehicle controls. The development of carcinomas in the lungs of rats treated with 0.5 mg DWCNT (4/24) was not quite statistically higher (p = 0.0502) than the vehicle control group (0/25), however, the overall incidence of lung tumor development, bronchiolo-alveolar adenoma and bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma combined, in the lungs of rats treated with 0.5 mg DWCNT (7/24) was statistically higher (p < 0.05) than the vehicle control group (1/25). Notably, two of the rats treated with DWCNT, one in the 0.25 mg group and one in the 0.5 mg group, developed pleural mesotheliomas. However, both of these lesions developed in the visceral pleura, and unlike the rats administered MWCNT-7, rats administered DWCNT did not have elevated levels of HMGB1 in their pleural lavage fluids. This indicates that the mechanism by which the mesotheliomas that developed in the DWCNT treated rats is not relevant to humans. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the DWCNT fibers we tested are biopersistent in the rat lung and induce chronic inflammation. Rats treated with 0.5 mg DWCNT developed pleural fibrosis and lung tumors. These findings demonstrate that the possibility that at least some types of DWCNTs are fibrogenic and tumorigenic cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Mourad Saleh
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Shengyong Luo
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Omnia Hosny Mohamed Ahmed
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - David B Alexander
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - William T Alexander
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Sivagami Gunasekaran
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ahmed M El-Gazzar
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelgied
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
| | - Takamasa Numano
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Core Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohnishi
- Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Japan Bioassay Research Center, Hadano, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Susumu Tomono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Randa Hussein Abd El Hady
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Katsumi Fukamachi
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Kanno
- National Institute Hygienic Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - Jiegou Xu
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shugo Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuda
- Nanotoxicology Lab Project, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dohri, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
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Phytochemicals in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Treatment-Review on the Current Trends of Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158279. [PMID: 34361048 PMCID: PMC8348618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare but highly aggressive tumor of pleura arising in response to asbestos fibers exposure. MPM is frequently diagnosed in the advanced stage of the disease and causes poor prognostic outcomes. From the clinical perspective, MPM is resistant to conventional treatment, thus challenging the therapeutic options. There is still demand for improvement and sensitization of MPM cells to therapy in light of intensive clinical studies on chemotherapeutic drugs, including immuno-modulatory and targeted therapies. One way is looking for natural sources, whole plants, and extracts whose ingredients, especially polyphenols, have potential anticancer properties. This comprehensive review summarizes the current studies on natural compounds and plant extracts in developing new treatment strategies for MPM.
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Lorenzini E, Ciarrocchi A, Torricelli F. Molecular Fingerprints of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Not Just a Matter of Genetic Alterations. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112470. [PMID: 34199544 PMCID: PMC8199660 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a clinical emergency of our time. Being strongly associated with asbestos exposure, incidence of this cancer is ramping up these days in many industrialized countries and it will soon start to increase in many developing areas where the use of this silicate derivate is still largely in use. Deficiency of reliable markers for the early identification of these tumors and the limited efficacy of the currently available therapeutic options are the basis of the impressive mortality rate of MPM. These shortcomings reflect the very poor information available about the molecular basis of this disease. Results of the recently released deep profiling studies point to the epigenome as a central element in MPM development and progression. First, MPM is characterized by a low mutational burden and a highly peculiar set of mutations that hits almost exclusively epigenetic keepers or proteins controlling chromatin organization and function. Furthermore, asbestos does not seem to be associated with a distinctive mutational signature, while the precise mapping of epigenetic changes caused by this carcinogen has been defined, suggesting that alterations in epigenetic features are the driving force in the development of this disease. Last but not least, consistent evidence also indicates that, in the setting of MPM, chromatin rewiring and epigenetic alterations of cancer cells heavily condition the microenvironment, including the immune response. In this review we aim to point to the relevance of the epigenome in MPM and to highlight the dependency of this tumor on chromatin organization and function. We also intend to discuss the opportunity of targeting these mechanisms as potential therapeutic options for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Lorenzini
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL—IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (E.L.); (A.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL—IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (E.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Federica Torricelli
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL—IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (E.L.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Bin-Jaliah I. Quercetin Inhibits Chronic Stress-Induced Depression Associated with the Inhibition of Nitrosative Stress and Apoptosis. INT J PHARMACOL 2021. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2021.319.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Identification of Redox-Sensitive Transcription Factors as Markers of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051138. [PMID: 33799965 PMCID: PMC7961847 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a lung tumor associated with asbestos exposure, with a poor prognosis, and a difficult pharmacological approach. Asbestos exposure is very toxic for the lungs, which counteract this toxic effect by activating some antioxidant defense proteins. When these proteins are more active that in normal conditions, as in several cancers, these tumors become able to survive and resist to stress or chemotherapy. In our laboratory, we collected cellular samples of mesothelioma and non-transformed mesothelium from Hospital’s Biobank and we evaluated these proteins. Our results demonstrated these proteins are upregulated in mesothelioma cells and not in non-transformed mesothelium. This event could be associated to toxic effects evoked by asbestos exposure, highlighting the need in the future to monitor asbestos-exposed people by measuring biomarkers identified, in the attempt to identify them as possible predictive markers and potential pharmacological targets addressed to improve mesothelioma prognosis. Abstract Although asbestos has been banned in most countries around the world, malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a current problem. MPM is an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis, so it is crucial to identify new markers in the preventive field. Asbestos exposure induces oxidative stress and its carcinogenesis has been linked to a strong oxidative damage, event counteracted by antioxidant systems at the pulmonary level. The present study has been focused on some redox-sensitive transcription factors that regulate cellular antioxidant defense and are overexpressed in many tumors, such as Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), Ref-1 (Redox effector factor 1), and FOXM1 (Forkhead box protein M1). The research was performed in human mesothelial and MPM cells. Our results have clearly demonstrated an overexpression of Nrf2, Ref-1, and FOXM1 in mesothelioma towards mesothelium, and a consequent activation of downstream genes controlled by these factors, which in turn regulates antioxidant defense. This event is mediated by oxidative free radicals produced when mesothelial cells are exposed to asbestos fibers. We observed an increased expression of Nrf2, Ref-1, and FOXM1 towards untreated cells, confirming asbestos as the mediator of oxidative stress evoked at the mesothelium level. These factors can therefore be considered predictive biomarkers of MPM and potential pharmacological targets in the treatment of this aggressive cancer.
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COL1A1 Is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated with Immune Infiltration in Mesothelioma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5320941. [PMID: 33490271 PMCID: PMC7803428 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5320941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective Mesothelioma (MESO) is a rare tumor derived from mesothelium cells. The aim of this study was to explore key candidate genes and potential molecular mechanisms for mesothelioma through bioinformatics analysis. Methods The MESO expression profiles came from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. The differences in the infiltration levels of immune cells between MESO and normal tissues were assessed using CIBERSORT. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by comprehensive analysis of multiple datasets. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and a hub gene COL1A1 was selected for MESO. The expression and mutation of COL1A1 in MESO were analyzed in the cBioPortal database. The correlation between COL1A1 expression and immune cell infiltration was evaluated using the TIMER database. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of COL1A1 was then performed. Finally, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was presented to predict the survival times between high and low COL1A1 expression groups for MESO patients. Results There were distinct differences in the infiltration levels of immune cells between MESO and normal tissues. A total of 118 DEGs were identified by comprehensively analyzing three expression profile datasets. COL1A1, a hub gene, was identified to be highly expressed in MESO compared to normal tissues. COL1A1 genetic mutation occurred in 9% of MESO samples, and amplification was the most common type of mutation. COL1A1 expression was significantly correlated to the infiltration levels of CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. GSEA results indicated that COL1A1 could be involved in key biological processes and pathways like extracellular matrix and PI3K-Akt pathway. Patients with high COL1A1 expression usually experienced shorten overall survival time than those with its low expression. Conclusion Our findings revealed that COL1A1 could become a potential prognostic biomarker for MESO, which was significantly related to immune cell infiltration.
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Funahashi S, Okazaki Y, Akatsuka S, Takahashi T, Sakumi K, Nakabeppu Y, Toyokuni S. Mth1 deficiency provides longer survival upon intraperitoneal crocidolite injection in female mice. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:195-205. [PMID: 32183600 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1743285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to asbestos fiber is central to mesothelial carcinogenesis. Recent sequencing studies on human and rodent malignant mesothelioma (MM) revealed frequently mutated genes, including CDKN2A, BAP1 and NF2. Crocidolite directly or indirectly catalyses the generation of hydroxyl radicals, which appears to be the major driving force for mesothelial mutations. DNA base modification is an oxidative DNA damage mechanism, where 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is the most abundant modification both physiologically and pathologically. Multiple distinct mechanisms work together to decrease the genomic level of 8-OHdG through the enzymatic activities of Mutyh, Ogg1 and Mth1. Knockout of one or multiple enzymes is not lethal but increases the incidence of tumors. Here, we used single knockout (KO) mice to test whether the deficiency of these three genes affects the incidence and prognosis of asbestos-induced MM. Intraperitoneal injection of 3 mg crocidolite induced MM at a fraction of 14.8% (4/27) in Mth1 KO, 41.4% (12/29) in Mutyh KO and 24.0% (6/25) in Ogg1 KO mice, whereas 31.7% (20/63) induction was observed in C57BL/6 wild-type (Wt) mice. The lifespan of female Mth1 KO mice was longer than that of female Wt mice (p = 0.0468). Whole genome scanning of MM with array-based comparative genomic hybridization revealed rare genomic alterations compared to MM in rats and humans. These results indicate that neither Mutyh deficiency nor Ogg1 deficiency promotes crocidolite-induced MM in mice, but the sanitizing nucleotide pool with Mth1 is advantageous in crocidolite-induced mesothelial carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Funahashi
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University of Human Life and Environment, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinya Akatsuka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Sakumi
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyusyu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyusyu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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The influence of genetic variability in IL1B and MIR146A on the risk of pleural plaques and malignant mesothelioma. Radiol Oncol 2020; 54:429-436. [PMID: 33085641 PMCID: PMC7585336 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2020-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asbestos exposure is associated with the development of pleural plaques as well as malignant mesothelioma (MM). Asbestos fibres activate macrophages, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators including interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). The expression of IL-1β may be influenced by genetic variability of IL1B gene or regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs). This study investigated the effect of polymorphisms in IL1B and MIR146A genes on the risk of developing pleural plaques and MM. Subjects and methods In total, 394 patients with pleural plaques, 277 patients with MM, and 175 healthy control subjects were genotyped for IL1B and MIR146A polymorphisms. Logistic regression was used in statistical analysis. Results We found no association between MIR146A and IL1B genotypes, and the risk of pleural plaques. MIR146A rs2910164 was significantly associated with a decreased risk of MM (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.13–0.73, p = 0.008). Carriers of two polymorphic alleles had a lower risk of developing MM, even after adjustment for gender and age (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.14–0.85, p = 0.020). Among patients with known asbestos exposure, carriers of at least one polymorphic IL1B rs1143623 allele also had a lower risk of MM in multivariable analysis (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.28–0.92, p = 0.025). The interaction between IL1B rs1143623 and IL1B rs1071676 was significantly associated with an increased risk of MM (p = 0.050). Conclusions Our findings suggest that genetic variability of inflammatory mediator IL-1β could contribute to the risk of developing MM, but not pleural plaques.
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Nastasi C, Mannarino L, D’Incalci M. DNA Damage Response and Immune Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7504. [PMID: 33053746 PMCID: PMC7588887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is the cause of numerous human pathologies including cancer, premature aging, and chronic inflammatory conditions. The DNA damage response (DDR), in turn, coordinates DNA damage checkpoint activation and promotes the removal of DNA lesions. In recent years, several studies have shown how the DDR and the immune system are tightly connected, revealing an important crosstalk between the two of them. This interesting interplay has opened up new perspectives in clinical studies for immunological diseases as well as for cancer treatment. In this review, we provide an overview, from cellular to molecular pathways, on how DDR and the immune system communicate and share the crucial commitment of maintaining the genomic fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Nastasi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Maurizio D’Incalci
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy;
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Luo Y, Deng J, Cui Y, Li T, Bai J, Huang L, Sun Y, Dong F, Zhang Q. Long-term instillation to four natural representative chrysotile of China induce the inactivation of P53 and P16 and the activation of C-JUN and C-FOS in the lung tissues of Wistar rats. Toxicol Lett 2020; 333:140-149. [PMID: 32755622 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chrysotile is the only type of asbestos still widely exploited, and all kinds of asbestos including chrysotile was classified as a group I carcinogen by the IARC. There is a wealth of evidence that chrysotile can cause a range of cancers, including cancer of the lung, larynx, ovary, and mesothelioma. As the second largest chrysotile producer, China is at great risk of occupational exposure. Moreover, our previous experiment and some other studies have shown that the toxicity of mineral fibre from various mining areas may be different. To explore the oncogenic potential of chrysotile from different mining areas of China, Wistar rats were administered 0.5 mL chrysotile asbestos suspension of 2.0 mg/mL (from Akesai, Gansu; Mangnai, Qinghai; XinKang, Sichuan; and Shannan, Shaanxi) dissolved in saline by intratracheal instillation once-monthly and were sacrificed at 1 mo, 6 mo, and 12 mo. Our results found that chrysotile caused lung inflammation and lung tissue damage. Moreover, prolonged exposure of chrysotile can induce inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene P53 and P16 and activation of the protooncogene C-JUN and C-FOS both in the messenger RNA and protein level. In addition, chrysotile from Shannan and XinKang has a stronger effect which may link to cancer than that from Akesai and Mangnai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Luo
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Medical Laboratory, Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, No.2 Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Cui
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Myocardial electrical laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Bai
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Liuwen Huang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaochuan Sun
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, Sichuan, China
| | - Faqin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and the Resource Recycle, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qingbi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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22
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Zhang X, Wang L, Li H, Zhang L, Zheng X, Cheng W. Crosstalk between noncoding RNAs and ferroptosis: new dawn for overcoming cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:580. [PMID: 32709863 PMCID: PMC7381619 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression including proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance has become a serious hindrance to cancer therapy. This phenomenon mainly derives from the innate insensitive or acquired resistance of cancer cells to apoptosis. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered mechanism of programmed cell death characterized by peroxidation of the lipid membrane induced by reactive oxygen species. Ferroptosis has been confirmed to eliminate cancer cells in an apoptosis-independent manner, however, the specific regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis is still unknown. The use of ferroptosis for overcoming cancer progression is limited. Noncoding RNAs have been found to play an important roles in cancer. They regulate gene expression to affect biological processes of cancer cells such as proliferation, cell cycle, and cell death. Thus far, the functions of ncRNAs in ferroptosis of cancer cells have been examined, and the specific mechanisms by which noncoding RNAs regulate ferroptosis have been partially discovered. However, there is no summary of ferroptosis associated noncoding RNAs and their functions in different cancer types. In this review, we discuss the roles of ferroptosis-associated noncoding RNAs in detail. Moreover, future work regarding the interaction between noncoding RNAs and ferroptosis is proposed, the possible obstacles are predicted and associated solutions are put forward. This review will deepen our understanding of the relationship between noncoding RNAs and ferroptosis, and provide new insights in targeting noncoding RNAs in ferroptosis associated therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Haixia Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China.
| | - Xiulan Zheng
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China.
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Ultrasonography, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, 150040, Harbin, China.
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23
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Ohara Y, Enomoto A, Tsuyuki Y, Sato K, Iida T, Kobayashi H, Mizutani Y, Miyai Y, Hara A, Mii S, Suzuki J, Yamashita K, Ito F, Motooka Y, Misawa N, Fukui T, Kawaguchi K, Yokoi K, Toyokuni S. Connective tissue growth factor produced by cancer‑associated fibroblasts correlates with poor prognosis in epithelioid malignant pleural mesothelioma. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:838-848. [PMID: 32705221 PMCID: PMC7388423 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive neoplasm for which effective treatments are lacking. We often encounter mesothelioma cases with a profound desmoplastic reaction, suggesting the involvement of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in mesothelioma progression. While the roles of CAFs have been extensively studied in other tumors and have led to the view that the cancer stroma contains heterogeneous populations of CAFs, their roles in mesothelioma remain unknown. We previously showed that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a secreted protein, is produced by both mesothelioma cells and fibroblasts and promotes the invasion of mesothelioma cells in vitro. In this study, we examined the clinical relevance of CAFs in mesothelioma. Using surgical specimens of epithelioid malignant pleural mesothelioma, we evaluated the clinicopathological significance of the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), the most widely used marker of CAFs, the expression of CTGF, and the extent of fibrosis by immunohistochemistry and Elastica-Masson staining. We also analyzed the expression of mesenchymal stromal cell- and fibroblast-expressing Linx paralogue (Meflin; ISLR), a recently reported CAF marker that labels cancer-restraining CAFs and differ from αSMA-positive CAFs, by in situ hybridization. The extent of fibrosis and CTGF expression in mesothelioma cells did not correlate with patient prognosis. However, the expression of αSMA and CTGF, but not Meflin, in CAFs correlated with poor prognosis. The data suggest that CTGF+ CAFs are involved in mesothelioma progression and represent a potential molecular target for mesothelioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsuyuki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sato
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Tadashi Iida
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Mizutani
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Hara
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Jun Suzuki
- Division of Pathology and Molecular Diagnosis, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa 277‑8577, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yamashita
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Fumiya Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Yashiro Motooka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Misawa
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fukui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Koji Kawaguchi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Kohei Yokoi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466‑8550, Japan
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24
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Carbon Nanotubes under Scrutiny: Their Toxicity and Utility in Mesothelioma Research. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10134513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Research on the toxicity of engineered carbon nanotubes (CNT) was initiated by Belgian academic chemists and toxicologists more than 15 years ago. It is now undisputed that some of these attractive nanomaterials induce serious illness such as fibrosis and cancer. The physico-chemical determinants of CNT-induced adverse effects are now elucidated and include shape, nanoscale diameter, and structural defects. Generated in vitro and in vivo data on their inflammogenic and fibrogenic activities were combined and translated in AOP (adverse outcome pathways) available for risk assessment and regulatory policies. The asbestos-like carcinogenic effect of CNT, notably their capacity to induce malignant mesothelioma (MM), remain, however, a cause of concern for public health and strongly curb the craze for CNT in industries. MM still represents a real challenge for clinicians and a highly refractory cancer to existing therapeutic strategies. By comparing mesotheliomagenic CNT (needle-like CNT-N) to non mesotheliomagenic CNT (tangled-like CNT-T), our group generated a relevant animal model that highlights immune pathways specifically associated to the carcinogenic process. Evidence indicates that only CNT-N possess the intrinsic capacity to induce a preferential, rapid, and sustained accumulation of host immunosuppressive cells that subvert immune surveillance and suppress anti-mesothelioma immunity. This new concept offers novel horizons for the clinical management of mesothelioma and represents an additional tool for predicting the mesotheliomagenic activity of newly elaborated CNT or nanoparticles.
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25
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NLRP3 and CARD8 polymorphisms influence risk for asbestos-related diseases. J Med Biochem 2020; 39:91-99. [PMID: 32549782 DOI: 10.2478/jomb-2019-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the association between NLRP3 rs35829419 and CARD8 rs2043211 polymorphisms and the risk of developing pleural plaques, asbestosis, and malignant mesothelioma (MM), and to study the influence of the interactions between polymorphisms and asbestos exposure on the risk of developing these diseases. Methods The case-control study included 416 subjects with pleural plaques, 160 patients with asbestosis, 154 subjects with MM and 149 subjects with no asbestos disease. The NLRP3 rs35829419 and CARD8 rs2043211 polymorphisms were determined using real-time PCR-based methods. In the statistical analysis, standard descriptive statistics was followed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression modelling. Results Asbestos exposure (medium and high vs low) was associated with the risk for each studied asbestos-related disease. An increased risk of pleural plaques was found for CARD8 rs2043211 at + TT genotypes (OR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.01-2.16, p = 0.042). When the analysis was performed for MM patients as cases, and pleural plaques patients as controls, a decreased MM risk was observed for carriers of CARD8 rs2043211 TT genotype (OR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.27-1.00, p = 0.049). The interactions between NLRP3 rs35829419 and CARD8 rs2043211 genotypes did not influence the risk of any asbestos-related disease. However, when testing interactions with asbestos exposure, a decreased risk of asbestosis was found for NLRP3 CA+AA genotypes (OR = 0.09, 95% CI 0.01-0.60, p = 0.014). Conclusions The results of our study suggest that NLRP3 and CARD8 polymorphisms could affect the risk of asbestos-related diseases.
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26
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Urso L, Cavallari I, Sharova E, Ciccarese F, Pasello G, Ciminale V. Metabolic rewiring and redox alterations in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:52-61. [PMID: 31819191 PMCID: PMC6964675 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare malignancy of mesothelial cells with increasing incidence, and in many cases, dismal prognosis due to its aggressiveness and lack of effective therapies. Environmental and occupational exposure to asbestos is considered the main aetiological factor for MPM. Inhaled asbestos fibres accumulate in the lungs and induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the presence of iron associated with the fibrous silicates and to the activation of macrophages and inflammation. Chronic inflammation and a ROS-enriched microenvironment can foster the malignant transformation of mesothelial cells. In addition, MPM cells have a highly glycolytic metabolic profile and are positive in 18F-FDG PET analysis. Loss-of-function mutations of BRCA-associated protein 1 (BAP1) are a major contributor to the metabolic rewiring of MPM cells. A subset of MPM tumours show loss of the methyladenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) locus, resulting in profound alterations in polyamine metabolism, ATP and methionine salvage pathways, as well as changes in epigenetic control of gene expression. This review provides an overview of the perturbations in metabolism and ROS homoeostasis of MPM cells and the role of these alterations in malignant transformation and tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Urso
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Ciminale
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
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27
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Mroueh FM, Noureldein M, Zeidan YH, Boutary S, Irani SAM, Eid S, Haddad M, Barakat R, Harb F, Costantine J, Kanj R, Sauleau EA, Ouhtit A, Azar ST, Eid AH, Eid AA. Unmasking the interplay between mTOR and Nox4: novel insights into the mechanism connecting diabetes and cancer. FASEB J 2019; 33:14051-14066. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900396rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Mohsen Mroueh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Noureldein
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youssef H. Zeidan
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Suzan Boutary
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sara Abou Merhi Irani
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Stéphanie Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mary Haddad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rasha Barakat
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Frederic Harb
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Costantine
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rouwaida Kanj
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Erik-André Sauleau
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7357 ICube, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Allal Ouhtit
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sami T. Azar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut (AUB) Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Assaad A. Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut (AUB) Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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28
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Celsi F, Crovella S, Moura RR, Schneider M, Vita F, Finotto L, Zabucchi G, Zacchi P, Borelli V. Pleural mesothelioma and lung cancer: the role of asbestos exposure and genetic variants in selected iron metabolism and inflammation genes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:1088-1102. [PMID: 31755376 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1694612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two of the major cancerous diseases associated with asbestos exposure are malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and lung cancer (LC). In addition to asbestos exposure, genetic factors have been suggested to be associated with asbestos-related carcinogenesis and lung genotoxicity. While genetic factors involved in the susceptibility to MPM were reported, to date the influence of individual genetic variations on asbestos-related lung cancer risk is still poorly understood. Since inflammation and disruption of iron (Fe) homeostasis are hallmarks of asbestos exposure affecting the pulmonary tissue, this study aimed at investigating the association between Fe-metabolism and inflammasome gene variants and susceptibility to develop LC or MPM, by comparing an asbestos-exposed population affected by LC with an "asbestos-resistant exposed population". A retrospective approach similar to our previous autopsy-based pilot study was employed in a novel cohort of autoptic samples, thus giving us the possibility to corroborate previous findings obtained on MPM by repeating the analysis in a novel cohort of autoptic samples. The protective role of HEPH coding SNP was further confirmed. In addition, the two non-coding SNPs, either in FTH1 or in TF, emerged to exert a similar protective role in a new cohort of LC exposed individuals from the same geographic area of MPM subjects. No association was found between NLRP1 and NLRP3 polymorphisms with susceptibility to develop MPM and LC. Further research into a specific MPM and LC "genetic signature" may be needed to broaden our knowledge of the genetic landscape attributed to result in MPM and LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Celsi
- Lega Italiana per la Lotta contro i Tumori (LILT), Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - S Crovella
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Ospedale di Cattinara, Trieste, Italy
| | - R R Moura
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - M Schneider
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, AAS2 "Bassa Friulana-Isontina" - S. Polo General Hospital, Monfalcone, Italy
| | - F Vita
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, AAS2 "Bassa Friulana-Isontina" - S. Polo General Hospital, Monfalcone, Italy
| | - L Finotto
- Workplace Safety and Prevention, AAS2 "Bassa Friulana-Isontina" - S. Polo General Hospital, Monfalcone, Italy
| | - G Zabucchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - P Zacchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - V Borelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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29
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Elko EA, Cunniff B, Seward DJ, Chia SB, Aboushousha R, van de Wetering C, van der Velden J, Manuel A, Shukla A, Heintz NH, Anathy V, van der Vliet A, Janssen-Heininger YMW. Peroxiredoxins and Beyond; Redox Systems Regulating Lung Physiology and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1070-1091. [PMID: 30799628 PMCID: PMC6767868 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The lung is a unique organ, as it is constantly exposed to air, and thus it requires a robust antioxidant defense system to prevent the potential damage from exposure to an array of environmental insults, including oxidants. The peroxiredoxin (PRDX) family plays an important role in scavenging peroxides and is critical to the cellular antioxidant defense system. Recent Advances: Exciting discoveries have been made to highlight the key features of PRDXs that regulate the redox tone. PRDXs do not act in isolation as they require the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase/NADPH, sulfiredoxin (SRXN1) redox system, and in some cases glutaredoxin/glutathione, for their reduction. Furthermore, the chaperone function of PRDXs, controlled by the oxidation state, demonstrates the versatility in redox regulation and control of cellular biology exerted by this class of proteins. Critical Issues: Despite the long-known observations that redox perturbations accompany a number of pulmonary diseases, surprisingly little is known about the role of PRDXs in the etiology of these diseases. In this perspective, we review the studies that have been conducted thus far to address the roles of PRDXs in lung disease, or experimental models used to study these diseases. Intriguing findings, such as the secretion of PRDXs and the formation of autoantibodies, raise a number of questions about the pathways that regulate secretion, redox status, and immune response to PRDXs. Future Directions: Further understanding of the mechanisms by which individual PRDXs control lung inflammation, injury, repair, chronic remodeling, and cancer, and the importance of PRDX oxidation state, configuration, and client proteins that govern these processes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Elko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Brian Cunniff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - David J Seward
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Shi Biao Chia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Reem Aboushousha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Cheryl van de Wetering
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jos van der Velden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Allison Manuel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Arti Shukla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Nicholas H Heintz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Yvonne M W Janssen-Heininger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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30
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Wu H, Wang Q, Zhong H, Li L, Zhang Q, Huang Q, Yu Z. Differentially expressed microRNAs in exosomes of patients with breast cancer revealed by next‑generation sequencing. Oncol Rep 2019; 43:240-250. [PMID: 31746410 PMCID: PMC6908931 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) in exosomes play crucial roles in the onset, progression and metastasis of cancer by regulating the stability of target mRNAs or by inhibiting translation. In the present study, differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in exosomes of 27 breast cancer patients and 3 healthy controls using RNA sequencing. The differentially expressed microRNAs were selected by bioinformatic analysis. Subjects were followed up for 2 years and exosomal miRNA profiles were compared between patients with and without recurrence of breast cancer. A total of 30 complementary DNA libraries were constructed and sequenced and 1,835 miRNAs were detected. There were no significant differences in the expression of miRNAs between the basal-like, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2+, luminal A, luminal B and healthy control (HC) groups. A total of 54 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients vs. HCs, including 20 upregulated and 34 downregulated miRNAs. The results of the reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were consistent with this. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses indicated that miR-150-5p [area under the curve (AUC)=0.705, upregulated], miR-576-3p (AUC=0.691, upregulated), miR-4665-5p (AUC=0.681, upregulated) were able to distinguish breast cancer patients with recurrence from those without recurrence. In conclusion, the present results indicated differences in miRNA expression profiles between patients with TNBC and healthy controls. Certain exosomal miRNAs were indicated to have promising predictive value as biomarkers for distinguishing breast cancer with recurrence from non-recurrence, which may be utilized for preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat‑sen University, Meizhou, Guangdong 514031, P.R. China
| | - Qiuming Wang
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat‑sen University, Meizhou, Guangdong 514031, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat‑sen University, Meizhou, Guangdong 514031, P.R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat‑sen University, Meizhou, Guangdong 514031, P.R. China
| | - Qunji Zhang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat‑sen University, Meizhou, Guangdong 514031, P.R. China
| | - Qingyan Huang
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat‑sen University, Meizhou, Guangdong 514031, P.R. China
| | - Zhikang Yu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat‑sen University, Meizhou, Guangdong 514031, P.R. China
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31
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Johnson TG, Schelch K, Mehta S, Burgess A, Reid G. Why Be One Protein When You Can Affect Many? The Multiple Roles of YB-1 in Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:221. [PMID: 31632972 PMCID: PMC6781797 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancers and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) have some of the worst 5-year survival rates of all cancer types, primarily due to a lack of effective treatment options for most patients. Targeted therapies have shown some promise in thoracic cancers, although efficacy is limited only to patients harboring specific mutations or target expression. Although a number of actionable mutations have now been identified, a large population of thoracic cancer patients have no therapeutic options outside of first-line chemotherapy. It is therefore crucial to identify alternative targets that might lead to the development of new ways of treating patients diagnosed with these diseases. The multifunctional oncoprotein Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) could serve as one such target. Recent studies also link this protein to many inherent behaviors of thoracic cancer cells such as proliferation, invasion, metastasis and involvement in cancer stem-like cells. Here, we review the regulation of YB-1 at the transcriptional, translational, post-translational and sub-cellular levels in thoracic cancer and discuss its potential use as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Johnson
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Cell Division Laboratory, The ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Catalyst Translational Cancer Research Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karin Schelch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sunali Mehta
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Burgess
- Cell Division Laboratory, The ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glen Reid
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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32
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Horie M, Tabei Y, Sugino S, Eguchi K, Chiba R, Tajika M. Comparison of proinflammatory potential of needle-shaped materials: aragonite and potassium titanate whisker. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2797-2810. [PMID: 31493027 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02556-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Among the crystal forms of calcium carbonate, aragonite has needle-like shape. Although materials with needle-shaped crystals are associated with pulmonary toxicity, the toxic activity of aragonite is unclear. Therefore, proinflammatory potential of aragonite, neutralized aragonite and potassium titanate whisker was evaluated. The cellular effects of aragonite were weaker than those of potassium titanate whisker. Aragonite treatment induced the expression of chemokines in A549 cells and macrophages. Although aragonite exhibited proinflammatory effects in vitro, pulmonary inflammation was not observed in vivo after intratracheal administration of aragonite in mice. We did not observe the induction of inflammatory cytokine secretion or tissue lesion in the lungs of mice after administration of aragonite. Potassium titanate whisker treatment induced chemokine secretion in vitro. An increase in the number of neutrophils was observed in the mice lung tissue after administration of potassium titanate whisker. Aragonite and neutralized aragonite both induced an increase in the levels of intracellular calcium, but the levels were significantly higher in cells treated with aragonite than in cells treated with neutralized aragonite. These results suggested that intracellular calcium release mediates the cellular effects of aragonite. The toxicity of aragonite based on its needle-like structure was also not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Horie
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14, Hayashi-Cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Tabei
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14, Hayashi-Cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Sakiko Sugino
- Shiraishi Central Laboratories Co., Ltd., 4-78 Motohamacho, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Eguchi
- Shiraishi Central Laboratories Co., Ltd., 4-78 Motohamacho, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryo Chiba
- Shiraishi Central Laboratories Co., Ltd., 4-78 Motohamacho, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tajika
- Shiraishi Central Laboratories Co., Ltd., 4-78 Motohamacho, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
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33
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Li Z, Jiang L, Chew SH, Hirayama T, Sekido Y, Toyokuni S. Carbonic anhydrase 9 confers resistance to ferroptosis/apoptosis in malignant mesothelioma under hypoxia. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101297. [PMID: 31442913 PMCID: PMC6831888 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and acidity provide microenvironment for selection under evolutionary pressure and proliferation in cancer cells. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a superfamily of metalloenzymes present in all life kingdoms, equilibrating the reactions among CO2, bicarbonate and H+. CA9, a membrane-associated α-CA, has been a drug target for various cancers. Whereas iron is essential not only for cancer cells but also for all the lives on earth, little is known on the association among hypoxia, iron metabolism, extracellular acidity and redox regulation. Malignant mesothelioma (MM), an aggressive tumor with poor prognosis, is an intriguing model in that asbestos-associated pathogenesis includes excess iron environment during carcinogenesis. Re-analysis of rat asbestos-induced MM model revealed an inverse association between high CA9 expression and survival. Here we used human MMs to identify the molecular events surrounding CA9 from the viewpoint of iron metabolism. CA9 expression was significantly higher in MM cells than in MeT-5A mesothelial cells, which was further amplified under hypoxia (1%O2) with increased catalytic Fe(II). CA9 suppression by inhibitors (S4 and U104) decreased viability and migration of MM cells, accompanied by overexpression of TFRC, IREB1/2 and FPN1(SLC40A1) and by downregulation of FTH/FTL. This expressional pattern was similar to that of erastin-induced ferroptosis in the same cells. Furthermore, we observed mitochondrial fission and enhanced autophagy with increased catalytic Fe(II) in both mitochondria and lysosomes after CA9 inhibition, accompanied by increased peroxides, mitochondrial O2− and lipid peroxidation. The eventual cell death was significantly inhibited by deferoxamine, ferrostatin-1 and Z-VAD-FMK, suggesting a mixed cell death of ferroptosis and apoptosis. Therefore, CA9 plays a role in equilibrating among hypoxia, iron metabolism and redox regulation in MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Li
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shan Hwu Chew
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-Nishi, Gifu, 501-1113, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Mesothelium and Malignant Mesothelioma. J Dev Biol 2019; 7:jdb7020007. [PMID: 30965570 PMCID: PMC6630312 DOI: 10.3390/jdb7020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mesothelium is an epithelial structure derived from the embryonic mesoderm. It plays an important role in the development of a number of different organs, including the heart, lungs, and intestines. In this publication, we discuss aspects of the development of the mesothelium, where mesothelial structures can be found, and review molecular and cellular characteristics associated with the mesothelium. Furthermore, we discuss the involvement of the mesothelium in a number of disease conditions, in particular in the pathogenesis of mesotheliomas with an emphasis on malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM)—a primary cancer developing in the pleural cavity.
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Hirayama T. Fluorescent probes for the detection of catalytic Fe(II) ion. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:38-45. [PMID: 29990536 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is the most abundant redox-active metal ion in the human body, and its redox-active inter-convertible multiple oxidation states contributes to numerous essential biological processes. Moreover, iron overload can potentially cause cellular damage and death, as wel as numerous diseases through the aberrant production of highly reactive oxidative species (hROS). Protein-free or weakly-protein-bound Fe ions play a pivotal role as catalytic reactants of the Fenton reaction. In this reaction, hROS, such as hydroxyl radicals and high valent-iron-oxo species, are generated by a reaction between hydrogen peroxide and Fe(II), which is re-generated through reduction using abundant intracellular reductants, such as glutathione. This results in the catalytic evolution of hROS. Thus, selective detection of the catalytic Fe(II) in the living systems can explain both of the pathological and physiological functions of Fe(II). Written from the perspective of their modes of actions, this paper presents recent advances in the development of fluorescent and bioluminescent probes that can selectively detect catalytic Fe(II) together with their biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan.
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36
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Toyokuni S. Iron addiction with ferroptosis-resistance in asbestos-induced mesothelial carcinogenesis: Toward the era of mesothelioma prevention. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:206-215. [PMID: 30312759 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the primary cause of human mortality in most countries. This tendency has increased as various medical therapeutics have advanced, which suggests that we cannot escape carcinogenesis, although the final outcome may be modified by exposomes and statistics. Cancer is classified by its cellular differentiation. Mesothelial cells are distinct in that they line somatic cavities, facilitating the smooth movement of organs, but are not exposed to the external environment. Malignant mesothelioma, or simply mesothelioma, develops either in the pleural, peritoneal or pericardial cavities, or in the tunica vaginalis testes. Mesothelioma has been a relatively rare cancer but is socially important due to its association with asbestos exposure, caused by modern industrial development. The major pathogenic mechanisms include oxidative stress either via catalytic reactions against the asbestos surface or frustrated phagocytosis of macrophages, and specific adsorption of hemoglobin and histones by asbestos fibers in the presence of phagocytic activity of mesothelial cells. Multiwall carbon nanotubes of ~50 nm-diameter, additionally adsorbing transferrin, are similarly carcinogenic to mesothelial cells in rodents and were thus classified as Group 2B carcinogens. Genetic alterations found in human and rat mesothelioma notably contain changes found in other excess iron-induced carcinogenesis models. Phlebotomy and iron chelation therapies have been successful in the prevention of mesothelioma in rats. Alternatively, loading of oxidative stress by non-thermal plasma to mesothelioma cells causes ferroptosis. Therefore, carcinogenesis by foreign fibrous inorganic materials may overlap the uncovered molecular mechanisms of birth of life and its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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37
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Menicagli R, Marotta O, Menicagli L. The Exposure to Pollutants of the Auto Repair Workers: Monitoring their Oxidative Stress. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2019; 22:152-155. [PMID: 30647517 PMCID: PMC6309356 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_99_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Auto repair workers are exposed to multiple pollutants, each of them potentially risks, dangerous for several target organs. The aim of this study is to identify their possible overall effect, by monitoring the concentration of salivary malondialdehyde, index of oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: Malondialdehyde of 25 male workers, smokers and non-smokers, further divided into two subgroups relatively to the amplitude of their working place, was monitored, in the saliva, with the Thiobarbituric acid method. The control group consists of 12 and 13 male smokers, and 13 non-smokers. Univariate (UVA) and Multivariate (MVA) analysis methods were used to analyze the results. Results: No variable is significant (P ≥ 0.05) for the control group using UVA, while age and smoking significantly increase the levels of MDA (P ≤ 0.05) using MVA. For workers group, the age and the place of work increase the MDA (P ≤ 0.05) using UVA analysis, while only the place of work remains significant (≤0.05) using MVA analysis. MVA analysis reveals that, besides the type of work, also the age and smoking significantly increase the level of MDA, as a result of a higher exposure to pollutants. Conclusions: You can check the cumulative effect of pollutants on auto repair workers, by monitoring the salivary malondialdehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Menicagli
- Department of Biochemistry, Romabiomed Research Lab, Mediglia, Milan, Italy
| | - O Marotta
- Department of ENT, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - L Menicagli
- Department of ENT, IRSCC Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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38
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Ito F, Hisashi H, Toyokuni S. Polymer coating on carbon nanotubes into Durobeads is a novel strategy for human environmental safety. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2018; 80:597-604. [PMID: 30587874 PMCID: PMC6295439 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.80.4.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much business interest in industrial applications due to their high electrical and heat conductivities while being both durable and versatile. However, multiwall CNTs (MWCNTs) of ~50 nm diameter (NT50) have been shown to cause mesothelioma in rodents after direct exposure to mesothelial cells, and thus were classified as a Group 2B carcinogen to humans, which requires considerable regulations for use. In contrast, tangled MWCNTs of ~15 nm diameter (NTtngl) are not carcinogenic to rats, indicating that the physical dimension linked with mesothelial cellular uptake is an important factor for human environmental risk. In the present study, hypothesizing that dustability is another distinct risk factor, for the first time, we evaluated the toxicity of CNT granules (Durobeads) that were generated with a polymer coating to mesothelial cells. Polymer coating induced prominent agglomeration and significantly suppressed the dustability of CNTs in a dose-dependent manner, with a 10% polymer coating resulting in 730 times less dustability. These CNT granules revealed significantly lower mesothelial uptake and cytotoxicity in comparison to NT50 in in vitro assays. Similarly, in in vivo analyses, CNT granules induced limited peritoneal inflammation 4 weeks after intraperitoneal injection, whereas NT50 caused severe fibrosing inflammation. Previously, we demonstrated that the severity of inflammation by intraperitoneal injection in the subacute studies are in agreement with the mesothelial carcinogenicity by CNTs. Therefore, we suggest that adding a polymer coating to CNTs provides another smart strategy for the safe use of CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 46, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hisashi
- Mitsubishi Corporation, 3-1 Marunouchi 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 46, Japan
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39
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Hmeljak J, Sanchez-Vega F, Hoadley KA, Shih J, Stewart C, Heiman D, Tarpey P, Danilova L, Drill E, Gibb EA, Bowlby R, Kanchi R, Osmanbeyoglu HU, Sekido Y, Takeshita J, Newton Y, Graim K, Gupta M, Gay CM, Diao L, Gibbs DL, Thorsson V, Iype L, Kantheti H, Severson DT, Ravegnini G, Desmeules P, Jungbluth AA, Travis WD, Dacic S, Chirieac LR, Galateau-Sallé F, Fujimoto J, Husain AN, Silveira HC, Rusch VW, Rintoul RC, Pass H, Kindler H, Zauderer MG, Kwiatkowski DJ, Bueno R, Tsao AS, Creaney J, Lichtenberg T, Leraas K, Bowen J, Felau I, Zenklusen JC, Akbani R, Cherniack AD, Byers LA, Noble MS, Fletcher JA, Robertson AG, Shen R, Aburatani H, Robinson BW, Campbell P, Ladanyi M. Integrative Molecular Characterization of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:1548-1565. [PMID: 30322867 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-18-0804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly lethal cancer of the lining of the chest cavity. To expand our understanding of MPM, we conducted a comprehensive integrated genomic study, including the most detailed analysis of BAP1 alterations to date. We identified histology-independent molecular prognostic subsets, and defined a novel genomic subtype with TP53 and SETDB1 mutations and extensive loss of heterozygosity. We also report strong expression of the immune-checkpoint gene VISTA in epithelioid MPM, strikingly higher than in other solid cancers, with implications for the immune response to MPM and for its immunotherapy. Our findings highlight new avenues for further investigation of MPM biology and novel therapeutic options. SIGNIFICANCE: Through a comprehensive integrated genomic study of 74 MPMs, we provide a deeper understanding of histology-independent determinants of aggressive behavior, define a novel genomic subtype with TP53 and SETDB1 mutations and extensive loss of heterozygosity, and discovered strong expression of the immune-checkpoint gene VISTA in epithelioid MPM.See related commentary by Aggarwal and Albelda, p. 1508.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1494.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julija Hmeljak
- Department of Pathology and Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Francisco Sanchez-Vega
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Katherine A Hoadley
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Juliann Shih
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Chip Stewart
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David Heiman
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Patrick Tarpey
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Ludmila Danilova
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Esther Drill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ewan A Gibb
- GenomeDx Biosciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Reanne Bowlby
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rupa Kanchi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hatice U Osmanbeyoglu
- Computational Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Yulia Newton
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Kiley Graim
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Manaswi Gupta
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Carl M Gay
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Lisa Iype
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - David T Severson
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Lung Center and International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrice Desmeules
- Department of Pathology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Canada
| | - Achim A Jungbluth
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - William D Travis
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sanja Dacic
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lucian R Chirieac
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Aliya N Husain
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Henrique C Silveira
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valerie W Rusch
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Harvey Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Hedy Kindler
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago Medical Center and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marjorie G Zauderer
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David J Kwiatkowski
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raphael Bueno
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Lung Center and International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anne S Tsao
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jenette Creaney
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Tara Lichtenberg
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kristen Leraas
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jay Bowen
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Ina Felau
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Rehan Akbani
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrew D Cherniack
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Lung Center and International Mesothelioma Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael S Noble
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan A Fletcher
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - A Gordon Robertson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ronglai Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Bruce W Robinson
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Peter Campbell
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology and Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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Funahashi S, Okazaki Y, Nishiyama T, Ohyoshi H, Yasui H, Nishida K, Matsui S, Toyokuni S. Global overexpression of divalent metal transporter 1 delays crocidolite-induced mesothelial carcinogenesis in male mice. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1030-1039. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1514604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Funahashi
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Food and Nutritional Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University of Human Life and Environment, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nishiyama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Ohyoshi
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasui
- Department of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nishida
- Department of Biostatistics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Matsui
- Department of Biostatistics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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41
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Sage AP, Martinez VD, Minatel BC, Pewarchuk ME, Marshall EA, MacAulay GM, Hubaux R, Pearson DD, Goodarzi AA, Dellaire G, Lam WL. Genomics and Epigenetics of Malignant Mesothelioma. High Throughput 2018; 7:E20. [PMID: 30060501 PMCID: PMC6163664 DOI: 10.3390/ht7030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive and lethal asbestos-related disease. Diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma is particularly challenging and is further complicated by the lack of disease subtype-specific markers. As a result, it is especially difficult to distinguish malignant mesothelioma from benign reactive mesothelial proliferations or reactive fibrosis. Additionally, mesothelioma diagnoses can be confounded by other anatomically related tumors that can invade the pleural or peritoneal cavities, collectively resulting in delayed diagnoses and greatly affecting patient management. High-throughput analyses have uncovered key genomic and epigenomic alterations driving malignant mesothelioma. These molecular features have the potential to better our understanding of malignant mesothelioma biology as well as to improve disease diagnosis and patient prognosis. Genomic approaches have been instrumental in identifying molecular events frequently occurring in mesothelioma. As such, we review the discoveries made using high-throughput technologies, including novel insights obtained from the analysis of the non-coding transcriptome, and the clinical potential of these genetic and epigenetic findings in mesothelioma. Furthermore, we aim to highlight the potential of these technologies in the future clinical applications of the novel molecular features in malignant mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Sage
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Canadian Environmental Exposures in Cancer (CE2C) Network, Dalhousie University, P.O. BOX 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Victor D Martinez
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Canadian Environmental Exposures in Cancer (CE2C) Network, Dalhousie University, P.O. BOX 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Brenda C Minatel
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Canadian Environmental Exposures in Cancer (CE2C) Network, Dalhousie University, P.O. BOX 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Michelle E Pewarchuk
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Erin A Marshall
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Canadian Environmental Exposures in Cancer (CE2C) Network, Dalhousie University, P.O. BOX 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Gavin M MacAulay
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Roland Hubaux
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Dustin D Pearson
- Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Aaron A Goodarzi
- Canadian Environmental Exposures in Cancer (CE2C) Network, Dalhousie University, P.O. BOX 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Canadian Environmental Exposures in Cancer (CE2C) Network, Dalhousie University, P.O. BOX 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Wan L Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Canadian Environmental Exposures in Cancer (CE2C) Network, Dalhousie University, P.O. BOX 15000, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Ohara Y, Chew SH, Shibata T, Okazaki Y, Yamashita K, Toyokuni S. Phlebotomy as a preventive measure for crocidolite-induced mesothelioma in male rats. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:330-339. [PMID: 29193587 PMCID: PMC5797813 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare but socially important neoplasm due to its association with asbestos exposure. Malignant mesothelioma is difficult to diagnose at an early stage, yet there are no particularly effective treatments available at the advanced stage, thus necessitating efficient strategies to prevent MM in individuals already exposed to asbestos. We previously showed that persistent oxidative damage caused by foreign body reaction and affinity of asbestos both to hemoglobin and histones is one of the major pathogeneses. Accordingly, as an effective strategy to prevent asbestos‐induced MM, we undertook the use of an iron chelator, deferasirox, which decreased the epithelial–mesenchymal transition in a crocidolite‐induced rat MM model. However, this agent may show adverse effects. Here, we studied the effects of iron removal by phlebotomy as a realistic measure on the same rat model. We injected a total of 5 mg crocidolite i.p. to F1 hybrid rats between the Fischer‐344 and Brown‐Norway strains at the age of 6 weeks. We repeated weekly or biweekly phlebotomy of 6‐8 mL/kg/time from 10 to 60 weeks of age. The animals were observed until 120 weeks. In male rats, phlebotomy significantly decreased the weight and nuclear grade of MM, and modestly reduced the associated ascites and the fraction of more malignant sarcomatoid subtype. Weekly phlebotomy prolonged long‐term survival. Our results indicate that appropriate phlebotomy may be a practical preventive measure to attenuate the initiation and promotion capacity of asbestos towards MM by reducing iron in individuals exposed to asbestos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shan-Hwu Chew
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yamashita
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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43
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Blyth KG, Murphy DJ. Progress and challenges in Mesothelioma: From bench to bedside. Respir Med 2017; 134:31-41. [PMID: 29413505 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is currently an incurable cancer with a typical survival of 1 year from the time of diagnosis. The recent genomic and transcriptomic characterization of MPM presents new opportunities and challenges for MPM researchers. Recent advances in clinical and laboratory diagnostics, and proposals for an updated, data-driven, staging system, also present new challenges for clinicians and hospital services involved in MPM care. The aim of this review is first to introduce the reader to the topic of MPM, a disease that is causally linked to prior, typically occupational, exposure to asbestos fibres. Secondly, we will discuss MPM from the clinical and laboratory perspectives, including reviews of current and evolving therapies and our present understanding of the molecular basis of the disease. Finally, we will attempt to identify critical knowledge gaps that currently prevent more effective treatment, including the challenges involved in early detection and chemoprophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G Blyth
- Glasgow Pleural Disease Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, UK.
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44
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Li GH, Akatsuka S, Chew SH, Jiang L, Nishiyama T, Sakamoto A, Takahashi T, Futakuchi M, Suzuki H, Sakumi K, Nakabeppu Y, Toyokuni S. Fenton reaction-induced renal carcinogenesis in Mutyh-deficient mice exhibits less chromosomal aberrations than the rat model. Pathol Int 2017; 67:564-574. [PMID: 29027306 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress including iron excess has been associated with carcinogenesis. The level of 8-oxoguanine, a major oxidatively modified base in DNA, is maintained very low by three distinct enzymes, encoded by OGG1, MUTYH and MTH1. Germline biallelic inactivation of MUTYH represents a familial cancer syndrome called MUTYH-associated polyposis. Here, we used Mutyh-deficient mice to evaluate renal carcinogenesis induced by ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA). Although the C57BL/6 background is cancer-resistant, a repeated intraperitoneal administration of Fe-NTA induced a high incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC; 26.7%) in Mutyh-deficient mice in comparison to wild-type mice (7.1%). Fe-NTA treatment also induced renal malignant lymphoma, which did not occur without the Fe-NTA treatment in both the genotypes. Renal tumor-free survival after Fe-NTA treatment was marginally different (P = 0.157) between the two genotypes. Array-based comparative genome hybridization analyses revealed, in RCC, the loss of heterozygosity in chromosomes 4 and 12 without p16INKA inactivation; these results were confirmed by a methylation analysis and showed no significant difference between the genotypes. Lymphomas showed a preference for genomic amplifications. Dlk1 inactivation by promoter methylation may be involved in carcinogenesis in both tumors. Fe-NTA-induced murine RCCs revealed significantly less genomic aberrations than those in rats, demonstrating a marked species difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Hua Li
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Akatsuka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shan Hwu Chew
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nishiyama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sakamoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Futakuchi
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Sakumi
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Hebert L, Bellanger D, Guillas C, Campagne A, Dingli F, Loew D, Fievet A, Jacquemin V, Popova T, Jean D, Mechta-Grigoriou F, Margueron R, Stern MH. Modulating BAP1 expression affects ROS homeostasis, cell motility and mitochondrial function. Oncotarget 2017; 8:72513-72527. [PMID: 29069806 PMCID: PMC5641149 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor BAP1 associates with ASXL1/2 to form the core Polycomb complex PR-DUB, which catalyzes the removal of mono-ubiquitin from several substrates including histone H2A. This complex also mediates the poly-deubiquitination of HCFC1, OGT and PCG1-α, preventing them from proteasomal degradation. Surprisingly, considering its role in a Polycomb complex, no transcriptional signature was consistently found among BAP1-inactivated tumor types. It was hypothesized that BAP1 tumor suppressor activity could reside, at least in part, in stabilizing proteins through its poly-deubiquitinase activity. Quantitative mass spectrometry and gene expression arrays were used to investigate the consequences of BAP1 expression modulation in the NCI-H226 mesothelioma cell line. Analysis of differentially expressed proteins revealed enrichment in cytoskeleton organization, mitochondrial activity and ROS management, while gene expression analysis revealed enrichment in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathway. Functional assessments in BAP1 inactivated, BAP1 wild-type and BAP1 catalytically dead-expressing NCI-H226 and QR mesothelioma cell lines confirmed alteration of these pathways and demonstrated that BAP1 deubiquitinase activity was mandatory to maintain these phenotypes. Interestingly, monitoring intracellular ROS levels partly restored the morphology and the mitochondrial activity. Finally, the study suggests new tumorigenic and cellular functions of BAP1 and shows for the first time the interest of studying the proteome as readout of BAP1 inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Hebert
- Department of Genetics and Biology of Cancers, INSERM U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris 75248, France
| | - Dorine Bellanger
- Department of Genetics and Biology of Cancers, INSERM U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris 75248, France
| | - Chloé Guillas
- Department of Genetics and Biology of Cancers, INSERM U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris 75248, France
| | - Antoine Campagne
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, CNRS UMR 3215/INSERM U934, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris 75248, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics facility, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris 75248, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics facility, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris 75248, France
| | - Alice Fievet
- Department of Genetics and Biology of Cancers, INSERM U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris 75248, France.,Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris 75248, France
| | - Virginie Jacquemin
- Department of Genetics and Biology of Cancers, INSERM U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris 75248, France
| | - Tatiana Popova
- Department of Genetics and Biology of Cancers, INSERM U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris 75248, France
| | | | - Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou
- Department of Genetics and Biology of Cancers, INSERM U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris 75248, France
| | - Raphaël Margueron
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, CNRS UMR 3215/INSERM U934, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris 75248, France
| | - Marc-Henri Stern
- Department of Genetics and Biology of Cancers, INSERM U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris 75248, France.,Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris 75248, France
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46
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Toyokuni S, Ito F, Yamashita K, Okazaki Y, Akatsuka S. Iron and thiol redox signaling in cancer: An exquisite balance to escape ferroptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:610-626. [PMID: 28433662 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data indicate a constant worldwide increase in cancer mortality, although the age of onset is increasing. Recent accumulation of genomic data on human cancer via next-generation sequencing confirmed that cancer is a disease of genome alteration. In many cancers, the Nrf2 transcription system is activated via mutations either in Nrf2 or Keap1 ubiquitin ligase, leading to persistent activation of the genes with antioxidative functions. Furthermore, deep sequencing of passenger mutations is clarifying responsible cancer causative agent(s) in each case, including aging, APOBEC activation, smoking and UV. Therefore, it is most likely that oxidative stress is the principal initiating factor in carcinogenesis, with the involvement of two essential molecules for life, iron and oxygen. There is evidence based on epidemiological and animal studies that excess iron is a major risk for carcinogenesis, suggesting the importance of ferroptosis-resistance. Microscopic visualization of catalytic Fe(II) has recently become available. Although catalytic Fe(II) is largely present in lysosomes, proliferating cells harbor catalytic Fe(II) also in the cytosol and mitochondria. Oxidative stress catalyzed by Fe(II) is counteracted by thiol systems at different functional levels. Nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen (per)sulfide modulate these reactions. Mitochondria generate not only energy but also heme/iron sulfur cluster cofactors and remain mostly dysfunctional in cancer cells, leading to Warburg effects. Cancer cells are under persistent oxidative stress with a delicate balance between catalytic iron and thiols, thereby escaping ferroptosis. Thus, high-dose L-ascorbate and non-thermal plasma as well as glucose/glutamine deprivation may provide additional benefits as cancer therapies over preexisting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Fumiya Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yamashita
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Akatsuka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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47
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Shi L, Ito F, Wang Y, Okazaki Y, Tanaka H, Mizuno M, Hori M, Hirayama T, Nagasawa H, Richardson DR, Toyokuni S. Non-thermal plasma induces a stress response in mesothelioma cells resulting in increased endocytosis, lysosome biogenesis and autophagy. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:904-917. [PMID: 28465262 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) is a potential new therapeutic modality for cancer. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Herein, we studied the effect of NTP on mesothelioma cells and fibroblasts to understand its anti-proliferative efficacy. Interestingly, NTP demonstrated greater selective anti-proliferative activity against mesothelioma cells relative to fibroblasts than cisplatin, which is used for mesothelioma treatment. The anti-proliferative effect of NTP was enhanced by pre-incubation with the cellular iron donor, ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), and inhibited by iron chelation using desferrioxamine (DFO). Three oxidative stress probes (CM-H2DCFDA, MitoSOX and C11-BODIPY) demonstrated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by NTP, which was inhibited by DFO. Moreover, NTP decreased transferrin receptor-1 and increased ferritin-H and -L chain expression that was correlated with decreased iron-regulatory protein expression and RNA-binding activity. This regulation was potentially due to increased intracellular iron in lysosomes, which was demonstrated via the Fe(II)-selective probe, HMRhoNox-M, and was consistent with autophagic-induction. Immunofluorescence using LysoTracker and Pepstatin A probes demonstrated increased cellular lysosome content, which was confirmed by elevated LAMP1 expression. The enhanced lysosomal biogenesis after NTP could be due to the observed increase in fluid-phase endocytosis and early endosome formation. These results suggest NTP acts as a stressor, which results in increased endocytosis, lysosome content and autophagy. In fact, NTP rapidly increased autophagosome formation, as judged by increased LC3B-II expression, which co-localized with LAMP1, indicating autophagolysosome formation. Autophagic-induction by NTP was confirmed using electron microscopy. In summary, NTP acts as a cellular stressor to rapidly induce fluid-phase endocytosis, lysosome biogenesis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fumiya Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mizuno
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Plasma Nanotechnology Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- The Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideko Nagasawa
- The Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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48
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No cancer predisposition or increased spontaneous mutation frequencies in NEIL DNA glycosylases-deficient mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4384. [PMID: 28663564 PMCID: PMC5491499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04472-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) is a major pathway for removal of DNA base lesions and maintenance of genomic stability, which is essential in cancer prevention. DNA glycosylases recognize and remove specific lesions in the first step of BER. The existence of a number of these enzymes with overlapping substrate specificities has been thought to be the reason why single knock-out models of individual DNA glycosylases are not cancer prone. In this work we have characterized DNA glycosylases NEIL1 and NEIL2 (Neil1−/−/Neil2−/−) double and NEIL1, NEIL2 and NEIL3 (Neil1−/−/Neil2−/−/Neil3−/−) triple knock-out mouse models. Unexpectedly, our results show that these mice are not prone to cancer and have no elevated mutation frequencies under normal physiological conditions. Moreover, telomere length is not affected and there was no accumulation of oxidative DNA damage compared to wild-type mice. These results strengthen the hypothesis that the NEIL enzymes are not simply back-up enzymes for each other but enzymes that have distinct functions beyond canonical repair.
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49
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Wei TT, Wang LL, Yin JR, Liu YT, Qin BD, Li JY, Yin X, Zhou L, Zhong RQ. Relationship between red blood cell distribution width, bilirubin, and clinical characteristics of patients with gastric cancer. Int J Lab Hematol 2017; 39:497-501. [PMID: 28497572 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T.-T. Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medcine; Changzheng Hospital; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - L.-L. Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medcine; Changzheng Hospital; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - J.-R. Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medcine; Changzheng Hospital; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Y.-T. Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medcine; Changzheng Hospital; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - B.-D. Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medcine; Changzheng Hospital; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - J.-Y. Li
- Department of Laboratory Medcine; Changzheng Hospital; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - X. Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medcine; Changzheng Hospital; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - L. Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medcine; Changzheng Hospital; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - R.-Q. Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medcine; Changzheng Hospital; The Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
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50
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Chew SH, Okazaki Y, Akatsuka S, Wang S, Jiang L, Ohara Y, Ito F, Saya H, Sekido Y, Toyokuni S. Rheostatic CD44 isoform expression and its association with oxidative stress in human malignant mesothelioma. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 106:91-99. [PMID: 28185919 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD44 exists as a standard (CD44s) isoform and different variant isoforms (CD44v) due to alternative splicing. While the complex nature of these different isoforms has not been fully elucidated, CD44v expression has been shown to exert oncogenic effects by promoting tumor progression, metastasis and resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapy. One of the CD44v isoforms, CD44v8-10, was recently shown to protect cancer cells from oxidative stress by increasing the synthesis of glutathione (GSH). However, data regarding CD44 isoform expression in malignant mesothelioma (MM) are still lacking. Here, we show that most of the MM cell lines express both the CD44s and CD44v isoforms, in contrast to non-tumorigenic mesothelial cells, which express only CD44s. Moreover, we show here that these MM cell lines are positive for CD44 variable exon 9, with CD44v8-10 among the variant isoforms expressed. The expression of CD44 variable exon 9 was found to be statistically associated with NF2 inactivation, a common occurrence in MM. Knockdown of CD44 reduced the protein level of xCT, a cystine transporter, and increased oxidative stress. However, an increase in GSH was also observed and was associated with enhanced chemoresistance in CD44-knockdown cells. Increased GSH was mediated by the Nrf2/AP-1-induced upregulation of GCLC, a subunit of the enzyme catalyzing GSH synthesis. Our results thus suggest that the response to CD44 depletion is cell type-dependent and, in cases such as MM cells, compensatory pathway(s) might be activated rheostatically to account for the loss of CD44 and counteract enhanced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Hwu Chew
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shinya Akatsuka
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shenqi Wang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuuki Ohara
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fumiya Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sekido
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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