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Sangkaew W, Sianglum W, Wunnoo S, Voravuthikunchai SP, Joycharat N. Bioactive substance contents and therapeutic potential for skin inflammation of an herbal gel containing Derris reticulata and Glycyrrhiza glabra. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:648-658. [PMID: 39150231 PMCID: PMC11332287 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2385456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Derris reticulata Craib. and Glycyrrhiza glabra L., of the Fabaceae, have been used as active components in Thai herbal formulas for the treatment of fever and skin diseases. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of the developed herbal gel formulation containing the combined extract from D. reticulata stem wood and G. glabra root (RGF). MATERIALS AND METHODS The potential of the herbal gel formulation containing RGF (8% w/w) as the active ingredient was studied by evaluating the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-Staphylococcus aureus activities using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay, spectrophotometric method, and broth microdilution technique, respectively. The reference standards for the biological testing included Nω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA), ascorbic acid, catechin, and penicillin G. The stability study of the RGF herbal gel was performed by a heating-cooling test (at 45 °C for 24 h and at 4 °C for 24 h/1 cycle; for 6 cycles), and the bioactive marker compounds in the herbal gel were investigated by the HPLC technique. RESULTS RGF showed promising pharmacological effects, particularly on its anti-inflammatory property (IC50 73.86 µg/mL), compared to L-NA (IC50 47.10 µg/mL). The RGF-containing gel demonstrated anti-inflammatory (IC50 3.59 mg/mL) and free radical scavenging effects (IC50 0.05-4.39 mg/mL), whereas it had no anti-S. aureus activity (MIC > 10 mg/mL). The active ingredient in the developed herbal gel significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production by downregulating iNOS mRNA levels. The contents of the bioactive markers in the RGF gel (lupinifolin and glabridin) did not change significantly after stability testing. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The RGF-containing gel has potential to be further developed as an herbal product for the treatment of skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warissara Sangkaew
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Wipawadee Sianglum
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Suttiwan Wunnoo
- Center of Antimicrobial Biomaterial Innovation-Southeast Asia, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | - Nantiya Joycharat
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Bombelli A, Araya-Cloutier C, Abee T, den Besten HMW. Disinfectant efficacy of glabridin against dried and biofilm cells of Listeria monocytogenes and the impact of residual organic matter. Food Res Int 2024; 191:114613. [PMID: 39059895 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Glabridin is an antimicrobial compound which can be extracted from plants, such as liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) roots. Although its activity against foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms has already been reported, the investigation of potential applications as a surface disinfectant is still largely unexplored. Hence, this study evaluated the disinfectant efficacy of glabridin against Listeria monocytogenes. The activity of glabridin was first tested in vitro in a nutrient-rich medium against eight strains of L. monocytogenes, including food isolates and the model strain EGDe. The tested strains showed similar susceptibility with minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of 12.5 µg/mL and 25 µg/mL, respectively. Subsequently, L. monocytogenes L6, FBR17 and EGDe were selected to assess the efficacy of glabridin against dried cells (according to the European standard EN 13697:2015 + A1:2019) and biofilm cells on stainless steel surfaces. Moreover, the impact of food residual organic matter was investigated using skim milk, cantaloupe and smoked salmon solution as soiling components. Our results showed that applying 200 µg/mL of glabridin resulted in a substantial reduction (>3 log10) of dried and biofilm cells of L. monocytogenes in standard conditions (i.e. low level of residual organic matter). Cantaloupe soiling components slightly reduced the activity of glabridin, while the efficacy of glabridin when tested with salmon and skim milk residuals was substantially affected. Comparative analysis using standardized protein contents provided evidence that the type of food matrices and type of proteins may impact the activity of glabridin as a disinfectant. Overall, this study showed low strain variability for the activity of glabridin against L. monocytogenes and shed light on the possible application of this natural antimicrobial compound as a surface disinfectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bombelli
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tjakko Abee
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heidy M W den Besten
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Yang J, Zhang L, He X, Gou X, Zong Z, Luo Y. In vitro and in vivo enhancement effect of glabridin on the antibacterial activity of colistin, against multidrug resistant Escherichia coli strains. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155732. [PMID: 38776738 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in antimicrobial resistance leads to complications in treatments, prolonged hospitalization, and increased mortality. Glabridin (GLA) is a hydroxyisoflavan from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. that exhibits multiple pharmacological activities. Colistin (COL), a last-resort antibiotic, is increasingly being used in clinic against Gram-negative bacteria. Previous reports have shown that GLA is able to sensitize first line antibiotics such as norfloxacin and vancomycin on Staphylococcus aureus, implying that the use of GLA as an antibiotic adjuvant is a promising strategy for addressing the issue of drug resistance. However, the adjuvant effect on other antibiotics, especially COL, on Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli has not been studied. PURPOSE The objective of our study was to investigate the targets of GLA and the synergistic effect of GLA and COL in E. coli, and to provide further evidence for the use of GLA as an antibiotic adjuvant to alleviate the problem of drug resistance. METHODS We first investigated the interaction between GLA and enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase, also called "FabI", through enzyme inhibition assay, differential scanning fluorimetry, isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular docking assay. We tested the transmembrane capacity of GLA on its own and combined it with several antibiotics. The antimicrobial activities of GLA and COL were evaluated against six different susceptible and resistant E. coli in vitro. Their interactions were analyzed using checkerboard assay, time-kill curve and CompuSyn software. A series of sensitivity tests was conducted in E. coli overexpressing the fabI gene. The development of COL resistance in the presence of GLA was tested. The antimicrobial efficacy of GLA and COL in a mouse model of urinary tract infection was assessed. The anti-biofilm effects of GLA and COL were investigated. RESULTS In this study, enzyme kinetic analysis and thermal analysis provided evidence for the interaction between GLA and FabI in E. coli. GLA enhanced the antimicrobial effect of COL and synergistically suppressed six different susceptible and resistant E. coli with COL. Overexpression experiments showed that targeted inhibition of FabI was a key mechanism by which GLA synergistically enhanced COL activity. The combination of GLA and COL slowed the development of COL resistance in E. coli. Combined GLA and COL treatment significantly reduced bacterial load and mitigated urinary tract injury in a mouse model of E. coli urinary tract infection. Additionally, GLA + COL inhibited the formation and eradication of biofilms and the synthesis of curli. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that GLA synergistically enhances antimicrobial activities of COL by targeting inhibition of FabI in E. coli. GLA is expected to continue to be developed as an antibiotic adjuvant to address drug resistance issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Yang
- Center of Infectious Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Laiying Zhang
- Center of Infectious Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinlian He
- Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xupeng Gou
- Center of Infectious Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiyong Zong
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- Center of Infectious Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Ramesh KSV, Gokul MNR, Penmetsa GS, Sruthima GNVS, Mohan Kumar P, Swetha P, Vivek B. Quantitative determination of the antibacterial activity of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and tetracycline gel against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) - a microbiological in vitro study. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 0:jcim-2024-0183. [PMID: 39042815 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2024-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the antibacterial efficacy of licorice gel and tetracycline gel against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. METHODS An indigenously prepared 50 μL licorice and tetracycline gel was subjected to antibacterial sensitivity test (thrice) against Aa, Pg, Pi by agar well diffusion method using Brain Heart Infusion media. Colonies of Aa, Pg, Pi was transferred into broth and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h and diameter of inhibition zone was measured. RESULTS The drug release profile of licorice gel at six regular intervals was higher when compared to tetracycline. MIC of licorice gel (50 μg/mL) against Aa (14 mg), Pg (7 mg), Pi (7 mg) respectively. The diameter of inhibition zone of licorice gel was significant against Aa when compared to tetracycline gel. However, tetracycline gel exhibited significant diameter of inhibition zone against Pg and Pi when compared to licorice gel. There was a statistical significance difference between licorice and tetracycline gel against Aa (p=0.043*), Pg (p=0.037*), Pi (p=0.046*) while assessing antibacterial sensitivity test. CONCLUSIONS Licorice gel has anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties which can act against periodontal pathogens and can be considered in treating periodontal disease at low concentrations. Therefore, it can be used as an adjunctive local drug delivery agent to non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in treating periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konathala S V Ramesh
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, 77203 Vishnu Dental College , Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
- 77203 Vishnu Dental College , Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mopati Nishanth Reddy Gokul
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, 77203 Vishnu Dental College , Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
- 77203 Vishnu Dental College , Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gautami S Penmetsa
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, 77203 Vishnu Dental College , Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gottumukkala N V S Sruthima
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, 77203 Vishnu Dental College , Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
- 77203 Vishnu Dental College , Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pasupuleti Mohan Kumar
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, 77203 Vishnu Dental College , Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pasupuleti Swetha
- 77203 Vishnu Dental College , Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, 77203 Vishnu Dental College , Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Bypalli Vivek
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, 77203 Vishnu Dental College , Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Imam MW, Luqman S. Unveiling the mechanism of essential oil action against skin pathogens: from ancient wisdom to modern science. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:347. [PMID: 38985339 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03986-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Essential oils are among the most well-known phyto-compounds, and since ancient times, they have been utilized in medicine. Over 100 essential oils have been identified and utilized as therapies for various skin infections and related ailments. While numerous commercial medicines are available in different dosage forms to treat skin diseases, the persisting issues include their side effects, toxicity, and low efficacy. As a result, researchers are seeking novel classes of compounds as substitutes for synthetic drugs, aiming for minimal side effects, no toxicity, and high efficacy. Essential oils have shown promising antimicrobial activity against skin-associated pathogens. This review presents essential knowledge and scientific information regarding essential oil's antimicrobial capabilities against microorganisms that cause skin infections. Essential oils mechanisms against different pathogens have also been explored. Many essential oils exhibit promising activity against various microbes, which has been qualitatively assessed using the agar disc diffusion experiment, followed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration for quantitative evaluation. It has been observed that Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans have been extensively researched in the context of skin-related infections and their antimicrobial activity, including established modes of action. In contrast, other skin pathogens such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogens, Propionibacterium acnes, and Malassezia furfur have received less attention or neglected. This review report provides an updated understanding of the mechanisms of action of various essential oils with antimicrobial properties. This review explores the anti-infectious activity and mode of action of essential against distinct skin pathogens. Such knowledge can be valuable in treating skin infections and related ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Waquar Imam
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Naeem A, Yu C, Wang X. Highly swellable, cytocompatible and biodegradeable guar gum-based hydrogel system for controlled release of bioactive components of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.): Synthesis and evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132825. [PMID: 38852724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn (liquorice) has been widely used for therapeutic purposes to treat digestive disorders, immunomodulatory disorders, inflammatory disorders, diabetes, viral infections, and cancer. Liquorice contains a wide variety of bioactive compounds, including glycyrrhizin, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Several factors compromise their therapeutic efficacy, such as poor pharmacokinetic profiles and physicochemical properties. Therefore, to improve its overall effectiveness, liquorice solid dispersion (LSD) was incorporated into biopolymer-based guar gum-grafted-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (Guar gum-g-AMPS) hydrogels designed for controlled delivery via the oral route and characterized. The qualitative analysis of LSD revealed 51 compounds. Hydrogel structural properties were assessed for their effect on swelling and release. The highest swelling ratio (6413 %) and drug release (84.12 %) occurred at pH 1.2 compared to pH 7.4 (swelling ratio of 2721 % and drug release of 79.36 %) in 48 h. The hydrogels exhibited high porosity (84.23 %) and biodegradation (9.30 % in 7 days). In vitro hemolysis tests have demonstrated the compatibility of the hydrogel with blood. CCK-8 assay confirmed the biocompatibility of the synthesized hydrogel using osteoblasts and RIN-m5f cells. LSD exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity when loaded into hydrogels after being subjected to protein denaturation experiments. Moreover, LSD-loaded hydrogels have good antioxidant and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Naeem
- School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, College of Medical Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Chengqun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 442000 Shiyan, China.
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Esmaeili H, Mirjalili MH, Karami A, Nejad Ebrahimi S. Introducing the glycyrrhizic acid and glabridin rich genotypes from the cultivated Iranian licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) populations to exploit in production systems. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11034. [PMID: 38744977 PMCID: PMC11094143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, the stable, uniform, and highly efficient production of raw materials for pharmaceutical companies has received special attention. To meet these criteria and reduce harvesting pressure on the natural habitats of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), cultivation of this valuable plant is inevitable. In the present study, to introduce the glycyrrhizic acid (GA)- and glabridin-rich genotypes from cultivated Iranian licorice, forty genotypes from eight high-potential wild populations were cultivated and evaluated under the same environmental conditions. The GA content varied from 5.00 ± 0.04 mg/g DW (TF2 genotype) to 23.13 ± 0.02 mg/g DW (I5 genotype). The highest and lowest glabridin content were found in the K2 (0.72 ± 0.021 mg/g DW) and M5 (0.02 ± 0.002 mg/g DW) genotypes, respectively. The rutin content in the leaves of the studied genotypes varied from 1.27 ± 0.02 mg/g DW in E4 to 3.24 ± 0.02 mg/g DW in BO5 genotypes. The genotypes from the Ilam population were characterized by higher vegetative growth and yield traits in the aerial parts and roots. The average root dry yield was 2.44 tons per hectare (t/ha) among the studied genotypes and a genotype from Ilam (I5) yielded the maximum value (3.08 ± 0.034 t/ha). The highest coefficient of variation among the genotypes was observed for leaf width (CV = 34.9%). The GA and glabridin-rich genotypes introduced in this study can be used in the future breeding programs to release new bred licorice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Esmaeili
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran.
| | - Akbar Karami
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samad Nejad Ebrahimi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
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Hu YG, Battini N, Fang B, Zhou CH. Discovery of indolylacryloyl-derived oxacins as novel potential broad-spectrum antibacterial candidates. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 270:116392. [PMID: 38608408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of serious bacterial resistance towards clinical oxacins poses a considerable threat to global public health, necessitating the development of novel structural antibacterial agents. Seven types of novel indolylacryloyl-derived oxacins (IDOs) were designed and synthesized for the first time from commercial 3,4-difluoroaniline via an eight-step procedure. The synthesized compounds were characterized by modern spectroscopic techniques. All target molecules were evaluated for antimicrobial activities. Most of the prepared IDOs showed a broad antibacterial spectrum and strong activities against the tested strains, especially ethoxycarbonyl IDO 10d (0.25-0.5 μg/mL) and hydroxyethyl IDO 10e (0.25-1 μg/mL) exhibited much superior antibacterial efficacies to reference drug norfloxacin. These highly active IDOs also displayed low hemolysis, cytotoxicity and resistance, as well as rapid bactericidal capacity. Further investigations indicated that ethoxycarbonyl IDO 10d and hydroxyethyl IDO 10e could effectively reduce the exopolysaccharide content and eradicate the formed biofilm, which might delay the development of drug resistance. Preliminary exploration of the antibacterial mechanism revealed that active IDOs could not only destroy membrane integrity, resulting in changes in membrane permeability, but also promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, leading to the production of malondialdehyde and decreased bacterial metabolism. Moreover, they exhibited the capability to bind with DNA and DNA gyrase, forming supramolecular complexes through various noncovalent interactions, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and causing bacterial death. All the above results suggested that the newly developed indolylacryloyl-derived oxacins should hold great promise as potential multitargeting broad-spectrum antibacterial candidates to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Gao Hu
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Narsaiah Battini
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Bo Fang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators As Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Okińczyc P, Widelski J, Nowak K, Radwan S, Włodarczyk M, Kuś PM, Susniak K, Korona-Głowniak I. Phytochemical Profiles and Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Populus spp. Bud Extracts. Molecules 2024; 29:437. [PMID: 38257349 PMCID: PMC10819791 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Buds of poplar trees (Populus species) are often covered with sticky, usually polyphenol-rich, exudates. Moreover, accessible data showed that some Populus bud extracts may be excellent antibacterial agents, especially against Gram-positive bacteria. Due to the fragmentary nature of the data found, we conducted a systematic screening study. The antimicrobial activity of two extract types (semi-polar-ethanolic and polar-ethanolic-water (50/50; V/V)) from 27 bud samples of different poplar taxons were compared. Antimicrobial assays were performed against Gram-positive (five strains) and Gram-negative (six strains) bacteria as well as fungi (three strains) and covered the determination of minimal inhibitory, bactericidal, and fungicidal concentrations. The composition of extracts was later investigated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection (UHPLC-DAD) and with electrospray-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS). As a result, most of the extracts exhibited good (MIC ≤ 62.5 µg/mL) or moderate (62.5 < MIC ≤ 500 µg/mL) activity against Gram-positives and Helicobacter pylori, as well as fungi. The most active were ethanolic extracts from P. trichocarpa, P. trichocarpa clone 'Robusta', and P. tacamahaca × P. trichocarpa. The strongest activity was observed for P. tacamahaca × P. trichocarpa. Antibacterial activity was supposedly connected with the abundant presence of flavonoids (pinobanksin, pinobanksin 3-acetate, chrysin, pinocembrin, galangin, isosakuranetin dihydrochalcone, pinocembrin dihydrochalcone, and 2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxydihydrochalcone), hydroxycinnamic acids monoesters (p-methoxycinnamic acid cinnamyl ester, caffeic acid phenethylate and different isomers of prenyl esters), and some minor components (balsacones).
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Okińczyc
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, PL-50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (M.W.); (P.M.K.)
| | - Jarosław Widelski
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL-20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kinga Nowak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, PL-62-035 Kórnik, Poland;
| | - Sylwia Radwan
- Laboratory of Elemental Analysis and Structural Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, PL-50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Maciej Włodarczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, PL-50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (M.W.); (P.M.K.)
| | - Piotr Marek Kuś
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, PL-50-556 Wrocław, Poland; (M.W.); (P.M.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Susniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL-20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (I.K.-G.)
| | - Izabela Korona-Głowniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL-20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (I.K.-G.)
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Xu X, Zhang H, Jin S, Zhu Y, Lv Z, Cui P, Lu G. Three Licorice Extracts' Impact on the Quality of Fresh-Cut Sweet Potato ( Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) Slices. Foods 2024; 13:211. [PMID: 38254512 PMCID: PMC10815067 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The quality of fresh-cut produce, particularly sweet potatoes, is crucial for their value. Licorice extract is an optional additive in fresh-cut sweet potatoes. This study examined the impact of three licorice extracts (licorice acid, LA; licorice flavonoids, LF; and licorice polysaccharides, LP) on the quality of fresh-cut sweet potato slices (FCSPSs) for one week of storage. After one week of storage, the extracts showed varying effects on FCSPSs. LA and LF treatments reduced the area proportion of browning (APB), while LP treatments increased APB and decreased L* values. Antioxidant experiments revealed that LP treatments increased PPO and POD activity while reducing SOD activity. The concentrations of the three licorice extracts showed a strong negative correlation with SOD activity. In conclusion, LP harmed the appearance and antioxidant qualities of FCSPSs. LA and LF may be suitable additive components for FCSPSs, and 30 mg/mL LA and LF treatments were found to maintain the appearance and texture quality of FCSPSs during storage. Therefore, careful consideration should be given when using LP as a food additive for FCSPSs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Guoquan Lu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Root and Tuber Crops, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (X.X.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (P.C.)
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11
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Bombelli A, Araya-Cloutier C, Boeren S, Vincken JP, Abee T, den Besten HMW. Effects of the antimicrobial glabridin on membrane integrity and stress response activation in Listeria monocytogenes. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113687. [PMID: 38128979 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Glabridin is a prenylated isoflavan which can be extracted from liquorice roots and has shown antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. However, its application may be hindered due to limited information about its mode of action. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mode of action of glabridin using a combined phenotypic and proteomic approach on Listeria monocytogenes. Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy of cells exposed to glabridin showed membrane permeabilization upon treatment with lethal concentrations of glabridin. Comparative proteomics analysis of control cells and cells exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of glabridin showed upregulation of proteins related to the two-component systems LiaSR and VirRS, confirming cell envelope damage during glabridin treatment. Additional upregulation of SigmaB regulon members signified activation of the general stress response in L. monocytogenes during this treatment. In line with the observed upregulation of cell envelope and general stress response proteins, sub-lethal treatment of glabridin induced (cross)protection against lethal heat and low pH stress and against antimicrobials such as nisin and glabridin itself. Overall, this study sheds light on the mode of action of glabridin and activation of the main stress responses to this antimicrobial isoflavan and highlights possible implications of its use as a naturally derived antimicrobial compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bombelli
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sjef Boeren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tjakko Abee
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Heidy M W den Besten
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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12
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Zhao S, Geng Y, Shi J, Qian J, Yang Y, Dai D, Yan Z, Qi W, Yu D, Zhao X. Chinese herbal compound for multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant bacterial pneumonia: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis with association rule mining to identify core herb combinations. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1282538. [PMID: 38174222 PMCID: PMC10761442 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1282538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Antibiotic-resistant bacterial pneumonia poses a significant therapeutic challenge. In China, Chinese herbal compound (CHC) is commonly used to treat bacterial pneumonia. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHC and identify core herb combinations for the treatment of multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant bacterial pneumonia. Methods: Stata 16 and TSA 0.9.5.10 beta software were used for meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA), respectively. Exploring the sources of heterogeneity through meta-regression and subgroup analysis. Results: Thirty-eight studies involving 2890 patients were included in the analyses. Meta-analysis indicated that CHC combined with antibiotics improved the response rate (RR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.19-1.28; p < 0.0001) and microbiological eradication (RR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.27-1.57; p < 0.0001), lowered the white blood cell count (MD = -2.09; 95% CI: -2.65 to -1.53; p < 0.0001), procalcitonin levels (MD = -0.49; 95% CI: -0.59 to -0.40; p < 0.0001), C-reactive protein levels (MD = -11.80; 95% CI: -15.22 to -8.39; p < 0.0001), Clinical Pulmonary Infection Scores (CPIS) (MD = -1.97; 95% CI: -2.68 to -1.26; p < 0.0001), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE)-II score (MD = -4.08; 95% CI: -5.16 to -3.00; p < 0.0001), shortened the length of hospitalization (MD = -4.79; 95% CI: -6.18 to -3.40; p < 0.0001), and reduced the number of adverse events. TSA indicated that the response rate and microbiological eradication results were robust. Moreover, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Fritillaria thunbergii Miq, Lonicera japonica Thunb, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch were identified as core CHC prescription herbs. Conclusion: Compared with antibiotic treatment, CHC + antibiotic treatment was superior in improving response rate, microbiological eradication, inflammatory response, CPIS, and APACHE-II score and shortening the length of hospitalization. Association rule analysis identified four core herbs as promising candidates for treating antibiotic-resistant bacterial pneumonia. However, large-scale clinical studies are still required. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023410587.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuman Zhao
- Guang'Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Geng
- Department of Emergency, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaheng Shi
- Department of Emergency, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Department of Emergency, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yebeilei Yang
- Guang'Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zimin Yan
- Department of Emergency, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Qi
- Department of Emergency, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daxing Yu
- Department of Emergency, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Pourova J, Dias P, Pour M, Bittner Fialová S, Czigle S, Nagy M, Tóth J, Balázs VL, Horváth A, Csikós E, Farkas Á, Horváth G, Mladěnka P. Proposed mechanisms of action of herbal drugs and their biologically active constituents in the treatment of coughs: an overview. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16096. [PMID: 37901462 PMCID: PMC10607228 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Various medicinal plants find their use in cough treatment, based on traditions and long-term experience. Pharmacological principles of their action, however, are much less known. Herbal drugs usually contain a mixture of potentially active compounds, which can manifest diverse effects. Expectorant or antitussive effects, which can be accompanied by others, such as anti-inflammatory or antibacterial, are probably the most important in the treatment of coughs. The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge of the effects of medicinal plants or their constituents on cough, based on reliable pharmacological studies. First, a comprehensive description of each effect is provided in order to explain the possible mechanism of action in detail. Next, the results related to individual plants and substances are summarized and critically discussed based on pharmacological in vivo and in vitro investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Pourova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Patricia Dias
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Pour
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Silvia Bittner Fialová
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Szilvia Czigle
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Milan Nagy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jaroslav Tóth
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Adrienn Horváth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Csikós
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Farkas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Horváth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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14
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Burenjargal M, Narangerel T, Batmunkh T, Dong A, Idesh S. A review of the bioactive properties of Mongolian plants, with a focus on their potential as natural food preservatives. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:5736-5752. [PMID: 37823130 PMCID: PMC10563759 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumers have recently preferred food that is easy to make and of excellent quality, as well as food that is safe, natural, and minimally processed, but has a longer shelf life. Food deteriorates over time as a result of microbiological, chemical, or physical changes. Phytochemicals derived from medicinal and food plants have long been recognized for their biological activity to protect plants. These bioactivities are designed to increase the shelf life of food while inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. The use of natural plant food preservatives containing bioactive compounds as health-promoting agents is particularly intriguing. Furthermore, due to their effectiveness against food spoilage and foodborne pathogens, natural plant-origin antimicrobial compounds have been investigated as alternatives to synthetic antimicrobial compounds for preserving food quality. This review focused on the plant composition and properties that can be utilized as a natural food preservative, as well as the possibilities of using Mongolian medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuya Narangerel
- Department of ChemistryNational University of MongoliaUlaanbaatarMongolia
| | - Tuyagerel Batmunkh
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringNational University of MongoliaUlaanbaatarMongolia
| | - Alideertu Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of EducationInner Mongolia UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Saruul Idesh
- Department of ChemistryNational University of MongoliaUlaanbaatarMongolia
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15
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Silva E, Teixeira JA, Pereira MO, Rocha CMR, Sousa AM. Evolving biofilm inhibition and eradication in clinical settings through plant-based antibiofilm agents. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154973. [PMID: 37499434 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After almost 100 years since evidence of biofilm mode of growth and decades of intensive investigation about their formation, regulatory pathways and mechanisms of antimicrobial tolerance, nowadays there are still no therapeutic solutions to eradicate bacterial biofilms and their biomedical related issues. PURPOSE This review intends to provide a comprehensive summary of the recent and most relevant published studies on plant-based products, or their isolated compounds with antibiofilm activity mechanisms of action or identified molecular targets against bacterial biofilms. The objective is to offer a new perspective of most recent data for clinical researchers aiming to prevent or eliminate biofilm-associated infections caused by bacterial pathogens. METHODS The search was performed considering original research articles published on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus from 2015 to April 2023, using keywords such as "antibiofilm", "antivirulence", "phytochemicals" and "plant extracts". RESULTS Over 180 articles were considered for this review with a focus on the priority human pathogens listed by World Health Organization, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Inhibition and detachment or dismantling of biofilms formed by these pathogens were found using plant-based extract/products or derivative compounds. Although combination of plant-based products and antibiotics were recorded and discussed, this topic is currently poorly explored and only for a reduced number of bacterial species. CONCLUSIONS This review clearly demonstrates that plant-based products or derivative compounds may be a promising therapeutic strategy to eliminate bacterial biofilms and their associated infections. After thoroughly reviewing the vast amount of research carried out over years, it was concluded that plant-based products are mostly able to prevent biofilm formation through inhibition of quorum sensing signals, but also to disrupt mature biofilms developed by multidrug resistant bacteria targeting the biofilm extracellular polymeric substance. Flavonoids and phenolic compounds seemed the most effective against bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - José A Teixeira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Olivia Pereira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Cristina M R Rocha
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Sousa
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal.
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16
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Santos TDSA, Meccatti VM, Pereira TC, Marcucci MC, Hasna AA, Valera MC, de Oliveira LD, Carvalho CAT. Antibacterial Effect of Combinations of Salvia officinalis and Glycyrrhiza glabra Hydroalcoholic Extracts against Enterococcus spp. COATINGS 2023; 13:1579. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings13091579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus spp. are a common culprit behind the failure of endodontic treatments, primarily due to their notorious resistance to antimicrobial agents. Considering this challenge, this study was conducted to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of a unique blend of hydroalcoholic extracts sourced from Salvia officinalis and Glycyrrhiza glabra against biofilms formed by Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. The chemical composition of these plant extracts was rigorously characterized, with primary compound quantification achieved through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) analysis. Additionally, this study determined the minimal bactericidal concentrations of these extracts and evaluated their potential to combat biofilms by quantifying colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL). The findings reveal that the simultaneous application of both extracts yielded additive and synergistic effects against E. faecalis and E. faecium, including both ATCC and clinical strains. Impressively, after a 24 h exposure, these extract combinations demonstrated efficacy comparable to that of a 0.12% chlorhexidine solution, establishing a statistically significant difference from the negative control group. Consequently, the concurrent use of these extracts emerges as a promising alternative antimicrobial strategy for addressing Enterococcus spp. in endodontic treatments, holding substantial potential for clinical applications in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís da Silva Alves Santos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Marques Meccatti
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís Cristine Pereira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Marcucci
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Amjad Abu Hasna
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia Carneiro Valera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Antonio Talge Carvalho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (ICT-UNESP), São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil
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17
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Aly SH, Elissawy AM, Mahmoud AMA, El-Tokhy FS, Mageed SSA, Almahli H, Al-Rashood ST, Binjubair FA, Hassab MAE, Eldehna WM, Singab AENB. Synergistic Effect of Sophora japonica and Glycyrrhiza glabra Flavonoid-Rich Fractions on Wound Healing: In Vivo and Molecular Docking Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072994. [PMID: 37049756 PMCID: PMC10096052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra and Sophora japonica (Fabaceae) are well-known medicinal plants with valuable secondary metabolites and pharmacological properties. The flavonoid-rich fractions of G. glabra roots and S. japonica leaves were prepared using Diaion column chromatography, and the confirmation of flavonoid richness was confirmed using UPLC-ESI-MS profiling and total phenolics and flavonoids assays. UPLC-ESI-MS profiling of the flavonoid-rich fraction of G. glabra roots and S. japonica leaves resulted in the tentative identification of 32 and 23 compounds, respectively. Additionally, the wound healing potential of topical preparations of each fraction, individually and in combination (1:1) ointment and gel preparations, were investigated in vivo, supported by histopathological examinations and biomarker evaluations, as well as molecular docking studies for the major constituents. The topical application of G. glabra ointment and gel, S. japonica ointment and gel and combination preparations significantly increase the wound healing rate and the reduction of oxidative stress in the wound area via MDA reduction and the elevation of reduced GSH and SOD levels as compared to the wound and Nolaver®-treated groups. The molecular docking study revealed that that major compounds in G. glabra and S. japonica can efficiently bind to the active sites of three proteins related to wound healing: glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (GSK3-β), matrix metalloproteinases-8 (MMP-8) and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Consequently, G. glabra roots and S. japonica leaves may be a rich source of bioactive metabolites with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties.
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18
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Zhan L, Tian X, Lin J, Zhang Y, Zheng H, Peng X, Zhao G. Honokiol reduces fungal burden and ameliorate inflammation lesions of Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis via Dectin-2 down-regulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:109849. [PMID: 36933490 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To screen and identify the mechanism of honokiol on anti-fungi and anti-inflammation in fungal keratitis (FK) through bioinformatic analysis and biological experiments. METHODS Transcriptome profile demonstrated differential expression genes (DEGs) of Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis between PBS-treated and honokiol-treated groups via bioinformatics analyses. Inflammatory substances were quantified by qRT-PCR, Western blot and ELISA, and macrophage polarization was examined by flow cytometry. Periodic acid Schiff staining and morphological interference assay were used to detect hyphal distribution in vivo and fungal germination in vitro, respectively. Electron microscopy was to illustrate hyphal microstructure. RESULTS Illumina sequencing demonstrated that compared with the honokiol group, 1175 up-regulated and 383 down-regulated genes were induced in C57BL/6 mice Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis with PBS treatment. Through GO analysis, some differential expression proteins (DEPs) played major roles in biological processes, especially fungal defense and immune activation. KEGG analysis provided fungus-related signaling pathways. PPI analysis demonstrated that DEPs from multiple pathways form a close-knit network, providing a broader context for FK treatment. In biological experiments, Dectin-2, NLRP3 and IL-1β were upregulated by Aspergillus fumigatus to evaluate immune response. Honokiol could reverse the trend, comparable to Dectin-2 siRNA interference. Meanwhile, honokiol could also play an anti-inflammatory role via promoting M2 phenotype polarization. Moreover, honokiol reduced hyphal distribution in the stroma, delayed germination, and destroyed the hyphal cell membrane in-vitro. CONCLUSIONS Honokiol possesses anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory effects in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis and may develop a potential and safe therapeutic modality for FK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingxue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine 540 E. Canfield Avenue Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Hengrui Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xudong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle WA98104, USA.
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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19
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Zeng C, Avula SR, Meng J, Zhou C. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Piperazine Hybridized Coumarin Indolylcyanoenones with Antibacterial Potential. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062511. [PMID: 36985486 PMCID: PMC10056909 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A class of piperazine hybridized coumarin indolylcyanoenones was exploited as new structural antibacterial frameworks to combat intractable bacterial resistance. Bioactive assessment discovered that 4-chlorobenzyl derivative 11f showed a prominent inhibition on Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 with a low MIC of 1 μg/mL, which was four-fold more effective than norfloxacin. Importantly, the highly active 11f with inconspicuous hemolysis towards human red blood cells displayed quite low proneness to trigger bacterial resistance. Preliminary explorations on its antibacterial behavior disclosed that 11f possessed the ability to destroy bacterial cell membrane, leading to increased permeability of inner and outer membranes, the depolarization and fracture of membrane, and the effusion of intracellular components. Furthermore, bacterial oxidative stress and metabolic turbulence aroused by 11f also accelerated bacterial apoptosis. In particular, 11f could not only effectively inset into DNA, but also bind with DNA gyrase through forming supramolecular complex, thereby affecting the biological function of DNA. The above findings of new piperazine hybridized coumarin indolylcyanoenones provided an inspired possibility for the treatment of resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Zeng
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Srinivasa Rao Avula
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiangping Meng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chenghe Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (C.Z.)
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20
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Kumar G, Kiran Tudu A. Tackling multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by natural products and their analogues acting as NorA efflux pump inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 80:117187. [PMID: 36731248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a pathogen responsible for various community and hospital-acquired infections with life-threatening complications like bacteraemia, endocarditis, meningitis, liver abscess, and spinal cord epidural abscess. Antibiotics have been used to treat microbial infections since the introduction of penicillin in 1940. In recent decades, the abuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans, animals, plants, and fungi, including the treatment of non-microbial diseases, have led to the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens with increased virulence. Bacteria have developed several complementary mechanisms to avoid the effects of antibiotics. These mechanisms include chemical transformations and enzymatic inactivation of antibiotics, modification of antibiotics' target site, and reduction of intracellular antibiotics concentration by changes in membrane permeability or by the overexpression of efflux pumps (EPs). The strategy to check antibiotic resistance includes synthesis of the antibiotic analogues, or antibiotics are given in combination with the adjuvant. The inhibitors of multidrug EPs are considered promising alternative therapeutic options with the potential to revive the effects of antibiotics and reduce bacterial virulence. Natural products played a vital role in drug discovery and significantly contributed to the area of infectious diseases. Also, natural products provide lead compounds that sometimes need modification based on structural and biological properties to meet the drug criteria. This review discusses natural products and their derived compounds as NorA efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana 500037, India.
| | - Asha Kiran Tudu
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana 500037, India
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21
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Zhan L, Tian X, Lin J, Peng X, Zhao G. Glabridin Inhibits Aspergillus fumigatus Growth and Alleviate Inflammation Mediated by Dectin-2 and NLRP3 Inflammasome. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:348-356. [PMID: 36785524 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2164779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The research was used to uncover the mechanism of glabridin in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis in anti-fungus and anti-inflammation. METHODS In vitro, RAW 264.7 cells were infected with A. fumigatus with incubation of glabridin in different concentrations. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR), Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to assess the inflammatory severe and alternation with the intervention of Dectin-2 siRNA and glabridin. In vivo, A. fumigatus keratitis mouse models were established by spore intra-stromal injection and treated with glabridin or PBS. And disease scores, inflammatory mediators, and periodic acid-schiff (PAS) staining were exhibited to demonstrate the therapeutic efficiency of glabridin in vivo. Morphological interference assay monitored fungal germination. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the growth of fungi. RESULTS In RAW 264.7 cells and mouse keratitis models, noncytotoxic 16 μg/mL glabridin showed significant inhibition in the expression of Dectin-2, NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and TNF-α after A. fumigatus infection, almost similar to the intervention of Dectin-2 siRNA. PAS staining illustrated the reduced hyphal distribution in cornea stroma with glabridin treatment. Glabridin remarkably inhibited A. fumigatus growth through delaying germination and disrupting the integrity of the hyphae membrane. CONCLUSION Glabridin plays an anti-inflammatory role in A. fumigatus challenge via suppression of the Dectin-2 and NLRP3 inflammasome, and plays an anti-fungal role through delaying germination and changing the hyphal integrity.KEY MESSAGESGlabridin plays an anti-inflammatory role in A. fumigatus infection of RAW264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner and through Dectin-2 mediation.Glabridin decreases fungal distribution and inflammation in mouse A. fumigatus keratitis.Glabridin inhibits A. fumigatus growth by delaying germination and disrupting cellular structure in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xudong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Zhang J, Wu X, Zhong B, Liao Q, Wang X, Xie Y, He X. Review on the Diverse Biological Effects of Glabridin. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:15-37. [PMID: 36647530 PMCID: PMC9840373 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s385981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glabridin is a prenylated isoflavan from the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra Linne and has posed great impact on the areas of drug development and medicine, due to various biological properties such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, anti-microorganism, bone protection, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetes. Many signaling pathways, including NF-κB, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, ERα/SRC-1, PI3K/AKT, and AMPK, have been implicated in the regulatory activities of glabridin. Interestingly, glabridin has been considered as an inhibitor of tyrosinase, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and CYP2E1 and an activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), although their molecular regulating mechanisms still need further investigation. However, poor water solubility and low bioavailability have greatly limited the clinical applications of glabridin. Hopefully, several effective strategies, such as nanoemulsions, microneedles, and smartPearls formulation, have been developed for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China,Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinhui Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baiyin Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qicheng Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuankang Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Xiao He, Email
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23
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Khan SF, Shetty B, Fazal I, Khan AM, Mir FM, Moothedath M, Reshma VJ, Muhamood M. Licorice as a herbal extract in periodontal therapy. Drug Target Insights 2023; 17:70-77. [PMID: 37288311 PMCID: PMC10243202 DOI: 10.33393/dti.2023.2583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is caused by specific pathogens which results in inflammation of the tooth-supporting structures and subsequently causes the continued breakdown of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a perennial herb with substantial medicinal value. Licorice extract is derived from dried, unpeeled stolons and roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and G. glabra. The bioactive ingredients in licorice extract such as glycyrrhizin, licoricidin, glabridin, licochalcone A, and licorisoflavan A have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-adherence effects that are beneficial against periodontal disease. Since periodontal disease has a complex etiology that includes the host response and microorganisms, licorice phytochemicals offer a therapeutic advantage due to their dual functionality. The aim of this review was to enumerate the bioactive compounds present in herbal licorice extract and to elucidate the beneficial effects of licorice and its derivatives in periodontal therapy. Literature review and clinical trials evaluating the effect of licorice on periodontopathogens and periodontal disease are included in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiya Fatima Khan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore - India
| | - Bhavya Shetty
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore - India
| | - Ibrahim Fazal
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore - India
| | - Asim Mustafa Khan
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam - Saudi Arabia
| | - Faheem Muzaffar Mir
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam - Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhamood Moothedath
- Department of Oral and Dental Health, College of Applied Health Sciences in Arrass, Qassim University, Buraidah - Saudi Arabia
| | - V J Reshma
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam - Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhaseena Muhamood
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam - Saudi Arabia
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24
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Khan SF, Shetty B, Fazal I, Khan AM, Mir FM, Moothedath M, Reshma VJ, Muhamood M. Licorice as a herbal extract in periodontal therapy. Drug Target Insights 2023; 17:70-77. [PMID: 37288311 PMCID: PMC10243202 DOI: 10.33393/dti.2022.2583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is caused by specific pathogens which results in inflammation of the tooth-supporting structures and subsequently causes the continued breakdown of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a perennial herb with substantial medicinal value. Licorice extract is derived from dried, unpeeled stolons and roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and G. glabra. The bioactive ingredients in licorice extract such as glycyrrhizin, licoricidin, glabridin, licochalcone A, and licorisoflavan A have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-adherence effects that are beneficial against periodontal disease. Since periodontal disease has a complex etiology that includes the host response and microorganisms, licorice phytochemicals offer a therapeutic advantage due to their dual functionality. The aim of this review was to enumerate the bioactive compounds present in herbal licorice extract and to elucidate the beneficial effects of licorice and its derivatives in periodontal therapy. Literature review and clinical trials evaluating the effect of licorice on periodontopathogens and periodontal disease are included in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiya Fatima Khan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore - India
| | - Bhavya Shetty
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore - India
| | - Ibrahim Fazal
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore - India
| | - Asim Mustafa Khan
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam - Saudi Arabia
| | - Faheem Muzaffar Mir
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam - Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhamood Moothedath
- Department of Oral and Dental Health, College of Applied Health Sciences in Arrass, Qassim University, Buraidah - Saudi Arabia
| | - V J Reshma
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam - Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhaseena Muhamood
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam - Saudi Arabia
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25
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Zhang PL, Laiche MH, Li YL, Gao WW, Lin JM, Zhou CH. An unanticipated discovery of novel naphthalimidopropanediols as potential broad-spectrum antibacterial members. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114657. [PMID: 35964427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Constructing a new antibacterial structural framework is an effective strategy to combat drug resistance. This work discovered a class of naphthalimidopropanediols (NIOLs) as a novel structural type of potential broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. Especially, NIOLs 9u, 12i, 15 against Staphylococcus aureus and NIOLs 9l, 13a against Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed excellent inhibitory activities, and they displayed high membrane selectivity from an electrostatic distinction on the membranes between bacteria and mammalian cells. These highly active NIOLs could effectually inhibit the bacterial growths, and relieve the resistance developments. Moreover, the facts of membrane depolarization, outer/inner membrane permeabilization and leakage of intracellular materials, demonstrated that these NIOLs could target and destroy the S. aureus or P. aeruginosa membranes. In particular, they could disrupt the antioxidant defense systems of S. aureus or P. aeruginosa through up-regulation of reactive oxygen species. Simultaneously, they could render the metabolic inactivation of the tested strains, and eradicate the formed biofilms and efficiently kill the strains within the biofilms. The in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity assay indicated that these compounds possessed low toxicity. These findings of novel NIOLs as potential broad-spectrum antibacterial members provided a bright hope for conquering drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Li Zhang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mouna Hind Laiche
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yan-Liang Li
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wei-Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Jian-Mei Lin
- Department of Infections, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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26
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Zhang Q, Qian D, Tang DD, Liu J, Wang LY, Chen W, Wu CJ, Peng W. Glabridin from Glycyrrhiza glabra Possesses a Therapeutic Role against Keloid via Attenuating PI3K/Akt and Transforming Growth Factor-β1/SMAD Signaling Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10782-10793. [PMID: 36005946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glabridin (Gla) is a typical flavonoid isolated from the Glycyrrhiza glabra with various bioactivities and is a common additive in many cosmetics. In our study, we evaluated the antiscarring effect of Gla from G. glabra in a rabbit ear hyperplastic scar model. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining were applied to determine the pathological changes and collagen fibers of scar tissue in rabbits. The results suggested that Gla could reduce rabbit ear scar hyperplasia, inhibit inflammation, and decrease collagen production. Furthermore, the in vitro cell experiments were applied to determine the effects of Gla on human keloid fibroblasts (HKFs), and we observed that Gla suppressed the HKF cells' proliferation via inducing apoptosis. Subsequently, we found that Gla reduced collagen production in HKF cells. The further molecular mechanisms investigations suggested that Gla played a therapeutic role against keloid by attenuating PI3K/Akt and TGFβ1/SMAD pathways. Our study would be beneficial for extending the applications of the known sweet plant of G. glabra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Die Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610091, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
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27
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Cui X, Cui M. Glabridin induces paraptosis-like cell death via ER stress in breast cancer cells. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10607. [PMID: 36158101 PMCID: PMC9489725 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glabridin, a polyphenolic flavonoid isolated from the root of the glycyrrhiza glabra, has been demonstrated to have anti-tumor properties in human malignancies. This study found that glabridin decreased the viability of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells in a dose-dependent manner that was not involved in the caspase-3 cascade. Glabridin promoted the formation of extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation by increasing the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers BiP, XBP1s, and CHOP. The transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence with the ER chaperon KDEL suggested that the vacuoles were derived from ER. Glabridin-induced vacuolation was blocked when protein synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide, demonstrating that protein synthesis is crucial for this process. Furthermore, we determined that glabridin causes loss of mitochondrial membrane potential as well as the production of reactive oxygen species, both of which lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. These features are consistent with a kind of programmed cell death described as paraptosis. This work reports for the first time that glabridin could induce paraptosis-like cell death, which may give new therapeutic approaches for apoptosis-resistant breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cui
- Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, China.,Postdoctoral Research Station, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, China
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China
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Lin H, Hu J, Mei F, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Chen Q, Wang C, Fu J, Yang M, Wen Z, Wang X, Qi J, Han H, Yang R, Yang Y. Anti-microbial efficacy, mechanisms and druggability evaluation of the natural flavonoids. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1975-1988. [PMID: 35801665 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was conducted to evaluate thirty-five natural flavonoids for their in vitro susceptibility against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 530) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) in search for the potential broad-spectrum antibiotic. METHODS AND RESULTS Glabridin, a natural isoflavonoids isolated from Glycyrrhiza glabra L., was identified to be highly active with MIC of 8-16 μg mL-1 against S. aureus, B. subtilis and E. coli. By the results of docking simulation, we located the potential targets of glabridin as DNA gyrase and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). The subsequent DNA gyrase inhibition assays (glabridin: IC50 = 0.8516 μmol L-1 , ciprofloxacin: IC50 = 0.04697 μmol L-1 ), DHFR inhibition assays (glabridin: inhibition ratio=29%, methotrexate: inhibition ratio=45% under 100 μmol L-1 treatment) and TUNEL confirmed that glabridin acted as DNA gyrase inhibitor and DHFR mild inhibitor, exerting bactericidal activity by blocking bacterial nucleic acid synthesis. CCK-8 and in silico calculations were also conducted to verify the low cytotoxicity and acceptable druggability of glabridin. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that glabridin represents the prototypical member of an exciting structural class of natural antimicrobial agents. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study reports a novel mechanism of bactericidal activity of glabridin against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jiabao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yahan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yudi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minkai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongling Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinliang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongwu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Ali IAA, Neelakantan P. Antibiofilm activity of phytochemicals against Enterococcus faecalis: A literature review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2824-2838. [PMID: 35522168 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a leading causative pathogen of recalcitrant infections affecting heart valves, urinary tract, surgical wounds and dental root canals. Its robust biofilm formation, production of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance contribute significantly to its pathogenicity in persistent infections. The decreased effectiveness of most of antibiotics in preventing and/or eradicating E. faecalis biofilms mandates the discovery of alternative novel antibiofilm agents. Phytochemicals are potential sources of antibiofilm agents due to their antivirulence activity, diversity of chemical structure and multiple mechanisms of action. In this review, we describe the phenotypic and genetic attributes that contribute to antimicrobial tolerance of E. faecalis biofilms. We illuminate the benefits of implementing the phytochemicals to tackle microbial pathogens. Finally, we report the antibiofilm activity of phytochemicals against E. faecalis, and explain their mechanisms of action. These compounds belong to different chemical classes such as terpenes, phenylpropenes, flavonoids, curcuminoids and alkaloids. They demonstrate the ability to inhibit the formation of and/or eradicate E. faecalis biofilms. However, the exact mechanisms of action of most of these compounds are not fully understood. Therefore, the future studies should elucidate the underlying mechanisms in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam A A Ali
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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30
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Wang W, Yang Y, Tang K. Quaternary solvent system for highly efficient separation and purification of glabridin by fractional extraction. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Novel metronidazole-derived three-component hybrids as promising broad-spectrum agents to combat oppressive bacterial resistance. Bioorg Chem 2022; 122:105718. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Prenylated (iso)flavonoids as antifungal agents against the food spoiler Zygosaccharomyces parabailii. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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33
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Tsukatani T, Kuroda R, Kawaguchi T. Screening biofilm eradication activity of ethanol extracts from foodstuffs: potent biofilm eradication activity of glabridin, a major flavonoid from licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), alone and in combination with ɛ-poly-L-lysine. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:24. [PMID: 34989883 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The ethanol extracts of 155 different foodstuffs containing medicinal plants were investigated for their biofilm eradication activities against pathogenic bacteria. A combined method of a colorimetric microbial viability assay based on reduction of a tetrazolium salt (WST-8) and a biofilm formation technique on the 96-pins of a microtiter plate lid was used to screen the biofilm eradication activities of foodstuffs. The ethanol extracts of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) showed potent biofilm eradication activities against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Among the antimicrobial constituents in licorice, glabridin had the most potent eradication activities against microbial biofilms. The minimum biofilm eradication concentration of glabridin was 25-50 μg/ml. Furthermore, the combination of glabridin with ɛ-poly-L-lysine, a food additive, could result in broad biofilm eradication activities towards a wide variety of bacteria associated with infection, including Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadayuki Tsukatani
- Fukuoka Industrial Technology Center, Biotechnology and Food Research Institute, 1465-5 Aikawamachi, Kurume, 839-0861, Japan.
| | - Rieko Kuroda
- Fukuoka Industrial Technology Center, Biotechnology and Food Research Institute, 1465-5 Aikawamachi, Kurume, 839-0861, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kawaguchi
- Fukuoka Industrial Technology Center, Biotechnology and Food Research Institute, 1465-5 Aikawamachi, Kurume, 839-0861, Japan
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34
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Zhang PL, Gopala L, Zhang SL, Cai GX, Zhou CH. An unanticipated discovery towards novel naphthalimide corbelled aminothiazoximes as potential anti-MRSA agents and allosteric modulators for PBP2a. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 229:114050. [PMID: 34922190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Available therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to conquer multidrug resistance of MRSA. A visible effort was guided towards the advancement of novel antibacterial framework of naphthalimide corbelled aminothiazoximes, and desired to assert some insight on the conjunction of individual pharmacophore with distinct biological activities and unique action mechanism. Preliminary assessment displayed that dimethylenediamine derivative 13d presented a wonderful inhibition on MRSA (MIC = 0.5 μg/mL), and showed excellent membrane selectivity (HC50 > 200 μg/mL) from an electrostatic distinction of the electronegative bacterial membranes and the electroneutral mammalian membranes. Moreover, 13d could effectually relieve the development of MRSA resistance. Investigations into explaining the mechanism of anti-MRSA disclosed that 13d displayed strong lipase affinity, which facilitated its permeation into cell membrane, causing membrane depolarization, leakage of cytoplasmic contents and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibition. Meanwhile, 13d could exert interaction with DNA to hinder biological function of DNA, and disrupt the antioxidant defense system of MRSA through up-regulation of ROS subjected the strain to oxidative stress. In particular, the unanticipated mechanism for naphthalimide corbelled aminothiazoximes that 13d could suppress the expression of PBP2a by inducing allosteric modulation of PBP2a and triggering the open of the active site, was discovered for the first time. These findings of naphthalimide corbelled aminothiazoximes as a small-molecule class of anti-MRSA agents held promise in strategies for treatment of MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Li Zhang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lavanya Gopala
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shao-Lin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Gui-Xin Cai
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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35
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Assar DH, Elhabashi N, Mokhbatly AAA, Ragab AE, Elbialy ZI, Rizk SA, Albalawi AE, Althobaiti NA, Al Jaouni S, Atiba A. Wound healing potential of licorice extract in rat model: Antioxidants, histopathological, immunohistochemical and gene expression evidences. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112151. [PMID: 34507115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a public health concern. Licorice gained a great attention for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which expand its valuable effects as a herbal medicine. In this study, we pointed out to the wound healing potential and the mechanism by which licorice alcoholic extract can modulate cutaneous wound healing through immune, antioxidant, histopathological, immunohistochemical (IHC) and molecular studies. 24 Wister rats were assigned into 3 groups (n = 8 each); control group, topical and oral supplied groups. Licorice extract administration significantly increased total and differential leucocyte counts, phagocytic activity of neutrophils, antioxidant biomarkers as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase activities (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content with a notable reduction in oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, histopathological findings detected complete re-epithelialization with increasing collagen synthesis while IHC results revealed a significant enhancement in the expression of α-SMA, PDGFR-α, FGFR1 and Cytokeratin 14 in licorice treated groups compared with the control group. Licorice extract supplementation accelerated wound healing by increasing angiogenesis and collagen deposition through up-regulation of bFGF, VEGF and TGF-β gene expression levels compared with the control group. UPLC-PDA-MS/MS aided to authenticate the studied Glycyrrihza species and recognized 101 potential constituents that may be responsible for licorice-exhibited potentials. Based on our observations we concluded that licorice enhanced cutaneous wound healing via its free radical-scavenging potential, potent antioxidant activities, and anti-inflammatory actions. Therefore, licorice could be used as a potential alternative therapy for wound injury which could overcome the associated limitations of modern therapeutic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa H Assar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Nagwan Elhabashi
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Abd-Allah A Mokhbatly
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Amany E Ragab
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Zizy I Elbialy
- Fish processing and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Sally A Rizk
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Aishah E Albalawi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47913, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Norah A Althobaiti
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities-Al Quwaiiyah, Shaqra University, Al Quwaiiyah 19247, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Soad Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ayman Atiba
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
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36
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Gupta M, Kumar S, Kumar R, Kumar A, Verma R, Darokar MP, Rout P, Pal A. Inhibition of heme detoxification pathway in malaria parasite by 3-hydroxy-11-keto-β-boswellic acid isolated from Boswellia serrata. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112302. [PMID: 34678731 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria eradication is still a major global health problem in developing countries, which has been of more concern ever since the malaria parasite has developed resistance against frontline antimalarial drugs. Historical evidence proves that the plants possess a major resource for the development of novel anti-malarial drugs. In the present study, the bioactivity guided fractionation of the oleogum-resin of Boswellia serrata Roxb. yielded the optimum activity in the ethyl acetate fraction with an IC50 of 22 ± 3.9 μg/mL and 26.5 ± 4.5 μg/mL against chloroquine sensitive (NF54) and resistant (K1) strains of Plasmodium falciparum respectively. Further, upon fractionation, the ethyl acetate fraction yielded four major compounds, of which 3-Hydroxy-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (KBA) was found to be the most potent with IC50 values 4.5 ± 0.60 µg/mL and 6.25 ± 1.02 μg/mL against sensitive and resistant strains respectively. KBA was found to inhibit heme detoxification pathways, one of the most common therapeutic targets, which probably lead to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) detrimental to P. falciparum. Further, the induced intracellular oxidative stress affected the macromolecules in terms of DNA damage, increased lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation as well as loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. However, it did not exhibit any cytotoxic effect in VERO cells. Under in vivo conditions, KBA exhibited a significant reduction in parasitemia, retarding the development of anaemia, resulting in an enhancement of the mean survival time in Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis (chloroquine-resistant) infected mice. Further, KBA did not exhibit any abnormality in serum biochemistry of animals that underwent acute oral toxicity studies at 2000 mg/kg body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Gupta
- Phytochemistry, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Riya Verma
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Mahendra Pandurang Darokar
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Prashant Rout
- Phytochemistry, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India.
| | - Anirban Pal
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India.
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37
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Singh V, Pal A, Darokar MP. Glabridin synergy with norfloxacin induces ROS in multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2021; 67:269-272. [PMID: 34690227 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Glabridin (Glb), a polyphenolic flavonoid inhibits the growth of MDRSA (Multidrug resistant S. aureus) 4627 by inducing ROS. Glb in combination with Norfloxacin (Nor) synergistically induced oxidative stress. Increased ROS/RNS levels, in particular, affected macromolecules' (DNA, lipid, protein) integrity and distorted cell morphology. We found correlation between drug-effects and up-/down-regulation of oxidative stress-related as well as MDR genes. These findings could considerably potentiate the dosing routine of Nor in combination with Glb, which holds a promising prospective as a antibacterial agent against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigyasa Singh
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona
| | - Anirban Pal
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
| | - Mahendra P Darokar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
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38
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Identification of a novel antifungal backbone of naphthalimide thiazoles with synergistic potential for chemical and dynamic treatment. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:2047-2067. [PMID: 34672778 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The high incidence and prevalence of fungal infections call for new antifungal drugs. This work was to develop naphthalimide thiazoles as potential antifungal agents. Results & methodology: These compounds showed significant antifungal potency toward some tested fungi. Especially, naphthalimide thiazole 4h with excellent anti-Candida tropicalis efficacy possessed good hemolysis level, low toxicity and no obvious resistance. Deciphering the mechanism showed that 4h interacted with DNA and disrupted the antioxidant defense system of C. tropicalis. Compound 4h also triggered membrane depolarization, leakage of cytoplasmic contents and LDH inhibition. Simultaneously, 4h rendered metabolic inactivation and eradicated the formed biofilms of C. tropicalis. Conclusion: The multifaceted synergistic effect initiated by naphthalimide thiazoles is a reasonable treatment window for prospective development.
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39
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Pharmacological properties of glabridin (a flavonoid extracted from licorice): A comprehensive review. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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40
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Husain I, Bala K, Khan IA, Khan SI. A review on phytochemicals, pharmacological activities, drug interactions, and associated toxicities of licorice (
Glycyrrhiza
sp.). FOOD FRONTIERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Islam Husain
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - Kiran Bala
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Biological Science Rani Durgavati University Jabalpur India
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
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41
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Kumar S, Mina PR, Kumar R, Pal A, Ahmad A, Tandon S, Darokar MP. 4-Chlorothymol Exerts Antiplasmodial Activity Impeding Redox Defense System in Plasmodium falciparum. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:628970. [PMID: 33776772 PMCID: PMC7988344 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.628970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains one of the major health concerns due to the resistance of Plasmodium species toward the existing drugs warranting an urgent need for new antimalarials. Thymol derivatives were known to exhibit enhanced antimicrobial activities; however, no reports were found against Plasmodium spp. In the present study, the antiplasmodial activity of thymol derivatives was evaluated against chloroquine-sensitive (NF-54) and -resistant (K1) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Among the thymol derivatives tested, 4-chlorothymol showed potential activity against sensitive and resistant strains of P. falciparum. 4-Chlorothymol was found to increase the reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species level. Furthermore, 4-chlorothymol could perturb the redox balance by modulating the enzyme activity of GST and GR. 4-Chlorothymol also showed synergy with chloroquine against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum. 4-Chlorothymol was found to significantly suppress the parasitemia and increase the mean survival time in in vivo assays. Interestingly, in in vivo assay, 4-chlorothymol in combination with chloroquine showed higher chemosuppression as well as enhanced mean survival time at a much lower concentration as compared to individual doses of chloroquine and 4-chlorothymol. These observations clearly indicate the potential use of 4-chlorothymol as an antimalarial agent, which may also be effective in combination with the existing antiplasmodial drugs against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum infection. In vitro cytotoxicity/hemolytic assay evidently suggests that 4-chlorothymol is safe for further exploration of its therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Pooja Rani Mina
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Anirban Pal
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Ateeque Ahmad
- Process Chemistry and Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Sudeep Tandon
- Process Chemistry and Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Mahendra P Darokar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
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42
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Bhatt S, Kumar V, Dogra A, Ojha PK, Wazir P, Sangwan PL, Singh G, Nandi U. Amalgamation of in-silico, in-vitro and in-vivo approach to establish glabridin as a potential CYP2E1 inhibitor. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:625-635. [PMID: 33539218 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1883769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CYP2E1 is directly or indirectly involved in the metabolism of ethanol and endogenous fatty acids but it plays a major role in the bio-activation of toxic substances that produce reactive metabolites leading to hepatotoxicity. Therefore, identification of CYP2E1 inhibitor from bioflavonoids class having useful pharmacological properties has dual benefit regarding avoidance of severe food-drug/nutraceutical-drug interaction and scope to develop a phytotherapeutics through an intended pharmacokinetic interaction.In the present study, we aimed to identify CYP2E1 inhibitor from experimental bioflavonoids which are unexplored for CYP2E1 inhibition till date using in-silico, in-vitro and in-vivo approaches.Results of in-vitro CYP2E1 inhibitory studies using CYP2E1-mediated chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation in human liver microsomes showed that glabridin have the highest potential than fisetin, epicatechin, nobiletin, and chrysin to inhibit CYP2E1 enzyme. Mechanistic investigations indicate that glabridin is a competitive CYP2E1 inhibitor. Molecular docking study results demonstrate that glabridin strongly interacted with the active site of human CYP2E1 enzyme. Pharmacokinetics of a CYP2E1 substrate in mice model indicates a significant alteration of chlorzoxazone and 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone plasma levels in the presence of glabridin. Further studies are needed to confirm the results at clinical level.Overall, glabridin is found to be a potential CYP2E1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Bhatt
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Drug Theoretics and Chemoinformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Ashish Dogra
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Probir Kumar Ojha
- Drug Theoretics and Chemoinformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Priya Wazir
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Payare Lal Sangwan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Bio-Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Gurdarshan Singh
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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43
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Direito R, Rocha J, Sepodes B, Eduardo-Figueira M. Phenolic Compounds Impact on Rheumatoid Arthritis, Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Microbiota Modulation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020145. [PMID: 33499333 PMCID: PMC7912052 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) are nowadays the principal cause of death, especially in most industrialized nations. These illnesses have increased exponentially with the consumption of diets very high in fat and sugar, not to mention stress and physical inactivity among other factors. The potential impact of suboptimal diets on NCDs’ morbidity and mortality rates brings to the forefront the necessity for a new way of improving dietary habits. The literature provides extensive scientific work that presents evidence that phenolic compounds from diets have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities that impact human health. Gut microbiota modulation by some phenolic compounds leads to favorable changes in abundance, diversity, and in the immune system. However, polyphenol’s limited bioavailability needs to be overcome, highlighting their application in new delivery systems and providing their health benefits in well-established ways such as health maintenance, treatment or adjuvant to conventional pharmacological treatments. In this context, novel dietary approaches, including new food supplements, have emerged to prevent diseases and preserve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Direito
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-96-3654-899
| | - João Rocha
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health Technologies, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sepodes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health Technologies, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Eduardo-Figueira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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44
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Li QQ, Luo J, Liu XQ, Kwon DY, Kang OH. Eleutheroside K isolated from Acanthopanax henryi (Oliv.) Harms suppresses methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:669-676. [PMID: 32955753 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Acanthopanax (A.) henryi (Oliv.) Harms contain many bioactive compounds commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. The objective of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of the single constituent, Eleutheroside K (ETSK) isolated from the leaves of A. henryi (Oliv.) Harms, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (S.) aureus (MRSA). Broth microdilution assay was used to measure the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the MIC values of ETSK against eight clinical S. aureus strains were all 50 µg ml-1 . At sub-inhibitory concentrations, a synergistic effect between oxacillin (OXA) and ETSK was confirmed using checkerboard dilution assay and time-kill curve analysis. The bacteriostatic effect became more pronounced when ETSK was used in combination with detergent (Triton X-100) or ATPase inhibitor (N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide). According to western blot analysis, the down-regulated expression of Penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) further validated that the bacterial activity was inhibited when treated with ETSK in a dose-dependent manner. Results based on our study verified that ETSK significantly suppressed MRSA infections and emphasized the potential application of ETSK as a novel anti-MRSA natural drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q-Q Li
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - J Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - X-Q Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - D-Y Kwon
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - O-H Kang
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Jeonbuk, Korea
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45
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Gangwar B, Kumar S, Darokar MP. Glabridin Averts Biofilms Formation in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Modulation of the Surfaceome. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1779. [PMID: 33071991 PMCID: PMC7534511 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic bacterium of the human body and a leading cause of nosocomial infections. Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections involving biofilm lead to higher mortality and morbidity in patients. Biofilm causes serious clinical issues, as it mitigates entry of antimicrobials to reach the etiological agents. It plays an important role in resilient chronic infections which place an unnecessary burden on antibiotics and the associated costs. To combat drug-resistant infection involving biofilm, there is a need to discover potential anti-biofilm agents. In this study, activity of polyphenolic flavonoid glabridin against biofilm formation of methicillin resistant clinical isolates of S. aureus is being reported for the first time. Crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy evidences shows that glabridin prevents formation of cells clusters and attachment of methicillin resistant clinical isolate (MRSA 4423) of S. aureus to the surface in a dose dependent manner. Gel free proteomic analysis of biofilm matrix by LC-ESI-QTOF confirmed the existence of several proteins known to be involved in cells adhesion. Furthermore, expression analysis of cell surface proteins revealed that glabridin significantly down regulates an abundance of several surface-associated adhesins including fibronectin binding proteins (FnbA, FnbB), serine-aspartate repeat-containing protein D (SdrD), immunoglobulin-binding protein G (Sbi), and other virulence factors which were induced by extracellular glucose in MRSA 4423. In addition, several moonlighting proteins (proteins with multiple functions) such as translation elongation factors (EF-Tu, EF-G), chaperone protein (DnaK), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and pyruvate kinase (PK) were detected on the cell surface wherein their abundance was inversely proportional to surface-associated adhesins. This study clearly suggests that glabridin prevents biofilm formation in S. aureus through modulation of the cell surface proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Gangwar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Mahendra P Darokar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
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Martínez SR, Durantini AM, Becerra MC, Cosa G. Real-Time Single-Cell Imaging Reveals Accelerating Lipid Peroxyl Radical Formation in Escherichia coli Triggered by a Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2468-2477. [PMID: 32786297 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by bactericidal antibiotics has been associated with a common, nonspecific mechanism of cellular death. Herein, we report real-time single-cell fluorescence studies on Escherichia coli stained with a fluorogenic probe for lipid peroxyl radicals showing the generation of this form of ROS when exposed to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and 10× MIC of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin (3 and 30 μM, respectively). Single-cell intensity-time trajectories show an induction period followed by an accelerating phase for cells treated with antibiotic, where initial and maximum intensity achieved following 3.5 h of incubation with antibiotic showed dose-dependent average values. A large fraction of bacteria remains viable after the studies, indicating ROS formation is occurring a priori of cell death. Punctate structures are observed, consistent with membrane blebbing. The addition of a membrane embedding lipid peroxyl radical scavenger, an α-tocopherol analogue, to the media increased the MIC of ciprofloxacin. Lipid peroxyl radical formation precedes E. coli cell death and may be invoked in a cascade event including membrane disruption and consequent cell wall permeabilization. Altogether, our work illustrates that lipid peroxidation is caused by ciprofloxacin in E. coli and suppressed by α-tocopherol analogues. Lipid peroxidation may be invoked in a cascade event including membrane disruption and consequent cell wall permeabilization. Our work provides a methodology to assess antibiotic-induced membrane peroxidation at the single-cell level; this methodology provides opportunities to explore the scope and nature of lipid peroxidation in antibiotic-induced cell lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol R. Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
- IMBIV-CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre S/N, Córdoba X5000, Argentina
| | - Andrés M. Durantini
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - María C. Becerra
- IMBIV-CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre S/N, Córdoba X5000, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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Wang ZF, Liu J, Yang YA, Zhu HL. A Review: The Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer and Antibacterial Properties of Four Kinds of Licorice Flavonoids Isolated from Licorice. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1997-2011. [PMID: 30277142 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181001104550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Plants have always been an important source of medicines for humans, and licorice is a very significant herb in the development of humans. As a traditional herb, it is widely cultivated in China, Japan, Russia, Spain and India. With the development of organic chemistry and biochemistry, various chemical ingredients extracted from licorice have been studied and identified. Among them, many chemical components were considered to have strong pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, antibacterial, anticancer and so on. Based on those reports, licorice has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years, and they are devoted to discovering the active ingredients and mechanism of action of active compounds. Licorice flavonoids are one of the main extracts of licorice root and stem and have many potential biological properties. This paper aims to summarize the four kinds of licorice flavonoids, including liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, licochalcone (including licochalcone A and licochalcone B) and glabridin, about their biological activities of anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong-An Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Elionnature Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210038, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.,Elionnature Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210038, China
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48
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Mishra RC, Kumari R, Yadav S, Yadav JP. Target Based Virtual Screening of New Leads Inhibitor against Bacterial Cell Division Protein FtsZ for the Discovery of Antibacterial Agents. Med Chem 2020; 16:169-175. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190206233448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Staphylococus epidermidis coagulase negative and gram positive streptococci
have emerged as major nosocomial pathogens associated with the infection of implanted
medical devices and dandruff on human scalp. S. epidermidis filamenting temperature-sensitive
mutant Z (FtsZ) gene encoded FtsZ protein that assembles at future bacterial cell division site that
forms Z-ring structure. FtsZ is a tubulin homolog protein with low sequence similarity; this makes
it possible to inhibit bacterial FtsZ protein without affecting the eukaryote cell division.
Objective:
In the present study, phytochemicals of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Punica granatum
and Glycyrrhiza glabra were virtually screened for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus
epidermidis cell division protein, FtsZ.
Methods:
Molecular docking method was used to investigate new lead inhibitor against bacterial
cell division protein FtsZ. SwissADME and ProTox tool were used to evaluate the toxicity of the
lead molecule.
Results:
Molecular docking based screening confirmed that among 122 phytochemicals, β-
sitosterol and glabrol showed the highest inhibitory activity against FtsZ. SwissADME tool
showed β-sitosterol and glabrol as the ideal antibacterial agents.
Conclusion:
Structure based drug design strategy has been broadly used to optimize antimicrobial
activity of small molecule/ligand against large protein receptor of disease, causing pathogens
which gives a major breakthrough in pharmaceuticals industries. The molecular docking and SwissADME
tool showed that β-sitosterol and glabrol may be developed to be potential topical and
sublingual antibacterial agents, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratish C. Mishra
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Rosy Kumari
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Shivani Yadav
- Department of Computer Science and Applications, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Jaya P. Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
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Sinha S, Gupta VK, Kumar P, Kumar R, Joshi R, Pal A, Darokar MP. Usnic acid modifies MRSA drug resistance through down-regulation of proteins involved in peptidoglycan and fatty acid biosynthesis. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:2025-2040. [PMID: 31050202 PMCID: PMC6886298 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections place a huge burden on the healthcare sector and the wider community. An increasing rate of infections caused by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has necessitated the development of alternative agents. We previously reported that usnic acid (UA) has activity against MRSA; here, we report the effect of UA in combination with norfloxacin on the drug resistance of MRSA clinical isolates. We observed that the combination of UA–norfloxacin significantly reduces the bacterial burden in mouse models infected with S. aureus, without causing any detectable associated toxicity. Proteomic analysis indicated that UA–norfloxacin induces oxidative stress within cells, which leads to membrane damage and inhibits metabolic activity and biosynthesis of peptidoglycan and fatty acids. Collectively, this study provides evidence that UA in combination with norfloxacin may be a potential candidate for development into a resistance‐modifying agent for the treatment of invasive MRSA infections. This is the first report on the drug resistance‐modifying potential of usnic acid (UA) through inhibition of the multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux pump and down‐regulation of proteins involved in peptidoglycan and fatty acid biosynthesis. This compound may be helpful in the management of infection caused by MRSA through (a) lowering the prescribed amount of antibiotics, (b) decreasing MDR generation, and (c) intensifying the efficacy of antibiotics against MRSA/VRSA under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. These results may be helpful in the development of anti‐MRSA drug combinations from economical and non‐toxic natural products.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Sinha
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Parmanand Kumar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Robin Joshi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Anirban Pal
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Mahendra P Darokar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
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50
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Pastorino G, Cornara L, Soares S, Rodrigues F, Oliveira MBP. Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2323-2339. [PMID: 30117204 PMCID: PMC7167772 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, consumers are paying much more attention to natural medicines and principles, mainly due to the general sense that natural compounds are safe. On the other hand, there is a growing demand by industry for plants used in traditional medicine that could be incorporated in foods, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, or even pharmaceuticals. Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. belongs to the Fabaceae family and has been recognized since ancient times for its ethnopharmacological values. This plant contains different phytocompounds, such as glycyrrhizin, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, glabrin A and B, and isoflavones, that have demonstrated various pharmacological activities. Pharmacological experiments have demonstrated that different extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibit a broad range of biological properties, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities. A few toxicological studies have reported some concerns. This review addresses all those issues and focuses on the pharmacological activities reported for G. glabra. Therefore, an updated, critical, and extensive overview on the current knowledge of G. glabra composition and biological activities is provided here in order to explore its therapeutic potential and future challenges to be utilized for the formulation of new products that will contribute to human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Cornara
- DISTAVUniversity of GenoaGenoaItaly
- Istituto di BiofisicaConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheGenoaItaly
| | - Sónia Soares
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
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