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Chen M, Cao X, Zheng R, Chen H, He R, Zhou H, Yang Z. The role of HDAC6 in enhancing macrophage autophagy via the autophagolysosomal pathway to alleviate legionella pneumophila-induced pneumonia. Virulence 2024; 15:2327096. [PMID: 38466143 PMCID: PMC10936600 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2327096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila) is a prevalent pathogenic bacterium responsible for significant global health concerns. Nonetheless, the precise pathogenic mechanisms of L. pneumophila have still remained elusive. Autophagy, a direct cellular response to L. pneumophila infection and other pathogens, involves the recognition and degradation of these invaders in lysosomes. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a distinctive member of the histone deacetylase family, plays a multifaceted role in autophagy regulation. This study aimed to investigate the role of HDAC6 in macrophage autophagy via the autophagolysosomal pathway, leading to alleviate L. pneumophila-induced pneumonia. The results revealed a substantial upregulation of HDAC6 expression level in murine lung tissues infected by L. pneumophila. Notably, mice lacking HDAC6 exhibited a protective response against L. pneumophila-induced pulmonary tissue inflammation, which was characterized by the reduced bacterial load and diminished release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Transcriptomic analysis has shed light on the regulatory role of HDAC6 in L. pneumophila infection in mice, particularly through the autophagy pathway of macrophages. Validation using L. pneumophila-induced macrophages from mice with HDAC6 gene knockout demonstrated a decrease in cellular bacterial load, activation of the autophagolysosomal pathway, and enhancement of cellular autophagic flux. In summary, the findings indicated that HDAC6 knockout could lead to the upregulation of p-ULK1 expression level, promoting the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, increasing autophagic flux, and ultimately strengthening the bactericidal capacity of macrophages. This contributes to the alleviation of L. pneumophila-induced pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjia Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiuqin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ronghui Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ruixia He
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Luo YM, Liu SS, Zhao M, Wei W, Yao JX, Sun JH, Cao Y, Li H. Crosstalk among Oxidative Stress, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in the Protective Effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 on Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells: A Mixed Computational and Experimental Study. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:578-588. [PMID: 38853191 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-024-2858-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) were found to shift from their usually inactive state to an active state in ischemic stroke (IS) and cause neuronal damage. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), a component derived from medicinal plants, is known for its pharmacological benefits in IS, but its protective effects on BMECs have yet to be explored. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of GRb1 on BMECs. METHODS An in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model was established to mimic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Bulk RNA-sequencing data were analyzed by using the Human Autophagy Database and various bioinformatic tools, including gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), Gene Ontology (GO) classification and enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, protein-protein interaction network analysis, and molecular docking. Experimental validation was also performed to ensure the reliability of our findings. RESULTS Rb1 had a protective effect on BMECs subjected to OGD/R injury. Specifically, GRb1 was found to modulate the interplay between oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in BMECs. Key targets such as sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62), autophagy related 5 (ATG5), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) were identified, highlighting their potential roles in mediating the protective effects of GRb1 against IS-induced damage. CONCLUSION GRbl protects BMECs against OGD/R injury by influencing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. The identification of SQSTM1/p62, ATG5, and HIF-1α as promising targets further supports the potential of GRb1 as a therapeutic agent for IS, providing a foundation for future research into its mechanisms and applications in IS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Miao Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, 100901, China
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shu-Sen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100901, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Jiu-Xiu Yao
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Jia-Hui Sun
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100901, China.
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, 100901, China.
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100102, China.
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Zhu Y, Zhang S, Shao Y, Tang L, Zhang C, Tang S, Lu H. Regulatory role of oxidative stress in retrorsine - Induced apoptosis and autophagy in primary rat hepatocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 279:116515. [PMID: 38810283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a group of naturally occurring alkaloids widely present in plants. PAs are highly hepatotoxic and have been documented to cause many incidents of human and animal poisoning. Retrorsine (RTS) is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) derived from the Compositae Senecio, which has been shown to cause hepatotoxicity. Human liver poisoning occurs through the consumption of RTS-contaminated food, and animals can also be poisoned by ingesting RTS-containing toxic plants. The mechanism of RTS-induced liver toxicity is not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrated that RTS-induced oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in RTS-induced liver toxicity involving apoptosis and autophagy. The results showed that RTS treatment in the cultured Primary rat hepatocytes caused cytotoxicity and release of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Our study showed that treatment of RTS induced ROS and MDA (malondialdehyde, a lipid peroxidation marker) in the hepatocytes, and reduced antioxidant capacity (GSH content, SOD activity), suggesting RTS treatment caused oxidative stress response in the hepatocytes. Furthermore, we found that RTS induced apoptosis and autophagy in the hepatocytes, and RTS-induced apoptosis and autophagy could be alleviated by ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and the MAPK pathway inhibitors suggesting ROS/MAPK signaling pathway plays a role in RTS induced apoptosis and autophagy. Collectively, this study reveals the regulatory mechanism of oxidative stress in RTS-induced apoptosis and autophagy in the hepatocytes, providing important insights of molecular mechanisms of hepatotoxicity induced by RTS and related pyrrolizidine alkaloids in liver. This mechanism provides a basis for the prevention and treatment of PA poisoning in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shuhang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yin Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lihui Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Congcheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shiyu Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hao Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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4
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Fu Z, Gu Q, Wang L, Chen L, Zhou L, Jin Q, Li T, Zhao Y, Wu S, Luo X, Jin T, Guo C. Cell-free fat extract regulates oxidative stress and alleviates Th2-mediated inflammation in atopic dermatitis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1373419. [PMID: 38737538 PMCID: PMC11082312 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1373419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease that significantly affects patients' quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of cell-free fat extract (FE) in AD. In this study, the therapeutic effect of DNCB-induced AD mouse models was investigated. Dermatitis scores and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were recorded to evaluate the severity of dermatitis. Histological analysis and cytokines measurement were conducted to assess the therapeutic effect. Additionally, the ability of FE to protect cells from ROS-induced damage and its ROS scavenging capacity both in vitro and in vivo were investigated. Furthermore, we performed Th1/2 cell differentiation with and without FE to elucidate the underlying therapeutic mechanism. FE reduced apoptosis and cell death of HaCat cells exposed to oxidative stress. Moreover, FE exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activity and scavenged ROS both in vitro and vivo. Treatment with FE alleviated AD symptoms in mice, as evidenced by improved TEWL, restored epidermis thickness, reduced mast cell infiltration, decreased DNA oxidative damage and lower inflammatory cytokines like IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-13. FE also inhibited the differentiation of Th2 cells in vitro. Our findings indicate that FE regulates oxidative stress and mitigates Th2-mediated inflammation in atopic dermatitis by inhibiting Th2 cell differentiation, suggesting that FE has the potential as a future treatment option for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexin Fu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinhao Gu
- Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liuyi Zhou
- Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Jin
- Hangzhou Normal University Division of Health Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sufan Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao Luo
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of The NCO School, The Army Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tingting Jin
- Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengrui Guo
- Center for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Li X, Ma Y, Li G, Jin G, Xu L, Li Y, Wei P, Zhang L. Leprosy: treatment, prevention, immune response and gene function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1298749. [PMID: 38440733 PMCID: PMC10909994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1298749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the leprosy cases have fallen dramatically, the incidence of leprosy has remained stable over the past years, indicating that multidrug therapy seems unable to eradicate leprosy. More seriously, the emergence of rifampicin-resistant strains also affects the effectiveness of treatment. Immunoprophylaxis was mainly carried out through vaccination with the BCG but also included vaccines such as LepVax and MiP. Meanwhile, it is well known that the infection and pathogenesis largely depend on the host's genetic background and immunity, with the onset of the disease being genetically regulated. The immune process heavily influences the clinical course of the disease. However, the impact of immune processes and genetic regulation of leprosy on pathogenesis and immunological levels is largely unknown. Therefore, we summarize the latest research progress in leprosy treatment, prevention, immunity and gene function. The comprehensive research in these areas will help elucidate the pathogenesis of leprosy and provide a basis for developing leprosy elimination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Ma
- Chronic Infectious Disease Control Section, Nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nantong, China
| | - Guoli Li
- Department of Chronic Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangjie Jin
- Department of Chronic Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunhui Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingmin Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianhua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Chronic Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
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Rawat L, Balan M, Sasamoto Y, Sabarwal A, Pal S. A novel combination therapy with Cabozantinib and Honokiol effectively inhibits c-Met-Nrf2-induced renal tumor growth through increased oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102945. [PMID: 37898101 PMCID: PMC10628632 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), c-Met, is overexpressed and hyper active in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Most of the therapeutic agents mediate cancer cell death through increased oxidative stress. Induction of c-Met in renal cancer cells promotes the activation of redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 and cytoprotective heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which can mediate therapeutic resistance against oxidative stress. c-Met/RTK inhibitor, Cabozantinib, has been approved for the treatment of advanced RCC. However, acquired drug resistance is a major hurdle in the clinical use of cabozantinib. Honokiol, a naturally occurring phenolic compound, has a great potential to downregulate c-Met-induced pathways. In this study, we found that a novel combination treatment with cabozantinib + Honokiol inhibits the growth of renal cancer cells in a synergistic manner through increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS); and it significantly facilitates apoptosis-and autophagy-mediated cancer cell death. Activation of c-Met can induce Rubicon (a negative regulator of autophagy) and p62 (an autophagy adaptor protein), which can stabilize Nrf2. By utilizing OncoDB online database, we found a positive correlation among c-Met, Rubicon, p62 and Nrf2 in renal cancer. Interestingly, the combination treatment significantly downregulated Rubicon, p62 and Nrf2 in RCC cells. In a tumor xenograft model, this combination treatment markedly inhibited renal tumor growth in vivo; and it is associated with decreased expression of Rubicon, p62, HO-1 and vessel density in the tumor tissues. Together, cabozantinib + Honokiol combination can significantly inhibit c-Met-induced and Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidant pathway in renal cancer cells to promote increased oxidative stress and tumor cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxminarayan Rawat
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Murugabaskar Balan
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuzuru Sasamoto
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akash Sabarwal
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soumitro Pal
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Zhu SY, Zhou WQ, Niu YY, Zheng C, Liu X, Zhang YY, Yu C. COX17 restricts renal fibrosis development by maintaining mitochondrial copper homeostasis and restoring complex IV activity. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2091-2102. [PMID: 37217601 PMCID: PMC10545728 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis relies on multiple proteins and cofactors in its gradual development. Copper is a cofactor of many enzymes involved in renal microenvironment homeostasis. We previously reported that intracellular copper imbalance occurred during renal fibrosis development and was correlated with fibrosis intensity. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of how copper affected renal fibrosis development. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice were used for in vivo study; rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) treated with TGF-β1 were adapted as an in vitro fibrotic model. We revealed that the accumulation of copper in mitochondria, rather than cytosol, was responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction, cell apoptosis and renal fibrosis in both in vivo and in vitro fibrotic models. Furthermore, we showed that mitochondrial copper overload directly disrupted the activity of respiratory chain complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase), but not complex I, II and III, which hampered respiratory chain and disrupted mitochondrial functions, eventually leading to fibrosis development. Meanwhile, we showed that COX17, the copper chaperone protein, was significantly upregulated in the mitochondria of fibrotic kidneys and NRK-52E cells. Knockdown of COX17 aggravated mitochondrial copper accumulation, inhibited complex IV activity, augmented mitochondrial dysfunction and led to cell apoptosis and renal fibrosis, whereas overexpression of COX17 could discharge copper from mitochondria and protect mitochondrial function, alleviating renal fibrosis. In conclusion, copper accumulation in mitochondria blocks complex IV activity and induces mitochondrial dysfunction. COX17 plays a pivotal role in maintaining mitochondrial copper homeostasis, restoring complex IV activity, and ameliorating renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Ya Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wen-Qian Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yang-Yang Niu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Lin LC, Chang HY, Kuo TT, Chen HY, Liu WS, Lo YJ, Hsia SM, Huang TC. Oxidative stress mediates the inhibitory effects of Manzamine A on uterine leiomyoma cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition via SOAT inhibition. Redox Biol 2023; 66:102861. [PMID: 37666118 PMCID: PMC10491796 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine fibroids, the most common benign tumors of the myometrium in women, are characterized by abnormal extracellular matrix deposition and uterine smooth muscle cell neoplasia, with high recurrence rates. Here, we investigated the potential of the marine natural product manzamine A (Manz A), which has potent anti-cancer effects, as a treatment for uterine fibroids. Manz A inhibited leiomyoma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo by arresting cell cycle progression and inducing caspase-mediated apoptosis. We performed target prediction analysis and identified sterol o-acyltransferases (SOATs) as potential targets of Manz A. Cholesterol esterification and lipid droplet formation were reduced by Manz A, in line with reduced SOAT expression. As a downstream target of SOAT, Manz A also prevented extracellular matrix deposition by inhibiting the β-catenin/fibronectin/metalloproteinases axis and enhanced autophagy turnover. Excessive free fatty acid accumulation by SOAT inhibition led to reactive oxygen species to impair mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress via PERK/eIF2α/CHOP signaling. The inhibitory effect of ManzA on cell proliferation was partially restored by PERK knockdown and eliminated by tauroursodeoxycholic acid, suggesting oxidative stress plays a critical role in the mechanism of action of Manz A. These findings suggest that targeting SOATs by Manz A may be a promising therapeutic approach for uterine fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Lin
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Department of Research and Development, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Kuo
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yuan Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shan Liu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yii-Jwu Lo
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Chin Huang
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Master Program in Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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9
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Khedr SM, Ghareeb DA, Fathy SA, Hamdy GM. Berberine-loaded albumin nanoparticles reverse aflatoxin B1-induced liver hyperplasia. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 24:42. [PMID: 37559065 PMCID: PMC10413506 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be produced from aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) administration. Although berberine (BER) acts as an anticancer agent and can counteract the AFB1 effect, it has low bioavailability. Nanotechnology can overcome this problem. This research aimed to synthesize berberine nanoparticles (NPs) and then estimate their therapeutic effect compared to that of berberine against aflatoxin-induced hepatotoxicity. The desolvation method was used to prepare BER-NPs. Aflatoxicosis was induced by 5 consecutive intraperitoneal injections (IP) of 200 µg/kg/day AFB dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). After the induction period, two treatments were performed: the first with 100 mg/kg BER and the second with 10 mg/kg BER-NPs. Liver, kidney, and diabetic profiles were estimated by using standardized methods. Hepatic oxidative stress, inflammatory, cancer cell proliferation, and invasion markers were used by ELISA and qPCR techniques. The TEM image shows that both BSA NPs and BER-BSA NPs had spherical, regular, and uniform shapes. The BER encapsulation efficiency % was 78.5. The formed-BER-BSA NPs showed a loading capacity % of 7.71 and the synthesis yield % of 92.6. AFB1 increases pro-oxidant markers, decreases antioxidant systems, stimulates inflammatory enzymes, inhibits anti-inflammatory markers, decreases tumor suppressor enzymes, increases oncogenes, increases glycolytic activity, prevents cell death, and promotes cell growth. Most of the biochemical markers and hepatic architecture were normalized in the BER-BSA NP-treated group but not in the BER-treated group. Altogether, the obtained data proved that treatment with BER-NPs was more efficient than treatment with berberine against aflatoxicoses induced in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Khedr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Bio-Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Shadia A Fathy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Germine M Hamdy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
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10
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Ren Y, Wang R, Weng S, Xu H, Zhang Y, Chen S, Liu S, Ba Y, Zhou Z, Luo P, Cheng Q, Dang Q, Liu Z, Han X. Multifaceted role of redox pattern in the tumor immune microenvironment regarding autophagy and apoptosis. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:130. [PMID: 37563639 PMCID: PMC10413697 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01831-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The reversible oxidation-reduction homeostasis mechanism functions as a specific signal transduction system, eliciting related physiological responses. Disruptions to redox homeostasis can have negative consequences, including the potential for cancer development and progression, which are closely linked to a series of redox processes, such as adjustment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and species, changes in antioxidant capacity, and differential effects of ROS on downstream cell fate and immune capacity. The tumor microenvironment (TME) exhibits a complex interplay between immunity and regulatory cell death, especially autophagy and apoptosis, which is crucially regulated by ROS. The present study aims to investigate the mechanism by which multi-source ROS affects apoptosis, autophagy, and the anti-tumor immune response in the TME and the mutual crosstalk between these three processes. Given the intricate role of ROS in controlling cell fate and immunity, we will further examine the relationship between traditional cancer therapy and ROS. It is worth noting that we will discuss some potential ROS-related treatment options for further future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Ren
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ruizhi Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Siyuan Weng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yuyuan Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Shutong Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yuhao Ba
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhaokai Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Qin Dang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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11
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Farzaei MH, Ramezani-Aliakbari F, Ramezani-Aliakbari M, Zarei M, Komaki A, Shahidi S, Sarihi A, Salehi I. Regulatory effects of trimetazidine in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1633-1646. [PMID: 36971866 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a tissue damage during reperfusion after an ischemic condition. I/R injury is induced by pathological cases including stroke, myocardial infarction, circulatory arrest, sickle cell disease, acute kidney injury, trauma, and sleep apnea. It can lead to increased morbidity and mortality in the context of these processes. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of I/R insult, which is induced via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, and autophagy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are non-coding RNAs that play a main regulatory role in gene expression. Recently, there are evidence, which miRNAs are the major modulators of cardiovascular diseases, especially myocardial I/R injury. Cardiovascular miRNAs, specifically miR-21, and probably miR-24 and miR-126 have protective effects on myocardial I/R injury. Trimetazidine (TMZ) is a new class of metabolic agents with an anti-ischemic activity. It has beneficial effects on chronic stable angina by suppressing mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. The present review study addressed the different mechanistic effects of TMZ on cardiac I/R injury. Online databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane library were assessed for published studies between 1986 and 2021. TMZ, an antioxidant and metabolic agent, prevents the cardiac reperfusion injury by regulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), cystathionine-γ-lyase enzyme (CSE)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and miR-21. Therefore, TMZ protects the heart against I/R injury by inducing key regulators such as AMPK, CSE/H2S, and miR-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Ramezani-Aliakbari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolrahman Sarihi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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12
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Zhao W, Zhuang P, Chen Y, Wu Y, Zhong M, Lun Y. "Double-edged sword" effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumor development and carcinogenesis. Physiol Res 2023; 72:301-307. [PMID: 37449744 PMCID: PMC10669002 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are small reactive molecules produced by cellular metabolism and regulate various physiological and pathological functions. Many studies have shown that ROS plays an essential role in the proliferation and inhibition of tumor cells. Different concentrations of ROS can have a "double-edged sword" effect on the occurrence and development of tumors. A certain concentration of ROS can activate growth-promoting signals, enhance the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells, and cause damage to biomacromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. However, ROS can enhance the body's antitumor signal at higher levels by initiating oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and autophagy in tumor cells. This review analyzes ROS's unique bidirectional regulation mechanism on tumor cells, focusing on the key signaling pathways and regulatory factors that ROS affect the occurrence and development of tumors and providing ideas for an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of ROS action and its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microecology (Putian University), Fujian Province University, School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Putian, China.
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13
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Chen J, Wang J, Wu X, Simon N, Svensson CI, Yuan J, Hart DA, Ahmed AS, Ackermann PW. eEF2 improves dense connective tissue repair and healing outcome by regulating cellular death, autophagy, apoptosis, proliferation and migration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:128. [PMID: 37084140 PMCID: PMC10121543 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Outcomes following human dense connective tissue (DCT) repair are often variable and suboptimal, resulting in compromised function and development of chronic painful degenerative diseases. Moreover, biomarkers and mechanisms that guide good clinical outcomes after DCT injuries are mostly unknown. Here, we characterize the proteomic landscape of DCT repair following human Achilles tendon rupture and its association with long-term patient-reported outcomes. Moreover, the potential regulatory mechanisms of relevant biomarkers were assessed partly by gene silencing experiments. A mass-spectrometry based proteomic approach quantified a large number (769) of proteins, including 51 differentially expressed proteins among 20 good versus 20 poor outcome patients. A novel biomarker, elongation factor-2 (eEF2) was identified as being strongly prognostic of the 1-year clinical outcome. Further bioinformatic and experimental investigation revealed that eEF2 positively regulated autophagy, cell proliferation and migration, as well as reduced cell death and apoptosis, leading to improved DCT repair and outcomes. Findings of eEF2 as novel prognostic biomarker could pave the way for new targeted treatments to improve healing outcomes after DCT injuries.Trial registration: NCT02318472 registered 17 December 2014 and NCT01317160 registered 17 March 2011, with URL http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02318472 and http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT01317160 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xinjie Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Nils Simon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla I Svensson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan Yuan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David A Hart
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Kinesiology, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aisha S Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Paul W Ackermann
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Yang D, He L, Ma S, Li S, Zhang Y, Hu C, Huang J, Xu Z, Tang D, Chen Z. Pharmacological Targeting of Bcl-2 Induces Caspase 3-Mediated Cleavage of HDAC6 and Regulates the Autophagy Process in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076662. [PMID: 37047634 PMCID: PMC10095469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Compound 6d, a spiroindoline compound, exhibits antiproliferative capability against cancer cell lines. However, the exact underlying mechanism of this compound-mediated inhibitory capability remains unclear. Here, we showed that compound 6d is an inhibitor of Bcl-2, which suppresses CRC growth by inducing caspase 3-mediated intrinsic apoptosis of mitochondria. Regarding the underlying mechanism, we identified HDAC6 as a direct substrate for caspase 3, and caspase 3 activation induced by compound 6d directly cleaves HDAC6 into two fragments. Moreover, the cleavage site was located at D1088 in the DMAD-S motif HDAC6. Apoptosis stimulated by compound 6d promoted autophagy initiation by inhibiting interaction between Bcl-2 and Beclin 1, while it led to the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and the reduction of autophagic flux. Collectively, our findings reveal that the Bcl-2-caspase 3-HDAC6 cascade is a crucial regulatory pathway of autophagy and identify compound 6d as a novel lead compound for disrupting the balance between apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liujun He
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Shuiqing Ma
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Shiqiang Li
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Chunsheng Hu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Jiuhong Huang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Dianyong Tang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Zhongzhu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
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15
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Sk S, Majumder A, Sow P, Samadder A, Bera M. Exploring a new family of designer copper(II) complexes of anthracene-appended polyfunctional organic assembly displaying potential anticancer activity via cytochrome c mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 243:112182. [PMID: 36933342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The present article describes the systematic study on design and synthesis, physicochemical properties and spectroscopic features, and potential anticancer activities of a family of novel copper(II)-based designer metal complexes [Cu2(acdp)(μ-Cl)(H2O)2] (1), [Cu2(acdp)(μ-NO3)(H2O)2] (2) and [Cu2(acdp)(μ-O2CCF3)(H2O)2] (3) of anthracene-appended polyfunctional organic assembly, H3acdp (H3acdp = N,N'-bis[anthracene-2-ylmethyl]-N,N'-bis[carboxymethyl]-1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol). Synthesis of 1-3 was accomplished under facile experimental conditions, preserving their overall integrity in solution. The incorporation of polycyclic anthracene skeleton within the backbone of organic assembly increases lipophilicity of resulting complexes, thereby dictating the degree of cellular uptake with improved biological activity. Complexes 1-3 were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, FTIR, UV-Vis absorption/fluorescence emission titration spectroscopy, PXRD and TGA/DTA studies, including DFT calculations. The cellular cytotoxicity of 1-3 when studied in HepG2 cancer cell line showed substantial cytotoxic effects, whereas no such cytotoxicity was observed when exposed to normal L6 skeletal muscle cell line. Thereafter, the signaling factors involved in the process of cytotoxicity in HepG2 cancer cells were investigated. Alteration of cytochrome c and Bcl-2 protein expression levels along with modulation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in the presence of 1-3, strongly suggested the possibility of activating mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway involved in halting the cancer cell propagation. However, when a comparative assessment on their bio-efficacies was made, 1 showed higher cytotoxicity, nuclear condensation, DNA binding and damage, ROS generation and lower rate of cell proliferation compared to 2 and 3 in HepG2 cell line, indicating that the anticancer activity of 1 is significantly higher than that of 2 and 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Sk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Avishek Majumder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Priyanka Sow
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India.
| | - Manindranath Bera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India.
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Guillamón E, Mut-Salud N, Rodríguez-Sojo MJ, Ruiz-Malagón AJ, Cuberos-Escobar A, Martínez-Férez A, Rodríguez-Nogales A, Gálvez J, Baños A. In Vitro Antitumor and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Allium-Derived Compounds Propyl Propane Thiosulfonate (PTSO) and Propyl Propane Thiosulfinate (PTS). Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061363. [PMID: 36986093 PMCID: PMC10058678 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing rates of cancer incidence and the side-effects of current chemotherapeutic treatments have led to the research on novel anticancer products based on dietary compounds. The use of Allium metabolites and extracts has been proposed to reduce the proliferation of tumor cells by several mechanisms. In this study, we have shown the in vitro anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effect of two onion-derived metabolites propyl propane thiosulfinate (PTS) and propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) on several human tumor lines (MCF-7, T-84, A-549, HT-29, Panc-1, Jurkat, PC-3, SW-837, and T1-73). We observed that this effect was related to their ability to induce apoptosis regulated by oxidative stress. In addition, both compounds were also able to reduce the levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-8, IL-6, and IL-17. Therefore, PTS and PTSO may have a promising role in cancer prevention and/or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Sojo
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús Ruiz-Malagón
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Martínez-Férez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alba Rodríguez-Nogales
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.R.-N.); (J.G.)
| | - Julio Gálvez
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Instituto de Investigacion Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.R.-N.); (J.G.)
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17
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Cheng HL, Lee SC, Chang-Chien J, Su TR, Yang JJ, Su CC. Protective mechanism of ferulic acid against neomycin-induced ototoxicity in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:604-614. [PMID: 36367326 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ototoxicity refers to damage of sensory hair cells and functional hearing impairment following aminoglycosides exposure. Previously, we have determined that ferulic acid (FA) protected hair cells against serial concentrations of neomycin-induced ototoxic damage. The aim of the present study is to assess the mechanism and effects of FA on neomycin-induced hair cells loss and impact on mechanosensory-mediated behaviors alteration using transgenic zebrafish (pvalb3b: TagGFP). We first identified the optimal protective condition as pre/co-treatment method in early fish development. Pretreatment of the larvae with FA significantly protected against neomycin-induced hair cells loss through preventing neomycin passed through the cytoplasm of hair cells, and subsequently decreased reactive oxygen species production and TUNEL signals in 4 day post-fertilization (dpf) transgenic zebrafish larvae. Moreover, preservation of functional hair cells correlated directly with rescue of the altered swimming behavior, indicates FA pretreatment protects against neomycin ototoxic damage in 7-dpf transgenic zebrafish larvae. Together, our findings unravel the otoprotective role of FA as an effective agent against neomycin-induced ototoxic effects and offering the theoretical foundation for discovering novel candidates for hearing protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Lin Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chih Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ju Chang-Chien
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Rong Su
- Dean chamber, Antai Medical Care Corporation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Jou Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chyuan Su
- Dean chamber, Antai Medical Care Corporation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Department of Beauty Science, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
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18
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Wang G, Chen X, Shao Y, Xu B. PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitochondrial Autophagy Participates in H 2O 2-Induced Abnormal Proliferation of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1271-1282. [PMID: 36993991 PMCID: PMC10042253 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s398690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To explore the role of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy in H2O2-induced abnormal proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS). Methods Firstly, we isolated fibroblast like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) from RA patients. H2O2-induced oxidative stress, and NAC (a ROS inhibitor) or FCCP (a mitochondrial autophagy activator) treatment inhibited ROS level or activate mitochondrial autophagy in RA-FLS. MitoSOX Red, JC-1 kit, DCFH-DA kit and CCK8 kit were used to evaluate mitochondrial redox status, mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular ROS level and cell activity, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression. The rat model of Freund's complete adjuvant arthritis (AA) was established and treated with NAC and FCCP, respectively. The pathological changes of synovium and the percentage of apoptotic cells in synovium were detected by H&E and TUNEL staining, respectively. Results We have successfully isolated synovial cells from RA patients. Using 5μM H2O2 to stimulate RA-FLS could induce mitochondrial abnormalities of RA-FLS and inhibit RA-FLS autophagy. FCCP could reverse the effect of H2O2 on RA-FLS cell proliferation and apoptosis. NAC could reverse the effect of H2O2 on PINK1/Parkin. Overexpression of PINK1 or Parkin reversed the effect of H2O2 on RA-FLS mitochondrial autophagy, proliferation and apoptosis. The in vivo experiment results showed that both NAC and FCCP could prevent the pathogenesis of RA, reduce RA-FLS cell viability and increase RA-FLS cell apoptosis. Conclusion The PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy participates in H2O2-induced abnormal proliferation of RA-FLS, and targeting of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy may be the key mechanism in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yubao Shao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Bin Xu, Email
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Pu W, Chu X, Guo H, Huang G, Cui T, Huang B, Dai X, Zhang C. The activated ATM/AMPK/mTOR axis promotes autophagy in response to oxidative stress-mediated DNA damage co-induced by molybdenum and cadmium in duck testes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120574. [PMID: 36351481 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and excess molybdenum (Mo) have multiple organ toxicity, and testis is one of their important target organs, but the reproductive toxicity of Mo and Cd combined treatment is still unclear. To explore the effects of Mo and Cd co-exposure on DNA damage and autophagy from the insight of ATM/AMPK/mTOR axis in duck testes, we randomly assigned 40 healthy 8-day-old ducks to control, Mo (100 mg/kg Mo), Cd (4 mg/kg Cd), and Mo + Cd groups for 16 weeks. Results found that Mo and/or Cd exposure caused trace elements imbalance, oxidative stress with a decrease in the activities of GSH-Px, CAT, T-SOD and GSH content, an increase in the concentrations of H2O2 and MDA and pathological damage. Additionally, Mo and/or Cd markedly raised DNA damage-related factors expression levels and 8-OHdG content, caused G1/S arrest followed by decreasing CDK2 and Cyclin E protein levels and increasing CDK1 and Cyclin B protein levels, and activated ATM/AMPK/mTOR axis by enhancing p-ATM/ATM, p-AMPK/AMPK and reducing p-mTOR/mTOR protein levels, eventually triggered autophagy by elevating LC3A, LC3B, Atg5, Beclin-1 mRNA levels and LC3II/LC3I, Beclin-1 protein levels and reducing P62, Dynein, mTOR mRNA levels and P62 protein level. Moreover, these changes were most apparent in the combined group. Altogether, the results reveal that autophagy caused by Mo and/or Cd may be associated with activating the DNA damage-mediated ATM/AMPK/mTOR axis in duck testes, and Mo and Cd co-exposure exacerbates these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Pu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Xuesheng Chu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Huiling Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Gang Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Ting Cui
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Bingyan Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Xueyan Dai
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China.
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Liu J, Wei H, Yang Z, Hao Y, Wang G, Li T, Yu T, Liao H, Bao B, Wu Q, Bi H, Guo D. Enhanced Apoptosis in Choroidal Tissues in Lens-Induced Myopia Guinea Pigs by Activating the RASA1 Signaling Pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:5. [PMID: 36205991 PMCID: PMC9578543 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.11.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the role of the RAS p21 protein activator 1 (RASA1) signaling pathway in apoptosis in choroid tissues from guinea pigs with negative lens-induced myopia (LIM). Methods Biometric measurements were performed to examine refractive status, ocular parameters, and choroidal thickness (ChT) after myopia induction. The choroidal morphology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and TUNEL assay. The expression of the RASA1 signaling pathway at the mRNA and protein levels in choroidal tissues was measured by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot assays. Results Compared with the normal control (NC) group, the ocular length of the guinea pigs in LIM increased remarkably, as did the myopic refraction. ChT decreased after myopia induction. H&E staining showed that the thickness and laxity of the choroidal tissues in LIM were strikingly reduced. The number of apoptotic cells in the LIM eyes was increased. Moreover, qPCR and western blot assays showed that the expression levels of both RASA1 and BCL-2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD) were higher in the LIM group than in the NC group, whereas the expression level of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) was decreased after 2 weeks of experimental myopia. However, the trend of RASA1, BAD, and BCL-2 expression was reversed after 4 weeks of experimental myopia compared with levels after 2 weeks of experimental myopia. Conclusions Results showed that the RASA1 signaling pathway is activated in choroid tissues in myopic guinea pigs. Activated RASA1 signaling induces high BAD expression and low BCL-2 expression, which in turn promotes apoptosis and ultimately causes ChT thinning in myopic guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huixia Wei
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yixian Hao
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guimin Wang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tuling Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huiping Liao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Bao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuxin Wu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Eugenol Attenuates Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Via ROS-NRF2-ARE Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091838. [PMID: 36139913 PMCID: PMC9495523 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), a coronavirus that causes severe diarrhea due to oxidative stress in the piglet intestine, is a major cause of economic loss in the livestock industry. However, limited interventions have been shown to be effective in the treatment of TGEV. Here, we demonstrate the therapeutic activity of eugenol in TGEV-induced intestinal oxidative stress and apoptosis. Our data show that eugenol supplementation protects intestine and IPEC-J2 cells from TGEV-induced damage. Mechanistically, eugenol reduces TGEV-induced oxidative stress in intestinal epithelial cells by reducing reactive oxygen species levels. Interestingly, eugenol also inhibits TGEV-induced intestinal cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our data suggest that eugenol prevents TGEV-induced intestinal oxidative stress by reducing ROS-mediated damage to antioxidant signaling pathways. Therefore, eugenol may be a promising therapeutic strategy for TGEV infection.
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22
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Role of thyroid hormones-induced oxidative stress on cardiovascular physiology. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130239. [PMID: 36064072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play an essential role in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis and are involved in the modulation of cardiac contractility, heart rate, diastolic function, systemic vascular resistance, and vasodilation. THs have actions on cardiovascular physiology through the activation or repression of target genes or the activation of intracellular signals through non-genomic mechanisms. Hyperthyroidism alters certain intracellular pathways involved in the preservation of the structure and functionality of the heart, causing relevant cardiovascular disorders. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the cardiovascular system, but the exacerbated increase in ROS caused by chronic hyperthyroidism together with regulation on the antioxidant system have been associated with the development of cardiovascular dysfunction. In this review, we analyze the role of THs-induced oxidative stress in the cellular and molecular changes that lead to cardiac dysfunction, as well as the effectiveness of antioxidant treatments in attenuating cardiac abnormalities developed during hyperthyroidism.
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Gitogenin suppresses lung cancer progression by inducing apoptosis and autophagy initiation through the activation of AMPK signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:108806. [PMID: 35914447 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of tumor-associated death worldwide. Autophagy plays a key role in regulating lung cancer progression, and is a promising option for lung cancer treatment. Saponins are a group of naturally occurring plant glycosides, characterized by their strong foam-forming properties in aqueous solution, and exert various biological properties, such as anti-inflammation and anti-cancer. In the present study, we for the first time explored the effects of gitogenin (GIT), an important saponin derived from Tribulus longipetalus, on lung cancer progression both in vitro and in vivo. We found that GIT markedly reduced the proliferation and induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells through increasing the cleavage of Caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). In addition, GIT-incubated lung cancer cells exhibited clear accumulation of autophagosome, which was essential for GIT-suppressed lung cancer. Mechanistically, GIT-induced autophagy initiation was mainly through activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and blocking protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways, respectively. Moreover, the autophagic flux was disrupted in GIT-treated lung cancer cells, contributing to the accumulation of impaired autophagolysosomes. Importantly, we found that suppressing autophagy initiation could abolish GIT-induced cell death; however, autophagosomes accumulation sensitized lung cancer cells to cell death upon GIT treatment. More in vitro experiments showed that GIT led to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in lung cancer cells, which was also involved in the modulation of apoptosis. The in vivo findings confirmed the effects of GIT against lung cancer progression with undetectable toxicity to organs. In conclusion, we provided new insights into the treatment of lung cancer, and GIT might be an effective strategy for future clinical application.
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Cichoric Acid May Play a Role in Protecting Hair Cells from Ototoxic Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126701. [PMID: 35743144 PMCID: PMC9224198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ototoxic hearing loss due to antibiotic medication including aminoglycosides and excess free radical production causes irreversible hair cell injury. Cichoric acid, a naturally occurring phenolic acid, has recently been found to exert anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties through its free radical scavenging capacity. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of cichoric acid against neomycin-induced ototoxicity using transgenic zebrafish (pvalb3b: TagGFP). Our results indicated that cichoric acid in concentrations up to 5 μM did not affect zebrafish viability during the 2 h treatment period. Therefore, the otoprotective concentration of cichoric acid was identified as 5 μM under 2 h treatment by counting viable hair cells within the neuromasts of the anterior- and posterior-lateral lines in the study. Pretreatment of transgenic zebrafish with 5 μM of cichoric acid for 2 h significantly protected against neomycin-induced hair cell death. Protection mediated by cichoric acid was, however, lost over time. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay and FM4-64 staining, respectively, provided in situ evidence that cichoric acid ameliorated apoptotic signals and mechanotransduction machinery impairment caused by neomycin. A fish locomotor test (distance move, velocity, and rotation frequency) assessing behavioral alteration after ototoxic damage revealed rescue due to cichoric acid pretreatment before neomycin exposure. These findings suggest that cichoric acid in 5 μM under 2 h treatment has antioxidant effects and can attenuate neomycin-induced hair cell death in neuromasts. Although cichoric acid offered otoprotection, there is only a small difference between pharmacological and toxic concentrations, and hence cichoric acid can be considered a rather prototypical compound for the development of safer otoprotective compounds.
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Docosahexaenoic Acid-Enhanced Autophagic Flux Improves Cardiac Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction by Targeting the AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1509421. [PMID: 35265261 PMCID: PMC8898772 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1509421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a type of polyunsaturated fatty acid enriched in cod liver oil and seaweed. It is necessary for the human body and has important functions, such as antioxidation and antiatherosclerosis activities. Long-term oral administration of DHA or the use of DHA at the initial stage of ischemia can increase the level of autophagy and exert a protective effect on neurological functions related to cerebral infarction. However, the effect of DHA on myocardial injury and cardiac insufficiency after myocardial infarction (MI) is unknown. This study was aimed at exploring whether DHA plays a protective role in AMI and its specific molecular mechanism. Experimental Method. In vitro cardiomyocyte hypoxia and in vivo MI injury models were used to determine the role of DHA in MI. Hypoxic injury induced damage in cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes (NMCs). The C57BL/6J mouse MI model was established by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending branch. Main Results. DHA improved the cardiomyocyte viability of NMCs induced by hypoxia injury and reduced cell necrosis. DHA reduced infarct size, improved heart function, and reduced the degree of myocardial fibrosis in mice after MI. In addition, DHA enhanced autophagy flux and reduced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we found that chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, blocked the protective effect of DHA on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction, indicating that DHA exerts cardioprotective effects in part by promoting autophagy flux. We also observed that DHA enhanced autophagy flux by activating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusions and Significance. In conclusion, our findings indicate for the first time that DHA improves MI-induced cardiac dysfunction by promoting AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagic flux.
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Zhu HL, Dai LM, Xiong YW, Shi XT, Liu WB, Fu YT, Zhou GX, Zhang S, Gao L, Zhang C, Zhao LL, Xu XF, Huang YC, Xu DX, Wang H. Gestational exposure to environmental cadmium induces placental apoptosis and fetal growth restriction via Parkin-modulated MCL-1 degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127268. [PMID: 34583167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal cadmium (Cd), a classical environmental pollutant, causes placental apoptosis and fetal growth restriction (FGR), whereby the mechanism remains unclear. Here, our human case-control study firstly showed that there was a positive association of Parkin mitochondrial translocation, MCL-1 reduction, placental apoptosis, and all-cause FGR. Subsequently, Cd was administered to establish in vitro and in vivo models of placental apoptosis or FGR. Our models demonstrated that Parkin mitochondrial translocation was observed in Cd-administrated placental trophoblasts. Meaningfully, Parkin siRNA (siR) dramatically mitigated Cd-triggered apoptosis in placental trophoblasts. Mdivi-1 (M-1), an inhibitor for Parkin mitochondrial translocation, mitigated Cd-induced apoptosis in placental trophoblasts, which further ameliorated the effect of attenuated placental sizes in Cd-exposed mice. Furthermore, the interaction of MCL-1 with Parkin or Ub in Cd-stimulated cells was stronger than that in controls. MG132, an inhibitor for proteasome, abolished MCL-1 degradation in Cd-stimulated cells. Importantly, Parkin siR and M-1 memorably abolished the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of MCL-1 in placental trophoblasts. Interestingly, mito-TEMPO and melatonin, two mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, obviously rescued Cd-caused mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decrease, Parkin mitochondrial translocation, MCL-1 degradation, and apoptosis in placental trophoblasts. In conclusion, cadmium induces placental apoptosis and FGR via mtROS-mediated Parkin-modulated degradation of MCL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Long Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of The People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Min Dai
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Yong-Wei Xiong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Xue-Ting Shi
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Wei-Bo Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Yi-Ting Fu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Guo-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Ling-Li Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Chao Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of The People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of The People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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The Improvement of Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy by P2X7R Inhibitor through Inhibiting the Omi/HtrA2 Apoptotic Signaling Pathway. Behav Neurol 2022; 2022:3777351. [PMID: 35126784 PMCID: PMC8813303 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3777351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) involves many aspects, including intracellular peroxidative stress damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell apoptosis. In this study, we mainly explored the influence of P2X7R on the cognitive function of SAE and its molecular mechanism. We established a sepsis model using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, followed by an assessment of cognitive function using Morris water maze, and then Western Blot was used to analyze the expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and Occludin in the hippocampus of mice. TUNEL assay was used to analyze the apoptosis of brain cells in frozen brain slices of mice during sepsis. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) were used to research the molecular mechanism of brain cell damage induced by P2X7R. The results showed that P2X7R inhibitors dramatically improved the survival rate of mice, relieved the cognitive dysfunction caused by LPS stimulation, and significantly reduced the brain cell apoptosis caused by LPS. In addition, the inhibition of P2X7R can also reduce the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HBMECs in vitro and inhibit the apoptosis signaling pathway associated with mitochondrial serine protease Omi/HtrA2 in HBMECs in vitro. These results suggest that P2X7R has strong value as a potential target for the treatment of SAE.
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Multiple Mechanisms Converging on Transcription Factor EB Activation by the Natural Phenol Pterostilbene. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2021:7658501. [PMID: 34992716 PMCID: PMC8727145 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7658501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pterostilbene (Pt) is a potentially beneficial plant phenol. In contrast to many other natural compounds (including the more celebrated resveratrol), Pt concentrations producing significant effects in vitro can also be reached with relative ease in vivo. Here we focus on some of the mechanisms underlying its activity, those involved in the activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB). A set of processes leading to this outcome starts with the generation of ROS, attributed to the interaction of Pt with complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and spreads to involve Ca2+ mobilization from the ER/mitochondria pool, activation of CREB and AMPK, and inhibition of mTORC1. TFEB migration to the nucleus results in the upregulation of autophagy and lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis. Cells exposed to several μM levels of Pt experience a mitochondrial crisis, an indication for using low doses in therapeutic or nutraceutical applications. Pt afforded significant functional improvements in a zebrafish embryo model of ColVI-related myopathy, a pathology which also involves defective autophagy. Furthermore, long-term supplementation with Pt reduced body weight gain and increased transcription levels of Ppargc1a and Tfeb in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. These in vivo findings strengthen the in vitro observations and highlight the therapeutic potential of this natural compound.
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Uddandrao VVS, Parim B, Singaravel S, Ponnusamy P, Ponnusamy C, Sasikumar V, Saravanan G. Polyherbal Formulation Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Through Attenuation of Cardiac Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Via NF-κB/Nrf-2/HO-1 Pathway in Diabetic Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:e75-e86. [PMID: 34740211 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The present study was intended to evaluate the effect of polyherbal formulation (PHF) made with 3 nutraceuticals, such as Piper nigrum, Terminalia paniculata, and Bauhinia purpurea on inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), which is induced by streptozotocin and nicotinamide administration in rats. We supplemented DCM rats with PHF (250 and 500 mg/kg/BW) for 45 days and evaluated their effects on oxidative stress markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and messenger RNA expressions of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) and its linked genes [heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase, catalase] along with inflammatory genes [tumour necrosis factor α and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)]. Our study demonstrated that PHF successfully attenuated inflammation and oxidative stress via messenger RNA upregulation of Nrf-2, HO-1, superoxide dismutase, and catalase and concomitantly with downregulation of tumour necrosis factor α and NF-κB. Conversely, PHF also protected hyperglycemia-mediated cardiac damage, which was confirmed with histopathological and scanning electron microscopy analysis. In conclusion, our results suggested that PHF successfully ameliorated hyperglycemia-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress via regulation of NF-κB/Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. Therefore, these results recommend that PHF may be a prospective therapeutic agent for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Sathibabu Uddandrao
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Brahmanaidu Parim
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research (ICMR-NARFBR), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | | | - Chandrasekaran Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vadivukkarasi Sasikumar
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ganapathy Saravanan
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Tamilnadu, India
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Yu L, Chen Y, Yuan S, Cao Y, Bi Z. Peiminine Induces G0/G1-Phase Arrest, Apoptosis, and Autophagy via the ROS/JNK Signaling Pathway in Human Osteosarcoma Cells in Vitro and in Vivo. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:770846. [PMID: 34867399 PMCID: PMC8633898 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.770846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Peiminine has been reported to have various pharmacological properties, including anticancer activity. In this study, we investigated the effect of this alkaloid on osteosarcoma and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods: To evaluate the antiosteosarcoma effects of peiminine in vitro, cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 and live/dead assays; the effects of the drug on apoptosis and the cell cycle were examined by flow cytometry; the effects on cell migration and invasion were detected by wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively, while its effects on autophagy were observed by transmission electron microscopy and an LC3 fluorescent puncta formation assay. The role of autophagy in the peiminine-mediated effects in osteosarcoma cells was evaluated by CCK-8 assay and western blotting after the application of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. The effect of peiminine on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was analyzed using fluorescence confocal microscopy and spectrophotometry. Additionally, peiminine-treated osteosarcoma cells were exposed to SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, and N-acetylcysteine, a ROS scavenger, after which the contribution of the ROS/JNK signaling pathway to osteosarcoma was assessed using cell viability and LC3 fluorescent puncta formation assays, flow cytometry, and western blotting. A xenograft mouse model of osteosarcoma was generated to determine the antitumor effects of peiminine in vivo. Results: Peiminine suppressed proliferation and metastasis and induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in osteosarcoma cells. These anticancer effects of peiminine were found to be dependent on intracellular ROS generation and activation of the JNK pathway. In line with these results, peiminine significantly inhibited xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Conclusions: Peiminine induced G0/G1-phase arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in human osteosarcoma cells via the ROS/JNK signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo. Our study may provide an experimental basis for the evaluation of peiminine as an alternative drug for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shaohui Yuan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenggang Bi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Li D, Ding Z, Du K, Ye X, Cheng S. Reactive Oxygen Species as a Link between Antioxidant Pathways and Autophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5583215. [PMID: 34336103 PMCID: PMC8324391 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5583215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules that can oxidize proteins, lipids, and DNA. Under physiological conditions, ROS are mainly generated in the mitochondria during aerobic metabolism. Under pathological conditions, excessive ROS disrupt cellular homeostasis. High levels of ROS result in severe oxidative damage to the cellular machinery. However, a low/mild level of ROS could serve as a signal to trigger cell survival mechanisms. To prevent and cope with oxidative damage to biomolecules, cells have developed various antioxidant and detoxifying mechanisms. Meanwhile, ROS can initiate autophagy, a process of self-clearance, which helps to reduce oxidative damage by engulfing and degrading oxidized substance. This review summarizes the interactions among ROS, autophagy, and antioxidant pathways. The effects of natural phytochemicals on autophagy induction, antioxidation, and dual-function are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongxian Ding
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaili Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangshi Ye
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shixue Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Ma LL, Kong FJ, Dong Z, Xin KY, Wang XX, Sun AJ, Zou YZ, Ge JB. Hypertrophic Preconditioning Attenuates Myocardial Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury by Modulating SIRT3-SOD2-mROS-Dependent Autophagy. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13051. [PMID: 33973685 PMCID: PMC8249780 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischaemic preconditioning elicited by brief periods of coronary occlusion and reperfusion protects the heart from a subsequent prolonged ischaemic insult. Here, we test the hypothesis that short‐term non‐ischaemic stimulation of hypertrophy renders the heart resistant to subsequent ischaemic injury. Methods and Results Transient transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was performed for 3 days in mice and then withdrawn for 4 days by aortic debanding, followed by subsequent exposure to myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury. Following I/R injury, myocardial infarct size and apoptosis were significantly decreased, and cardiac dysfunction was markedly improved in the TAC preconditioning group compared with the control group. Mechanistically, TAC preconditioning markedly suppressed I/R‐induced autophagy and preserved autophagic flux by deacetylating SOD2 via a SIRT3‐dependent mechanism. Moreover, treatment with an adenovirus encoding SIRT3 partially mimicked the effects of hypertrophic preconditioning, whereas genetic ablation of SIRT3 in mice blocked the cardioprotective effects of hypertrophic preconditioning. Furthermore, in vivo lentiviral‐mediated knockdown of Beclin 1 in the myocardium ameliorated the I/R‐induced impairment of autophagic flux and was associated with a reduction in cell death, whereas treatment with a lentivirus encoding Beclin 1 abolished the cardioprotective effect of TAC preconditioning. Conclusions The present study identifies TAC preconditioning as a novel strategy for induction of an endogenous self‐defensive and cardioprotective mechanism against cardiac injury. Specifically, TAC preconditioning reduced myocardial autophagic cell death in a SIRT3/SOD2 pathway‐dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Lei Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei-Juan Kong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Yue Xin
- Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xing-Xu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai-Jun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Zeng Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Bo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Ma LL, Ding ZW, Yin PP, Wu J, Hu K, Sun AJ, Zou YZ, Ge JB. Hypertrophic preconditioning cardioprotection after myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury involves ALDH2-dependent metabolism modulation. Redox Biol 2021; 43:101960. [PMID: 33910156 PMCID: PMC8099646 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brief episodes of ischaemia and reperfusion render the heart resistant to subsequent prolonged ischaemic insult, termed ischaemic preconditioning. Here, we hypothesized that transient non-ischaemic stress by hypertrophic stimulation would induce endogenous cardioprotective signalling and enhance cardiac resistance to subsequent ischaemic damage. Transient transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or Ang-Ⅱ treatment was performed for 3-7 days in male mice and then withdrawn for several days by either aortic debanding or discontinuing Ang-Ⅱ treatment, followed by subsequent exposure to regional myocardial ischaemia by in situ coronary artery ligation. Following ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, myocardial infarct size and apoptosis were markedly reduced and contractile function was significantly improved in the TAC preconditioning group compared with that in the control group. Similar results were observed in mice receiving Ang-Ⅱ infusion. Mechanistically, TAC preconditioning enhanced ALDH2 activity, promoted AMPK activation and improved mitochondrial energy metabolism by increasing myocardial OXPHOS complex expression, elevating the mitochondrial ATP content and improving viable myocardium glucose uptake. Moreover, TAC preconditioning significantly mitigated I/R-induced myocardial iNOS/gp91phox activation, inhibited endoplasmic reticulum stress and ameliorated mitochondrial impairment. Using a pharmacological approach to inhibit AMPK signalling in the presence or absence of preconditioning, we demonstrated AMPK-dependent protective mechanisms of TAC preconditioning against I/R injury. Furthermore, treatment with adenovirus-encoded ALDH2 partially emulated the actions of hypertrophic preconditioning, as evidenced by improved mitochondrial metabolism, inhibited oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage and attenuated cell death through an AMPK-dependent mechanism, whereas genetic ablation of ALDH2 abrogated the aforementioned actions of TAC preconditioning. The present study demonstrates that preconditioning with hypertrophic stress protects the heart from I/R injury via mechanisms that improve mitochondrial metabolism, reduce oxidative/nitrative stress and inhibit apoptosis. ALDH2 is obligatorily required for the development of cardiac hypertrophic preconditioning and acts as the mediator of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Lei Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Pei Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai-Jun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yun-Zeng Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun-Bo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Alaswad HA, Mahbub AA, Le Maitre CL, Jordan-Mahy N. Molecular Action of Polyphenols in Leukaemia and Their Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063085. [PMID: 33802972 PMCID: PMC8002821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukaemia is a malignant disease of the blood. Current treatments for leukaemia are associated with serious side-effects. Plant-derived polyphenols have been identified as potent anti-cancer agents and have been shown to work synergistically with standard chemotherapy agents in leukaemia cell lines. Polyphenols have multiple mechanisms of action and have been reported to decrease cell proliferation, arrest cell cycle and induce apoptosis via the activation of caspase (3, 8 and 9); the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of cytochrome c. Polyphenols have been shown to suppress activation of transcription factors, including NF-kB and STAT3. Furthermore, polyphenols have pro-oxidant properties, with increasing evidence that polyphenols inhibit the antioxidant activity of glutathione, causing oxidative DNA damage. Polyphenols also induce autophagy-driven cancer cell death and regulate multidrug resistance proteins, and thus may be able to reverse resistance to chemotherapy agents. This review examines the molecular mechanism of action of polyphenols and discusses their potential therapeutic targets. Here, we discuss the pharmacological properties of polyphenols, including their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-tumour activities, and suggest that polyphenols are potent natural agents that can be useful therapeutically; and discuss why data on bioavailability, toxicity and metabolism are essential to evaluate their clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza A. Alaswad
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, The Owen Building, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (H.A.A.); (C.L.L.M.)
| | - Amani A. Mahbub
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 715, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Christine L. Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, The Owen Building, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (H.A.A.); (C.L.L.M.)
| | - Nicola Jordan-Mahy
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, The Owen Building, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; (H.A.A.); (C.L.L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-0114-225-3120
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Perfluorooctane sulfonate induces autophagy-associated apoptosis through oxidative stress and the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases in renal tubular cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245442. [PMID: 33471797 PMCID: PMC7817024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is among the most abundant organic pollutants and is widely distributed in the environment, wildlife, and humans. Its toxic effects and biological hazards are associated with its long elimination half-life in humans. However, how it affects renal tubular cells (RTCs) remains unclear. In this study, PFOS was observed to mediate the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, followed by the activation of the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway, which induced autophagy in RTCs. Although PFOS treatment induced autophagy after 6 h, prolonged treatment (24 h) reduced the autophagic flux by increasing lysosomal membrane permeability (LMP), leading to increased p62 protein accumulation and subsequent apoptosis. The increase in LMP was visualized through increased green fluorescence with acridine orange staining, and this was attenuated by 3-methyladenine, an autophagy inhibitor. N-acetyl cysteine and an inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (U0126) attenuated autophagy and apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that ROS activation and ROS-mediated phosphorylated ERK1/2 activation are essential to activate autophagy, resulting in the apoptosis of PFOS-treated RTCs. Our findings provide insight into the mechanism of PFOS-mediated renal toxicity.
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Litak J, Mazurek M, Kulesza B, Szmygin P, Litak J, Kamieniak P, Grochowski C. Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249729. [PMID: 33419271 PMCID: PMC7766314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) represents a cluster of various vascular disorders with different pathological backgrounds. The advanced vasculature net of cerebral vessels, including small arteries, capillaries, arterioles and venules, is usually affected. Processes of oxidation underlie the pathology of CSVD, promoting the degenerative status of the epithelial layer. There are several classifications of cerebral small vessel diseases; some of them include diseases such as Binswanger’s disease, leukoaraiosis, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and lacunar strokes. This paper presents the characteristics of CSVD and the impact of the current knowledge of this topic on the diagnosis and treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (B.K.); (P.S.); (P.K.)
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Marek Mazurek
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (B.K.); (P.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Bartłomiej Kulesza
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (B.K.); (P.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Szmygin
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (B.K.); (P.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Joanna Litak
- St. John’s Cancer Center in Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (B.K.); (P.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Cezary Grochowski
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
- Laboratory of Virtual Man, Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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Wang S, Lin B, Liu W, Wei G, Li Z, Yu N, Xue X, Ji G. Acacetin Induces Apoptosis in Human Osteosarcoma Cells by Modulation of ROS/JNK Activation. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:5077-5085. [PMID: 33239866 PMCID: PMC7680676 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s275148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The long-term survival rate of osteosarcoma, which is the most common type of primary malignant bone tumor, has stagnated in past decades. Acacetin is a natural flavonoid compound that has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects and exhibits extensive therapeutic effects on various cancers. In this study, the anticancer potential of acacetin and the underlying molecular mechanisms were examined in human osteosarcoma cells (SJSA and HOS). Materials and Methods HOS and SJSA cell lines were exposed to different concentrations of acacetin. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed by CCK-8 and colony-formation assays. Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining was employed to detect apoptosis. Cell apoptosis was measured by an annexin V-FITC/PI assay by flow cytometry. The alteration in the mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by a JC-1 Assay Kit. Apoptosis-related protein expression was determined by Western blotting. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was detected by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Subsequently, the activation of the ROS/JNK signaling pathway was investigated. Results Acacetin could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in SJSA and HOS cells. The acacetin treatment resulted in the activation of caspase-3, −8, and −9 and cleaved PARP. Further studies showed that acacetin-induced apoptosis was attributed to ROS. In addition, we found that acacetin induced the activation of the downstream c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. Subsequently, after treatment with the ROS scavenger GSH and the JNK inhibitor SP600125, the apoptosis-inducing effect triggered by acacetin was significantly attenuated. Conclusion The results of the present study indicate that acacetin may induce apoptosis to inhibit cell growth by activating the ROS/JNK signaling pathway in SJSA and HOS cells, suggesting that acacetin may be a promising candidate for the management of osteosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Binhui Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojun Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongguang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Naichun Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangrong Ji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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Fu D, Wu D, Cheng W, Gao J, Zhang Z, Ge J, Zhou W, Xu Z. Costunolide Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis by Activating ROS/MAPK Signaling Pathways in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:582273. [PMID: 33194716 PMCID: PMC7649430 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.582273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although costunolide (Cos), a natural sesquiterpene compound isolated from various medicinal plants, exhibits antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in diverse types of cancers, the mechanism associated with the anticancer property of Cos has not been elucidated. The present investigation was carried out to study the anticarcinogenic influence of Cos on kidney cancer cells. Several human renal cancer cell lines were used and biological and molecular studies were conducted. It was found that Cos significantly suppressed renal carcinoma cell growth via stimulation of apoptosis and autophagy in a concentration-dependent manner. Further studies revealed that Cos increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MMP), and enhanced cytoplasmic levels of cytochrome c, and activation of caspase-9, caspase-3, and cleaved PARP, resulting in cell apoptosis. The autophagy induced by Cos resulted from the formation of GFP-LC3 puncta and upregulation of LC3B II and Beclin-1 proteins. Compared with Cos treatment, the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA or ROS scavenger NAC significantly inhibited apoptosis and autophagy. Moreover, NAC and JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 attenuated the effect of Cos. Taken together, Cos exerted autophagic and apoptotic effects on renal cancer through the ROS/JNK-dependent signal route. These findings suggest that Cos could be a beneficial anticarcinogenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Fu
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ding Wu
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianping Gao
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingping Ge
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenquan Zhou
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Yang Y, Wang Q, Song D, Zen R, Zhang L, Wang Y, Yang H, Zhang D, Jia J, Zhang J, Wang J. Lysosomal dysfunction and autophagy blockade contribute to autophagy-related cancer suppressing peptide-induced cytotoxic death of cervical cancer cells through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:197. [PMID: 32962728 PMCID: PMC7510096 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Autophagy is an intracellular process through which intracellular components are recycled in response to nutrient or growth factor deficiency to maintain homeostasis. We identified the peptide autophagy-related cancer-suppressing peptide (ARCSP), a potential antitumor peptide that disrupts intracellular homeostasis by blocking autophagic flux and causes cytotoxic death. Methods The proliferative ability of ARCSP-treated cervical cancer cells was examined by the CCK8, EdU, and colony formation assays. The TUNEL assay was used to detect apoptosis. Mitochondrial function was evaluated based on the mitochondrial membrane potential. Autophagic flux was detected by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. The autophagy-related proteins AMPK, Raptor, mTOR, p62, LC3B, atg7, Rab7, LAMP1, LAMP2, and cathepsin D were detected by Immunoblotting. The antitumor effect of ARCSP was explored in vivo by establishing a transplant tumor model in nude mice. Results The results demonstrated that ARCSP induced cell death and inhibited proliferation. ARCSP induced AMPK/mTOR activation, resulting in the accumulation of the proteins LC3B, p62 and Atg7. ARCSP also blocked autophagosome-lysosome fusion by inhibiting endosomal maturation and increasing the lysosomal pH. The accumulation of nonfused autophagosomes exacerbated cytotoxic death, whereas knocking down Atg7 reversed the cytotoxic death induced by ARCSP. ARCSP-treated cells exhibited increased cytotoxic death after cotreatment with an autophagy inhibitor (Chloroquine CQ). Furthermore, the tumors of ARCSP-treated nude mice were significantly smaller than those of untreated mice. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that ARCSP, a novel lethal nonfused autophagosome inducer, might cause mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy-related cytotoxic death and is thus a prospective agent for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Dongjian Song
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ruirui Zen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yingjun Wang
- Departemnt of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Heying Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Da Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Lu S, Yu L, Liu H. Trimetazidine alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in neonatal mice cardiomyocytes via up-regulating HMGB1 expression to promote autophagy. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:170-179. [PMID: 32757698 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1800736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated the effect of Trimetazidine (TMZ) on alleviating cardiomyocytes Hypoxia/Reoxygenation (H/R) injuries and the protective effect of autophagy on Ischemia-Reperfusion (I/R) cell injuries. However, whether the protection mechanism of TMZ was also involved in autophagy remained unclear. Our study introduces the role of HMGB1 to examine the regulation of TMZ on autophagy against cardiomyocytes H/R injuries. After cell extraction and identification through anti-α-actin staining, the cardiomyocytes were made hypoxic and reoxygenated, each for 3 h, and then treated with various concentrations of TMZ and transfected with siHMGB1. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by the MTS method and flow cytometry, respectively. The expressions of autophagy-related factors (LC3-I, LC3-II, Beclin-1) and HMGB1 were detected by Western blot and qPCR. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was assessed by ELISA kit. The cardiomyocytes were extracted. H/R decreased the cell viability and increased the LDH level and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. TMZ had no effect on untreated cardiomyocytes, but it reversed the adverse impact of H/R on cardiomyocytes. The expressions of LC3-II, Beclin-1, and HMGB1 and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I were increased in H/R-processed cardiomyocytes and further raised by TMZ pretreatment. However, siHMGB1 transfection aggravated the impact of H/R on cardiomyocytes and suppressed the protective effects of TMZ on H/R damaged cardiomyocytes by increasing the LDH level and apoptosis and reducing the viability of cardiomyocytes. Autophagy was inhibited by siHMGB1 in TMZ-pretreated and H/R-processed cardiomyocytes. TMZ protected cardiomyocytes against H/R injuries may through regulating HMGB1 to increase the impact of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lifei Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Comparative Study of Protective Action of Exogenous 2-Cys Peroxiredoxins (Prx1 and Prx2) Under Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080680. [PMID: 32751232 PMCID: PMC7465264 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injuries is based on oxidative stress caused by a sharp increase in the concentration of free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and secondary products of free radical oxidation of biological macromolecules during reperfusion. Application of exogenous antioxidants lowers the level of ROS in the affected tissues, suppresses or adjusts the course of oxidative stress, thereby substantially reducing the severity of I/R injury. We believe that the use of antioxidant enzymes may be the most promising line of effort since they possess higher efficiency than low molecular weight antioxidants. Among antioxidant enzymes, of great interest are peroxiredoxins (Prx1–6) which reduce a wide range of organic and inorganic peroxide substrates. In an animal model of bilateral I/R injury of kidneys (using histological, biochemical, and molecular biological methods) it was shown that intravenous administration of recombinant typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (Prx1 and Prx2) effectively reduces the severity of I/R damage, contributing to the normalization of the structural and functional state of the kidneys and an almost 2-fold increase in the survival of experimental animals. The use of recombinant Prx1 or Prx2 can be an efficient approach for the prevention and treatment of renal I/R injury.
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Wallings RL, Herrick MK, Tansey MG. LRRK2 at the Interface Between Peripheral and Central Immune Function in Parkinson's. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:443. [PMID: 32508566 PMCID: PMC7253584 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly accepted that there is an interplay between the peripheral immune response and neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mutations in the leucine-rich-repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are associated with familial and sporadic cases of PD but are also found in immune-related disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and leprosy. Furthermore, LRRK2 has been associated with bacterial infections such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Salmonella typhimurium. Recent evidence suggests a role of LRRK2 in the regulation of the immune system and modulation of inflammatory responses, at a systemic level, with LRRK2 functionally implicated in both the immune system of the central nervous system (CNS) and the periphery. It has therefore been suggested that peripheral immune signaling may play an important role in the regulation of neurodegeneration in LRRK2 as well as non-LRRK2-associated PD. This review will discuss the current evidence for this hypothesis and will provide compelling rationale for placing LRRK2 at the interface between peripheral immune responses and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Wallings
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mary K. Herrick
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Malú Gámez Tansey
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Dasari S, Bakthavachalam V, Chinnapaka S, Venkatesan R, Samy ALPA, Munirathinam G. Neferine, an alkaloid from lotus seed embryo targets HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cells via pro-oxidant anticancer mechanism. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2366-2384. [PMID: 32364634 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis and autophagy are important processes that control cellular homeostasis and have been highlighted as promising targets for novel anticancer drugs. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of Neferine (Nef), an alkaloid from the lotus seed embryos of Nelumbo nucifera (N. nucifera), as a dual inducer of apoptosis and autophagy through the reactive oxygen species (ROS) activation in cervical cancer cells. Nef and N. nucifera extract suppressed the cell viability of HeLa and SiHa cells in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, Nef showed minimal toxicity to normal cells. Furthermore, Nef inhibited anchorage-independent growth, colony formation and migration ability of cervical cancer cells. Nef induces mitochondrial apoptosis by increasing pro-apoptotic protein bax, cytochrome-c, cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9, poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage, DNA damage (pH2 AX) while downregulating Bcl-2, procaspase-3 and procaspase-9, and TCTP. Of note, apoptotic effect by Nef was significantly attenuated in the presence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), suggesting pro-oxidant activity of this compound. Nef also promoted autophagy induction through increasing beclin-1, atg-4, atg-5 and atg-12, LC-3 activation, and P 62/SQSTM1 as determined by western blot analysis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Nef is a potent anticancer compound against cervical cancer cells through inducing apoptosis and autophagic pathway involving ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanyam Dasari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, Illinois, USA
| | - Velavan Bakthavachalam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, Illinois, USA
| | - Somaiah Chinnapaka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, Illinois, USA
| | - Reshmii Venkatesan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, Illinois, USA
| | - Angela L P A Samy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, Illinois, USA
| | - Gnanasekar Munirathinam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, Illinois, USA
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Size of portally deprived liver lobe after portal vein ligation and additional partial hepatectomy: Result of balancing proliferation and apoptosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4893. [PMID: 32184404 PMCID: PMC7078252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver has the ability to maintain its total size by adjusting the size of the individual liver lobes differently in response to regeneration- and atrophy-stimuli. Portal vein ligation (PVL) drives the ligated lobe to undergo atrophy whereas partial hepatectomy (PHx) drives the total remnant liver to regenerate. We hypothesize that the size of the PVL-lobe is dependent on the balance between the extent of PVL and the extent of PHx inducing a complex interplay between hepatocyte proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy. Lewis-rats were subjected to either 20%PVL + 70%PHx or 70%PVL + 20%PHx. Control groups consisted of 20%PVL and 70%PVL. Liver lobe weight, BrdU-proliferation-index, proliferating-cell-nuclear-antigen-mRNA-expression level, apoptotic density and autophagy-related-proteins were investigated. The PVL-liver lobe adjusted its weight differently, increasing by 40% after 20%PVL + 70%PHx, but decreasing by 25% after 70%PVL + 20%PHx. Additional resection induced a low, but substantial size-dependent hepatocyte proliferation rate (maximal 6.3% and 3.6% vs. 0.3% and significantly suppressed apoptotic density in the deportalized-liver-lobe (3 and 14 cells/mm2 comparing with above 26 cells/mm2, p < 0.01). Autophagy was more activated in PVL-liver lobe after simultaneous PHx than after PVL only. In summary, atrophy of the PVL-liver lobe after simultaneous PHx was counteracted by promoting hepatocyte proliferation, inducing autophagy and suppressing apoptosis in a PHx-extent-dependent manner.
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LRRK2 regulation of immune-pathways and inflammatory disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1581-1595. [PMID: 31769472 PMCID: PMC6925522 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the leucine-rich-repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are associated with familial and sporadic cases of Parkinson's disease but are also found in immune-related disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease, tuberculosis and leprosy. LRRK2 is highly expressed in immune cells and has been functionally linked to pathways pertinent to immune cell function, such as cytokine release, autophagy and phagocytosis. Here, we examine the current understanding of the role of LRRK2 kinase activity in pathway regulation in immune cells, drawing upon data from multiple diseases associated with LRRK2 to highlight the pleiotropic effects of LRRK2 in different cell types. We discuss the role of the bona fide LRRK2 substrate, Rab GTPases, in LRRK2 pathway regulation as well as downstream events in the autophagy and inflammatory pathways.
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46
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Zhou Y, Wang L, Wang C, Wu Y, Chen D, Lee TH. Potential implications of hydrogen peroxide in the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of gliomas. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:187-203. [PMID: 31956964 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of primary brain tumor, and it has a high mortality rate. Currently, there are only a few therapeutic approaches for gliomas, and their effects are unsatisfactory. Therefore, uncovering the pathogenesis and exploring more therapeutic strategies for the treatment of gliomas are urgently needed to overcome the ongoing challenges. Cellular redox imbalance has been shown to be associated with the initiation and progression of gliomas. Among reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is considered the most suitable for redox signaling and is a potential candidate as a key molecule that determines the fate of cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the potential cellular and molecular roles of H2O2 in gliomagenesis and explore the potential implications of H2O2 in radiotherapy and chemotherapy and in the ongoing challenges of current glioma treatment. Moreover, we evaluate H2O2 as a potential redox sensor and potential driver molecule of nanocatalytic therapeutic strategies for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases of Fujian Provincial Universities and Colleges, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Long Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Chaojia Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yilin Wu
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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Li S, Zhao Q, Zhang K, Sun W, Jia X, Yang Y, Yin J, Tang C, Zhang J. Se deficiency induces renal pathological changes by regulating selenoprotein expression, disrupting redox balance, and activating inflammation. Metallomics 2020; 12:1576-1584. [PMID: 32869810 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00165a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is closely associated with kidney disease, and renal injury often occurs together with hyposelenemia. This study was designed to reveal the mechanism underlying renal injury induced by Se deficiency in pigs. Twenty-four castrated male Yorkshire pigs were divided into two groups fed either a Se-deficient diet (0.007 mg Se per kg) or a Se-adequate diet (0.3 mg Se per kg). Serum and kidney samples were collected at the 16th week of the trial, processed, and analyzed for serum biochemistry, Se concentration, kidney index markers, histology, selenoprotein mRNA expression, redox status, and inflammatory cytokines. Dietary Se deficiency induced kidney injury, decreased (P < 0.05) Se concentrations, and increased (P < 0.05) kidney index and serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and carbon dioxide values. Histological analysis indicated that Se deficiency induced inflammatory lesions and renal tubular atrophy in the renal medulla. Se deficiency downregulated (P < 0.05) nine selenoprotein genes (GPX1, SELENOW, SELENOH, SELENOP, GPX3, TXNRD2, SELENOI, SELENON, and SELENOM) and upregulated (P < 0.05) SEPHS2 in the kidneys. Se deficiency decreased (P < 0.05) the activity of glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, and catalase, as well as the hydroxyl radical inhibition capacity, and increased (P < 0.05) the content of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide. Se deficiency increased (P < 0.05) the expression of the transcription factors NF-κB and HIF-1α, and regulated inflammatory cytokines. Se deficiency increased (P < 0.05) the expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-17, and cyclooxygenase-2, and decreased (P < 0.05) the expression of IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-β. These results indicated that Se deficiency induces kidney injury through the regulation of selenoproteins, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China and Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. and Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. and Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. and Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xueting Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. and Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. and Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. and Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. and Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Luo J, Yan D, Li S, Liu S, Zeng F, Cheung CW, Liu H, Irwin MG, Huang H, Xia Z. Allopurinol reduces oxidative stress and activates Nrf2/p62 to attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:1760-1773. [PMID: 31856386 PMCID: PMC6991641 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Allopurinol (ALP) attenuates oxidative stress and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), but the mechanism is unclear. Activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) following the disassociation with its repressor Keap1 under oxidative stress can maintain inner redox homeostasis and attenuate DCM with concomitant attenuation of autophagy. We postulated that ALP treatment may activate Nrf2 to mitigate autophagy over‐activation and consequently attenuate DCM. Streptozotocin‐induced type 1 diabetic rats were untreated or treated with ALP (100 mg/kg/d) for 4 weeks and terminated after heart function measurements by echocardiography and pressure‐volume conductance system. Cardiomyocyte H9C2 cells infected with Nrf2 siRNA or not were incubated with high glucose (HG, 25 mmol/L) concomitantly with ALP treatment. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase, 15‐F2t‐Isoprostane and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured with colorimetric enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. ROS, apoptosis, was assessed by dihydroethidium staining and TUNEL, respectively. The Western blot and qRT‐PCR were used to assess protein and mRNA variations. Diabetic rats showed significant reductions in heart rate (HR), left ventricular eject fraction (LVEF), stroke work (SW) and cardiac output (CO), left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVVs) as compared to non‐diabetic control and ALP improved or normalized HR, LVEF, SW, CO and LVVs in diabetic rats (all P < .05). Hearts of diabetic rats displayed excessive oxidative stress manifested as increased levels of 15‐F2t‐Isoprostane and superoxide anion production, increased apoptotic cell death and cardiomyocytes autophagy that were concomitant with reduced expressions of Nrf2, heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and Keap1. ALP reverted all the above‐mentioned diabetes‐induced biochemical changes except that it did not affect the levels of Keap1. In vitro, ALP increased Nrf2 and reduced the hyperglycaemia‐induced increases of H9C2 cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy, and enhanced cellular viability. Nrf2 gene silence cancelled these protective effects of ALP in H9C2 cells. Activation of Nrf2 subsequent to the suppression of Keap1 and the mitigation of autophagy over‐activation may represent major mechanisms whereby ALP attenuates DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jierong Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Wai Cheung
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Michael G Irwin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huansen Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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He K, Tang Q, Gong M, Yang S, Chen X, Zhu H, Liu D, Huang B. A transcriptomic study of selenium against liver injury induced by beta-cypermethrin in mice by RNA-seq. Funct Integr Genomics 2019; 20:343-353. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-019-00719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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50
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Jeong MS, Jung JH, Lee H, Kim CG, Kim SH. Methyloleanolate Induces Apoptotic And Autophagic Cell Death Via Reactive Oxygen Species Generation And c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Phosphorylation. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8621-8635. [PMID: 31695422 PMCID: PMC6815788 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s211904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To develop a potent anticancer agent similar to oleanolate, the underlying mechanisms of its derivative, methyloleanolate, in the apoptosis and autophagy of A549 and H1299 cells were elucidated. Purpose The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of methyloleanolate in inducing apoptotic and autophagic cell death in cancer cells. Materials and methods Flow cytometric analysis with Annexin V/PI staining, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence analysis were conducted in A549 and H1299 cells. Results Methyloleanolate increased the fraction of Annexin V/PI apoptotic cells and activated caspase-8, caspase-3, and death receptor 5 (DR5) more than oleanolate in A549 and H1299 cells pretreated with pancaspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk and DR5 depletion. Also, methyloleanolate induced autophagic features of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 3BII (LC3BII) conversion and puncta in A549 and H1299 cells, along with autophagosomes and vacuoles. Methyloleanolate blocked autophagy flux for impaired autophagy and chloroquine (CQ)-enhanced microtubule-associated protein LC3BII accumulation and cytotoxicity in A549 and H1299 cells, although 3-methyladenine (3-MA) did not. Interestingly, LC3BII accumulation was detected only in methyloleanolate-treated autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5)+/+ mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells but not in ATG5 -/- MEF cells. Methyloleanolate reduced p-mTOR but activated p-c-Jun N-terminal kinases and reactive oxygen species production in A549 and H1299 cells. Conversely, n-acetyl-l-cysteine and SP600125 blocked apoptotic and autophagic cascades caused by methyloleanolate in A549 and H1299 cells. Conclusion Overall, the findings suggest that methyloleanolate induces apoptotic and autophagic cell death in non-small cell lung cancers via reactive oxygen species generation and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Seok Jeong
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Geun Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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