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Linares E, Severino D, Truzzi DR, Rios N, Radi R, Augusto O. Production of Peroxymonocarbonate by Steady-State Micromolar H 2O 2 and Activated Macrophages in the Presence of CO 2/HCO 3- Evidenced by Boronate Probes. Chem Res Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38916595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Peroxymonocarbonate (HCO4-/HOOCO2-) is produced by the reversible reaction of CO2/HCO3- with H2O2 (K = 0.33 M-1, pH 7.0). Although produced in low yields at physiological pHs and H2O2 and CO2/HCO3- concentrations, HCO4- oxidizes most nucleophiles with rate constants 10 to 100 times higher than those of H2O2. Boronate probes are known examples because HCO4- reacts with coumarin-7-boronic acid pinacolate ester (CBE) with a rate constant that is approximately 100 times higher than that of H2O2 and the same holds for fluorescein-boronate (Fl-B) as reported here. Therefore, we tested whether boronate probes could provide evidence for HCO4- formation under biologically relevant conditions. Glucose/glucose oxidase/catalase were adjusted to produce low steady-state H2O2 concentrations (2-18 μM) in Pi buffer at pH 7.4 and 37 °C. Then, CBE (100 μM) was added and fluorescence increase was monitored with time. The results showed that each steady-state H2O2 concentration reacted more rapidly (∼30%) in the presence of CO2/HCO3- (25 mM) than in its absence, and the data permitted the calculation of consistent rate constants. Also, RAW 264.7 macrophages were activated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (1 μg/mL) at pH 7.4 and 37 °C to produce a time-dependent H2O2 concentration (8.0 ± 2.5 μM after 60 min). The media contained 0, 21.6, or 42.2 mM HCO3- equilibrated with 0, 5, or 10% CO2, respectively. In the presence of CBE or Fl-B (30 μM), a time-dependent increase in the fluorescence of the bulk solution was observed, which was higher in the presence of CO2/HCO3- in a concentration-dependent manner. The Fl-B samples were also examined by fluorescence microscopy. Our results demonstrated that mammalian cells produce HCO4- and boronate probes can evidence and distinguish it from H2O2 under biologically relevant concentrations of H2O2 and CO2/HCO3-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edlaine Linares
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Divinomar Severino
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela R Truzzi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ohara Augusto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
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2
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Kim J, Yoo J, Kim B, Lee KW, Kim S, Hong S, Kim JS. An AIE-based fluorescent probe to detect peroxynitrite levels in human serum and its cellular imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5443-5446. [PMID: 38686636 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01231c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
An AIE-based fluorescent probe was designed to evaluate peroxynitrite levels in complex biological samples. The newly synthesized hydrazone-conjugated probe fluoresces strongly in the presence of peroxynitrite. Clinically, the peroxynitrite levels can be measured in human serum and cellular mitochondria with an LOD of 6.5 nM by fluorescence imaging in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| | - Jiyoung Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| | - Byungkook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
| | - Sunghyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
| | - Sukwon Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea.
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3
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Siarkiewicz P, Luzak B, Michalski R, Artelska A, Szala M, Przygodzki T, Sikora A, Zielonka J, Grzelakowska A, Podsiadły R. Evaluation of a novel pyridinium cation-linked styryl-based boronate probe for the detection of selected inflammation-related oxidants. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 212:255-270. [PMID: 38122872 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are a range of chemical individuals produced by living cells that contribute to the proper functioning of organisms. Cells under oxidative and nitrative stress show excessive production of RONS (including hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, hypochlorous acid, HOCl, and peroxynitrite, ONOO-) which may result in a damage proteins, lipids, and genetic material. Thus, the development of probes for in vivo detection of such oxidants is an active area of research, focusing on molecular redox sensors, including boronate-caged fluorophores. Here, we report a boronate-based styryl probe with a cationic pyridinium moiety (BANEP+) for the fluorescent detection of selected biological oxidants in vitro and in vivo. We compare the chemical reactivity of the BANEP+ probe toward H2O2, HOCl, and ONOO- and examine the influence of the major intracellular non-enzymatic antioxidant molecule, glutathione (GSH). We demonstrate that, at the physiologically relevant GSH concentration, the BANEP+ probe is efficiently oxidized by peroxynitrite, forming its phenolic derivative HNEP+. GSH does not affect the fluorescence properties of the BANEP+ and HNEP+ dyes. Finally, we report the identification of a novel type of molecular marker, with the boronate moiety replaced by the iodine atom, formed from the probe in the presence of HOCl and iodide anion. We conclude that the reported chemical reactivity and structural features of the BANEP+ probe may be a basis for the development of new red fluorescent probes for in vitro and in vivo detection of ONOO-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Siarkiewicz
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Bogusława Luzak
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Michalski
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Angelika Artelska
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Szala
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Przygodzki
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Cancer Center Translational Metabolomics Shared Resource, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Aleksandra Grzelakowska
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Podsiadły
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland.
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4
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Casella AC, Prolo C, Pereyra J, Ríos N, Piacenza L, Radi R, Álvarez MN. Superoxide, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite production by macrophages under different physiological oxygen tensions. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 212:330-335. [PMID: 38141888 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages count on two O2-consuming enzymes to form reactive radical species: NAPDH oxidase 2 (Nox2) and nitric oxide synthase 2 (inducible isoform, iNOS) that produce superoxide radical (O2•-) and nitric oxide (•NO), respectively. If formed simultaneously, the diffusion-controlled reaction of O2•- and •NO yields peroxynitrite, a potent cytotoxic oxidant. In human tissues and cells, the oxygen partial pressure (pO2) normally ranges within 2-14 %, with a typical average pO2 value for most tissues ca. 5 %. Given that O2 is a substrate for both Nox2 and iNOS, its tissue and cellular concentration can affect O2•- and •NO production. Also, O2 is a modulator of the macrophage adaptative response and may influence iNOS expression in a hypoxia inducible factor 1-α (HIF1α-)-dependent manner. However, most of the reported experiments in cellula, analyzing the formation and effects of O2•- and •NO during macrophage activation and cytotoxicity towards pathogens, have been performed in cells exposed to atmospheric air supplemented with 5 % CO2; under these conditions, most cells are exposed to supraphysiologic oxygen tensions (ca. 20 % O2) which are far from the physiological pO2. Here, the role of O2 as substrate in the oxidative response of J774A.1 macrophages was explored upon exposure to different pO2 and O2•- and •NO formation rates were measured, obtaining a KM of 26 and 42 μM O2 for Nox2 and iNOS, respectively. Consequently, peroxynitrite formation was influenced by pO2, reaching a maximum at ≥ 10 % O2, but even at levels as low as 2 % O2, a substantial formation rate of this oxidant was detected. Indeed, the cytotoxic capacity of immunostimulated macrophages against the intracellular parasite T. cruzi was significant, even at low pO2 values, confirming the role of peroxynitrite as a potent oxidizing cytotoxin within a wide range of physiological oxygen tensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Casella
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Prolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Josefina Pereyra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Ríos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Piacenza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - María Noel Álvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Educación Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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5
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Beam JE, Wagner NJ, Lu KY, Parsons JB, Fowler VG, Rowe SE, Conlon BP. Inflammasome-mediated glucose limitation induces antibiotic tolerance in Staphylococcus aureus. iScience 2023; 26:107942. [PMID: 37790275 PMCID: PMC10543182 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading human pathogen that frequently causes relapsing infections. The failure of antibiotics to eradicate infection contributes to infection relapse. Host-pathogen interactions have a substantial impact on antibiotic susceptibility and the formation of antibiotic tolerant cells. In this study, we interrogate how a major S. aureus virulence factor, α-toxin, interacts with macrophages to alter the microenvironment of the pathogen, thereby influencing its susceptibility to antibiotics. We find α-toxin-mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome induces antibiotic tolerance. Induction of tolerance is driven by increased glycolysis in the host cells, resulting in glucose limitation and ATP depletion in S. aureus. Additionally, inhibition of NLRP3 activation improves antibiotic efficacy in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that this strategy has potential as a host-directed therapeutic to improve outcomes. Our findings identify interactions between S. aureus and the host that result in metabolic crosstalk that can determine the outcome of antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna E. Beam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nikki J. Wagner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kuan-Yi Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joshua B. Parsons
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Vance G. Fowler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah E. Rowe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Brian P. Conlon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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6
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Ji X, Zhou J, Liu C, Zhang J, Dong X, Zhang F, Zhao W. Regulating the activity of boronate moiety to construct fluorescent probes for the detection of ONOO -in vitro and in vivo. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:5027-5033. [PMID: 36468627 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01727j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal intracellular peroxynitrite (ONOO-) concentration is related to oxidative damage, which is correlated with many pathological consequences, such as local inflammation and other diseases. In this work, a series of resorufin benzyl ether-based fluorescent probes were designed using boronate as a recognizing moiety installed on a phenyl moiety for ONOO- detection via a self-immolation mechanism. The location of the boronate as well as the substitution patterns on the phenyl moiety were investigated and the responding behaviors of the designed probes to ONOO-, other reactive oxygen species, and biothiols were examined. It was found that all the immolative probes were inevitably dominated by ONOO-. Compared with other probes, p-Borate possessed favorable selectivity and high sensitivity to ONOO-. Moreover, p-Borate was successfully used to detect ONOO- in cells and inflamed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China.
| | - Junliang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China.
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochun Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China.
| | - Fuli Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China.
| | - Weili Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
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7
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Michalski R, Smulik-Izydorczyk R, Pięta J, Rola M, Artelska A, Pierzchała K, Zielonka J, Kalyanaraman B, Sikora AB. The Chemistry of HNO: Mechanisms and Reaction Kinetics. Front Chem 2022; 10:930657. [PMID: 35864868 PMCID: PMC9294461 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.930657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Azanone (HNO, also known as nitroxyl) is the protonated form of the product of one-electron reduction of nitric oxide (•NO), and an elusive electrophilic reactive nitrogen species of increasing pharmacological significance. Over the past 20 years, the interest in the biological chemistry of HNO has increased significantly due to the numerous beneficial pharmacological effects of its donors. Increased availability of various HNO donors was accompanied by great progress in the understanding of HNO chemistry and chemical biology. This review is focused on the chemistry of HNO, with emphasis on reaction kinetics and mechanisms in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Michalski
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Jakub Pięta
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Rola
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Angelika Artelska
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Pierzchała
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Adam Bartłomiej Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Adam Bartłomiej Sikora,
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8
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Pierzchała K, Pięta M, Rola M, Świerczyńska M, Artelska A, Dębowska K, Podsiadły R, Pięta J, Zielonka J, Sikora A, Marcinek A, Michalski R. Fluorescent probes for monitoring myeloperoxidase-derived hypochlorous acid: a comparative study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9314. [PMID: 35660769 PMCID: PMC9166712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MPO-derived oxidants including HOCl contribute to tissue damage and the initiation and propagation of inflammatory diseases. The search for small molecule inhibitors of myeloperoxidase, as molecular tools and potential drugs, requires the application of high throughput screening assays based on monitoring the activity of myeloperoxidase. In this study, we have compared three classes of fluorescent probes for monitoring myeloperoxidase-derived hypochlorous acid, including boronate-, aminophenyl- and thiol-based fluorogenic probes and we show that all three classes of probes are suitable for this purpose. However, probes based on the coumarin fluorophore turned out to be not reliable indicators of the inhibitors’ potency. We have also determined the rate constants of the reaction between HOCl and the probes and they are equal to 1.8 × 104 M−1s−1 for coumarin boronic acid (CBA), 1.1 × 104 M−1s−1 for fluorescein based boronic acid (FLBA), 3.1 × 104 M−1s−1 for 7-(p-aminophenyl)-coumarin (APC), 1.6 × 104 M−1s−1 for 3’-(p-aminophenyl)-fluorescein (APF), and 1 × 107 M−1s−1 for 4-thiomorpholino-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-TM). The high reaction rate constant of NBD-TM with HOCl makes this probe the most reliable tool to monitor HOCl formation in the presence of compounds showing HOCl-scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Pierzchała
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marlena Pięta
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Rola
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Świerczyńska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Angelika Artelska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Dębowska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Podsiadły
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Pięta
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Adam Sikora
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marcinek
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Michalski
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
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9
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Piacenza L, Zeida A, Trujillo M, Radi R. The superoxide radical switch in the biology of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1881-1906. [PMID: 35605280 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucìa Piacenza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Ari Zeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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10
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Yamasaki T, Sano K, Mukai T. Redox Monitoring in Nuclear Medical Imaging. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:797-810. [PMID: 34847731 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The imbalance in redox homeostasis is known as oxidative stress, which is relevant to many diseases such as cancer, arteriosclerosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the factors that trigger the redox state imbalance in vivo. The ROS have high reactivity and impair biomolecules, whereas antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes, such as ascorbate and glutathione, reduce the overproduction of ROS to rectify the redox imbalance. Owing to this, redox monitoring tools have been developed to understand the redox fluctuations in oxidative stress-related diseases. Recent Advances: In an attempt to monitor redox substances, including ROS and radical species, versatile modalities have been developed, such as electron spin resonance, chemiluminescence, and fluorescence. In particular, many fluorescent probes have been developed that are selective for ROS. This has significantly contributed to understanding the relevance of ROS in disease onset and progression. Critical Issues: To date, the dynamics of ROS and radical fluctuation in in vivo redox states remain unclear, and there are a few methods for the in vivo detection of redox fluctuations. Future Directions: In this review, we summarize the development of radiolabeled probes for monitoring redox-relevant species by nuclear medical imaging that is applicable in vivo. In the future, translational research is likely to be advanced through the development of highly sensitive and in vivo applicable detection methods, such as nuclear medical imaging, to clarify the underlying dynamics of ROS, radicals, and redox substances in many diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 797-810.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kohei Sano
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mukai
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
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11
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Grzelakowska A, Modrzejewska J, Kolińska J, Szala M, Zielonka M, Dębowska K, Zakłos-Szyda M, Sikora A, Zielonka J, Podsiadły R. Water-soluble cationic boronate probe based on coumarin imidazolium scaffold: Synthesis, characterization, and application to cellular peroxynitrite detection. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:34-46. [PMID: 34923103 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) has been implicated in numerous pathologies associated with an inflammatory component, but its selective and sensitive detection in biological settings remains a challenge. Here, the development of a new water-soluble and cationic boronate probe based on a coumarin-imidazolium scaffold (CI-Bz-BA) for the fluorescent detection of ONOO- in cells is reported. The chemical reactivity of the CI-Bz-BA probe toward selected oxidants known to react with the boronate moiety was characterized, and the suitability of the probe for the direct detection of ONOO- in cell-free and cellular system is reported. Oxidation of the probe results in the formation of the primary hydroxybenzyl product (CI-Bz-OH), followed by the spontaneous elimination of the quinone methide moiety to produce the secondary phenol (CI-OH), which is accompanied by a red shift in the fluorescence emission band from 405 nm to 481 nm. CI-Bz-BA reacts with ONOO- stoichiometrically with a rate constant of ∼1 × 106 M-1s-1 to form, in addition to the major phenolic product CI-OH, the minor nitrated product CI-Bz-NO2, which is not formed by other oxidants tested or via myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation/nitration. Both CI-OH and CI-Bz-NO2 products were also formed in the presence of cogenerated fluxes of nitric oxide and superoxide radical anion produced during decomposition of a SIN-1 donor. Using RAW 264.7 cells, we demonstrate the ability of the probe to report endogenously produced ONOO-via fluorescence measurements, including plate reader real time monitoring and two-photon fluorescence imaging. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses of cell extracts and media confirmed the formation of both CI-OH and CI-Bz-NO2 in macrophages activated to produce ONOO-. We propose the use of a combination of real-time monitoring of probe oxidation using fluorimetry and fluorescence microscopy with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based product identification for rigorous detection and quantitative analyses of ONOO- in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Grzelakowska
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Julia Modrzejewska
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Kolińska
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marcin Szala
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Monika Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, United States.
| | - Karolina Dębowska
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Adam Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, United States.
| | - Radosław Podsiadły
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537, Lodz, Poland.
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12
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Bolland H, Hammond EM, Sedgwick AC. A Fluorescent Probe Strategy for the Detection and Discrimination of Hydrogen Peroxide and Peroxynitrite in Cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10699-10702. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03406a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aryl boronate fluorescent probes allow the non-invasive study of dynamic cellular processes involving the reactive species, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-). However, the ability of these probes to differentiate...
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13
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Gatin-Fraudet B, Ottenwelter R, Le Saux T, Norsikian S, Pucher M, Lombès T, Baron A, Durand P, Doisneau G, Bourdreux Y, Iorga BI, Erard M, Jullien L, Guianvarc'h D, Urban D, Vauzeilles B. Evaluation of borinic acids as new, fast hydrogen peroxide-responsive triggers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2107503118. [PMID: 34873034 PMCID: PMC8685692 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107503118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is responsible for numerous damages when overproduced, and its detection is crucial for a better understanding of H2O2-mediated signaling in physiological and pathological processes. For this purpose, various "off-on" small fluorescent probes relying on a boronate trigger have been prepared, and this design has also been involved in the development of H2O2-activated prodrugs or theranostic tools. However, this design suffers from slow kinetics, preventing activation by H2O2 with a short response time. Therefore, faster H2O2-reactive groups are awaited. To address this issue, we have successfully developed and characterized a prototypic borinic-based fluorescent probe containing a coumarin scaffold. We determined its in vitro kinetic constants toward H2O2-promoted oxidation. We measured 1.9 × 104 m-1⋅s-1 as a second-order rate constant, which is 10,000-fold faster than its well-established boronic counterpart (1.8 m-1⋅s-1). This improved reactivity was also effective in a cellular context, rendering borinic acids an advantageous trigger for H2O2-mediated release of effectors such as fluorescent moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise Gatin-Fraudet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8182, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Roxane Ottenwelter
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Thomas Le Saux
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
| | - Stéphanie Norsikian
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Mathilde Pucher
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8182, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Thomas Lombès
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Aurélie Baron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Philippe Durand
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Gilles Doisneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8182, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Yann Bourdreux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8182, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Bogdan I Iorga
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Marie Erard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, UMR CNRS 8000, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75005, France
| | - Dominique Guianvarc'h
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8182, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Dominique Urban
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR CNRS 8182, Orsay 91405, France;
| | - Boris Vauzeilles
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France;
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Kinetic Study on the Reactivity of Azanone (HNO) toward Cyclic C-Nucleophiles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312982. [PMID: 34884784 PMCID: PMC8657990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Azanone (HNO) is an elusive electrophilic reactive nitrogen species of growing pharmacological and biological significance. Here, we present a comparative kinetic study of HNO reactivity toward selected cyclic C-nucleophiles under aqueous conditions at pH 7.4. We applied the competition kinetics method, which is based on the use of a fluorescein-derived boronate probe FlBA and two parallel HNO reactions: with the studied scavenger or with O2 (k = 1.8 × 104 M−1s−1). We determined the second-order rate constants of HNO reactions with 13 structurally diverse C-nucleophiles (k = 33–20,000 M−1s−1). The results show that the reactivity of HNO toward C-nucleophiles depends strongly on the structure of the scavenger. The data are supported with quantum mechanical calculations. A comprehensive discussion of the HNO reaction with C-nucleophiles is provided.
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15
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Maslah H, Skarbek C, Gourson C, Plamont MA, Pethe S, Jullien L, Le Saux T, Labruère R. In-Cell Generation of Anticancer Phenanthridine Through Bioorthogonal Cyclization in Antitumor Prodrug Development. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24043-24047. [PMID: 34487611 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological inactivation of antitumor drugs toward healthy cells is a critical factor in prodrug development. Typically, pharmaceutical chemists graft temporary moieties to existing antitumor drugs to reduce their pharmacological activity. Here, we report a platform able to generate the cytotoxic agent by intramolecular cyclization. Using phenanthridines as cytotoxic model compounds, we designed ring-opened biaryl precursors that generated the phenanthridines through bioorthogonal irreversible imination. This reaction was triggered by reactive oxygen species, commonly overproduced in cancer cells, able to convert a vinyl boronate ester function into a ketone that subsequently reacted with a pendant aniline. An inactive precursor was shown to engender a cytotoxic phenanthridine against KB cancer cells. Moreover, the kinetic of cyclization of this prodrug was extremely rapid inside living cells of KB cancer spheroids so as to circumvent drug action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Maslah
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Charles Skarbek
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Catherine Gourson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Marie-Aude Plamont
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Pethe
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Le Saux
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Labruère
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
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16
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Maslah H, Skarbek C, Gourson C, Plamont M, Pethe S, Jullien L, Le Saux T, Labruère R. In‐Cell Generation of Anticancer Phenanthridine Through Bioorthogonal Cyclization in Antitumor Prodrug Development. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Maslah
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Charles Skarbek
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Catherine Gourson
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Marie‐Aude Plamont
- PASTEUR Département de chimie École normale supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Stéphanie Pethe
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- PASTEUR Département de chimie École normale supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Thomas Le Saux
- PASTEUR Département de chimie École normale supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Raphaël Labruère
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay 91405 Orsay France
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17
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Condeles AL, Toledo Junior JC. The Labile Iron Pool Reacts Rapidly and Catalytically with Peroxynitrite. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1331. [PMID: 34572543 PMCID: PMC8466499 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While investigating peroxynitrite-dependent oxidation in murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, we observed that removal of the Labile Iron Pool (LIP) by chelation increases the intracellular oxidation of the fluorescent indicator H2DCF, so we concluded that the LIP reacts with peroxynitrite and decreases the yield of peroxynitrite-derived oxidants. This was a paradigm-shifting finding in LIP biochemistry and raised many questions. In this follow-up study, we address fundamental properties of the interaction between the LIP and peroxynitrite by using the same cellular model and fluorescence methodology. We have identified that the reaction between the LIP and peroxynitrite has catalytic characteristics, and we have estimated that the rate constant of the reaction is in the range of 106 to 107 M-1s-1. Together, these observations suggest that the LIP represents a constitutive peroxynitrite reductase system in RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Carlos Toledo Junior
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil;
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18
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Prolo C, Estrada D, Piacenza L, Benítez D, Comini MA, Radi R, Álvarez MN. Nox2-derived superoxide radical is crucial to control acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102085. [PMID: 34454164 PMCID: PMC8397891 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is a flagellated protozoan that undergoes a complex life cycle between hematophagous insects and mammals. In humans, this parasite causes Chagas disease, which in thirty percent of those infected, would result in serious chronic pathologies and even death. Macrophages participate in the first stages of infection, mounting a cytotoxic response which promotes massive oxidative damage to the parasite. On the other hand, T. cruzi is equipped with a robust antioxidant system to repeal the oxidative attack from macrophages. This work was conceived to explicitly assess the role of mammalian cell-derived superoxide radical in a murine model of acute infection by T. cruzi. Macrophages derived from Nox2-deficient (gp91phox-/-) mice produced marginal amounts of superoxide radical and were more susceptible to parasite infection than those derived from wild type (wt) animals. Also, the lack of superoxide radical led to an impairment of parasite differentiation inside gp91phox-/- macrophages. Biochemical or genetic reconstitution of intraphagosomal superoxide radical formation in gp91phox-/- macrophages reverted the lack of control of infection. Along the same line, gp91phox-/- infected mice died shortly after infection. In spite of the higher lethality, parasitemia did not differ between gp91phox-/- and wt animals, recapitulating an observation that has led to conflicting interpretations about the importance of the mammalian oxidative response against T. cruzi. Importantly, gp91phox-/- mice presented higher and disseminated tissue parasitism, as evaluated by both qPCR- and bioimaging-based methodologies. Thus, this work supports that Nox2-derived superoxide radical plays a crucial role to control T. cruzi infection in the early phase of a murine model of Chagas disease. Nox2 derived-superoxide radical is required to control Trypanosoma cruzi infection in macrophages ∙Nox2-deficient mice (gp91phox-/-) are highly susceptible to Trypanosoma cruzi infection ∙Parasitemia does not reflect the level of organ infection observed in wt and gp91phox-/- mice. ∙gp91phox-/- mice collapse to infection due to uncontrolled parasite proliferation in tissues
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Prolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Damián Estrada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Piacenza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Diego Benítez
- Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo A Comini
- Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - María Noel Álvarez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Educación Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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19
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The mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase system (TrxR2) in vascular endothelium controls peroxynitrite levels and tissue integrity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:1921828118. [PMID: 33579817 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921828118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin system encompasses NADPH, thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2), thioredoxin 2, and peroxiredoxins 3 and 5 (Prx3 and Prx5) and is crucial to regulate cell redox homeostasis via the efficient catabolism of peroxides (TrxR2 and Trxrd2 refer to the mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase protein and gene, respectively). Here, we report that endothelial TrxR2 controls both the steady-state concentration of peroxynitrite, the product of the reaction of superoxide radical and nitric oxide, and the integrity of the vascular system. Mice with endothelial deletion of the Trxrd2 gene develop increased vascular stiffness and hypertrophy of the vascular wall. Furthermore, they suffer from renal abnormalities, including thickening of the Bowman's capsule, glomerulosclerosis, and functional alterations. Mechanistically, we show that loss of Trxrd2 results in enhanced peroxynitrite steady-state levels in both vascular endothelial cells and vessels by using a highly sensitive redox probe, fluorescein-boronate. High steady-state peroxynitrite levels were further found to coincide with elevated protein tyrosine nitration in renal tissue and a substantial change of the redox state of Prx3 toward the oxidized protein, even though glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) expression increased in parallel. Additional studies using a mitochondria-specific fluorescence probe (MitoPY1) in vessels revealed that enhanced peroxynitrite levels are indeed generated in mitochondria. Treatment with Mn(III)tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin [Mn(III)TMPyP], a peroxynitrite-decomposition catalyst, blunted intravascular formation of peroxynitrite. Our data provide compelling evidence for a yet-unrecognized role of TrxR2 in balancing the nitric oxide/peroxynitrite ratio in endothelial cells in vivo and thus establish a link between enhanced mitochondrial peroxynitrite and disruption of vascular integrity.
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20
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Grzelakowska A, Zielonka M, Dębowska K, Modrzejewska J, Szala M, Sikora A, Zielonka J, Podsiadły R. Two-photon fluorescent probe for cellular peroxynitrite: Fluorescence detection, imaging, and identification of peroxynitrite-specific products. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:24-35. [PMID: 33862158 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A new naphthalene-based boronate probe, NAB-BE, for the fluorescence-based detection of inflammatory oxidants, including peroxynitrite, hypochlorous acid, and hydrogen peroxide, is reported. The chemical reactivity and fluorescence properties of the probe and the products are described. The major, phenolic oxidation product, NAB-OH, is formed in case of all three oxidants tested. This product shows green fluorescence, with a maximum at 512 nm, and can be excited either at 340 nm or in the near infrared region (745 nm) for two-photon fluorescence imaging. Peroxynitrite is the fastest of the oxidants tested and, in addition to the phenolic product, leads to the formation of a nitrated product, NAB-NO2, which can serve as a fingerprint for peroxynitrite. The probe was applied to detect peroxynitrite in activated macrophages using fluorimetry and two-photon fluorescence microscopy, and both NAB-OH and NAB-NO2 products were detected in cell extracts by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The combined use of fluorometric high-throughput analyses, fluorescence imaging, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based product identification and quantitation is proposed for most comprehensive and rigorous characterization of oxidants in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Grzelakowska
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Monika Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, United States.
| | - Karolina Dębowska
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Julia Modrzejewska
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marcin Szala
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Adam Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, United States.
| | - Radosław Podsiadły
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
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21
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Abstract
HNO (nitroxyl, IUPAC name azanone) is an electrophilic reactive nitrogen species of growing pharmacological and biological significance. Here, we present data on the pH-dependent kinetics of azanone reactions with the low molecular thiols glutathione and N-acetylcysteine, as well as with important serum proteins: bovine serum albumin and human serum albumin. The competition kinetics method used is based on two parallel HNO reactions: with RSH/RS− or with O2. The results provide evidence that the reaction of azanone with the anionic form of thiols (RS−) is favored over reactions with the protonated form (RSH). The data are supported with quantum mechanical calculations. A comprehensive discussion of the HNO reaction with thiolates is provided.
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22
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Caruso G, Benatti C, Musso N, Fresta CG, Fidilio A, Spampinato G, Brunello N, Bucolo C, Drago F, Lunte SM, Peterson BR, Tascedda F, Caraci F. Carnosine Protects Macrophages against the Toxicity of Aβ1-42 Oligomers by Decreasing Oxidative Stress. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050477. [PMID: 33926064 PMCID: PMC8146816 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a naturally occurring endogenous peptide widely distributed in excitable tissues such as the brain. This dipeptide has well-known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aggregation activities, and it may be useful for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this disease, peripheral infiltrating macrophages play a substantial role in the clearance of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides from the brain. Correspondingly, in patients suffering from AD, defects in the capacity of peripheral macrophages to engulf Aβ have been reported. The effects of carnosine on macrophages and oxidative stress associated with AD are consequently of substantial interest for drug discovery in this field. In the present work, a model of stress induced by Aβ1-42 oligomers was investigated using a combination of methods including trypan blue exclusion, microchip electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and high-throughput quantitative real-time PCR. These assays were used to assess the ability of carnosine to protect macrophage cells, modulate oxidative stress, and profile the expression of genes related to inflammation and pro- and antioxidant systems. We found that pre-treatment of RAW 264.7 macrophages with carnosine counteracted cell death and apoptosis induced by Aβ1-42 oligomers by decreasing oxidative stress as measured by levels of intracellular nitric oxide (NO)/reactive oxygen species (ROS) and production of peroxynitrite. This protective activity of carnosine was not mediated by modulation of the canonical inflammatory pathway but instead can be explained by the well-known antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities of carnosine, enhanced macrophage phagocytic activity, and the rescue of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1. These new findings obtained with macrophages challenged with Aβ1-42 oligomers, along with the well-known multimodal mechanism of action of carnosine in vitro and in vivo, substantiate the therapeutic potential of this dipeptide in the context of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.F.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-7384265
| | - Cristina Benatti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (C.B.); (N.B.); (F.T.)
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Nicolò Musso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (N.M.); (C.G.F.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (F.D.)
| | - Claudia G. Fresta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (N.M.); (C.G.F.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (F.D.)
| | - Annamaria Fidilio
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Giorgia Spampinato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (N.M.); (C.G.F.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (F.D.)
| | - Nicoletta Brunello
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (C.B.); (N.B.); (F.T.)
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (N.M.); (C.G.F.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (F.D.)
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (N.M.); (C.G.F.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (F.D.)
| | - Susan M. Lunte
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047-1620, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047-1620, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047-1620, USA
| | - Blake R. Peterson
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Fabio Tascedda
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (C.B.); (N.B.); (F.T.)
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.F.); (F.C.)
- Department of Laboratories, Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
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23
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Boronic acid/boronate prodrugs for cancer treatment: current status and perspectives. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:859-861. [PMID: 33845596 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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24
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Parisi C, Failla M, Fraix A, Menilli L, Moret F, Reddi E, Rolando B, Spyrakis F, Lazzarato L, Fruttero R, Gasco A, Sortino S. A generator of peroxynitrite activatable with red light. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4740-4746. [PMID: 34163730 PMCID: PMC8179535 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06970a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) as “unconventional” therapeutics with precise spatiotemporal control by using light stimuli may open entirely new horizons for innovative therapeutic modalities. Among ROS and RNS, peroxynitrite (ONOO−) plays a dominant role in chemistry and biology in view of its potent oxidizing power and cytotoxic action. We have designed and synthesized a molecular hybrid based on benzophenothiazine as a red light-harvesting antenna joined to an N-nitroso appendage through a flexible spacer. Single photon red light excitation of this molecular construct triggers the release of nitric oxide (˙NO) and simultaneously produces superoxide anions (O2˙−). The diffusion-controlled reaction between these two radical species generates ONOO−, as confirmed by the use of fluorescein-boronate as a highly selective chemical probe. Besides, the red fluorescence of the hybrid allows its tracking in different types of cancer cells where it is well-tolerated in the dark but induces remarkable cell mortality under irradiation with red light in a very low concentration range, with very low light doses (ca. 1 J cm−2). This ONOO− generator activatable by highly biocompatible and tissue penetrating single photon red light can open up intriguing prospects in biomedical research, where precise and spatiotemporally controlled concentrations of ONOO− are required. Excitation of a molecular hybrid with highly biocompatible red light generates cytotoxic peroxynitrite, produces red fluorescence useful for cell tracking and induces remarkable cancer cell death at very low concentrations and very low light doses.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Parisi
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania I-95125 Italy
| | - Mariacristina Failla
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino I-10125 Torino Italy
| | - Aurore Fraix
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania I-95125 Italy
| | - Luca Menilli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Francesca Moret
- Department of Biology, University of Padova I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Elena Reddi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova I-35131 Padova Italy
| | - Barbara Rolando
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino I-10125 Torino Italy
| | - Francesca Spyrakis
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino I-10125 Torino Italy
| | - Loretta Lazzarato
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino I-10125 Torino Italy
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino I-10125 Torino Italy
| | - Alberto Gasco
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino I-10125 Torino Italy
| | - Salvatore Sortino
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania I-95125 Italy
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25
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Sun P, Zhang H, Sun Y, Liu J. The recent development of fluorescent probes for the detection of NADH and NADPH in living cells and in vivo. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 245:118919. [PMID: 32977107 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and its phosphate ester (NADPH) participate in numerous metabolic processes in living cells as electron carriers. The levels of NADH and NADPH in a cell are closely related to its metabolic and pathological state. It is important to monitor the levels of NADH and NADPH in living cells and in vivo in real-time. This review mainly focuses on fluorescent probes developed for monitoring NADH and NADPH in living cells and in vivo, and classifies them according to the recognition units. These fluorescence probes can rapidly respond to changes in NADH and NADPH levels without interference from other biomolecules, both in cell culture and in vivo. These probes have been employed to monitor NADH and NADPH levels in living cells, tumor spheroids, and in vivo; moreover, some of them can be used to discriminate normal cells from cancer cells, and detect cancer cell death due to reductive stress induced by natural antioxidants. This review is expected to inspire the generation of novel fluorescent probes for the detection of NADH and NADPH, and stimulate more attention in the development of fluorescent probes based on carbon dots and nanoparticles, as well as metal complex-based, time-gated luminescent probes for monitoring NADH and NADPH in both living cells and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjuan Sun
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yuanqiang Sun
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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26
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Zhao C, Chen J, Zhong R, Chen DS, Shi J, Song J. Materialien mit Selektivität für oxidative Molekülspezies für die Diagnostik und Therapie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology Institution College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
- Center for Nanomedicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
| | - Jingxiao Chen
- Center for Nanomedicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 PR China
| | - Ruibo Zhong
- Center for Nanomedicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
| | - Dean Shuailin Chen
- Center for Nanomedicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
| | - Jibin Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology Institution College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
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27
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Zhao C, Chen J, Zhong R, Chen DS, Shi J, Song J. Oxidative‐Species‐Selective Materials for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:9804-9827. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology Institution College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
- Center for Nanomedicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
| | - Jingxiao Chen
- Center for Nanomedicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 PR China
| | - Ruibo Zhong
- Center for Nanomedicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
| | - Dean Shuailin Chen
- Center for Nanomedicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
| | - Jibin Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology Institution College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
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28
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Sikora A, Zielonka J, Dębowska K, Michalski R, Smulik-Izydorczyk R, Pięta J, Podsiadły R, Artelska A, Pierzchała K, Kalyanaraman B. Boronate-Based Probes for Biological Oxidants: A Novel Class of Molecular Tools for Redox Biology. Front Chem 2020; 8:580899. [PMID: 33102447 PMCID: PMC7545953 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.580899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Boronate-based molecular probes are emerging as one of the most effective tools for detection and quantitation of peroxynitrite and hydroperoxides. This review discusses the chemical reactivity of boronate compounds in the context of their use for detection of biological oxidants, and presents examples of the practical use of those probes in selected chemical, enzymatic, and biological systems. The particular reactivity of boronates toward nucleophilic oxidants makes them a distinct class of probes for redox biology studies. We focus on the recent progress in the design and application of boronate-based probes in redox studies and perspectives for further developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Sikora
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Karolina Dębowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Michalski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Smulik-Izydorczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Pięta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Podsiadły
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Angelika Artelska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Pierzchała
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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29
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Uribe P, Meriño J, Manquemilla E, Villagrán C, Vega E, Zambrano F, Schulz M, Pezo F, Villegas JV, Boguen R, Sánchez R. Multiparameter Flow Cytometry Assay for Analysis of Nitrosative Stress Status in Human Spermatozoa. Cytometry A 2020; 97:1238-1247. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Uribe
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine ‐ Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT – BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile
| | - Juan Meriño
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine ‐ Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT – BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile
| | - Emilio Manquemilla
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine ‐ Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT – BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile
| | - Camila Villagrán
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine ‐ Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT – BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile
| | - Etelinda Vega
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine ‐ Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT – BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile
| | - Fabiola Zambrano
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine ‐ Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT – BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile
| | - Mabel Schulz
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine ‐ Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT – BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile
| | - Felipe Pezo
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine ‐ Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT – BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile
| | - Juana V. Villegas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile
- Center of Reproductive Biotechnology ‐ Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEBIOR – BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile
| | - Rodrigo Boguen
- Departamento de Procesos Diagnósticos y Evaluación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Católica de Temuco Temuco Chile
| | - Raúl Sánchez
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine ‐ Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT – BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile
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30
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Asosingh K. Flow Cytometry of Male Reproductive Potential. Cytometry A 2020; 97:1209-1210. [PMID: 32583489 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kewal Asosingh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Flow Cytometry Core Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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31
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Hiller NDJ, do Amaral e Silva NA, Tavares TA, Faria RX, Eberlin MN, de Luna Martins D. Arylboronic Acids and their Myriad of Applications Beyond Organic Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noemi de Jesus Hiller
- Instituto de Química; Laboratório de Catálise e Síntese (Lab CSI); Laboratório 413; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Outeiro de São João Batista s/n; Campus do Valonguinho, Centro Niterói RJ 24020-141 Brasil
| | - Nayane Abreu do Amaral e Silva
- Instituto de Química; Laboratório de Catálise e Síntese (Lab CSI); Laboratório 413; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Outeiro de São João Batista s/n; Campus do Valonguinho, Centro Niterói RJ 24020-141 Brasil
| | - Thais Apolinário Tavares
- Instituto de Química; Laboratório de Catálise e Síntese (Lab CSI); Laboratório 413; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Outeiro de São João Batista s/n; Campus do Valonguinho, Centro Niterói RJ 24020-141 Brasil
| | - Robson Xavier Faria
- Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses; Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz; Av. Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro RJ 21040-360 Brasil
| | - Marcos Nogueira Eberlin
- Mackenzie Presbyterian University; School of Engineering; Rua da Consolação, 930 SP 01302-907 São Paulo Brasil
| | - Daniela de Luna Martins
- Instituto de Química; Laboratório de Catálise e Síntese (Lab CSI); Laboratório 413; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Outeiro de São João Batista s/n; Campus do Valonguinho, Centro Niterói RJ 24020-141 Brasil
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Abstract
Peroxynitrite (PNT) is a highly reactive oxidant that plays a key role in the destruction of foreign pathogens by specific phagocytic immune cells such as macrophages. However, when its production is dysregulated, this oxidant can contribute to cardiovascular disease, neurological diseases, and cancer. To facilitate the detection of PNT in living cells, we designed and synthesized a fluorescent sensor termed PS3 that accumulates in membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This subcellular targeting enhances the proximity of PS3 to the phagosome of macrophages where PNT is generated. When PS3-treated macrophages are stimulated with 10 µm opsonized tentagel microspheres, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) of these particles results in production of endogenous PNT, oxidative cleavage of the fluorescence-quenching phenolic side chain of PS3, and increased fluorescence that can be detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy, flow cytometry, and other assays. We describe methods for the synthesis of PS3 and evaluation of its photophysical properties, selectivity, and reactivity. We further report differential production of PNT during ADCP by the phagocytic cell lines RAW 264.7, J774A.1, and THP-1, as detected by confocal microscopy and changes in fluorescence intensity on 96-well plates. This approach may be useful for identification of modulators of PNT and related studies of ADCP.
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33
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Rios N, Radi R, Kalyanaraman B, Zielonka J. Tracking isotopically labeled oxidants using boronate-based redox probes. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6665-6676. [PMID: 32217693 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have been implicated in many biological processes and diseases, including immune responses, cardiovascular dysfunction, neurodegeneration, and cancer. These chemical species are short-lived in biological settings, and detecting them in these conditions and diseases requires the use of molecular probes that form stable, easily detectable, products. The chemical mechanisms and limitations of many of the currently used probes are not well-understood, hampering their effective applications. Boronates have emerged as a class of probes for the detection of nucleophilic two-electron oxidants. Here, we report the results of an oxygen-18-labeling MS study to identify the origin of oxygen atoms in the oxidation products of phenylboronate targeted to mitochondria. We demonstrate that boronate oxidation by hydrogen peroxide, peroxymonocarbonate, hypochlorite, or peroxynitrite involves the incorporation of oxygen atoms from these oxidants. We therefore conclude that boronates can be used as probes to track isotopically labeled oxidants. This suggests that the detection of specific products formed from these redox probes could enable precise identification of oxidants formed in biological systems. We discuss the implications of these results for understanding the mechanism of conversion of the boronate-based redox probes to oxidant-specific products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rios
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
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34
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Wang HR, Che YH, Huang D, Ao H. Hydrogen sulfide mediated alleviation of cadmium toxicity in Phlox paniculata L. and establishment of a comprehensive evaluation model for corresponding strategy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 22:1085-1095. [PMID: 32122163 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1730299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory experiment was performed to evaluate the potential role of H2S on cadmium (Cd) toxicity in Phlox paniculata L. Seeds pretreated with 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 mM NaHS as a donor of H2S for 24 h and subsequently exposed to 100, 200, and 300 μM CdCl2 for 26 days had significantly higher germination rate compared with Cd alone. Meanwhile, 2-year-old seedlings sprayed with 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 μM NaHS were grown in soil with 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mg/kg CdCl2, respectively. We observed that H2S decreased Cd accumulation in leaves and elevated Cd concentration in roots. Cd toxicity in seedlings resulted in a substantial increase in Cd-induced overproduction of malondialdehyde (MDA), Cd accumulation, and electrolyte leakage. Meanwhile, addition of NaHS increased photosynthetic performance compared with Cd alone. Exogenous H2S significantly elevated biomass, improved antioxidant enzyme activities, and reduced ABA content compared with Cd alone. H2S also plays an important role in the ABA signaling pathway during stress. Notably, NaHS promoted Cd uptake by Phlox paniculate L. from soil. The prediction model of H2S for increasing plant resistance and reducing soil Cd pollution was established by factor analysis method based on comprehensive evaluation of plant stress physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Hui Che
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong Ao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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35
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Mastrogiovanni M, Trostchansky A, Rubbo H. Fatty acid nitration in human low-density lipoprotein. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 679:108190. [PMID: 31738891 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipid nitration occurs during physiological and pathophysiological conditions, generating a variety of biomolecules capable to modulate inflammatory cell responses. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation has been extensively related to atherosclerotic lesion development while oxidative modifications confer the particle pro-atherogenic features. Herein, we reviewed the oxidation versus nitration of human LDL protein and lipid fractions. We propose that unsaturated fatty acids present in LDL can be nitrated under mild nitration conditions, suggesting an anti-atherogenic role for LDL carrying nitro-fatty acids (NFA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Homero Rubbo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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36
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Möller MN, Rios N, Trujillo M, Radi R, Denicola A, Alvarez B. Detection and quantification of nitric oxide-derived oxidants in biological systems. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14776-14802. [PMID: 31409645 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.006136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The free radical nitric oxide (NO•) exerts biological effects through the direct and reversible interaction with specific targets (e.g. soluble guanylate cyclase) or through the generation of secondary species, many of which can oxidize, nitrosate or nitrate biomolecules. The NO•-derived reactive species are typically short-lived, and their preferential fates depend on kinetic and compartmentalization aspects. Their detection and quantification are technically challenging. In general, the strategies employed are based either on the detection of relatively stable end products or on the use of synthetic probes, and they are not always selective for a particular species. In this study, we describe the biologically relevant characteristics of the reactive species formed downstream from NO•, and we discuss the approaches currently available for the analysis of NO•, nitrogen dioxide (NO2 •), dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3), nitroxyl (HNO), and peroxynitrite (ONOO-/ONOOH), as well as peroxynitrite-derived hydroxyl (HO•) and carbonate anion (CO3 •-) radicals. We also discuss the biological origins of and analytical tools for detecting nitrite (NO2 -), nitrate (NO3 -), nitrosyl-metal complexes, S-nitrosothiols, and 3-nitrotyrosine. Moreover, we highlight state-of-the-art methods, alert readers to caveats of widely used techniques, and encourage retirement of approaches that have been supplanted by more reliable and selective tools for detecting and measuring NO•-derived oxidants. We emphasize that the use of appropriate analytical methods needs to be strongly grounded in a chemical and biochemical understanding of the species and mechanistic pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías N Möller
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Rios
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay .,Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Bai X, Ng KKH, Hu JJ, Ye S, Yang D. Small-Molecule-Based Fluorescent Sensors for Selective Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species in Biological Systems. Annu Rev Biochem 2019; 88:605-633. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-013118-111754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) encompass a collection of intricately linked chemical entities characterized by individually distinct physicochemical properties and biological reactivities. Although excessive ROS generation is well known to underpin disease development, it has become increasingly evident that ROS also play central roles in redox regulation and normal physiology. A major challenge in uncovering the relevant biological mechanisms and deconvoluting the apparently paradoxical roles of distinct ROS in human health and disease lies in the selective and sensitive detection of these transient species in the complex biological milieu. Small-molecule-based fluorescent sensors enable molecular imaging of ROS with great spatial and temporal resolution and have thus been appreciated as excellent tools for aiding discoveries in modern redox biology. We review a selection of state-of-the-art sensors with demonstrated utility in biological systems. By providing a systematic overview based on underlying chemical sensing mechanisms, we wish to highlight the strengths and weaknesses in prior sensor works and propose some guiding principles for the development of future probes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Jacob Hu
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China;, , , ,
| | - Sen Ye
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China;, , , ,
| | - Dan Yang
- Morningside Laboratory for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China;, , , ,
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38
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Radi R. The origins of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite research in Uruguay: 25 years of contributions to the biochemical and biomedical sciences. Nitric Oxide 2019; 87:83-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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39
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Cytosolic Fe-superoxide dismutase safeguards Trypanosoma cruzi from macrophage-derived superoxide radical. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:8879-8888. [PMID: 30979807 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821487116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease (CD), contains exclusively Fe-dependent superoxide dismutases (Fe-SODs). During T. cruzi invasion to macrophages, superoxide radical (O2 •-) is produced at the phagosomal compartment toward the internalized parasite via NOX-2 (gp91-phox) activation. In this work, T. cruzi cytosolic Fe-SODB overexpressers (pRIBOTEX-Fe-SODB) exhibited higher resistance to macrophage-dependent killing and enhanced intracellular proliferation compared with wild-type (WT) parasites. The higher infectivity of Fe-SODB overexpressers compared with WT parasites was lost in gp91-phox -/- macrophages, underscoring the role of O2 •- in parasite killing. Herein, we studied the entrance of O2 •- and its protonated form, perhydroxyl radical [(HO2 •); pKa = 4.8], to T. cruzi at the phagosome compartment. At the acidic pH values of the phagosome lumen (pH 5.3 ± 0.1), high steady-state concentrations of O2 •- and HO2 • were estimated (∼28 and 8 µM, respectively). Phagosomal acidification was crucial for O2 •- permeation, because inhibition of the macrophage H+-ATPase proton pump significantly decreased O2 •- detection in the internalized parasite. Importantly, O2 •- detection, aconitase inactivation, and peroxynitrite generation were lower in Fe-SODB than in WT parasites exposed to external fluxes of O2 •- or during macrophage infections. Other mechanisms of O2 •- entrance participate at neutral pH values, because the anion channel inhibitor 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid decreased O2 •- detection. Finally, parasitemia and tissue parasite burden in mice were higher in Fe-SODB-overexpressing parasites, supporting the role of the cytosolic O2 •--catabolizing enzyme as a virulence factor for CD.
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Piacenza L, Trujillo M, Radi R. Reactive species and pathogen antioxidant networks during phagocytosis. J Exp Med 2019; 216:501-516. [PMID: 30792185 PMCID: PMC6400530 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the generation of phagosomal cytotoxic reactive species by activated macrophages and neutrophils for the control of intracellular pathogens, and the mechanisms by which microbes combat host-derived oxidants via antioxidant networks that mitigate the redox-dependent control of infection. The generation of phagosomal cytotoxic reactive species (i.e., free radicals and oxidants) by activated macrophages and neutrophils is a crucial process for the control of intracellular pathogens. The chemical nature of these species, the reactions they are involved in, and the subsequent effects are multifaceted and depend on several host- and pathogen-derived factors that influence their production rates and catabolism inside the phagosome. Pathogens rely on an intricate and synergistic antioxidant armamentarium that ensures their own survival by detoxifying reactive species. In this review, we discuss the generation, kinetics, and toxicity of reactive species generated in phagocytes, with a focus on the response of macrophages to internalized pathogens and concentrating on Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Trypanosoma cruzi as examples of bacterial and parasitic infection, respectively. The ability of pathogens to deal with host-derived reactive species largely depends on the competence of their antioxidant networks at the onset of invasion, which in turn can tilt the balance toward pathogen survival, proliferation, and virulence over redox-dependent control of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Piacenza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay .,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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41
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Smulik-Izydorczyk R, Rostkowski M, Gerbich A, Jarmoc D, Adamus J, Leszczyńska A, Michalski R, Marcinek A, Kramkowski K, Sikora A. Decomposition of Piloty's acid derivatives – Toward the understanding of factors controlling HNO release. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 661:132-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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42
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Prolo C, Rios N, Piacenza L, Álvarez MN, Radi R. Fluorescence and chemiluminescence approaches for peroxynitrite detection. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 128:59-68. [PMID: 29454880 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, there has been a significant advance in understanding the biochemistry of peroxynitrite, an endogenously-produced oxidant and nucleophile. Its relevance as a mediator in several pathologic states and the aging process together with its transient character and low steady-state concentration, motivated the development of a variety of techniques for its unambiguous detection and estimation. Among these, fluorescence and chemiluminescence approaches have represented important tools with enhanced sensitivity but usual limited specificity. In this review, we analyze selected examples of molecular probes that permit the detection of peroxynitrite by fluorescence and chemiluminescence, disclosing their mechanism of reaction with either peroxynitrite or peroxynitrite-derived radicals. Indeed, probes have been divided into 1) redox probes that yield products by a free radical mechanism, and 2) electrophilic probes that evolve to products secondary to the nucleophilic attack by peroxynitrite. Overall, boronate-based compounds are emerging as preferred probes for the sensitive and specific detection and quantitation. Moreover, novel strategies involving genetically-modified fluorescent proteins with the incorporation of unnatural amino acids have been recently described as peroxynitrite sensors. This review analyzes the most commonly used fluorescence and chemiluminescence approaches for peroxynitrite detection and provides some guidelines for appropriate experimental design and data interpretation, including how to estimate peroxynitrite formation rates in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Prolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Rios
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucia Piacenza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Noel Álvarez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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43
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Zielonka J, Kalyanaraman B. Small-molecule luminescent probes for the detection of cellular oxidizing and nitrating species. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 128:3-22. [PMID: 29567392 PMCID: PMC6146080 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in both pathogenic cellular damage events and physiological cellular redox signaling and regulation. To unravel the biological role of ROS, it is very important to be able to detect and identify the species involved. In this review, we introduce the reader to the methods of detection of ROS using luminescent (fluorescent, chemiluminescent, and bioluminescent) probes and discuss typical limitations of those probes. We review the most widely used probes, state-of-the-art assays, and the new, promising approaches for rigorous detection and identification of superoxide radical anion, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitrite. The combination of real-time monitoring of the dynamics of ROS in cells and the identification of the specific products formed from the probes will reveal the role of specific types of ROS in cellular function and dysfunction. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involving ROS may help with the development of new therapeutics for several diseases involving dysregulated cellular redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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44
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Wang S, Chen L, Jangili P, Sharma A, Li W, Hou JT, Qin C, Yoon J, Kim JS. Design and applications of fluorescent detectors for peroxynitrite. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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45
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Carballal S, Valez V, Alvarez-Paggi D, Tovmasyan A, Batinic-Haberle I, Ferrer-Sueta G, Murgida DH, Radi R. Manganese porphyrin redox state in endothelial cells: Resonance Raman studies and implications for antioxidant protection towards peroxynitrite. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 126:379-392. [PMID: 30144631 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cationic manganese(III) ortho N-substituted pyridylporphyrins (MnP) act as efficient antioxidants catalyzing superoxide dismutation and accelerating peroxynitrite reduction. Importantly, MnP can reach mitochondria offering protection against reactive species in different animal models of disease. Although an LC-MS/MS-based method for MnP quantitation and subcellular distribution has been reported, a direct method capable of evaluating both the uptake and the redox state of MnP in living cells has not yet been developed. In the present work we applied resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy to analyze the intracellular accumulation of two potent MnP-based lipophilic SOD mimics, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ and MnTnHex-2-PyP5+ within endothelial cells. RR experiments with isolated mitochondria revealed that the reduction of Mn(III)P was affected by inhibitors of the electron transport chain, supporting the action of MnP as efficient redox active compounds in mitochondria. Indeed, RR spectra confirmed that MnP added in the Mn(III) state can be incorporated into the cells, readily reduced by intracellular components to the Mn(II) state and oxidized by peroxynitrite. To assess the combined impact of reactivity and bioavailability, we studied the kinetics of Mn(III)TnBuOE-2-PyP5+ with peroxynitrite and evaluated the cytoprotective capacity of MnP by exposing the endothelial cells to nitro-oxidative stress induced by peroxynitrite. We observed a preservation of normal mitochondrial function, attenuation of cell damage and prevention of apoptotic cell death. These data introduce a novel application of RR spectroscopy for the direct detection of MnP and their redox states inside living cells, and helps to rationalize their antioxidant capacity in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Carballal
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Valeria Valez
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Damián Alvarez-Paggi
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física and INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gerardo Ferrer-Sueta
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniel H Murgida
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física and INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Knewtson KE, Rane D, Peterson BR. Targeting Fluorescent Sensors to Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes Enables Detection of Peroxynitrite During Cellular Phagocytosis. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2595-2602. [PMID: 30141903 PMCID: PMC6204062 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite is a highly reactive oxidant derived from superoxide and nitric oxide. In normal vertebrate physiology, some phagocytes deploy this oxidant as a cytotoxin against foreign pathogens. To provide a new approach for detection of endogenous cellular peroxynitrite, we synthesized fluorescent sensors targeted to membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The very high surface area of these membranes, approximately 30 times greater than the cellular plasma membrane, was envisioned as a vast intracellular platform for the display of sensors to transient reactive species. By linking an ER-targeted profluorophore to reactive phenols, sensors were designed to be cleaved by peroxynitrite and release a highly fluorescent ER-associated rhodol. Studies of kinetics in aqueous buffer revealed a linear free energy relationship where electron-donating substituents accelerate this reaction. However, in living cells, the efficiency of detection of endogenous cellular peroxynitrite was directly proportional to association with ER membranes. By incorporating a 2,6-dimethylphenol to accelerate the reaction and enhance this subcellular targeting, endogenous peroxynitrite in living RAW 264.7 macrophage cells could be readily detected after addition of antibody-opsonized tentagel microspheres, without additional stimulation, a process undetectable with other known fluorescent sensors. This approach provides uniquely sensitive tools for studies of transient reactive species in living mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E Knewtson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , The University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Digamber Rane
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , The University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Blake R Peterson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , The University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
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47
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Jiang X, Wang L, Carroll SL, Chen J, Wang MC, Wang J. Challenges and Opportunities for Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes in Redox Biology Applications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:518-540. [PMID: 29320869 PMCID: PMC6056262 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The concentrations of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are critical to various biochemical processes. Small-molecule fluorescent probes have been widely used to detect and/or quantify ROS/RNS in many redox biology studies and serve as an important complementary to protein-based sensors with unique applications. Recent Advances: New sensing reactions have emerged in probe development, allowing more selective and quantitative detection of ROS/RNS, especially in live cells. Improvements have been made in sensing reactions, fluorophores, and bioavailability of probe molecules. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we will not only summarize redox-related small-molecule fluorescent probes but also lay out the challenges of designing probes to help redox biologists independently evaluate the quality of reported small-molecule fluorescent probes, especially in the chemistry literature. We specifically highlight the advantages of reversibility in sensing reactions and its applications in ratiometric probe design for quantitative measurements in living cells. In addition, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of small-molecule probes and protein-based probes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The low physiological relevant concentrations of most ROS/RNS call for new sensing reactions with better selectivity, kinetics, and reversibility; fluorophores with high quantum yield, wide wavelength coverage, and Stokes shifts; and structural design with good aqueous solubility, membrane permeability, low protein interference, and organelle specificity. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 518-540.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqian Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lingfei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Shaina L. Carroll
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Meng C. Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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48
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a powerful effector of redox signaling. It is able to oxidize cysteine residues, metal ion centers, and lipids. Understanding H2O2-mediated signaling requires, to some extent, measurement of H2O2 level. Recent Advances: Chemically and genetically encoded fluorescent probes for the detection of H2O2 are currently the most sensitive and popular. Novel probes are constantly being developed, with the latest progress particular with boronates and genetically encoded probes. CRITICAL ISSUES All currently available probes display limitations in terms of sensitivity, local and temporal resolution, and specificity in the detection of low H2O2 concentrations. In this review, we discuss the power of fluorescent probes and the systems in which they have been successfully employed. Moreover, we recommend approaches for overcoming probe limitations and for the avoidance of artifacts. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Constant improvements will lead to the generation of probes that are not only more sensitive but also specifically tailored to individual cellular compartments. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 585-602.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Rezende
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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49
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Oxygen radicals, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite: Redox pathways in molecular medicine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:5839-5848. [PMID: 29802228 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804932115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 611] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen-derived free radicals and related oxidants are ubiquitous and short-lived intermediates formed in aerobic organisms throughout life. These reactive species participate in redox reactions leading to oxidative modifications in biomolecules, among which proteins and lipids are preferential targets. Despite a broad array of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems in mammalian cells and microbes, excess oxidant formation causes accumulation of new products that may compromise cell function and structure leading to cell degeneration and death. Oxidative events are associated with pathological conditions and the process of normal aging. Notably, physiological levels of oxidants also modulate cellular functions via homeostatic redox-sensitive cell signaling cascades. On the other hand, nitric oxide (•NO), a free radical and weak oxidant, represents a master physiological regulator via reversible interactions with heme proteins. The bioavailability and actions of •NO are modulated by its fast reaction with superoxide radical ([Formula: see text]), which yields an unusual and reactive peroxide, peroxynitrite, representing the merging of the oxygen radicals and •NO pathways. In this Inaugural Article, I summarize early and remarkable developments in free radical biochemistry and the later evolution of the field toward molecular medicine; this transition includes our contributions disclosing the relationship of •NO with redox intermediates and metabolism. The biochemical characterization, identification, and quantitation of peroxynitrite and its role in disease processes have concentrated much of our attention. Being a mediator of protein oxidation and nitration, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death, peroxynitrite represents both a pathophysiologically relevant endogenous cytotoxin and a cytotoxic effector against invading pathogens.
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Ferrer-Sueta G, Campolo N, Trujillo M, Bartesaghi S, Carballal S, Romero N, Alvarez B, Radi R. Biochemistry of Peroxynitrite and Protein Tyrosine Nitration. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1338-1408. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Ferrer-Sueta
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Campolo
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Madia Trujillo
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Silvina Bartesaghi
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Carballal
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Romero
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Facultad de
Ciencias, ‡Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, §Departamento de Bioquímica,
Facultad de Medicina, ∥Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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