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Vodicka P, Vodenkova S, Danesova N, Vodickova L, Zobalova R, Tomasova K, Boukalova S, Berridge MV, Neuzil J. Mitochondrial DNA damage, repair, and replacement in cancer. Trends Cancer 2024:S2405-8033(24)00212-7. [PMID: 39438191 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital organelles with their own DNA (mtDNA). mtDNA is circular and composed of heavy and light chains that are structurally more accessible than nuclear DNA (nDNA). While nDNA is typically diploid, the number of mtDNA copies per cell is higher and varies considerably during development and between tissues. Compared with nDNA, mtDNA is more prone to damage that is positively linked to many diseases, including cancer. Similar to nDNA, mtDNA undergoes repair processes, although these mechanisms are less well understood. In this review, we discuss the various forms of mtDNA damage and repair and their association with cancer initiation and progression. We also propose horizontal mitochondrial transfer as a novel mechanism for replacing damaged mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Vodicka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic.
| | - Sona Vodenkova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic.
| | - Natalie Danesova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Zobalova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50 Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Tomasova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Stepana Boukalova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50 Prague-West, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jiri Neuzil
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50 Prague-West, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Qld 4222, Australia.
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2
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Guo L. F-ATP synthase inhibitory factor 1 and mitochondria-organelle interactions: New insight and implications. Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107393. [PMID: 39233058 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are metabolic hub, and act as primary sites for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and metabolites generation. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake contributes to Ca2+ storage. Mitochondria-organelle interactions are important for cellular metabolic adaptation, biosynthesis, redox balance, cell fate. Organelle communications are mediated by Ca2+/ROS signals, vesicle transport and membrane contact sites. The permeability transition pore (PTP) is an unselective channel that provides a release pathway for Ca2+/ROS, mtDNA and metabolites. F-ATP synthase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) participates in regulation of PTP opening and is required for the translocation of transcriptional factors c-Myc/PGC1α to mitochondria to stimulate metabolic switch. IF1, a mitochondrial specific protein, has been suggested to regulate other organelles including nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. IF1 may be able to mediate mitochondria-organelle interactions and cellular physiology through regulation of PTP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishu Guo
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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3
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Thompson MK, Eggers MH, Benton RG, Johnsten T, Prakash A. Artificial targeting of the NEIL1 DNA glycosylase to the mitochondria. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2024; 65:243-250. [PMID: 39324705 DOI: 10.1002/em.22632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The human NEIL1 DNA glycosylase is one of 11 mammalian glycosylases that initiate base excision repair. While substrate preference, catalytic mechanism, and structural information of NEIL1's ordered residues are available, limited information on its subcellular localization, compounded by relatively low endogenous expression levels, have impeded our understanding of NEIL1. Here, we employed a previously developed computational framework to optimize the mitochondrial localization signal of NEIL1, enabling the visualization of its specific targeting to the mitochondrion via confocal microscopy. While we observed clear mitochondrial localization and increased glycosylase/lyase activity in mitochondrial extracts from low-moderate NEIL1 expression, high NEIL1 mitochondrial expression levels proved harmful, potentially leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlo K Thompson
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama Health, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Mark H Eggers
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama Health, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Ryan G Benton
- Department of Computer Science, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Tom Johnsten
- Department of Computer Science, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Aishwarya Prakash
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama Health, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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4
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Liu W, Zhong X, Yi Y, Xie L, Zhou W, Cao W, Chen L. Prophylactic Effects of Betaine on Depression and Anxiety Behaviors in Mice with Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:21041-21051. [PMID: 39276097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a typical type of inflammatory bowl disease, which is accompanied by an increased risk of depression and anxiety-related psychological symptoms. Betaine is a naturally derived compound that can function as an anti-inflammatory drug and a neuromodulator. In-depth exploration of the potential role of betaine in treating UC-related depression and anxiety is crucial. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of betaine on UC-related depression and anxiety and clarify the underlying mechanisms. A dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mice model was established by 4% DSS drinking ad libitum for 7 days. The colonic injury was measured using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff (AB-PAS) staining. Depression and anxiety-like behaviors were separately evaluated using a forced swimming test (FST), a tail suspension test (TST), a light-dark box test (LDBT), and an open field test (OFT). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect DNA damage and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Western blotting was applied to detect the protein levels of macrophage polarization in mice colons and the alteration of mitochondrial dysfunction and the cGAS-STING pathway in the hippocampus. Betaine strongly alleviated mucosal structural disorder and mucin secretion reduction and promoted M2-macrophage polarization in the colon of DSS-treated mice. In addition, betaine could mitigate depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in DSS-treated mice, reduce the DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, and inhibit the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. Our study reveals the antidepression/anxiety effects of betaine and further demonstrates the potential mechanism by which betaine inhibits DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction to block the cGAS-STING pathway, thereby repairing neurogenesis in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhong
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yan Yi
- Institute Center of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Lihua Xie
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Wenyan Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Wenyu Cao
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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5
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Ahmad A, Braden A, Khan S, Xiao J, Khan MM. Crosstalk between the DNA damage response and cellular senescence drives aging and age-related diseases. Semin Immunopathol 2024; 46:10. [PMID: 39095660 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-024-01016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a crucial process of irreversible cell-cycle arrest, in which cells remain alive, but permanently unable to proliferate in response to distinct types of stressors. Accumulating evidence suggests that DNA damage builds over time and triggers DNA damage response signaling, leading to cellular senescence. Cellular senescence serves as a platform for the perpetuation of inflammatory responses and is central to numerous age-related diseases. Defects in DNA repair genes or senescence can cause premature aging disease. Therapeutic approaches limiting DNA damage or senescence contribute to a rescued phenotype of longevity and neuroprotection, thus suggesting a mechanistic interaction between DNA damage and senescence. Here, we offer a unique perspective on the crosstalk between the DNA damage response pathway and senescence as well as their contribution to age-related diseases. We further summarize recent progress on the mechanisms and therapeutics of senescence, address existing challenges, and offering new insights and future directions in the senescence field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anneliesse Braden
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, Suite 415 Link Building, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sazzad Khan
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, Suite 415 Link Building, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, Suite 415 Link Building, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, Suite 415 Link Building, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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6
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Waneka G, Stewart J, Anderson JR, Li W, Wilusz J, Argueso JL, Sloan DB. UV damage induces production of mitochondrial DNA fragments with specific length profiles. Genetics 2024; 227:iyae070. [PMID: 38722894 PMCID: PMC11228841 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
UV light is a potent mutagen that induces bulky DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). Photodamage and other bulky lesions occurring in nuclear genomes can be repaired through nucleotide excision repair (NER), where incisions on both sides of a damaged site precede the removal of a single-stranded oligonucleotide containing the damage. Mitochondrial genomes (mtDNAs) are also susceptible to damage from UV light, but current evidence suggests that the only way to eliminate bulky mtDNA damage is through mtDNA degradation. Damage-containing oligonucleotides excised during NER can be captured with antidamage antibodies and sequenced (XR-seq) to produce high-resolution maps of active repair locations following UV exposure. We analyzed previously published datasets from Arabidopsis thaliana, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Drosophila melanogaster to identify reads originating from the mtDNA (and plastid genome in A. thaliana). In A. thaliana and S. cerevisiae, the mtDNA-mapping reads have unique length distributions compared to the nuclear-mapping reads. The dominant fragment size was 26 nt in S. cerevisiae and 28 nt in A. thaliana with distinct secondary peaks occurring in regular intervals. These reads also show a nonrandom distribution of di-pyrimidines (the substrate for CPD formation) with TT enrichment at positions 7-8 of the reads. Therefore, UV damage to mtDNA appears to result in production of DNA fragments of characteristic lengths and positions relative to the damaged location. The mechanisms producing these fragments are unclear, but we hypothesize that they result from a previously uncharacterized DNA degradation pathway or repair mechanism in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gus Waneka
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80521, CO, USA
| | - Joseph Stewart
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80521, CO, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80521, CO, USA
| | - John R Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80521, CO, USA
| | - Wentao Li
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wilusz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80521, CO, USA
| | - Juan Lucas Argueso
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80521, CO, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80521, CO, USA
| | - Daniel B Sloan
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80521, CO, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80521, CO, USA
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7
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Hazra N, Ray R, Banerjee A. Rapid targeting and imaging of mitochondria via carbon dots using an amino acid-based amphiphile as a carrier. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:9827-9835. [PMID: 38695525 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00665h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Green-fluorescent biocompatible carbon dots with a quantum yield of 40% were successfully synthesized through a solvothermal process and then they are comprehensively characterized. The carbon dots showed a negatively charged surface owing to the presence of carboxylic groups. This negative surface charge hinders the effective targeting and imaging of mitochondria. To address this limitation, a new approach is developed in this study. An amphiphile containing phenylalanine, with a positively charged polar head consisting of triphenylphosphine and a hydrophobic aliphatic tail, was designed, synthesized, purified, and characterized. This amphiphile formed spherical micelle-type nanostructures in an aqueous medium in the aggregated state. Although these nanoprobes lack inherent fluorescence, they exhibited the capability to image mitochondria when their spherical micelle-type nanostructures were decorated with negatively charged fluorescent nanocarbon dots in both cancerous (KB cells) and non-cancerous (CHO cells) cell lines. Notably, carbon dots without the amphiphile failed to penetrate the cell membrane as they exhibited significantly low emission inside the cell. This study extensively explored the cell entry mechanism of the hybrid nanoprobes. The photophysical changes and the interaction between the negatively charged carbon dots and the positively charged nanospheres of the amphiphile were also analyzed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niladri Hazra
- School of Biological Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Reeddhi Ray
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arindam Banerjee
- School of Biological Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Xu D, Li Y, Yin S, Huang F. Strategies to address key challenges of metallacycle/metallacage-based supramolecular coordination complexes in biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3167-3204. [PMID: 38385584 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00926b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Owing to their capacity for dynamically linking two or more functional molecules, supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs), exemplified by two-dimensional (2D) metallacycles and three-dimensional (3D) metallacages, have gained increasing significance in biomedical applications. However, their inherent hydrophobicity and self-assembly driven by heavy metal ions present common challenges in their applications. These challenges can be overcome by enhancing the aqueous solubility and in vivo circulation stability of SCCs, alongside minimizing their side effects during treatment. Addressing these challenges is crucial for advancing the fundamental research of SCCs and their subsequent clinical translation. In this review, drawing on extensive contemporary research, we offer a thorough and systematic analysis of the strategies employed by SCCs to surmount these prevalent yet pivotal obstacles. Additionally, we explore further potential challenges and prospects for the broader application of SCCs in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China.
| | - Shouchun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China.
| | - Feihe Huang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, P. R. China
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Shi FL, Li Q, Xu R, Yuan LS, Chen Y, Shi ZJ, Li YP, Zhou ZY, Xu LH, Zha QB, Hu B, He XH, Ou-Yang DY. Blocking reverse electron transfer-mediated mitochondrial DNA oxidation rescues cells from PANoptosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:594-608. [PMID: 37964019 PMCID: PMC10834539 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PANoptosis is a new type of cell death featured with pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis, and is implicated in organ injury and mortality in various inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Reverse electron transport (RET)-mediated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) has been shown to contribute to pyroptosis and necroptosis. In this study we investigated the roles of mtROS and RET in PANoptosis induced by TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) inhibitor 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (Oxo) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as the effects of anti-RET reagents on PANoptosis. We showed that pretreatment with anti-RET reagents 1-methoxy PMS (MPMS) or dimethyl fumarate (DMF) dose-dependently inhibited PANoptosis in macrophages BMDMs and J774A.1 cells induced by Oxo/LPS treatment assayed by propidium iodide (PI) staining. The three arms of the PANoptosis signaling pathway, namely pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis signaling, as well as the formation of PANoptosomes were all inhibited by MPMS or DMF. We demonstrated that Oxo/LPS treatment induced RET and mtROS in BMDMs, which were reversed by MPMS or DMF pretreatment. Interestingly, the PANoptosome was co-located with mitochondria, in which the mitochondrial DNA was oxidized. MPMS and DMF fully blocked the mtROS production and the formation of PANoptosome induced by Oxo plus LPS treatment. An HLH mouse model was established by poly(I:C)/LPS challenge. Pretreatment with DMF (50 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g. for 3 days) or MPMS (10 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.p. for 2 days) (DMF i.g. MPMS i.p.) effectively alleviated HLH lesions accompanied by decreased hallmarks of PANoptosis in the liver and kidney. Collectively, RET and mtDNA play crucial roles in PANoptosis induction and anti-RET reagents represent a novel class of PANoptosis inhibitors by blocking oxidation of mtDNA, highlighting their potential application in treating PANoptosis-related inflammatory diseases. PANoptotic stimulation induces reverse electron transport (RET) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondia, while 1-methoxy PMS and dimethyl fumarate can inhibit PANoptosis by suppressing RETmediated oxidation of mitochondrial DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Li Shi
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Li-Sha Yuan
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zi-Jian Shi
- Department of Fetal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ya-Ping Li
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhi-Ya Zhou
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Li-Hui Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qing-Bing Zha
- Department of Fetal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Heyuan, 517000, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Xian-Hui He
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Heyuan, 517000, China.
| | - Dong-Yun Ou-Yang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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10
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Sadeesh EM, Lahamge MS, Malik A, Ampadi AN. Differential Expression of Nuclear-Encoded Mitochondrial Protein Genes of ATP Synthase Across Different Tissues of Female Buffalo. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01085-x. [PMID: 38305843 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The physiological well-being of buffaloes, encompassing phenotypic traits, reproductive health, and productivity, depends on their energy status. Mitochondria, the architects of energy production, orchestrate a nuanced interplay between nuclear and mitochondrial domains. Oxidative phosphorylation complexes and associated proteins wield significant influence over metabolic functions, energy synthesis, and organelle dynamics, often linked to tissue-specific pathologies. The unexplored role of ATP synthase in buffalo tissues prompted a hypothesis: in-depth exploration of nuclear-derived mitochondrial genes, notably ATP synthase, reveals distinctive tissue-specific diversity. RNA extraction and sequencing of buffalo tissues (kidney, heart, brain, and ovary) enabled precise quantification of nuclear-derived mitochondrial protein gene expression. The analysis unveiled 24 ATP synthase transcript variants, each with unique tissue-specific patterns. Kidney, brain, and heart exhibited elevated gene expression compared to ovaries, with 10, 8, and 19 up-regulated genes, respectively. The kidney showed 3 and 12 down-regulated genes compared to the brain and heart. The heart-brain comparison highlighted ten highly expressed genes in ATP synthase functions. Gene ontology and pathway analyses revealed enriched functions linked to ATP synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation, offering a comprehensive understanding of energy production in buffalo tissues. This analysis enhances understanding of tissue-specific gene expression, emphasizing the influence of energy demands. Revealing intricate links between mitochondrial gene expression and tissue specialization in buffaloes, it provides nuanced insights into tissue-specific expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein genes, notably ATP synthase, advancing the comprehension of buffalo tissue biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Sadeesh
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology of Farm Animals, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| | - Madhuri S Lahamge
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology of Farm Animals, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Anuj Malik
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology of Farm Animals, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - A N Ampadi
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology of Farm Animals, Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
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11
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Baker ZN, Forny P, Pagliarini DJ. Mitochondrial proteome research: the road ahead. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:65-82. [PMID: 37773518 PMCID: PMC11378943 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifaceted organelles with key roles in anabolic and catabolic metabolism, bioenergetics, cellular signalling and nutrient sensing, and programmed cell death processes. Their diverse functions are enabled by a sophisticated set of protein components encoded by the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. The extent and complexity of the mitochondrial proteome remained unclear for decades. This began to change 20 years ago when, driven by the emergence of mass spectrometry-based proteomics, the first draft mitochondrial proteomes were established. In the ensuing decades, further technological and computational advances helped to refine these 'maps', with current estimates of the core mammalian mitochondrial proteome ranging from 1,000 to 1,500 proteins. The creation of these compendia provided a systemic view of an organelle previously studied primarily in a reductionist fashion and has accelerated both basic scientific discovery and the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. Yet numerous challenges remain in understanding mitochondrial biology and translating this knowledge into the medical context. In this Roadmap, we propose a path forward for refining the mitochondrial protein map to enhance its discovery and therapeutic potential. We discuss how emerging technologies can assist the detection of new mitochondrial proteins, reveal their patterns of expression across diverse tissues and cell types, and provide key information on proteoforms. We highlight the power of an enhanced map for systematically defining the functions of its members. Finally, we examine the utility of an expanded, functionally annotated mitochondrial proteome in a translational setting for aiding both diagnosis of mitochondrial disease and targeting of mitochondria for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakery N Baker
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrick Forny
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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12
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Koller A, Lamina C, Brandl C, Zimmermann ME, Stark KJ, Weissensteiner H, Würzner R, Heid IM, Kronenberg F. Systemic Evidence for Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Age-Related Macular Degeneration as Revealed by mtDNA Copy Number Measurements in Peripheral Blood. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16406. [PMID: 38003595 PMCID: PMC10671207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common occurrence in the aging process and is observed in diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Increased levels of reactive oxygen species lead to damaged mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), resulting in dysfunctional mitochondria, and, consequently, mtDNA causes further harm in the retinal tissue. However, it is unclear whether the effects are locally restricted to the high-energy-demanding retinal pigment epithelium or are also systematically present. Therefore, we measured mtDNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) in peripheral blood using a qPCR approach with plasmid normalization in elderly participants with and without AMD from the AugUR study (n = 2262). We found significantly lower mtDNA-CN in the blood of participants with early (n = 453) and late (n = 170) AMD compared to AMD-free participants (n = 1630). In regression analyses, we found lower mtDNA-CN to be associated with late AMD when compared with AMD-free participants. Each reduction of mtDNA-CN by one standard deviation increased the risk for late AMD by 24%. This association was most pronounced in geographic atrophy (OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.19-2.60, p = 0.004), which has limited treatment options. These findings provide new insights into the relationship between mtDNA-CN in blood and AMD, suggesting that it may serve as a more accessible biomarker than mtDNA-CN in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Koller
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.K.); (C.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Claudia Lamina
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.K.); (C.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Caroline Brandl
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.B.); (M.E.Z.); (K.J.S.); (I.M.H.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina E. Zimmermann
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.B.); (M.E.Z.); (K.J.S.); (I.M.H.)
| | - Klaus J. Stark
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.B.); (M.E.Z.); (K.J.S.); (I.M.H.)
| | - Hansi Weissensteiner
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.K.); (C.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Reinhard Würzner
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Iris M. Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.B.); (M.E.Z.); (K.J.S.); (I.M.H.)
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.K.); (C.L.); (H.W.)
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13
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Waneka G, Stewart J, Anderson JR, Li W, Wilusz J, Argueso JL, Sloan DB. UV damage induces production of mitochondrial DNA fragments with specific length profiles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.07.566130. [PMID: 37986892 PMCID: PMC10659373 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.566130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
UV light is a potent mutagen that induces bulky DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). In eukaryotic cells, photodamage and other bulky lesions occurring in nuclear genomes (nucDNAs) can be repaired through nucleotide excision repair (NER), where dual incisions on both sides of a damaged site precede the removal of a single-stranded oligonucleotide containing the damage. Mitochondrial genomes (mtDNAs) are also susceptible to damage from UV light, but current views hold that the only way to eliminate bulky DNA damage in mtDNAs is through mtDNA degradation. Damage-containing oligonucleotides excised during NER can be captured with anti-damage antibodies and sequenced (XR-seq) to produce high resolution maps of active repair locations following UV exposure. We analyzed previously published datasets from Arabidopsis thaliana, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Drosophila melanogaster to identify reads originating from the mtDNA (and plastid genome in A. thaliana). In A. thaliana and S. cerevisiae, the mtDNA-mapping reads have unique length distributions compared to the nuclear-mapping reads. The dominant fragment size was 26 nt in S. cerevisiae and 28 nt in A. thaliana with distinct secondary peaks occurring in 2-nt (S. cerevisiae) or 4-nt (A. thaliana) intervals. These reads also show a nonrandom distribution of di-pyrimidines (the substrate for CPD formation) with TT enrichment at positions 7-8 of the reads. Therefore, UV damage to mtDNA appears to result in production of DNA fragments of characteristic lengths and positions relative to the damaged location. We hypothesize that these fragments may reflect the outcome of a previously uncharacterized mechanism of NER-like repair in mitochondria or a programmed mtDNA degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gus Waneka
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Joseph Stewart
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - John R Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Wentao Li
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wilusz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Juan Lucas Argueso
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel B Sloan
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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14
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Sun C, Shi H, Zhao X, Chang YL, Wang X, Zhu S, Sun S. The Activation of cGAS-STING in Acute Kidney Injury. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:4461-4470. [PMID: 37842189 PMCID: PMC10576462 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s423232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of the cGAS-STING pathway is associated with many sterile inflammatory and inflammatory conditions, including acute kidney injury. As a cytoplasmic DNA sensor, sensitization of the cGAS-STING pathway can ignite the innate immune response in vivo and trigger a series of biological effects. In recent years, there is increasing evidence showing that the cGAS-STING pathway plays a vital role in acute kidney injury, a non-inflammatory disease induced by activation of innate immune cells, and closely related to intracellular reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial DNA, and the cGAS-STING pathway. This review provides a prospect of the cGAS-STING pathway and its relationship to acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanchuan Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinhai Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ling Chang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianghong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University (Zhuhai People’s Hospital), Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengyun Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Somashekara SC, Dhyani KM, Thakur M, Muniyappa K. SUMOylation of yeast Pso2 enhances its translocation and accumulation in the mitochondria and suppresses methyl methanesulfonate-induced mitochondrial DNA damage. Mol Microbiol 2023; 120:587-607. [PMID: 37649278 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pso2/SNM1 is essential for DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair; however, its mechanism of action remains incompletely understood. While recent work has revealed that Pso2/Snm1 is dual-localized in the nucleus and mitochondria, it remains unclear whether cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors regulate its subcellular localization and function. Herein, we show that Pso2 undergoes ubiquitination and phosphorylation, but not SUMOylation, in unstressed cells. Unexpectedly, we found that methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), rather than ICL-forming agents, induced robust SUMOylation of Pso2 on two conserved residues, K97 and K575, and that SUMOylation markedly increased its abundance in the mitochondria. Reciprocally, SUMOylation had no discernible impact on Pso2 translocation to the nucleus, despite the presence of steady-state levels of SUMOylated Pso2 across the cell cycle. Furthermore, substitution of the invariant residues K97 and K575 by arginine in the Pso2 SUMO consensus motifs severely impaired SUMOylation and abolished its translocation to the mitochondria of MMS-treated wild type cells, but not in unstressed cells. We demonstrate that whilst Siz1 and Siz2 SUMO E3 ligases catalyze Pso2 SUMOylation, the former plays a dominant role. Notably, we found that the phenotypic characteristics of the SUMOylation-defective mutant Pso2K97R/K575R closely mirrored those observed in the Pso2Δ petite mutant. Additionally, leveraging next-generation sequencing analysis, we demonstrate that Pso2 mitigates MMS-induced damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Viewed together, our work offers previously unknown insights into the link between genotoxic stress-induced SUMOylation of Pso2 and its preferential targeting to the mitochondria, as well as its role in attenuating MMS-induced mtDNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kshitiza M Dhyani
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Manoj Thakur
- Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalappa Muniyappa
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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16
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Caston RA, Fortini P, Chen K, Bauer J, Dogliotti E, Yin YW, Demple B. Maintenance of Flap Endonucleases for Long-Patch Base Excision DNA Repair in Mouse Muscle and Neuronal Cells Differentiated In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12715. [PMID: 37628896 PMCID: PMC10454756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
After cellular differentiation, nuclear DNA is no longer replicated, and many of the associated proteins are downregulated accordingly. These include the structure-specific endonucleases Fen1 and DNA2, which are implicated in repairing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Two more such endonucleases, named MGME1 and ExoG, have been discovered in mitochondria. This category of nuclease is required for so-called "long-patch" (multinucleotide) base excision DNA repair (BER), which is necessary to process certain oxidative lesions, prompting the question of how differentiation affects the availability and use of these enzymes in mitochondria. In this study, we demonstrate that Fen1 and DNA2 are indeed strongly downregulated after differentiation of neuronal precursors (Cath.a-differentiated cells) or mouse myotubes, while the expression levels of MGME1 and ExoG showed minimal changes. The total flap excision activity in mitochondrial extracts of these cells was moderately decreased upon differentiation, with MGME1 as the predominant flap endonuclease and ExoG playing a lesser role. Unexpectedly, both differentiated cell types appeared to accumulate less oxidative or alkylation damage in mtDNA than did their proliferating progenitors. Finally, the overall rate of mtDNA repair was not significantly different between proliferating and differentiated cells. Taken together, these results indicate that neuronal cells maintain mtDNA repair upon differentiation, evidently relying on mitochondria-specific enzymes for long-patch BER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Caston
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Paola Fortini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.F.)
| | - Kevin Chen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jack Bauer
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Eugenia Dogliotti
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (P.F.)
| | - Y. Whitney Yin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Bruce Demple
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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17
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Binder ARD, Mussack V, Kirchner B, Pfaffl MW. Uptake and effects of polystyrene nanoplastics in comparison to non-plastic silica nanoparticles on small intestine cells (IPEC-J2). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115147. [PMID: 37343485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics smaller than 1 µm accumulate as anthropogenic material in the food chain, but only little is known about their uptake and possible effects on potentially strongly exposed cells of the small intestine. The aim of the study was to observe the uptake of 100 nm polystyrene nanoplastics into a non-tumorigenic small intestine cell culture model (IPEC-J2 cells) and to monitor the effects on cell growth and gene regulation, compared to a 100 nm non-plastic silica nanoparticle reference. The intracellular uptake of both types of nanoparticles was proven via (confocal) fluorescence microscopy and complemented with transmission electron microscopy. Fluorescence microscopy showed a growth phase-dependent uptake of nanoparticles into the cells, hence further experiments included different time points related to epithelial closure, determined via electric cell substrate impedance sensing. No retardations in epithelial closure of cells after treatment with polystyrene nanoparticles could be found. In contrast, epithelial cell closure was partly negatively influenced by silica nanoparticles. An increased production of organic nanoparticles, like extracellular vesicles, was not measurable via nanoparticle tracking analysis. An assessment of messenger RNA by next generation sequencing and subsequent pathway analysis revealed that the TP53 pathway was influenced significantly by the polystyrene nanoparticle treatment. In both treatments, dysregulated mRNAs were highly enriched in the NOTCH signaling pathway compared to the non-particle control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ronja Dorothea Binder
- Chair of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Veronika Mussack
- Chair of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kirchner
- Chair of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Chair of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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18
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Ashour ME, Byrum AK, Meroni A, Xia J, Singh S, Galletto R, Rosenberg SM, Vindigni A, Mosammaparast N. Rapid profiling of DNA replication dynamics using mass spectrometry-based analysis of nascent DNA. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202207121. [PMID: 36795402 PMCID: PMC9960042 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202207121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary method for probing DNA replication dynamics is DNA fiber analysis, which utilizes thymidine analog incorporation into nascent DNA, followed by immunofluorescent microscopy of DNA fibers. Besides being time-consuming and prone to experimenter bias, it is not suitable for studying DNA replication dynamics in mitochondria or bacteria, nor is it adaptable for higher-throughput analysis. Here, we present mass spectrometry-based analysis of nascent DNA (MS-BAND) as a rapid, unbiased, quantitative alternative to DNA fiber analysis. In this method, incorporation of thymidine analogs is quantified from DNA using triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. MS-BAND accurately detects DNA replication alterations in both the nucleus and mitochondria of human cells, as well as bacteria. The high-throughput capability of MS-BAND captured replication alterations in an E. coli DNA damage-inducing gene library. Therefore, MS-BAND may serve as an alternative to the DNA fiber technique, with potential for high-throughput analysis of replication dynamics in diverse model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E. Ashour
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrea K. Byrum
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer & Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alice Meroni
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jun Xia
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Saurabh Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Roberto Galletto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susan M. Rosenberg
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alessandro Vindigni
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nima Mosammaparast
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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19
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Kamal FZ, Lefter R, Jaber H, Balmus IM, Ciobica A, Iordache AC. The Role of Potential Oxidative Biomarkers in the Prognosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke and the Exploration of Antioxidants as Possible Preventive and Treatment Options. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076389. [PMID: 37047362 PMCID: PMC10094154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic strokes occur when the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced due to arterial blockage, and it often leads to damage to brain cells or death. According to a myriad of experimental studies, oxidative stress is an important pathophysiological mechanism of ischemic stroke. In this narrative review, we aimed to identify how the alterations of oxidative stress biomarkers could suggest a severity-reflecting diagnosis of ischemic stroke and how these interactions may provide new molecular targets for neuroprotective therapies. We performed an eligibility criteria-based search on three main scientific databases. We found that patients with acute ischemic stroke are characterized by increased oxidative stress markers levels, such as the total antioxidant capacity, F2-isoprostanes, hydroxynonenal, total and perchloric acid oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORACTOT and ORACPCA), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase, and urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine. Thus, acute ischemic stroke is causing significant oxidative stress and associated molecular and cellular damage. The assessment of these molecular markers could be useful in diagnosing ischemic stroke, finding its causes, predicting its severity and outcomes, reducing its impact on the cellular structures of the brain, and guiding preventive treatment towards antioxidant-based therapy as novel therapeutic alternatives.
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20
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Delivery Systems for Mitochondrial Gene Therapy: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020572. [PMID: 36839894 PMCID: PMC9964608 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are membrane-bound cellular organelles of high relevance responsible for the chemical energy production used in most of the biochemical reactions of cells. Mitochondria have their own genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Inherited solely from the mother, this genome is quite susceptible to mutations, mainly due to the absence of an effective repair system. Mutations in mtDNA are associated with endocrine, metabolic, neurodegenerative diseases, and even cancer. Currently, therapeutic approaches are based on the administration of a set of drugs to alleviate the symptoms of patients suffering from mitochondrial pathologies. Mitochondrial gene therapy emerges as a promising strategy as it deeply focuses on the cause of mitochondrial disorder. The development of suitable mtDNA-based delivery systems to target and transfect mammalian mitochondria represents an exciting field of research, leading to progress in the challenging task of restoring mitochondria's normal function. This review gathers relevant knowledge on the composition, targeting performance, or release profile of such nanosystems, offering researchers valuable conceptual approaches to follow in their quest for the most suitable vectors to turn mitochondrial gene therapy clinically feasible. Future studies should consider the optimization of mitochondrial genes' encapsulation, targeting ability, and transfection to mitochondria. Expectedly, this effort will bring bright results, contributing to important hallmarks in mitochondrial gene therapy.
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21
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Zhai R, Fang B, Lai Y, Peng B, Bai H, Liu X, Li L, Huang W. Small-molecule fluorogenic probes for mitochondrial nanoscale imaging. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:942-972. [PMID: 36514947 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00562j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are inextricably linked to the development of diseases and cell metabolism disorders. Super-resolution imaging (SRI) is crucial in enhancing our understanding of mitochondrial ultrafine structures and functions. In addition to high-precision instruments, super-resolution microscopy relies heavily on fluorescent materials with unique photophysical properties. Small-molecule fluorogenic probes (SMFPs) have excellent properties that make them ideal for mitochondrial SRI. This paper summarizes recent advances in the field of SMFPs, with a focus on the chemical and spectroscopic properties required for mitochondrial SRI. Finally, we discuss future challenges in this field, including the design principles of SMFPs and nanoscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxiu Zhai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Bin Fang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China. .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yaqi Lai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Hua Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Xiaowang Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China. .,The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China. .,The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
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22
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Wu S, Wu Y, Chen J, Zhuang P, Zhang Y, Jiao J. Lifelong docosahexaenoic acid intervention ameliorates aging in the telomere-DNA-mitochondria axis in telomerase-deficient mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109202. [PMID: 36347449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The health benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in multiple age-related diseases are associated with telomere length. Telomerase is intimately related to inflammation and oxidative stress, but whether the underlying function of n-3 PUFAs on telomere maintenance is based on telomerase activation or related mechanisms remains unclear. Herein, we utilized late-generation (G4) telomerase-deficient (Terc-/-) mice to perform a lifelong docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intervention to determine the potential of DHA in telomere maintenance and health promotion. Unfortunately, DHA failed to prolong mouse longevity in either intrinsic or premature aging. However, intriguingly, lifelong dietary DHA intervention slowed the aging phenotypes and profoundly attenuated telomere attrition in blood leukocytes and multiple tissues, consistent with decreased β-galactosidase activity and other senescence hallmarks with no observed sex differences. Notably, DHA intervention alleviated telomere attrition-induced γ-H2AX accumulation dependent on poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) recruitment, and further regulated mitochondrial dysfunction critically involved in the DNA damage response. Together with the improvement of mitochondria function, the blocked reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and suppression of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/caspase-1 pathways partially indicated anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of DHA. These data revealed a regulatory paradigm involving DHA in the telomere-DNA-mitochondria feedback loop mediated by DNA damage response and inflammation in alleviating senescence, which may hold potential as a translatable intervention in telomere-related diseases during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyun Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P R China; National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P R China
| | - Yuqi Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P R China
| | - Jingnan Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P R China
| | - Pan Zhuang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P R China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P R China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P R China; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P R China.
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Wang KX, Ye C, Yang X, Ma P, Yan C, Luo L. New Insights into the Understanding of Mechanisms of Radiation-Induced Heart Disease. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:12-29. [PMID: 36598620 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-022-01041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Cancer patients who receive high-dose thoracic radiotherapy may develop radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD). The clinical presentation of RIHD comprises coronary artery atherosclerosis, valvular disease, pericarditis, cardiomyopathy, and conduction defects. These complications have significantly reduced due to the improved radiotherapy techniques. However, such methods still could not avoid heart radiation exposure. Furthermore, people who received relatively low-dose radiation exposures have exhibited significantly elevated RIHD risks in cohort studies of atomic bomb survivors and occupational exposures. The increased potential in exposure to natural and artificial ionizing radiation sources has emphasized the necessity to understand the development of RIHD. The pathological processes of RIHD include endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, fibrosis, and hypertrophy. The underlying mechanisms may involve the changes in oxidative stress, DNA damage response, telomere erosion, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic regulation, circulation factors, protein post-translational modification, and metabolites. This review will discuss the recent advances in the mechanisms of RIHD at cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xuan Wang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Ye
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 330006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lan Luo
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Faria R, Albuquerque T, Neves AR, Sousa Â, Costa DRB. Nanotechnology to Correct Mitochondrial Disorders in Cancer Diseases. Cancer Nanotechnol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-17831-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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25
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Li Z, Pan H, Yang J, Chen D, Wang Y, Zhang H, Cheng Y. Xuanfei Baidu formula alleviates impaired mitochondrial dynamics and activated NLRP3 inflammasome by repressing NF-κB and MAPK pathways in LPS-induced ALI and inflammation models. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154545. [PMID: 36423572 PMCID: PMC9643338 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xuanfei Baidu Formula (XBF) is an effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) remedy for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. This herbal medicine has shown effects in reducing clinical symptoms and shortening the average length of hospital stay for COVID-19 patients. Previous studies have demonstrated that XBF alleviates acute lung injury (ALI) by regulating macrophage-mediated immune inflammation, but the mechanisms of action remain elusive. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the lung-protective and anti-inflammatory effects of XBF and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Here, XBF's effects were investigated in an ALI mouse model induced by inhalation of atomized lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Besides, the LPS-induced inflammation model in RAW264.7 cells was used to clarify the underlying mechanisms of XBF against ALI. RESULTS Our results showed that XBF treatment alleviated LPS-induced lung injury, as evidenced by reduced histopathological changes, pulmonary alveoli permeability, fibrosis, and apoptosis in the lung tissues. In addition, inflammation was alleviated as shown by decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and reduced white blood cell (WBC) count in BALF. Furthermore, consistent with the in vivo assay, XBF inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines release and pro-inflammatory polarization in RAW264.7 cells. Mechanistically, XBF increased mitochondrial fusion by upregulating Mfn1 and attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation by repressing Casp11, respectively, to inhibit NF-κB and MAPK pathways, thus repressing pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization. CONCLUSION In this study, we demonstrate that XBF exerts anti-ALI and -inflammatory effects by recovering mitochondrial dynamics and reducing inflammasome activation, providing a biological illustration of the clinical efficacy of XBF in treating COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; BoYu Intelligent Health Innovation Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Haitao Pan
- BoYu Intelligent Health Innovation Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jihong Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; BoYu Intelligent Health Innovation Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Dongjie Chen
- BoYu Intelligent Health Innovation Laboratory, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Yiyu Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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The Relationship between Reactive Oxygen Species and the cGAS/STING Signaling Pathway in the Inflammaging Process. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315182. [PMID: 36499506 PMCID: PMC9735967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During Inflammaging, a dysregulation of the immune cell functions is generated, and these cells acquire a senescent phenotype with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS. This increase in pro-inflammatory molecules contributes to the chronic inflammation and oxidative damage of biomolecules, classically observed in the Inflammaging process. One of the most critical oxidative damages is generated to the host DNA. Damaged DNA is located out of the natural compartments, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, and is present in the cell's cytoplasm. This DNA localization activates some DNA sensors, such as the cGAS/STING signaling pathway, that induce transcriptional factors involved in increasing inflammatory molecules. Some of the targets of this signaling pathway are the SASPs. SASPs are secreted pro-inflammatory molecules characteristic of the senescent cells and inducers of ROS production. It has been suggested that oxidative damage to nuclear and mitochondrial DNA generates activation of the cGAS/STING pathway, increasing ROS levels induced by SASPs. These additional ROS increase oxidative DNA damage, causing a loop during the Inflammaging. However, the relationship between the cGAS/STING pathway and the increase in ROS during Inflammaging has not been clarified. This review attempt to describe the potential connection between the cGAS/STING pathway and ROS during the Inflammaging process, based on the current literature, as a contribution to the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that occur and contribute to the development of the considered adaptative Inflammaging process during aging.
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Memon AA, Vats S, Sundquist J, Li Y, Sundquist K. Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number: Linking Diabetes and Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:1168-1190. [PMID: 36169625 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent Advances: Various studies have suggested that mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), a surrogate biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction, is an easily quantifiable biomarker for chronic diseases, including diabetes and cancer. However, current knowledge is limited, and the results are controversial. This has been attributed mainly to methodology and study design. Critical Issues: The incidence of diabetes and cancer has increased significantly in recent years. Moreover, type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been shown to be a risk factor for cancer. mtDNA-CN has been associated with both T2D and cancer. However, it is not known whether mtDNA-CN plays any role in the association between T2D and cancer. Significance: In this review, we have discussed mtDNA-CN in diabetes and cancer, and reviewed the literature and methodology used in published studies so far. Based on the literature review, we have speculated how mtDNA-CN may act as a link between diabetes and cancer. Furthermore, we have provided some recommendations for reliable translation of mtDNA-CN as a biomarker. Future Directions: Further research is required to elucidate the role of mtDNA-CN in the association between T2D and cancer. If established, early lifestyle interventions, such as physical activity and diet control that improve mitochondrial function, may help preventing cancer in patients with T2D. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 1168-1190.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaque A Memon
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sakshi Vats
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yanni Li
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
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Bassot A, Morio B, Bortoli S, Coumoul X. Le B-A-BA de la mitochondrie, une cheffe d’orchestre intracellulaire très dynamique. CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIÉTÉTIQUE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnd.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Zhang M, Dong R, Da J, Yuan J, Zha Y, Long Y. Hyperhomocysteinemia exacerbates acute kidney injury via increased mitochondrial damage. Front Physiol 2022; 13:967104. [PMID: 36277207 PMCID: PMC9581205 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.967104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex and common set of multifactorial clinical syndromes, and associated with increased in-hospital mortality. There is increasing evidence that Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is highly associated with the development of a variety of kidney diseases, including AKI. However, the pathogenesis of HHcy in AKI remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of HHcy on cisplatin-induced AKI in mice and NRK-52E cells cultured with HHcy. We confirmed that mice with HHcy had higher serum levels of creatinine and more severe renal tubule injury after cisplatin injection. We found that HHcy aggravated renal mitochondrial damage, mainly manifested as decreased ATP β, significantly increased cytoplasmic Cyt C expression and the ADP/ATP ratio, and a significantly decreased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. In addition, we found that HHcy accelerated cisplatin-induced renal DNA damage; culturing NRK-52E cells with homocysteine (Hcy) could significantly increase apoptosis and mitochondrial damage. Interestingly, we found that Mdivi-1 reduced Hcy-induced mitochondrial damage, thereby reducing the level of apoptosis. In conclusion, these results suggest that HHcy might aggravate the development of AKI by increasing mitochondrial damage and that reducing Hcy levels or inhibiting mitochondrial damage may be a potential therapeutic strategy to delay the development of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial Institute of Nephritic & Urinary Disease, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Rong Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial Institute of Nephritic & Urinary Disease, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Jingjing Da
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial Institute of Nephritic & Urinary Disease, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
- Department of Biomedicine, Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial Institute of Nephritic & Urinary Disease, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
- Department of Biomedicine, Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Zha
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial Institute of Nephritic & Urinary Disease, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
- Department of Biomedicine, Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yanjun Long
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial Institute of Nephritic & Urinary Disease, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
- Department of Biomedicine, Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Nephrology, People’s Hospital of Zhenfeng County, Qianxinan, Guizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanjun Long,
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Sharma N, Thompson MK, Arrington JF, Terry DM, Chakravarthy S, Prevelige PE, Prakash A. Novel interaction interfaces mediate the interaction between the NEIL1 DNA glycosylase and mitochondrial transcription factor A. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:893806. [PMID: 35938152 PMCID: PMC9354671 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.893806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is critical for proper cellular function as damage to mtDNA, if left unrepaired, can lead to a diverse array of pathologies. Of the pathways identified to participate in DNA repair within the mitochondria, base excision repair (BER) is the most extensively studied. Protein-protein interactions drive the step-by-step coordination required for the successful completion of this pathway and are important for crosstalk with other mitochondrial factors involved in genome maintenance. Human NEIL1 is one of seven DNA glycosylases that initiates BER in both the nuclear and mitochondrial compartments. In the current work, we scrutinized the interaction between NEIL1 and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), a protein that is essential for various aspects of mtDNA metabolism. We note, for the first time, that both the N- and C- terminal domains of NEIL1 interact with TFAM revealing a unique NEIL1 protein-binding interface. The interaction between the two proteins, as observed biochemically, appears to be transient and is most apparent at concentrations of low salt. The presence of DNA (or RNA) also positively influences the interaction between the two proteins, and molar mass estimates indicate that duplex DNA is required for complex formation at higher salt concentrations. Hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry data reveal that both proteins exchange less deuterium upon DNA binding, indicative of an interaction, and the addition of NEIL1 to the TFAM-DNA complex alters the interaction landscape. The transcriptional activity of TFAM appears to be independent of NEIL1 expression under normal cellular conditions, however, in the presence of DNA damage, we observe a significant reduction in the mRNA expression of TFAM-transcribed mitochondrial genes in the absence of NEIL1. Overall, our data indicate that the interaction between NEIL1 and TFAM can be modulated by local environment such as salt concentrations, protein availability, the presence of nucleic acids, as well as the presence of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Marlo K. Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Jennifer F. Arrington
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Dava M. Terry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Srinivas Chakravarthy
- Advanced Photon Source, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Peter E. Prevelige
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Aishwarya Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
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31
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Chen X, Karmaker N, Cloutier P, Bass AD, Zheng Y, Sanche L. Low-Energy Electron Damage to Plasmid DNA in Thin Films: Dependence on Substrates, Surface Density, Charging, Environment, and Uniformity. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5443-5457. [PMID: 35834372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of low-energy electrons (LEEs) with DNA plays a significant role in the mechanisms leading to biological damage induced by ionizing radiation, particularly in radiotherapy, and its sensitization by chemotherapeutic drugs and nanoparticles. Plasmids constitute the form of DNA found in mitochondria and appear as a suitable model of genomic DNA. In a search for the best LEE targets, damage was induced to plasmids, in thin films in vacuum, by 6, 10, and 100 eV electrons under single collision conditions. The yields of single- and double-strand breaks, other cluster damage, isolated base lesions, and crosslinks were measured by electrophoresis and enzyme treatment. The films were deposited on oriented graphite or polycrystalline tantalum, with or without DNA autoassembly via diaminopropane (Dap) intercalation. Yields were correlated with the influence of vacuum, film uniformity, surface density, substrates, and the DNA environment. Aided by surface potential measurements and scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy images, the lyophilized Dap-DNA films were found to be the most practical high-quality targets. These studies pave the way to the fabrication of LEE target-films composed of plasmids intercalated with biomolecules that could mimic the cellular environment; for example, as a first step, by replacing Dap with an amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingju Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Nanda Karmaker
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie et Centre de Recherche Clinique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pierre Cloutier
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie et Centre de Recherche Clinique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Andrew D Bass
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie et Centre de Recherche Clinique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Yi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China.,Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie et Centre de Recherche Clinique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Léon Sanche
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie et Centre de Recherche Clinique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
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Yang Y, Kim OS, Kim B, Liu G, Song J, Liu D, Ma G, Kim Y, Kim O. A Novel Fluorescent Dye Extracted from Buddleja officinalis for Labeling Mitochondria after Fixation. SCANNING 2022; 2022:7486005. [PMID: 35711296 PMCID: PMC9187463 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7486005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are versatile organelles and function by communicating with cellular ecosystems. The fluorescent colocalization analysis after fixation is a highly intuitive method to understand the role of mitochondria. However, there are few fluorescent dyes available for mitochondrial staining after fixation. In this study, a novel fluorescent dye (BO-dye), extracted from Buddleja officinalis, was applied for mitochondrial staining in fixed immortalized human oral keratinocytes. The BO-dye (excitation: 414 nm, emission: 677 nm) is a small fluorescent molecular dye, which can cross the cytomembrane without permeabilization. We assume that the BO-dye could aggregate and bind to the mitochondria stably. BO-dye exhibited a mega-Stokes shift (>250 nm), which is an important feature that could reduce self-quenching and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio. Analysis of photophysical properties revealed that the BO-dye is temperature and pH insensitive, and it exhibits superior photostability. These results indicate that BO-dye can be considered an alternative fluorescent dye for labeling mitochondria after fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Dental Implant Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ok-Su Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunggook Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Guo Liu
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jianan Song
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Danyang Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Guowu Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Okjoon Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Roy A, Kandettu A, Ray S, Chakrabarty S. Mitochondrial DNA replication and repair defects: Clinical phenotypes and therapeutic interventions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2022; 1863:148554. [PMID: 35341749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria is a unique cellular organelle involved in multiple cellular processes and is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. This semi-autonomous organelle contains its circular genome - mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA), that undergoes continuous cycles of replication and repair to maintain the mitochondrial genome integrity. The majority of the mitochondrial genes, including mitochondrial replisome and repair genes, are nuclear-encoded. Although the repair machinery of mitochondria is quite efficient, the mitochondrial genome is highly susceptible to oxidative damage and other types of exogenous and endogenous agent-induced DNA damage, due to the absence of protective histones and their proximity to the main ROS production sites. Mutations in replication and repair genes of mitochondria can result in mtDNA depletion and deletions subsequently leading to mitochondrial genome instability. The combined action of mutations and deletions can result in compromised mitochondrial genome maintenance and lead to various mitochondrial disorders. Here, we review the mechanism of mitochondrial DNA replication and repair process, key proteins involved, and their altered function in mitochondrial disorders. The focus of this review will be on the key genes of mitochondrial DNA replication and repair machinery and the clinical phenotypes associated with mutations in these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhipsa Roy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Amoolya Kandettu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Swagat Ray
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Somashekara SC, Muniyappa K. Dual targeting of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pso2 to mitochondria and the nucleus, and its functional relevance in the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkac066. [PMID: 35482533 PMCID: PMC9157068 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks involves a functional interplay among different DNA surveillance and repair pathways. Previous work has shown that interstrand crosslink-inducing agents cause damage to Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and its pso2/snm1 mutants exhibit a petite phenotype followed by loss of mitochondrial DNA integrity and copy number. Complex as it is, the cause and underlying molecular mechanisms remains elusive. Here, by combining a wide range of approaches with in vitro and in vivo analyses, we interrogated the subcellular localization and function of Pso2. We found evidence that the nuclear-encoded Pso2 contains 1 mitochondrial targeting sequence and 2 nuclear localization signals (NLS1 and NLS2), although NLS1 resides within the mitochondrial targeting sequence. Further analysis revealed that Pso2 is a dual-localized interstrand crosslink repair protein; it can be imported into both nucleus and mitochondria and that genotoxic agents enhance its abundance in the latter. While mitochondrial targeting sequence is essential for mitochondrial Pso2 import, either NLS1 or NLS2 is sufficient for its nuclear import; this implies that the 2 nuclear localization signal motifs are functionally redundant. Ablation of mitochondrial targeting sequence abrogated mitochondrial Pso2 import, and concomitantly, raised its levels in the nucleus. Strikingly, mutational disruption of both nuclear localization signal motifs blocked the nuclear Pso2 import; at the same time, they enhanced its translocation into the mitochondria, consistent with the notion that the relationship between mitochondrial targeting sequence and nuclear localization signal motifs is competitive. However, the nuclease activity of import-deficient species of Pso2 was not impaired. The potential relevance of dual targeting of Pso2 into 2 DNA-bearing organelles is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kalappa Muniyappa
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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Tacrolimus Induces Apoptosis in Leukemia Jurkat Cells through Inactivation of the Reactive Oxygen Species-dependent Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase/Akt Signaling Pathway. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Cirino G, Szabo C, Papapetropoulos A. Physiological roles of hydrogen sulfide in mammalian cells, tissues and organs. Physiol Rev 2022; 103:31-276. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
H2S belongs to the class of molecules known as gasotransmitters, which also includes nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Three enzymes are recognized as endogenous sources of H2S in various cells and tissues: cystathionine g-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). The current article reviews the regulation of these enzymes as well as the pathways of their enzymatic and non-enzymatic degradation and elimination. The multiple interactions of H2S with other labile endogenous molecules (e.g. NO) and reactive oxygen species are also outlined. The various biological targets and signaling pathways are discussed, with special reference to H2S and oxidative posttranscriptional modification of proteins, the effect of H2S on channels and intracellular second messenger pathways, the regulation of gene transcription and translation and the regulation of cellular bioenergetics and metabolism. The pharmacological and molecular tools currently available to study H2S physiology are also reviewed, including their utility and limitations. In subsequent sections, the role of H2S in the regulation of various physiological and cellular functions is reviewed. The physiological role of H2S in various cell types and organ systems are overviewed. Finally, the role of H2S in the regulation of various organ functions is discussed as well as the characteristic bell-shaped biphasic effects of H2S. In addition, key pathophysiological aspects, debated areas, and future research and translational areas are identified A wide array of significant roles of H2S in the physiological regulation of all organ functions emerges from this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece & Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece
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Cho E, Allemang A, Audebert M, Chauhan V, Dertinger S, Hendriks G, Luijten M, Marchetti F, Minocherhomji S, Pfuhler S, Roberts DJ, Trenz K, Yauk CL. AOP report: Development of an adverse outcome pathway for oxidative DNA damage leading to mutations and chromosomal aberrations. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2022; 63:118-134. [PMID: 35315142 PMCID: PMC9322445 DOI: 10.1002/em.22479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Genetic Toxicology Technical Committee (GTTC) of the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) is developing adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) that describe modes of action leading to potentially heritable genomic damage. The goal was to enhance the use of mechanistic information in genotoxicity assessment by building empirical support for the relationships between relevant molecular initiating events (MIEs) and regulatory endpoints in genetic toxicology. Herein, we present an AOP network that links oxidative DNA damage to two adverse outcomes (AOs): mutations and chromosomal aberrations. We collected empirical evidence from the literature to evaluate the key event relationships between the MIE and the AOs, and assessed the weight of evidence using the modified Bradford-Hill criteria for causality. Oxidative DNA damage is constantly induced and repaired in cells given the ubiquitous presence of reactive oxygen species and free radicals. However, xenobiotic exposures may increase damage above baseline levels through a variety of mechanisms and overwhelm DNA repair and endogenous antioxidant capacity. Unrepaired oxidative DNA base damage can lead to base substitutions during replication and, along with repair intermediates, can also cause DNA strand breaks that can lead to mutations and chromosomal aberrations if not repaired adequately. This AOP network identifies knowledge gaps that could be filled by targeted studies designed to better define the quantitative relationships between key events, which could be leveraged for quantitative chemical safety assessment. We anticipate that this AOP network will provide the building blocks for additional genotoxicity-associated AOPs and aid in designing novel integrated testing approaches for genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunnara Cho
- Environmental Health Science and Research BureauHealth CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Vinita Chauhan
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection BureauHealth CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Mirjam Luijten
- Centre for Health ProtectionNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Francesco Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science and Research BureauHealth CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Sheroy Minocherhomji
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety and Bioanalytical SciencesAmgen Inc.Thousand OaksCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Carole L. Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research BureauHealth CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyCarleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
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38
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Johnson BE, Creason AL, Stommel JM, Keck JM, Parmar S, Betts CB, Blucher A, Boniface C, Bucher E, Burlingame E, Camp T, Chin K, Eng J, Estabrook J, Feiler HS, Heskett MB, Hu Z, Kolodzie A, Kong BL, Labrie M, Lee J, Leyshock P, Mitri S, Patterson J, Riesterer JL, Sivagnanam S, Somers J, Sudar D, Thibault G, Weeder BR, Zheng C, Nan X, Thompson RF, Heiser LM, Spellman PT, Thomas G, Demir E, Chang YH, Coussens LM, Guimaraes AR, Corless C, Goecks J, Bergan R, Mitri Z, Mills GB, Gray JW. An omic and multidimensional spatial atlas from serial biopsies of an evolving metastatic breast cancer. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100525. [PMID: 35243422 PMCID: PMC8861971 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of therapeutic resistance and vulnerability evolve in metastatic cancers as tumor cells and extrinsic microenvironmental influences change during treatment. To support the development of methods for identifying these mechanisms in individual people, here we present an omic and multidimensional spatial (OMS) atlas generated from four serial biopsies of an individual with metastatic breast cancer during 3.5 years of therapy. This resource links detailed, longitudinal clinical metadata that includes treatment times and doses, anatomic imaging, and blood-based response measurements to clinical and exploratory analyses, which includes comprehensive DNA, RNA, and protein profiles; images of multiplexed immunostaining; and 2- and 3-dimensional scanning electron micrographs. These data report aspects of heterogeneity and evolution of the cancer genome, signaling pathways, immune microenvironment, cellular composition and organization, and ultrastructure. We present illustrative examples of how integrative analyses of these data reveal potential mechanisms of response and resistance and suggest novel therapeutic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett E. Johnson
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Allison L. Creason
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jayne M. Stommel
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jamie M. Keck
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Swapnil Parmar
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Courtney B. Betts
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Aurora Blucher
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Christopher Boniface
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Elmar Bucher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Erik Burlingame
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Todd Camp
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Koei Chin
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jennifer Eng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Joseph Estabrook
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Heidi S. Feiler
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Michael B. Heskett
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Zhi Hu
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Annette Kolodzie
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ben L. Kong
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Marilyne Labrie
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jinho Lee
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Patrick Leyshock
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Souraya Mitri
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Janice Patterson
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Diagnostic Laboratories, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jessica L. Riesterer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Multiscale Microscopy Core, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Shamilene Sivagnanam
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Julia Somers
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Damir Sudar
- Quantitative Imaging Systems LLC, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Guillaume Thibault
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Weeder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Christina Zheng
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Xiaolin Nan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Reid F. Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Hospital and Specialty Medicine, VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Laura M. Heiser
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Paul T. Spellman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - George Thomas
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Emek Demir
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Young Hwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Lisa M. Coussens
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Alexander R. Guimaraes
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Christopher Corless
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jeremy Goecks
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Raymond Bergan
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Zahi Mitri
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Joe W. Gray
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Wang H, Han Y, Li S, Chen Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Xia Y, Yuan J. Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome and Its Associated Cardiac Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:808115. [PMID: 35237671 PMCID: PMC8882844 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.808115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria is a ubiquitous, energy-supplying (ATP-based) organelle found in nearly all eukaryotes. It acts as a “power plant” by producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, providing energy for the cell. The bioenergetic functions of mitochondria are regulated by nuclear genes (nDNA). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and respiratory enzymes lose normal structure and function when nuclear genes encoding the related mitochondrial factors are impaired, resulting in deficiency in energy production. Massive generation of reactive oxygen species and calcium overload are common causes of mitochondrial diseases. The mitochondrial depletion syndrome (MDS) is associated with the mutations of mitochondrial genes in the nucleus. It is a heterogeneous group of progressive disorders characterized by the low mtDNA copy number. TK2, FBXL4, TYPM, and AGK are genes known to be related to MDS. More recent studies identified new mutation loci associated with this disease. Herein, we first summarize the structure and function of mitochondria, and then discuss the characteristics of various types of MDS and its association with cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yijun Han
- Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shenwei Li
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yunan Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yafen Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Dongying Fifth People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jingsuo Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology of Shandong Higher Education, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Yong Xia
| | - Jinxiang Yuan
- The Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Jinxiang Yuan
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40
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Gbetuwa M, Lu LS, Wang TJ, Chen YJ, Chiou JF, Su TY, Yang TS. Nucleus Near-Infrared (nNIR) Irradiation of Single A549 Cells Induces DNA Damage and Activates EGFR Leading to Mitochondrial Fission. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040624. [PMID: 35203275 PMCID: PMC8870661 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been great interest in identifying the biological substrate for light-cell interaction and their relations to cancer treatment. In this study, a near-infrared (NIR) laser is focused into the nucleus (nNIR) or cytoplasm (cNIR) of a single living cell by a high numerical aperture condenser to dissect the novel role of cell nucleus in mediating NIR effects on mitochondrial dynamics of A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells. Our analysis showed that nNIR, but not cNIR, triggered mitochondrial fission in 10 min. In contrast, the fission/fusion balance of mitochondria directly exposed to cNIR does not change. While the same phenomenon is also triggered by single molecular interactions between epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor EGFR, pharmacological studies with cetuximab, PD153035, and caffeine suggest EGF signaling crosstalk to DNA damaging response to mediate rapid mitochondrial fission as a result of nNIR irradiation. These results suggest that nuclear DNA integrity is a novel biological target for cellular response to NIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoh Gbetuwa
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.G.); (L.-S.L.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Long-Sheng Lu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.G.); (L.-S.L.); (Y.-J.C.)
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Center for Cell Therapy, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ju Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.G.); (L.-S.L.); (Y.-J.C.)
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Fong Chiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yuan Su
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Chung-Li 32003, Taiwan;
| | - Tzu-Sen Yang
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- School of Dental Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Research Center of Biomedical Device, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-27361661 (ext. 5206)
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Nadalutti CA, Ayala-Peña S, Santos JH. Mitochondrial DNA damage as driver of cellular outcomes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C136-C150. [PMID: 34936503 PMCID: PMC8799395 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00389.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are primarily involved in energy production through the process of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Increasing evidence has shown that mitochondrial function impacts a plethora of different cellular activities, including metabolism, epigenetics, and innate immunity. Like the nucleus, mitochondria own their genetic material, but this organellar genome is circular, present in multiple copies, and maternally inherited. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes 37 genes that are solely involved in OXPHOS. Maintenance of mtDNA, through replication and repair, requires the import of nuclear DNA-encoded proteins. Thus, mitochondria completely rely on the nucleus to prevent mitochondrial genetic alterations. As most cells contain hundreds to thousands of mitochondria, it follows that the shear number of organelles allows for the buffering of dysfunction-at least to some extent-before tissue homeostasis becomes impaired. Only red blood cells lack mitochondria entirely. Impaired mitochondrial function is a hallmark of aging and is involved in a number of different disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cancer, and autoimmunity. Although alterations in mitochondrial processes unrelated to OXPHOS, such as fusion and fission, contribute to aging and disease, maintenance of mtDNA integrity is critical for proper organellar function. Here, we focus on how mtDNA damage contributes to cellular dysfunction and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina A. Nadalutti
- 1Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology
Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Sylvette Ayala-Peña
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Janine H. Santos
- 1Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology
Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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42
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Qi W, Zhu F, Wang M, Teng Z, Xu R, Xi Y, Meng Q, Wu X, Zhao H, Ma M, Hou X, Wang B, Li X, Liu C, Zhang X, Xu F, Xia M. The Antitumoral Effect of Paris Saponin II on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas Mediated via the Nitric Oxide Metabolic Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:803981. [PMID: 35047513 PMCID: PMC8762239 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.803981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paris saponin has shown great therapeutic value in cancer therapy. We used isolated Paris saponin II (PSII), an active component of Paris saponin, and demonstrated its antitumor effect on human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Additionally, we investigated its mechanisms of action in vivo by establishing a xenograft mouse model. The results showed that PSII had presented strong anticancer effects on both hypopharyngeal malignant tumor cell lines (FaDu) and laryngeal carcinoma cell lines (Tu212 and Tu686). In addition, we successfully isolated and cultured the head and neck squamous stem cells and the primary fibroblasts to perform metabonomics studies. The results showed that RPII remarkably decreased energy metabolism, and type III nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) may be a target to block tumor growth. Furthermore, we found that PSII inhibited HNSCC proliferation and metastasis by inhibiting the nitric oxide metabolic pathway. Overall, these results demonstrated that PSII is a potent anticancer agent, and the metabonomics analysis is a valuable tool to investigate and establish the antitumor effects of traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Qi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenxiao Teng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Runtong Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiu Meng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinhao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Ma
- Cancer Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaozhi Hou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Baowei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fenglei Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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43
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Leuthner TC, Meyer JN. Mitochondrial DNA Mutagenesis: Feature of and Biomarker for Environmental Exposures and Aging. Curr Environ Health Rep 2021; 8:294-308. [PMID: 34761353 PMCID: PMC8826492 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-021-00329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging. Mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) instability contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction, and mtDNA mutagenesis may contribute to aging. However, the origin of mtDNA mutations remains somewhat controversial. The goals of this review are to introduce and review recent literature on mtDNA mutagenesis and aging, address recent animal and epidemiological evidence for the effects of chemicals on mtDNA damage and mutagenesis, propose hypotheses regarding the contribution of environmental toxicant exposure to mtDNA mutagenesis in the context of aging, and suggest future directions and approaches for environmental health researchers. RECENT FINDINGS Stressors such as pollutants, pharmaceuticals, and ultraviolet radiation can damage the mitochondrial genome or disrupt mtDNA replication, repair, and organelle homeostatic processes, potentially influencing the rate of accumulation of mtDNA mutations. Accelerated mtDNA mutagenesis could contribute to aging, diseases of aging, and sensitize individuals with pathogenic mtDNA variants to stressors. We propose three potential mechanisms of toxicant-induced effects on mtDNA mutagenesis over lifespan: (1) increased de novo mtDNA mutations, (2) altered frequencies of mtDNA mutations, or (3) both. There are remarkably few studies that have investigated the impact of environmental chemical exposures on mtDNA instability and mutagenesis, and even fewer in the context of aging. More studies are warranted because people are exposed to tens of thousands of chemicals, and are living longer. Finally, we suggest that toxicant-induced mtDNA damage and mutational signatures may be a sensitive biomarker for some exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess C Leuthner
- Nicholas School of the Environment, 9 Circuit Dr, Box 90328, Duke University, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, 9 Circuit Dr, Box 90328, Duke University, NC, 27708, USA.
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Chakraborty A, Tapryal N, Islam A, Mitra S, Hazra T. Transcription coupled base excision repair in mammalian cells: So little is known and so much to uncover. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 107:103204. [PMID: 34390916 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized bases in the genome has been implicated in various human pathologies, including cancer, aging and neurological diseases. Their repair is initiated with excision by DNA glycosylases (DGs) in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Among the five oxidized base-specific human DGs, OGG1 and NTH1 preferentially excise oxidized purines and pyrimidines, respectively, while NEILs remove both oxidized purines and pyrimidines. However, little is known about why cells possess multiple DGs with overlapping substrate specificities. Studies of the past decades revealed that some DGs are involved in repair of oxidized DNA base lesions in the actively transcribed regions. Preferential removal of lesions from the transcribed strands of active genes, called transcription-coupled repair (TCR), was discovered as a distinct sub-pathway of nucleotide excision repair; however, such repair of oxidized DNA bases had not been established until our recent demonstration of NEIL2's role in TC-BER of the nuclear genome. We have shown that NEIL2 forms a distinct transcriptionally active, repair proficient complex. More importantly, we for the first time reconstituted TC-BER using purified components. These studies are important for characterizing critical requirement for the process. However, because NEIL2 cannot remove all types of oxidized bases, it is unlikely to be the only DNA glycosylase involved in TC-BER. Hence, we postulate TC-BER process to be universally involved in maintaining the functional integrity of active genes, especially in post-mitotic, non-growing cells. We further postulate that abnormal bases (e.g., uracil), and alkylated and other small DNA base adducts are also repaired via TC-BER. In this review, we have provided an overview of the various aspects of TC-BER in mammalian cells with the hope of generating significant interest of many researchers in the field. Further studies aimed at better understanding the mechanistic aspects of TC-BER could help elucidate the linkage of TC-BER deficiency to various human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Chakraborty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Nisha Tapryal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Azharul Islam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Sankar Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tapas Hazra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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Concurrent impairment of nucleus and mitochondria for synergistic inhibition of cancer metastasis. Int J Pharm 2021; 608:121077. [PMID: 34487811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis, which increases the mortality in a short period of time, has been considered as the main challenge in tumor treatment. However, tumor growth suppression also should not be ignored in cancer metastasis treatment. Recently, accumulating evidences have suggested that mitochondria play an important role in mitigating caner metastasis. Nucleus, as the repository of genetic information, plays a key role in cell proliferation. However, it remains elusive that the concurrent impairment of nucleus and mitochondria may achieve better anti-tumor and anti-metastatic effects. Here, we designed a mitochondria-penetrating peptide modified doxorubicin (MPP-Dox) loaded N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer conjugates (PM), as well as a nuclear accumulating HPMA copolymer Dox conjugates (PN) by the nuclear tendency of Dox. After co-delivering the two copolymers (abbreviation for PMN), PM promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited tumor metastasis by damaging mitochondria, whereas PN suppressed cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis by destroying nucleus. Importantly, PM and PN complemented each other as expected. The mitochondrial dysfunction and tumor metastasis inhibition of PM was improved by PN, while cell proliferation suppression and apoptosis by nucleus destroying of PN was enhanced by PM. As a result, tumor growth of breast cancer 4T1 cells in vivo was significantly restrained and lung metastasis was potently decreased and almost eradicated, fully reflecting the advantages of organelle targeting combination therapy. As a consequence, our work showed that concurrent impairment of nucleus and mitochondria was feasible and beneficial to metastatic cancer treatment.
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Insights into the Role of Oxidative Stress in Ovarian Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8388258. [PMID: 34659640 PMCID: PMC8516553 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8388258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) arises when the body is subjected to harmful endogenous or exogenous factors that overwhelm the antioxidant system. There is increasing evidence that OS is involved in a number of diseases, including ovarian cancer (OC). OC is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, and risk factors include genetic factors, age, infertility, nulliparity, microbial infections, obesity, smoking, etc. OS can promote the proliferation, metastasis, and therapy resistance of OC, while high levels of OS have cytotoxic effects and induce apoptosis in OC cells. This review focuses on the relationship between OS and the development of OC from four aspects: genetic alterations, signaling pathways, transcription factors, and the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, strategies to target aberrant OS in OC are summarized and discussed, with a view to providing new ideas for clinical treatment.
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Hoffmann L, Waclawczyk MS, Tang S, Hanschmann EM, Gellert M, Rust MB, Culmsee C. Cofilin1 oxidation links oxidative distress to mitochondrial demise and neuronal cell death. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:953. [PMID: 34657120 PMCID: PMC8520533 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many cell death pathways, including apoptosis, regulated necrosis, and ferroptosis, are relevant for neuronal cell death and share common mechanisms such as the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial damage. Here, we present the role of the actin-regulating protein cofilin1 in regulating mitochondrial pathways in oxidative neuronal death. Cofilin1 deletion in neuronal HT22 cells exerted increased mitochondrial resilience, assessed by quantification of mitochondrial ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP levels. Further, cofilin1-deficient cells met their energy demand through enhanced glycolysis, whereas control cells were metabolically impaired when challenged by ferroptosis. Further, cofilin1 was confirmed as a key player in glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and associated mitochondrial damage in primary cortical neurons. Using isolated mitochondria and recombinant cofilin1, we provide a further link to toxicity-related mitochondrial impairment mediated by oxidized cofilin1. Our data revealed that the detrimental impact of cofilin1 on mitochondria depends on the oxidation of cysteine residues at positions 139 and 147. Overall, our findings show that cofilin1 acts as a redox sensor in oxidative cell death pathways of ferroptosis, and also promotes glutamate excitotoxicity. Protective effects by cofilin1 inhibition are particularly attributed to preserved mitochondrial integrity and function. Thus, interfering with the oxidation and pathological activation of cofilin1 may offer an effective therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hoffmann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center Marburg, University of Marburg, Karl-von Frisch Straße 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior-CMBB, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcel S Waclawczyk
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Tang
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center Marburg, University of Marburg, Karl-von Frisch Straße 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior-CMBB, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Hanschmann
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Manuela Gellert
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marco B Rust
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior-CMBB, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany.,Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center Marburg, University of Marburg, Karl-von Frisch Straße 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,DFG Research Training Group "Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling", GRK 2213, University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center Marburg, University of Marburg, Karl-von Frisch Straße 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany. .,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior-CMBB, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany. .,Third Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Averbeck D, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C. Role of Mitochondria in Radiation Responses: Epigenetic, Metabolic, and Signaling Impacts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011047. [PMID: 34681703 PMCID: PMC8541263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, radiation effects have been considered to be mainly due to nuclear DNA damage and their management by repair mechanisms. However, molecular biology studies reveal that the outcomes of exposures to ionizing radiation (IR) highly depend on activation and regulation through other molecular components of organelles that determine cell survival and proliferation capacities. As typical epigenetic-regulated organelles and central power stations of cells, mitochondria play an important pivotal role in those responses. They direct cellular metabolism, energy supply and homeostasis as well as radiation-induced signaling, cell death, and immunological responses. This review is focused on how energy, dose and quality of IR affect mitochondria-dependent epigenetic and functional control at the cellular and tissue level. Low-dose radiation effects on mitochondria appear to be associated with epigenetic and non-targeted effects involved in genomic instability and adaptive responses, whereas high-dose radiation effects (>1 Gy) concern therapeutic effects of radiation and long-term outcomes involving mitochondria-mediated innate and adaptive immune responses. Both effects depend on radiation quality. For example, the increased efficacy of high linear energy transfer particle radiotherapy, e.g., C-ion radiotherapy, relies on the reduction of anastasis, enhanced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and immunogenic (antitumor) responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Averbeck
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
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Kim MY, Lee H, Ji SY, Kim SY, Hwangbo H, Park SH, Kim GY, Park C, Leem SH, Hong SH, Choi YH. Induction of Apoptosis by Isoalantolactone in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hep3B Cells through Activation of the ROS-Dependent JNK Signaling Pathway. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101627. [PMID: 34683920 PMCID: PMC8540929 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoalantolactone (IALT) is one of the isomeric sesquiterpene lactones isolated from the roots of Inula helenium L. IALT is known to possess various biological and pharmacological activities, but its anti-cancer mechanisms are not well understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-proliferative effects of IALT in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and to evaluate the potential anti-cancer mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that IALT treatment concentration-dependently suppressed the cell survival of HCC Hep3B cells, which was associated with the induction of apoptosis. IALT increased the expression of death-receptor-related proteins, activated caspases, and induced Bid truncation, subsequently leading to cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. In addition, IALT contributed to the cytosolic release of cytochrome c by destroying mitochondrial integrity, following an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio. However, IALT-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis were significantly attenuated in the presence of a pan-caspase inhibitor, suggesting that IALT induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in Hep3B cells. Moreover, IALT activated the mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway, and the anti-cancer effect of IALT was significantly diminished in the presence of a potent c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor. IALT also improved the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas the ROS inhibitor significantly abrogated IALT-induced growth reduction, apoptosis, and JNK activation. Furthermore, ROS-dependent apoptosis was revealed as a mechanism involved in the anti-cancer activity of IALT in a 3D multicellular tumor spheroid model of Hep3B cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that IALT exhibited anti-cancer activity in HCC Hep3B cells by inducing ROS-dependent activation of the JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea; (M.Y.K.); (H.L.); (S.Y.J.); (S.Y.K.); (H.H.)
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea; (M.Y.K.); (H.L.); (S.Y.J.); (S.Y.K.); (H.H.)
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Seon Yeong Ji
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea; (M.Y.K.); (H.L.); (S.Y.J.); (S.Y.K.); (H.H.)
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea; (M.Y.K.); (H.L.); (S.Y.J.); (S.Y.K.); (H.H.)
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Hyun Hwangbo
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea; (M.Y.K.); (H.L.); (S.Y.J.); (S.Y.K.); (H.H.)
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Shin-Hyung Park
- Department of Pathology, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea;
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Cheol Park
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Liberal Studies, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Korea;
| | - Sun-Hee Leem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea;
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduated of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea; (M.Y.K.); (H.L.); (S.Y.J.); (S.Y.K.); (H.H.)
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.H.); (Y.H.C.); Tel.: +82-051-890-3334 (S.H.H.); +82-051-890-3319 (Y.H.C.)
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea; (M.Y.K.); (H.L.); (S.Y.J.); (S.Y.K.); (H.H.)
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.H.); (Y.H.C.); Tel.: +82-051-890-3334 (S.H.H.); +82-051-890-3319 (Y.H.C.)
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Mahapatra K, Banerjee S, De S, Mitra M, Roy P, Roy S. An Insight Into the Mechanism of Plant Organelle Genome Maintenance and Implications of Organelle Genome in Crop Improvement: An Update. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:671698. [PMID: 34447743 PMCID: PMC8383295 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.671698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the nuclear genome, plants possess two small extra chromosomal genomes in mitochondria and chloroplast, respectively, which contribute a small fraction of the organelles’ proteome. Both mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA have originated endosymbiotically and most of their prokaryotic genes were either lost or transferred to the nuclear genome through endosymbiotic gene transfer during the course of evolution. Due to their immobile nature, plant nuclear and organellar genomes face continuous threat from diverse exogenous agents as well as some reactive by-products or intermediates released from various endogenous metabolic pathways. These factors eventually affect the overall plant growth and development and finally productivity. The detailed mechanism of DNA damage response and repair following accumulation of various forms of DNA lesions, including single and double-strand breaks (SSBs and DSBs) have been well documented for the nuclear genome and now it has been extended to the organelles also. Recently, it has been shown that both mitochondria and chloroplast possess a counterpart of most of the nuclear DNA damage repair pathways and share remarkable similarities with different damage repair proteins present in the nucleus. Among various repair pathways, homologous recombination (HR) is crucial for the repair as well as the evolution of organellar genomes. Along with the repair pathways, various other factors, such as the MSH1 and WHIRLY family proteins, WHY1, WHY2, and WHY3 are also known to be involved in maintaining low mutation rates and structural integrity of mitochondrial and chloroplast genome. SOG1, the central regulator in DNA damage response in plants, has also been found to mediate endoreduplication and cell-cycle progression through chloroplast to nucleus retrograde signaling in response to chloroplast genome instability. Various proteins associated with the maintenance of genome stability are targeted to both nuclear and organellar compartments, establishing communication between organelles as well as organelles and nucleus. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of DNA damage repair and inter compartmental crosstalk mechanism in various sub-cellular organelles following induction of DNA damage and identification of key components of such signaling cascades may eventually be translated into strategies for crop improvement under abiotic and genotoxic stress conditions. This review mainly highlights the current understanding as well as the importance of different aspects of organelle genome maintenance mechanisms in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Mahapatra
- Department of Botany, UGC Center for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India
| | - Samrat Banerjee
- Department of Botany, UGC Center for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India
| | - Sayanti De
- Department of Botany, UGC Center for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India
| | - Mehali Mitra
- Department of Botany, UGC Center for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India
| | - Pinaki Roy
- Department of Botany, UGC Center for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India
| | - Sujit Roy
- Department of Botany, UGC Center for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India
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