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Assiry HM, Hamed AR, Mohamed GA, Ibrahim SRM, Koshak AE, Malebari AM, Fadil SA, Abdallah HM. Acetyl barlerin from Barleria trispinosa induces chemopreventive NQO1 and attenuates LPS-induced inflammation: in vitro and molecular dynamic studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-12. [PMID: 38116740 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2293272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Extraction and fractionation of Barleria trispinosa growing in Saudi Arabia yielded four iridoid compounds identified by spectroscopic techniques as acetylbarlerin (1), barlerin (2), shanzhiside methyl ester (3) and 6-⍺-L-rhamnopyranosyl-8-O-acetylshanzihiside methyl ester (4). Preliminary experiments confirmed that compound 1 acts as an inducer of chemopreventive NAD(P)H:Quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) enzymatic activity in a murine hepatoma (Hepa1c1c7) chemoprevention model. It also demonstrated the ability to inhibit the lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in the RAW264.7 macrophage model. Western blotting revealed the ability of compound 1 to up-regulate the protein expression of the NQO1 marker. Furthermore, compound 1 elicited NO suppression in RAW264.7 macrophages by inhibiting iNOS protein expression. Molecular docking and molecular simulation studies of 1 supported its experimental results as an inhibitor of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2-KEAP1) complex, resulting in Nrf2-mediated induction of chemopreventive NQO1.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza M Assiry
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed R Hamed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department & Biology Unit, Central Laboratory for Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabrin R M Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman E Koshak
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azizah M Malebari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana A Fadil
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam M Abdallah
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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2
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García-Martínez BI, Ruiz-Ramos M, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Santiago-Osorio E, Mendoza-Núñez VM. Effect of Resveratrol on Markers of Oxidative Stress and Sirtuin 1 in Elderly Adults with Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087422. [PMID: 37108584 PMCID: PMC10138491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects a large part of the adult population and impairs its quality of life. Because of this, natural compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic properties have been used as adjuvants. Among these compounds, resveratrol (RV) stands out, a polyphenol that has been studied in several clinical trials, the results of which are controversial. We conducted a randomized clinical trial on 97 older adults with T2D to evaluate the effect of RV on oxidative stress markers and sirtuin 1, using doses of 1000 mg/day (EG1000, n = 37) and 500 mg/day (EG500, n = 32) compared with a placebo (PG, n = 28). Biochemical markers, oxidative stress and sirtuin 1 levels were measured at baseline and after six months. We observed a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) in total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant gap, the percentage of subjects without oxidant stress and sirtuin 1 levels in EG1000. In the PG, we observed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in lipoperoxides, isoprostanes and C-reactive protein levels. An increase in the oxidative stress score and in the percentage of subjects with mild and moderate oxidative stress was observed too. Our findings suggest that 1000 mg/day of RV exerts a more efficient antioxidant effect than 500 mg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Isabel García-Martínez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Unidad de Posgrado, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| | - Mirna Ruiz-Ramos
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 09230, Mexico
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Pouremamali F, Pouremamali A, Dadashpour M, Soozangar N, Jeddi F. An update of Nrf2 activators and inhibitors in cancer prevention/promotion. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:100. [PMID: 35773670 PMCID: PMC9245222 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein is a basic-region leucine zipper transcription factor that defends against endogenous or exogenous stressors. By inducing several cytoprotective and detoxifying gene expressions, Nrf2 can increase the sensitivity of the cells to oxidants and electrophiles. Transient Nrf2 activation, by its specific activators, has protective roles against carcinogenesis and cancer development. However, permanent activation of Nrf2 promotes various cancer properties, comprising malignant progression, chemo/radio resistance, and poor patient prognosis. Taken together, these findings suggest that reaching an optimal balance between paradoxical functions of Nrf2 in malignancy may render a selective improvement to identify therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment. In this review, we describe lately discovered Nrf2 inducers and inhibitors, and their chemopreventive and/or anticancer activities. The Nrf2 pathway signifies one of the most significant cell defense procedures against exogenous or endogenous stressors. Certainly, by increasing the expression of several cytoprotective genes, the transcription factor Nrf2 can shelter cells and tissues from multiple sources of damage including electrophilic, xenobiotic, metabolic, and oxidative stress. Notably, the aberrant activation or accumulation of Nrf2, a common event in many tumors, confers a selective advantage to cancer cells and is connected to malignant progression, therapy resistance, and poor prognosis. Therefore, lately, Nrf2 has arisen as a hopeful target in treatment of cancer, and many struggles have been made to detect therapeutic strategies intended at disrupting its pro-oncogenic role. By summarizing the outcomes from past and recent studies, this review provided an overview concerning the Nrf2 pathway and the molecular mechanisms causing Nrf2 hyperactivation in cancer cells. Finally, this paper also described some of the most promising therapeutic approaches that have been successfully employed to counteract Nrf2 activity in tumors, with a particular emphasis on the development of natural compounds and the adoption of drug repurposing strategies. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Pouremamali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Pouremamali
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dadashpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Narges Soozangar
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran. .,Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Farhad Jeddi
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Datta S, Ghosh S, Bishayee A, Sinha D. Flexion of Nrf2 by tea phytochemicals: A review on the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic implications. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106319. [PMID: 35732198 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2 [NF-E2]-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the redox-sensitive transcription factor, plays a key role in stress-defense and detoxification. Nrf2 is tightly controlled by its negative regulator cum sensor Kelch-[ECH]-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Nrf2 is well known for its dual nature owing to its cancer preventive and cancer promoting abilities. Modulation of this biphasic nature of Nrf2 signaling by phytochemicals may be a potential cancer preventive and anticancer therapeutic strategy. Phytocompounds may either act as Nrf2-activator or Nrf2-inhibitor depending on their differential concentration and varied cellular environment. Tea is not just the most popular global beverage with innumerable health-benefits but has well-established chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects. Various types of tea infusions contain a wide range of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenolic catechins and flavonols, which are endowed with potent antioxidant properties. Despite of their rapid biotransformation and poor bioavailability, regular tea consumption is risk-reductive for several cancer forms. Tea catechins show their dual Nrf2-modulatory effect by directly acting on Nrf2-Keap1 or their upstream regulators and downstream effectors in a highly case-specific manner. In this review, we have tried to present a comprehensive evaluation of the Nrf2-mediated chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic applications of tea in various preclinical cancer models, the Nrf2-modulatory mechanisms, and the limitations which need to be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchisnigdha Datta
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata - 700 026, West Bengal, India
| | - Sukanya Ghosh
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata - 700 026, West Bengal, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
| | - Dona Sinha
- Department of Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata - 700 026, West Bengal, India.
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5
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Maurya L, Singh S, Shah K, Dewangan HK. Dual Vinorelbine bitartrate and Resveratrol Loaded Polymeric Aqueous core Nanocapsules for Synergistic Efficacy in Breast Cancer. J Microencapsul 2022; 39:299-313. [PMID: 35470755 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2022.2070679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM The current study focused on the development and evaluation of aqueous core nanocapsules (ACNs) as an effective carrier to deliver an optimal synergistic combination of a highly water soluble Vinorelbine bitartrate (VRL) and a poorly water-soluble Resveratrol (RES) for treatment of breast cancer. METHODS Various molar ratios of VRL to RES were screened against MCF-7 cell lines to determine the synergistic effects using Chou-Talalay method. Synergistic ratio of therapeutic agents was then incorporated into aqueous core nanocapsules utilizing a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique to yield dual drug loaded nanocapsules (dd-ACNs). The dd-ACNs were optimized using Box-Behnken design and characterized for physicochemical parameters such as particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, total drug content and encapsulation efficiency, surface morphology, drug excipient compatibility by FTIR and DSC, release kinetics, toxicity studies and anticancer efficacy (in-vitro and in-vivo). RESULTS Results demonstrated that the combination exhibited maximum synergy when higher doses of VRL were combined with smaller doses of RES (1:1, 5:1, and 10:1). The dual drug loaded ACNs were found to be stable and depicted a core-shell structure, narrow size range (150.2 ± 3.2 nm) with enhanced encapsulation (80% for VRL and 99% for RES). Moreover, the dd-ACNs were 5 times more efficacious in-vitro than a combination of free drugs, while reducing systemic toxicity. Also, pre-clinical evaluation of dd-ACNs also depicted drastic reduction of tumor volume as compared tp pristine VRL and physical combination of drugs. CONCLUSION The developed dd-ACNs can be applied as potential carrier for delivery of combination of chemotherapeutics at a synergistic ratio at tumor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Maurya
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Meerut Road (NH-58), Ghaziabad-201206, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi- 221005, India
| | - Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research (IPR), GLA University, Mathura, NH-2 Mathura Delhi Road, PO- Chamuhan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh-281406, India
| | - Hitesh Kumar Dewangan
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University NH-95, Chandigarh Ludhiana Highway, Mohali- 160101, Punjab, India
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Guetchueng ST, Nahar L, Ritchie KJ, Sarker SD. Evaluation of the chemopreventive effect of selected medicinal plants extracts via induction of the Nrf2 in a modified model of breast cancer cells: identification of bioactive lead compounds. Eur J Cancer Prev 2022; 31:50-53. [PMID: 34871198 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cancer chemopreventive potential of various solvent extracts from six medicinal plants was evaluated by their ability to activate the transcription factor Nrf2 using AREc32 cells, which contain a luciferase gene under the control of antioxidant responsive element promoters. Nrf2 regulates the expression of many detoxification enzymes, making it an ideal target for cancer prevention. The present research revealed Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides extracts as promising sources of cancer chemopreventive compounds. Bioassay-guided isolation of the Z. Zanthoxyloides methanol extract resulted in the isolation of N-methylatanine, N-methylplatydesminecation, sesamin and skimmianine. Among these compounds, skimmianine was identified as the most active compound, causing a 2.8-fold increase in luciferase activity. Skimmianine and other related quinolone alkaloids could represent an appropriate starting scaffold for the development of new chemopreventive cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie T Guetchueng
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kenneth J Ritchie
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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7
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Bisavenathramide Analogues as Nrf2 Inductors and Neuroprotectors in In Vitro Models of Oxidative Stress and Hyperphosphorylation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060941. [PMID: 34200859 PMCID: PMC8230565 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is crucial to the outbreak and advancement of neurodegenerative diseases and is a common factor to many of them. We describe the synthesis of a library of derivatives of the 4-arylmethylen-2-pyrrolin-5-one framework by sequential application of a three-component reaction of primary amines, β-dicarbonyl compounds, and α-haloketones and a Knoevenagel condensation. These compounds can be viewed as cyclic amides of caffeic and ferulic acids, and are also structurally related to the bisavenanthramide family of natural antioxidants. Most members of the library showed low cytotoxicity and good activity as inductors of Nrf2, a transcription factor that acts as the master regulator of the antioxidant response associated with activation of the antioxidant response element (ARE). Nrf2-dependent protein expression was also proved by the significant increase in the levels of the HMOX1 and NQO1 proteins. Some compounds exerted neuroprotective properties in oxidative stress situations, such as rotenone/oligomycin-induced toxicity, and also against protein hyperphosphorylation induced by the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid. Compound 3i, which can be considered a good candidate for further hit-to-lead development against neurodegenerative diseases due to its well-balanced multitarget profile, was further characterized by proving its ability to reduce phosphorylated Tau levels.
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8
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Cuellar-Núñez ML, Gonzalez de Mejia E, Loarca-Piña G. Moringa oleifera leaves alleviated inflammation through downregulation of IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α in a colitis-associated colorectal cancer model. Food Res Int 2021; 144:110318. [PMID: 34053523 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
New chemopreventive alternatives are needed due to the rising worldwide incidence of colorectal cancer. The objective was to evaluate the chemopreventive activity of Moringa oleifera leaves (MO) in a colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis model. We hypothesized that MO contain bioactive compounds capable of modulating the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response and carcinogenesis. Forty-eight male mice (CD-1) were divided into six groups; 1: Healthy control; 2: Positive control induced with azoxymethane (AOM, 10 mg/Kg body weight, intraperitoneal injection) and three cycles of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS, 1.5% in drinking water); groups 3, 4, and 5 were induced with AOM/DSS and supplemented with 5%, 10%, and 20% of MO, respectively; group 6: had no disease induction and supplemented with 20% of MO. Mice were treated for 12 weeks and euthanized. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found for the moringa-administered groups in morphological and histopathological parameters compared to the AOM/DSS control. A decrease in myeloperoxidase activity (~50%) and lipid peroxidation (1.9-3.1 times) were found in groups with 10% and 20% of MO compared to the AOM/DSS control (p < 0.05). The group supplemented with 10% MO showed a significant increase (~3 times) in butyrate and propionate in fecal and cecal content. Groups supplemented with 10%, and 20% MO showed a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines in serum (MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-α) compared to the AOM/DSS control. Treatment with 10% MO induced differential expression of 65 genes in colon tissue such as IL-2, IL-6, TNF, IL-1ß, and INF-γ. MO downregulated proinflammatory mediators showing chemopreventive properties against inflammatory response and colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Cuellar-Núñez
- Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Qro 76010, Mexico; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States
| | - E Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States
| | - G Loarca-Piña
- Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la República (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Qro 76010, Mexico.
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Abstract
Over the past decade, oxidative stress was shown to be a key factor for various diseases. The term “antioxidant” also rapidly gained attention worldwide, viewed as beneficial in disease prevention. Resveratrol (RSV), a natural polyphenol, is a plant antitoxin formed in response to harmful environmental factors such as infection and injury. This antitoxin is found in grapes, strawberries, peanuts, or herbal medicines and exhibits many pharmacological effects involved in antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiaging, and antioxidation stress mechanisms. Recently, numerous in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that RSV harbors antioxidative stress properties and can be used as an antioxidant. Here, we review the free radical scavenging ability, antioxidant properties, signaling pathways, expression and regulation of antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative stress-related diseases associated with RSV.
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10
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Mumtaz MZ, Kausar F, Hassan M, Javaid S, Malik A. Anticancer activities of phenolic compounds from Moringa oleifera leaves: in vitro and in silico mechanistic study. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-021-00101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Moringa oleifera is a common vegetable in many countries since ancient times, possesses numerous phenolic compounds having a wide array of biological activities. It possesses anticancer activity that can be used to develop new drugs for treatment of various types of cancers. The current study was conducted to evaluate the composition of phenolic compounds and in vitro and in silico anticancer activities of M. oleifera leaves extracts. The leaves of M. oleifera were subjected to extraction for solvent fraction using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous solvents. The solvent fractions were tested for anticancer activity in vitro against Hela cancer cell line and screened for phenolic compounds through reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The molecular docking approach was employed to check binding conformations of phytochemicals against the target protein.
Result
The result revealed that all the solvent fractions possess in vitro anticancer activity against Hela cancer cell line. The n-hexane fraction showed a 50% reduction in Hela cancer cell viability at 416 μg mL−1 as compared to control. The extracts of solvent-fraction contained 10 phenolic compounds viz. quercetin, gallic acid, sinapic acid, vanillic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, and syringic acid. Molecular docking studies revealed that the ligands bind within the active site of target protein have good binding energy values.
Conclusion
This study shows that M. oleifera leaves may have the potential to inhibit cancer cell growth and improving human health in addition to food ingredient innovations. Based on in vitro and in silico results, the phytochemicals from M. oleifera leaves can be used as leading drugs to treat cancer.
Graphical abstract
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Talebi M, Talebi M, Farkhondeh T, Mishra G, İlgün S, Samarghandian S. New insights into the role of the Nrf2 signaling pathway in green tea catechin applications. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3078-3112. [PMID: 33569875 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcriptional signaling pathway that plays a crucial role in numerous clinical complications. Pivotal roles of Nrf2 have been proved in cancer, autoimmune diseases, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, renal injuries, respiratory conditions, gastrointestinal disturbances, and general disorders related to oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, gelatinolysis, autophagy, and fibrogenesis processes. Green tea catechins as a rich source of phenolic compounds can deal with various clinical problems and manifestations. In this review, we attempted to focus on intervention between green tea catechins and Nrf2. Green tea catechins especially epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) elucidated the protective role of Nrf2 and its downstream molecules in various disorders through Keap-1, HO-1, NQO-1, GPx, GCLc, GCLm, NF-kB cross-link, kinases, and apoptotic proteins. Subsequently, we compiled an updated expansions of the Nrf2 role as a gate to manage and protect different disorders and feasible indications of green tea catechins through this signaling pathway. The present review highlighted recent evidence-based data in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies on an outline for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Talebi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA.,Department of Research & Development, Viatris Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Gaurav Mishra
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Ayurveda, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Selen İlgün
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Quercetin Immobilization onto Chitosan-Functionalized Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles: Biocompatible Nanomedicine for Overcoming Cancer Cells. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-01982-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Hussain T, Murtaza G, Yang H, Kalhoro MS, Kalhoro DH. Exploiting Anti-Inflammation Effects of Flavonoids in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2610-2619. [PMID: 32268861 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200408101550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a complex response of the host defense system to different internal and external stimuli. It is believed that persistent inflammation may lead to chronic inflammatory diseases such as, inflammatory bowel disease, neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress is the main factor responsible for the augmentation of inflammation via various molecular pathways. Therefore, alleviating oxidative stress is effective a therapeutic option against chronic inflammatory diseases. METHODS This review article extends the knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoids targeting inflammatory pathways in chronic diseases, which would be the best approach for the development of suitable therapeutic agents against chronic diseases. RESULTS Since the inflammatory response is initiated by numerous signaling molecules like NF-κB, MAPK, and Arachidonic acid pathways, their encountering function can be evaluated with the activation of Nrf2 pathway, a promising approach to inhibit/prevent chronic inflammatory diseases by flavonoids. Over the last few decades, flavonoids drew much attention as a potent alternative therapeutic agent. Recent clinical evidence has shown significant impacts of flavonoids on chronic diseases in different in-vivo and in-vitro models. CONCLUSION Flavonoid compounds can interact with chronic inflammatory diseases at the cellular level and modulate the response of protein pathways. A promising approach is needed to overlook suitable alternative compounds providing more therapeutic efficacy and exerting fewer side effects than commercially available antiinflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Hussain
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), P.O. Box: 128, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan,Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (SBBUVAS), Sakrand, 67210, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan International Joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Muhammad S Kalhoro
- Food Engineering and Bioprocess Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, 12120, Thailand
| | - Dildar H Kalhoro
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh
Agriculture University, Tandojam, Sindh, 70050, Pakistan
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14
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Braicu C, Zanoaga O, Zimta AA, Tigu AB, Kilpatrick KL, Bishayee A, Nabavi SM, Berindan-Neagoe I. Natural compounds modulate the crosstalk between apoptosis- and autophagy-regulated signaling pathways: Controlling the uncontrolled expansion of tumor cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:218-236. [PMID: 32502598 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the high number of annual cancer-related deaths, and the economic burden that this malignancy affects today's society, the study of compounds isolated from natural sources should be encouraged. Most cancers are the result of a combined effect of lifestyle, environmental factors, and genetic and hereditary components. Recent literature reveals an increase in the interest for the study of phytochemicals from traditional medicine, this being a valuable resource for modern medicine to identify novel bioactive agents with potential medicinal applications. Phytochemicals are components of traditional medicine that are showing promising application in modern medicine due to their antitumor activities. Recent studies regarding two major mechanisms underlying cancer development and regulation, apoptosis and autophagy, have shown that the signaling pathways of both these processes are significantly interconnected through various mechanisms of crosstalk. Phytochemicals are able to activate pro-autophagic and pro-apoptosis mechanisms. Understanding the molecular mechanism involved in apoptosis-autophagy relationship modulated by phytochemicals plays a key role in development of a new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. The purpose of this review is to outline the bioactive properties of the natural phytochemicals with validated antitumor activity, focusing particularly on their role in the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy crosstalk that triggers the uncontrolled expansion of tumor cells. Furthermore, we have also critically discussed the limitations and challenges of existing research strategies and the prospective research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Zanoaga
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina-Andreea Zimta
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Bogdan Tigu
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of Biology and Geology, 42 Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1435916471, Iran
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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15
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Jee SC, Kim M, Sung JS. Modulatory Effects of Silymarin on Benzo[a]pyrene-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072369. [PMID: 32235460 PMCID: PMC7177818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is a group 1 carcinogen that introduces mutagenic DNA adducts into the genome. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of silymarin in the reduction of DNA adduct formation by B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), induced by B[a]P. B[a]P exhibited toxicity in HepG2 cells, whereas co-treatment of the cells with B[a]P and silymarin reduced the formation of BPDE-DNA adducts, thereby increasing cell viability. Determination of the level of major B[a]P metabolites in the treated cells showed that BPDE levels were reduced by silymarin. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) were found to be involved in the activation of detoxifying genes against B[a]P-mediated toxicity. Silymarin did not increase the expression of these major transcription factors, but greatly facilitated their nuclear translocation. In this manner, treatment of HepG2 cells with silymarin modulated detoxification enzymes through NRF2 and PXR to eliminate B[a]P metabolites. Knockdown of Nrf2 abolished the preventive effect of silymarin on BPDE-DNA adduct formation, indicating that activation of the Nrf2 pathway plays a key role in preventing B[a]P-induced genotoxicity. Our results suggest that silymarin has anti-genotoxic effects, as it prevents BPDE-DNA adduct formation by modulating the Nrf2 and PXR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5132; Fax: +82-31-961-5108
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16
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Kumar N, Goel N. Phenolic acids: Natural versatile molecules with promising therapeutic applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 24:e00370. [PMID: 31516850 PMCID: PMC6734135 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant phenolics are considered to be a vital human dietary component and exhibit a tremendous antioxidant activity as well as other health benefits. Epidemiology evidence indicates that a diet rich in antioxidant fruits and vegetables significantly reduces the risk of many oxidative stress related diseases viz. cancers, diabetes and cardiovascular. The number and position of hydroxyl group in a particular phenolic compound leads to the variation in their antioxidant potential. Polyphenols are the main source of dietary antioxidants, and are effortlessly absorbed in the intestine. Phenolic acids, a sub class of plant phenolics, possess phenol moiety and resonance stabilized structure which causes the H-atom donation results in antioxidant property through radical scavenging mechanism. Other mode such as radical quenching via electron donation and singlet oxygen quenching are also known for the antioxidant activity of phenolic acids. Furthermore, phenolic acids are found ubiquitously and well documented for other health protective effects like antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic etc. The contribution emphasize on the phenolic acids potential in drug discovery. In addition their occurrence, biosynthesis, metabolism and health effects are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol Campus, Indore, Madhya Pradesh-453552, India
| | - Nidhi Goel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India
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17
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Pompili S, Sferra R, Gaudio E, Viscido A, Frieri G, Vetuschi A, Latella G. Can Nrf2 Modulate the Development of Intestinal Fibrosis and Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4061. [PMID: 31434263 PMCID: PMC6720292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main mechanisms carried out by the cells to counteract several forms of stress is the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) signaling. Nrf2 signaling controls the expression of many genes through the binding of a specific cis-acting element known as the antioxidant response element (ARE). Activation of Nrf2/ARE signaling can mitigate several pathologic mechanisms associated with an autoimmune response, digestive and metabolic disorders, as well as respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, several studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 pathway plays a key role in inflammation and in cancer development in many organs, including the intestine. Nrf2 appears to be involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), an immune-mediated chronic and disabling disease, with a high risk of developing intestinal fibrotic strictures and cancer. Currently, drugs able to increase cytoprotective Nrf2 function are in clinical trials or already being used in clinical practice to reduce the progression of some degenerative conditions. The role of Nrf2 in cancer development and progression is controversial, and drugs able to inhibit abnormal levels of Nrf2 are also under investigation. The goal of this review is to analyze and discuss Nrf2-dependent signals in the initiation and progression of intestinal fibrosis and cancers occurring in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pompili
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberta Sferra
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Viscido
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Frieri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonella Vetuschi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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18
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Liao S, Lin J, Liu J, Chen T, Xu M, Zheng J. Chemoprevention of elite tea variety CFT-1 rich in EGCG against chemically induced liver cancer in rats. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:2647-2665. [PMID: 31428352 PMCID: PMC6694417 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze cv. CFT-1 is an elite tea variety bred by sexual hybridization with a high content of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as 134.2 mg/g (which is 2.54-fold that of the common variety). This study was to evaluate the chemopreventive effects of CFT-1 green tea infusion (CFT-1) against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and its mechanisms. The results showed that CFT-1 had a superior inhibitory effect in NDEA-initiated hepatocarcinogenesis compared to that of common tea. CFT-1 significantly reduced the hepatic nodules incidence, size, and number and prevented the hepatic adenoma or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) formation. In particular, CFT-1-treated animals had the least incidence of HCC (8.33%) followed by common tea treatment (40.00%) and model control rats (87.50%). CFT-1 treatment significantly ameliorated abnormal liver function enzymes, reduced serum AFP, CEA, TSGF, and TNF-α levels, inhibited the dickkopf-related protein-1 expression, enhanced antioxidant capacity, suppressed the production of livers 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, and regulated hepatic phase I and II xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Transcriptomic analysis of liver tissue suggested that compared to common tea, administration of CFT-1 regulated larger gene sets, which were located in several important pathways of antioxidants, inflammatory network, xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and metabolism associated with liver tumorigenesis. We identified some genes as potential molecular targets involved in the prevention of CFT-1 and found that CFT-1 inhibited inflammation response, proliferation, and accelerated apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB and PI3K/Akt pathway. Thus, EGCG-rich CFT-1 green tea might be a potential choice for liver cancer prevention/treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufeng Liao
- Agricultural Product Quality InstituteFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jinke Lin
- Anxi College of Tea ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Agricultural Product Quality InstituteFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Tuansheng Chen
- Hospital of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Ming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Crop BiotechnologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jingui Zheng
- Agricultural Product Quality InstituteFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
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19
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Rakariyatham K, Yang X, Gao Z, Song M, Han Y, Chen X, Xiao H. Synergistic chemopreventive effect of allyl isothiocyanate and sulforaphane on non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. Food Funct 2019; 10:893-902. [PMID: 30694275 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01914b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates from cruciferous vegetables are known for their potential anti-carcinogenic activities. These isothiocyanates are frequently consumed together as part of a regular diet, but their combined effects on carcinogenesis have not been well studied. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that combination of two isothiocyanates, i.e. allyl isothiocyanate and sulforaphane, produced a synergy in inhibiting the growth of A549 lung cancer cells. Our results showed that the combination treatment led to a stronger growth inhibition than the singular treatment. Isobologram analysis proved that the enhanced inhibitory effect of the combination treatment was synergistic. Flow cytometry demonstrated that the combination treatment caused more extensive cell cycle arrest and apoptosis than the singular treatment with modified expression of key proteins regulating these cellular processes. The combined treatment resulted in the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, which might contribute to the inhibitory effects on cancer cells. Moreover, a synergy between allyl isothiocyanate and sulforaphane was also observed in anti-cell migration. Collectively, our results have demonstrated the potential of different isothiocyanates used in combination to produce enhanced protective effects against carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanyasiri Rakariyatham
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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20
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The synergistic impact of quinacrine on cell cycle and anti-invasiveness behaviors of doxorubicin in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Ethanol-Mediated Stress Promotes Autophagic Survival and Aggressiveness of Colon Cancer Cells via Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040505. [PMID: 30974805 PMCID: PMC6521343 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that chronic alcohol consumption is a lifestyle risk factor strongly associated with colorectal cancer development and progression. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of ethanol (EtOH) on survival and progression of three different colon cancer cell lines (HCT116, HT29, and Caco-2). Our data showed that EtOH induces oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as demonstrated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ER stress markers Grp78, ATF6, PERK and, CHOP increase. Moreover, EtOH triggers an autophagic response which is accompanied by the upregulation of beclin, LC3-II, ATG7, and p62 proteins. The addition of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine significantly prevents autophagy, suggesting that autophagy is triggered by oxidative stress as a prosurvival response. EtOH treatment also upregulates the antioxidant enzymes SOD, catalase, and heme oxygenase (HO-1) and promotes the nuclear translocation of both Nrf2 and HO-1. Interestingly, EtOH also upregulates the levels of matrix metalloproteases (MMP2 and MMP9) and VEGF. Nrf2 silencing or preventing HO-1 nuclear translocation by the protease inhibitor E64d abrogates the EtOH-induced increase in the antioxidant enzyme levels as well as the migration markers. Taken together, our results suggest that EtOH mediates both the activation of Nrf2 and HO-1 to sustain colon cancer cell survival, thus leading to the acquisition of a more aggressive phenotype.
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22
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Autophagy-associated signal pathways of functional foods for chronic diseases. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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Hegazy AM, El-Sayed EM, Ibrahim KS, Abdel-Azeem AS. Dietary antioxidant for disease prevention corroborated by the Nrf2 pathway. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 16:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2018-0161/jcim-2018-0161.xml. [PMID: 30726190 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2018-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dietary antioxidants are widely distributed in various types of our food. They are strongly associated with reduced risk of many chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer, and Alzheimer's diseases. They include vitamins such as vitamins A, E, C, and carotenoids. Also, some minerals like; zinc, manganese, copper, iron, and selenium are essential for the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, dietary polyphenols and flavonoids are considered as potent antioxidant compounds. Vegetables, fruits, and edible herbs are the richest sources of such antioxidants. Antioxidants reduce oxidative stress, either directly by reducing reactive species or indirectly by enhancing the body antioxidant defense mechanisms in different ways. These may include upregulating gene expression of some antioxidant enzymes via a nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor2 pathway. Administration of a mixture of antioxidants is beneficial since they act synergistically in various phases. The aims of this review are to summarize the different antioxidants from dietary sources and their role in the prevention of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany M Hegazy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman M El-Sayed
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khadiga S Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amal S Abdel-Azeem
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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24
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Golonko A, Pienkowski T, Swislocka R, Lazny R, Roszko M, Lewandowski W. Another look at phenolic compounds in cancer therapy the effect of polyphenols on ubiquitin-proteasome system. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:291-311. [PMID: 30776692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) have been the object of research interests for many years because of their potential as anti-cancer agents. Research in this field is aimed at improving the specificity and safety of known proteasome inhibitors. Unfortunately, in vitro conditions do not reflect the processes taking place in the human body. Recent reports indicate that the components of human plasma affect the course of many signaling pathways, proteasome activity and the effectiveness of synthetic cytostatic drugs. Therefore, it is believed that the key issue is to determine the effects of components of the human diet, including effects of chemically active polyphenols on the ubiquitin-proteasome system activity in both physiological and pathological (cancerous) states. The following article summarizes the current knowledge on the direct and indirect synergistic and antagonistic effects between polyphenolic compounds present in the human diet and the efficiency of protein degradation via the UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Golonko
- Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pienkowski
- Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Renata Swislocka
- Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ryszard Lazny
- Institut of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marek Roszko
- Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wlodzimierz Lewandowski
- Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland.
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25
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Sahin K, Yenice E, Bilir B, Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Sahin N, Ozercan IH, Kabil N, Ozpolat B, Kucuk O. Genistein Prevents Development of Spontaneous Ovarian Cancer and Inhibits Tumor Growth in Hen Model. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:135-146. [PMID: 30651293 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genistein, the major isoflavone in soybean, has been reported to exert anticancer effects on various types of cancer including ovarian cancer; however, its chemopreventive effects and mechanisms of action in ovarian cancer have not been fully elucidated in spontaneously developing ovarian cancer models. In this study, we demonstrated the preventive effects and mechanisms of genistein in the laying hen model that develops spontaneous ovarian cancer at high incidence rates. Laying hens were randomized to three groups: control (3.01 mg/hen, n = 100), low (52.48 mg/hen n = 100), and high genistein supplementation (106.26 mg/hen/day; per group). At the end of 78 weeks, hens were euthanized and ovarian tumors were collected and analyzed. We observed that genistein supplementation significantly reduced the ovarian tumor incidence (P = 0.002), as well as the number and size of the tumors (P = 0.0001). Molecular analysis of the ovarian tumors revealed that genistein downregulated serum malondialdehyde, a marker for oxidative stress and the expression of NFκB and Bcl-2, whereas it upregulated Nrf2, HO-1, and Bax expression at protein level in ovarian tissues. Moreover, genistein intake decreased the activity of mTOR pathway as evidenced by reduced phosphorylation of mTOR, p70S6K1, and 4E-BP1. Taken together, our findings strongly support the potential of genistein in the chemoprevention of ovarian cancer and highlight the effects of the genistein on the molecular pathways involved in ovarian tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | - Birdal Bilir
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim H Ozercan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nashwa Kabil
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Omer Kucuk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. .,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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26
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Staurengo-Ferrari L, Badaro-Garcia S, Hohmann MSN, Manchope MF, Zaninelli TH, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Contribution of Nrf2 Modulation to the Mechanism of Action of Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Pre-clinical and Clinical Stages. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1536. [PMID: 30687097 PMCID: PMC6337248 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress that has occurred in recent years in the development of therapies to treat painful and inflammatory diseases, there is still a need for effective and potent analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs. It has long been known that several types of antioxidants also possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, indicating a strong relationship between inflammation and oxidative stress. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of action of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, as well as essential targets in disease physiopathology, is essential to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The Nuclear factor-2 erythroid related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regulates cellular redox status through endogenous antioxidant systems with simultaneous anti-inflammatory activity. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms and pharmacological actions screened that link analgesic, anti-inflammatory, natural products, and other therapies to Nrf2 as a regulatory system based on emerging evidences from experimental disease models and new clinical trial data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Staurengo-Ferrari
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Badaro-Garcia
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Miriam S. N. Hohmann
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Marília F. Manchope
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Tiago H. Zaninelli
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A. Verri
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Bonam SR, Wu YS, Tunki L, Chellian R, Halmuthur MSK, Muller S, Pandy V. What Has Come out from Phytomedicines and Herbal Edibles for the Treatment of Cancer? ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1854-1872. [PMID: 29927521 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several modern treatment strategies have been adopted to combat cancer with the aim of minimizing toxicity. Medicinal plant-based compounds with the potential to treat cancer have been widely studied in preclinical research and have elicited many innovations in cutting-edge clinical research. In parallel, researchers have eagerly tried to decrease the toxicity of current chemotherapeutic agents either by combining them with herbals or in using herbals alone. The aim of this article is to present an update of medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds, or mere changes in the bioactive compounds, along with herbal edibles, which display efficacy against diverse cancer cells and in anticancer therapy. It describes the basic mechanism(s) of action of phytochemicals used either alone or in combination therapy with other phytochemicals or herbal edibles. This review also highlights the remarkable synergistic effects that arise between certain herbals and chemotherapeutic agents used in oncology. The anticancer phytochemicals used in clinical research are also described; furthermore, we discuss our own experience related to semisynthetic derivatives, which are developed based on phytochemicals. Overall, this compilation is intended to facilitate research and development projects on phytopharmaceuticals for successful anticancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- UMR 7242 CNRS, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, University of Strasbourg, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Illkirch, 67400, France.,Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lakshmi Tunki
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Ranjithkumar Chellian
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahabalarao Sampath Kumar Halmuthur
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Sylviane Muller
- UMR 7242 CNRS, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, University of Strasbourg, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Illkirch, 67400, France.,University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Vijayapandi Pandy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522034, India
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Seydi E, Salimi A, Rasekh HR, Mohsenifar Z, Pourahmad J. Selective Cytotoxicity of Luteolin and Kaempferol on Cancerous Hepatocytes Obtained from Rat Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Involvement of ROS-Mediated Mitochondrial Targeting. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:594-604. [PMID: 29693446 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1460679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the cytotoxicity effects of luteolin (LUT) and kaempferol (KAE) via reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated mitochondrial targeting on hepatocytes obtained from the liver of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) rats. In this study, HCC induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF). In the following, rat liver hepatocytes and mitochondria were isolated and tested for every eventual apoptotic and anti-HCC effects of LUT and KAE. The results of MTT assay showed that LUT and KAE were able to induce selective cytotoxicity in hepatocytes of HCC group in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment of mitochondria from hepatocytes of HCC group with LUT and KAE were accompanied by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial swelling and release of cytochrome c (P < 0.001) via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation before cytotoxicity ensued. LUT and KAE also increased activation of caspase-3 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). Flow-cytometry analysis indicated that the mode of cell death induced by these flavonoids were mostly apoptosis. Importantly, LUT and KAE were nontoxic for healthy hepatocytes and mitochondria. Therefore, we suggest that LUT and KAE are a good candidate for the complementary therapeutic agent against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enayatollah Seydi
- a Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment, Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj , Iran.,b Department of Occupational Health Engineering , Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj , Iran
| | - Ahmad Salimi
- c Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences , Ardabil , Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rasekh
- d Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zhaleh Mohsenifar
- e Ayatollah Taleghani Educational Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- d Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Yuan-Jing F, Wei W, Jian-Ping L, Yu-Xia J, Zi-Ling D. Genistein promotes the metabolic transformation of acetaminophen to glucuronic acid in human L-O2, HepG2 and Hep3b cells via the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway. Food Funct 2018; 7:4683-4692. [PMID: 27781231 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00889e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of genistein on regulating the activation of UGTs via the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of detoxification and hepatic protection. Experiments monitoring genistein-induced protection against acetaminophen-induced cell damage were performed in L-02, HepG2 and Hep3b cells. The results of the MTT, AST, ALT, LDH, GSH and GSSG assays showed that genistein evidently protected the cells from acetaminophen-induced injury in a dose-dependent manner. The control cells were treated with 10 mM acetaminophen without genistein to compare with the effects of the combination of acetaminophen and genistein on the expression of UGT1A1, 1A6 and 1A9, Nrf2 and Keap1 mRNAs, as well as the expression of Nrf2 and Keap1 proteins, which were tested by western blotting. The results showed that the expression of the Nrf2 mRNA and protein increased; in contrast, the expression levels of the Keap1 mRNA and protein were obviously reduced by genistein in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the expression of the UGT mRNA was increased, and UGT1A9 exhibited the highest expression among the three UGTs. Accordingly, the residual acetaminophen content was obviously reduced and acetaminophen glucuronidation increased after 24 hours of treatment with genistein in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yuan-Jing
- School of Food science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Food science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Luo Jian-Ping
- School of Food science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Jin Yu-Xia
- School of Food science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Dai Zi-Ling
- School of Food science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Truong VL, Jun M, Jeong WS. Role of resveratrol in regulation of cellular defense systems against oxidative stress. Biofactors 2018; 44:36-49. [PMID: 29193412 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound, is found in various kinds of fruits, plants, and their commercial products such as red wine. It has been demonstrated to exhibit a variety of health-promoting effects including prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, diabetes, neurodegeneration, aging, and cancer. Cellular defensive properties of resveratrol can be explained through its ability of either directly neutralizing reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) or indirectly upregulating the expression of cellular defensive genes. As a direct antioxidant agent, resveratrol scavenges diverse ROS/RNS as well as secondary organic radicals with mechanisms of hydrogen atom transfer and sequential proton loss electron transfer, thereby protecting cellular biomolecules from oxidative damage. Resveratrol also enhances the expression of various antioxidant defensive enzymes such as heme oxygenase 1, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase as well as the induction of glutathione level responsible for maintaining the cellular redox balance. Such defenses could be achieved by regulating various signaling pathways including sirtuin 1, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor κB. This review provides current understanding and information on the role of resveratrol in cellular defense system against oxidative stress. © 2017 BioFactors, 44(1):36-49, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Long Truong
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, College of BNIT, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea
| | - Mira Jun
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Woo-Sik Jeong
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, College of BNIT, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea
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31
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Mizunoe Y, Kobayashi M, Sudo Y, Watanabe S, Yasukawa H, Natori D, Hoshino A, Negishi A, Okita N, Komatsu M, Higami Y. Trehalose protects against oxidative stress by regulating the Keap1-Nrf2 and autophagy pathways. Redox Biol 2017; 15:115-124. [PMID: 29241092 PMCID: PMC5730428 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of autophagy, which regulates cellular homeostasis by degrading organelles and proteins, is associated with pathogenesis of various diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration and metabolic disease. Trehalose, a naturally occurring nontoxic disaccharide found in plants, insects, microorganisms and invertebrates, but not in mammals, was reported to function as a mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR)-independent inducer of autophagy. In addition, trehalose functions as an antioxidant though its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we showed that trehalose not only promoted autophagy, but also increased p62 protein expression, in an autophagy-independent manner. In addition, trehalose increased nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) in a p62-dependent manner and enhance expression of its downstream antioxidant factors, heme oxygenase-1 (Ho-1) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone dehydrogenase 1 (Nqo1). Moreover, treatment with trehalose significantly reduced amount of reactive oxygen species. Collectively, these results suggested that trehalose can function as a novel activator of the p62-Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, in addition to inducing autophagy. Therefore, trehalose may be useful to treat many chronic diseases involving oxidative stress and dysfunction of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Mizunoe
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuka Sudo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shukoh Watanabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiromine Yasukawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Daiki Natori
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ayana Hoshino
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Arisa Negishi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Okita
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine Research, Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Higami
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan.
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Son YO, Pratheeshkumar P, Wang Y, Kim D, Zhang Z, Shi X. Protection from Cr(VI)-induced malignant cell transformation and tumorigenesis of Cr(VI)-transformed cells by luteolin through Nrf2 signaling. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 331:24-32. [PMID: 28416455 PMCID: PMC5568479 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cr(VI) is a well known environmental carcinogen, but its mechanism of action and the measures required to mitigate its effects remain to be investigated. Our previous studies showed that exposure of human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells to Cr(VI) caused malignant transformation, that these transformed cells progressed through tumorigenesis, and that luteolin, a natural compound, inhibited both of these processes. The present study investigates the underlying mechanisms by which luteolin protects cells against Cr(VI)-induced transformation and tumorigenesis. The present study shows that luteolin activates inducible Nrf2 to inhibit Cr(VI)-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in normal BEAS-2B cells. The decreased ROS level is likely responsible for the protective effect of luteolin against Cr(VI)-induced malignant cell transformation in normal cells. By contrast, in cells that have been transformed by Cr(VI), Nrf2 is constitutively activated, and its target proteins, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and superoxide dismutase 1/2 (SOD1/SOD2) are all constitutively activated, and ROS levels are low. Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein and target protein of Nrf2 is elevated. Cr(VI)-transformed BEAS-2B cells develop apoptosis resistance, increasing the survival of these transformed cells. Luteolin decreases interactions between Nrf2 and the antioxidant response element sites of its target anti-apoptotic and antioxidant proteins, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and HO-1, which results in decreased constitutive Nrf2 activation. The decreased constitutive Nrf2 activation, decrease in Nrf2 target proteins and consequent apoptosis resistance by luteolin are possible mechanisms that mediate the protective effect of luteolin in Cr(VI)-transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ok Son
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yuting Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Donghern Kim
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Sadeghi MR, Jeddi F, Soozangar N, Somi MH, Samadi N. The role of Nrf2-Keap1 axis in colorectal cancer, progression, and chemoresistance. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28621229 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third common cancer after lung and genital cancers worldwide with more than 1.2 million new cases diagnosed annually. Although extensive progress has been made in the treatment of colorectal cancer, finding novel targets for early diagnosis and effective treatment of these patients is an urgent need. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 signaling pathway plays a key role in protecting cells from the damage of intracellular oxidative stress and extracellular oxidizing agents. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 is a transcription factor that creates intracellular redox homeostasis via transcriptional activity and interaction with kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1. Furthermore, it contributes to survival and chemoresistance of colorectal cancer cells which is mediated by overexpression of cytoprotective and multidrug resistance genes. In this review, the dual role of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 signaling in induction of colorectal cancer cell survival and death as well as the possibility of targeting nuclear factor-erythroid 2-kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 axis as an advanced strategy in prevention and effective treatment of colorectal cancer patients have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Sadeghi
- 1 Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- 2 Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- 3 Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jeddi
- 1 Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- 2 Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Soozangar
- 1 Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- 2 Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- 1 Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasser Samadi
- 1 Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- 2 Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- 4 Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Giacoppo S, Iori R, Rollin P, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Moringa isothiocyanate complexed with α-cyclodextrin: a new perspective in neuroblastoma treatment. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:362. [PMID: 28705212 PMCID: PMC5513314 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence suggest the consume of natural products for cancer prevention or treatment. In particular, isothiocyanates (ITCs) exerting anti-cancer properties, have received great interest as potential chemotherapeutic agents. This study was designed to assess the anti-proliferative activities of a new preparation of Moringa oleifera-derived 4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)benzyl ITC (moringin) complexed with alpha-cyclodextrin (moringin + α-CD; MAC) on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. This new formulation arises in the attempt to overcome the poor solubility and stability of moringin alone in aqueous media. METHODS SH-SY5Y cells were cultured and exposed to increasing concentrations of MAC (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 μg). Cell proliferation was examined by MTT and cell count assays. The cytotoxic activity of the MAC complex was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay and trypan blue exclusion test. In addition, western blotting analyses for the main apoptosis-related proteins were performed. RESULTS Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with the MAC complex reduced cell growth in concentration dependent manner. Specifically, MAC exhibited a potent action in inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, whose aberrant activation was found in many types of cancer. MAC was also found to induce the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 activation by phosphorylation and its translocation into the nucleus. Moreover, treatment with MAC was able to down-regulate MAPK pathway (results focused on JNK and p38 expression). Finally, MAC was found to trigger apoptotic death pathway (based on expression levels of cleaved-caspase 3, Bax/Bcl-2 balance, p53 and p21). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that use of MAC complex may open novel perspectives to improve the poor prognosis of patients with neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Giacoppo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Renato Iori
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrick Rollin
- Université d'Orléans et CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, BP 6759, F-45067, Orléans, France
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124, Messina, Italy.
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Jeddi F, Soozangar N, Sadeghi MR, Somi MH, Samadi N. Contradictory roles of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in cancer prevention/promotion and chemoresistance. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 54:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wan X, Liu H, Sun Y, Zhang J, Chen X, Chen N. Lunasin: A promising polypeptide for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3997-4001. [PMID: 28599405 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies for the treatment of cancer remain unsatisfactory due to the poor understanding of the complicated underlying molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. A number of types of cancer exhibit a marked association with dietary habits and lifestyles. Therefore, the modulation of dietary habits or lifestyles may be an effective strategy for preventing the formation and progression of cancer. Proteins and polypeptides from soybean have been developed as healthcare products due to their marked activity in inhibiting the progression of cancer at various stages. Lunasin, containing 43 amino acid residues, is one such example of a soybean-derived polypeptide that has been demonstrated to exhibit marked anti-cancer activity. In the present review, studies of the underlying molecular mechanisms and potential advantages of lunasin in the prevention and treatment of cancer have been examined, to provide a theoretical reference for the development of natural product-based agents or healthcare products for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wan
- School of Medicine, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, Hubei 445000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Medicine, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, Hubei 445000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Sun
- China Meat Research Centre, Beijing 100068, P.R. China
| | - Jinlan Zhang
- China Meat Research Centre, Beijing 100068, P.R. China
| | - Xianbing Chen
- School of Medicine, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, Hubei 445000, P.R. China
| | - Ning Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P.R. China
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The Anti-Cancer Effect of Polyphenols against Breast Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells: Molecular Mechanisms. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8090581. [PMID: 27657126 PMCID: PMC5037565 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of breast cancer in developed and developing countries, and its correlation to cancer-related deaths, has prompted concerned scientists to discover novel alternatives to deal with this challenge. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of polyphenol structures and classifications, as well as on the carcinogenic process. The biology of breast cancer cells will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-cancer activities of numerous polyphenols, against a wide range of breast cancer cells, in vitro and in vivo, will be explained in detail. The interplay between autophagy and apoptosis in the anti-cancer activity of polyphenols will also be highlighted. In addition, the potential of polyphenols to target cancer stem cells (CSCs) via various mechanisms will be explained. Recently, the use of natural products as chemotherapeutics and chemopreventive drugs to overcome the side effects and resistance that arise from using chemical-based agents has garnered the attention of the scientific community. Polyphenol research is considered a promising field in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer.
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Basar N, Nahar L, Oridupa OA, Ritchie KJ, Talukdar AD, Stafford A, Kushiev H, Kan A, Sarker SD. Utilization of the Ability to Induce Activation of the Nuclear Factor (Erythroid-derived 2)-like Factor 2 (Nrf2) to Assess Potential Cancer Chemopreventive Activity of Liquorice Samples. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2016; 27:233-238. [PMID: 27527356 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regulates expression of many detoxification enzymes. Nrf2-antioxidant responsive element (Nrf2-ARE) signalling pathway can be a target for cancer chemoprevention. Glycyrrhiza glabra, common name, 'liquorice', is used as a sweetening and flavouring agent, and traditionally, to treat various ailments, and implicated to chemoprevention. However, its chemopreventive property has not yet been scientifically substantiated. OBJECTIVE To assess the ability of liquorice root samples to induce Nrf2 activation correlating to their potential chemopreventive property. METHODS The ability of nine methanolic extracts of liquorice root samples, collected from various geographical origins, to induce Nrf2 activation was determined by the luciferase reporter assay using the ARE-reporter cell line, AREc32. The antioxidant properties were determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. RESULTS All extracts exhibited free-radical-scavenging property (RC50 = 136.39-635.66 µg/mL). The reducing capacity of ferrous ion was 214.46-465.59 μM Fe(II)/g. Nrf2 activation indicated that all extracts induced expression of ARE-driven luciferase activity with a maximum induction of 2.3 fold relative to control. These activities varied for samples from one geographical location to another. CONCLUSIONS The present findings add to the existing knowledge of cancer chemoprevention by plant-derived extracts or purified phytochemicals, particularly the potential use of liquorice for this purpose. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norazah Basar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Olayinka Ayotunde Oridupa
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kenneth J Ritchie
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Anupam D Talukdar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India
| | - Angela Stafford
- ADAS UK Ltd, Rosemaund, Preston Wynne, Hereford, HR1 3PG, UK
| | | | | | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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Gweshelo D, Muswe R, Mukanganyama S. In vivo and in vitro inhibition of rat liver glutathione transferases activity by extracts from Combretum zeyheri (Combretaceae) and Parinari curatellifolia (Chrysobalanaceae). Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:238. [PMID: 27457758 PMCID: PMC4960700 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Parinari curatellifolia and Combretum zeyheri are medicinal plants used in Zimbabwe and other Southern African countries for stomach ailments, fever, body aches, wound healing, cancer and tuberculosis. Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are mammalian enzymes that play a significant role in the detoxification and metabolism of many xenobiotic and endogenous compounds and as such can interact with many exogenous compounds including herbal medicines. The effects of Parinari curatellifolia and Combretum zeyheri leaf extracts on glutathione transferases of male Sprague–Dawley rats were investigated in vivo and in vitro after oral administration of either leaf ethanol or water extracts of each plant. Methods For Parinari curatellifolia, 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with 0, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight of the leaf extracts in corn oil or saline. Animals were sacrificed after 96 h and the kidney and liver samples were removed and used to prepare the cytosolic fractions. GST activity was determined using 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobezene. For Combretum zeyheri, twenty four male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups. These two groups were further divided into three groups of four animals each. They were given either the aqueous or ethanol extract at doses of C. zeyheri at 0, 50 mg/kg body weight and 200 mg/kg body weight. The extracts were administered orally by oral gavage for four consecutive days and the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation on the fifth day. Results In animals administered with C. zeyheri, GST activity was significantly increased by the 200 mg/kg aqueous extract in the kidneys and livers in vivo whilst the ethanolic extract at 200 mg/kg decreased enzyme activity significantly both organs. Both the ethanol and aqueous extracts inhibited GST activity in vitro with the ethanol extract being more potent inhibitor than ethacrynic acid, a standard GST inhibitor. The increased GST activity in vivo and versus inhibition in vitro suggests that metabolites may be responsible for the effects observed in vivo. For P. curatellifolia, a dose-dependent decrease in GST activity was observed in vivo for the animals given the aqueous extract but no changes were observed with the ethanol extract. There was a concentration-dependent inhibition of cytosolic GSTs when P. curatellifolia leaf extracts in vitro. The ethanol extract of P. curatellifolia exhibited GST-inhibitory activity in the liver with an IC50 value of 12 μg/mL and for ethacrynic acid, the IC50 was found to be 10 μg/mL. This showed that this extract was a potent inhibitor of GSTs in vitro. Conclusions C. zeyheri had an inductive effect on GST activity when administered in aqueous solution but inhibited GST in vitro whilst P. curatellifolia inhibited GST activity in vivo. Induction of GSTs would be cytoprotective against the toxic effects electrophilic chemicals. Since GSTs are responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandins, the inhibition of GST activity of by these two plants in vivo maybe one of the reasons that makes the plants important for use in the treatment pain and fever in ethnopharmacology.
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Wu H, Qiu Y, Shu Z, Zhang X, Li R, Liu S, Chen L, Liu H, Chen N. Protective effect of Trillium tschonoskii saponin on CCl 4-induced acute liver injury of rats through apoptosis inhibition. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:1291-1297. [PMID: 27598942 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To explore hepatoprotective role and underlying mechanisms of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim (TTM), 36 rats were randomly divided into control, CCl4-induced liver injury model, and biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) and low-, moderate-, and high-dose TTM treatment groups. After CCl4-induced model establishment, the rats from DDB and TTM groups were administrated with DDB at 0.2 g/kg per day and TTM at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 g/kg per day, while the rats from control and model groups were administrated with saline. After 5 days of treatments, all rats were sacrificed for determining serum ALT and AST levels and liver index, examining histopathological changes in liver through HE and TUNEL staining, and evaluating TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression by real-time PCR, and caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax expression by Western blot. Results indicated that CCl4 could induce acute liver injury and abnormal liver function in rats with obvious hepatomegaly, increased liver index, high ALT and AST levels, up-regulated TNF-α and IL-6, and overexpressed Bax and caspase-3. However, DDB and TTM could execute protective role in CCl4-induced liver injury in rats through reducing ALT and AST levels, rescuing hepatomegaly, down-regulating inflammatory factors and inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, TTM has obvious protective role in CCl4-induced liver injury of rats through inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- a College of Science and Technology of Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi 445000, China.,b College of Medicine, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- b College of Medicine, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Ziyang Shu
- c Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- c Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Renpeng Li
- a College of Science and Technology of Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Su Liu
- d Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Longquan Chen
- b College of Medicine, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Hong Liu
- b College of Medicine, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Ning Chen
- c Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
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Kumar G, Mittal S, Sak K, Tuli HS. Molecular mechanisms underlying chemopreventive potential of curcumin: Current challenges and future perspectives. Life Sci 2016; 148:313-28. [PMID: 26876915 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, natural compounds have received considerable attention in preventing and curing most dreadful diseases including cancer. The reason behind the use of natural compounds in chemoprevention is associated with fewer numbers of side effects than conventional chemotherapeutics. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane, PubMed CID: 969516), a naturally occurring polyphenol, is derived from turmeric, which is used as a common Indian spice. It governs numerous intracellular targets, including proteins involved in antioxidant response, immune response, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation and tumor progression. A huge mass of available studies strongly supports the use of Curcumin as a chemopreventive drug. However, the main challenge encountered is the low bioavailability of Curcumin. This extensive review covers various therapeutic interactions of Curcumin with its recognized cellular targets involved in cancer treatment, strategies to overcome the bioavailability issue and adverse effects associated with Curcumin consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Delhi University, South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonam Mittal
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Katrin Sak
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mulana-Ambala, India.
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Kou X, Li J, Bian J, Yang Y, Yang X, Fan J, Jia S, Chen N. Ampelopsin attenuates 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity by regulating GSK-3β/NRF2/ARE signalling. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Antiproliferative and Antiestrogenic Activities of Bonediol an Alkyl Catechol from Bonellia macrocarpa. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:847457. [PMID: 26557704 PMCID: PMC4628711 DOI: 10.1155/2015/847457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate antiproliferative activity of bonediol, an alkyl catechol isolated from the Mayan medicinal plant Bonellia macrocarpa. Bonediol was assessed for growth inhibition of androgen-sensitive (LNCaP), androgen-insensitive (PC-3), and metastatic androgen-insensitive (PC-3M) human prostate tumor cells; toxicity on normal cell line (HEK 293) was also evaluated. Hedgehog pathway was evaluated and competitive 3H-estradiol ligand binding assay was performed. Additionally, antioxidant activity on Nrf2-ARE pathway was evaluated. Bonediol induced a growth inhibition on prostate cancer cell lines (IC50 from 8.5 to 20.6 µM). Interestingly, bonediol binds to both estrogen receptors (ERα (2.5 µM) and ERβ (2.1 µM)) and displaces the native ligand E2 (17β-estradiol). No significant activity was found in the Hedgehog pathway. Additionally, activity of bonediol on Nrf2-ARE pathway suggested that bonediol could induce oxidative stress and activation of detoxification enzymes at 1 µM (3.8-fold). We propose that the compound bonediol may serve as a potential chemopreventive treatment with therapeutic potential against prostate cancer.
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van der Wijst MGP, Huisman C, Mposhi A, Roelfes G, Rots MG. Targeting Nrf2 in healthy and malignant ovarian epithelial cells: Protection versus promotion. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1259-73. [PMID: 25841766 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk factors indicate the importance of oxidative stress during ovarian carcinogenesis. To tolerate oxidative stress, cells activate the transcription factor Nrf2 (Nfe2l2), the master regulator of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes. Indeed, for most cancers, hyperactivity of Nrf2 is observed, and siRNA studies assigned Nrf2 as therapeutic target. However, the cancer-protective role of Nrf2 in healthy cells highlights the requirement for an adequate therapeutic window. We engineered artificial transcription factors to assess the role of Nrf2 in healthy (OSE-C2) and malignant ovarian cells (A2780). Successful NRF2 up- and downregulation correlated with decreased, respectively increased, sensitivity toward oxidative stress. Inhibition of NRF2 reduced the colony forming potential to the same extent in wild-type and BRCA1 knockdown A2780 cells. Only in BRCA1 knockdown A2780 cells, the effect of Nrf2 inhibition could be enhanced when combined with PARP inhibitors. Therefore, we propose that this combination therapy of PARP inhibitors and Nrf2 inhibition can further improve treatment efficacy specifically in BRCA1 mutant cancer cells without acquiring the side-effects associated with previously studied Nrf2 inhibition combinations with either chemotherapy or radiation. Our findings stress the dual role of Nrf2 in carcinogenesis, while offering approaches to exploit Nrf2 as a potent therapeutic target in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique G P van der Wijst
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Christian Huisman
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Archibold Mposhi
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerard Roelfes
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marianne G Rots
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Zhang H, Luo LP, Song HP, Hao HP, Zhou P, Qi LW, Li P, Chen J. A high-resolution peak fractionation approach for streamlined screening of nuclear-factor-E2-related factor-2 activators in Salvia miltiorrhiza. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1326:47-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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