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Singha S, Das Gupta B, Sarkar A, Jana S, Bharadwaj PK, Sharma N, Haldar PK, Mukherjee PK, Kar A. Chemo-profiling and exploring therapeutic potential of Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd. for managing metabolic related disorders: In-vitro studies, and docking based approach. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118351. [PMID: 38759763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd. (M. dioica Roxb.) a nutritious and therapeutic property rich crop of Cucurbitaceae plant family. In various folklore medicine including Ayurveda fruits are used to treat several metabolic related disorders i.e., hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity etc. Furthermore, traditionally it is used to treat fever, inflammation, ulcer, skin diseases, haemorrhoids, hypertension and also employed as cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, analgesic, diuretic. AIM OF THE STUDY This study focuses to explore the therapeutic potential of Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd. through in-vitro and in-silico approach for managing hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and related metabolic disorders along with its phytochemical profiling for quality evaluation and validation of traditional claim. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was carried out on hydroalcohol extract of dried leaf and fruit of Momordica dioica. In-vitro antioxidant potential using DPPH and Nitric oxide scavenging assay along with in-vitro enzyme inhibitory potential against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase enzymes was studied. The bioactive metabolites were identified from the most potent bioactive extract by analysis with LC-QTOF-MS and also studied their role to lessen the metabolic related disorder through in-silico approaches. RESULTS The results confirmed that the fruit extract is more active to possess antioxidant and prominent enzyme inhibition potential compared to the leaf. Sixteen identified metabolites in M. dioica Roxb. fruits may be responsible for the therapeutic potential related to metabolic related disorder. The in-silico study of the identified phytomolecules against α-amylase, α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase showed significant docking scores ranging from -9.8 to -5.5, -8.3 to -4.8 and -8.3 to -6 respectively. CONCLUSION The current study illustrated that M. dioica Roxb., a traditionally important plant is potential against metabolic related disorders. Phytocomponents present in the fruit extract may be responsible for antioxidant as well as the enzymes' inhibitory potential. Thus, fruits of M. dioica Roxb. will be useful as alternative therapeutics for treatment of hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seha Singha
- School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, India.
| | - Barun Das Gupta
- School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, India.
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, India.
| | - Sandipan Jana
- School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, India.
| | - Pardeep K Bharadwaj
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Dept. of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Imphal, Manipur, 795001, India.
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Dept. of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Imphal, Manipur, 795001, India.
| | - Pallab K Haldar
- School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, India.
| | - Pulok Kumar Mukherjee
- School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, India; Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Dept. of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Imphal, Manipur, 795001, India.
| | - Amit Kar
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Dept. of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Imphal, Manipur, 795001, India.
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Hu Z, Luo Y, Wu Y, Qin D, Yang F, Luo F, Lin Q. Extraction, structures, biological effects and potential mechanisms of Momordica charantia polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131498. [PMID: 38614167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Momordica charantia L. is a kind of vegetable with medicinal value. As the main component of the vegetable, Momordica charantia polysaccharides (MCPs) mainly consist of galactose, galacturonic acid, xylose, rhamnose, mannose and the molecular weight range is 4.33 × 103-1.16 × 106 Da. MCPs have been found to have various biological activities in recent years, such as anti-oxidation, anti-diabetes, anti-brain injury, anti-obesity, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammation. In this review, we systematically summarized the extraction methods, structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of MCPs. Especially MCPs modulate gut microbiota and cause the alterations of metabolic products, which can regulate different signaling pathways and target gene expressions to exert various functions. Meanwhile, the potential structure-activity relationships of MCPs were analyzed to provide a scientific basis for better development or modification of MCPs. Future researches on MCPs should focus on industrial extraction and molecular mechanisms. In East Asia, Momordica charantia L. is used as both food and medicine. It is not clear whether MCP has its unique biological effects. Further study on the difference between MCPs and other food-derived polysaccharides will be helpful to the development and potential application of Momordica charantia L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuomin Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Yidan Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Yuchi Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Dandan Qin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Feiyan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
| | - Qinlu Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
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Laczkó Zöld E, Toth LM, Farczadi L, Ştefănescu R. Polyphenolic profile and antioxidant properties of Momordica charantia L. 'Enaja' cultivar grown in Romania. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1060-1066. [PMID: 37211778 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2213805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study describing phenolics of Momordica charantia L. 'Enaja' cultivar (bitter melon) produced in Romania. Total polyphenol content, total tannin content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of bitter melon stems and leaves, young fruits, and ripe fruits grown in Romania were analysed, along with fruits imported from India. The UPLC-DAD analysis led to the identification of (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, luteolin-3',7-di-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside and vanillic acid. (-)-Epicatechin (859 µg/g) and (+)-catechin (1677 µg/g) were the most abundant compounds in stems and leaves, while in the ripe fruits, luteolin-7-O-glucoside (310 µg/g) was the main phenolic. Stems and leaves were the most active for capturing free DPPH radicals (IC50 = 216.9 ± 11.91 µg/ml); the scavenging activity strongly correlated with the flavonoid content (r = 0.8806, r2 = 0.7754). Momordica charantia fruits from Romania, both young and ripe, are a source of polyphenols as valuable as those imported from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Laczkó Zöld
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Mureș, Romania
| | - Larisa Melinda Toth
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Mureș, Romania
| | - Lenard Farczadi
- Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Mureș, Romania
| | - Ruxandra Ştefănescu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Mureș, Romania
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Liu WY, Xu D, Hu ZY, Meng HH, Zheng Q, Wu FY, Feng X, Wang JS. Total cucurbitacins from Herpetospermum pedunculosum pericarp do better than Hu-lu-su-pian (HLSP) in its safety and hepatoprotective efficacy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1344983. [PMID: 38455959 PMCID: PMC10919163 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1344983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The pericarp of Herpetospermum pedunculosum (HPP) has traditionally been used for treating jaundice and hepatitis. However, the specific hepatoprotective components and their safety/efficacy profiles remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize the total cucurbitacins (TCs) extracted from HPP and evaluate their hepatoprotective potential. As a reference, Hu-lu-su-pian (HLSP), a known hepatoprotective drug containing cucurbitacins, was used for comparison of chemical composition, effects, and safety. Molecular networking based on UHPLC-MS/MS identified cucurbitacin B, isocucurbitacin B, and cucurbitacin E as the major components in TCs, comprising 70.3%, 26.1%, and 3.6% as determined by RP-HPLC, respectively. TCs treatment significantly reversed CCl4-induced metabolic changes associated with liver damage in a dose-dependent manner, impacting pathways including energy metabolism, oxidative stress and phenylalanine metabolism, and showed superior efficacy to HLSP. Safety evaluation also showed that TCs were safe, with higher LD50 and no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) values than HLSP. The median lethal dose (LD50) and NOAEL values of TCs were 36.21 and 15 mg/kg body weight (BW), respectively, while the LD50 of HLSP was 14 mg/kg BW. In summary, TCs extracted from HPP demonstrated promising potential as a natural hepatoprotective agent, warranting further investigation into synergistic effects of individual cucurbitacin components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ya Liu
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Xu
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Yun Hu
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Hui Meng
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Ye Wu
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Beijing Hospital of Tibetan Medicine, China Tibetology Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
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Singla D, Sangha MK, Singh M, Pathak M, Bala M. Variation of Mineral Composition in Different Fruit Parts of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.). Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:4961-4971. [PMID: 36626030 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.), belonging to family Cucurbitaceae, is a good source of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds. In the present study, fruits (and its parts-epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp, seed, and whole fruit) of 56 accessions and 4 cultivars of Momordica spp. were assayed and compared for macro-minerals magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca), and microminerals iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu). Potassium was the most abundant macro-mineral found in whole fruit ranging from 78.40 to 483.49 mg/100 g dry weight (DW), followed by Mg (13.23-101.70 mg/100 g DW) in epicarp, P (32.22-98.24 mg/100 g DW) in endocarp, Ca (23.41-71.39 mg/100 g DW) in whole fruit, and Na (6.09-18.56 mg/100 g DW) in epicarp. The concentration of microminerals was recorded higher in seeds compared to other fruit parts. Levels of Fe were higher (0.76-6.14 mg/100 g DW), followed by Zn (0.87-2.64 mg/100 g DW), Cu (137.68-525.45 µg/100 g DW), and Mn (46.92-179.05 µg/100 g DW). The analysis depicted bitter gourd to be a potential source of both macro-minerals (K and Mg) and microminerals (Fe and Zn). The consumption of bitter gourd could be a health-promoting strategy to meet daily dietary intake requirements of essential minerals for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Singla
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Manjeet Kaur Sangha
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
| | - Mandeep Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Manju Bala
- ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Tselaesele N, Bultosa G, Molapisi M, Makhabu S, Kobue-Lekalake R, Haki GD, Sekwati-Monang B, Seifu E, Mokhawa G, Sonno K. Plant-based traditional foods and beverages of Gumare Village, Botswana. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-023-00142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe consumption of traditional and indigenous foods and beverages varies across different ethnic communities and is often influenced by geographical location. However, the diversity of edible plants is rapidly declining due to climate change, leading to a loss of knowledge about useful plants used by different communities before the plant itself becomes extinct. This research investigated the edible plant types and investigated the processing steps of plant-based traditional foods/dishes and beverages of Gumare village, located in the catchment area of the Okavango Delta in the northwest of Botswana. Questionnaire interviews and focus group discussions (FGD) were used to collect data. The study identified 52 wild and 19 domesticated edible plants used in the preparation of traditional foods/dishes and beverages of Gumare village. Maize, sorghum, millets, beans, melon, watermelon, pumpkin, bottle gourd and sweet potato are widely used domesticated crops. The wild edible plants are either directly used after minor processing or as recipes in traditional dishes and/or as an inoculum in the fermentation, as a substrate in traditional beverages and some as medicinal plants. However, some taboos and food safety challenges were observed in the use of certain plants. The study highlighted a decline in the use of traditional foods/dishes and beverages, particularly among the young generation. The youth indicated that they have a low interest in gathering traditional foods and beverages due to the time-consuming nature during harvesting and the labour-intensive processing. In addition, they indicated the dangers of attacks by wild animals from veld by reptiles (for example snakes and pythons) and alligators (crocodiles) from rivers during the harvesting of raw materials used in traditional foods and dishes. For the communities, the diverse edible wild plants documented are a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds such as dietary fibers, phenolics, terpenes, essential oils, carotenoids, and alkaloids that help to combat malnutrition and for use as traditional medicines to support health and wellness. In conclusion, the significant diversity of wild edible plants and domesticated crops in Gumare village, likely due to its location in the catchment area of the Okavango Delta, plays a crucial role in diet diversification and can contribute to food and nutrition security. However, for most wild edible plants of Botswana, information on their nutrient and bioactive compounds are still limited. This study provides baseline information for further chemical investigation and development of resources in the formulation of functional foods and nutraceuticals.
Graphical Abstract
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Vutharadhi S, Nadimpalli SK. Isolation of Momordica charantia seed lectin and glycosidases from the protein bodies: Lectin-glycosidase (β-hexosaminidase) protein body membrane interaction reveals possible physiological function of the lectin. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107663. [PMID: 36989986 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Momordica charantia seeds are known to contain a galactose specific lectin that has been well characterized. Seed extracts also contain glycosidases such as the β-hexosaminidase, α-mannosidase and α-galactosidase. In the present study, lectin was affinity purified from the seed extracts and protein bodies isolated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. From the protein bodies, lectin was identified and β-hexosaminidase was isolated by lectin affinity chromatography and subsequently separated from other glycosidases by gel filtration. In the native PAGE, the purified β-hexosaminidase migrated as a single band with a molecular weight of ∼235 kDa and by zymogram analysis using 4-methylumbelliferyl N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide substrate it was confirmed as β-hexosaminidase. Under reducing conditions in SDS-PAGE, the purified enzyme dissociated into three bands (Mr 33, 20 and 15 kDa). The prominent bands (20 and 15 kDa) showed immunological cross-reactivity with the human Hexosaminidase B antibody in a western blot experiment. In gel digestion of the purified enzyme, followed by proteomic analysis using tandom MS/MS revealed sequence identity as compared to the genomic sequence of the Momordica charantia with a score of 57 (24% sequence coverage). Additionally, by CD analysis the purified β-hexosaminidase showed 39.1% of α-helix. Furthermore, secondary structure variations were observed in presence of substrate, lectin and at different pH values. Protein body membrane prepared from the isolated protein bodies showed a pH dependent interaction with the purified lectin and mixture of glycosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaranjani Vutharadhi
- Glycobiology and Protein Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Siva Kumar Nadimpalli
- Glycobiology and Protein Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India.
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Ramabulana AT, Petras D, Madala NE, Tugizimana F. Mass spectrometry DDA parameters and global coverage of the metabolome: Spectral molecular networks of momordica cardiospermoides plants. Metabolomics 2023; 19:18. [PMID: 36920561 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-01981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Molecular networking (MN) has emerged as a key strategy to organize and annotate untargeted tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data generated using either data independent- or dependent acquisition (DIA or DDA). The latter presents a time-efficient approach where full scan (MS1) and MS2 spectra are obtained with shorter cycle times. However, there are limitations related to DDA parameters, some of which are (i) intensity threshold and (ii) collision energy. The former determines ion prioritization for fragmentation, and the latter defines the fragmentation of selected ions. These DDA parameters inevitably determine the coverage and quality of spectral data, which would affect the outputs of MN methods. OBJECTIVES This study assessed the extent to which the quality of the tandem spectral data relates to MN topology and subsequent implications in the annotation of metabolites and chemical classification relative to the different DDA parameters employed. METHODS Herein, characterising the metabolome of Momordica cardiospermoides plants, we employ classical MN performance indicators to investigate the effects of collision energies and intensity thresholds on the topology of generated MN and propagated annotations. RESULTS We demonstrated that the lowest predefined intensity thresholds and collision energies result in comprehensive molecular networks. Comparatively, higher intensity thresholds and collision energies resulted in fewer MS2 spectra acquisition, subsequently fewer nodes, and a limited exploration of the metabolome through MN. CONCLUSION Contributing to ongoing efforts and conversations on improving DDA strategies, this study proposes a framework in which multiple DDA parameters are utilized to increase the coverage of ions acquired and improve the global coverage of MN, propagated annotations, and the chemical classification performed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Petras
- CMFI Cluster of Excellence, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Medicine, University of Tubingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tubingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Ntakadzeni E Madala
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Fidele Tugizimana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- International Research and Development Division, Omnia Group, Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Salinas-Arellano ED, Castro-Dionicio IY, Jeyaraj JG, Mirtallo Ezzone NP, Carcache de Blanco EJ. Phytochemical Profiles and Biological Studies of Selected Botanical Dietary Supplements Used in the United States. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 122:1-162. [PMID: 37392311 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26768-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Based on their current wide bioavailability, botanical dietary supplements have become an important component of the United States healthcare system, although most of these products have limited scientific evidence for their use. The most recent American Botanical Council Market Report estimated for 2020 a 17.3% increase in sales of these products when compared to 2019, for a total sales volume of $11,261 billion. The use of botanical dietary supplements products in the United States is guided by the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) from 1994, enacted by the U.S. Congress with the aim of providing more information to consumers and to facilitate access to a larger number of botanical dietary supplements available on the market than previously. Botanical dietary supplements may be formulated for and use only using crude plant samples (e.g., plant parts such as the bark, leaves, or roots) that can be processed by grinding into a dried powder. Plant parts can also be extracted with hot water to form an "herbal tea." Other preparations of botanical dietary supplements include capsules, essential oils, gummies, powders, tablets, and tinctures. Overall, botanical dietary supplements contain bioactive secondary metabolites with diverse chemotypes that typically are found at low concentration levels. These bioactive constituents usually occur in combination with inactive molecules that may induce synergy and potentiation of the effects observed when botanical dietary supplements are taken in their different forms. Most of the botanical dietary supplements available on the U.S. market have been used previously as herbal remedies or as part of traditional medicine systems from around the world. Their prior use in these systems also provides a certain level of assurance in regard to lower toxicity levels. This chapter will focus on the importance and diversity of the chemical features of bioactive secondary metabolites found in botanical dietary supplements that are responsible for their applications. Many of the active principles of botanical dietary substances are phenolics and isoprenoids, but glycosides and some alkaloids are also present. Biological studies on the active constituents of selected botanical dietary supplements will be discussed. Thus, the present chapter should be of interest for both members of the natural products scientific community, who may be performing development studies of the products available, as well as for healthcare professionals who are directly involved in the analysis of botanical interactions and evaluation of the suitability of botanical dietary supplements for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Salinas-Arellano
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ines Y Castro-Dionicio
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan G Jeyaraj
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nathan P Mirtallo Ezzone
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Esperanza J Carcache de Blanco
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Jumpa T, Beckles DM, Songsri P, Pattanagul K, Pattanagul W. Physiological and Metabolic Responses of Gac Leaf ( Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.) to Salinity Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2447. [PMID: 36235312 PMCID: PMC9572180 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gac is a carotenoid-rich, healthful tropical fruit; however, its productivity is limited by soil salinity, a growing environmental stress. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of salinity stress on key physiological traits and metabolites in 30-day-old gac seedling leaves, treated with 0, 25-, 50-, 100-, and 150-mM sodium chloride (NaCl) for four weeks to identify potential alarm, acclimatory, and exhaustion responses. Electrolyte leakage increased with increasing NaCl concentrations (p < 0.05) indicating loss of membrane permeability and conditions that lead to reactive oxygen species production. At 25 and 50 mM NaCl, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, starch content, and total soluble sugar increased. Chlorophyll a, and total chlorophyll increased at 25 mM NaCl but decreased at higher NaCl concentrations indicating salinity-induced thylakoid membrane degradation and chlorophyllase activity. Catalase (CAT) activity decreased (p < 0.05) at all NaCl treatments, while ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities were highest at 150 mM NaCl. GC-MS-metabolite profiling showed that 150 mM NaCl induced the largest changes in metabolites and was thus distinct. Thirteen pathways and 7.73% of metabolites differed between the control and all the salt-treated seedlings. Salinity decreased TCA cycle intermediates, and there were less sugars for growth but more for osmoprotection, with the latter augmented by increased amino acids. Although 150 mM NaCl level decreased SOD activity, the APX and GPX enzymes were still active, and some carbohydrates and metabolites also accumulated to promote salinity resistance via multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiwan Jumpa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Diane M. Beckles
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95615, USA
| | - Patcharin Songsri
- Department of Plant Sciences and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kunlaya Pattanagul
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wattana Pattanagul
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Gayathry KS, John JA. A comprehensive review on bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) as a gold mine of functional bioactive components for therapeutic foods. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-022-00089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBitter gourd is a tropical wine grown mainly in India, China and South East Asia. The plant is cultivated mainly for its fruit part which is edible. Bitter gourd is unaccepted widely due to its bitter taste. Nevertheless, the fruit is a source of several key nutrients. The plant, as a whole contains, more than 60 phyto-medicines that are active against more than 30 diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Currently, the incorporation of the bioactive compounds isolated from bitter gourd into functional foods and beverages finds a new horizon. Nanoencapsulation and novel green extraction methods can be employed to improve the yield and quality of extracted compounds and their stability while incorporation into food products. The present review is an attempt to throw light to nutritional aspects, various bioactive compounds present and important nutraceutical properties of the bitter gourd plant in detail.
Graphical Abstract
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Eddy NO, Ibok UJ, Garg R, Garg R, Iqbal A, Amin M, Mustafa F, Egilmez M, Galal AM. A Brief Review on Fruit and Vegetable Extracts as Corrosion Inhibitors in Acidic Environments. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092991. [PMID: 35566341 PMCID: PMC9105195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The corrosion of metals, i.e., the initiation and acceleration of the surface deterioration of metals through an electrochemical reaction with the surrounding intrusive environment, is a global concern because of the economic and environmental impacts. Corrosion inhibitors are considered the most practical choice among the available corrosion protection techniques due to their effectiveness in terms of functionality and cost. The use of traditional and toxic corrosion inhibitors has led to environmental issues, arousing the need for green counterparts that are environmentally friendly, easily accessible, biodegradable, and cost-effective. In this review, the utilization of green corrosion inhibitors purely acquired from renewable sources is explored, with an in-depth focus on the recent advancements in the use of fruit and vegetable extracts as green corrosion inhibitors. In particular, fruits and vegetables are natural sources of various phytochemicals that exhibit key potential in corrosion inhibition. To shed light on the true potential of such extracts in the protection of steel in acidic environments, the experimental techniques involved in corrosion inhibition and the mechanism of corrosion inhibition are discussed in detail. The study highlights the potential of fruit and vegetable extracts as non-toxic, economical, and effective corrosion inhibitors in the pursuit of green chemistry. In addition to discussing and outlining the current status and opportunities for employing fruit and vegetable extracts as corrosion inhibitors, the current review outlines the challenges involved in the utilization of such extracts in corrosion inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnabuk Okon Eddy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria;
| | - Udo John Ibok
- Department of Chemistry, Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden 520221, Nigeria;
| | - Rajni Garg
- Research & Development, Institute of Sci-Tech Affairs, Mohali 140306, India;
| | - Rishav Garg
- Department of Civil Engineering, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India;
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Department of Materials Technologies, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (M.E.)
| | - Muhammad Amin
- Department of Energy System Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Faisal Mustafa
- Department of Physics, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates;
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mehmet Egilmez
- Department of Physics, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates;
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (A.I.); (M.E.)
| | - Ahmed M. Galal
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi ad-Dawasir 11991, Saudi Arabia;
- Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Chou MC, Lee YJ, Wang YT, Cheng SY, Cheng HL. Cytotoxic and Anti-Inflammatory Triterpenoids in the Vines and Leaves of Momordica charantia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031071. [PMID: 35163001 PMCID: PMC8834831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The vines and leaves of Momordica charantia L. are used as herbal medicines to treat inflammation-related disorders. However, their safety profile remains uncharacterized, and the constituents in their extracts that exert anti-inflammatory and adverse effects remain unclear. This study isolated the characteristic cucurbitane-type triterpenoid species in the vines and leaves of M. charantia L. and analyzed their cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory effects, and underlying mechanisms. Four structurally related triterpenoids—momordicines I, II, IV, and (23E) 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23-dien-19-al (TCD)—were isolated from the triterpenoid-rich fractions of extracts from the vines and leaves of M. charantia. Momordicine I was cytotoxic on normal cells, momordicine II exerted milder cytotoxicity, and momordicine IV and TCD had no obvious adverse effects on cell growth. TCD had anti-inflammatory activity both in vivo and in vitro. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, TCD inhibited the inhibitor kappa B kinase/nuclear factor-κB pathway and enhanced the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 and p38. Thus, the vines and leaves of M. charantia should be used with caution. An extraction protocol that can enrich TCD but remove momordicine I would likely enhance the safety of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chia Chou
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County 912301, Taiwan;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Pingtung Branch, Neipu, Pingtung County 912012, Taiwan
- Department of Recreation and Sports Management, Tajen University, Yanpu, Pingtung County 907101, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 82144, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Jia Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County 912301, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Ting Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811726, Taiwan;
| | - Shi-Yie Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811726, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.C.); (H.-L.C.); Tel.: +886-7-5916693 (S.-Y.C.); +886-8-7703202 (ext. 5186) (H.-L.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Ling Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County 912301, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.C.); (H.-L.C.); Tel.: +886-7-5916693 (S.-Y.C.); +886-8-7703202 (ext. 5186) (H.-L.C.)
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Hassan MM, Uddin S, Bhowmik A, Ashraf A, Islam MM, Rokeya B. Phytochemical screening and antidiabetic effects of fruit rind of Momordica dioica roxb. on streptozocin induced type 2 diabetic rats. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08771. [PMID: 35128091 PMCID: PMC8808062 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica dioica (M. dioica) is a gourd like blooming plant that is readily available in Bangladesh, requiring biological research to discover its therapeutic values. The goal of our research was to see if the ethanolic extract of this plant had any anti-hyperglycemic properties. Water, glibenclamide and M. dioica extracts were fed to Streptozocin induced type-2 diabetic rat models at a dose of 1.25 g/kg body weight (bw) for 28 days to see what kind of effects they had on serum glucose, insulin, liver glycogen and lipid contents. Except for the control group, all the groups followed a pattern of maintaining the body weight. The oral glucose tolerance test was observed to be improved in extract after 14 days of the experiment. When assessed with the control group, the M. dioica extract showed a significant (p = 0.0015) decrease in postprandial serum glucose level (M±SD, mmol/l, 13.23 ± 1.03 control Vs 11.47 ± 2.21 extract) at 120 min. The treatment of diabetic model rats with extract resulted in a 7% (p < 0.0001) reduction in serum cholesterol levels. While subsequent 28 days of treatment, insulin levels were found to be lowered in all groups (from 246.76 to 200.44 pg/dL; p < 0.0001 for standard and from 309.01 to 204.61 pg/dL; p < 0.0001 for sample). The results revealed that prolonged administration of M. dioica improved the glycemic and lipidemic state of type-2 diabetic rats, implying that more research is needed to identify the active ingredient (s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mynul Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Shihab Uddin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Amrita Bhowmik
- Department of Applied Laboratory Sciences, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ayesha Ashraf
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mahmodul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Begum Rokeya
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Genome-Wide Identification of OSC Gene Family and Potential Function in the Synthesis of Ursane- and Oleanane-Type Triterpene in Momordica charantia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010196. [PMID: 35008620 PMCID: PMC8745088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The triterpenes in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) show a variety of medicinal activities. Oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) plays an indispensable role in the formation of triterpene skeletons during triterpene biosynthesis. In this study, we identified nine genes encoding OSCs from bitter gourd (McOSC1-9). Analyses of their expression patterns in different tissues suggested that characteristic triterpenoids may be biosynthesized in different tissues and then transported. We constructed a hairy root system in which McOSC7 overexpression led to an increased accumulation of camaldulenic acid, enoxolone, and quinovic acid. Thus, the overexpression of McOSC7 increased the active components content in bitter gourd. Our data provide an important foundation for understanding the roles of McOSCs in triterpenoid synthesis.
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Metabolomics and Molecular Networking to Characterize the Chemical Space of Four Momordica Plant Species. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110763. [PMID: 34822421 PMCID: PMC8619687 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica plant species (Cucurbitaceae), have been used for centuries in traditional medicine and for nutritional purposes. Plants from this family are thus claimed to be phytochemically rich, representing an inexhaustible source of natural products. However, the chemical space of these Momordica species has not yet been fully decoded, and due to the inherent complexity of plant metabolomes, the characterization of the Momordica phytochemistry remains challenging. Thus, in this study we propose the use of molecular networking to unravel the molecular families within the metabolomes of four Momordica species (M. cardiospermoides, M. balsamina, M. charantia and M. foetida) and highlight the relevance of molecular networking in exploring the chemotaxonomy of these plants. In silico annotation tools (Network Annotation Propagation and DEREPLICATOR) and an unsupervised substructure identification tool (MS2LDA) were also explored to complement the classical molecular networking output and integration using MolNetEnhancer within GNPS. This allowed for the visualisation of chemical classes and the variety of substructures within the molecular families. The use of computational tools in this study highlighted various classes of metabolites, such as a wide range of flavonoids, terpenoids and lipids. Herein, these species are revealed to be phytochemically rich plants consisting of many biologically active metabolites differentially distributed within the different species, with the metabolome of M. cardiospermoides dereplicated in this paper for the first time.
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Abbas M, Sharif S, Baig IS, Anjum R, Riaz M, Rafique MK, Rahman A, Nazish N, Al-Mijalli SH, Iqbal M. Biochemical Stress Markers, Antioxidants, and Infectious Wound-Healing Potential of UV Irradiation and Salt Stress Effects on the Pre-Treated Seed of Bitter Melon ( Momordica charantia L.). Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211044062. [PMID: 34658685 PMCID: PMC8512281 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211044062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The secondary metabolites in plants are the basis of defense and stress
balance, which is an important aspect in plant growth. The UV-B treatment (a
biotic stress) and salt stress on bitter melon (Momordica
charantia L.) were studied, and the impact of pre-sowing seed
treatment was evaluated on the basis of biochemical and enzymatic
biomarkers, antioxidants, and wound-healing potential during early growth
stages. Methods The UV-B treatment for 5 and 10 min and salt stress 250 mM and 500 mM
treatments were applied, and 21-day seedling tissue were collected for total
phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), antioxidant,
chlorophyll contents, hydrogen peroxide, total soluble sugar, enzymes
activities, and wound-healing potential studies. Results The TPC, TFC, diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), chlorophyll contents, and total
soluble sugar were recorded higher at 5 min treatment with UV-B and salt
stress at 250 mM concentration. Antioxidant enzymes activities were recorded
higher for 10 min UV-B treatment and 500 mM salt treatment. Wound-healing
potential was found significant at 5 min treatment with UV-B radiation,
which was studied in vivo in rabbits. The LC-MS analysis
revealed a variety of phenolic compounds in the seedlings. Conclusion The study concluded that treatments significantly affect the biological
activities of bitter melon seeds at the seedling stage, and the seeds
contain important phenolic compounds responsible for its antioxidant
potential and enzymatic activities. Future studies could be focused on the
later stages of growth, development, and yield characteristics subjected to
salt stress along with UV-B radiation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazhar Abbas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (Jhang-Campus), Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Sharif
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim Salam Baig
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (Jhang-Campus), Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Rimsha Anjum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (Jhang-Campus), Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran Rafique
- Department of Pathobiology (Section Pathology), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (Jhang-Campus), Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (Jhang-Campus), Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Nazish
- Department of Zoology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Samiah H Al-Mijalli
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munawar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Moyo SM, Serem JC, Bester MJ, Mavumengwana V, Kayitesi E. Hydrothermal Processing and In Vitro Simulated Human Digestion Affects the Bioaccessibility and Bioactivity of Phenolic Compounds in African Pumpkin ( Momordica balsamina) Leaves. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175201. [PMID: 34500636 PMCID: PMC8434164 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The African pumpkin (Momordica balsamina) contains bioactive phenolic compounds that may assist in reducing oxidative stress in the human body. The leaves are mainly consumed after boiling in water for a specific time; this hydrothermal process and conditions of the gastrointestinal tract may affect the presence and bioactivity of phenolics either positively or negatively. In this study, the effects of hydrothermal processing (boiling) and in vitro simulated human digestion on the phenolic composition, bioaccessibility and bioactivity in African pumpkin were investigated in comparison with those of spinach (Spinacia oleracea). A high-resolution ultra-performance liquid chromatography, coupled with diode array detection, quadrupole time-of-flight and mass spectrometer (UPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS) was used to profile phenolic metabolites. Metabolites such as 3-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were highly concentrated in the boiled vegetable extracts compared to the raw undigested and all digested samples. The majority of African pumpkin and spinach extracts (non-digested and digested) protected Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), (mouse fibroblast) L929 and human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells from 2,2'-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative damage. From these results, the consumption of boiled African pumpkin leaves, as well as spinach, could be encouraged, as bioactive metabolites present may reduce oxidative stress in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siphosanele Mafa Moyo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Correspondence: (S.M.M.); (E.K.)
| | - June C. Serem
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria 0007, South Africa; (J.C.S.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Megan J. Bester
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria 0007, South Africa; (J.C.S.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Vuyo Mavumengwana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
| | - Eugenie Kayitesi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Correspondence: (S.M.M.); (E.K.)
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Choudhary U, Sabikhi L, Kapila S. Double emulsion-based mayonnaise encapsulated with bitter gourd extract exhibits improvement in vivo anti-diabetic action in STZ induced rats. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:363. [PMID: 34290946 PMCID: PMC8260699 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bitter gourd contains charantin (steroidal saponins), insulin-like peptides, and alkaloids, which contribute to its hypoglycemic ability. The study aims to evaluate effects of anti-diabetic potential of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) encapsulated double emulsion-based functional mayonnaise on the normal and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes in albino male Wister rats. The rats were allocated into seven groups: a control group fed with synthetic diet (NC), two non-diabetic groups (NCM and NFM) and four diabetic-induced groups (DC, DCM, DFM, and DCMB) for 8 weeks and then analyzed for the various biochemical parameters. The results of this study revealed significant (p < 0.05) anti-diabetic potential in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male albino Wistar rats with decrease in blood glucose and HbA1c, increase in body weight, hemoglobin, and plasma insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmila Choudhary
- Dairy Technology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Latha Sabikhi
- Dairy Technology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Suman Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
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An RP-LC-UV-TWIMS-HRMS and Chemometric Approach to Differentiate between Momordicabalsamina Chemotypes from Three Different Geographical Locations in Limpopo Province of South Africa. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071896. [PMID: 33801575 PMCID: PMC8036689 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica balsamina leaf extracts originating from three different geographical locations were analyzed using reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) coupled to travelling wave ion mobility (TWIMS) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in conjunction with chemometric analysis to differentiate between potential chemotypes. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the three individual chemotypes was evaluated using HT-29 colon cancer cells. A total of 11 molecular species including three flavonol glycosides, five cucurbitane-type triterpenoid aglycones and three glycosidic cucurbitane-type triterpenoids were identified. The cucurbitane-type triterpenoid aglycones were detected in the positive ionization mode following dehydration [M + H − H2O]+ of the parent compound, whereas the cucurbitane-type triterpenoid glycosides were primarily identified following adduct formation with ammonia [M + NH4]+. The principle component analysis (PCA) loadings plot and a variable influence on projection (VIP) analysis revealed that the isomeric pair balsaminol E and/or karavilagen E was the key molecular species contributing to the distinction between geographical samples. Ultimately, based on statistical analysis, it is hypothesized that balsaminol E and/or karavilagen E are likely responsible for the cytotoxic effects in HT-29 cells.
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Suppressive Effect of Two Cucurbitane-Type Triterpenoids from Momordica charantia on Cutibacterium acnes-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Human THP-1 Monocytic Cell and Mouse Models. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030579. [PMID: 33499307 PMCID: PMC7865737 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) is one of the major bacterial species responsible for acne vulgaris. Numerous bioactive compounds from Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata Ser. have been isolated and examined for many years. In this study, we evaluated the suppressive effect of two cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, 5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23-dien-3β,19,25-triol (Kuguacin R; KR) and 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23-dien-19-al (TCD) on live C. acnes-stimulated in vitro and in vivo inflammatory responses. Using human THP-1 monocytes, KR or TCD suppressed C. acnes-induced production of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 at least above 56% or 45%, as well as gene expression of these three pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, a significantly strong inhibitory effect on production and expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was not observed. Both cucurbitanes inhibited C. acnes-induced activation of the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) (up to 62%) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) (at least 36%). Furthermore, TCD suppressed the expression of pro-caspase-1 and cleaved caspase-1 (p10). In a separate study, KR or TCD decreased C. acnes-stimulated mouse ear edema by ear thickness (20% or 14%), and reduced IL-1β-expressing leukocytes and neutrophils in mouse ears. We demonstrated that KR and TCD are potential anti-inflammatory agents for modulating C. acnes-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo.
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Quality attributes of convective hot air dried spine gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb. Ex Willd) slices. Food Chem 2021; 347:129041. [PMID: 33508585 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, spine gourd slices were dried in a convective dryer at 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C temperature. The change in quality of spine guard was determined by analyzing the change in proximate, minerals, functional group, chlorophyll, ascorbic acid, and antioxidant characteristics. Increase in drying temperature changed the protein (4.62-12.88 g/100 g), fiber (3.14-3.53 g/100 g), total phenolic (14.85-14.99 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and total flavonoid (30.1-64.8 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g) content while reduction occurred in fat (4.02-3.07 g/100 g), carbohydrate (76.13-55.22 g/100 g), chlorophyll (0.34-0.100 mg/g), ascorbic acid (29.94-4.50 mg/100 g) and antioxidant activity (96.58-85.06%). Mineral content of fresh SG differed significantly with dried samples (p < 0.05), while variable effects were associated with the change in drying temperatures. Changes in functional groups were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer. The observed parameters were optimized using principal component analysis. The sample dried at 40 °C was superior in quality whereas higher protein and antioxidants were found at 70 °C.
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Identification of functional properties of non-timber forest produce and locally available food resources in promoting food security among Irula tribes of South India. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-019-01075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Traditional Practices and Consumer Habits regarding Consumption of Underutilised Vegetables in Kilimanjaro and Morogoro Regions, Tanzania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2020; 2020:3529434. [PMID: 32832539 PMCID: PMC7426791 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3529434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wild vegetables serve an important purpose in the health and diet of many people residing in the rural areas. Various traditional practices associated with their processing and consumption are uncommon and unknown to the present generation, resulting to their underutilization. METHODS Qualitative data were obtained through focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews (KIIs), and participant observation. Using a checklist and questionnaire, a total of 120 individuals from 120 randomly selected households in Kilimanjaro and Morogoro regions were interviewed. Results. Underutilised indigenous vegetables from Morogoro and Kilimanjaro regions were investigated. Out of 40 vegetables, four underutilised vegetables (UVs), Sunga (Launea cornuta), Kikundembala (Vigna vexillata), Mokiki (Momordica foetida), and Inyiri (Basella alba), were identified, collected, and studied. Over 75% of respondents preferred UVs to exotic species, the likes of cabbage, amaranth, eggplant, pumpkin leaves, and spinach. It was further noted that with the existing myths and fads associated with consumption of UVs, as well as the widespread use of the exotic vegetable species among the modern generation, UVs' future demand is diminishing. CONCLUSION There are many varieties of UVs in Morogoro and Kilimanjaro regions. However, the UVs are currently showing decreasing demand due to various reasons including difficulties in preparation, low palatability, and negative image to consumers; introduction of exotic species of vegetables was found to further suppress the use of UVs.
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Development and characterization of functional electrohydrodynamic particles and fibers using bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) extract. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00480-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Fruit Volatiles of Creeping Cucumber (Solena amplexicaulis) Attract a Generalist Insect Herbivore. J Chem Ecol 2020; 46:275-287. [PMID: 31989491 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01154-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Herbivorous insects employ host plant volatile blends as cue for host recognition. Adults of Aulacophora foveicollis Lucas (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) feed on leaves, flowers, and fruits of Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi (syn: Melothria heterophylla) (Cucurbitaceae), commonly known as creeping cucumber. Currently, this pest is controlled by insecticides application. Hence, it is necessary to find out volatile components from fruits attracting the insect, which might be used for eco-friendly pest management program. behavioral responses of females were measured by Y-tube olfactometer bioassays towards volatile blends from undamaged (UD), insect-damaged (ID), and mechanically damaged (MD) fruits with the aim to identify the compounds responsible for host fruit location. Volatile organic compounds were identified and quantified by GC-MS and GC-FID analyses, respectively. Nonanal was predominant in volatile blends of UD, ID, and MD fruits. 1-Octen-3-ol, 3-octanone, 2-octanol, heptadienal (2E,4E), 1-pentadecanol, and 1-hexadecanol were present in volatile blends of ID and MD fruits, but females did not show response to these six compounds. 1-Octanol and 1-heptadecanol were unique in volatile blends of UD fruits after 4 hr of damage, but females did not show response to these compounds. Females were more attracted to volatile blends from UD fruits after 4 hr of damage in comparison to volatile blends released by UD fruits, due to increased emissions of (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal and 2E-nonenal. A synthetic blend of 3.35 μg (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal and 1.72 μg 2E-nonenal dissolved in 25 μl CH2Cl2 could be used for the development of baited traps to control this insect pest in integrated pest management strategies.
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Chusak C, Chanbunyawat P, Chumnumduang P, Chantarasinlapin P, Suantawee T, Adisakwattana S. Effect of gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis) powder on in vitro starch digestibility, nutritional quality, textural and sensory characteristics of pasta. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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The Role of Momordica charantia in Resisting Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183251. [PMID: 31487939 PMCID: PMC6765959 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Momordica charantia (M. charantia), commonly known as bitter gourd, bitter melon, kugua, balsam pear, or karela, is a tropical and sub-tropical vine belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. It has been used to treat a variety of diseases in the traditional medicine of China, India, and Sri Lanka. Here, we review the anti-obesity effects of various bioactive components of M. charantia established at the cellular and organismal level. We aim to provide links between various bioactive components of M. charantia and their anti-obesity mechanism. An advanced search was conducted on the worldwide accepted scientific databases via electronic search (Google Scholar, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, ACS Publications, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, SciFinder, CNKI) database with the query TS = “Momordica charantia” and “obesity”. Information was also obtained from International Plant Names Index, Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Chinese herbal classic books, online databases, PhD and MSc dissertations, etc. First, studies showing the anti-obesity effects of M. charantia on the cells and on animals were classified. The major bioactive components that showed anti-obesity activities included proteins, triterpenoids, saponins, phenolics, and conjugated linolenic acids. Their mechanisms included inhibition of fat synthesis, promotion of glucose utilization, and stimulation of auxiliary lipid-lowering activity. Finally, we summarized the risks of excessive consumption of M. charantia and the application. Although further research is necessary to explore various issues, this review establishes the therapeutic potential of M. charantia and it is highly promising candidate for the development of anti-obesity health products and medicines.
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Phan-Thi H, Waché Y. Behind the Myth of the Fruit of Heaven, a Critical Review on Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) Contribution to Nutrition. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4585-4605. [PMID: 31284852 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190705154723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gac, Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family. It is more considered as a super fruit. The demand for this plant is growing in countries where its reputation is high, including traditional countries of gac culture and countries fond of super fruits and food supplements. In these latter countries, the industrial strategy aims at producing high added value in food supplements or nutritional rich preparations. However, when marketing is not the driving force and claims have to be related to scientific data, the situation of gac is less "heavenly", mainly because its most remarkable properties are in the field of micronutrients. These latter components are indeed very important for health but their supplementation on healthy populations brings no significant advantage. This paper proposes to review aspects important for the nutritional reputation of this plant: where it comes from, how it is cultured to have an optimal nutritional composition, what is its composition and how it can impact health of consumers, in which products it is used and what are the regulations to use it in different markets. One important goal of this review is to give a critical and scientific approach to confirm data on this fruit, which has been promoted by marketing departments injecting so many wrong and unverified information. Missing data will be highlighted and potential positive applications are proposed all along the text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh Phan-Thi
- International Joint Laboratory Tropical Bioresources & Biotechnology, UMR PAM, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comte, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France.,The Natencaps Project, France; International Joint Laboratory Tropical Bioresources & Biotechnology, SBFT, Hanoi University of Science & Technology, Hanoi, VietNam
| | - Yves Waché
- International Joint Laboratory Tropical Bioresources & Biotechnology, UMR PAM, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comte, AgroSup Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000 Dijon, France.,The Natencaps Project, France; International Joint Laboratory Tropical Bioresources & Biotechnology, SBFT, Hanoi University of Science & Technology, Hanoi, VietNam
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Nutraceutic Characteristics of the Extracts and Juice of Chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.) Fruits. BEVERAGES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages4020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Antiaging of Cucurbitane Glycosides from Fruits of Momordica charantia L. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1538632. [PMID: 29765490 PMCID: PMC5889887 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1538632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Methanol extracts of Momordica charantia L. fruits are extensively studied for their antiaging activities. A new cucurbitane-type triterpenoid (1) and nine other known compounds (2–10) were isolated, and their structures were determined according to their spectroscopic characteristics and chemical derivatization. Biological evaluation was performed on a K6001 yeast bioassay system. The results indicated that all the compounds extended the replicative lifespan of K6001 yeast significantly. Compound 9 was used to investigate the mechanism involved in the increasing of the lifespan. The results indicated that this compound significantly increases the survival rate of yeast under oxidative stress and decreases ROS level. Further study on gene expression analysis showed that compound 9 could reduce the levels of UTH1 and SKN7 and increase SOD1 and SOD2 gene expression. In addition, it could not extend the lifespan of the yeast mutants of Uth1, Skn7, Sod1, and Sod2. These results demonstrate that compound 9 exerts antiaging effects via antioxidative stress and regulation of UTH1, SKN7, SOD1, and SOD2 yeast gene expression.
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Lee SH, Jeong YS, Song J, Hwang KA, Noh GM, Hwang IG. Phenolic acid, carotenoid composition, and antioxidant activity of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) at different maturation stages. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1237961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Lee
- Functional Food & Nutrition Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea
| | - Yun Sook Jeong
- Functional Food & Nutrition Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea
| | - Jin Song
- Functional Food & Nutrition Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Functional Food & Nutrition Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea
| | - Geon Min Noh
- Functional Food & Nutrition Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea
| | - In Guk Hwang
- Functional Food & Nutrition Division, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea
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Fruit quality components of balsam pear (Momordica charantia L.) and soil respiration in response to soil moisture under two soil conditions. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-017-9684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Tanruean K, Poolprasert P, Kumla J, Suwannarach N, Lumyong S. Bioactive compounds content and their biological properties of acetone extract of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. grown on various host plants. Nat Prod Res 2017; 33:544-547. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1392955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Tanruean
- Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - P. Poolprasert
- Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - J. Kumla
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - N. Suwannarach
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - S. Lumyong
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Choudhary SK, Patel AK, Harish, Shekhawat S, Shekhawat NS. An improved micropropagation system, ex vitro rooting and validation of genetic homogeneity in wild female Momordica dioica: an underutilized nutraceutical vegetable crop. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 23:713-722. [PMID: 28878509 PMCID: PMC5567702 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd., is a perennial and dioecious (2n = 28) plant of family Cucurbitaceae. Conventional methods of propagation through seeds, stem cuttings and rhizomatous/tuberous roots are inadequate for its mass cultivation as a vegetable crop. This paper reports an improved and efficient micropropagation method for wild female M. dioica using nodal explants. Shoot amplification was achieved using subculturing of in vitro raised shoots on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) alone or in combination with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The maximum number of shoots (45.30 ± 3.83) with an average length 6.52 ± 0.89 cm were differentiated on MS medium containing 0.5 mg L-1 BAP, 0.1 mg L-1 IAA and additives (50 mg L-1 ascorbic acid, 25 mg L-1 each of adenine sulphate, citric acid and l-arginine). The cloned shoots were rooted ex vitro. Each shoot treated with 250 mg L-1 IBA for 5 min produced 12.3 ± 1.33 with a mean length 5.4 ± 0.73 cm. More than 85% (46 plants) of ex vitro rooted plantlets were successfully hardened in a greenhouse with normal growth characteristics. In order to evaluate the genetic stability of micropropagated plants, the two PCR-based techniques, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) were used. The amplification patterns of the micropropagated and mother plant were monomorphic thus depicting genetic stability of the micropropagation system. This protocol could be effectively employed for the mass multiplication of wild female M. dioica, a popular summer vegetable crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitra Kumari Choudhary
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Botany, UGC – Centre of Advanced Study (CAS), Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342 001 India
| | - Ashok Kumar Patel
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Botany, UGC – Centre of Advanced Study (CAS), Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342 001 India
| | - Harish
- Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313 001 India
| | - Smita Shekhawat
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007 India
| | - Narpat S. Shekhawat
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Botany, UGC – Centre of Advanced Study (CAS), Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342 001 India
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Khatib A, Perumal V, Ahmed QU, Uzir BF, Abas F, Murugesu S. Characterization of Antioxidant Activity ofMomordica CharantiaFruit by Infrared-Based Fingerprinting. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1261877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia
| | - Vikneswari Perumal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia
| | - Qamar Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia
| | - Bisha Fathamah Uzir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Suganya Murugesu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang DM, Malaysia
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Influence of sodium chloride treatment and polysaccharides as debittering agent on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity and sensory characteristics of bitter gourd ( Momordica charantia) juice. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2016; 54:228-235. [PMID: 28242920 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2454-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) (3.5%) solution and polysaccharides, such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5%) and gum arabic (5, 10 and 15%), on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity and sensory characteristics of bitter gourd juice were investigated. An increase in the concentration of CMC and gum arabic significantly was observed to increase the lightness (L value) and the viscosity (mPas) of bitter gourd juice at all levels. Increased concentrations of gum arabic significantly increased the total soluble solids. The bitter gourd fruit treated with NaCl solution produced the highest lightness (L value) and scavenging activity of free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl of bitter gourd juice. Increased concentration of gum arabic up to 15% significantly increased the total phenolic content. The addition of 5% gum arabic effectively reduced the bitterness of the bitter gourd juice. Viscosity of the juice resulted in negative correlation for bitterness.
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Zhang F, Lin L, Xie J. A mini-review of chemical and biological properties of polysaccharides from Momordica charantia. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:246-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Volatiles of Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi Leaves Influencing Attraction of Two Generalist Insect Herbivores. J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:1004-1015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Madala NE, Piater L, Dubery I, Steenkamp P. Distribution patterns of flavonoids from three Momordica species by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry: a metabolomic profiling approach. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Topical application of olive oil macerate of Momordica charantia L. promotes healing of excisional and incisional wounds in rat buccal mucosa. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1708-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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