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Yang H, Du D, Zhang Q, Teame T, Wang A, Hao Q, Liu S, Ding Q, Yao Y, Yang Y, Ran C, Li S, Zhang Z, Zhou Z. Dietary Bacillus velezensis T23 fermented products supplementation improves growth, hepatopancreas and intestine health of Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109595. [PMID: 38692381 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the effects of dietary fermented products of Bacillus velezensis T23 on the growth, immune response and gut microbiota in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Shrimp were fed with diets containing fermentation products of B. velezensis T23 at levels of (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 g/kg) for 4 weeks, to assess the influence on shrimp growth. The results showed that 0.3 and 0.4 g/kg T23 supplementation improved shrimp growth and feed utilization. Based on these results we selected these three diets (Control, 0.3T23 and 0.4T23) to assess the effect on immune response and gut microbiota of shrimp. Compared with the control, the 0.3T23 and 0.4T23 groups enhanced lipase and α-amylase activities in the gut significantly. Moreover, the 0.4T23 group decreased TAG and MDA levels in hepatopancreas, ALT and AST levels of serum significantly (P < 0.05). In hepatopancreas, CAT and SOD activities were improved observably and the MDA content was reduced markedly in both T23 groups. The expressions of antimicrobial related genes, Cru and peroxinectin in the 0.3T23 group, and proPO and peroxinectin in the 0.4T23 group were up-regulated remarkably (P < 0.05). Moreover, hepatopancreas of shrimp fed with a diet amended with T23 showed a significant down-regulated expression of nf-kb and tnf-α genes, while expressions of tgf-β was considerably up-regulated. Furthermore, serum LPS and LBP contents were reduced markedly in T23 groups. Intestinal SOD and CAT were noteworthy higher in T23 groups (P < 0.05). In the intestine of shrimp fed on the diet enriched with T23 the expression of nf-κb and tnf-α exhibited markedly down-regulated, whereas hif1α was up-regulated (P < 0.05). Besides, in the intestine of shrimp grouped under T23, Cru and peroxinectin genes were markedly up-regulated (P < 0.05). Dietary 0.3 g/kg T23 also upregulated the ratio of Rhodobacteraceae to Vibrionaceae in the gut of the shrimp. Taken together, the inclusion of B. velezensis T23 in the diet of shrimp enhanced the growth and feed utilization, enhanced hepatopancreas and intestine health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yang
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Dongdong Du
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qingshuang Zhang
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tsegay Teame
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Tigray Agricultural Research Institute (TARI), Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Anran Wang
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Norway-China Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Shubin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qianwen Ding
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yalin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chao Ran
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture of Foshan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan, 528225, China.
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Yasin Saleh MI, Sukenda, Widanarni, Jayanegara A. Survival, immune response and growth of Penaeid shrimp as affected by immunostimulants: A meta-analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109507. [PMID: 38521142 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Immunostimulants represent the most innovative approach for combating shrimp diseases. They are molecules that effectively enhance the host's nonspecific defenses against invading microorganisms. However, methodological differences exist among immunostimulants based on the same source. Therefore, conducting a meta-analysis is essential to derive valid conclusions. The effect size value utilized in this study was Hedges' d. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using the DerSimonian and Laird tests (Q-statistic). Meta-regression analysis was conducted to explore the sources of heterogeneity in treatment effects. In this study, dose served as a covariate because it was the only continuous variable that significantly contributed to the observed heterogeneity. Funnel plots and the fail-safe number were employed to assess publication bias within the datasets. The article collection process followed the PRISMA methodology. Based on the results of the meta-analysis and meta-regression conducted with 83 articles, it can be concluded that immunostimulants have a significant effect, characterized by high category standard mean difference (SMD) values, on the survival, growth, and immune response of Penaeid family shrimp. Among potential immunostimulants options, algae ingredients exhibited the most favorable effects on the survival, growth, and immune response of Penaeid family shrimp. Subgroup analysis outcomes revealed that various extraction methods significantly impacted the efficacy of immunostimulants, with the ethanol solvent method proving to be the most effective. Among different administration methods, no significant effect was observed on immunostimulant efficacy across all parameters, with positive SMD values for all administration methods. Regarding challenged test pathogens, immunostimulants were observed to enhance immune response, survival, and weight gain against various pathogens. Meta-regression results indicated that algal treatments had a lower optimal dose point, leading to decreased efficacy as the dose increased. In contrast, fungi exhibited a higher optimum dose point, resulting in increased efficacy at higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukenda
- Departement of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia.
| | - Widanarni
- Departement of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia.
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia.
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Noman M, Kazmi SSUH, Saqib HSA, Fiaz U, Pastorino P, Barcelò D, Tayyab M, Liu W, Wang Z, Yaseen ZM. Harnessing probiotics and prebiotics as eco-friendly solution for cleaner shrimp aquaculture production: A state of the art scientific consensus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:169921. [PMID: 38199379 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the advancement and greater magnitude of products, which led to the intensification in shrimp aquaculture is the result of utilization of modern tools and synchronization with other fields of science like microbiology and biotechnology. This intensification led to the elevation of disorders such as the development of several diseases and complications associated with biofouling. The use of antibiotics in aquaculture is discouraged due to their certain hazardous paraphernalia. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in exploring alternative strategies, with probiotics and prebiotics emerging as environmentally friendly substitutes for antibiotic treatments in shrimp aquaculture. This review highlighted the results of probiotics and prebiotics administration in the improvement of water quality, enhancement of growth and survival rates, stress resistance, health status and disease resistance, modulation of enteric microbiota and immunomodulation of different shrimp species. Additionally, the study sheds light on the comprehensive role of prebiotics and probiotics in elucidating the mechanistic framework, contributing to a deeper understanding of shrimp physiology and immunology. Besides their role in growth and development of shrimp aquaculture, the eco-friendly behavior of prebiotics and probiotics have made them ideal to control pollution in aquaculture systems. This comprehensive exploration of prebiotics and probiotics aims to address gaps in our understanding, including the economic aspects of shrimp aquaculture in terms of benefit-cost ratio, and areas worthy of further investigation by drawing insights from previous studies on different shrimp species. Ultimately, this commentary seeks to contribute to the evolving body of knowledge surrounding prebiotics and probiotics, offering valuable perspectives that extend beyond the ecological dimensions of shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Noman
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Govt. Associate College (Boys), Eminabad 52460, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shabi Ul Hassan Kazmi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Hafiz Sohaib Ahmed Saqib
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Usama Fiaz
- Govt. Associate College (Boys), Eminabad 52460, Pakistan
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino 10154, Italy
| | - Damià Barcelò
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Girona 17003, Spain; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zaher Mundher Yaseen
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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Köktürk M, Yildirim S, Atamanalp M, Kiliçlioğlu M, Ucar A, Ozhan G, Alak G. Mitigation potential of zingerone and rutin on toxicity mechanisms of nickel to zebrafish based on morphological, DNA damage and apoptosis outcome analysis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 80:127268. [PMID: 37541166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Although nickel (Ni) is an important cofactor for various enzymes in biological systems, it can cause serious problems when insufficient or excessive in an organism. Therefore, it is very important to investigate Ni in biological systems, especially in cells with its related pathogenic mechanism. This study was carried out to demonstrate the effects of zingerone (ZO) and rutin (RN) administration against nickel chloride (NiCl2) toxicity on neurobehavioral performance and brain oxidative status in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos/larvae on histological perspective. The experimental design of the study, which included twenty groups of fish, each containing 10 embryos, was prepared as semi-static and the trial continued for 96 hpf. In the obtained findings, it was determined that ZO and RN had a mitigating effect in this toxicity table where Ni caused oxidative stress in zebrafish larvae, induced DNA damage and apoptosis. A similar picture is valid for malformation processes as well as survival and hatching rates. These results showed that nickel is toxic to developing embryos via acting different mechanisms. In conclusion, we observed that ZO and RN have a greater effect on physiology, DNA damage and apoptosis than gross morphology, with a significant ameliorative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Köktürk
- Department of Organic Agriculture Management, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Igdir University, TR-76000 Igdir, Turkey; Research Laboratory Application and Research Center (ALUM), Igdir University, TR-76000 Igdir, Turkey.
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Atamanalp
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Metin Kiliçlioğlu
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Arzu Ucar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylül University Health Campus, TR-35340 Izmir, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, TR-35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gonca Alak
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey.
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Patra I, Dewi AP, Fawzi M, Hussam F, Obayes IK, Jamal MA, Hammoodi HA, Abbass ZR, Dadras M, Narimanizad F. Effects of Dietary Medlar ( Mespilus germanica L.) Extract on Growth Performance, Innate Immune Characteristics, Antioxidant Status, and Responses to Crowding Stress in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:7613330. [PMID: 37564114 PMCID: PMC10412272 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7613330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
High stocking density is a stress factor that potentially affects physiological and immune responses. In this study, the effects of medlar (Mespilus germanica) extract (ME) supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant, immune status, and stress responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were studied. Six hundred fish (40.19 ± 1.09 g; average fish weight ± standard error) were distributed randomly into five experimental groups (assayed in triplicates). The experimental diets were formulated as follows: 0 (T1, control), 0.5% (T2), 1% (T3), 1.5% (T4), and 2% (T4). After 60 days feeding trial, the fish were confined, and the density increased (60 kg/m3) for further 14 days. Results showed significant increases in final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate, and feed intake in the T4 compared to the control (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) in T4 significantly decreased compared to the control (P < 0.05). Also, the treated groups showed significant improvements in catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), lysozyme (LYZ), total immunoglobulin (total Ig), respiratory burst activity (RBA), total protein, and phagocytosis (PHA) (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the control group, supplementation could significantly decrease glucose (GLU) and cortisol (CORT), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P < 0.05). After the challenge, FW and WG in all treated challenge groups were significantly improved compared to the control group (P < 0.05). FCR showed a significant decrease in all treated challenged groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). However, malondialdehyde, CAT, GPx, SOD, LYZ, complement activity (C3 and C4), total Ig, RBA, peroxidase, and PHA in challenged treated groups were significantly increased compared to the control group (P < 0.05). All treated challenged groups showed lower ALT, LDH, AST, ALP, GLU, and CORT levels than the control group (P < 0.05). The experiment herein successfully demonstrated that dietary ME stimulated fish growth, antioxidant status, and immune responses in crowding conditions and can be recommended as beneficial feed additives for rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Afiska Prima Dewi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Universitas Aisyah Pringsewu, Lampung, Indonesia
| | | | - Fadhil Hussam
- College of Medical Technology, Medical Lab Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Israa K. Obayes
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Iraq
| | | | | | - Zainab R. Abbass
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Mahnaz Dadras
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fariborz Narimanizad
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Ghosh AK, Ahmmed SS, Islam HMR, Hasan MA, Banu GR, Panda SK, Schoofs L, Luyten W. Oral administration of Zingiber officinale and Aegle marmelos extracts enhances growth and immune functions of the shrimp Penaeus monodon against the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10499-023-01177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
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7
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Panigrahi A, Das RR, Sundaram M, Sivakumar MR, Jannathulla R, Lalramchhani C, Antony J, Shyne Anand PS, Vinay Kumar K, Jayanthi M, Dayal JS. Cellular and molecular immune response and production performance of Indian white shrimp Penaeus indicus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837), reared in a biofloc-based system with different protein levels of feed. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:31-41. [PMID: 34487828 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the immunity and growth of Penaeus indicus fed with varying protein levels (25%, 30%, and 35%) in a biofloc based rearing system. A 120 days growth trial was carried out using juvenile Penaeus indicus (0.71 ± 0.01) with dietary protein level, 25% (LP), 30% (MP), and 35% (HP), and a control diet-fed with 35% acted as control group resulting in 4 treatments each with four replicates and were randomly assigned 16 tank units (7500 L each). A combination of different carbon sources (molasses, wheat flour, and rice bran in 2:1:1 ratio), yeast and a probiotic (Bacillus sp.) consortium were used for the development of biofloc. At the end of the trial, the growth parameters of shrimps viz., initial weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and daily growth coefficient (DGC) were computed. The results indicated that shrimp fed with medium (30%) protein (MP) diet recorded significantly (P < 0.05) improved growth performance compared to high protein fed group (35%) and low protein (25%) fed group (LP) in a biofloc system and control group (35%). The immunological parameters such as hemagglutination activity (HA) assay, serum protein, lysozyme, phenol oxidase (PO), and inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were observed in serum, plasma, and hemocyte lysate supernatant (HLS). The HA activity, PO activity in plasma was found to be higher in high protein fed animals, whereas medium protein resulted in enhanced PO activity in serum. Similarly, lysozyme and SOD were inhibited well in high protein fed animals compared to the low protein fed group. The vital immune genes's mRNA profiling showed a potential rise in the expressional pattern in MP and HP treatments compared to LP and control. BGBP (beta-1,3-glucan binding protein) and hemocyanin mRNA transcript levels were highly upregulated in the HP (5 fold) and moderately expressed in MP (2 fold) and LP (1-2 fold). The transcripts of peroxinectin, antimicrobial peptides like crustin showed significant upregulation in HP followed by in MP and LP and control. Likewise, other immune genes, such as SOD, prophenoloxidase (proPO), showed a similar trend in a marginal way, indicating immunomodulation in the biofloc groups. This study suggested that biofloc with high protein (35%) supplementation can substantially enhance the immune response of shrimps, although medium protein level (30%) is optimum for improving the survival, growth, and in turn economic return in Indian white shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Panigrahi
- Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, #75, Santhome High Road, RajaMRC Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600028, India.
| | - R R Das
- Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, #75, Santhome High Road, RajaMRC Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600028, India
| | - M Sundaram
- Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, #75, Santhome High Road, RajaMRC Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600028, India
| | - M R Sivakumar
- Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, #75, Santhome High Road, RajaMRC Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600028, India
| | - R Jannathulla
- Nutrition, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, #75, Santhome High Road, RajaMRC Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600028, India
| | - C Lalramchhani
- Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, #75, Santhome High Road, RajaMRC Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600028, India
| | - Jose Antony
- Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, #75, Santhome High Road, RajaMRC Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600028, India
| | - P S Shyne Anand
- Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, #75, Santhome High Road, RajaMRC Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600028, India
| | - K Vinay Kumar
- Nutrition, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, #75, Santhome High Road, RajaMRC Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600028, India
| | - M Jayanthi
- Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, #75, Santhome High Road, RajaMRC Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600028, India
| | - J S Dayal
- Nutrition, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, #75, Santhome High Road, RajaMRC Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600028, India
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Ding Y, Pan L, Gao G, Huang H. In vitro and in vivo immunologic potentiation of herb extracts on shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:556-566. [PMID: 33161092 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo effects of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), chlorogenic acid (CGA) and berberine (BBR) on shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were studied. In vitro test showed that the combination of APS and BBR and the combination of APS and CGA have strong immune enhancement effects and no lysosomal membrane damage on hemocyte. Then, feeding experiment was proceeded to optimize the concentrations of compound herbal extracts. Four diets containing G1-G4(0.5 g kg -1 APS + 0.5 g kg -1 BBR, 1.0 g kg -1 APS +1.0 g kg -1 BBR, 0.5 g kg -1 APS +0.5 g kg -1 CGA, 1.0 g kg -1 APS + 1.0 g kg -1 CGA) associated with the control group (common diet) were compared and determined their biomolecule damage to hepatopancreas including DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl. The results indicated that G3 (0.5 g kg -1 APS +0.5 g kg -1 CGA) showed higher total hemocyte counts, phagocytic activities, antibacterial activities and bacteriolytic activities during 6 days feeding, and without biomolecule damages after 6 days post-withdrawal. Therefore, the appropriate immunostimulants formula in this study was the combination of 0.5 g kg -1 APS and 0.5 g kg-1 CGA, which was used for 6 days followed by 6 days post-withdrawal. Additionally, our study provides new support for screening composite immunostimulants formula by using primary shrimp hemocyte culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Guorui Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Hui Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
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Ngo HVT, Huang HT, Lee PT, Liao ZH, Chen HY, Nan FH. Effects of Phyllanthus amarus extract on nonspecific immune responses, growth, and resistance to Vibrio alginolyticus in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:1-8. [PMID: 32927053 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of Phyllanthus amarus extract (PAE) on immune responses, growth, and resistance to Vibrio alginolyticus in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). In vitro PAE treatment did not alter the cell viability of haemocytes and significantly enhanced immune parameters such as phenoloxidase (PO) activity, phagocytic activity, and superoxide anion (O2-) production. We conducted two feeding trials to examine the effects of PAE on the growth, disease resistance, and innate immune parameters of white shrimp. In the first in vivo trial, shrimps (4.01 ± 0.03 g) were fed a diet containing 0 g (control), 10 g (PAE10), 20 g (PAE20), or 40 g (PAE40) of PAE per kilogram of feed for 56 days. After the feeding period, the PAE20 group showed a significantly higher weight gain and specific growth rate than shrimp fed the control diet. Furthermore, after challenge with V. alginolyticus, shrimp fed a diet containing PAE showed significantly higher survival than those fed the control diet. The second in vivo trial (28 days) was performed to identify the mechanisms of enhanced immunity in PAE-fed shrimp. Shrimp fed the PAE20 diet generally had the highest total haemocyte count, PO activity, phagocytic activity, and O2- production, followed by the PAE40 and PAE10 groups. Thus, our results suggest that administration of 20 g of PAE per kilogram of feed can enhance immunity, growth, and resistance to V. alginolyticus in white shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Viet-Trinh Ngo
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huai-Ting Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Tsang Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Zhen-Hao Liao
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiang-Yin Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, No. 300, Liohe Road, Magong, Penghu 880, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fan-Hua Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, ROC.
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10
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Male-lure type, lure dosage, and fly age at feeding all influence male mating success in Jarvis' fruit fly. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15004. [PMID: 32929156 PMCID: PMC7490381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Males of certain Dacini fruit flies are strongly attracted to, and feed upon, plant secondary compounds such as methyl eugenol, raspberry ketone and zingerone. The consumed lure is generally found to induce physiological and behavioural changes that enhance the mating performance of lure-fed males. Male Bactrocera jarvisi respond strongly to zingerone from a young age, but only weakly respond to raspberry ketone. We hypothesized that this selective lure-response would be reflected in the physiological importance of the lure to the fly. We found that zingerone feeding by young males resulted in significantly greater mating success in competitive mating trials with lure-deprived flies, but the mating advantage was lost in older males. Lure dosage had a significant effect on the duration of the mating advantage, for example when fed 20 µg of zingerone, the advantage lasted only 1 day post-feeding, but when fed of 50 µg zingerone the advantage lasted 7 days. Raspberry ketone feeding did not confer any mating advantage to males except at one dosage (50 µg) for 1 day after feeding. When given a choice, B. jarvisi females preferred to mate with zingerone-fed versus to raspberry ketone-fed males. This study revealed lure, dosage and age of fly at time of lure administration are all important factors for maximising lure-enhanced fruit fly mating performance. These findings contribute to a better theoretical understanding of the evolution of fruit fly-lure interactions and may help improve fruit fly pest management via the Sterile Insect Technique through semiochemical-mediated enhancement of sterile male mating performance.
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11
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Miao J, Lin H, Zhang S, Huo J, Deng S. Effect on amino acid and mineral content of the loach ( Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) by adding Fe (II) chelating hairtail protein hydrolysates (Fe (II)-HPH) to the feed. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1575-1582. [PMID: 32180966 PMCID: PMC7063382 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the effect on amino acid and mineral content of the loach meat by adding Fe (II) chelating hairtail protein hydrolysates (Fe (II)-HPH) to the feed. A total of 100 healthy loaches were selected. After 1 week's adaptive feeding, they were randomly divided into five groups and fed with feeds containing of Fe (II)-HPH (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 g/kg). On the 40th day, detection work of general nutrients (moisture, ash, crude protein, and crude fat), mineral elements (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Na, K, and Ca), amino acid and amino acid score (AAS), Chemical Score (CS) and essential amino acid index (EAAI) indexes were done. The results show that crude protein has the highest content while crude fat has the lowest when amount of added Fe (II)-HPH in feed is 2 g/kg. The Fe content is significantly improved while amount of added is 1, 2, 4 g/kg. The Ca content is significantly improved and the Zn content is significantly improved while amount of added was 2 g/kg. Mn contents are significantly lower than control while amount of added is 4 g/kg. Based on analysis of amino acids in each group, the nutritional value of loach meat with 2 g/kg Fe (II)-HPH addition amount is relatively high, total amount of essential amino acids increases significantly, and EAA/TAA and EAA/NEAA improve significantly. In conclusion, adding 2 g/kg Fe (II)-HPH to feed could improve the nutritional values of loach meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Miao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for SeafoodCollege of Food and PharmacyZhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushanChina
| | - Huimin Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for SeafoodCollege of Food and PharmacyZhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushanChina
| | - Shan Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for SeafoodCollege of Food and PharmacyZhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushanChina
| | - Jiancong Huo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for SeafoodCollege of Food and PharmacyZhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushanChina
| | - Shanggui Deng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for SeafoodCollege of Food and PharmacyZhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushanChina
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12
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Shamshir RA, Wee SL. Zingerone improves mating performance of Zeugodacus tau (Diptera: Tephritidae) through enhancement of male courtship activity and sexual signaling. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 119:103949. [PMID: 31563620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Certain male fruit flies from the genera Bactrocera and Zeugodacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) actively forage for floral semiochemicals produced by some endemic Bulbophyllum orchids found in tropical and subtropical forests. These floral semiochemicals are largely classified as either phenylbutanoids (e.g., raspberry ketone (RK)) or phenylpropanoids (e.g., methyl eugenol (ME)). Zingerone (ZN) is a phenylbutanoid recently found that structurally resembles ME and RK, both of which are phytochemicals commonly used as male attractants in fruit fly control programmes. It was previously shown that feeding on ME and RK increased the mating success of certain tephritid fruit flies, specifically in B. dorsalis and B. tryoni males, respectively, through enhancement of sexual signaling. However, ZN, which acts as a metabolic enhancer to increase male courtship activity in B. tryoni, did not show the same effect. As fruit fly-phytochemical lure interactions are unique and species-specific phenomena, this study seeks to elucidate the ecological significance of ZN feeding to Zeugodacus tau in terms of sexual signaling. We demonstrate here that ZN feeding by Z. tau males enhanced female attraction and subsequent mating success by increasing male courtship, and the attractiveness of the sexual signals in both wind tunnel and semi-field cage bioassays. In addition, we also demonstrated temporal effects on male behaviour in relation to the amount of lure intake. However, feeding on ZN did not appear to affect the total time spent in copula for Z. tau. This is the first report showing an important role of ZN in increasing courtship activity as well as enhancement of sexual signaling in Z. tau males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabiatul Addawiyah Shamshir
- Centre for Insect Systematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suk-Ling Wee
- Centre for Insect Systematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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13
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Liu Y, Xing R, Liu S, Qin Y, Li K, Yu H, Li P. Effects of chitooligosaccharides supplementation with different dosages, molecular weights and degrees of deacetylation on growth performance, innate immunity and hepatopancreas morphology in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Carbohydr Polym 2019; 226:115254. [PMID: 31582076 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Three trials were conducted to comprehensively evaluate the application of chitooligosaccharides (COSs) different dosages, molecular weights (MW) and degrees of deacetylation (DD) as a feed additive for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). In trial 1, COSs (3 KDa and 85% DD) at four different dosages (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15% and 0.2%) were added to feed to investigate the appropriate dosages. The survival ratio (SR) of the shrimps was not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the control and treatment groups. The shrimps fed with 0.1% COSs supplementation exhibited the highest wet body weight (FBW), specific growth ratio (SGR), and weight gain (WG) and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR). In trial 2, COSs with different MW (85% DD and 0.1% dosage) were tested. Except for the group treated with the 12 KDa COSs, all shrimps fed with COSs had remarkably higher (P < 0.05) FBW, WG, and SGR and lower FCR (P < 0.05) than the control group, and shrimps fed with the 1 KDa COSs showed most positive effects. In trial 3, COSs with different DD (MW of 1 KDa and 0.1% dosage) were further studied. The different DD were DD5, DD25, DD50, DD75, and DD95. Shrimps fed COSs-supplemented diets of DD75 or DD95 exhibited higher (P < 0.05) FBW, WG and SGR and lower FCR than the other groups. The DD95 group had the highest FBW, WG and SGR and the lowest FCR, but there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the DD75 and DD95 groups. Moreover, for COSs supplementation, especially for the DD75 and DD95 groups, the antioxidant parameters were significantly different from those of the other groups. Furthermore, groups fed diets with COSs supplementation had higher (P < 0.05) trypsin activity than those fed control diets. In addition, immune and antioxidant gene expression and the morphology of the hepatopancreas were affected by the DD of COSs. Therefore, the additive dosages, molecular weights and degrees of deacetylation of COSs significantly affected the growth performance of the shrimps; therefore, it is particularly important to determine the optimum parameters of COSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Ronge Xing
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Song Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Yukun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Kecheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Huahua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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14
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Chen J, Chen L. Effects of chitosan-supplemented diets on the growth performance, nonspecific immunity and health of loach fish (Misgurnus anguillicadatus). Carbohydr Polym 2019; 225:115227. [PMID: 31521296 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary chitosan on the growth performance and nonspecific immunity of loaches (Misgurnus anguillicadatus). Four practical diets at three levels of chitosan (1, 5 and 10 g/kg) were fed to loach (3.13 ± 0.02 g) in triplicate groups (20 fish per replicate) for 10 weeks. Contrary to high-chitosan treatment, the administration of low or moderate levels of oral chitosan (1 or 5 g/kg) significantly increased the body weight gain, specific growth rate and condition factor. The oral administration of chitosan significantly increased the survival rate, phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, lysozyme, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities, as well as the immunoglobulin M and complement 3 contents and the disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila. The optimum dose of dietary chitosan required for the maximum growth of loach was 5 g/kg. These results indicated that chitosan exerted immunostimulatory effects on loaches (M. anguillicadatus) and can thus be used as a dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou,222005, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou,222005, China
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15
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Kaleo IV, Gao Q, Liu B, Sun C, Zhou Q, Zhang H, Shan F, Xiong Z, Bo L, Song C. Effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on growth performance, physiological and immune response, and related immune gene expression of Macrobrachium rosenbergii with Vibrio anguillarum and ammonia stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:603-613. [PMID: 30902724 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on Macrobrachium rosenbergii under high ammonia exposure, freshwater prawns were randomly divided into five groups: a control group was fed with basal diet, and four treatment groups fed with basal diet supplemented with 0.25%, 0.5% and 1.0% M. oleifera leaf extract and 0.025% Enrofloxacin for 60 days, respectively. Then, freshwater prawns were exposed to high ammonia stress for 72 h and Vibro anguillarum infection. The growth, antioxidant capabilities, related immune genes as well as resistance to infection by V. anguillarum were determined. The results showed that compared with the control group, the weight gain, specific growth rate and protein efficiency rate, haemolymph catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) increased while feed conversion ratio, haemolymph aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, nitrogen oxide (NO), hepatopancreas heat shock proteins (HSP70), immune deficiency (IMD) expression levels decreased in the group of 0.5% M. oleifera leaf extract before the stress. After ammonia stress, the group of 0.5% M. oleifera leaf extract also could improve the haemolymph SOD, glutathione peroxidase, NO, iNOS, hepatopancreas HSP70 expression levels and reduce haemolymph CAT, hepatopancreas peroxiredoxin 5 and NF kappa B inhibitor alpha expression level compared with the control group. The rate of mortality of the prawns challenged with V. anguillarum was lower in the supplemented groups in comparison with the control group with the lowest being in the group of 0.5% M. oleifera leaf extract. Antioxidant activities as well as biochemical parameters in the enrofloxacin group (0.025%E) were not significantly enhanced both pre and post challenge in comparison with the M. oleifera leaf extract groups, showing the superiority of the natural herb over the synthetic antibiotic. In summary, this study suggested that at an inclusion rate of 0.5%, M. oleifera leaf extract could increase the growth performance, even has positive effects on physiological and immune function and prevents high ammonia stress in the Freshwater prawn, M.rosenbergii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Venkonwine Kaleo
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Fisheries Commission, Post Office Box 268, Tamale, Ghana.
| | - Qiang Gao
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fishies, Huzhou, 313001, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China.
| | - Cunxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Qunlan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Fan Shan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Zhe Xiong
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Liu Bo
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Changyou Song
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi, 214081, China
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16
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Wu CC, Lin CL, Huang CY, Hsieh S, Liu CH, Hsieh SL. α-Phellandrene enhances the immune response and resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:1108-1114. [PMID: 30414490 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity and resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus in white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, that received α-phellandrene were examined. The results indicated that the percent survival of shrimp receiving 4, 8, and 12 μg g-1 α-phellandrene was significantly higher than that of control shrimp after 72 h (p < 0.05). In a separate experiment, the phenoloxidase (PO), respiratory bursts, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and phagocytic and lysozyme activity of L. vannamei receiving 8 and 12 μg g-1 α-phellandrene were significantly higher than those of the other groups upon challenge with V. alginolyticus at 24-60, 36-60, 12-60, 12-72 and 48-72 h, respectively. However, no significant differences in the total haemocyte counts (THC) of L. vannamei receiving any dose of α-phellandrene and of control shrimp were observed at 12-72 h. The expression (mRNA transcripts) of the immune genes prophenoloxidase (proPO), LPS- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP) and peroxinectin (PE) of shrimp receiving α-phellandrene at 8 and 12 μg g-1 significantly increased after challenge with V. alginolyticus for 72 h (p < 0.05). We conclude that the immune ability and resistance against V. alginolyticus infection increased in L. vannamei receiving >4 μg g-1 α-phellandrene. These results indicated that α-phellandrene plays an important role in the innate immunity of white shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Wu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Lin
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yung Huang
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Shuchen Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan.
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17
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Wee SL, Peek T, Clarke AR. The responsiveness of Bactrocera jarvisi (Diptera: Tephritidae) to two naturally occurring phenylbutaonids, zingerone and raspberry ketone. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 109:41-46. [PMID: 29890169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The males of different species of Bactrocera and Zeugodacus fruit flies are commonly attracted to plant-derived phenylpropanoids (e.g. methyl eugenol (ME)) or phenylbutanoids (e.g. raspberry ketone (RK)) but almost never to both. However, one particular plant-derived phenylbutanoid, zingerone (ZN), which possesses an intermediate chemical structure between ME and RK, weakly attracts both ME- and RK-responding fruit fly species. Bactrocera jarvisi, an Australian fruit fly species, is weakly attracted to cue lure (an analogue of RK) but strongly attracted to ZN. Here, we investigated the minimum olfactory threshold and optimum sensitivity of B. jarvisi males to ZN and RK as a function of dose, time and sexual maturation. Our results show that B. jarvisi males had a marked preferential response to ZN, with a much lower olfactory threshold and faster response time to ZN than RK. Probit analysis demonstrated that ZN was at least >1600× more potent than RK as a male attractant to B. jarvisi. Although fruit fly male attraction to the phytochemicals is generally associated with sexual maturity, in B. jarvisi immature males were also attracted to ZN. Our results suggest that B. jarvisi males have a fine-tuned olfactory response to ZN, which appears to play a central role in the chemical ecology of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Ling Wee
- School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.
| | - Thelma Peek
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Anthony R Clarke
- School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.
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18
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Huynh TG, Cheng AC, Chi CC, Chiu KH, Liu CH. A synbiotic improves the immunity of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei: Metabolomic analysis reveal compelling evidence. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 79:284-293. [PMID: 29778843 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the synergistic effects of a diet-administered synbiotic comprising galactooligosaccharide (GOS) and the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 7-40 on immune responses, immune-related gene expressions, and disease resistance to Vibrio alginolyticus in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. To unravel the regulatory role of the synbiotic in activating the immune system of shrimp, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic analysis were used to investigate hepatopancreas metabolites, then significantly altered metabolites were confirmed in both the hepatopancreas and plasma by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and spectrophotometric analysis. Shrimp were fed four experimental diets for 60 days, including a basal diet with no GOS or probiotic (control), 0.4% GOS (PRE), probiotic (PRO), and 0.4% GOS in combination with the probiotic (SYN). Results showed that the SYN diet significantly increased survival of L. vannamei 24 h after a V. alginolyticus injection. Immune parameters such as phenoloxidase activity, respiratory bursts, phagocytic activity and gene expressions, including prophenoloxidase I, serine proteinase, and peroxinectin, of shrimp fed the SYN diet significantly increased, compared to the other treatments and control. In addition, results from the 1H NMR analysis revealed that 22 hepatopancreas metabolites were matched and identified between the SYN and control groups, among which three metabolites, i.e., inosine monophosphate (IMP), valine, and betaine, significantly increased in the SYN group. Confirmation using RP-HPLC and spectrophotometric methods showed that IMP presented high amounts in the hepatopancreas, but not in the plasma of shrimp; in contrast, valine and betaine metabolites were in high concentrations in both the hepatopancreas and plasma. Our results suggested that GOS and the probiotic had a synergistic effect on enhancing immunity and disease resistance of L. vannamei against V. alginolyticus infection through inducing syntheses of a nucleotide (IMP), a branched amino acid (valine), and a methyl group donor (betaine) in the hepatopancreas, which were then released into the plasma and directly taken up by hemocytes, resulting in a triggering of melanization and phagocytosis processes in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong-Giang Huynh
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan; College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Viet Nam
| | - Ann-Chang Cheng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Chi
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsun Chiu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Hung Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan; Research Center for Animal biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
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19
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Zhu M, Long X, Wu S. Effects of dietary trehalose on the growth performance and nonspecific immunity of white shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 78:127-130. [PMID: 29684612 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of trehalose on the growth performance and nonspecific immunity of white shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei). The shrimps were randomly divided into four groups, i.e. control group fed with normal commercial diet and three treatment groups fed with trehalose-containing diets (0.5, 1 and 1.5 g kg-1) and experimental diets during a 12-week breeding experiment. Oral trehalose administration significantly improved the body weight; food efficiency; survival rate; phenoloxidase activity; superoxide dismutase activity; glutathione peroxidase level; total haemocyte count; hyaline, semigranular and granular cell numbers; and disease resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus relative to those of the control group (p < 0.05). However, a high level (1.5 g kg-1) of trehalose supplement did not further increase the efficiency compared with the moderate dose (1 g kg-1). Results indicated that trehalose exerted immunostimulatory effects on Pacific white shrimps (L. vannamei) and may be used as a diet supplement for the crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China; Lianyungang Long-Yangtze Biotech Company, Lianyungang, 601 Huaguoshan Road, Lianyungang Economic and Technological Development Zone, 222069, China; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaohua Long
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China; College of Food Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China.
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Pan S, Jiang L, Wu S. Stimulating effects of polysaccharide from Angelica sinensis on the nonspecific immunity of white shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:170-174. [PMID: 29305988 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) was prepared by hot water extraction. Then, high-performance liquid chromatography and ion chromatography analyses were conducted, and the results indicated that ASP is a heteropolysaccharide, has a molecular mass of 82,000 Da and consists of arabinose, galactose and glucose (molar ratio of 6:1:1). The effects of ASP on the nonspecific immunity of white shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) were investigated by feeding them with ASP-containing diets (0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg) during a 12-week breeding experiment. Oral ASP administration significantly improved the survival rate, phenoloxidase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione peroxidase level, disease resistance against V. alginolyticus, total haemocyte count and number of hyaline cells, semigranular cells and granular cells (p < .05). ASP exhibits immunostimulatory effects on Pacific white shrimps (L. vannamei) and may thus be used as a diet supplement for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikun Pan
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China; College of Food Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China
| | - Longfa Jiang
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China; College of Food Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China; College of Food Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, 222005, China.
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21
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Elshopakey GE, Risha EF, Abdalla OA, Okamura Y, Hanh VD, Ibuki M, Sudhakaran R, Itami T. Enhancement of immune response and resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) by dietary supplementation of β-1,4-mannobiose. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:26-34. [PMID: 29288050 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Supplementation of prebiotic carbohydrates can act as a potent immunomodulator and have the efficacy to induce immune-related genes which are involved in host defense. Pure β-1,4-mannobiose (MNB) showed activation of prophenoloxidase system of shrimp hemocytes in vitro. The resistance of kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus against Vibrio parahaemolyticus was examined after the shrimp were fed with 0 (control), 0.02, 0.2, and 2% MNB supplemented diets. The results showed significantly higher survival rates in MNB supplemented shrimp than those of the control one from 2 to 12 days post challenge. In another experiment, the hemocyte count, ROS production, phagocytic, phenoloxidase and bactericidal activities, and expression of immune-related genes were investigated in the control and MNB supplemented groups at day 1, 4, 6, 8 and 11 of the feeding. These immune parameters were significantly enhanced in MNB supplemented groups. Furthermore, the gene expression analysis showed that transcripts of lysozyme, crustin, penaeidin and TNF were significantly up-regulated in hemolymph, lymphoid organs and intestines of MNB treated shrimp. Overall, the results provided evidence that MNB supplementation could improve the immune response and increase shrimp resistance against V. parahaemolyticus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehad E Elshopakey
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Science, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Engy F Risha
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Osama A Abdalla
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Yo Okamura
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Science, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Vu Duc Hanh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Raja Sudhakaran
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, India
| | - Toshiaki Itami
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Science, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
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Dong J, Zhao YY, Yu YH, Sun N, Li YD, Wei H, Yang ZQ, Li XD, Li L. Effect of stocking density on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and nonspecific immune parameters of Palaemonetes sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 73:37-41. [PMID: 29208496 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Palaemonetes sinensis is a new breed of shrimp with great potential for aquaculture, which has been confirmed in our previous production tests. However, there are limited reports about this species and its biological information is scarce. This study describes the effect of stocking density on the growth, digestive enzyme activities, and nonspecific immunity of P. sinensis with an initial average body weight was 0.25 ± 0.02 g. Groups of shrimps were reared at four different initial densities (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 individuals·L-1). After 30 days of culture, the results indicated that the final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate were higher in shrimps grown in groups of 10 individuals·L-1 than other groups, but the survival rates of these shrimp were significantly lower than those reared in group of 2.5 or 5 individuals·L-1. The trypsin, amylase, and lipase activities of shrimp significantly decreased with increase in stocking density. Nonspecific immune indicators decreased significantly with increase in density, but there were no significant differences between the 2.5 and 5 individuals·L-1 groups in terms of the total haemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase activity (PO), lysozyme (LZM), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). These results suggest that increasing the stocking density from 2.5 to 5 individuals·L-1 did not affect any of the detected indicators of P. sinensis, but there are shelter in farming mode is better for culture of P. sinensis up to 10 individuals L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhao
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China
| | - Ye-Hui Yu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China
| | - Na Sun
- Research & Development Center, Panjin Guanghe Crab Industry Co. Ltd., Panjin, Liaoning 124000, PR China
| | - Ying-Dong Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China
| | - Hua Wei
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China
| | - Zhan-Quan Yang
- Research & Development Center, Panjin Guanghe Crab Industry Co. Ltd., Panjin, Liaoning 124000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China; Research & Development Center, Panjin Guanghe Crab Industry Co. Ltd., Panjin, Liaoning 124000, PR China.
| | - Lin Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China.
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Xia Z, Wu S. Effects of glutathione on the survival, growth performance and non-specific immunity of white shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 73:141-144. [PMID: 29246808 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reduced glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant non-enzymatic antioxidant present in mammalian cells and the main intracellular defence mechanism against oxidative stress. This study investigated the effects of GSH on survival rate, mean body gain weight, feed efficiency (FE), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, GSH peroxidase (GPx) and susceptibility to Vibrio alginolyticus when Pacific white shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) were fed with GSH-containing diets. GSH was added to diets at 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 g/kg during the eight-week breeding experiment. Oral administration of GSH had significantly increased mean body weight gain, FE, PO activity, SOD activity, ACP activity, AKP activity, GPx activity and susceptibility to V. alginolyticus compared with those of the control group (p < .05). Results indicate that GSH exerts both growth-promoting and immunostimulatory effects on Pacific white shrimps (L. vannamei).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiang Xia
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou 222005, China; College of Food Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou 222005, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou 222005, China; College of Food Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute, Huaihai Institute of Technology, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou 222005, China.
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Rajkumar T, Taju G, Abdul Majeed S, Sinwan Sajid M, Santhosh Kumar S, Sivakumar S, Thamizhvanan S, Vimal S, Sahul Hameed AS. Ontogenetic changes in the expression of immune related genes in response to immunostimulants and resistance against white spot syndrome virus in Litopenaeus vannamei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 76:132-142. [PMID: 28579079 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have focused on viral and plant immunostimulants which could have beneficial effects in disease prevention and control in shrimp culture. At present, the application of the recombinant VP28 protein (r-VP28) and herbal immunostimulant has been considered as a more effective approach to prevent white spot syndrome (WSS) by enhancing the immune response in shrimp. In the present study, expression of selected immune related genes in response to r-VP28 and herbal immunostimulant mix (HIM) were separately studied qualitatively and quantitatively by RT-PCR and real time PCR, respectively during ontogenetic development from nauplius to juvenile stage in Litopenaeus vannamei. The mRNA expression level of immune related genes such as anti-lipopolysaccharides (ALF), Lysozyme, cMnSOD, Crustin, Prophenoloxidase, Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and Haemocyanin were found to be up-regulated significantly in different ontogenetic development stages of shrimp fed with r-VP28 and HIM formulated diets. Relative percent survival (RPS) was determined in shrimp fed with immunostimulants formulated diets after oral challenge with WSSV. The survival of WSSV challenged shrimp was found to be higher in immunostimulants treated groups when compared to untreated group. The results of PCR, ELISA and real time PCR revealed the absence of WSSV in WSSV-challenged shrimp after 20 days of treatment with immunostimulants. Among these immunostimulants, HIM was found to be more effective when compared to r-VP28. After a survey of literature, we are of the opinion that this might be the first report on the expression of immune genes during ontogenetic development of L. vannamei in response to immunostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rajkumar
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Taju
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Abdul Majeed
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Sinwan Sajid
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Santhosh Kumar
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sivakumar
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Thamizhvanan
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Vimal
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A S Sahul Hameed
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Wu CC, Chang YP, Wang JJ, Liu CH, Wong SL, Jiang CM, Hsieh SL. Dietary administration of Gynura bicolor (Roxb. Willd.) DC water extract enhances immune response and survival rate against Vibrio alginolyticus and white spot syndrome virus in white shrimp Litopeneaus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 42:25-33. [PMID: 25462462 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gynura bicolor (Roxb. & Willd.) DC., a perennial plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, is originated from the tropical area of Asia. The total hemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory bursts (RBs), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and lysozyme activity were examined after white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei had been fed diets containing the water extract of G. bicolor at 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g (kg diet)(-1) for 7-28 days. The results indicated that these parameters increased accordingly with the amount of extract and time. THCs of the shrimp fed the G. bicolor diets at 1.0 and 2.0 g (kg diet)(-1) were significantly higher than that fed the control diet for 14-28 days. For the shrimp fed the G. bicolor diets at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g (kg diet)(-1), the PO, RBs, and lysozyme activities reached the highest levels after 7 days, whereas SOD activity reached the highest levels after 14 days. In a separate experiment, white shrimp L. vannamei fed the diets containing the G. bicolor extract for 28 days were challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus at 3 × 10(6) cfu shrimp(-1) and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) at 1 × 10(3) copies shrimp(-1). The survival rate of the shrimp fed the G. bicolor diets was significantly higher than that of the shrimp fed the control diet at 48-144 h post challenge V. alginolyticus and WSSV. For the shrimp fed the G. bicolor diets at 0.5, 1 and 2 g (kg diet)(-1) under challenges of V. alginolyticus and WSSV, their LPS- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP) and peroxinectin (PE) mRNA expressions were significantly higher than those of the challenged control shrimp at 12-96 and 24-144 h post-challenge, respectively. We concluded that dietary administration of a G. bicolor extract could enhance the innate immunity within 28 days as evidenced by the increases in immune parameters (PO, RBs, and lysozyme) and antioxidant enzyme (SOD) activities of shrimp to against V. alginolyticus and WSSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ping Chang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 831, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Jye Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 831, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 916, Taiwan
| | - Saou-Lien Wong
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 916, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Ming Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Taitung Junior College, Taitung 950, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan.
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Svetaz LA, Di Liberto MG, Zanardi MM, Suárez AG, Zacchino SA. Efficient production of the flavoring agent zingerone and of both (R)- and (S)-zingerols via green fungal biocatalysis. Comparative antifungal activities between enantiomers. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:22042-58. [PMID: 25470023 PMCID: PMC4284693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151222042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zingerone (1) and both chiral forms of zingerol (2) were obtained from dehydrozingerone (3) by biotransformation with filamentous fungi. The bioconversion of 3 with A. fumigatus, G. candidum or R. oryzae allowed the production of 1 as the sole product at 8 h and in 81%–90% at 72 h. In turn, A. flavus, A. niger, C. echinulata, M. circinelloides and P. citrinum produced 1 at 8 h, but at 72 h alcohol 2 was obtained as the major product (74%–99%). Among them, A. niger and M. circinelloides led to the anti-Prelog zingerol (R)-2 in only one step with high conversion rates and ee. Instead, C. echinulata and P. citrinum allowed to obtain (S)-2 in only one step, with high conversion rates and ee. Both chiral forms of 2 were tested for antifungal properties against a panel of clinically important fungi, showing that (R)-, but not (S)-2 possessed antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Svetaz
- Pharmacognosy Area, School of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Melina G Di Liberto
- Pharmacognosy Area, School of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - María M Zanardi
- Institute of Chemistry Rosario (IQUIR)-CONICET, School of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Alejandra G Suárez
- Institute of Chemistry Rosario (IQUIR)-CONICET, School of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Susana A Zacchino
- Pharmacognosy Area, School of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
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27
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Kumaran N, Prentis PJ, Mangalam KP, Schutze MK, Clarke AR. Sexual selection in true fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): transcriptome and experimental evidences for phytochemicals increasing male competitive ability. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:4645-57. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagalingam Kumaran
- School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences; Queensland University of Technology; GPO Box 2434 Brisbane Qld 4001 Australia
| | - Peter J. Prentis
- School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences; Queensland University of Technology; GPO Box 2434 Brisbane Qld 4001 Australia
| | - Kalimuthu P. Mangalam
- School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences; Queensland University of Technology; GPO Box 2434 Brisbane Qld 4001 Australia
| | - Mark K. Schutze
- School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences; Queensland University of Technology; GPO Box 2434 Brisbane Qld 4001 Australia
- Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre; LPO Box 5012 Bruce ACT 2617 Australia
| | - Anthony R. Clarke
- School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences; Queensland University of Technology; GPO Box 2434 Brisbane Qld 4001 Australia
- Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre; LPO Box 5012 Bruce ACT 2617 Australia
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28
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Yin XL, Li ZJ, Yang K, Lin HZ, Guo ZX. Effect of guava leaves on growth and the non-specific immune response of Penaeus monodon. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 40:190-196. [PMID: 25010674 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaf extracts have antiviral and antibacterial activity against shrimp pathogens such as yellow-head virus (YHV), white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), and Vibrio harveyi, which make it a potential water disinfectant for use in shrimp culture. In this study, the safety of guava leaf supplementation in shrimp was evaluated by studying its influence on growth and the non-specific immune response of Penaeus monodon. Six diets containing different levels of guava leaves (0% [basal diet], 0.025% [G1], 0.05% [G2], 0.1% [G3], 0.2% [G4], and 0.4% [G5]) were fed to groups of shrimp (1.576 ± 0.011 g body weight) in triplicate for 56 days. Growth performance (final body weight, WG, PWG, SGR) of shrimp fed guava leaf diets was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of shrimp fed on the basal diet. The G1 diet resulted in the highest body weight gain (308.44%), followed by the G2 (295.45%), G3 (283.05%), G5 (281.29%), G4 (276.11%), and finally the basal diet (214.58%). Survival of shrimp in the G1 diet group was higher than that of shrimp in the control and the other experimental groups; however, no statistical differences (P > 0.05) were found. Dietary supplementation with guava leaf improved the activities of prophenoloxidase (PO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in serum, and of superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and lysozyme (LSZ) both in serum and hepatopancreas of shrimp. In the experimental groups, the activities of these enzymes followed a similar pattern of change; they increased initially at low levels of dietary supplementation and then decreased with increasing concentrations of dietary guava leaf. Serum PO and SOD activities in shrimp fed the G1 diet reached 7.50 U ml(-1) and 178.33 U ml(-1), respectively, with PO activity being significantly higher than in controls. In shrimp fed the G1 diet, SOD, ACP, and AKP activities in hepatopancreas were significantly higher than in the controls, reaching 57.32 U g(-1), 23.28 U g(-1), and 19.35 U g(-1) protein, respectively. The highest activities of serum ACP, AKP, LSZ, and of hepatopancreas LSZ, were observed in the G3 diet group. Total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS) activity was highest (64.80 U ml(-1)) in the G4 diet group, which was significantly higher than that observed in the control group. These results suggest that dietary guava leaf supplementation could enhance the growth performance and non-specific immune response of P. monodon. Therefore, guava leaf is considered safe for use as a water disinfectant in shrimp culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Yin
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhuo-Jia Li
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, China.
| | - Keng Yang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, China.
| | - Hei-Zhao Lin
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, China.
| | - Zhi-Xun Guo
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, China.
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29
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Kumaran N, Hayes RA, Clarke AR. Cuelure but not zingerone make the sex pheromone of male Bactrocera tryoni (Tephritidae: Diptera) more attractive to females. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 68:36-43. [PMID: 25010549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In tephritid fruit flies of the genus Bactrocera Macquart, a group of plant derived compounds (sensu amplo 'male lures') enhance the mating success of males that have consumed them. For flies responding to the male lure methyl eugenol, this is due to the accumulation of chemicals derived from the male lure in the male rectal gland (site of pheromone synthesis) and the subsequent release of an attractive pheromone. Cuelure, raspberry ketone and zingerone are a second, related group of male lures to which many Bactrocera species respond. Raspberry ketone and cuelure are both known to accumulate in the rectal gland of males as raspberry ketone, but it is not known if the emitted male pheromone is subsequently altered in complexity or is more attractive to females. Using Bactrocera tryoni as our test insect, and cuelure and zingerone as our test chemicals, we assess: (i) lure accumulation in the rectal gland; (ii) if the lures are released exclusively in association with the male pheromone; and (iii) if the pheromone of lure-fed males is more attractive to females than the pheromone of lure-unfed males. As previously documented, we found cuelure was stored in its hydroxyl form of raspberry ketone, while zingerone was stored largely in an unaltered state. Small but consistent amounts of raspberry ketone and β-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propionic acid were also detected in zingerone-fed flies. Males released the ingested lures or their analogues, along with endogenous pheromone chemicals, only during the dusk courtship period. More females responded to squashed rectal glands extracted from flies fed on cuelure than to glands from control flies, while more females responded to the pheromone of calling cuelure-fed males than to control males. The response to zingerone treatments in both cases was not different from the control. The results show that male B. tryoni release ingested lures as part of their pheromone blend and, at least for cuelure, this attracts more females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagalingam Kumaran
- School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - R Andrew Hayes
- Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia; Forest Industries Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4558, Australia
| | - Anthony R Clarke
- School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, Bruce, ACT, Australia
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30
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Kanani HG, Nobahar Z, Kakoolaki S, Jafarian H. Effect of ginger- and garlic-supplemented diet on growth performance, some hematological parameters and immune responses in juvenile Huso huso. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:481-90. [PMID: 24122196 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Physiological parameters and growth performance of Huso huso fingerlings fed with diet supplemented with herbal plants were studied in this study. Dietary treatments were 0 g (= control), 1.0 g (garlic) and 1.0 g (ginger) of 100 g(-1) feed for 60 days. Specific growth rate, body weight gain and condition factor were significantly increased in ginger treatment at the end of the trial. Highest levels of erythrocyte and hematocrit were observed in fingerlings ginger group after 60 days. Globulin increased significantly in ginger group, and the highest level of albumin was observed in garlic group. To sum up, it seems that herbal diet can improve some growth and physiological parameters in this species.
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31
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Mahima, Rahal A, Deb R, Latheef SK, Abdul Samad H, Tiwari R, Verma AK, Kumar A, Dhama K. Immunomodulatory and therapeutic potentials of herbal, traditional/indigenous and ethnoveterinary medicines. Pak J Biol Sci 2013; 15:754-74. [PMID: 24175417 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2012.754.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Herbs/Botanical plants are considered as God's gift to human beings in the form of natural medicines, like the one well known "Sanjeevani booti" described in Hindu Mythology. The traditional and ethno-veterinary practices have been in use for centuries, transferring the knowledge from generation to generation and they are accessible, easy to prepare and administer, with little or no cost at all. Even though the modern developments in therapeutic field brought about a rapid decline in traditional medicine, the plant-based remedies are still having a crucial role as potential source of therapeutic aids in health systems all over the world for both humans and animals. Among the 21,000 medicinal plants listed by the World Health Organization (WHO), 2500 species are native to India, which stands first in the production of medicinal herbs. This innumerable treasure of medicinal herbs brings India the distinction of 'the botanical garden of the world'. Nowadays immune-based therapies are gaining more importance than monovalent approaches which are having limited benefits. Apart from the actions like treating diseases, control of ecto- and endo-parasites, fertility enhancement, bone setting and poor mothering management, an array of herbal medicines have been reported which are having immunomodulatory effects like modulation of cytokine secretion, histamine release, immunoglobulin secretion, class switching, cellular co-receptor expression, lymphocyte expression, phagocytosis and so on. The present article describes in brief few of these important ones viz., ashwagandha, amla, tulsi, arjuna, aloe vera, garlic, turmeric, ginger, shatavari, neem, guduchi, kiwifruit, tut, kamala, palashlata, kokilaksha etc. being used for human and animal health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishvidhyalaya Ewam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281001, India
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32
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Prasad AK, Mishra PC. Study of scavenging action of zingerone towards the OH radical: formation of vanillin and ferulic acid. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar Prasad
- Department of Physics; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221 005 India
| | - P. C. Mishra
- Department of Physics; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221 005 India
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33
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Ingle AM, Verma AK, Tiwari R, Karthik K, Chakraborty S, Deb R, Rajagunalan S, Rathore R, Dhama K. Immunomodulators in day to day life: a review. Pak J Biol Sci 2013; 16:826-843. [PMID: 24498836 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2013.826.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There are ongoing trends of immunomodulation to combat a vast range of human and animal diseases including the incurable diseases like viral diseases, cancers, autoimmune diseases and inflammatory conditions. Animate as well as non-animate factors, surrounding us are interacting with our immune system. A balanced diet should contain all essential components from energy to vitamin and trace minerals. Each of these constituent has a very special effect on the immune system starting from their development to active role in immunity therefore, the outcome of their deficiency often ends in disease. Edible items which we consume like various vegetables, spices, herbs, fruits etc., are also equally responsible in manipulation of our system either in positive or negative way. Water has biggest share in our body and acts as the main medium to support the activities of the different system of body without exception of immune system. Proper environmental temperature is essential to maintain body's functions and experiments carried out regarding the effect of temperature suggest that extremes of the temperature are often cause immunosuppression directly by acting on the cells of immunity or indirectly through inducing stress and thereby increasing production of catecholamine which are potent anti-immune molecules. Various pathogenic as well as non-pathogenic bacteria cause immune suppression and immune potentiation, respectively. Proper exercise hold a prime position in the healthy life as it supports immunity and keeps disease away. The present review deals with all these immunomodulators having both positive and negative impact on the health status of an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet M Ingle
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (UP)-243122, India
| | - Amit Kumar Verma
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Viswavidyalaya Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura-281001, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Viswavidyalaya Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura-281001, India
| | - K Karthik
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (UP)-243122, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Deaprtment of Animal Resource Development, Pt. Nehru Complex, Agartala, Tripura-799001, India
| | - Rajib Deb
- Animal Genetics and Breeding, Project Directorate on Cattle, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Grass Farm Road, Meerut, (UP)-250001, India
| | - S Rajagunalan
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (UP)-243122, India
| | - Rajesh Rathore
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (UP)-243122, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (UP)-243122, India
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34
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The role of lipoic acid in the protection against of metallic pollutant effects in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Crustacea, Decapoda). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 165:491-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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35
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Hsieh SL, Wu CC, Liu CH, Lian JL. Effects of the water extract of Gynura bicolor (Roxb. & Willd.) DC on physiological and immune responses to Vibrio alginolyticus infection in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:18-25. [PMID: 23603309 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.03.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Gynura bicolor (Roxb. & Willd.) DC is widely distributed in certain areas of Asia and is very popular in vegetarian cuisine in Taiwan. To investigate the regulatory roles of G. bicolor in various functions in crustaceans, we examined innate non-specific immune responses (including total hemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase activity (PO), respiratory bursts (RBs), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity), physiological responses (including haemolymph glucose, lactate, and lipids), and gene expressions (including prophenoloxidase (proPO), lipopolysaccharide- and b-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP), and peroxinectin (PE) mRNA transcripts) to the pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) that were individually injected with the water extract from G. bicolor at 2, 4, and 8 μg g(-1). Results indicated that PO, RBs, SOD activity, proPO, LGBP, and PE mRNA transcripts of shrimps receiving the water extract of G. bicolor at 2, 4, and 8 μg g(-1) significantly increased after challenge with V. alginolyticus for 96 h. However, no significant difference in the THC was seen at any dose. L. vannamei injected with the water extract of G. bicolor at all doses respectively maintained lower glucose, lactate, and lipid levels in response to V. alginolyticus challenge at 12-36, 24-36, and 24-48 h. Survival rates at 24-72 h of L. vannamei that received G. bicolor at any dose was significantly higher than those of shrimp that received saline. It was concluded that the water extract of G. bicolor can maintain physiological homeostasis and enhance immunity against V. alginolyticus infection in L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Nanzih District, Kaohsiung City 811, Taiwan.
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36
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Zhang SP, Li JF, Wu XC, Zhong WJ, Xian JA, Liao SA, Miao YT, Wang AL. Effects of different dietary lipid level on the growth, survival and immune-relating genes expression in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:1131-1138. [PMID: 23403158 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Five feeding trials based on the isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets containing 34% protein, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12% or 14% lipid respectively in the circulating water culture system for both 30 and 60 days were conducted to investigate the effect of the dietary lipid level on the growth and immunity in white shirmp, Litopenaeus vannamei adults. The body weight and specific growth rate of white shrimp in different treatments indicated that shrimps fed the diet of 12% lipid level for 30d and 10% lipid level for 60d had the best developmental status. The ability of respiratory burst in hemocytes was improved as the increase of dietary lipid level. The transcripts of LGBP and pPO were sensitive to the dietary lipid in hemocyte and hepatopancreas respectively. The activities of CAT, GPx and AKP were increased to a certain extend according to dietary lipid level. Qualification of MDA showed the lowest level in the sample subjected to 12% lipid level diet, indicating an optimal utilization of the dietary lipid and an efficient clearance of MDA in vivo. These results suggested that dietary lipid level of 10-12% significantly tunes the growth and enhance the immune abilities mainly via ROS pathway of L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
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37
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Study of the quality changes and myofibrillar proteins of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) under modified atmosphere packaging with varying CO2 levels. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-1918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Tian L, Yang H, Liang G, Xu D. Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide on growth performance, gut morphology and stress tolerance of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:1027-1032. [PMID: 22584202 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on growth performance, gut morphology, and NH(3) stress tolerance of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Juvenile Pacific white shrimp (1080 individuals with initial weight of 2.52 ± 0.01 g) were fed either control diet without MOS or one of five dietary MOS (1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g kg(-1)) diets. After the 8-week feeding trial, growth parameters, immune parameters, intestinal microvilli length and resistance against NH(3) stress were assessed. Weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in shrimp fed 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g kg(-1) MOS-supplemented diets than shrimp fed control diet. WG and SGR of shrimp fed 2.0 g kg(-1) MOS-supplemented diet was the highest (P < 0.05) in all experimental groups. Survival rate (SR) of shrimp was generally similar (P > 0.05) in all experimental groups. Compared with control group, TEM analysis revealed that 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g kg(-1) MOS supplementation could significantly increase (P < 0.05) the intestinal microvilli length of shrimp at the ultrastructural level. After NH(3) stress for 24 h, SR of shrimp fed 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g kg(-1) MOS-supplemented diets was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of shrimp fed control diet. Phenoloxidase (PO) activity of 4.0 g kg(-1) MOS-supplemented group was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of control group under normal conditions and NH(3) stress. PO activity significantly decreased (P < 0.05) under NH(3) stress than under normal conditions. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 g kg(-1) MOS-supplemented groups was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of control group under normal conditions. After NH(3) stress for 24 h, SOD activity of all experimental groups also significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared to normal conditions. These results clearly indicated that dietary MOS could improve growth performance and increase the resistance against NH(3) stress in L. vannamei, and the 2.0-4.0 g kg(-1) MOS supplementation was suitable for L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Aquatic Economical Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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