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Loffredo MR, Nencioni L, Mangoni ML, Casciaro B. Antimicrobial peptides for novel antiviral strategies in the current post-COVID-19 pandemic. J Pept Sci 2024; 30:e3534. [PMID: 37501572 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The recent pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has highlighted how urgent and necessary the discovery of new antiviral compounds is for novel therapeutic approaches. Among the various classes of molecules with antiviral activity, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of innate immunity are among the most promising ones, mainly due to their different mechanisms of action against viruses and additional biological properties. In this review, the main physicochemical characteristics of AMPs are described, with particular interest toward peptides derived from amphibian skin. Living in aquatic and terrestrial environments, amphibians are one of the richest sources of AMPs with different primary and secondary structures. Besides describing the various antiviral activities of these peptides and the underlying mechanism, this review aims at emphasizing the high potential of these small molecules for the development of new antiviral agents that likely reduce the selection of resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Loffredo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Casciaro
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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2
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Tran NT, Chen L, Zhou Y, Zhang M, Wang Y, Li S. SpTNF regulates apoptosis and antimicrobial peptide synthesis in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) during white spot syndrome virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023:108881. [PMID: 37279830 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is an inflammatory cytokine that is important in cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and death. However, the functions of TNF in the immune responses of invertebrates have been less studied. In this study, SpTNF was cloned and characterized from mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) for the first time. SpTNF contains an open reading frame of 354 bp encoding 117 deduced amino acids, with a conserved C-terminal TNF homology domain (THD) domain. RNAi knockdown of SpTNF reduced hemocyte apoptosis and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) synthesis. Expression of SpTNF was initially down-regulated but subsequently up-regulated after 48 h in hemocytes of mud crabs after WSSV infection. Results of RNAi knockdown and overexpression showed that SpTNF inhibits the WSSV infection through activating apoptosis, NF-κB pathway, and AMP synthesis. Furthermore, the lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor (SpLITAF) can regulate the expression of SpTNF, induction of apoptosis, and activation of the NF-κB pathway and AMP synthesis. The expression and nuclear translocation of SpLITAF were regulated by WSSV infection. SpLITAF knockdown increased the WSSV copy number and VP28 gene expression. Taken together, these results proved the protective function of SpTNF, which is regulated by SpLITAF, in the immune response of mud crabs against WSSV through the regulation of apoptosis and activation of AMP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Lianjie Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yanlian Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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Cheng C, Ma H, Liu G, Deng Y, Jiang J, Feng J, Guo Z. Biochemical, metabolic, and immune responses of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) after mud crab reovirus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:437-445. [PMID: 35779811 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mud crab reovirus (MCRV) is a serious pathogen that leads to large economic losses in the mud crab farming. However, the molecular mechanism of the immune response after MCRV infection is unclear. In the present study, physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic responses after MCRV infection were investigated. The results showed that MCRV infection could increase lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase activities. MCRV infection decreased antioxidant enzyme activity levels, induced oxidative stress, and caused severe histological damage. Transcriptome analysis identified 416 differentially expressed genes, including 354 up-regulated and 62 down-regulated genes. The detoxification, immune response, and metabolic processes-related genes were found. The results showed that two key pathways including phagocytosis and apoptosis played important roles in response to MCRV infection. The combination of transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that related metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, citrate cycle, lipid, and amino acid metabolism were also significantly disrupted. Moreover, the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids was activated in response to MCRV infection. This study provided a novel insight into the understanding of cellular mechanisms in crustaceans against viral invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChangHong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - HongLing Ma
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - GuangXin Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - YiQing Deng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - JianJun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - Juan Feng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - ZhiXun Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China.
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Zhou J, Zhou JF, Wang Y, Feng GP, Fang WH, Kang W, Ma LB, Li XC. SpSR-B2 functions as a potential pattern recognition receptor involved in antiviral and antibacterial immune responses of mud crab Scylla paramamosain. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:2173-2182. [PMID: 34780895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although class B scavenger receptors (SR-Bs) in mammals are multifunctional molecules, the functions of SR-Bs in invertebrates remain largely unknown. In this study, we characterized an SR-B homolog, namely SpSR-B2, from Scylla paramamosain. SpSR-B2 shared high similarity with mammalian SR-Bs, and exhibited specific binding activity to ac-LDL, indicating that it may be a new member of SR-B class in invertebrates. SpSR-B2 was upregulated after challenge with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) or bacteria. Binding assays showed that SpSR-B2 specifically interacted with WSSV envelope protein VP24. Besides, SpSR-B2 could bind to all tested bacterial cells and agglutinate these bacteria. SpSR-B2 also exhibited a strong binding activity to LPS but weak binding activities to other tested polysaccharides. These findings indicated that SpSR-B2 was a potential recognition molecule for viral protein VP24 and bacterial LPS. Knockdown of SpSR-B2 resulted in dramatically decreased expressions of certain antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and overexpression of SpSR-B2 led to the increased expression of the AMP of SpALF2, suggesting that SpSR-B2 could regulate the expression of AMPs. Taken together, this study revealed that SpSR-B2 functioned as a potential pattern recognition receptor participating in antiviral and antibacterial immunity, and provided new insights into the immune functions of invertebrate SR-Bs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Jun-Fang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Guang-Peng Feng
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Wen-Hong Fang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Ling-Bo Ma
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Xin-Cang Li
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China.
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Chen YC, Yang Y, Zhang C, Chen HY, Chen F, Wang KJ. A Novel Antimicrobial Peptide Sparamosin 26-54 From the Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain Showing Potent Antifungal Activity Against Cryptococcus neoformans. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:746006. [PMID: 34690992 PMCID: PMC8531530 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.746006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant fungi and the limitations of current treatment strategies to fungal infections, exploration and development of new antifungal drugs or substituents are necessary. In the study, a novel antimicrobial peptide, named Sparamosin, was identified in the mud crab Scylla paramamosain, which contains a signal peptide of 22 amino acids and a mature peptide of 54 amino acids. The antimicrobial activity of its synthetic mature peptide and two truncated peptides (Sparamosin1–25 and Sparamosin26–54) were determined. The results showed that Sparamosin26–54 had the strongest activity against a variety of Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, in particular had rapid fungicidal kinetics (killed 99% Cryptococcus neoformans within 10 min) and had potent anti-biofilm activity against C. neoformans, but had no cytotoxic effect on mammalian cells. The RNA-seq results showed that after Sparamosin26–54 treatment, the expression of genes involved in cell wall component biosynthesis, cell wall integrity signaling pathway, anti-oxidative stress, apoptosis and DNA repair were significantly up-regulated, indicating that Sparamosin26–54 might disrupt the cell wall of C. neoformans, causing oxidative stress, DNA damage and cell apoptosis. The underlying mechanism was further confirmed. Sparamosin26–54 could bind to several phospholipids in the cell membrane and effectively killed C. neoformans through disrupting the integrity of the cell wall and cell membrane observed by electron microscope and staining assay. In addition, it was found that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was disrupted, and DNA fragmentation was induced after Sparamosin26–54 treatment, which are all hallmarks of apoptosis. Taken together, Sparamosin26–54 has a good application prospect as an effective antimicrobial agent, especially for C. neoformans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui-Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Innovation Research Institute for Marine Biological Antimicrobial Peptide Industrial Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Innovation Research Institute for Marine Biological Antimicrobial Peptide Industrial Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ke-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Innovation Research Institute for Marine Biological Antimicrobial Peptide Industrial Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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6
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Sumon TA, Hussain MA, Hasan M, Rashid A, Abualreesh MH, Jang WJ, Sharifuzzaman SM, Brown CL, Lee EW, Hasan MT. Antiviral peptides from aquatic organisms: Functionality and potential inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2. AQUACULTURE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 541:736783. [PMID: 33883784 PMCID: PMC8049179 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Several antiviral peptides (AVPs) from aquatic organisms have been effective in interfering with the actions of infectious viruses, such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 and Herpes Simplex Virus-1 and 2. AVPs are able to block viral attachment or entry into host cells, inhibit internal fusion or replication events by suppressing viral gene transcription, and prevent viral infections by modulating host immunity. Therefore, as promising therapeutics, the potential of aquatic AVPs for use against the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is considered. At present no therapeutic drugs are yet available. A total of 32 AVPs derived from fish and shellfish species are discussed in this review paper with notes on their properties and mechanisms of action in the inhibition of viral diseases both in humans and animals, emphasizing on SARS-CoV-2. The molecular structure of novel SARS-CoV-2 with its entry mechanisms, clinical signs and symptoms are also discussed. In spite of only a few study of these AVPs against SARS-CoV-2, aquatic AVPs properties and infection pathways (entry, replication and particle release) into coronaviruses are linked in this paper to postulate an analysis of their potential but unconfirmed actions to impair SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tofael Ahmed Sumon
- Department of Fish Health Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraf Hussain
- Department of Fisheries Technology and Quality Control, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Industrial Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Aminur Rashid
- Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Muyassar Hamid Abualreesh
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Won Je Jang
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - S M Sharifuzzaman
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Christopher Lyon Brown
- FAO World Fisheries University Pilot Programme, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Tawheed Hasan
- Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
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Yin CM, Pan XY, Cao XT, Li T, Zhang YH, Lan JF. A crayfish ALF inhibits the proliferation of microbiota by binding to RPS4 and MscL of E. coli. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 121:104106. [PMID: 33878364 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), most of which are small proteins, are necessary for innate immunity against pathogens. Anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) with a conserved lipopolysaccharide binding domain (LBD) can bind to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and neutralize LPS activity. The antibacterial mechanism of ALF, especially its role in bacteria, needs to be further investigated. In this study, the antibacterial role of an anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (PcALF5) derived from Procambarus clarkii was analyzed. PcALF5 could inhibit the replication of the microbiota in vitro and enhance the bacterial clearance ability in crayfish in vivo. Far-western blot assay results indicated that PcALF5 bound to two proteins of E. coli (approximately 25 kDa and 15 kDa). Mass spectrometry (MS), far-western blot assay, and pull-down results showed that 30S ribosomal protein S4 (RPS4, 25 kD) interacted with PcALF5. Further studies revealed that another E. coli protein binding to PcALF5 could be the large mechanosensitive channel (MscL), which is reported to participate in the transport of peptides and antibiotics. Additional assays showed that PcALF5 inhibited protein synthesis and promoted the transcription of ribosomal component genes in E. coli. Overall, these results indicate that PcALF5 could transfer into E. coli by binding to MscL and inhibit protein synthesis by interacting with RPS4. This study reveals the mechanism underlying ALF involvement in the antibacterial immune response and provides a new reference for the research on antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ming Yin
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Pan
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Cao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Tong Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ying-Hao Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jiang-Feng Lan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
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8
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Tong J, Zhang Z, Wu Q, Huang Z, Malakar PK, Chen L, Liu H, Pan Y, Zhao Y. Antibacterial peptides from seafood: A promising weapon to combat bacterial hazards in food. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Anti-lipopolysaccharide Factor from Crucifix Crab Charybdis feriatus, Cf-ALF2: Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of the Recombinant Peptide. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 13:885-898. [PMID: 33179211 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antilipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) are important effectors of innate immunity in crustaceans with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. Present study deals with the molecular and functional characterization of a 98-amino acid ALF isoform from, crucifix crab, Charybdis feriatus termed as Cf-ALF2. The ALF isoform Cf-ALF2 exhibits characteristic features of an AMP including a cationic net charge of + 9 and a total hydrophobic ratio of 34%. Recombinant peptide rCf-ALF2 showed remarkable antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria especially against Staphylococcus aureus (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 5 µM) and Escherichia coli (MIC 10 µM and MBC 20 µM). Using scanning electron microscopy, bacterial membrane blebbing, disruption, and cell content leakage were observed in peptide treated E. coli. The recombinant peptide was found to be non-hemolytic and non-cytotoxic in NCI-H460 cell line at the highest tested concentration (20 µM). Thus, this study identified a novel isoform of ALF from C. feriatus and revealed the potent antimicrobial property of the recombinant peptide Cf-ALF2 and the future prospects of using the peptide for therapeutic applications in the future.
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Cheng CH, Ma HL, Deng YQ, Feng J, Jie YK, Guo ZX. Effects of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection on physiological response, histopathology and transcriptome changes in the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:197-204. [PMID: 32777460 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) is an important economic species in China. Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection have caused a great economic loss in mud crab farming. The mechanism involved in the immune responses of mud crab to V. parahaemolyticus is unclear. In this study, the physiological and immune response to V. parahaemolyticus infection were investigated in S. paramamosain. The results showed that V. parahaemolyticus infection decreased total hemocyte counts, led to cytological damage, and caused high mortality. Transcriptome analysis showed that 1327 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 809 up-regulated and 518 down-regulated ones, were obtained after V. parahaemolyticus challenge. These DEGs were mainly involved in the immune response and infectious disease. Additionally, transcriptome analysis revealed that Toll, immune deficiency (IMD), and prophenoloxidase signalling pathways played essential roles in antibacterial immunity against V. parahaemolyticus infection in mud crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - Hong-Ling Ma
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - Yi-Qin Deng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - Juan Feng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - Yu-Ken Jie
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China
| | - Zhi-Xun Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510300, PR China.
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Xie Y, Wan H, Zeng X, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of a new Spgly-AMP, glycine-rich antimicrobial peptide from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:384-392. [PMID: 32771609 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) is a crucial component of the innate immune system in crustaceans. In mud crab, Scylla paramamosain, a commercially important species, a glycine-rich antimicrobial peptide (Spgly-AMP) gene was newly identified and putatively encoded a 26aa signal peptide and 37aa mature peptide. To understand the function of Spgly-AMP, the expression profile of Spgly-amp gene was characterized, which showed Spgly-amp was expressed widely in most tissues of adult crabs with the highest expression level in hemocytes. After Vibrio parahaemolyticus, PGN, or Poly I:C stimulations, the expression level of Spgly-amp was significantly up-regulated in the hemocytes. In antimicrobial assays, chemically synthesized Spgly-AMP peptides exhibited strong antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and high thermal stability after high-temperature heating. These findings in the present study verified the importance of the Spgly-AMP in defense of pathogenic bacteria infection in the mud crab and provided a promising candidate of antimicrobial agents in the crab aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Xie
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Haifu Wan
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Xianyuan Zeng
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Yilei Wang
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
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Riccio G, Ruocco N, Mutalipassi M, Costantini M, Zupo V, Coppola D, de Pascale D, Lauritano C. Ten-Year Research Update Review: Antiviral Activities from Marine Organisms. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071007. [PMID: 32645994 PMCID: PMC7407529 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oceans cover more than 70 percent of the surface of our planet and are characterized by huge taxonomic and chemical diversity of marine organisms. Several studies have shown that marine organisms produce a variety of compounds, derived from primary or secondary metabolism, which may have antiviral activities. In particular, certain marine metabolites are active towards a plethora of viruses. Multiple mechanisms of action have been found, as well as different targets. This review gives an overview of the marine-derived compounds discovered in the last 10 years. Even if marine organisms produce a wide variety of different compounds, there is only one compound available on the market, Ara-A, and only another one is in phase I clinical trials, named Griffithsin. The recent pandemic emergency caused by SARS-CoV-2, also known as COVID-19, highlights the need to further invest in this field, in order to shed light on marine compound potentiality and discover new drugs from the sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Riccio
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Nadia Ruocco
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Mirko Mutalipassi
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Maria Costantini
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Daniela Coppola
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Donatella de Pascale
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP, 80121 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (N.R.); (M.M.); (M.C.); (V.Z.); (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-5833-221
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13
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Tran NT, Kong T, Zhang M, Li S. Pattern recognition receptors and their roles on the innate immune system of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:103469. [PMID: 31430487 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of defense protecting the hosts against invading pathogens. Mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) is widely distributed in China and Indo-west Pacific countries, which develops a very complicated innate immune system against pathogen invasions. Innate immunity involves the humoral and cellular responses that are linked to the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs initially recognize the infection and trigger the activation of signaling cascades, leading to transcriptional regulation of inflammatory mediators that function in pathogenic control and clearance. In mud crab S. paramamosain, the Toll/Toll-like receptors, lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan binding proteins, C-type lectins, scavenger receptors, and down syndrome cell adhesion molecules have been identified as receptor families responsible for the recognition of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and are important components in the innate immune system. In this review, we summarize the literature on the current knowledge and the roles of PRRs in the immune defenses of mud crab, which in an effort to provide much information for further researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Tongtong Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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14
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Abstract
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) are a type of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) which show broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi and viruses. In this chapter, we review the discovery and classification of this kind of antimicrobial peptide in crustaceans. The structure and function, as well as the mechanism of antibacterial and antiviral activities of ALFs will be summarized and discussed. We will then describe the expression and regulation of various ALF genes in different crustacean species. Finally, the application prospects of ALFs in drug development and disease-resistant genetic breeding will be pointed out and discussed. The review will also discuss several key questions such as the systematic classification and expression regulation of the ALF genes, as well as the future application of ALFs and ALF-derived peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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15
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Chen F, Wang K. Characterization of the innate immunity in the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:436-448. [PMID: 31362092 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mud crabs, Scylla paramamosain, are one of the most economical and nutritious crab species in China and South Asia. Inconsistent with the high development of commercial mud crab aquaculture, effective immunological methods to prevent frequently-occurring diseases have not yet been developed. Thus, high mortalities often occur throughout the different developmental stages of this species resulting in large economic losses. In recent years, numerous attempts have been made to use various advanced biological technologies to understand the innate immunity of S. paramamosain as well as to characterize specific immune components. This review summarizes these research advances regarding cellular and humoral responses of the mud crab during pathogen infection, highlighting hemocytes and gills defense, pattern recognition, immune-related signaling pathways (Toll, IMD, JAK/STAT, and prophenoloxidase (proPO) cascades), immune effectors (antimicrobial peptides), production of reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant system. Diseases affecting the development of mud crab aquaculture and potential disease control strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kejian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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16
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Ren X, Zhang Y, Liu P, Li J. Comparative proteomic investigation of Marsupenaeus japonicus hepatopancreas challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot syndrome virus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:851-862. [PMID: 31430561 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to use isobaric tags (IBTs) to investigate the immune response of the hepatopancreas of Marsupenaeus japonicas infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus or white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and protein sequencing identified 1005 proteins. Among them, 109 proteins were upregulated and 94 were downregulated after V. parahaemolyticus infection. After WSSV infection, 130 proteins were identified as differentially abundant, including 88 that were upregulated and 42 were downregulated. Fifty-four proteins were identified as differentially abundant after both V. parahaemolyticus and WSSV infection. A number of proteins related to cytoskeletal processes, including actin and myosin, and apoptosis-related proteins were upregulated in shrimp after V. parahaemolyticus and WSSV infection, indicating that phagocytosis and apoptosis may be involved in the response to in V. parahaemolyticus or WSSV infection. Quantitative real-time PCR was carried out to verify the reliability of the proteomic data. These data provide a basis to characterize the immunity-related processes of shrimp in response to infection with WSSV or V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyun Ren
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Yunbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China.
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17
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Liu M, Liu L, Abbas MN, Kausar S, Zhang JW, Ye ZZ, Qian XY, Zhao XM, Chu SH, Dai LS. Involvement of gamma interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase in the innate immune responses of red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 99:103405. [PMID: 31145913 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Gamma interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a key biological role in the immune responses and involves in the processing of class II MHC-restricted antigen by stimulating disulfide bond reduction in mammals. To determine the biological function of GILT in the innate immune system of crustaceans, we sequenced and cloned GILT gene from red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Pc-GILT). The deduced amino acid sequence of Pc-GILT contained the putative conserved structures of the GILT family proteins: the GILT signature (CQHGX2ECX2NX4C) sequence and the active site (CXXS) motif. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis suggested that a recombinant Pc-GILT protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that Pc-GILT transcript level was highest in the hepatopancreas followed by the gut, heart and muscles. Additionally, we analyzed the transcription level of Pc-GILT gene in hepatopancreas of red swamp crayfish under biotic stress conditions. The expression of Pc-GILT gene upregulated after viral (poly I:C) and bacterial (peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide) infection. The suppression of Pc-GILT by double stranded RNA influenced the transcript levels of various immune-related genes. These observations indicate that the Pc-GILT probably plays a key biological role in the innate immune responses of red swamp crayfish, since it modulates the expression of genes associated with immune pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Kausar
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jun-Wei Zhang
- Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Supervision and Management Bureau, Xuancheng, 242000, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ze Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Xing-Yi Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhao
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China.
| | - Sheng-Hui Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China.
| | - Li-Shang Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China.
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18
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Zhu JJ, Ye ZZ, Li CS, Kausar S, Abbas MN, Xiang GH, Qian XY, Dai LS. Identification and molecular characterization of a novel anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) from red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:43-50. [PMID: 30928368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors are a group of small proteins with broad spectrum antiviral property and antibacterial activity. Herein, we obtained the genomic sequence of the Procambarus clarkii anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (PcALF) gene by using polymerase chain reaction to investigate its expression pattern in various tissues and in the immune tissues (Hepatopancreas) following exposure to pathogens. The deduced protein of PcALF was conserved; it displayed the signal peptides and putative lipo-polysaccharide binding domain, particularly the two conserved cysteine amino acid residues at both ends of the domain. The recombinant protein of PcALF was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and rabbit anti-PcALF polyclonal antibodies were prepared. The qRT-PCR analysis showed unequal distribution of PcALF transcript in the examined tissues, however the transcript level was greatest in hepatopancreas. The challenge with peptidoglycan (PGN), lipo-polysaccharide (LPS) and Poly I:C significantly enhanced expression level of PcALF in hepatopancreas when compared with the PBS control. RNA interference of PcALF affected the mRNA expression levels of immune-related genes. Taken together, our data suggested that PcALF is an inducible protein and could play a key biological role in the innate immune defense of P. clarkii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ze Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Chang-Sheng Li
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Saima Kausar
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Guang-Heng Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Xing-Yi Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Li-Shang Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China.
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19
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Hui K, Ren Q, Cao J. Insights into the intestine immune of Marsupenaeus japonicus under the white spot syndrome virus challenge using RNA sequencing. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 208:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Chen Y, Aweya JJ, Sun W, Wei X, Gong Y, Ma H, Zhang Y, Wen X, Li S. SpToll1 and SpToll2 modulate the expression of antimicrobial peptides in Scylla paramamosain. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 87:124-136. [PMID: 29935285 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tolls and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were the first pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) identified to play key roles in host innate immunity. However, relatively little is known about other types of Toll-like receptors in Scylla paramamosain, although a Toll-like receptor (SpToll1) has recently been cloned. In this study, we cloned and characterized another novel Toll-like receptor 2 (SpToll2) from S. paramamosain. The full-length cDNA of SpToll2 is 3391 bp with a 2646 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative protein of 881 amino acids, and predicted to contain six extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SpToll2 clustered with Drosophila Toll1, and shared high homology with PtToll4. Real-time qPCR analysis showed that SpToll2 was widely expressed in all tissues tested, with the highest level found in hemocytes and hepatopancreas while the lowest in heart and muscle. The transcript levels of both SpToll1 and SpToll2 in mud crabs hemocytes was induced following challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). In addition, recombinant SpToll1-LRR and SpToll2-LRR proteins could bind to V. parahaemolyticus, S. aureus, Escherichia coli, and Beta Streptococcus. In order to study the signaling pathway of AMPs' expression in mud crab, RNA interference were used to test the expression of SpAMPs after the challenges with V. parahaemolyticus or S. aureus. The data suggested that SpToll1and SpToll2 could regulate the transcripts of several AMPs and four immune related mediators (SpMyD88, SpTube, SpPelle and SpTRAF6) at different scale. While silencing of SpToll1 post pathogens challenge attenuated the expression of SpHistin, SpALF1 and SpALF5 in mud crab's hemocytes, depletion of SpToll2 post pathogens challenge inhibited the expression of SpALF1-6, SpGRP, SpArasin and SpHyastastin. Furthermore, the results of overexpression assay also showed SpToll1 and SpToll2 could enhance the promoter activities of SpALFs in mud crab. Taken together, these results indicated that SpToll1 and SpToll2 might play important roles in host defense against pathogen invasions in S. paramamosain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Wanwei Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xiaobo Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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21
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Zhou YL, Wang LZ, Gu WB, Wang C, Zhu QH, Liu ZP, Chen YY, Shu MA. Identification and functional analysis of immune deficiency (IMD) from Scylla paramamosain: The first evidence of IMD signaling pathway involved in immune defense against bacterial infection in crab species. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 81:150-160. [PMID: 30017928 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Immune deficiency (IMD) pathway, one of the most essential pattern recognition receptor signaling pathways, plays vital roles in innate immune responses to eliminate pathogen infection in invertebrates. In the present study, an immune deficiency (IMD) gene and two NF-κB family members, Relish and Dorsal, were identified and characterized in mud crab Scylla paramamosain for the first time. The deduced SpIMD, SpRelish and SpDorsal protein contained conserved death domain and classical NF-κB domains, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that SpIMD was classified into the invertebrate IMD branch, and SpRelish could be classified into the type I NF-κB class while SpDorsal could be grouped into the type II NF-κB class. Tissue distribution results showed these three genes were ubiquitously expressed in all tested tissues. The expression patterns of IMD signaling pathway and NF-κB genes, including SpIMD, SpIKKβ, SpIKKε, SpRelish and SpDorsal, were distinct when crabs were stimulated with Vibro alginolyticus, indicating that they might be involved in responding to bacterial infection. When SpIMD was silenced by in vivo RNA interference assay, the expression levels of IMD pathway and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) genes, including SpIKKβ, SpRelish, SpALF1-6 and SpCrustin, were significantly down-regulated (p < 0.05). Correspondingly, the bacteria clearance ability of hemolymph was extremely impaired in IMD silenced crabs. Overall, the IMD played vital roles in innate immune response by regulating the expressions of its down-stream signaling genes and AMPs in S. paramamosain. These findings might pave the way for a better understanding of innate immune system and establish a fundamental network for the IMD signaling pathway in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lian Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lan-Zhi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wen-Bin Gu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qi-Hui Zhu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ze-Peng Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu-Yin Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Miao-An Shu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Wang Y, Zhang XW, Wang H, Fang WH, Ma H, Zhang F, Wang Y, Li XC. SpCrus3 and SpCrus4 share high similarity in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) exhibiting different antibacterial activities. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:139-151. [PMID: 29352984 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Type I crustins are crucial effectors of crustacean immune system. Various type I crustins with high sequence diversity possess different antimicrobial activities. To date, the mechanism on how the sequence diversity of type I crustins affects their antimicrobial activities is largely unclear, and how different crustins function together against bacterial invasion still remains unknown. In this study, we identified two novel type I crustins, namely, SpCrus3 and SpCrus4, from an economically important crab, Scylla paramamosain. Either SpCrus3 or SpCrus4 was highly expressed in gill. After challenges with Vibrio parahemolyticus or Staphylococcus aureus, SpCrus4 was up-regulated, whereas SpCrus3 was down-regulated. No significant expression change of SpCrus3 and SpCrus4 was observed after white spot syndrome virus injection, suggesting that these two genes may not participate in the antiviral immune responses. SpCrus3 and SpCrus4 had the common 5' terminus and high similarity of 66.06%, but SpCrus4 exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity than that of SpCrus3. Microorganism-binding assay results revealed that both SpCrus3 and SpCrus4 exhibited binding ability to all tested microorganisms. Furthermore, the polysaccharide-binding assay showed that these two proteins exhibited strong binding activity to bacterial polysaccharides, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and peptidoglycan (PGN). SpCrus3 and SpCrus4 exhibited stronger binding activity to LPS or LTA than to PGN. Moreover, SpCrus4 showed stronger binding activity to LTA than that of SpCrus3, which may be responsible for the significantly distinct antimicrobial activity between these two proteins. In addition, SpCrus4 displayed stronger agglutination activity against several kinds of microorganisms than that of SpCrus3. This increased agglutination activity may also contribute to the strong antibacterial activity of SpCrus4. On the basis of all these results, a possible antibacterial mode exerted by SpCrus3 and SpCrus4 was proposed as follows. SpCrus3 was highly expressed in normal crabs to maintain low-level antibacterial activity without bacterial challenges. When crabs were challenged with bacteria, large amount of SpCrus4 was generated to exhibit strong antibacterial activity against bacterial invasion. This study provides new insights to understand the antibacterial functions and mechanisms of type I crustins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200090, China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Hui Wang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Wen-Hong Fang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Arts and Sciences, New York University, Shanghai, 200122, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Xin-Cang Li
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200090, China.
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Hou ZG, Wang Y, Hui K, Fang WH, Zhao S, Zhang JX, Ma H, Li XC. A novel anti-lipopolysaccharide factor SpALF6 in mud crab Scylla paramamosain exhibiting different antimicrobial activity from its single amino acid mutant. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 72:44-56. [PMID: 28232132 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In crustaceans, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) are important immune effectors that have sequence diversity and exhibit broad antimicrobial activities. In this study, we characterized a novel ALF homolog SpALF6 from mud crab Scylla paramamosain and its variant SpALF6-V, which was generated by mutations of two amino acids (H46 to R and A110 to P) due to the presence of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SpALF6 was an anionic peptide with isoelectric point (pI) 6.79, whereas SpALF6-V was a cationic protein with pI 7.98. These two proteins shared a common lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding domain (LBD) with pI 6.05. SpALF6 was expressed mainly in hemocytes and up-regulated by Vibrio parahaemolyticus or Staphylococcus aureus challenge, indicating that SpALF6 may participate in the antibacterial immune responses. To investigate the likely functional differences between SpALF6 and SpALF6-V and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, a single amino acid mutant SpALF6-M (from H46 to R, outside but very close to LBD), which had the same pI as SpALF6-V, was harvested by a fusion PCR. Then, both SpALF6 and SpALF6-M were overexpressed and purified to test antimicrobial activity and binding activity to microbial cells or polysaccharides. SpALF6-M exhibited more potent antimicrobial and cell-binding activity on Gram-positive bacteria and fungi than SpALF6. Furthermore, SpALF6-M possessed stronger lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-binding activity than SpALF6, demonstrating that this particular positively charged amino acid outside but close to LBD contributed to the increase in SpALF6-M antibacterial activity. In addition, SpALF6 LBD peptide and its biotin-labeled form were synthesized in this study. Results showed that this anionic LBD peptide itself did not exhibit any significant antimicrobial activity against 10 kinds of microorganisms but it possessed strong binding activity to LPS, LTA, and peptidoglycan. These findings suggested that this anionic LBD was still an important active center and required collaboration with some particular positively charged amino acids outside LBD to exhibit antibacterial activity. Thus, SpALF6-M antimicrobial activity was increased by the mutation of H46 to R instead of A110 to P, which did not change the protein charge, suggesting that SpALF6-V may have more potent antimicrobial activity than SpALF6 and play more important roles in antibacterial immunity. This study provided a new insight into the mechanisms of how ALF amino acid sequence diversity resulted in their functional divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Guo Hou
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China; School of Aquaculture and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Kaimin Hui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Wen-Hong Fang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Shu Zhao
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Jing-Xiao Zhang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063 China.
| | - Xin-Cang Li
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China.
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24
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Shan ZG, Zhu KX, Chen FY, Liu J, Chen B, Qiao K, Peng H, Wang KJ. In vivo activity and the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of the antimicrobial peptide SpHyastatin in Scylla paramamosain. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 59:155-165. [PMID: 27751917 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new gene homologous to the reported antimicrobial peptide (AMP) hyastatin from Hyas araneus was screened in the SSH library constructed from the hemocytes of Scylla paramamosain, and named SpHyastatin. In vivo study showed that SpHyastatin was predominantly expressed in hemocytes of S. paramamosain. With the challenge of either Vibrio parahaemolyticus or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), SpHyastatin showed a positive response, meaning that it was probably involved in the immune reaction against bacterial infection in vivo. A distinctive feature of SpHyastatin in comparison with six other known AMPs tested was that SpHyastatin could maintain a higher transcription level from megalopas to the adult crab, indicating a potential consistent resistance against pathogens conferred by this peptide existing in the blood circulation of crabs. RNA interference assay was performed to inhibit SpHyastatin transcription in vivo and the result demonstrated that silencing SpHyastatin mRNA transcripts could decrease the survival rate of crabs challenged with V. parahaemolyticus. To further understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate SpHyastatin expression, a 576 bp 5'-flanking sequence of SpHyastatin was obtained using genome walking. Here, we focused our experiments on investigating the roles of the putative NF-κB binding site in LPS-mediated transcriptional regulation of the SpHyastatin gene using endothelial progenitor cells and Hela cells. Luciferase reporter analyses demonstrated that the putative NF-κB element acted as a positive regulatory element and was essential for the induction of SpHyastatin promoter by LPS. These results should shed light on the in vivo functional property and the molecular mechanism of regulation for the crab AMP SpHyastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Guo Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China
| | - Ke-Xin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China
| | - Fang-Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China; State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China
| | - Bei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China
| | - Kun Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China
| | - Hui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China; State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China
| | - Ke-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China; State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, PR China.
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25
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Lin FY, Gao Y, Wang H, Zhang QX, Zeng CL, Liu HP. Identification of an anti-lipopolysacchride factor possessing both antiviral and antibacterial activity from the red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 57:213-221. [PMID: 27544268 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that anti-lipopolysacchride factors (ALFs) are involved in the recognition and elimination of invading pathogens. In this study, the full-length ALF cDNA sequence of the red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (termed CqALF) was cloned from a suppression subtractive hybridization library constructed using red claw crayfish hematopoietic tissue cell (Hpt cell) cultures following challenge with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). The full-length cDNA sequence of CqALF was 863 bp, and the open reading frame encoded 123 amino acids with a signal peptide in the N-terminus and a conserved LPS-binding domain. Unlike most ALFs, which are highly expressed in haemocytes, high expression levels of CqALF were detected in epithelium, the stomach and eyestalks, while lower expression was detected in Hpt, nerves, the heart, muscle tissue, gonads, haemocytes, intestines, gills and the hepatopancreas. To further explore the biological activities of CqALF, mature recombinant CqALF protein (rCqALF) was expressed and purified using a eukaryotic expression system, and an antimicrobial activity test was carried out. rCqALF clearly exerted antiviral activity, as evidenced by the severe disruption of the envelope of intact WSSV virions following co-incubation of virions with rCqALF. Additionally, pre-incubation of WSSV with rCqALF resulted in both a significant reduction in WSSV replication in red claw crayfish Hpt cell cultures and an increased survival rate among animals. Furthermore, rCqALF was effective against both Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria, particularly Shigella flexneri and Staphylococcus aureus. A membrane integrity assay suggested that rCqALF was unlikely to disrupt bacterial membrane integrity compared to cecropin P1. Taken together, these data suggest that CqALF may play an important role in immune defence in the crustacean C. quadricarinatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Qiu-Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Chang-Lin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Hai-Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources (Xiamen University), State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China.
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26
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Sruthy KS, Chaithanya ER, Sathyan N, Nair A, Antony SP, Singh ISB, Philip R. Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Novel Isoform of Anti-lipopolysaccharide Factor from the Mantis Shrimp, Miyakea nepa. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 7:275-83. [PMID: 26187684 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-015-9198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) is a cationic anti-microbial peptide representing humoral defence system exhibiting a diverse spectrum of activity against microbial pathogens, including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel ALF homologue (MnALF) encoding cDNA sequence from the haemocytes of stomatopod mantis shrimp Miyakea nepa. The deduced peptide of MnALF encoded for a 123-amino acid peptide with a 25-residue signal peptide containing selenocysteine followed by a highly cationic mature peptide comprised of a putative LPS-binding domain flanked by two cysteine residues. BLAST analysis of MnALF showed that it exhibits identity to crustacean and limulid ALFs. The mature peptide of MnALF has a net charge of +7 and predicted molecular weight of 10.998 kDa with a theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 9.93. Spatial structure of MnALF comprises three α-helices packed against a four-stranded β-sheet of which two were linked by a disulphide bond to form an amphipathic loop similar to the structure of Penaeus monodon, ALF-Pm3. All these features suggest that MnALF could play an imperative role in the innate defence mechanism of M. nepa. To our knowledge, this study accounts for the first report of an anti-microbial peptide from the order stomatopoda.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Sruthy
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682 016, Kerala, India
| | - E R Chaithanya
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682 016, Kerala, India
| | - Naveen Sathyan
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682 016, Kerala, India
| | - Aishwarya Nair
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682 016, Kerala, India
| | - Swapna P Antony
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 682 016, Kerala, India
| | - I S Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 682 016, Kerala, India
| | - Rosamma Philip
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682 016, Kerala, India.
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27
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Antibacterial products of marine organisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:4145-73. [PMID: 25874533 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6553-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Marine organisms comprising microbes, plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates elaborate an impressive array of structurally diverse antimicrobial products ranging from small cyclic compounds to macromolecules such as proteins. Some of these biomolecules originate directly from marine animals while others arise from microbes associated with the animals. It is noteworthy that some of the biomolecules referred to above are structurally unique while others belong to known classes of compounds, peptides, and proteins. Some of the antibacterial agents are more active against Gram-positive bacteria while others have higher effectiveness on Gram-negative bacteria. Some are efficacious against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and against drug-resistant strains as well. The mechanism of antibacterial action of a large number of the chemically identified antibacterial agents, possible synergism with currently used antibiotics, and the issue of possible toxicity on mammalian cells and tissues await elucidation. The structural characteristics pivotal to antibacterial activity have been ascertained in only a few studies. Demonstration of efficacy of the antibacterial agents in animal models of bacterial infection is highly desirable. Structural characterization of the active principles present in aqueous and organic extracts of marine organisms with reportedly antibacterial activity would be desirable.
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28
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Tassanakajon A, Somboonwiwat K, Amparyup P. Sequence diversity and evolution of antimicrobial peptides in invertebrates. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 48:324-341. [PMID: 24950415 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are evolutionarily ancient molecules that act as the key components in the invertebrate innate immunity against invading pathogens. Several AMPs have been identified and characterized in invertebrates, and found to display considerable diversity in their amino acid sequence, structure and biological activity. AMP genes appear to have rapidly evolved, which might have arisen from the co-evolutionary arms race between host and pathogens, and enabled organisms to survive in different microbial environments. Here, the sequence diversity of invertebrate AMPs (defensins, cecropins, crustins and anti-lipopolysaccharide factors) are presented to provide a better understanding of the evolution pattern of these peptides that play a major role in host defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Kunlaya Somboonwiwat
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Piti Amparyup
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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29
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Sun W, Wan W, Zhu S, Wang S, Wang S, Wen X, Zheng H, Zhang Y, Li S. Characterization of a novel anti-lipopolysaccharide factor isoform (SpALF5) in mud crab, Scylla paramamosain. Mol Immunol 2014; 64:262-75. [PMID: 25553523 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs), the potential antimicrobial peptides that bind and neutralize lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are common effectors of innate immunity in crustaceans. In this study, a novel isoform of ALFs (SpALF5) was isolated from the hemocytes of mud crab Scylla paramamosain. The full-length 975bp SpALF5 contains a 375bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 125 amino acids. Although SpALF5 exhibits a low degree of nucleotide homology with other reported ALFs, it contains the conserved amino acid sequence with a signal peptide and a LPS-binding domain including two conservative cysteine residues. The genomic organization of SpALF5 consists of four exons and three introns, with each intron containing one or more tandem repeats. Unlike most of ALFs mainly distributed in crab hemocytes, SpALF5 transcript was predominantly observed in the brain, muscle and skin, while barely detected in the hemocytes in our study. In situ hybridization assay also showed that SpALF5 mRNA was localized in brain, muscle and skin tissues of mud crab. Further, SpALF5 transcript was significantly up-regulated after challenge with LPS, polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C) (with the except of that in brain), Vibrio parahemolyticus or white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). The recombinant SpALF5 protein showed a varying degree of binding activity towards bacteria and fungus. Moreover, in vitro, the recombinant SpALF5 revealed a strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (V. parahemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila) and fungus (Sacchromyces cerevisiae), but could only inhibited the growth of some Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus. The results suggest that SpALF5 is a potent immune protector and plays an important role in immune defense against invading pathogens in S. paramamosain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwei Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Weisong Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shuo Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xiaobo Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Huaiping Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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30
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The role of biophysical parameters in the antilipopolysaccharide activities of antimicrobial peptides from marine fish. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:1471-94. [PMID: 24633250 PMCID: PMC3967222 DOI: 10.3390/md12031471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from marine fish have been identified, isolated and characterized. These peptides act as host defense molecules that exert antimicrobial effects by targeting the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria. The LPS-AMP interactions are driven by the biophysical properties of AMPs. In this review, therefore, we will focus on the physiochemical properties of AMPs; that is, the contributions made by their sequences, net charge, hydrophobicity and amphipathicity to their mechanism of action. Moreover, the interactions between LPS and fish AMPs and the structure of fish AMPs with LPS bound will also be discussed. A better understanding of the biophysical properties will be useful in the design of AMPs effective against septic shock and multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, including those that commonly produce wound infections.
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Arockiaraj J, Kumaresan V, Bhatt P, Palanisamy R, Gnanam AJ, Pasupuleti M, Kasi M, Chaurasia MK. A novel single-domain peptide, anti-LPS factor from prawn: synthesis of peptide, antimicrobial properties and complete molecular characterization. Peptides 2014; 53:79-88. [PMID: 24269604 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we reported a complete molecular characterization including bioinformatics features, gene expression, peptide synthesis and its antimicrobial activities of an anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) factor (ALF) cDNA identified from the established cDNA library of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (named as MrALF). The mature protein has an estimated molecular weight of 11.240 kDa with an isoelectric point of 9.46. The bioinformatics analysis showed that the MrALF contains an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) region between T54 and P77 with two conserved cysteine residues (Cys55 and Cys76) which have an anti-parallel β-sheet confirmation. The β-sheet is predicted as cationic with hydrophobic nature containing a net charge of +5. The depicted AMP region is determined to be amphipathic with a predicted hydrophobic face 'FPVFI'. A highest MrALF gene expression was observed in hemocytes and is up-regulated with virus [white spot syndrome baculovirus (WSBV)], bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila) and Escherichia coli LPS at various time points. The LPS binding region of MrALF peptide was synthesized to study the antimicrobial property, bactericidal efficiency and hemolytic capacity. The peptide showed antimicrobial activity against both the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The bactericidal assay showed that the peptide recognized the LPS of bacterial cell walls and binding on its substrate and thereby efficiently distinguishing the pathogens. The hemolytic activity of MrALF peptide is functioning in a concentration dependant manner. In summary, the comprehensive analysis of MrALF showed it to be an effective antimicrobial peptide and thus it plays a crucial role in the defense mechanism of M. rosenbergii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesu Arockiaraj
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Venkatesh Kumaresan
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prasanth Bhatt
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajesh Palanisamy
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Annie J Gnanam
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Lab PCN 206, Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Marimuthu Kasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong, Kedah 08100, Malaysia
| | - Mukesh Kumar Chaurasia
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Cheung RCF, Wong JH, Pan WL, Chan YS, Yin CM, Dan XL, Wang HX, Fang EF, Lam SK, Ngai PHK, Xia LX, Liu F, Ye XY, Zhang GQ, Liu QH, Sha O, Lin P, Ki C, Bekhit AA, Bekhit AED, Wan DCC, Ye XJ, Xia J, Ng TB. Antifungal and antiviral products of marine organisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:3475-94. [PMID: 24562325 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Marine organisms including bacteria, fungi, algae, sponges, echinoderms, mollusks, and cephalochordates produce a variety of products with antifungal activity including bacterial chitinases, lipopeptides, and lactones; fungal (-)-sclerotiorin and peptaibols, purpurides B and C, berkedrimane B and purpuride; algal gambieric acids A and B, phlorotannins; 3,5-dibromo-2-(3,5-dibromo-2-methoxyphenoxy)phenol, spongistatin 1, eurysterols A and B, nortetillapyrone, bromotyrosine alkaloids, bis-indole alkaloid, ageloxime B and (-)-ageloxime D, haliscosamine, hamigeran G, hippolachnin A from sponges; echinoderm triterpene glycosides and alkene sulfates; molluscan kahalalide F and a 1485-Da peptide with a sequence SRSELIVHQR; and cepalochordate chitotriosidase and a 5026.9-Da antifungal peptide. The antiviral compounds from marine organisms include bacterial polysaccharide and furan-2-yl acetate; fungal macrolide, purpurester A, purpurquinone B, isoindolone derivatives, alterporriol Q, tetrahydroaltersolanol C and asperterrestide A, algal diterpenes, xylogalactofucan, alginic acid, glycolipid sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, sulfated polysaccharide p-KG03, meroditerpenoids, methyl ester derivative of vatomaric acid, lectins, polysaccharides, tannins, cnidarian zoanthoxanthin alkaloids, norditerpenoid and capilloquinol; crustacean antilipopolysaccharide factors, molluscan hemocyanin; echinoderm triterpenoid glycosides; tunicate didemnin B, tamandarins A and B and; tilapia hepcidin 1-5 (TH 1-5), seabream SauMx1, SauMx2, and SauMx3, and orange-spotted grouper β-defensin. Although the mechanisms of antifungal and antiviral activities of only some of the aforementioned compounds have been elucidated, the possibility to use those known to have distinctly different mechanisms, good bioavailability, and minimal toxicity in combination therapy remains to be investigated. It is also worthwhile to test the marine antimicrobials for possible synergism with existing drugs. The prospects of employing them in clinical practice are promising in view of the wealth of these compounds from marine organisms. The compounds may also be used in agriculture and the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Chi Fai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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33
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Zhu L, Lan JF, Huang YQ, Zhang C, Zhou JF, Fang WH, Yao XJ, Wang H, Li XC. SpALF4: a newly identified anti-lipopolysaccharide factor from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 36:172-180. [PMID: 24239582 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) are antimicrobial peptides with binding and neutralizing activities to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in crustaceans. This study identified and characterized a novel ALF homolog (SpALF4) from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. The complete cDNA of SpALF4 had 756 bp with a 381 bp open reading frame encoding a protein with 126 aa. The deduced protein contained a signal peptide and a LPS-binding domain. SpALF4 shared the highest identity with PtALF5 at amino acid level but exhibited low similarity with most of other crustacean ALFs. Furthermore, different from the previously identified three SpALF homologs and most of other ALFs, SpALF4 had a low isoelectric point (pI) for the mature peptide and the LPS-binding domain with the values of 6.93 and 6.74, respectively. These results indicate that SpALF4 may be a unique ALF homolog with special biological function in the mud crab. Similar to the spatial structure of ALFPm3, SpALF4 contains three α-helices packed against a four-strand β-sheet, and an amphipathic loop formed by a disulphide bond between two conserved cysteine residues in LPS-binding domain. SpALF4, mainly distributed in hemocytes, could be upregulated by Vibrio harveyi, Staphylococcus aureus, or white spot syndrome virus. Recombinant SpALF4 could inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria (V. harveyi, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio alginolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas putida), Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and Bacillus megaterium), and a fungus Candida albicans to varying degrees. Further study showed that it could also bind to all the aforementioned microorganisms except S. aureus. These results demonstrate that SpALF4 is a unique ALF homolog with potent antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. This characteristic suggests SpALF4 plays an essential function in immune defense against pathogen invasion in mud crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Jiang-Feng Lan
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yan-Qing Huang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jun-Fang Zhou
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Wen-Hong Fang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China.
| | - Xiao-Juan Yao
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Hao Wang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xin-Cang Li
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China.
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Zhang F, Jiang K, Sun M, Zhang D, Ma L. Multiplex immune-related genes expression analysis response to bacterial challenge in mud crab, Scylla paramamosain. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:712-716. [PMID: 23231853 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Crabs lack an acquired adaptive immune system and host defense is believed to depend entirely on innate, non-adaptive mechanisms to resist invasion by pathogens. Discovery of immune-related factors are helpful for understanding the molecular response of crabs to pathogens. The mud crab Scylla paramamosain is an important marine species for aquaculture in China because of its high nutritional value for humans. In recent years, the crab is prone to being infected by microbes with the enlargement of breeding scale. In this study, eight immune-related genes were analyzed by multiplex genes expression analysis using the GenomeLab GeXP analysis system (Beckman Coulter). The expression levels of all the detected genes rose after challenged by the live bacteria, but the levels of only four genes (C-type lectin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, HSP70 and thioredoxin 1) increased after challenge in heat-killed bacteria group. So the live bacteria were more effective in motivating expressions of immune factors than heat-killed bacteria. However, the transcript of C-type lectin firstly increased at 1 h after challenge in both heat-killed and live bacteria group. This indicated that C-type lectin was a quite susceptive immune factor responding to external pathogen. In group challenged by live bacteria, the genes of alpha 2-macroglobulin, HSP40, thioredoxin 1 and prophenoloxidase activating factor (PPAF) showed response earlier than the other genes. The rise of PPAF expression preceded prophenoloxidase (proPO), which suggested that PPAF might trigger production of proPO transcripts in the early stage of phenoloxidase reaction system. C-type lectin, proPO, thioredoxin 1, HSP40, and alpha 2-macroglobulin are very important immunity factors in response to bacterial infection. According to the result of heat-killed group, HSP70 is a sensitively inductive factor to foreign stimulus compared with the other genes. The multi-gene analysis presented an alternative approach for screening of immune-related genes, and provided a more global overview of genes transcript alteration in response to bacterial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries Resources and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
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