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Wang H, He K, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Cao L, Li J, Zhong Z, Chen H, Zhou L, Lian C, Wang M, Chen K, Qian PY, Li C. Deciphering deep-sea chemosynthetic symbiosis by single-nucleus RNA-sequencing. eLife 2024; 12:RP88294. [PMID: 39102287 PMCID: PMC11299980 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Bathymodioline mussels dominate deep-sea methane seep and hydrothermal vent habitats and obtain nutrients and energy primarily through chemosynthetic endosymbiotic bacteria in the bacteriocytes of their gill. However, the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate mussel host-symbiont interactions remain unclear. Here, we constructed a comprehensive cell atlas of the gill in the mussel Gigantidas platifrons from the South China Sea methane seeps (1100 m depth) using single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) and whole-mount in situ hybridisation. We identified 13 types of cells, including three previously unknown ones, and uncovered unknown tissue heterogeneity. Every cell type has a designated function in supporting the gill's structure and function, creating an optimal environment for chemosynthesis, and effectively acquiring nutrients from the endosymbiotic bacteria. Analysis of snRNA-seq of in situ transplanted mussels clearly showed the shifts in cell state in response to environmental oscillations. Our findings provide insight into the principles of host-symbiont interaction and the bivalves' environmental adaption mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Center of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Laoshan LaboratoryQingdaoChina
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)GuangzhouChina
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina
| | - Kai He
- Key Laboratory of Conservation and Application in Biodiversity of South China, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huan Zhang
- Center of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Quanyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingJapan
| | - Lei Cao
- Center of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Jing Li
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhaoshan Zhong
- Center of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Hao Chen
- Center of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Chao Lian
- Center of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Minxiao Wang
- Center of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingJapan
| | - Pei-Yuan Qian
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)GuangzhouChina
- Department of Ocean Science, Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina
| | - Chaolun Li
- Center of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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2
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He Y, Zhou L, Wang M, Zhong Z, Chen H, Lian C, Zhang H, Wang H, Cao L, Li C. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches reveal molecular response and potential biomarkers of the deep-sea mussel Gigantidas platifrons to copper exposure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134612. [PMID: 38761766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Metal pollution caused by deep-sea mining activities has potential detrimental effects on deep-sea ecosystems. However, our knowledge of how deep-sea organisms respond to this pollution is limited, given the challenges of remoteness and technology. To address this, we conducted a toxicity experiment by using deep-sea mussel Gigantidas platifrons as model animals and exposing them to different copper (Cu) concentrations (50 and 500 μg/L) for 7 days. Transcriptomics and LC-MS-based metabolomics methods were employed to characterize the profiles of transcription and metabolism in deep-sea mussels exposed to Cu. Transcriptomic results suggested that Cu toxicity significantly affected the immune response, apoptosis, and signaling processes in G. platifrons. Metabolomic results demonstrated that Cu exposure disrupted its carbohydrate metabolism, anaerobic metabolism and amino acid metabolism. By integrating both sets of results, transcriptomic and metabolomic, we find that Cu exposure significantly disrupts the metabolic pathway of protein digestion and absorption in G. platifrons. Furthermore, several key genes (e.g., heat shock protein 70 and baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2/3) and metabolites (e.g., alanine and succinate) were identified as potential molecular biomarkers for deep-sea mussel's responses to Cu toxicity. This study contributes novel insight for assessing the potential effects of deep-sea mining activities on deep-sea organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng He
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Minxiao Wang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhaoshan Zhong
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chao Lian
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chaolun Li
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China.
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3
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Zhao R, Yang Y, Li S, Chen S, Ding J, Wu Y, Qu M, Di Y. Comparative study of integrated bio-responses in deep-sea and nearshore mussels upon abiotic condition changes: Insight into distinct regulation and adaptation. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 199:106610. [PMID: 38879901 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Deep-sea mussels, one of the dominant species in most deep-sea ecosystems, have long been used as model organisms to investigate the adaptations and symbiotic relationships of deep-sea macrofauna under laboratory conditions due to their ability to survive under atmospheric pressure. However, the impact of additional abiotic conditions beyond pressure, such as temperature and light, on their physiological characteristics remains unknown. In this study, deep-sea mussels (Gigantidas platifrons) from cold seep of the South China Sea, along with nearshore mussels (Mytilus coruscus) from the East China Sea, were reared in unfavorable abiotic conditions for up to 8 days. Integrated biochemical indexes including antioxidant defense, immune ability and energy metabolism were investigated in the gill and digestive gland, while cytotoxicity was determined in hemocytes of both types of mussels. The results revealed mild bio-responses in two types of mussels in the laboratory, represented by the effective antioxidant defense with constant total antioxidant capability level and malondialdehyde content. There were also disparate adaptations in deep-sea and nearshore mussels. In deep-sea mussels, significantly increased immune response and energy reservation were observed in gills, together with the elevated cytotoxicity in hemocytes, implying the more severe biological adaptation was required, mainly due to the symbiotic bacteria loss under laboratory conditions. On the contrary, insignificant biological responses were exhibited in nearshore mussels except for the increased energy consumption, indicating the trade-off strategy to use more energy to deal with potential stress. Overall, this comparative study highlights the basal bio-responses of deep-sea and nearshore mussels out of their native environments, providing evidence that short-term culture of both mussels under easily achievable laboratory conditions would not dramatically alter their biological status. This finding will assist in broadening the application of deep-sea mussels as model organism in future research regardless of the specialized research equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxuan Zhao
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Yingli Yang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Shuimei Li
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Jiawei Ding
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Yusong Wu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Mengjie Qu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Yanan Di
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China.
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4
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Sun Y, Wang M, Chen H, Wang H, Zhong Z, Zhou L, Fu L, Li C, Sun S. Insights into symbiotic interactions from metatranscriptome analysis of deep-sea mussel Gigantidas platifrons under long-term laboratory maintenance. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:444-459. [PMID: 36326559 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Symbioses between invertebrates and chemosynthetic bacteria are of fundamental importance in deep-sea ecosystems, but the mechanisms that enable their symbiont associations are still largely undescribed, owing to the culturable difficulties of deep-sea lives. Bathymodiolinae mussels are remarkable in their ability to overcome decompression and can be maintained successfully for an extended period under atmospheric pressure, thus providing a model for investigating the molecular basis of symbiotic interactions. Herein, we conducted metatranscriptome sequencing and gene co-expression network analysis of Gigantidas platifrons under laboratory maintenance with gradual loss of symbionts. The results revealed that one-day short-term maintenance triggered global transcriptional perturbation in symbionts, but little gene expression changes in mussel hosts, which were mainly involved in responses to environmental changes. Long-term maintenance with depleted symbionts induced a metabolic shift in the mussel host. The most notable changes were the suppression of sterol biosynthesis and the complementary activation of terpenoid backbone synthesis in response to the reduction of bacteria-derived terpenoid sources. In addition, we detected the upregulation of host proteasomes responsible for amino acid deprivation caused by symbiont depletion. Additionally, a significant correlation between host microtubule motor activity and symbiont abundance was revealed, suggesting the possible function of microtubule-based intracellular trafficking in the nutritional interaction of symbiosis. Overall, by analyzing the dynamic transcriptomic changes during the loss of symbionts, our study highlights the nutritional importance of symbionts in supplementing terpenoid compounds and essential amino acids and provides insight into the molecular mechanisms and strategies underlying the symbiotic interactions in deep-sea ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Minxiao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaoshan Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lulu Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chaolun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Song Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Zhang H, Yao G, He M. Transcriptome analysis of gene expression profiling from the deep sea in situ to the laboratory for the cold seep mussel Gigantidas haimaensis. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:828. [DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The deep-sea mussel Gigantidas haimaensis is a representative species from the Haima cold seep ecosystem in the South China Sea that establishes endosymbiosis with chemotrophic bacteria. During long-term evolution, G. haimaensis has adapted well to the local environment of cold seeps. Until now, adaptive mechanisms responding to environmental stresses have remained poorly understood.
Results
In this study, transcriptomic analysis was performed for muscle tissue of G. haimaensis in the in situ environment (MH) and laboratory environment for 0 h (M0), 3 h (M3) and 9 h (M9), and 187,368 transcript sequences and 22,924 annotated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were generated. Based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, these DEGs were enriched with a broad spectrum of biological processes and pathways, including those associated with antioxidants, apoptosis, chaperones, immunity and metabolism. Among these significantly enriched pathways, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and metabolism were the most affected metabolic pathways. These results may imply that G. haimaensis struggles to support the life response to environmental change by changing gene expression profiles.
Conclusion
The present study provides a better understanding of the biological responses and survival strategies of the mussel G. haimaensis from deep sea in situ to the laboratory environment.
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Chen H, Wang M, Zhang H, Wang H, Zhou L, Zhong Z, Cao L, Lian C, Sun Y, Li C. microRNAs facilitate comprehensive responses of Bathymodiolinae mussel against symbiotic and nonsymbiotic bacteria stimulation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:420-431. [PMID: 34687882 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bathymodiolinae mussels are dominant species in cold seeps and hydrothermal vents and could harbor endosymbionts in gill bacteriocytes. However, mechanisms underlying the symbiosis have remained largely undisclosed for years. In the present study, the global expression pattern of immune-related genes and miRNAs were surveyed in Gigantidas platifrons during bacterial challenges using enriched symbiotic methane oxidation bacteria MOBs or nonsymbiotic Vibrio. As a result, multiple pattern recognition receptors were found differentially expressed at 12 h and 24 h post bacteria challenges and distinctly clustered between stimulations. Dozens of immune effectors along with signal transducers were also modulated simultaneously during MOB or Vibrio challenge. A total of 459 miRNAs were identified in the gill while some were differentially expressed post MOB or nonsymbiotic bacteria challenge. A variety of immune-related genes were annotated as target genes of aforesaid differentially expressed miRNAs. As a result, biological processes including the immune recognition, lysosome activity and bacteria engulfment were suggested to be dynamically modulated by miRNAs in either symbiotic or nonsymbiotic bacteria challenge. It was suggested that G. platifrons mussels could maintain a robust immune response against invading pathogens while establishing symbiosis with chemosynthetic bacteria with the orchestra of immune-related genes and miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Center of Deep Sea Research, And CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Minxiao Wang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, And CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, And CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, And CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Deep Sea Research, And CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhaoshan Zhong
- Center of Deep Sea Research, And CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Center of Deep Sea Research, And CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chao Lian
- Center of Deep Sea Research, And CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Center of Deep Sea Research, And CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chaolun Li
- Center of Deep Sea Research, And CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China.
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Li M, Chen H, Wang M, Zhong Z, Wang H, Zhou L, Zhang H, Li C. A Toll-like receptor identified in Gigantidas platifrons and its potential role in the immune recognition of endosymbiotic methane oxidation bacteria. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11282. [PMID: 33986997 PMCID: PMC8092104 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiosis with chemosynthetic bacteria is an important ecological strategy for the deep-sea megafaunas including mollusks, tubeworms and crustacean to obtain nutrients in hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. How the megafaunas recognize symbionts and establish the symbiosis has attracted much attention. Bathymodiolinae mussels are endemic species in both hydrothermal vents and cold seeps while the immune recognition mechanism underlying the symbiosis is not well understood due to the nonculturable symbionts. In previous study, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pull-down assay was conducted in Gigantidas platifrons to screen the pattern recognition receptors potentially involved in the recognition of symbiotic methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB). Consequently, a total of 208 proteins including GpTLR13 were identified. Here the molecular structure, expression pattern and immune function of GpTLR13 were further analyzed. It was found that GpTLR13 could bind intensively with the lipid A structure of LPS through surface plasmon resonance analysis. The expression alternations of GpTLR13 transcripts during a 28-day of symbiont-depletion assay were investigated by real-time qPCR. As a result, a robust decrease of GpTLR13 transcripts was observed accompanying with the loss of symbionts, implying its participation in symbiosis. In addition, GpTLR13 transcripts were found expressed exclusively in the bacteriocytes of gills of G. platifrons by in situ hybridization. It was therefore speculated that GpTLR13 may be involved in the immune recognition of symbiotic methane-oxidizing bacteria by specifically recognizing the lipid A structure of LPS. However, the interaction between GpTLR13 and symbiotic MOB was failed to be addressed due to the nonculturable symbionts. Nevertheless, the present result has provided with a promising candidate as well as a new approach for the identification of symbiont-related genes in Bathymodiolinae mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Li
- Center of Deep Sea Research and Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences (CODR and KLMEES), Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Center of Deep Sea Research and Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences (CODR and KLMEES), Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Minxiao Wang
- Center of Deep Sea Research and Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences (CODR and KLMEES), Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaoshan Zhong
- Center of Deep Sea Research and Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences (CODR and KLMEES), Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Center of Deep Sea Research and Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences (CODR and KLMEES), Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Deep Sea Research and Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences (CODR and KLMEES), Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Center of Deep Sea Research and Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences (CODR and KLMEES), Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chaolun Li
- Center of Deep Sea Research and Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences (CODR and KLMEES), Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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8
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Chen H, Wang M, Li M, Lian C, Zhou L, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zhong Z, Wang H, Cao L, Li C. A glimpse of deep-sea adaptation in chemosynthetic holobionts: Depressurization causes DNA fragmentation and cell death of methanotrophic endosymbionts rather than their deep-sea Bathymodiolinae host. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:2298-2312. [PMID: 33774874 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bathymodiolinae mussels are typical species in deep-sea cold seeps and hydrothermal vents and an ideal model for investigating chemosynthetic symbiosis and the influence of high hydrostatic pressure on deep-sea organisms. Herein, the potential influence of depressurization on DNA fragmentation and cell death in Bathymodiolinae hosts and their methanotrophic symbionts were surveyed using isobaric and unpressurized samples. As a hallmark of cell death, massive DNA fragmentation was observed in methanotrophic symbionts from unpressurized Bathymodiolinae while several endonucleases and restriction enzymes were upregulated. Additionally, genes involved in DNA repair, glucose/methane metabolism as well as two-component regulatory system were also differentially expressed in depressurized symbionts. DNA fragmentation and programmed cell death, however, were rarely detected in the host bacteriocytes owing to the orchestrated upregulation of inhibitor of apoptosis genes and downregulation of caspase genes. Meanwhile, diverse host immune recognition receptors were promoted during depressurization, probably enabling the regain of symbionts. When the holobionts were subjected to a prolonged acclimation at atmospheric pressure, alternations in both the DNA fragmentation and the expression atlas of aforesaid genes were continuously observed in symbionts, demonstrating the persistent influence of depressurization. Contrarily, the host cells demonstrated certain tolerance against depressurization stress as expression level of some immune-related genes returned to the basal level in isobaric samples. Altogether, the present study illustrates the distinct stress responses of Bathymodiolinae hosts and their methanotrophic symbionts against depressurization, which could provide further insight into the deep-sea adaptation of Bathymodiolinae holobionts while highlighting the necessity of using isobaric sampling methods in deep-sea research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Center of Deep Sea Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Minxiao Wang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengna Li
- Center of Deep Sea Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Lian
- Center of Deep Sea Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Deep Sea Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaoshan Zhong
- Center of Deep Sea Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Center of Deep Sea Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chaolun Li
- Center of Deep Sea Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Wang H, Zhang H, Zhong Z, Sun Y, Wang M, Chen H, Zhou L, Cao L, Lian C, Li C. Molecular analyses of the gill symbiosis of the bathymodiolin mussel Gigantidas platifrons. iScience 2020; 24:101894. [PMID: 33364583 PMCID: PMC7750550 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the deep-sea bathymodiolin mussels have been intensively studied as a model of animal-bacteria symbiosis, it remains challenging to assess the host-symbiont interactions due to the complexity of the symbiotic tissue-the gill. Using cold-seep mussel Gigantidas platifrons as a model, we isolated the symbiont harboring bacteriocytes and profiled the transcriptomes of the three major parts of the symbiosis-the gill, the bacteriocyte, and the symbiont. This breakdown of the complex symbiotic tissue allowed us to characterize the host-symbiont interactions further. Our data showed that the gill's non-symbiotic parts play crucial roles in maintaining and protecting the symbiosis; the bacteriocytes supply the symbiont with metabolites, control symbiont population, and shelter the symbiont from phage infection; the symbiont dedicates to the methane oxidation and energy production. This study demonstrates that the bathymodiolin symbiosis interacts at the tissue, cellular, and molecular level, maintaining high efficiency and harmonic chemosynthetic micro niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Center of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Center of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoshan Zhong
- Center of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Minxiao Wang
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Center of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Lei Cao
- Center of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Chao Lian
- Center of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Chaolun Li
- Center of Deep-Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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10
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Xia X, Guan C, Chen J, Qiu M, Qi J, Wei M, Wang X, Zhang K, Lu S, Zhang L, Hua C, Xue S, Yao L. Molecular characterization of AwSox2 from bivalve Anodonta woodiana: Elucidating its player in the immune response. Innate Immun 2020; 26:381-397. [PMID: 31889462 PMCID: PMC7903536 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919897823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sox2 is an embryonal stem cell Ag essential for early embryonic development, tissue homeostasis and immune regulation. In the current study, one complete Sox2 cDNA sequence was cloned from freshwater bivalve Anodonta woodiana and named AwSox2. Histological changes of testis derived from Bisphenol A (BPA) treatment were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Expressions of AwSox2 derived from BPA, LPS and polyinosinic:polycytidylic (Poly I:C) challenge were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The full-length cDNA of AwSox2 contained an open reading frame of 927 nucleotides bearing the typical structural features of Sox2 family. Obvious degeneration, irregular arrangement of spermatids, and clotted dead and intertwined spermatids were observed in BPA-treated groups. Administration of BPA could result in a dose-dependent up-regulation of AwSox2 expression in the male gonadal tissue of A. woodiana. In addition, expression of AwSox2 was significantly induced by LPS and Poly I:C treatment in the hepatopancreas, gill and hemocytes, compared with that of control group. These results indicated that up-regulations of AwSOx2 are closely related to apoptosis of spermatogonial stem cells derived from BPA treatment as well as enhancement of immune defense against LPS and Poly I:C challenge in A. woodiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichao Xia
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
- Life college of Nanyang Nomal University, Nanyang, Henan
Province, China
| | - Cuiui Guan
- Life college of Nanyang Nomal University, Nanyang, Henan
Province, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Maolin Qiu
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Jinxu Qi
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Mengwei Wei
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Suxiang Lu
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Linguo Zhang
- Medical College of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
Province, China
| | - Chunxiu Hua
- Basic Medicine College of Nanyang Medical University, Nanyang,
Henan Province, China
| | - Shipeng Xue
- Basic Medicine College of Nanyang Medical University, Nanyang,
Henan Province, China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Life college of Nanyang Nomal University, Nanyang, Henan
Province, China
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11
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Kong X, Li Y, Zhang H. Adaptation evolution and bioactivity of galectin from the deep sea Vesicomyidae clam Archivesica packardana. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:483-492. [PMID: 31870969 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal vents and cold seep zones are two special habitats in the deep sea. These habitats are always dark, and have extreme temperatures (low or high), heavy metals and toxic substances (sulfide, methane). Vesicomyidae clams, which maintain endosymbionts in their gills, are common species in these two special zones and are thought to develop an efficacious immune system against unusual habitats. In the present study, a novel galectin (Apgalectin) was identified from the Vesicomyidae clam Archivesica packardana. The phylogenetic tree indicated that Apgalectin had two CRDs and was closely clustered with galectins from invertebrates, especially mollusks. A branch-site model showed that 9 positively selected sites (ω2 = 6.83950) were identified comparing to galectins from the Order Veneroida, implying a different function of Vesicomyidae galectins. A microbe binding assay showed that rApgalectin could bind to gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and fungi. A PAMP binding assay indicated that Apgalectin could bind LPS, PGN, β-1,3-glucan, glucan from yeast and Poly I:C in dose-dependent manner. Apgalectin only agglutinated Micrococcus luteus and agglutination could be inhibited by galactose which demonstrated that Apgalectin might be involved in immune defense by recognizing and binding bacteria in a β-galactoside manner. Further experiments showed that Apgalectin might play an indirect effector role in the immune response because of its limited antibacterial spectrum. All analyses validated that Apgalectin from Archivesica packardana plays a variety of functions in immune responses and provided basal information for the immune study of deep-sea mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Kong
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Haibin Zhang
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China.
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12
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Chen H, Wang M, Zhang H, Wang H, Lv Z, Zhou L, Zhong Z, Lian C, Cao L, Li C. An LRR-domain containing protein identified in Bathymodiolus platifrons serves as intracellular recognition receptor for the endosymbiotic methane-oxidation bacteria. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:354-360. [PMID: 31306759 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As domain species in seep and vent ecosystem, Bathymodioline mussels has been regarded as a model organism in investigating deep sea chemosymbiosis. However, mechanisms underlying their symbiosis with chemosynthetic bacteria, especially how the host recognizes symbionts, have remained largely unsolved. In the present study, a modified pull-down assay was conducted using enriched symbiotic methane-oxidation bacteria as bait and gill proteins of Bathymodiolus platifrons as a target to isolate pattern recognition receptors involved in the immune recognition of symbionts. As a result, a total of 47 proteins including BpLRR-1 were identified from the pull-down assay. It was found that complete cDNA sequence of BpLRR-1 contained an open reading frame of 1479 bp and could encode a protein of 492 amino acid residues with no signal peptide or transmembrane region but eight LRR motif and two EFh motif. The binding patterns of BpLRR-1 against microbial associated molecular patterns were subsequently investigated by surface plasmon resonance analysis and LPS pull-down assay. Consequently, BpLRR-1 was found with high binding affinity with LPS and suggested as a key molecule in recognizing symbionts. Besides, transcripts of BpLRR-1 were found decreased significantly during symbiont depletion assay yet increased rigorously during symbionts or nonsymbiotic Vibrio alginolyticus challenge, further demonstrating its participation in the chemosynthetic symbiosis. Collectively, these results suggest that BpLRR-1 could serve as an intracellular recognition receptor for the endosymbionts, providing new hints for understanding the immune recognition in symbiosis of B. platifrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Minxiao Wang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhao Lv
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhaoshan Zhong
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Chao Lian
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chaolun Li
- Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China.
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13
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Fernández Robledo JA, Yadavalli R, Allam B, Pales Espinosa E, Gerdol M, Greco S, Stevick RJ, Gómez-Chiarri M, Zhang Y, Heil CA, Tracy AN, Bishop-Bailey D, Metzger MJ. From the raw bar to the bench: Bivalves as models for human health. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:260-282. [PMID: 30503358 PMCID: PMC6511260 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bivalves, from raw oysters to steamed clams, are popular choices among seafood lovers and once limited to the coastal areas. The rapid growth of the aquaculture industry and improvement in the preservation and transport of seafood have enabled them to be readily available anywhere in the world. Over the years, oysters, mussels, scallops, and clams have been the focus of research for improving the production, managing resources, and investigating basic biological and ecological questions. During this decade, an impressive amount of information using high-throughput genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic technologies has been produced in various classes of the Mollusca group, and it is anticipated that basic and applied research will significantly benefit from this resource. One aspect that is also taking momentum is the use of bivalves as a model system for human health. In this review, we highlight some of the aspects of the biology of bivalves that have direct implications in human health including the shell formation, stem cells and cell differentiation, the ability to fight opportunistic and specific pathogens in the absence of adaptive immunity, as source of alternative drugs, mucosal immunity and, microbiome turnover, toxicology, and cancer research. There is still a long way to go; however, the next time you order a dozen oysters at your favorite raw bar, think about a tasty model organism that will not only please your palate but also help unlock multiple aspects of molluscan biology and improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bassem Allam
- Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | | | - Marco Gerdol
- University of Trieste, Department of Life Sciences, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Samuele Greco
- University of Trieste, Department of Life Sciences, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rebecca J Stevick
- University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of Oceanography, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA
| | - Marta Gómez-Chiarri
- University of Rhode Island, Department of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- University of Rhode Island, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Cynthia A Heil
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, 04544, USA
| | - Adrienne N Tracy
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, 04544, USA; Colby College, Waterville, 4,000 Mayflower Hill Dr, ME, 04901, USA
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14
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Détrée C, Haddad I, Demey-Thomas E, Vinh J, Lallier FH, Tanguy A, Mary J. Global host molecular perturbations upon in situ loss of bacterial endosymbionts in the deep-sea mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus assessed using proteomics and transcriptomics. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:109. [PMID: 30727955 PMCID: PMC6364412 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colonization of deep-sea hydrothermal vents by most invertebrates was made efficient through their adaptation to a symbiotic lifestyle with chemosynthetic bacteria, the primary producers in these ecosystems. Anatomical adaptations such as the establishment of specialized cells or organs have been evidenced in numerous deep-sea invertebrates. However, very few studies detailed global inter-dependencies between host and symbionts in these ecosystems. In this study, we proposed to describe, using a proteo-transcriptomic approach, the effects of symbionts loss on the deep-sea mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus’ molecular biology. We induced an in situ depletion of symbionts and compared the proteo-transcriptome of the gills of mussels in three conditions: symbiotic mussels (natural population), symbiont-depleted mussels and aposymbiotic mussels. Results Global proteomic and transcriptomic results evidenced a global disruption of host machinery in aposymbiotic organisms. We observed that the total number of proteins identified decreased from 1118 in symbiotic mussels to 790 in partially depleted mussels and 761 in aposymbiotic mussels. Using microarrays we identified 4300 transcripts differentially expressed between symbiont-depleted and symbiotic mussels. Among these transcripts, 799 were found differentially expressed in aposymbiotic mussels and almost twice as many in symbiont-depleted mussels as compared to symbiotic mussels. Regarding apoptotic and immune system processes – known to be largely involved in symbiotic interactions – an overall up-regulation of associated proteins and transcripts was observed in symbiont-depleted mussels. Conclusion Overall, our study showed a global impairment of host machinery and an activation of both the immune and apoptotic system following symbiont-depletion. One of the main assumptions is the involvement of symbiotic bacteria in the inhibition and regulation of immune and apoptotic systems. As such, symbiotic bacteria may increase their lifespan in gill cells while managing the defense of the holobiont against putative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Détrée
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Team ABICE, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Iman Haddad
- ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, USR 3149, Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Emmanuelle Demey-Thomas
- ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, USR 3149, Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Joëlle Vinh
- ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, USR 3149, Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - François H Lallier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Team ABICE, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Arnaud Tanguy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Team ABICE, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Jean Mary
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab. Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Team ABICE, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29680, Roscoff, France.
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15
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Kong X, Liu H, Li Y, Zhang H. Two Novel Short Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins (PGRPs) From the Deep Sea Vesicomyidae Clam Archivesica packardana: Identification, Recombinant Expression and Bioactivity. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1476. [PMID: 30405434 PMCID: PMC6206172 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicomyidae clams are common species living in cold seeps, which incorporates symbiotic bacteria into their body maintaining endosymbiosis relationship. As members of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) family, peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns and play an important role in innate immunity. In present study, two short PGRPs (ApPGRP-1 and -2) were first identified from Vesicomyidae clam Archivesica packardana. Sequences analysis showed that they have both conserved Zn2+ binding sites (H-H-C) and amidase catalytic sites (H-Y-H-T-C), and phylogenetic tree indicated that they clustered with short PGRPs of other molluscs. PGN assay showed that ApPGRPs could bind Lys-type PGN from Staphylococcus aureus and Dap-type PGN from Bacillus subtilis, and revealed amidase activity with selective zinc ion dependence. rApPGRP-1 and -2 (recombinant ApPGRP-1 and -2) could bind six bacteria with a broad spectrum and had both zinc-dependent and -independent bactericidal activity. ApPGRPs had the complete functions of effectors and partial functions of receptors from PGRPs. Further analyses showed that ApPGRPs from A. packardana might be involved in the endosymbiosis relationship between the host clam and endosymbiotic bacteria as a regulator. The results of these experiments suggested that ApPGRPs were involved in cold seep clams’ immune response. This study provides basic information for further research on the immune mechanisms of deep sea organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Kong
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Helu Liu
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haibin Zhang
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
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16
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Barros I, Froufe H, Marnellos G, Egas C, Delaney J, Clamp M, Santos RS, Bettencourt R. Metatranscriptomics profile of the gill microbial community during Bathymodiolus azoricus aquarium acclimatization at atmospheric pressure. AIMS Microbiol 2018; 4:240-260. [PMID: 31294213 PMCID: PMC6604929 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2018.2.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The deep-sea mussels Bathymodiolus azoricus (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) are the dominant macrofauna subsisting at the hydrothermal vents site Menez Gwen in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). Their adaptive success in such challenging environments is largely due to their gill symbiotic association with chemosynthetic bacteria. We examined the response of vent mussels as they adapt to sea-level environmental conditions, through an assessment of the relative abundance of host-symbiont related RNA transcripts to better understand how the gill microbiome may drive host-symbiont interactions in vent mussels during hypothetical venting inactivity. Results The metatranscriptome of B. azoricus was sequenced from gill tissues sampled at different time-points during a five-week acclimatization experiment, using Next-Generation-Sequencing. After Illumina sequencing, a total of 181,985,262 paired-end reads of 150 bp were generated with an average of 16,544,115 read per sample. Metatranscriptome analysis confirmed that experimental acclimatization in aquaria accounted for global gill transcript variation. Additionally, the analysis of 16S and 18S rRNA sequences data allowed for a comprehensive characterization of host-symbiont interactions, which included the gradual loss of gill endosymbionts and signaling pathways, associated with stress responses and energy metabolism, under experimental acclimatization. Dominant active transcripts were assigned to the following KEGG categories: “Ribosome”, “Oxidative phosphorylation” and “Chaperones and folding catalysts” suggesting specific metabolic responses to physiological adaptations in aquarium environment. Conclusions Gill metagenomics analyses highlighted microbial diversity shifts and a clear pattern of varying mRNA transcript abundancies and expression during acclimatization to aquarium conditions which indicate change in bacterial community activity. This approach holds potential for the discovery of new host-symbiont associations, evidencing new functional transcripts and a clearer picture of methane metabolism during loss of endosymbionts. Towards the end of acclimatization, we observed trends in three major functional subsystems, as evidenced by an increment of transcripts related to genetic information processes; the decrease of chaperone and folding catalysts and oxidative phosphorylation transcripts; but no change in transcripts of gluconeogenesis and co-factors-vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Barros
- Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal.,MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Hugo Froufe
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit-BIOCANT; Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Núcleo 04, Lote 8, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - George Marnellos
- Harvard University, Informatics and Scientific Applications, 38 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138-2020, United States
| | - Conceição Egas
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit-BIOCANT; Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Núcleo 04, Lote 8, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Jennifer Delaney
- Harvard University, Informatics and Scientific Applications, 38 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138-2020, United States
| | - Michele Clamp
- Harvard University, Biological Laboratories, Room 3085, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138-2020, United States
| | - Ricardo Serrão Santos
- Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal.,MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal.,OKEANOS Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Raul Bettencourt
- Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal.,MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal.,OKEANOS Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
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17
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Martins I, Goulart J, Martins E, Morales-Román R, Marín S, Riou V, Colaço A, Bettencourt R. Physiological impacts of acute Cu exposure on deep-sea vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus under a deep-sea mining activity scenario. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 193:40-49. [PMID: 29032352 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past years, several studies have been dedicated to understanding the physiological ability of the vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus to overcome the high metal concentrations present in their surrounding hydrothermal environment. Potential deep-sea mining activities at Azores Triple junction hydrothermal vent deposits would inevitably lead to the emergence of new fluid sources close to mussel beds, with consequent emission of high metal concentrations and potential resolubilization of Cu from minerals formed during the active phase of the vent field. Copper is an essential metal playing a key role in the activation of metalloenzymes and metalloproteins responsible for important cellular metabolic processes and tissue homeostasis. However, excessive intracellular amounts of reactive Cu ions may cause irreversible damages triggering possible cell apoptosis. In the present study, B. azoricus was exposed to increasing concentrations of Cu for 96h in conditions of temperature and hydrostatic pressure similar to those experienced at the Lucky Strike hydrothermal vent field. Specimens were kept in 1L flasks, exposed to four Cu concentrations: 0μg/L (control), 300, 800 and 1600μg/L and pressurized to 1750bar. We addressed the question of how increased Cu concentration would affect the function of antioxidant defense proteins and expression of antioxidant and immune-related genes in B. azoricus. Both antioxidant enzymatic activities and gene expression were examined in gills, mantle and digestive gland tissues of exposed vent mussels. Our study reveals that stressful short-term Cu exposure has a strong effect on molecular metabolism of the hydrothermal vent mussel, especially in gill tissue. Initially, both the stress caused by unpressurization or by Cu exposure was associated with high antioxidant enzyme activities and tissue-specific transcriptional up-regulation. However, mussels exposed to increased Cu concentrations showed both antioxidant and immune-related gene suppression. Under a mining activity scenario, the release of an excess of dissolved Cu to the vent environment may cause serious changes in cellular defense mechanisms of B. azoricus. This outcome, while adding to our knowledge of Cu toxicity, highlights the potentially deleterious impacts of mining activities on the physiology of deep-sea organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Martins
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal.
| | - Joana Goulart
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Eva Martins
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Rosa Morales-Román
- IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Sergio Marín
- IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Virginie Riou
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Ana Colaço
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; OKEANOS - Research Unit- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Raul Bettencourt
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR - Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; OKEANOS - Research Unit- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
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18
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Sun Y, Wang M, Li L, Zhou L, Wang X, Zheng P, Yu H, Li C, Sun S. Molecular identification of methane monooxygenase and quantitative analysis of methanotrophic endosymbionts under laboratory maintenance in Bathymodiolus platifrons from the South China Sea. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3565. [PMID: 28828234 PMCID: PMC5553348 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep-sea mussels of the genus Bathymodiolus are numerically dominant macrofauna in many cold seep and hydrothermal vent ecosystems worldwide, and they depend on organic carbon produced by symbionts present in the epithelial cells of the gills. Although Bathymodiolus platifrons represents typical methanotrophic endosymbiosis, our understanding of molecular mechanisms of methane oxidization and carbon fixation is still in its infancy. Moreover, the laboratory maintenance of B. platifrons and the symbiont abundance dynamics during maintenance has not been reported. In the present study, we report the first systematic identification and phylogenetic analysis of three subunits of methane monooxygenase (pmoA, pmoB, and pmoC) obtained from the endosymbiotic bacteria found in B. platifrons. The coding sequences (CDS) of the three genes in the B. platifrons endosymbiont were 750, 1,245, and 753 bp, encoding 249, 414, and 250 amino acids, respectively. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the symbiont of B. platifrons belongs to the type I methanotrophs. In order to clarify the impact of environmental methane on symbiont abundance, a 34-day laboratory maintenance experiment was conducted in which B. platifrons individuals were acclimatized to methane-present and methane-absent environments. Symbiont abundance was evaluated by calculating the relative DNA content of the methane monooxygenase gene using quantitative real-time PCR. We found that symbiont quantity immediately decreased from its initial level, then continued to gradually decline during maintenance. At 24 and 34 days of maintenance, symbiont abundance in the methane-absent environment had significantly decreased compared to that in the methane-present environment, indicating that the maintenance of symbionts relies on a continuous supply of methane. Our electron microscopy results validated the qPCR analysis. This study enriches our knowledge of the molecular basis and the dynamic changes of the methanotrophic endosymbiosis in B. platifrons, and provides a feasible model biosystem for further investigation of methane oxidization, the carbon fixation process, and environmental adaptations of deep-sea mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Minxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Leilei Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaocheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chaolun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Song Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Jiaozhou Bay Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Qingdao, China
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19
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Identification and gene expression of multiple peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) in the deep-sea mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus , involvement in symbiosis? Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 207:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Martins I, Romão CV, Goulart J, Cerqueira T, Santos RS, Bettencourt R. Activity of antioxidant enzymes in response to atmospheric pressure induced physiological stress in deep-sea hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 114:65-73. [PMID: 26790096 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Deep sea hydrothermal Bathymodiolus azoricus mussels from Portuguese EEZ Menez Gwen hydrothermal field possess the remarkable ability to overcome decompression and survive successfully at atmospheric pressure conditions. We investigated the potential use of antioxidant defense enzymes in mussel B. azoricus as biomarkers of oxidative stress induced by long term acclimatization to atmospheric pressure conditions. Mussels collected at Menez Gwen hydrothermal field were acclimatized for two weeks in three distinct conditions suitable of promoting physiological stress, (i) in plain seawater for concomitant endosymbiont bacteria loss, (ii) in plain seawater under metal iron exposure, (iii) constant bubbling methane and pumped sulfide for endosymbiont bacteria survival. The enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and iron storage proteins in addition to electrophoretic profiles were examined in vent mussel gills and digestive gland. Gills showed approximately 3 times more SOD specific activity than digestive glands. On the other hand, digestive glands showed approximately 6 times more CAT specific activity than gills. Iron storage proteins were identified in gill extracts from all experimental conditions mussels. However, in digestive gland extracts only fresh collected mussels and after 2 weeks in FeSO4 showed the presence of iron storage proteins. The differences between SOD, CAT specific activities and the presence of iron storage proteins in the examined tissues reflect dissimilar metabolic and antioxidant activities, as a result of tissue specificities and acclimatization conditions influences on the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Martins
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR/Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal.
| | - Célia V Romão
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República (EAN), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Joana Goulart
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR/Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Teresa Cerqueira
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR/Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Ricardo S Santos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR/Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Raul Bettencourt
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR/Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of Azores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
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