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Mohanty S, Paul A, Banerjee S, Rajendran KV, Tripathi G, Das PC, Sahoo PK. Ultrastructural, molecular and haemato-immunological changes: Multifaceted toxicological effects of microcystin-LR in rohu, Labeo rohita. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142097. [PMID: 38657687 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
No water body is resilient to afflicts of algal bloom, if goes unmanaged. With the increasing trend of intensification, eutrophication and climate change, Labeo rohita (rohu) is highly anticipated to suffer from the deleterious effects of bloom and eventually its toxins. A comprehensive study was conducted to understand the toxicopathological effects of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in rohu following intraperitoneal injection of 96 h-LD50 dose i.e., 713 μg kg-1. Substantial changes in micro- and ultrastructural level were evident in histopathology and transmission electron microscope (TEM) study. The haematological, biochemical, cellular and humoral innate immune biomarkers were significantly altered (p < 0.05) in MC-LR treated fish. The mRNA transcript levels of IL-1β, IL-10, IgM and IgZ in liver and kidney tissues were significantly up-regulated in 12 hpi and declined in 96 hpi MC-LR exposed fish. The relative mRNA expression of caspase 9 in the liver and kidney indicates mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis which was strongly supported by TEM study. In a nutshell, our study illustrates for the first time MC-LR induced toxicological implications in rohu displaying immunosuppression, enhanced oxidative stress, pathophysiology, modulation in mRNA transcription, genotoxicity, structural and ultrastructural alterations signifying it as a vulnerable species for MC-LR intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snatashree Mohanty
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, 751 002, India
| | - Anirban Paul
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, 751 002, India
| | | | - K V Rajendran
- ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India; Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, 671 316, India
| | | | - Pratap Chandra Das
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, 751 002, India
| | - Pramoda Kumar Sahoo
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, 751 002, India.
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Xu H, Wang Z, Li Y, Xu Z. The distribution and function of teleost IgT. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109281. [PMID: 38092093 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Given the uniquely close relationship between fish and aquatic environments, fish mucosal tissues are constantly exposed to a wide array of pathogenic microorganisms in the surrounding water. To maintain mucosal homeostasis, fish have evolved a distinct mucosal immune system known as mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs). These MALTs consist of key effector cells and molecules from the adaptive immune system, such as B cells and immunoglobulins (Igs), which play crucial roles in maintaining mucosal homeostasis and defending against external pathogen infections. Until recently, three primary Ig isotypes, IgM, IgD, and IgT, have been identified in varying proportions within the mucosal secretions of teleost fish. Similar to the role of mucosal IgA in mammals and birds, teleost IgT plays a predominant role in mucosal immunity. Following the identification of the IgT gene in 2005, significant advances have been made in researching the origin, evolution, structure, and function of teleost IgT. Multiple IgT variants have been identified in various species of teleost fish, underscoring the remarkable complexity of IgT in fish. Therefore, this study provides a comprehensive review of the recent advances in various aspects of teleost IgT, including its genomic and structural features, the diverse distribution patterns within various fish mucosal tissues (the skin, gills, gut, nasal, buccal, pharyngeal, and swim bladder mucosa), its interaction with mucosal symbiotic microorganisms, and its immune responses towards diverse pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. We also highlight the existing research gaps in the study of teleost IgT, suggesting the need for further investigation into the functional aspects of IgT and IgT+ B cells. This research is aimed at providing valuable insights into the immune functions of IgT and the mechanisms underlying the immune responses of fish against infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Thakur K, Sharma A, Sharma D, Brar B, Choudhary K, Sharma AK, Mahajan D, Kumar R, Kumar S, Kumar R. An insight into the interaction between Argulus siamensis and Labeo rohita offers future therapeutic strategy to combat argulosis. AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL : JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN AQUACULTURE SOCIETY 2022; 31:1607-1621. [PMID: 36589529 PMCID: PMC9792311 DOI: 10.1007/s10499-022-01043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture and fisheries are salient flourishing sectors in the world but their sustainability is often afflicted by several pathogenic diseases. Among all the pathogenic diseases of fish, parasitic diseases are found to be a major cause of concern. Argulosis is one of the dominant parasitic problems encountered in Indian aquaculture practices. Argulus siamensis is the most prevalent argulid species harming the Indian major carp species including Labeo rohita. The major carps respond to parasitic infestation by elevating various immune relevant genes. The therapeutic chemicals, synthetic drugs and other plant extracts have made a progress in the fight against argulosis. However, there is no effective vaccine and drugs are available for this disease. Thus, designing efficient, cost-effective and eco-friendly control and treatment strategies for argulosis is presently needed. Keeping the aforementioned facts in mind, the current review elaborated the immunological interaction between A. siamensis and L. rohita, available combat tactics, highlighted the already identified vaccine candidates to design effective control measures and illustrated the use of omics technology in future to combat argulosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Thakur
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh 176206 India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh 176206 India
| | - Dixit Sharma
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh 176206 India
| | - Bhavna Brar
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh 176206 India
| | - Kanika Choudhary
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh 176206 India
| | - Amit Kumar Sharma
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh 176206 India
| | - Danish Mahajan
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh 176206 India
| | - Ranjit Kumar
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh 176206 India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh 176206 India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh 176206 India
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Vaccination approach to prevent Argulus siamensis infection-success, challenges and preparedness. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 2:100023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2021.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Fu YW, Yao ZJ, He MH, Wang ZP, Chen WF, Cui M, Zhang QZ. Expression analysis and tissue localization of IgZ in the grouper Epinephelus coioides after Vibrio alginolyticus infection and vaccination. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1647-1655. [PMID: 34133777 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) is an important marine farmed fish in China. It is affected by the bacterial pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus, which causes high mortality and substantial economic losses. We studied the transcriptional changes of the IgZ gene in E. coioides following V. alginolyticus stimulation and investigated the distribution of IgZ in different tissues. The highest expression level of IgZ occurred in the head kidney. When fish were stimulated with live and inactivated V. alginolyticus, the expression levels of IgZ in the head kidney, spleen, intestine, gills and blood cells were significantly upregulated. In an in situ hybridization study, IgZ mRNA-positive cells were detected in the head kidney, spleen and gill, but positive signals were not detected in the liver and intestine. IgZ-labelled cells increased in the head kidney, spleen and gills post-infection with V. alginolyticus for 21 days. The present study provides additional evidence that IgZ is involved in mucosal immune responses and helps explain the role of IgZ in E. coioides defence against V. alginolyticus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Wu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Juan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Han He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuo-Pei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Zhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering Ministry of Education, Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Salinas I, Fernández-Montero Á, Ding Y, Sunyer JO. Mucosal immunoglobulins of teleost fish: A decade of advances. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 121:104079. [PMID: 33785432 PMCID: PMC8177558 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins (Igs) are complex glycoproteins that play critical functions in innate and adaptive immunity of all jawed vertebrates. Given the unique characteristics of mucosal barriers, secretory Igs (sIgs) have specialized to maintain homeostasis and keep pathogens at bay at mucosal tissues from fish to mammals. In teleost fish, the three main IgH isotypes, IgM, IgD and IgT/Z can be found in different proportions at the mucosal secretions of the skin, gills, gut, nasal, buccal, and pharyngeal mucosae. Similar to the role of mammalian IgA, IgT plays a predominant role in fish mucosal immunity. Recent studies in IgT have illuminated the primordial role of sIgs in both microbiota homeostasis and pathogen control at mucosal sites. Ten years ago, IgT was discovered to be an immunoglobulin class specialized in mucosal immunity. Aiming at this 10-year anniversary, the goal of this review is to summarize the current status of the field of fish Igs since that discovery, while identifying knowledge gaps and future avenues that will move the field forward in both basic and applied science areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Salinas
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI), Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Montero
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - J Oriol Sunyer
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Leya T, Ahmad I, Sharma R, Tripathi G, Kurcheti PP, Rajendran KV, Bedekar MK. Bicistronic DNA vaccine macromolecule complexed with poly lactic-co-glycolic acid-chitosan nanoparticles enhanced the mucosal immunity of Labeo rohita against Edwardsiella tarda infection. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:928-937. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Cloning and identification of antimicrobial peptide, hepcidin from freshwater carp, Catla catla on pathogen challenge and PAMPs stimulation. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:341. [PMID: 31497459 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin, a cationic cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptide (AMP) acts in hormone regulation and iron homeostasis in the host body. However, the biological property of hepcidin in immune reaction remains unexplored. In aquatic milieu, environmental and pathogenic stressors cause detrimental infections, which are defended by various immunological cells and antimicrobial peptides. In this study, hepcidin gene has been cloned from freshwater carp, Catla catla. The partially cloned hepcidin consists of 200 bp nucleotide sequence encoding 66 amino acids. Nucleotide sequence showed 97% and 91% similarity with Labeo rohita and Cyprinus carpio, respectively. Expression profile revealed significant up-regulation (P ≤ 0.0001) in liver as compared to other tissues in different conditions. In Aeromonas hydrophila challenged C. catla, liver showed higher expression level of hepcidin at 72 h as compared to other tissues. In skin, hepcidin expression showed significant upraise during 24 h in Streptococcus uberis infection. In Argulus sp. infected fishes, up-regulation of hepcidin expression was noted in liver, intestine and skin. The inactivated viral antigen-stimulated fishes, a substantial rise in liver was observed implying hepcidin as an important molecule in combating the pathogenic infections in freshwater carp, C. catla. Fishes stimulated with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) triggered the increased expression of hepcidin mRNA in liver, kidney and skin. This study indicates the presence of hepcidin as antimicrobial peptide in neutralizing the pathogenic infection in fishes.
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Bilal S, Lie KK, Dalum AS, Karlsen OA, Hordvik I. Analysis of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene expression in ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) revealed an extraordinarily high IgM expression in the gut. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:650-658. [PMID: 30753920 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The serum IgM concentration of ballan wrasse is relatively high, estimated to approximately 13 mg/ml in adult wild fish of 800 g. The present study revealed an unusual high abundance of IgM mRNA in the gut of ballan wrasse. Initially, transcripts encoding IgM, IgT, IgD, TCRα, TCRδ and CD3ε were quantified by RT-qPCR in several tissues of wild caught fish (approx. 800 g), indicating an elevated immune activity in hindgut and an extraordinarily high expression of IgM. Subsequently, a new RT-qPCR analysis was performed on the entire intestine, cut into four different segments, of reared fish (32-100 g). The analysis indicated immune activity along the entire intestine, but not as strong as in the hindgut. Furthermore, similar to the larger fish, the relative abundance of IgM transcripts was higher in the hindgut than in kidney and spleen, although the absolute level of IgM was in general higher in the larger fish. The secreted form of IgM was completely dominant in comparison to the membrane bound form of IgM and the other analysed genes. IgM was purified from gut mucus and external mucosal surfaces by magnetic beads coated with protein A. Mucus IgM reacted with rabbit antisera raised against serum IgM and contained subunits of the same size. Regarding the elevated immune activity in the intestine it is tempting to speculate on a possible compensatory strategy in this lineage of stomach-less fish, and that natural antibodies have an important role in the first line defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Bilal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Ivar Hordvik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Norway.
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Xu J, Yu Y, Huang Z, Dong S, Luo Y, Yu W, Yin Y, Li H, Liu Y, Zhou X, Xu Z. Immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain gene locus and immune responses upon parasitic, bacterial and fungal infection in loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:1139-1150. [PMID: 30599252 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Teleost fish are the most primitive bony vertebrates that contain immunoglobulin (Ig). Although teleost Ig is known to be important during tetrapod evolution and comparative immunology, little is known about the genomic organization of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) locus. Here, three Ig isotype classes, IgM, IgD and IgT, were firstly identified in dojo loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), and the IgH locus covering τ, μ and δ genes was also illustrated. Variable (V) gene segments lie upstream of two tandem diversity (D), joining (J) and constant (C) clusters and the genomic organization of the IgH locus presented as Vn-Dn-Jn-Cτ-Dn-Jn-Cμ-Cδ, similar to some other teleost fish. However, unlike some other teleost fish, ten VH, ten D and nine J genes were observed in this locus, which suggest teleost Igs might be conserved and diverse. Thus, it would be interesting to determine how Igs divide among themselves in immune response to different antigens. To address this hypothesis, we have developed three models by bath infection with parasitic, bacterial and fungal pathogens, respectively. We found that IgM, IgD and IgT were highly upregulated in the head kidney and spleen after infection with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich), suggesting that the three Igs might participate in the systemic immune responses to Ich. Moreover, the high expression of IgT in mucosal tissue, such as skin or gills, appeared after being infected with three different pathogens infection, respectively, in which the expression of IgT increased more rapidly in response to Ich infection. Interestingly, the expression of IgD showed a higher increase in spleen and head kidney being challenged with fungi, suggesting that IgD might play an important role in antifungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yongyao Yu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhenyu Huang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yanzhi Luo
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yaxing Yin
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Huili Li
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yangzhou Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Xu J, Zhang X, Luo Y, Wan X, Yao Y, Zhang L, Yu Y, Ai T, Wang Q, Xu Z. IgM and IgD heavy chains of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco): Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis in response to bacterial infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:233-243. [PMID: 30300742 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Three different immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes, namely IgM, IgD, and IgT/IgZ have been described in most teleost, among which IgM and IgT are considered crucial in systematic and mucosal immunity, respectively. However, some teleost have no IgT/IgZ and it is unclear how other Ig isotypes interact to perform immune-protective roles in both systematic and mucosal sites. In this study, the complete cDNA sequences of IgM and IgD heavy chains were cloned and analyzed from yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). The full-length cDNA of Pf-IgM and Pf-IgD heavy chains contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1710 and 2991 bp encoding a predicted protein of 570 and 997 amino acids, respectively. Tissue-specific expression analysis indicated that both IgM and IgD were highly expressed in kidney and spleen, and higher expression levels were found at zygote and 13th day post hatching during early development. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed IgM and IgD of yellow catfish are closely related to other fish of Siluriformes. Moreover, we also constructed the infection model of yellow catfish with bacteria (Flavobacterium columnare G4) for the first time to study the function of Pf-IgM and Pf-IgD heavy chain genes in immune response. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that significantly up-regulated expression of Pf-IgM was not only detected in liver and spleen, but also in mucosal tissues including skin and intestine, while Pf-IgD was just significantly increased in liver and spleen, which might suggest the main immune-protecting roles of IgM in mucosal tissues of yellow catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yanzhi Luo
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xinyu Wan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yongtie Yao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430207, China
| | - Yunzhen Yu
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430207, China
| | - Taoshan Ai
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430207, China
| | - Qingchao Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde, 415000, China.
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Byadgi O, Beraldo P, Volpatti D, Massimo M, Bulfon C, Galeotti M. Expression of infection-related immune response in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) during a natural outbreak from a unique dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:62-72. [PMID: 30266602 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the Mediterranean area, amyloodiniosis represents a major hindrance for marine aquaculture, causing high mortalities in lagoon-type based rearing sites during warm seasons. Amyloodinium ocellatum (AO) is the most common and important dinoflagellate parasitizing fish, and is one of the few fish parasites that can infest several fish species living within its ecological range. In the present study, A. ocellatum was recorded and collected from infected European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) during a summer 2017 outbreak in north east Italy. Histological observation of infected ESB gill samples emphasized the presence of round or pear-shaped trophonts anchored to the oro-pharingeal cavity. Molecular analysis for small subunit (SSU) rDNA of A. ocellatum from gill genomic DNA amplified consistently and yielded 248 bp specific amplicon of A. ocellatum, that was also confirmed using sequencing and NCBI Blast analysis. Histological sections of ESB gill samples were addressed to immunohistochemical procedure for the labelling of ESB igm, inos, tlr2, tlr4, pcna and cytokeratin. Infected gills resulted positive for igm, inos, pcna and cytokeratin but negative to tlr-2 and tlr-4. Furthermore, ESB immune related gene response (innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and stress) in the course of A. ocellatum infection using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) for infected gills and head kidney was analysed. Among the twenty three immune related gene molecules tested, cc1, il-8, il-10, hep, cox-2, cla, cat, casp9, and igt were significantly expressed in diseased fish. Altogether, these data on parasite identification and expression of host immune-related genes will allow for a better understanding of immune response in European sea bass against A. ocellatum and could promote the development of effective control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar Byadgi
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Paola Beraldo
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Donatella Volpatti
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Michela Massimo
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Chiara Bulfon
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Marco Galeotti
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
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Yu YY, Kong W, Yin YX, Dong F, Huang ZY, Yin GM, Dong S, Salinas I, Zhang YA, Xu Z. Mucosal immunoglobulins protect the olfactory organ of teleost fish against parasitic infection. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007251. [PMID: 30395648 PMCID: PMC6237424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The olfactory organ of vertebrates receives chemical cues present in the air or water and, at the same time, they are exposed to invading pathogens. Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), which serves as a mucosal inductive site for humoral immune responses against antigen stimulation in mammals, is present also in teleosts. IgT in teleosts is responsible for similar functions to those carried out by IgA in mammals. Moreover, teleost NALT is known to contain B-cells and teleost nasal mucus contains immunoglobulins (Igs). Yet, whether nasal B cells and Igs respond to infection remains unknown. We hypothesized that water-borne parasites can invade the nasal cavity of fish and elicit local specific immune responses. To address this hypothesis, we developed a model of bath infection with the Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) parasite in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, an ancient bony fish, and investigated the nasal adaptive immune response against this parasite. Critically, we found that Ich parasites in water could reach the nasal cavity and successfully invade the nasal mucosa. Moreover, strong parasite-specific IgT responses were detected in the nasal mucus, and the accumulation of IgT+ B-cells was noted in the nasal epidermis after Ich infection. Strikingly, local IgT+ B-cell proliferation and parasite-specific IgT generation were found in the trout olfactory organ, providing new evidence that nasal-specific immune responses were induced locally by a parasitic challenge. Overall, our findings suggest that nasal mucosal adaptive immune responses are similar to those reported in other fish mucosal sites and that an antibody system with a dedicated mucosal Ig performs evolutionary conserved functions across vertebrate mucosal surfaces. The olfactory organ is a vitally important chemosensory organ in vertebrates but it is also continuously stimulated by pathogenic microorganisms in the external environment. In mammals and birds, nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) is considered one of the first lines of immune defense against inhaled antigens and in bony fish, protecting against water-borne infections. However, although B-cells and immunoglobulins (Igs) have been found in teleost NALT, the defensive mechanisms of parasite-specific immune responses after pathogen challenge in the olfactory organ of teleost fish remain poorly understood. Considering that the NALT of all vertebrates has been subjected to similar evolutionary forces, we hypothesize that mucosal Igs play a critical role in the defense of olfactory systems against parasites. To confirm this hypothesis, we show the local proliferation of IgT+ B-cells and production of pathogen-specific IgT within the nasal mucosa upon parasite infection, indicating that parasite-specific IgT is the main Ig isotype specialized for nasal-adaptive immune responses. From an evolutionary perspective, our findings contribute to expanding our view of nasal immune systems and determining the fate of the host–pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yao Yu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weiguang Kong
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ya-Xing Yin
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fen Dong
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Huang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guang-Mei Yin
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuai Dong
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Irene Salinas
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
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Parida S, Mohapatra A, Kar B, Mohanty J, Sahoo PK. Transcriptional analysis of immune-relevant genes in the mucus of Labeo rohita, experimentally infected with Argulus siamensis. Acta Parasitol 2018; 63:125-133. [PMID: 29351083 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2018-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of mucosa-associated molecular events that occur during infections is scarce despite the well-established importance of mucus in fish immunity. Using qRT-PCR, we analyzed the immune gene expression patterns in mucus of Labeo rohita experimentally infected with an ectoparasite Argulus siamensis. Mucus samples were collected at 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 d, 7 d, 15 d, and 30 d post challenge of L. rohita with metanauplii of A. siamensis. All interleukins studied herein (IL 6, IL 15, and IL 1β) showed significant upregulation of expression levels in mucus of A. siamensis-infected fish compared to control samples. Further, the expression levels of molecules involved in pathogen recognition, toll like receptor 22, and pathogen presentation, β2 microglobulin, were found to be significantly upregulated in experimental samples until 7 d post challenge compared to control samples. The upregulated expression of lysozyme G at all time points post infection indicated the early activation of acute phase responses in mucus of infected L. rohita. Moreover, the expression levels of natural killer cell enhancing factor B were found to be higher in infected fish than they were in the control fish. The early upregulation of the immune genes observed herein reinforces the role of mucus as the first line of defense against pathogenic assault; furthermore, it expands our understanding of mucosal-immune responses to A. siamensis infection, which can aid development of immunological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Parida
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751 002, India
| | - Amruta Mohapatra
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751 002, India
| | - Banya Kar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751 002, India
| | - Jyotirmaya Mohanty
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751 002, India
| | - Pramoda Kumar Sahoo
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751 002, India
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Banerjee R, Patel B, Basu M, Lenka SS, Paicha M, Samanta M, Das S. Molecular cloning, characterization and expression of immunoglobulin D on pathogen challenge and pathogen associated molecular patterns stimulation in freshwater carp, Catla catla. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 61:452-458. [DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajanya Banerjee
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology; Department of Life; Science; National Institute of Technology; Rourkela 769008
| | - Bhakti Patel
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology; Department of Life; Science; National Institute of Technology; Rourkela 769008
| | - Madhubanti Basu
- Fish Health Management Division; Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture; Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002 Odisha India
| | - Saswati S. Lenka
- Fish Health Management Division; Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture; Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002 Odisha India
| | - Mahismita Paicha
- Fish Health Management Division; Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture; Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002 Odisha India
| | - Mrinal Samanta
- Fish Health Management Division; Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture; Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002 Odisha India
| | - Surajit Das
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology; Department of Life; Science; National Institute of Technology; Rourkela 769008
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16
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Tang X, Liu F, Sheng X, Xing J, Zhan W. Production, characterization and application of monoclonal antibody against immunoglobulin D heavy chain of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:401-406. [PMID: 28359942 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin D (IgD) is considered to be an enigmatic Ig molecule because of the lack understanding of its immunological functions. In the present study, a partial δ region of the flounder IgD was recombinantly expressed, purified and used as an immunogen to produce monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the H chain of flounder IgD. After fusion, a total of 97 hybridomas were generated and observed under an inverted microscope One of the hybridomas, designated 5G7, gave strong positive results in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and was cloned and subcloned by limiting dilution. Western blot analysis showed that MAb 5G7 could specifically recognize a 118 kDa protein from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), which was identified to be the H chain of flounder IgD by mass spectrometric analysis. Indirect immunofluorescence assay tests (IIFAT) showed that specific fluorescence signals were observed on the membranes of the PBLs, which suggests that MAb 5G7 could recognize the membrane-bound IgD molecule. Moreover, only the subset of IgD+/IgM + B cells were observed in the PBLs of healthy flounder when tested by flow cytometry analysis. Consistent with the results of flow cytometry, a double immunofluorescence assay test (DIFAT) showed that the positive lymphocytes were stained with both green and red fluorescence signals, which represent the IgM+/IgD + lymphocytes subset. These results demonstrate that the produced MAb 5G7 could specifically recognize the flounder IgD, which provides a useful tool to study the functions of flounder IgD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Fuguo Liu
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No.1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Jimo, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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Buonocore F, Stocchi V, Nunez-Ortiz N, Randelli E, Gerdol M, Pallavicini A, Facchiano A, Bernini C, Guerra L, Scapigliati G, Picchietti S. Immunoglobulin T from sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.): molecular characterization, tissue localization and expression after nodavirus infection. BMC Mol Biol 2017; 18:8. [PMID: 28298204 PMCID: PMC5353873 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-017-0085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunoglobulins (Igs) are fundamental components of the adaptive immune system of vertebrates, with the IgT/IgZ isotype specific of Teleosts. In this paper we describe the identification of an IgT heavy chain from the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.), its molecular characterization and tissue mRNA localization by in situ hybridization. Results Sea bass IgT consists of 552 aa (Accession Number KM410929) and it contains a putative 19 amino acids long signal peptide and one potential N-glycosylation site. The C-region consists of four CH domains; each contains the cysteine and tryptophan residues required for their correct folding. Based on the recent sequencing of sea bass genome, we have identified five different genomic contigs bearing exons unequivocally pertaining to IgT (CH2, CH3 and CH4), but none corresponded to a complete IgH locus as IgT sequences were found in the highly fragmented assembled genomic regions which could not be assigned to any major scaffold. The 3D structure of sea bass IgT has been modelled using the crystal structure of a mouse Ig gamma as a template, thus showing that the amino acid sequence is suitable for the expected topology referred to an immunoglobulin-like architecture. The basal expression of sea bass IgT and IgM in different organs has been analysed: gut and gills, important mucosal organs, showed high IgT transcripts levels and this was the first indication of the possible involvement of sea bass IgT in mucosal immune responses. Moreover, sea bass IgT expression increased in gills and spleen after infection with nodavirus, highlighting the importance of IgT in sea bass immune responses. In situ hybridization confirmed the presence of IgT transcripts in the gut and it revealed a differential expression along the intestinal tract, with a major expression in the posterior intestine, suggesting the hindgut as a site for the recruitment of IgT+ cells in this species. IgT transcripts were also found in gill filaments and parallel lamellae and, for the first time, we identified scattered IgT positive cells in the liver, with a strong signal in the hepatic parenchyma. Conclusions In conclusion, we performed a full molecular characterization of IgT in sea bass that points out its possible involvement in mucosal immune responses of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Buonocore
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 05100, Viterbo, VT, Italy.
| | - Valentina Stocchi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 05100, Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Noelia Nunez-Ortiz
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 05100, Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Elisa Randelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 05100, Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 5, 34127, Trieste, TS, Italy
| | - Alberto Pallavicini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 5, 34127, Trieste, TS, Italy
| | - Angelo Facchiano
- Institute of Food Science, CNR, Via Roma, 64, 83100, Avellino, AV, Italy
| | - Chiara Bernini
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 05100, Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Laura Guerra
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 05100, Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scapigliati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 05100, Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Simona Picchietti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 05100, Viterbo, VT, Italy
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18
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Piazzon MC, Galindo-Villegas J, Pereiro P, Estensoro I, Calduch-Giner JA, Gómez-Casado E, Novoa B, Mulero V, Sitjà-Bobadilla A, Pérez-Sánchez J. Differential Modulation of IgT and IgM upon Parasitic, Bacterial, Viral, and Dietary Challenges in a Perciform Fish. Front Immunol 2016; 7:637. [PMID: 28082977 PMCID: PMC5186763 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Three different immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes can be found in teleost fish, IgM, IgD, and the teleost-specific IgT. IgM is considered to have a systemic activity, and IgT is attributed a mucosal role, similar to mammalian IgA. In this study, the complete sequence of gilthead sea bream IgM and IgT in their membrane (m) and soluble (s) forms are described for the first time in a perciform fish. Their constitutive gene expression is analyzed in different tissues, and their regulation upon viral, bacterial, parasitic, mucosal vaccination and dietary challenges are studied. GCB IgM and IgT have the prototypical structure when compared to other fish Igs. The constitutive expression of sIgM was the highest overall in all tissues, whereas mIgT expression was highest in mucosal tissues, such as gills and intestine. IgM and IgT were differentially regulated upon infection. IgT was highly upregulated locally upon infection with the intestinal parasite Enteromyxum leei or systemically after Nodavirus infection. Long-term intestinal parasitic infections increased the serum titer of both isotypes. Mucosal vaccination against Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida finely regulated the Ig response inducing a systemic increase of IgM titers in serum and a local IgT response in skin mucus when animals were exposed to the pathogen by bath challenge. Interestingly, plant-based diets inhibit IgT upregulation upon intestinal parasitic challenge, which was related to a worse disease outcome. All these results corroborate the mucosal role of IgT and emphasize the importance of a finely tuned regulation of Ig isotypes upon infection, which could be of special interest in vaccination studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Piazzon
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC) , Castellón , Spain
| | - Jorge Galindo-Villegas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain
| | - Patricia Pereiro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC) , Vigo , Spain
| | - Itziar Estensoro
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC) , Castellón , Spain
| | - Josep A Calduch-Giner
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC) , Castellón , Spain
| | - Eduardo Gómez-Casado
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Beatriz Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC) , Vigo , Spain
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain
| | - Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC) , Castellón , Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC) , Castellón , Spain
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